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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat "Offshore geothermal energy system"
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Santini, Stefano, Matteo Basilici, Chiara Invernizzi, Stefano Mazzoli, Antonella Megna, Pietro Paolo Pierantoni, Vincenzo Spina i Simone Teloni. "Thermal Structure of the Northern Outer Albanides and Adjacent Adriatic Crustal Sector, and Implications for Geothermal Energy Systems". Energies 13, nr 22 (18.11.2020): 6028. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13226028.
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Using an analytical methodology taking into account heat flow density data, frictional heating, temperature variations due to the re-equilibrated conductive state after thrusting and geological constrains, we calculated surface heat flow, geotherms and isotherms along a balanced and restored regional geological cross-section. Our results highlight the impact of frictional heating produced by thrusts on the thermal structure of the study area, leading to a raising of the isotherms both in the inner Albanides to the E and in the Adriatic sector offshore. Minimum values of Qs in the surroundings of Tirana and the reconstructed 2D thermal structure suggest less favorable conditions for exploitation of geothermal energy, besides the direct use (Borehole Heat Exchanger-Geothermal Heat Pump systems). Nevertheless, the occurrence of the “Kruja geothermal zone”, partially overlapping this area and including hot spring manifestations, emphasize the structural control in driving hot fluids to the surface with respect to the regional thermal structure.
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Campos Enríquez, J. O., i J. Urrutia-Fucugauchi. "Geothermal and related volcanological and tectonic research in México". Geofísica Internacional 31, nr 4 (1.10.1992): 335–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.22201/igeof.00167169p.1992.31.4.1341.
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Mexico has a large geothermal potential on the continental mainland as well as offshore. The installed capacity for power generation from high-enthalpy hydrothermal systems amounts at present to 700 MWe. One of the two most important geothermal provinces is associated with the junction of the continental Gulf of California spreading system with the San Andreas transform-fault system. The other is associated with the Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt (TMVB). The TMVB crosses Mexico approximately between 19° and 21 o north latitude. It comprises most of the historic and present-day volcanic activity in Mexico: dacitic-andesitic strato-volcanoes, cinder-cone fields, isolated occurrences of rhyolitic volcanism, and major silicic centers. A large geothermal potential is closely related to this volcanic activity. Indeed the TMVB contains most of the developed or promising hydrothermal areas: Los Humeros, Los Azufres, Araro, Ixthin de Los Hervores-Los Negritos, La Soledad, La Primavera and El Ceboruco. The well-known geothermal field of Cerro Prieto is located in the Baja California province.doi: sin doi
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Paltrinieri, Diego, Paolo Favali, Francesco Italiano, Patrizio Signanini, Carlo Caso i Fabrizio B. Armani. "The Marsili Seamount Offshore Geothermal Reservoir: A Big Challenge for an Energy Transition Model". Energies 15, nr 5 (4.03.2022): 1900. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15051900.
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Renewable energies have been the only sources recording a clear increase in total installed capacity, setting a record in new power capacity in 2020, despite the pandemic. The European Union Green Deal represents a strategy towards a sustainable economic model. In this framework, land-based geothermics has seen very limited development; however, offshore geothermics is almost completely absent in the discussion on energy source alternatives, even though it represents a real challenge for energy transition, including the production of green hydrogen. This article discusses an excursus on the activities carried out on offshore geothermal areas worldwide. We focused on the energy potential capacity of the Marsili volcanic seamount located over the bathial plain of the Tyrrhenian Basin, describing the detailed geological, geochemical, and geophysical investigations that have been carried out on that seamount since the 2000s. All the collected data have shown evidence supporting the existence of an exploitable geothermal system in the Marsili seamount consisting of a reservoir of supercritical geothermal fluids of about 100 km3. We discuss and evaluate the actual consistence of the impacts associated with the occurrence of potential risks. We also describe the necessary further steps towards the pilot well. An important breakthrough in the short-medium term that allows for an exit from the predominance of fossil sources may come from the development of energy production derived from offshore high-enthalpy geothermal fields, especially in areas such as the Southern Tyrrhenian Sea. There is a natural clear predisposition for its exploitation combined with a low ecological footprint, which is the target objective of international agreements in the context of a blue economy strategy.
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Hemeida, Mahmoud G., Ashraf Hemeida, Tomonobu Senjyu i Dina Osheba. "Renewable Energy Resources Technologies and Life Cycle Assessment: Review". Energies 15, nr 24 (12.12.2022): 9417. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15249417.
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Moving towards RER has become imperative to achieve sustainable development goals (SDG). Renewable energy resources (RER) are characterized by uncertainty whereas, most of them are unpredictable and variable according to climatic conditions. This paper focuses on RER-based electrical power plants as a base to achieve two different goals, SDG7 (obtaining reasonably priced clean energy) and SDG13 (reducing climate change). These goals in turn would support other environmental, social, and economic SDG. This study is constructed based on two pillars which are technological developments and life cycle assessment (LCA) for wind, solar, biomass, and geothermal power plants. To support the study and achieve the main point, many essential topics are presented in brief such as fossil fuels’ environmental impact, economic sustainability linkage to RER, the current contribution of RER in energy consumption worldwide and barriers and environmental effects of RER under consideration. As a result, solar and wind energy lead the RER electricity market with major contributions of 27.7% and 26.92%, respectively, biomass and geothermal are still of negligible contributions at 4.68% and 0.5%, respectively, offshore HAWT dominated other WT techniques, silicon-based PV cells dominated other solar PV technologies with 27% efficiency, combustion thermochemical energy conversion process dominated other biomass energy systems techniques, due to many concerns geothermal energy system is not preferable. Many emerging technologies need to receive more public attention, intensive research, financial support, and governmental facilities including effective policies and data availability.
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Valecha, Mr Mohit. "Study on Dynamic analysis of Grid Interactive of offshore wind and Marine Current Farm". International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, nr 6 (30.06.2022): 4587–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.45023.
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Abstract:-In day-to-day life due to growth of power demand worldwide. The use of conventional energy is increased and there is reduction in conventional resources. To fulfill the Demand, it is essential to increase the renewable resources like wind, tidal, solar etc. The energy which is sustainable means which is endless. The ocean has untapped energy resources in the form of tidal wave, geothermal, offshore wind etc. at different geographical locations.OWF combined with MCF, owing to their natural availability in close proximity, would become a new kind of integrated energy generation system in near future. Mainly there are TWO types of generators synchronous and asynchronous generator we use asynchronous generator because wind is not constant in offshore wind farm .There are FOUR types of generators used in offshore wind farm (OWF) which are named as:- Doubly fed induction generator (DFIG), Squirrel cage induction generator(SCIG) ,Wound-Rotor induction generator(WRIG) ,Permanent Magnet Synchronous generator (PMSG). And in our project, we have taken wind Energy as a source and our system is hybrid of offshore wind and marine-current farm connected to an onshore power grid via a high-voltage alternating current (HVAC) link. The performance of the studied offshore wind farm (OWF) is simulated by a doubly-fed induction generator (DFIG). DFIG system is a popular system in which the power electronic interface controls the rotor current to achieve the variable speed necessary for maximum energy capture in variable winds .while the operating characteristics of the studied marine current farm (MCF) are simulated by a squirrel-cage induction generator (SCIG).SCIG is attached to the wind turbine by means of a gearbox. The wind turbine is responsible for transforming wind power into kinetic energy .Both frequencydomain approach based on a linearized system model using Eigen value analysis and time-domain scheme based on a nonlinear system model subject to a disturbance condition are carried out. It can be concluded from the simulated steady-stated transient results that the proposed HVAC link can effectively stabilize the hybrid OWF and MCF under various disturbance conditions
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Pająk, Leszek, Anna Sowiżdżał, Paweł Gładysz, Barbara Tomaszewska, Maciej Miecznik, Trond Andresen, Bjørn S. Frengstad i Anna Chmielowska. "Multi-Criteria Studies and Assessment Supporting the Selection of Locations and Technologies Used in CO2-EGS Systems". Energies 14, nr 22 (17.11.2021): 7683. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14227683.
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The paper describes application of the cross-impact method in the process of selecting locations and technologies used in a geothermal system based on energy accumulated in a dry rock formation, where CO2 is used as the working medium. The survey is based on the opinion of a group of 20 experts representing different fields of earth and technical sciences. They represent Norway and Poland, where the location of such a system is considered. Based on experts’ experience and opinions, all factors that seem to be significant were classified into the following groups: targets, key factors, results, determiners, motor and brakes, regulating factors, external factors, auxiliary factors, and autonomous factors. Direct influences between variables were indicated. Due to major differences in geological conditions in Poland and Norway, the factor of on- or offshore technology was pointed out as the primary determiner. Among key factors, the system operation’s long-term safety and level of technological readiness were indicated. As a target factor, an interest of local authority was pointed out. Among the variables that are important when selecting locations for this type of system, nine are essential: (1) Formal constraints related to local nature protection areas—this variable is essential in the case of an onshore system; (2) Availability of CO2 sources; (3) Level of geological recognition; (4) The distance of the CO2-EGS from a thermal energy user and electricity grid; (5) Existing wells and other infrastructure; (6) Depth of the EGS system; (7) Water depth if offshore, this variable is only important when offshore systems are involved; (8) Physical parameters of reservoir rocks; (9) Reservoir temperature.
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Carpenter, Chris. "Design and Safety Considerations for Coiled Tubing Operations in Geothermal Wells". Journal of Petroleum Technology 73, nr 07 (1.07.2021): 51–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/0721-0051-jpt.
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This article, written by JPT Technology Editor Chris Carpenter, contains highlights of paper OTC 30408, “Design and Safety Considerations To Perform Coiled Tubing Operations in Large-Diameter, High-Temperature Geothermal Wells,” by Ishaan Singh, SPE, Danny Aryo Wijoseno, SPE, and Kellen Wolf, Schlumberger, et al., prepared for the 2020 Offshore Technology Conference Asia, originally scheduled to be held in Kuala Lumpur, 17–19 August. The paper has not been peer reviewed. Copyright 2020 Offshore Technology Conference. Reproduced by permission. The productive section in a high-pressure, high-temperature (HP/HT) geothermal Field A in the Philippines features shallow and deep reservoirs separated by a low-permeability formation. However, recent years have seen a reduction in production levels. To activate and enhance well production, coiled tubing (CT) nitrogen-lift operations were required. CT simulations were combined with simulations from the geothermal reservoir to overcome modeling limitations. The outcome helped the design of a new cooling-loop system and allowed optimization of the nitrogen-lift technique. As a result, two large-diameter geothermal wells were lifted safely with 2-in. CT. Introduction This study describes design and safety considerations in performing CT operations in high-temperature, large- diameter geothermal wells. The customized high-temperature-grade seal material was chosen to withstand high bottomhole temperatures (BHT) (600°F), and a heat exchanger riser system was designed and tested on the job to handle high-surface-temperature steam (350–400°F), thus mitigating potential well-control incidents. Challenges of Seal Damage Caused by High Surface Temperatures in Live Well Intervention The CT interventions in quenched HP/HT geothermal wells reduce the risk of surface equipment failure. The seal material readily available in the market is rated to 250°F, but, if quenching is not possible, the high-temperature steam (approximately 350–400°F) may flow into the pressure-control equipment, leading to seal damage and CT contingencies. At high temperatures (400°F), these seals are unusable. It becomes essential to use a surface heat exchange riser (HER) system to prevent this issue. Design and Execution of HER Systems in Field A To avoid any well contingency and to keep pressure-control equipment safe, HER systems can be used. Some basic designs for HERs are described in the complete paper. For this study, a customized 4.06-in. HER cooling system (Design 1, shown in Fig. 1) was designed to accommodate 2-in. CT pipe. Design 1 was chosen from an evaluation of three design candidates outlined in the complete paper. The wellhead stack featured seal elements rated to high temperatures (400°F). To prevent high- temperature steam from entering the wellhead stack, the blowout preventer, and other surface- equipment elements, an efficient HER system was designed wherein, while the CT is still in the well performing CT operations, the cold water can be pumped into the CT-stack annulus from the top flow cross through the cooling riser to the bottom flow cross and back to the return tank. The temperature of the cooling loop was continuously monitored to ensure that it was well below 212°F (the boiling point of water).
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Thinon, Isabelle, Pol Guennoc, Adnand Bitri i Catherine Truffert. "Study of the Bouillante Bay (West Basse-Terre Island shelf): contribution of geophysical surveys to the understanding of the structural context of Guadeloupe (French West Indies - Lesser Antilles)". Bulletin de la Société Géologique de France 181, nr 1 (1.01.2010): 51–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.2113/gssgfbull.181.1.51.
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Abstract The need to understand the structural context of the Bouillante geothermal field (West Basse-Terre, Guadeloupe, French West Indies) has led to onshore and offshore studies in the “high-energy geothermal fields” project, carried out by ADEME and BRGM. To ascertain the structural context of the island and the offshore continuation of the structures identified onshore, bathymetric, high-resolution reflection seismic and magnetic surveys were conducted on the shelf. The analyses of these detailed data show that the width of the present-day northwestern Basse-Terre shelf has been built by the accumulation of the Pleistocene detrital sediments over a volcanic substratum representing the prolongation on the shelf of an onshore volcanic edifice that bounds the Bouillante Bay on the south. The sedimentary cover has recorded two important regressive phases. Deciphering the structural frame has confirmed that the Bouillante sector is a key geodynamic area where the major tectonic and volcanic structures of the inner arc of the Lesser Antilles join. In this area, the N160° Basse-Terre volcanic axis, the N140° Montserrat-Bouillante volcanic and fault system, the EW Bouillante-Capesterre fault system, linked to the E-W-trending Marie-Galante graben, join up and their relationships have been specified. The N140°E Montserrat-Bouillante fault system ends on a N160° escarpment and basement high which would represent the relay of a major NNW-SSE- strike-slip fault system along the inner arc of the Lesser Antilles, linking the Montserrat-Bouillante fault to that of Les Saintes.
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Piselli, Cristina, Jessica Romanelli, Matteo Di Grazia, Augusto Gavagni, Elisa Moretti, Andrea Nicolini, Franco Cotana, Francesco Strangis, Henk J. L. Witte i Anna Laura Pisello. "An Integrated HBIM Simulation Approach for Energy Retrofit of Historical Buildings Implemented in a Case Study of a Medieval Fortress in Italy". Energies 13, nr 10 (20.05.2020): 2601. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13102601.
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The Italian building stock consists of buildings mainly constructed until the mid-20th century using pre-industrial construction techniques. These buildings require energy refurbishment that takes into account the preservation of their architectural heritage. In this view, this work studies an innovative integrated modelling and simulation framework consisting of the implementation of Historical Building Information Modeling (HBIM) for the energy retrofit of historical buildings with renewable geothermal HVAC system. To this aim, the field case study is part of a medieval complex in Central Italy (Perugia), as representative ancient rural offshore architecture in the European countryside. The system involves of a ground source heat pump, a water tank for thermal-energy storage connected to a low-temperature radiant system, and an air-handling unit. The building heating energy performance, typically influenced by thermal inertia in historical buildings, when coupled to the novel HVAC system, is comparatively assessed against a traditional scenario implementing a natural-gas boiler, and made inter-operative within the HBIM ad hoc platform. Results show that the innovative renewable energy system provides relevant benefits while preserving minor visual and architectural impact within the historical complex, and also in terms of both energy saving, CO2 emissions offset, and operation costs compared to the traditional existing system. The integrated HBIM approach may effectively drive the path toward regeneration and re-functioning of heritage in Europe.
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Jaskólski, Marcin, i Paweł Bućko. "Modelling Long-Term Transition from Coal-Reliant to Low-Emission Power Grid and District Heating Systems in Poland". Energies 14, nr 24 (13.12.2021): 8389. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14248389.
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Energy systems require technological changes towards climate neutrality. In Poland, where the power system is dominated by outdated coal-fired power plants, efforts to minimize the environmental impact are associated with high costs. Therefore, optimal paths for the development of the energy sector should be sought in order to achieve ambitious long-term strategic goals, while minimizing the negative impact on the consumers’ home budget. A methodology and a model for the development of the electricity and heat generation structure were developed and implemented in market allocation (MARKAL) modelling framework. Two scenarios were presented, i.e., business as usual (BAU) and withdrawal from coal (WFC) scenarios. The calculations showed a significant role of nuclear energy and offshore wind power in the pursuit of climate neutrality of electricity generation. In the BAU scenario, the model proposes to stay with coal technologies using carbon capture and storage systems. Withdrawal from coal (WFC scenario) makes it necessary to replace them by gas-fired power plants with CO2 sequestration. Solar energy can be used both in electricity and district heating. In order to build on the latter technological option, appropriate energy storage techniques must be developed. Geothermal energy is expected to be the key option for district heat generation in the long-term horizon. The proposed development paths guarantee a significant reduction in greenhouse gases and industrial emissions. However, complete climate neutrality is uncertain, given the current degree and dynamics of technological development.
Rozprawy doktorskie na temat "Offshore geothermal energy system"
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Erceg, Ivan P. "Mathematical Analysis of a Geothermal System". Cleveland State University / OhioLINK, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=csu1225138202.
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Pomerancevs, Juris. "Geothermal function integration in ice rinks with CO2 refrigeration system". Thesis, KTH, Tillämpad termodynamik och kylteknik, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-273166.
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Ice rinks are energy intense industrial applications. A typical single sheet ice rink in Sweden uses about 1000 MWh/season. A state-of-the art ice rink systems can use less than 500 MWh/season, indicating the potential for improvements. According to several investigations CO2 refrigeration system with heat recovery has proven to be energy-efficient and cost-effective solution in ice rinks.To further improve the efficiency, geothermal function may be added feature. The objective of this study is to evaluate the geothermal function from techno-economic perspective for a typical ice rink in Sweden. Modelling of several scenarios has been performed. Obtained results suggest that CO2 refrigeration system with 2-stage heat recovery, if upgraded with geothermal function, can save between 1.7 to 6.8% of energy annually. In the best case, this study suggests the geothermal function would pay back in 16.4 years.Ishallar är energikrävande industriella applikationer. En typisk ishall i Sverige använder cirka 1000 MWh / säsong. Ett toppmodernt ishallsystem kan använda mindre än 500 MWh / säsong, vilket indikerar stora förbättringsmöjligheter. Enligt flera undersökningar har CO2-kylsystem med värmeåtervinning visat sig vara energieffektivt och kostnadseffektivt i ishallar.För att ytterligare förbättra effektiviteten kan geotermisk funktion läggas till. Syftet med denna studie är att utvärdera den geotermiska funktionen ur ett tekno-ekonomiskt perspektiv för en typisk ishall i Sverige. En modellering av flera scenarier har utförts. Resultaten antyder att CO2-kylsystem med 2-steg värmeåtervinning, om det uppgraderas med geotermisk funktion, kan spara mellan 1,7 och 6,8% energi årligen. I bästa fall antyder denna studie att den geotermiska funktionen skulle betala tillbaka om 16,4 år.
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Atkinson, Trevor Alex. "Geochemical Characterization of the Mountain Home Geothermal System". DigitalCommons@USU, 2015. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/4599.
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The Mountain Home (MH) geothermal system of the western Snake River Plain (SRP) magmatic province was discovered in 2012 by the Snake River Geothermal Drilling Project. Artesian flowing water with a temperature of 150°C was encountered at a depth of 1745 m below ground surface (mbgs) and extensive mineralized fracture networks of pectolite-prehnite, calcite, and laumontite were discovered in the recovered core. The objectives of this study are to: 1) describe the thermal and compositional history of past geothermal fluids, and 2) compare these fluids to modern fluids in order to characterize the evolution of the MH geothermal system and the geothermal potential of the western SRP. Core observations, thin section petrography, X-ray diffraction, and Electron Microprobe analyses were performed in order to describe mineral parageneses of various alteration zones. Carbon and oxygen stable isotope ratios along with temperatures of homogenization from fluid inclusions in hydrothermally precipitated calcite were measured along ~100 m of basalt core from 1709-1809 mbgs. The d13CPDB values in calcite range from -7.2 to -0.43 ‰ and d18OPDB values range between -20.5 and -15.9 ‰. An anomalous zone from 1722-1725 m depth displays a range in d13CPDB and d18OPDB of -1.9 to +0.88 ‰ and -17.1 to -8.1 ‰, respectively, suggesting non-equilibrium fractionation due to boiling. Carbon isotopic ratios suggest a mixture of deep-seated mantle derived and meteoric fluids. Fluid inclusion microthermometry has identified primary inclusions with trapping temperatures ranging from 168-368°C. A calcite-water geothermometer used to calculate paleo-fluid oxygen isotopic composition (-0.43 to +7.2 ‰ SMOW) and a comparison with present-day fluid oxygen isotopic composition (-3.2 ‰ SMOW) reveals a cooling trend with potential mixing of meteoric waters and deeply derived fluid. The MH geothermal system has cooled over time and reflects potentially less, if any magmatic fluid input presently into the system as there was in the past.
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Fisher, Kevin Perry. "A case study to identify and evaluate the pricing policy for geothermal energy in the San Bernardino Municipal Geothermal District heating system". CSUSB ScholarWorks, 1989. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/532.
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Corr, Mandi Lee. "Renewable energy in Montana system applications and technlogy /". [Missoula, Mont.] : The University of Montana, 2008. http://etd.lib.umt.edu/theses/available/etd-04212009-123850/unrestricted/Mandi_Corr_Thesis.pdf.
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BARALIS, MATTEO. "Optimisation of geothermal resources in urban areas". Doctoral thesis, Politecnico di Torino, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11583/2842491.
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Lundin, Rasmus, i Benjamin Beitler-Dorch. "Modelling and Analysis of Mobile Energy Transmission for Offshore Wind Power : An analysis of flow batteries as an energy transmission system for offshore wind power". Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för ekonomi, samhälle och teknik, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-40082.
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A comparison between a traditional fixed high voltage direct current energy transmission system and a mobile transmission system utilizing vanadium redox flow batteries has been conducted in this degree work. The purpose of this comparison was to evaluate if a mobile energy transmission system could be competitive in terms of energy efficiency and cost-effectiveness for use in offshore wind power applications. A literary study was made to fully grasp the various technologies and to create empirical ground of which cost estimation methods and energy calculations could be derived. A specific scenario was designed to compare the two transmission systems with the same conditions. To perform the comparison, a model was designed and simulated in MATLAB. The results from the model showed that the flow battery system fell behind in energy efficiency with a total energy loss of 33.3 % compared to the 11.7 % of the traditional system, future efficiency estimations landed it at a more competitive 17.5 %. The techno-economic results proved that a mobile flow battery system would be up to nine times more expensive in comparison to a traditional transmission system, with the best-case scenario resulting in it being roughly two times more expensive. The main cause of this was found out to be the expensive energy subsystem, specifically the electrolyte, used in the flow battery system. Several environmental risks arise when using a flow battery system with this electrolyte as well which could harm marine life severely. In conclusion; with further development and cost reductions, a case could be made for the advantages of a truly mobile energy transmission system. Specifically, in terms of the pure flexibility and mobility of the system, allowing it to circumvent certain complications. The mobility of the system gives the possibility of selling energy where the spot prices are at their highest, providing a higher revenue potential compared to a traditional fixed system. As for now though, it is simply too expensive to be a viable solution.
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Ilisei, Gheorghe. "Numerical analysis using simulations for a geothermal heat pump system. : Case study: modelling an energy efficient house". Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Energisystem, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-29101.
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The ground source resources are becoming more and more popular and now the ground source heat pumps are frequently used for heating and cooling different types of buildings. This thesis aims at giving a contribution in the development of the thermal modelling of borehole heat storage systems. Furthermore, its objective is to investigate the possibility of implementing of a GSHP (ground source heat pump) with vertical boreholes, in order to deliver the heating and cooling demand for a passive house and to emphasize some certain advantages of this equipment even in the case of a small building (e.g. residential house). A case study is presented to a suitable modelling tool for the estimation of the thermal behaviour of these systems GSHP by combining the outcome from different modelling programs. In order to do that, a very efficient residential solar house (EFden House – a passive residential single-family house, which was projected and built in Bucharest with academic purposes) is being analysed. The numerical results are produced using the software DesignBuilder, EED (Earth Energy Designer) and a sizing method for the length of the boreholes (ASHRAE method). The idea of using 2 different modelling programs and another sizing method for the borehole heat exchanger design (ASHRAE method) is to make sure that all the calculations and results are valid and reliable when analysing such a system theoretically (in the first phases of implementing a project), before performing a geotechnical study or a thermal response test in order to assess the feasibility of such a project beforehand. The results highlight that the length of the borehole, which is the main design parameter and also a good index in estimating the cost of the system, is directly influenced by the other fundamental variables like thermal conductivity of the grout, of the soil and the heat carrier fluid. Also, some correlations between these parameters and the COP (coefficient of performance) of the system were made. The idea of sizing the length of boreholes using two different methods shows the reliability of the modelling tool. The results showed a difference of only 2.5%. Moreover, the length of borehole is very important as it was calculated that can trigger a difference in electricity consumption of the GSHP up to 28%. It also showed the fact that the design of the whole system can be done beforehand just using modelling tools, without performing tests in-situ. The method aims at being considered as an efficient tool to estimate the length of the borehole of a GSHP system using several modelling tools.The presentation was made via Skype due to the programme being online based
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Beyene, Mussie Abraham. "Modelling the Resilience of Offshore Renewable Energy System Using Non-constant Failure Rates". Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för elektroteknik, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-445650.
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Offshore renewable energy systems, such as Wave Energy Converters or an Offshore Wind Turbine, must be designed to withstand extremes of the weather environment. For this, it is crucial both to have a good understanding of the wave and wind climate at the intended offshore site, and of the system reaction and possible failures to different weather scenarios. Based on these considerations, the first objective of this thesis was to model and identify the extreme wind speed and significant wave height at an offshore site, based on measured wave and wind data. The extreme wind speeds and wave heights were characterized as return values after 10, 25, 50, and 100 years, using the Generalized Extreme Value method. Based on a literature review, fragility curves for wave and wind energy systems were identified as function of significant wave height and wind speed. For a wave energy system, a varying failure rate as function of the wave height was obtained from the fragility curves, and used to model the resilience of a wave energy farm as a function of the wave climate. The cases of non-constant and constant failure rates were compared, and it was found that the non-constant failure rate had a high impact on the wave energy farm's resilience. When a non-constant failure rate as a function of wave height was applied to the energy wave farm, the number of Wave Energy Converters available in the farm and the absorbed energy from the farm are nearly zero. The cases for non-constant and an averaged constant failure of the instantaneous non-constant failure rate as a function of wave height were also compared, and it was discovered that investigating the resilience of the wave energy farm using the averaged constant failure rate of the non-constant failure rate results in better resilience. So, based on the findings of this thesis, it is recommended that identifying and characterizing offshore extreme weather climates, having a high repair rate, and having a high threshold limit repair vessel to withstand the harsh offshore weather environment.
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Alshareef, Ahmed Shehab. "Technology Assessment Model of Developing Geothermal Energy Resources for Supporting Electrical System: the Case for Oregon". PDXScholar, 2017. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/3515.
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The demand for energy is increasing worldwide. All applications contributed to increase the demand of all energy industry, and therefore the effect on the environment and the rise in pollution increased significantly. This is considered a large problem, and researchers focused their research on renewable energy for reducing the cost of energy in the future. Geothermal energy has significant impact as a source of electricity generation since it will not harm the environment. There are more than twenty countries that benefit from geothermal plants, which generate more than 6000 megawatts .Three alternatives of geothermal energy technology (GHP, Direct use of Geothermal Heat, and Geothermal Electricity) can be used for supporting electrical systems in Oregon. At the same time, the success of using the geothermal energy alternatives in Oregon relies on different goals for achieving the best geothermal development. Oregon has been ranked third in the potential use of geothermal energy after Nevada and California.
The objective from the research study was to develop an assessment model framework that can be used for supporting cost effective renewable energy in Oregon by the development of geothermal energy sources. This research of study was done by using the Hierarchical Decision Model (HDM) and consisted of four levels: Mission, objectives, goals, and alternative. Criteria used in this research study are based on five objectives to know what are the most important factors in the decision-making process. These objectives are: social, environmental, economical, technical, and political. The decision model connected objectives, goals, and alternative for obtaining the accurate decision. HDM used for this purpose to analyze the result of data collected from experts. Seven experts who had experience in the geothermal field participated in this research study, and they gave their judgment in the questionnaire survey link by using pair-wise comparison method.
The outcome analysis of the results showed that in terms of objectives that Minimizing Environmental Impact was rated at the highest value at 0.26 with respect to the mission. Within the category of Minimizing Environmental Impact, Seismic Activity and GHG Emissions had higher values. The results show that "Geothermal Electricity," with a rating of 43%, was ranked as the most important alternative with respect to mission, objectives, and goals. "Direct Use of Geothermal Heat" was ranked as the second most important alternative with 31%. The results of this research study were discussed with the experts to get their feedback, and learn from them what requirements are necessary for improvement in the geotechnical energy sector for future research. The experts agreed that this methodology is a good approach to help reach the right decision since this methodology (HDM) divides the problem into small sets, which will make the decision process easier.
Książki na temat "Offshore geothermal energy system"
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Siddiqui, Omar, Roger Bedard i George Hagerman. System level design, performance and costs for San Francisco California Energetech offshore wave power plant. San Francisco, Calif: EPRI, 2004.
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Siddiqui, Omar, Roger Bedard i George Hagerman. System level design, performance and costs for San Francisco California Pelamis offshore wave power plant. San Francisco, Calif: EPRI, 2004.
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Alcorn, Raymond, i Dara O'Sullivan. Electrical design for ocean wave and tidal energy systems. Redaktor Institution of Engineering and Technology. Stevenage, U.K: Institution of Engineering and Technology, 2013.
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Getting royalties right: Recent recommendations for improving the federal oil and gas royalty system : oversight hearing before the Subcommittee on Energy and Mineral Resources of the Committee on Natural Resources, U.S. House of Representatives, One Hundred Tenth Congress, second session, Tuesday, March 11, 2008. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 2008.
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Office, General Accounting. Foreign assistance: Any further aid to Haitian justice system should be linked to performance-related conditions : report to Congressional Requesters. Washington, D.C. (P.O. Box 37050, Washington, D.C. 20013): U.S. General Accounting Office, 2000.
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Cannon, Stephanie, i Andrea T. Zulpo. Department of the Interior: Reform, Reorganization and Offshore Energy Management. Nova Science Publishers, Incorporated, 2013.
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Wind Energy Modeling and Simulation: Turbine and System. Institution of Engineering & Technology, 2020.
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Goldemberg, José. Energy. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/wentk/9780199812905.001.0001.
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Without a doubt, the topic of energy--from coal, oil, and nuclear to geothermal, solar and wind--is one of the most pressing across the globe. It is of paramount importance to policy makers, economists, environmentalists, and industry as they consider which technologies to invest in, how to promote use of renewable energy sources, and how to plan for dwindling reserves of non-renewable energy. In Energy: What Everyone Needs to Know, José Goldemberg, a nuclear physicist who has been hailed by Time magazine as one of the world's top "leaders and visionaries on the environment," takes readers through the basics of the world energy system, its problems, and the technical as well as non-technical solutions to the most pressing energy problems. Addressing the issues in a Q-and-A format, Goldemberg answers such questions as: What are wind, wave, and geothermal energy? What are the problems of nuclear waste disposal? What is acid rain? What is the greenhouse gas effect? What is Carbon Capture and Storage? What are smart grids? What is the Kyoto Protocol? What is "cap and trade"? The book sheds light on the role of population growth in energy consumption, renewable energy resources, the amount of available energy reserves (and when they will run out), geopolitical issues, environmental problems, the frequency of environmental disasters, energy efficiency, new technologies, and solutions to changing consumption patterns. It will be the first place to look for information on the vital topic of energy.
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Veers, Paul. Wind Energy Modeling and Simulation: Turbine and System, Volume 2. Institution of Engineering & Technology, 2019.
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Department of Defense. Oil for the Lamps of China - Beijing's 21st-Century Search for Energy: Coal, Oil, Natural Gas, Power Distribution System, Environment, Defense, Nuclear, Renewable, Solar, Wind, Geothermal. Independently Published, 2017.
Znajdź pełny tekst źródłaCzęści książek na temat "Offshore geothermal energy system"
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Baria, Roy, L. Mortimer i G. Beardsmore. "Engineered Geothermal Systems engineered geothermal system (EGS) , Development engineered geothermal system (EGS) definition and Sustainability Engineered Geothermal Systems Sustainability of". W Renewable Energy Systems, 714–27. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-5820-3_235.
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Uhlen, Kjetil. "Market Integration and System Operation". W Offshore Wind Energy Technology, 397–405. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119097808.ch11.
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Lawrence, Andrew. "Non-RE Alternative Energies: Nuclear, Geothermal, Fracking and Offshore Gas". W South Africa’s Energy Transition, 85–98. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-18903-7_4.
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Kaiser, Mark J., i Brian F. Snyder. "Offshore Wind Energy System Components". W Offshore Wind Energy Cost Modeling, 13–30. London: Springer London, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-2488-7_2.
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Uhlen, Kjetil. "Grid Integration and Control for Power System Operation Support". W Offshore Wind Energy Technology, 381–96. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119097808.ch10.
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Delgado, F., G. Lavidas i K. Blok. "Wave energy and the European transmission system". W Trends in Renewable Energies Offshore, 17–23. London: CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003360773-3.
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Cui, Yuanlong, Jie Zhu i Hui Tong. "Techno-Economic Assessment of Shallow Geothermal Heat Pump System with Energy Piles". W Geothermal Heat Pump Systems, 293–323. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-24524-4_10.
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Shibata, Hiroaki, Hiroshi Oyama i Shigeto Yamada. "Geothermal Binary Power Generation System Using Unutilized Energy". W Challenges of Power Engineering and Environment, 1275–79. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-76694-0_239.
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Helvacı, Hüseyin Utku, i Gülden Gökçen Akkurt. "Thermodynamic Performance Evaluation of a Geothermal Drying System". W Progress in Exergy, Energy, and the Environment, 331–41. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-04681-5_29.
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Gökgedik, Harun, Veysel İncili, Halit Arat i Ali Keçebaş. "Assessment of Total Operating Costs for a Geothermal District Heating System". W Energy Systems and Management, 293–303. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-16024-5_28.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenia konferencji na temat "Offshore geothermal energy system"
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Vivas, Cesar, Saeed Salehi, Runar Nygaard i Danny Rehg. "Scalable Geothermal Energy Potential from Sedimentary Basins and Leveraging Oil and Gas Industry Experience: Case Studies from Texas Gulf Coast". W Offshore Technology Conference. OTC, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4043/32381-ms.
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Abstract Geothermal energy has the potential to be a dependable source of power in the future. However, its development has mostly been limited to specific geographical areas or types of rocks. The western US has relatively high downhole temperatures compared to other regions, however, similar temperatures could be found in other regions by drilling deeper into sedimentary rocks. The oil and gas industry has developed highly efficient and cost-effective methods for drilling in sedimentary basins. The main challenge is adapting these wells for geothermal energy production. When comparing the cost per foot of drilling in typical sedimentary basins to drilling in granite or igneous rocks, there is a significant cost saving for the geothermal industry. Furthermore, techniques for hydraulic fracturing used in the oil and gas industry can also be applied to geothermal energy production. A prospective way to increase the production of geothermal energy is to utilize known reservoir rocks with storage and flow capacity that allows water or steam cycling in sedimentary basins. These rocks have the appropriate temperature, thickness, porosity, and permeability and are located at depths that do not make the drilling costs too high for the system to be economically viable. This study will explore the unique advantages that Texas's sedimentary basins can bring to the geothermal industry, including electricity generation and direct heat utilization. Some regions of the Texas Gulf Coast have medium-high geothermal gradients, providing the potential for geothermal energy development. Texas's numerous oil and gas wells can support geothermal direct-use projects, as demonstrated by case studies. An analysis of the levelized cost of energy using geothermal gradient data suggests that there are areas with the potential to produce geothermal power at a cost of 14 cents or less per kWh. Geothermal energy has the potential to significantly contribute to Texas's energy supply by providing a clean and renewable source of power to meet energy needs.
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Furtado, Ivan, i Roy Robinson. "Low Temperature Geothermal for Offshore Use". W Offshore Technology Conference. OTC, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4043/32292-ms.
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Abstract Geothermal energy is a baseload power generation system which uses the high temperature of the deep layers below the Earth’s surface. It has traditionally relied on very high temperature wells, usually at temperatures over 180°C, but no less than 100°C (Ref 5). The largest geothermal plant in the US, The Geysers Plant in California, uses steam that is over 250°C (Ref 4). The systems are costly and available locations limited by the depth required to achieve these temperatures. Using organic Rankine cycle technology much lower temperatures can be and are used to generate electricity. Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC) famously runs on a 20°C temperature difference, with the hot side being about 25°C and the cold side being 5°C or colder. This paper will provide a practical design and thermodynamic analysis of a system designed to run at no more than 100°C. This is a temperature that can be encountered at a reasonable depth onshore and offshore. In the Gulf of Mexico many of the legacy reservoirs are hotter than this (Ref 6). Offshore we will also take advantage of the immense heat sink that is the ocean. The system will utilize well derived heat and cold water to run a power cycle. It is expected that low temperature geothermal will be a practical source for offshore baseload power. One possible use is to power oil and gas platforms, which as they transition need green energy. Unlike wind offshore geothermal will not need battery backup, and once the field has played out, geothermal can then be used to supply power to shore or other nearby platforms. Novel/Additive Information: The system will use both novel well configurations and a novel organic Rankine cycle system for power.
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Batir, Joseph F., Emilie N. Gentry i Hamed Soroush. "Geopressured Geothermal – Correlations to Offshore High Pressure High Temperature Geothermal Opportunities". W Offshore Technology Conference. OTC, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4043/32407-ms.
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Abstract The northern Gulf of Mexico basin contains geopressured zones ideal for geothermal energy production, still to be explored. These systems are defined by primarily Eocene to Miocene sands that are confined by shale beds, which facilitates the formation of anomalously high pressures and temperatures. The overpressure in these zones results in an increased geothermal gradient, which makes geopressured zones of interest for geothermal exploration. Resources are commonly found at 3 to 6 km depth and reservoir fluid temperatures can range from 90 to 200°C. There has been a substantial amount of work done to understand these geopressured reservoirs on the Gulf Coast for geothermal potential. Many of these geopressured zones extend and exist offshore in the Gulf of Mexico. The knowledge and technical success of wells completed in these geopressured zones onshore can be transferred to understand how to produce a high pressure high temperature offshore well for geothermal power production. This paper will provide a review of previous work on geopressured geothermal zones in the Gulf Coast, the challenges with these systems, how these were overcome, and the knowledge transfer of those findings for offshore geothermal opportunities in high pressure high temperature wells.
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Pilko, Robert M., Nicole Rita Hart-Wagoner, Andrew J. Van Horn i Joseph A. Scherer. "Repurposing Oil & Gas Wells and Drilling Operations for Geothermal Energy Production". W Offshore Technology Conference. OTC, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4043/31090-ms.
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Abstract This paper explores a market solution for Operators’ companies to compound their investments in wells, fields, and infrastructure in a low carbon world by applying improved well design, drilling and completion technologies that are adapted to a new generation of geothermal energy production systems. The paper frames challenges posed to the upstream industry by the movement to a low carbon economy, including the climate transition risks related to societal, regulatory, and capital allocation trends. It then examines the technical challenges and solutions related to repurposing oil and gas fields and wells for geothermal energy production and makes high-level recommendations for Operators interested in accessing this new market for geothermal energy - as well as satisfying Environmental, Social and Corporate Governance (ESG) investors.
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Nash, Susan Smith, Patrick L. Friend i Marit Brommer. "A Fully Integrated and Updated Geothermal Gradient Atlas of the World". W Offshore Technology Conference. OTC, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4043/32035-ms.
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Abstract Scope The energy transition offers multiple opportunities for traditional energy companies and their geoscience workforce to explore for new types of energy resources. In this paper. we report on new initiatives to develop fully integrated databases using GIS and AI to provide added value and new insights into the world's current and diversified existing data repositories. One such initiative, the Global Heat Flow Database (GHFD), seeks to create a geothermal gradient atlas of the world, combining existing maps and data into a searchable, georeferenced mapping format with layers reflecting temperatures, landforms, geological features, and other information for making decisions about exploring for geothermal energy, and siting and developing geothermal plants and infrastructure. The project scope is global and requires the mining and integration of large modern and archived data sets. We also list several diverse datasets that are complementary to creating a truly global database, and we provide examples of methods and workflows involved in the process of prospecting for geothermal resources and creating geothermal heat flow gradients and maps. Methods The global geothermal gradient atlas involves a team effort by geologists and data scientists to identify, QC, and classify relevant geothermal data from structured and unstructured sources, including public and commercial databases, maps and reports, and other repositories of georeferenced temperature and depth. The processes of combining databases, clean up and QC of data, and incorporation of different functional layers in a GIS system will involve several important steps: 1) creating a uniform standard for managing the data; 2) utilization of platforms that enable data acquisition, ingestion, cleaning, and application of various machine learning algorithms to assure quality and uniformity; and 3) including other useful and related data, which will be available as layers in the GIS system. Results The resulting database will be available as a searchable atlas for industry and academia use, and from which custom maps, studies, and data can be exported. The global geothermal atlas database will adhere to FAIR Data Principles (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, and Reusable). First deliverables will consist of the integrated geothermal gradient temperature and depth data for use with QGIS, ArcGIS or other GIS mapping software. Apps will allow the atlas users to compare the geothermal prospectivity by geographical location, and to rank in terms of amenability to development according to geothermal resource and proximity to end users and conveyance infrastructure. Discrete database layers will include geographic landforms, major infrastructure, and geological information including fault systems and major structural features. Novel information Several aspects make the project unique and differentiate it from others. First, is the fact that state of the art data management and machine learning systems will be used to ingest, classify, clean, and easily access the data. The results will be a geothermal gradient database and atlas that are significantly more accurate than those in use today. Second, is the fact that accessibility and front-end apps will make the data base multi-functional and suitable for a wide range of geothermal applications, including exploration for optimal sources near communities, siting and developing sedimentary and igneous geothermal plants, identifying prospects for shallow as well as deeper geothermal energy generation, and repurposing producing, declining, or abandoned oil and gas wells for use in geothermal energy production.
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Nash, Susan Smith, Patrick L. Friend i Marit Brommer. "A Fully Integrated and Updated Geothermal Gradient Atlas of the World". W Offshore Technology Conference. OTC, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4043/32035-ms.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Abstract Scope The energy transition offers multiple opportunities for traditional energy companies and their geoscience workforce to explore for new types of energy resources. In this paper. we report on new initiatives to develop fully integrated databases using GIS and AI to provide added value and new insights into the world's current and diversified existing data repositories. One such initiative, the Global Heat Flow Database (GHFD), seeks to create a geothermal gradient atlas of the world, combining existing maps and data into a searchable, georeferenced mapping format with layers reflecting temperatures, landforms, geological features, and other information for making decisions about exploring for geothermal energy, and siting and developing geothermal plants and infrastructure. The project scope is global and requires the mining and integration of large modern and archived data sets. We also list several diverse datasets that are complementary to creating a truly global database, and we provide examples of methods and workflows involved in the process of prospecting for geothermal resources and creating geothermal heat flow gradients and maps. Methods The global geothermal gradient atlas involves a team effort by geologists and data scientists to identify, QC, and classify relevant geothermal data from structured and unstructured sources, including public and commercial databases, maps and reports, and other repositories of georeferenced temperature and depth. The processes of combining databases, clean up and QC of data, and incorporation of different functional layers in a GIS system will involve several important steps: 1) creating a uniform standard for managing the data; 2) utilization of platforms that enable data acquisition, ingestion, cleaning, and application of various machine learning algorithms to assure quality and uniformity; and 3) including other useful and related data, which will be available as layers in the GIS system. Results The resulting database will be available as a searchable atlas for industry and academia use, and from which custom maps, studies, and data can be exported. The global geothermal atlas database will adhere to FAIR Data Principles (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, and Reusable). First deliverables will consist of the integrated geothermal gradient temperature and depth data for use with QGIS, ArcGIS or other GIS mapping software. Apps will allow the atlas users to compare the geothermal prospectivity by geographical location, and to rank in terms of amenability to development according to geothermal resource and proximity to end users and conveyance infrastructure. Discrete database layers will include geographic landforms, major infrastructure, and geological information including fault systems and major structural features. Novel information Several aspects make the project unique and differentiate it from others. First, is the fact that state of the art data management and machine learning systems will be used to ingest, classify, clean, and easily access the data. The results will be a geothermal gradient database and atlas that are significantly more accurate than those in use today. Second, is the fact that accessibility and front-end apps will make the data base multi-functional and suitable for a wide range of geothermal applications, including exploration for optimal sources near communities, siting and developing sedimentary and igneous geothermal plants, identifying prospects for shallow as well as deeper geothermal energy generation, and repurposing producing, declining, or abandoned oil and gas wells for use in geothermal energy production.
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Roy, Ting, Kamel Ben Naceur, Manjinder Singh, Daniel Markel, Leonard Harp, Hifzi Ardic, Christian Wilkinson i Indranil Roy. "Design of a 750 °F, 15 K packer for Enhanced Geothermal Systems, Supercritical CO2 - Sequestration and SAGD: Energy Transition Through Technology Synthesis". W Offshore Technology Conference. OTC, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4043/31895-ms.
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Abstract Several technology building blocks are required for the growth of geothermal energy to match what is needed to enable the energy transition. One key technology required in this field is a reliable packer that can withstand the extreme environments frequently seen in geothermal wells: elevated temperatures (750°F/400°C); high differential pressures (up to 15K psi); and extremely corrosive fluids. The authors present a concept which is thought to offer a promising solution to this challenge. It builds upon the wealth of experience obtained by operators designing packers for the oil and gas wells and couples this with advancements in materials processing technology in elastomers, composites, and metals. The presented concept uses the sealing advantages that elastomers are known to offer, with a compound specifically designed by a strategic partner. This elastomer is then surrounded by a layer of flexible gel-insulation of extremely low thermal conductivity to shield it from the intense heat seen in geothermal wells. It is predicted that the elastomer core will see temperatures no higher than 400°F when the surrounding environment is at 750°F. The system is then encased in a Grain Boundary Engineered (GBE) nano-metallic flexible skin material to prevent contact with corrosive fluids. Though the elements are the greatest challenge, the other components of the packer design are also specially designed with material processing techniques tailored to both enhance mechanical properties and corrosion resistance. The technology behind the design is detailed and has been proven. The integrated concepts will be further tested at subcomponent level to show their merit, before integration into a full system for qualification to 750°F, 15K psi.
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Vrålstad, Torbjørn, Ragnhild Skorpa, Nils Opedal, Jelena Todorovic, Nicolaine Agofack i Nguyen-Hieu Hoang. "Cement Sheath Integrity During High Temperature Geothermal Well Operations". W ASME 2021 40th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2021-65116.
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Abstract Development of geothermal energy sources is an important contribution to ensure the “green shift” from fossil fuels to more sustainable sources of energy. Currently, most geothermal wells operate at temperature range of 150–300° C, but development of super-high temperature geothermal reservoirs may be needed to increase power production. However, the high temperature conditions to be found in such wells, up to 400–500 °C, are very challenging and may be detrimental for the integrity of well cement. In this paper, several cement integrity challenges for high temperature geothermal wells are reviewed, such as mechanical failures during well start-up and potential shut-in periods, and long-term issues caused by chemical alterations of the cement during high temperature exposure. Experimental tests have been performed with two different, potential geothermal well cement systems: a Portland-based system with silica flour and MicroSilica as additives, and a non-Portland, calcium aluminate cement system. For both cement systems, high temperature ageing tests have been performed at 500 °C for 8 weeks, where unconfined mechanical properties were determined before and after exposure. Furthermore, down-scaled tests of radial crack formation in casing-cement-rock samples have been performed, as simplified functions tests of cement sheath integrity during well start-up.
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McGregor, Andrew, Marc Willerth i Nishant Agarwal. "Optimizing Wellbore Trajectories for Closed Loop Geothermal Operations". W SPE Offshore Europe Conference & Exhibition. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/205450-ms.
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Abstract One emerging application in geothermal energy is that of closed-loop systems, where two laterals are intersected so that a working fluid can be pumped down one wellhead and up another. These solutions are attractive because they do not rely on the natural permeability of a formation or a reservoir of heated water already in place, they simply require a high enough downhole temperature. While a great deal of discussion exists on wellbore intersection, most applications are by their nature heavily constrained by tight geologic requirements (e.g. coal-bed methane) or have one wellbore trajectory rigidly defined (e.g. relief well drilling). These intersection operations require extensive use of specialized ranging technologies and control drilling at the intersection point which can be time-consuming. Closed-loop geothermal presents a unique opportunity, with relatively few constraints to satisfy (e.g. target depth, lateral length). This study uses this freedom in trajectory design and quantifies the extent that various wellbore positioning techniques can increase the probability of intersection while minimizing the need for ranging workflows. A baseline scenario is described, with wells originating from differing pad locations, drilling with standard practices and active magnetic ranging. Using Monte Carlo techniques, the probability of successful intercept is evaluated for alternate trajectory combinations and compared to the baseline. These include well pairs originating from the same pad and pairs from differing pad locations. Major factors contributing to relative survey errors are identified and the impact of uncertainty reducing techniques are explored for each trajectory type. Techniques include survey corrections, variation of the trajectory profiles, incidence angle at intersection, and the use of alternative solutions to control relative vertical uncertainty. For each scenario, the probability of intercept was evaluated for cases without using ranging tools and for both passive and active ranging technologies. A cost-benefit comparison is conducted, and an optimal combination of factors is identified. For the baseline scenario, low probabilities of collision imply that extensive use of ranging is required for a successful operation. Positional uncertainty reduction techniques and multiple target intervals can greatly increase the collision probability and reduce the need for ranging. Of importance to increasing the probability of successful interception are techniques that maximize the uncertainty reduction along a single axis (e.g. the vertical plane). This enables a "sweep" across the other plane to achieve intersection. Value provided by additional uncertainty reduction techniques depends on the assumed costs of drilling additional footage, performing ranging operations, and rig spread rate. The application of sophisticated wellbore positioning techniques at scale to the closed-loop geothermal problem has not been previously explored. The relatively low number of constraints compared to traditional wellbore intersections enables strategies not otherwise available for successful project construction.
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Robinson, Roy, Georg Englemann i Kent Saterlee. "Repurposing Gulf of Mexico Oil and Gas Facilities for the Blue Economy". W Offshore Technology Conference. OTC, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4043/31940-ms.
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Abstract This paper presents a summary of the results of a study of the potential for repurposing legacy oil and gas facilities in the Gulf of Mexico for Blue Economy uses. It was a limited study designed to summarize practical options for repurposing. The conclusions list those areas where further modeling or studies are warranted and required with the objective being to build an integrated modeling tool to assist companies, government agencies, and NGO's in assessing the benefits and risks for repurposing specific facilities. 30CFR 585J can be used to expedite permitting the deployment of renewable energy in the Gulf of Mexico. This regulation specifically is written to allow addition of renewable energy and other marine activities on to existing oil and gas leases and is written broadly enough it can be applied to other Blue Economy activities. For the transition to occur the current policy of removing non-producing assets must be stopped. These facilities, providing they are still in good repair, can be a tremendous asset that can accelerate the decarbonization of the Gulf Coast Region, and become the basis for an industrial transition that will create more employment and value than even the peak of offshore oil and gas. The Gulf of Mexico has an excellent offshore renewable energy potential. NREL places the total Gross Resource available at 2000GW and the Technical (recoverable) resource at 500GW. Neither value includes geothermal, and because of the conservative way the NREL calculates the resources the actual potential is at least twice as large. The DOE study, summarized in this paper, provides detailed answer to the following questions: What is the potential value of legacy platforms, wells, and pipelines to renewable energy and Blue Economy activities? What renewable energy systems are economically viable in the Gulf of Mexico and can be deployed safely on existing leases? What Blue Economy industries can be facilitated by using legacy assets in the Gulf of Mexico? Who can apply for and what is the process for repurposing existing assets or adding new assets to existing leases? What are the benefits to the current owners, the Gulf Coast Region, and environment? Finally, the paper provides the outline of a process that stakeholders can use to evaluate individual existing facilities for potential use in building a Blue Industrial base in the Gulf of Mexico.
Raporty organizacyjne na temat "Offshore geothermal energy system"
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Ennis, Brandon Lee, i D. Todd Griffith. System Levelized Cost of Energy Analysis for Floating Offshore Vertical-Axis Wind Turbines. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), sierpień 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1466530.
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Beiter, Philipp C., Jessica K. Lau, Joshua E. Novacheck, Qing Yu, Gordon W. Stephen, Jennie L. Jorgenson, Walter D. Musial i Eric J. Lantz. The Potential Impact of Offshore Wind Energy on a Future Power System in the U.S. Northeast. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), styczeń 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1596257.
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Blackketter, Donald. A Demonstration System for Capturing Geothermal Energy from Mine Waters beneath Butte, Montana. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), czerwiec 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1206629.
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Mai, Trieu, Matt Mowers, Philipp Beiter, Anthony Lopez i Patrick Brown. The Determinants of Offshore Wind's Role in a Future U.S. Energy System: A Preliminary Modeling Sensitivity Analysis. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), maj 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1869691.
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Guidati, Gianfranco, i Domenico Giardini. Joint synthesis “Geothermal Energy” of the NRP “Energy”. Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF), luty 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.46446/publication_nrp70_nrp71.2020.4.en.
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Near-to-surface geothermal energy with heat pumps is state of the art and is already widespread in Switzerland. In the future energy system, medium-deep to deep geothermal energy (1 to 6 kilometres) will, in addition, play an important role. To the forefront is the supply of heat for buildings and industrial processes. This form of geothermal energy utilisation requires a highly permeable underground area that allows a fluid – usually water – to absorb the naturally existing rock heat and then transport it to the surface. Sedimentary rocks are usually permeable by nature, whereas for granites and gneisses permeability must be artificially induced by injecting water. The heat gained in this way increases in line with the drilling depth: at a depth of 1 kilometre, the underground temperature is approximately 40°C, while at a depth of 3 kilometres it is around 100°C. To drive a steam turbine for the production of electricity, temperatures of over 100°C are required. As this requires greater depths of 3 to 6 kilometres, the risk of seismicity induced by the drilling also increases. Underground zones are also suitable for storing heat and gases, such as hydrogen or methane, and for the definitive storage of CO2. For this purpose, such zones need to fulfil similar requirements to those applicable to heat generation. In addition, however, a dense top layer is required above the reservoir so that the gas cannot escape. The joint project “Hydropower and geo-energy” of the NRP “Energy” focused on the question of where suitable ground layers can be found in Switzerland that optimally meet the requirements for the various uses. A second research priority concerned measures to reduce seismicity induced by deep drilling and the resulting damage to buildings. Models and simulations were also developed which contribute to a better understanding of the underground processes involved in the development and use of geothermal resources. In summary, the research results show that there are good conditions in Switzerland for the use of medium-deep geothermal energy (1 to 3 kilometres) – both for the building stock and for industrial processes. There are also grounds for optimism concerning the seasonal storage of heat and gases. In contrast, the potential for the definitive storage of CO2 in relevant quantities is rather limited. With respect to electricity production using deep geothermal energy (> 3 kilometres), the extent to which there is potential to exploit the underground economically is still not absolutely certain. In this regard, industrially operated demonstration plants are urgently needed in order to boost acceptance among the population and investors.
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Copping, Andrea E., i Luke A. Hanna. Screening Analysis for the Environmental Risk Evaluation System Fiscal Year 2011 Report Environmental Effects of Offshore Wind Energy. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), listopad 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1087289.
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Alshareef, Ahmed. Technology Assessment Model of Developing Geothermal Energy Resources for Supporting Electrical System: The Case for Oregon. Portland State University Library, styczeń 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/etd.5399.
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Zody, Zachary, i Viktoria Gisladottir. Shallow geothermal technology, opportunities in cold regions, and related data for deployment at Fort Wainwright. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), marzec 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/46672.
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The DoD considers improving Arctic capabilities critical (DoD 2019; HQDA 2021). Deployment of shallow geothermal energy systems at cold regions installations provides opportunity to increase thermal energy resilience by lessening dependence on fuel supply and supporting installations’ NetZero transitions. Deployment can be leveraged across facilities, for ex-ample using Fort Wainwright metrics for implementation of geothermal in cold region bases. Fort Wainwright is an extreme case of heating dominant loads owing to harsh conditions in Alaska, making it ideal for proving feasibility in most heating dominant installations. Proven feasibility and potential mass deployment will help reduce emissions and increase resilience across the DoD cold region network. This report introduces the shallow geothermal energy and storage technology combination that would best fit demonstration in Alaska. Focus is on leveraging shallow, low-temperature geothermal for the development of a larger geothermal district heating and cooling (GDHC) system with underground thermal energy storage (UTES) and geothermal heat exchangers (GHX). Such systems are proven in cooling dominant climates, and individual components are proven in heating dominant climates, but deployment of a larger system in a heating dominant climate is not well established. Deployment at Fort Wainwright would represent an improvement in the technology.