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Gotowa bibliografia na temat „Ocean bottom – Remote-sensing maps”

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Data publikacji: 4 czerwca 2021
Data aktualizacji: 7 lutego 2022

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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat "Ocean bottom – Remote-sensing maps"

1

Frezzotti, Massimo. "Glaciological study in Terra Nova Bay, Antarctica, inferred from remote sensing analysis". Annals of Glaciology 17 (1993): 63–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0260305500012623.

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Analysis of satellite images (Landsat 1 MSS, 4 TM and SPOT 1 XS), of U.S. Navy aerial photographs (TMA) and of U.S.G.S. maps has made it possible to assess a number of parameters relating to the surface dynamics (between 1956 and 1990) of eight ice tongues and of two ice shelves in the Terra Nova Bay area. The study shows that between 1960–63 and 1972–73 there was a decided decrease in the areas of some of the tongues and shelves: −53 km2 for the Aviator Glacier Tongue and −124 km2 for the Nansen Ice Sheet. On the other hand, the areas generally increased in the period 1972–73 to 1988. An exception to this situation is the small Hells Gate ice shelf whose area diminished by 1.15 km2 between 1956–57 and 1988. The calculated surface velocity of the ice tongues shows that they increase from the grounding line to their outer limit. Values of longitudinal strain rate generally increase from the grounding line to just after the start of the ice tongue, after which they diminsh proceeding towards its outer limit. Integration of the areal values with radio-echo sounding data has enabled the ice discharges of the southern flow of the David Glacier (12km3a−1) and of the Aviator Glacier Tongue (0.62 km3 a−1) to be calculated. Furthermore, on the basis of the data available, basal melting values of between 25 cm a−1 and 100 cm a−1 are deduced for these two ice tongues, and bottom freezing values of 20 cm a−1 for the Drygalski Ice Tongue. Different spectral responses of the glacial areas have made it possible to discriminate ablation areas from those of accumulation and to differentiate various typologies of ice (glacier ice, melt lake ice, and sea ice formed at the ice shelf-ocean interface).
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Frezzotti, Massimo. "Glaciological study in Terra Nova Bay, Antarctica, inferred from remote sensing analysis". Annals of Glaciology 17 (1993): 63–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.3189/s0260305500012623.

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Analysis of satellite images (Landsat 1 MSS, 4 TM and SPOT 1 XS), of U.S. Navy aerial photographs (TMA) and of U.S.G.S. maps has made it possible to assess a number of parameters relating to the surface dynamics (between 1956 and 1990) of eight ice tongues and of two ice shelves in the Terra Nova Bay area. The study shows that between 1960–63 and 1972–73 there was a decided decrease in the areas of some of the tongues and shelves: −53 km2 for the Aviator Glacier Tongue and −124 km2 for the Nansen Ice Sheet. On the other hand, the areas generally increased in the period 1972–73 to 1988. An exception to this situation is the small Hells Gate ice shelf whose area diminished by 1.15 km2 between 1956–57 and 1988. The calculated surface velocity of the ice tongues shows that they increase from the grounding line to their outer limit. Values of longitudinal strain rate generally increase from the grounding line to just after the start of the ice tongue, after which they diminsh proceeding towards its outer limit. Integration of the areal values with radio-echo sounding data has enabled the ice discharges of the southern flow of the David Glacier (12km3a−1) and of the Aviator Glacier Tongue (0.62 km3 a−1) to be calculated. Furthermore, on the basis of the data available, basal melting values of between 25 cm a−1 and 100 cm a−1 are deduced for these two ice tongues, and bottom freezing values of 20 cm a−1 for the Drygalski Ice Tongue. Different spectral responses of the glacial areas have made it possible to discriminate ablation areas from those of accumulation and to differentiate various typologies of ice (glacier ice, melt lake ice, and sea ice formed at the ice shelf-ocean interface).
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Arnold, S. R., D. V. Spracklen, J. Williams, N. Yassaa, J. Sciare, B. Bonsang, V. Gros i in. "Evaluation of the global oceanic isoprene source and its impacts on marine organic carbon aerosol". Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 8, nr 4 (27.08.2008): 16445–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-8-16445-2008.

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Abstract. We have combined the first satellite maps of the global distribution of phytoplankton functional type and new measurements of phytoplankton-specific isoprene productivities, with available remote marine isoprene observations and a global model, to evaluate our understanding of the marine isoprene source and its impacts on organic aerosol abundances. Using satellite products to scale up data on phytoplankton-specific isoprene productivity to the global oceans, we infer a mean "bottom-up" oceanic isoprene emission of 0.31±0.08 (1 σ) Tg/yr. By minimising the mean bias between the model and isoprene observations in the marine atmosphere remote from the continents, we produce a "top-down" oceanic isoprene source estimate of 1.9 Tg/yr. We suggest our reliance on limited atmospheric isoprene data, and limited knowledge of isoprene productivity across the broad range of phytoplankton communities in the oceans as contributors to this difference between the two estimates. Inclusion of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) production from oceanic isoprene in the model with a 2% yield produces small contributions (0.01–1.6%) to observed organic carbon (OC) aerosol mass at three remote marine sites in the Northern and Southern Hemispheres. In addition, we find the seasonal cycle of the isoprene SOA source is out of phase with the observed cycle in OC in the remote Southern Ocean. Based on these findings we suggest an insignificant role for isoprene in modulating remote marine aerosol abundances, giving further support to a recently postulated primary OC source in the remote marine atmosphere.
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de Lavergne, Casimir, Gurvan Madec, Julien Le Sommer, A. J. George Nurser i Alberto C. Naveira Garabato. "On the Consumption of Antarctic Bottom Water in the Abyssal Ocean". Journal of Physical Oceanography 46, nr 2 (luty 2016): 635–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jpo-d-14-0201.1.

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AbstractThe abyssal ocean is primarily filled by cold, dense waters formed around Antarctica and collectively referred to as Antarctic Bottom Water (AABW). At steady state, AABW must be consumed in the ocean interior at the same rate it is produced, but how and where this consumption is achieved remains poorly understood. Here, estimates of abyssal water mass transformation by geothermal heating and parameterized internal wave–driven mixing are presented. This study uses maps of the energy input to internal waves by tidal and geostrophic motions interacting with topography combined with assumptions about the distribution of energy dissipation to evaluate dianeutral transports induced by breaking internal tides and lee waves. Geothermal transformation is assessed based on a map of geothermal heat fluxes. Under the hypotheses underlying the constructed climatologies of buoyancy fluxes, the authors calculate that locally dissipating internal tides and geothermal heating contribute, respectively, about 8 and 5 Sverdrups (Sv; 1 Sv ≡ 106 m3 s−1) of AABW consumption (upwelling), mostly north of 30°S. In contrast, parameterized lee wave–driven mixing causes significant transformation only in the Southern Ocean, where it forms about 3 Sv of AABW, decreasing the mean density but enhancing the northward flow of abyssal waters. The possible role of remotely dissipating internal tides in complementing AABW consumption is explored based on idealized distributions of mixing energy. Depending mostly on the chosen vertical structure, such mixing could drive 1 to 28 Sv of additional AABW upwelling, highlighting the need to better constrain the spatial distribution of remote dissipation. Though they carry large uncertainties, these climatological transformation estimates shed light on the qualitative functioning and key unknowns of the diabatic overturning.
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Hofmann, Andreas F., Peter M. Walz, Hans Thomas, Edward T. Peltzer i Peter G. Brewer. "High-Resolution Topography-Following Chemical Mapping of Ocean Hypoxia by Use of an Autonomous Underwater Vehicle: The Santa Monica Basin Example". Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology 30, nr 11 (1.11.2013): 2630–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jtech-d-12-00249.1.

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Abstract This paper reports on the execution of a combined chemical sensing/high-resolution terrain-following autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) survey to explore the fine structure and functional boundaries of the Santa Monica Basin suboxic zone and its relationship to topography. An AUV mapping vehicle is used in a novel configuration—combining the mapping vehicle tail section, with precision inertial navigation and acoustic communications systems, with CTD/O2, NO3 sensing, and Gulper water sampling systems. The challenge was to perform a long-distance near-bottom physical/chemical survey in deep water without any intermediate surfacing to disrupt the survey or require the vehicle to surface in areas of heavy ship traffic. Some 210 km of AUV cruise track at ≈10 m above bottom were accomplished during a 3-day survey. The dissolved oxygen concentration [O2] data are combined with temperature T, salinity S, and hydrostatic pressure P to produce maps of oxygen partial pressure pO2 that help define the limits at which the oceanic supply of O2 can match the O2 demands required to sustain various forms of marine life. The chemical NO3 sensing was included to define the critical pO2 boundary at which NO3 reduction occurs. The combination of a high-resolution terrain-following AUV with chemical sensors is important for a diverse array of investigations, including the study of vent sites, and for locating the source of chemical signals originating from the seafloor. The hypoxic basin example here permits better discrimination between general climate/circulation controls on hypoxia and more specific point-source-driven processes.
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Specht, Cezary, Emilian Świtalski i Mariusz Specht. "Application of an Autonomous/Unmanned Survey Vessel (ASV/USV) in Bathymetric Measurements". Polish Maritime Research 24, nr 3 (1.09.2017): 36–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pomr-2017-0088.

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AbstractThe accuracy of bathymetric maps, especially in the coastal zone, is very important from the point of view of safety of navigation and transport. Due to the continuous change in shape of the seabed, these maps are fast becoming outdated for precise navigation. Therefore, it is necessary to perform periodical bathymetric measurements to keep them updated on a current basis. At present, none of the institutions in Poland (maritime offices, Hydrographic Office of the Polish Navy) which are responsible for implementation of this type of measurements has at their disposal a hydrographic vessel capable of carrying out measurements for shallow waters (at depths below 1 m). This results in emergence of large areas for which no measurement data have been obtained and, consequently, the maps in the coastal zones are rather unreliable.The article presents the concept of bathymetric measurements for shallow waters with the use of an autonomous, unmanned survey vessel (ASV/USV). For this purpose, the authors modernized a typical ASV/USV unit with standard radio remote control system to the fully autonomous mode. As part of the modernization, the route planning software was created. The developed software works based on, alternatively, GNSS measurements of the coastline, or satellite images. The system was supplemented by an own autopilot (adapted for flying drones). Moreover, the method of controlling electric motors was changed thanks to the use of own electronic circuit.The modernized ASV/USV measuring system was verified by performing bathymetric measurements of the retention reservoir in Gdansk, Poland. Then, the obtained measurement data were used to create a digital bottom model and a bathymetric map of the reservoir.
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Wason, Haneet, Felix Oghenekohwo i Felix J. Herrmann. "Low-cost time-lapse seismic with distributed compressive sensing — Part 2: Impact on repeatability". GEOPHYSICS 82, nr 3 (1.05.2017): P15—P30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/geo2016-0252.1.

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Irregular or off-the-grid spatial sampling of sources and receivers is inevitable in field seismic acquisitions. Consequently, time-lapse surveys become particularly expensive because current practices aim to replicate densely sampled surveys for monitoring changes occurring in the reservoir due to hydrocarbon production. We have determined that under certain circumstances, high-quality prestack data can be obtained from cheap randomized subsampled measurements that are observed from nonreplicated surveys. We extend our time-jittered marine acquisition to time-lapse surveys by designing acquisition on irregular spatial grids that render simultaneous, subsampled, and irregular measurements. Using the fact that different time-lapse data share information and that nonreplicated surveys add information when prestack data are recovered jointly, we recover periodic densely sampled and colocated prestack data by adapting the recovery method to incorporate a regularization operator that maps traces from an irregular spatial grid to a regular periodic grid. The recovery method is, therefore, a combined operation of regularization, interpolation (estimating missing fine-grid traces from subsampled coarse-grid data), and source separation (unraveling overlapping shot records). By relaxing the insistence on replicability between surveys, we find that recovery of the time-lapse difference shows little variability for realistic field scenarios of slightly nonreplicated surveys that suffer from unavoidable natural deviations in spatial sampling of shots (or receivers) and pragmatic compressed-sensing-based nonreplicated surveys when compared with the “ideal” scenario of exact replicability between surveys. Moreover, the recovered densely sampled prestack baseline and monitor data improve significantly when the acquisitions are not replicated, and hence they can serve as input to extract poststack attributes used to compute time-lapse differences. Our observations are based on experiments conducted for an ocean-bottom cable survey acquired with time-jittered continuous recording assuming source equalization (or the same source signature) for the time-lapse surveys and no changes in wave heights, water column velocities or temperature, and salinity profiles.
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Bunchuk, A. V., i A. N. Ivakin. "Remote acoustic sensing of manganese nodules on the ocean bottom". Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 95, nr 5 (maj 1994): 2802–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.409758.

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Greene, Chad A., i Preston S. Wilson. "Toward passive acoustic remote sensing of ocean‐bottom gas seeps." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 127, nr 3 (marzec 2010): 1938. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.3384877.

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Reichstetter, Martina, Peter Fearns, Scarla Weeks, Lachlan McKinna, Chris Roelfsema i Miles Furnas. "Bottom Reflectance in Ocean Color Satellite Remote Sensing for Coral Reef Environments". Remote Sensing 7, nr 12 (9.12.2015): 16756–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs71215852.

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Rozprawy doktorskie na temat "Ocean bottom – Remote-sensing maps"

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Baxter, Katrina. "Linking seafloor mapping and ecological models to improve classification of marine habitats : opportunities and lessons learnt in the Recherche Archipelago, Western Australia". University of Western Australia. School of Plant Biology, 2008. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2008.0181.

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[Truncated abstract] Spatially explicit marine habitat data is required for effective resource planning and management across large areas, although mapped boundaries typically lack rigour in explaining what factors influence habitat distributions. Accurate, quantitative methods are needed. In this thesis I aimed to assess the utility of ecological models to determine what factors limit the spatial extent of marine habitats. I assessed what types of modeling methods were able to produce the most accurate predictions and what influenced model results. To achieve this, initially a broad scale marine habitat survey was undertaken in the Recherche Archipelago, on the south coast of Western Australia using video and sidescan sonar. Broad and more detailed functional habitats types were mapped for 1054km2 of the Archipelago. Broad habitats included high and low profile reefs, sand, seagrass and extensive rhodolith beds, although considerable variation could be identified from video within these broad types. Different densities of seagrass were identified and reefs were dominated by macroalgae, filter feeder communities, or a combination of both. Geophysical characteristics (depth, substrate, relief) and dominant benthic biota were recorded and then modelled using decision trees and a combination of generalised additive models (GAMs) and generalised linear models (GLMs) to determine the factors influencing broad and functional habitat variation. Models were developed for the entire Archipelago (n=2769) and a subset of data in Esperance Bay (n=797), which included exposure to wave conditions (mean maximum wave height and mean maximum shear stress) calculated from oceanographic models. Additional distance variables from the mainland and islands were also derived and used as model inputs for both datasets. Model performance varied across habitats, with no one method better than the other in terms of overall model accuracy for each habitat type, although prevalent classes (>20%) such as high profile reefs with macroalgae and dense seagrass were the most reliable (Area Under the Curve >0.7). ... This highlighted not only issues of data prevalence, but also how ecological models can be used to test the reliability of classification schemes. Care should be taken when mapping predicted habitat occurrence with broad habitat models. It should not be assumed that all habitats within the type will be defined spatially, as this may result in the distribution of distinctive and unique habitats such as filterfeeders being underestimated or not identified at all. More data is needed to improve prediction of these habitats. Despite the limitations identified, the results provide direction for future field sampling to ensure appropriate variables are sampled and classification schemes are carefully designed to improve descriptions of habitat distributions. Reliable habitat models that make ecological sense will assist future assessments of biodiversity within habitats as well as provide improved data on the probability of habitat occurrence. This data and the methods developed will be a valuable resource for reserve selection models that prioritise sites for management and planning of marine protected areas.
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Umbert, Ceresuela Marta. "Exploiting the multiscale synergy among ocean variables : application to the improvement of remote sensing salinity maps". Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/321115.

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Les imatges de teledetecció de la superfície oceànica proporcionen una vista sinòptica de la complexa geometria de la circulació oceànica, dominada per la variabilitat de mesoescala. Estructures com filaments i vòrtex són presents en els diferents escalars advectats pel flux oceànic. L’origen més probable d’aquestes estructures és el caràcter turbulent dels corrents, aquestes estructures són persistents amb el temps i compatibles amb la dinàmica mesoscalar oceànica. A escales espacials de quilòmetres o més, la turbulència és principalment 2D, i una complexa geometria, plena de filaments i remolins de mides diferents, emergeix en les imatges superficials de teledetecció de concentració de clorofil·la-a, salinitat superficial, així com en altres escalars més coneguts com són la temperatura superficial i la topografia dinàmica. L’objectiu d’aquesta tesi és explorar i aplicar metodologies de mapatge que permeten millorar la qualitat de mapes de teledetecció oceànica en general, i en particular de la salinitat superficial del mar (SSS). Les diferents metodologies emprades en aquesta tesi han estat aplicades amb l’objectiu específic de millorar els mapes de teledetecció de salinitat superficial del mar proveïts per la missió SMOS de l’Agència Espaial Europea. SMOS és el primer satèl·lit capaç de mesurar la humitat del sol i salinitat oceànica des de l’espai a escala global. La primera part d’aquesta tesi se centra a analitzar les característiques dels productes de nivell 2 (L2) de salinitat de SMOS i produir mapes de nivell 3 (L3) de salinitat utilitzant aproximacions clàssiques: millora del filtratge, mitjana ponderada i Interpolació Òptima. En el curs de la nostra recerca obtenim un conjunt de recomanacions de com processar les dades de SMOS començant des del nivell L2. Aquesta tesi també presenta una nova tècnica de fusió de dades que permet explotar les estructures turbulentes comunes entre diferents variables oceàniques, representant un pas endavant en la cadena de processat per generar mapes de nivell 4 (L4). Aquesta tècnica de fusió es basa teòricament en les propietats geomètriques dels traçadors advectats per la dinàmica oceànica (Turiel et al., 2005a). Degut a l’efecte de forta cissalla als fluits turbulents, l’estructura espacial d’un traçador oceànic hereta algunes propietats del flux subjacent, i en particular el seu arranjament geomètric. Com a conseqüència, les diferents variables oceàniques mostren propietats d’escala similars a la cascada d’energia turbulenta (Seuront and Schmitt, 2005; Nieves et al., 2007; Nieves and Turiel, 2009; Isern-Fontanet et al., 2007). El mètode de fusió agafa un senyal de menor qualitat (afectat per soroll, forats de dades i/o de resolució més baixa) i en millora la seva qualitat. A més d’això, el mètode de fusió és capaç d’extrapolar les dades de forma geofísicament coherent. Aquesta millora del senyal s’aconsegueix utilitzant una altra variable oceànica adquirida amb major qualitat, cobertura espacial més gran i/o millor resolució. Un punt clau d’aquesta aproximació és la suposició de l’existència d’una estructura multifractal de les imatges de teledetecció oceànica (Lovejoy et al., 2001b), i que les línies de singularitat de les diferents variables de l’oceà coincideixen. Sota aquestes premises, els gradients de les dues variables a fusionar estan relacionats per una matriu suau. Com a primera i simple aproximació, s’assumeix que aquesta matriu és proporcional a la identitat; això porta a un esquema de regressió lineal local. Aquesta tesi mostra que aquesta aproximació senzilla permet reduir l’error i millorar la cobertura del producte de nivell 4 resultant. D’altra banda, s’obté informació sobre la relació estadística entre les dues variables fusionades, ja que la dependència funcional entre elles es determina per cada punt de la imatge.
Remote sensing imagery of the ocean surface provides a synoptic view of the complex geometry of ocean circulation, which is dominated by mesoscale variability. The signature of filaments and vortices is present in different ocean scalars advected by the oceanic flow. The most probable origin of the observed structures is the turbulent character of ocean currents, and those signatures are persistent over time scales compatible with ocean mesoscale dynamics. At spatial scales of kilometers or more, turbulence is mainly 2D, and a complex geometry, full of filaments and eddies of different sizes, emerges in remote sensing images of surface chlorophyll-a concentration and surface salinity, as well as in other scalars acquired with higher quality such as surface temperature and absolute dynamic topography. The aim of this thesis is to explore and apply mapping methodologies to improve the quality of remote sensing maps in general, but focusing in the case of remotely sensed sea surface salinity (SSS) data. The different methodologies studied in this thesis have been applied with the specific goal of improving surface salinity maps generated from data acquired by the European Space Agency's mission SMOS, the first satellite able to measure soil moisture and ocean salinity from space at a global scale. The first part of this thesis will introduce the characteristics of the operational SMOS Level 2 (L2) SSS products and the classical approaches to produce the best possible SSS maps at Level 3 (L3), namely data filtering, weighted average and Optimal Interpolation. In the course of our research we will obtain a set of recommendations about how to process SMOS data starting from L2 data. A fusion technique designed to exploit the common turbulent signatures between different ocean variables is also explored in this thesis, in what represents a step forward from L3 to Level 4 (L4). This fusion technique is theoretically based on the geometrical properties of advected tracers. Due to the effect of the strong shear in turbulent flows, the spatial structure of tracers inherit some properties of the underlying flow and, in particular, its geometrical arrangement. As a consequence, different ocean variables exhibit scaling properties, similar to the turbulent energy cascade. The fusion method takes a signal affected by noise, data gaps and/or low resolution, and improves it in a geophysically meaningful way. This signal improvement is achieved by using an appropriate data, which is another ocean variable acquired with higher quality, greater spatial coverage and/or finer resolution. A key point in this approach is the assumption of the existence of a multifractal structure in ocean images, and that singularity lines of the different ocean variables coincide. Under these assumptions, the horizontal gradients of both variables, signal and template, can be related by a smooth matrix. The first, simplest approach to exploit such an hypothesis assumes that the relating matrix is proportional to the identity, leading to a local regression scheme. As shown in the thesis, this simple approach allows reducing the error and improving the coverage of the resulting Level 4 product; Moreover, information about the statistical relationship between the two fields is obtained since the functional dependence between signal and template is determined at each point.
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Siemes, Kerstin. "Establishing a sea bottom model by applying a multi-sensor acoustic remote sensing approach". Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209381.

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Detailed information about the oceanic environment is essential for many applications in the field of marine geology, marine biology, coastal engineering, and marine operations. Especially, knowledge of the properties of the sediment body is often required. Acoustic remote sensing techniques have become highly attractive for classifying the sea bottom and for mapping the sediment properties, due to their high coverage capabilities and low costs compared to common sampling methods. In the last decades, a number of different acoustic devices and related techniques for analyzing their signals have evolved. Each sensor has its specific application due to limitations in the frequency range and resolution. In practice, often a single acoustic tool is chosen based on the current application, supported by other non-acoustic data where required. However, different acoustic remote sensing techniques can supplement each other, as shown in this thesis. Even more, a combination of complementary approaches can contribute to the proper understanding of sound propagation, which is essential when using sound for environmental classification purposes. This includes the knowledge of the relation between acoustics and sediment properties, the focus of this thesis. Providing a detailed three dimensional picture of the sea bottom sediments that allows for gaining maximum insight into this relation is aimed at.

Chapters 4 and 5 are adapted from published work, with permission:

DOI:10.1121/1.3569718 (link: http://asadl.org/jasa/resource/1/jasman/v129/i5/p2878_s1) and

DOI:10.1109/JOE.2010.2066711 (link: http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/articleDetails.jsp?tp=&arnumber=5618582&queryText%3Dsiemes)

In reference to IEEE copyrighted material which is used with permission in this thesis, the IEEE does not endorse any of the Université libre de Bruxelles' products or services.


Doctorat en Sciences de l'ingénieur
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

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Nguyen, Phu Duy. "Physics Based Approach for Seafloor Classification". PDXScholar, 2017. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/4060.

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The seafloor properties are of high importance for many applications such as marine biology, oil and gas exploration, laying cables, dredging operations and off-shore construction. Several approaches exist to classify the properties of the seabed. These include taking direct samples of the seabed (e.g., coring), however, these methods are costly and slow. Underwater acoustic remote sensing techniques are of interest because they are lower cost and faster. The information about the seabed properties can be extracted by studying the energy of single beam echo sounders (SBES). This can be done by either phenomenological or numerical methods [1], [2]. This research investigates a numerical, model-data fitting method using a high frequency backscattering model developed by Jackson et al [3]. In this "inversion modeling" method, the matching process between the model and average echo envelope provides information about the sediment parameters, namely the sediment mean grain size (Mz) as the indicator of the seabed type, spectral parameter (W2) as the indicator of seabed roughness and normalized sediment volume parameter σ2 as the indicator of the scattering due to sediment inhomogeneities.
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Muzi, Lanfranco. "Advances in Autonomous-Underwater-Vehicle Based Passive Bottom-Loss Estimation by Processing of Marine Ambient Noise". PDXScholar, 2015. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/2612.

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Accurate modeling of acoustic propagation in the ocean waveguide is important to SONAR-performance prediction, and requires, particularly in shallow water environments, characterizing the bottom reflection loss with a precision that databank-based modeling cannot achieve. Recent advances in the technology of autonomous underwater vehicles (AUV) make it possible to envision a survey system for seabed characterization composed of a short array mounted on a small AUV. The bottom power reflection coefficient (and the related reflection loss) can be estimated passively by beamforming the naturally occurring marine ambient-noise acoustic field recorded by a vertical line array of hydrophones. However, the reduced array lengths required by small AUV deployment can hinder the process, due to the inherently poor angular resolution. In this dissertation, original data-processing techniques are presented which, by introducing into the processing chain knowledge derived from physics, can improve the performance of short arrays in this particular task. Particularly, the analysis of a model of the ambient-noise spatial coherence function leads to the development of a new proof of the result at the basis of the bottom reflection-loss estimation technique. The proof highlights some shortcomings inherent in the beamforming operation so far used in this technique. A different algorithm is then proposed, which removes the problem achieving improved performance. Furthermore, another technique is presented that uses data from higher frequencies to estimate the noise spatial coherence function at a lower frequency, for sensor spacing values beyond the physical length of the array. By "synthesizing" a longer array, the angular resolution of the bottom-loss estimate can be improved, often making use of data at frequencies above the array design frequency, otherwise not utilized for beamforming. The proposed algorithms are demonstrated both in simulation and on real data acquired during several experimental campaigns.
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LOUAHALA, SAM. "Signatures spectrales de roches en milieu tempere : valeurs reelles et valeurs percues par le satellite". Paris 7, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA077109.

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Etude automatique des donnees de teledetection multispectrale pour la cartographie en provence a partir de mesures spectroradiometriques qui donnent les caracteristiques spectrales de surfaces rocheuses naturelles. Le role de la rugosite sur les mesures de reflectance est mis en evidence a partir de mesures realisees sur des plages de galets de granulometrie differentes, il est confirme par simulation numerique. Une comparaison entre mesures au sols et mesures satellitaires est effectuee afin d'evaluer les corrections atmospheriques necessaires pour des petites cibles. Une methode de reduction des variations d'eclairement des cibles est testee. Des ameliorations de resolution spectrale ne peuvent etre envisagee sans amelioration de resolution spatiale
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Abou, Karaki Najib. "Synthese et carte sismotectonique des pays de la bordure orientale de la mediterranee : sismicite du systeme de failles du jourdain-mer morte". Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987STR13067.

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Realisation d'une carte sismotectonique (echelle 1:1 000 000) fondee sur la sismicite historique et instrumentale, la tectonique active, le volcanisme et les aspects geophysiques. Cette carte, concue sur support numerique, est evolutive et modifiable en temps reel. Les premiers mecanismes focaux de la zone du golfe d'aquaba et des failles du carmel sont proposes, accompagnes des relocalisations des trois crises recentes dans cette zone. Une distribution epicentrale en anneau de sismicite est mise en evidence dans la partie centrale de la vallee du jourdain. Les taux de recurrence pour les segments de la faille du jourdain sont calcules. On met l'accent sur les erreurs chronologiques, de localisation et d'interpretation de la sismicite
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El, Hourany Roy. "Télédétection du phytoplancton par méthode neuronale : du global au régional, de la composition pigmentaire aux biorégions". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUS095.

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Cette thèse présente une approche novatrice d’analyse et d’observation de la structure de la communauté de phytoplancton à l'échelle mondiale et régionale à l'aide de données satellitaires (couleur de l‘océan et température de surface) et d'observations in-situ. L'approche est basée sur des méthodes neuronales de classification, telles que les cartes auto-organisatrices (SOM) calibrées sur une grande base de données globale formée de mesures satellitaires collocalisées avec des mesures in-situ. Nous avons d’abord développé une méthode d’estimation des pigments phytoplanctoniques secondaires appliquée à l’océan global à partir de mesures satellitaires. Ensuite nous avons réalisé une étude fine de la Méditerranée où les groupes phytoplanctoniques (PFTs) ont été identifiés. En se servant des mesures de profondeur de la couche de mélange (MLD) fournies par les flotteurs ARGO, de la température de surface de la mer (SST) et de la concentration en chlorophylle-a (Chla) satellitaire, nous avons déterminé sept bio-régions basées sur le cycle annuel de ces variables en utilisant une SOM modifiée. Enfin ces bio-régions ont été caractérisées en termes de PFTs. Les méthodes utilisées nous ont permis d’évaluer les incertitudes sur les pigments et sur les PFTs. L’ensemble des méthodes proposées dans la thèse permettent d’effectuer des études similaires dans d’autres régions
This thesis presents a novel approach to analyze and observe the phytoplankton community structure at global and regional scale using satellite data (Ocean colour and Sea surface temperature) and in-situ observations. The approach is based on neural network classification methods, such as Self-Organizing Maps (SOM) trained on a large global database composed of satellite observations collocated with in-situ measurements. First, we developed a method to estimate secondary phytoplankton pigments from satellite measurements in the global ocean. Then we focused our studies on the Mediterranean Sea. Phytoplankton groups (PFTs) were identified from the secondary pigments estimated in the first phase. We then characterized seven bio-regions by clustering annual cycles MLD obtained from Argo floats, SST and Chla by using an advanced SOM. At last, these bio-regions were characterized in terms of PFTs. The methods developed in this thesis allowed us to estimate uncertainties on secondary pigments and PFTs. The applicability of these methods are broad and can be used to investigate other oceanic areas
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Diurba, Erin S. "Automated rugosity values from high frequency multibeam sonar data for benthic habitat classification". Thesis, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10125/20623.

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Grandin, Christopher John. "Associating remotely sensed seafloor types with groundfish species in Hecate Strait". Thesis, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1828/2087.

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Traditional stock assessment methods do not incorporate remotely sensed ecosystem variables such as seafloor type, relief, and complexity. Incorporation of these and other ecosystem variables allows for targeting of species' optimal habitat during surveys. Recently, acoustic remote sensing methods have allowed us to gain insight into groundfish habitat. In June 2002, a geophysical survey was performed in selected fishing areas of Hecate Strait. While underway, single beam acoustic data were collected along survey lines utilizing a 50 kHz echosounder coupled with Quester-Tangent's QTC VIEW 5; a Huntec seismic system, and a dual frequency sidescan sonar system. Surficial sediment distribution and seabed features were mapped through examination of seismic, sidescan, and bottom grab data and compiled into a GIS. The surficial sediment classes were compared to bottom type classifications obtained from QTC single beam, with results showing the Gravel and Sand class from the surficial sediment data being classified best by the single beam system. Catch data from the groundfish bottom trawl fishery for the areas of interest were made available by the Department of Fisheries and Oceans Canada (DFO). The distribution of groundfish aggregates and individual fish species were compared to surficial sediment classes using correspondence analysis to investigate habitat associations. Results show that the Rock Sole aggregate had a habitat preference of gravel and sand mixture and the Dover Sole and Arrowtooth Flounder aggregates had a habitat preference of sandy mud. Correspondence analysis allows for a 2-dimensional view of multivariate categorical data which are the norm for habitat-based biological studies. Results suggest that the procedures developed in this work can improve stock assessment methodology and indicate that using various acoustic remote sensing techniques can be effective in characterizing seafloor habitats and ecological connections between groundfish species and seafloor types.
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Książki na temat "Ocean bottom – Remote-sensing maps"

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Schlee, John Stevens. Imaging the sea floor. [Washington]: U.S. G.P.O., 1995.

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Blondel, Philippe. Handbook of seafloor sonar imagery. Chichester, [Eng.]: Wiley published in association with Praxis Pub., 1997.

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Lobkovskiĭ, L. I. Shirokougolʹnoe glubinnoe seĭsmicheskoe profilirovanie dna akvatoriĭ. Moskva: Nauka, 2001.

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Breaker, Laurence C. Mapping and monitoring large-scale ocean fronts off the California Coast using imagery from the GOES-10 geostationary satellite: July 2000-June 2004. San Diego, CA: Sea Grant College Program, University of California, 2005.

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Caruso, Michael J. Biweekly maps of wind stress for the North Pacific from the ERS-1 scatterometer, 1992-1995. Woods Hole, Mass: Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, 1997.

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Bothner, Michael H. Processes influencing the transport and fate of contaminated sediments in the coastal ocean: Boston Harbor and Massachusetts Bay. Reston, Va: U.S. Geological Survey, 2007.

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Comiso, Josefino C. Polar microwave brightness temperatures from Nimbus-7 SMMR: Time series of daily and monthly maps from 1978 to 1987. Washington, D.C: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Office of Management, Scientific and Technical Information Division, 1989.

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D, Kooker Lawrence, Boyle Michael E i Geological Survey (U.S.), red. MudScan: PC based sidescan sonar real-time data acquisition logging and display system. [Menlo Park, Ca.?]: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey ; a [Denver, Colo., 1993.

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Blondel, Philippe. The Handbook of Sidescan Sonar. Springer, 2014.

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Blondel, Philippe. The Handbook of Sidescan Sonar. Springer, 2008.

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Części książek na temat "Ocean bottom – Remote-sensing maps"

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Zheng, Q. "SAR Detection of Ocean Processes and Bottom Topography". W Comprehensive Remote Sensing, 145–96. Elsevier, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-409548-9.10403-8.

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Xu, Qing, Quanan Zheng, Shuangshang Zhang i Xiaofeng Li. "SAR Detection of Ocean Bottom Topography". W Advances in SAR Remote Sensing of Oceans, 147–76. CRC Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781351235822-10.

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Horning, Ned, Julie A. Robinson, Eleanor J. Sterling, Woody Turner i Sacha Spector. "Wetlands—estuaries, inland wetlands, and freshwater lakes". W Remote Sensing for Ecology and Conservation. Oxford University Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199219940.003.0014.

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Two major disasters, the Indian Ocean Tsunami of December 2004 and the flooding of New Orleans after Hurricane Katrina in August 2005, have heightened global awareness of the importance of wetlands for reducing wave energies and negative impacts of floods on coastal communities (Danielsen et al. 2005). Both situations have also led to research that uses remote sensing to help understand changes in coastal wetlands over regional scales. These types of studies would be difficult to complete with classic field methods because of the breadth of their spatio-temporal scopes. Remote sensing helps scientists to identify the most beneficial approaches to reduce wetland losses, and to target restoration programs. Remote sensing can increase understanding of wetland change and provide an evidence base for policy makers. We will start with an example of a major analysis of the historical conversion of mangrove habitats prior to the Indian Ocean Tsunami, seeking insights into whether intact coastal wetlands provide protection. We will have a related example for the Louisiana coast and hurricane vulnerability later in the chapter. Giri et al. (2008) used more than 750 Landsat images to map tsunami-prone coastal areas of Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand, Burma (Myanmar), Bangladesh, India, and Sri Lanka. Imagery was centered on four different time periods (as close as possible to the central calendar year, given cloud cover in many images): mid-1970s, 1990, around 2000, and 2005. Because of the size of the study area, they resampled data to the Albers equal area map projection, normalized for solar irradiance, and produced maps for each time period. The authors used supervised classification to map the water bodies and unsupervised classification (isodata cluster analysis) to classify the remaining images as mangrove, non-mangrove, or barren lands. Field data and high-resolution satellite images (QuickBird, IKONOS) were the source of map validation. They then produced post-classification change maps by subtracting the classifications of pairs of wetland maps, comparing 1975–90, 1975–2000, 1975–2005, 1990–2000, 1990–2005 and 2000–5.
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Horning, Ned, Julie A. Robinson, Eleanor J. Sterling, Woody Turner i Sacha Spector. "Marine and coastal environments". W Remote Sensing for Ecology and Conservation. Oxford University Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199219940.003.0013.

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New remote sensing challenges arise from the addition of the water column to the remote sensing signal. At the same time, new opportunities for use of remotely sensed data are possible in the marine environment. Marine environments can have organisms in such great abundance that they are readily monitored using remote sensing. From measuring ocean productivity, to harmful algal blooms (HABs), to fisheries management, remote sensing is a key component of many efforts to manage and conserve marine ecosystems. For example, the small giant clam, Tridacna maxima, is endangered in some areas of the Pacific, and because of commercial harvest pressure is listed in Appendix II of the Convention on the International Trade of Endangered Species (CITES, meaning they are not yet threatened by extinction but could become so if their trade is not tightly regulated). Andréfouët et al. (2005a) used field observations and remotely sensed data to study the productivity of the clam fishery in tiny (22.2 km2, including a 9.9 km2 lagoon) Fangatau Atoll (Eastern Tuamotu, French Polynesia). The fishery was under pressure due to the large (4 ton per year) export of clams to Tahiti. Remotely sensed data included a mosaic of aerial photographs (1.5 m resolution), a digital photograph taken from the International Space Station (red, green, blue, 5.6 m resolution), and Landsat TM imagery (30 m resolution). The authors classified each image of key lagoon habitats, using maximum likelihood supervised classification, with each image classified independently. They estimated the population size for the entire lagoon by multiplying the mean clam density in each habitat (from field data) by the total area of each habitat (in the maps made from the remotely sensed data). Amazingly, an estimated 23.65 ± 5.33 million clams (mean ± 95 percent confidence interval) inhabited the 4.05 km2 area of suitable habitat in the lagoon. The high spatial resolution data (1.5 m aerial and 5.6 m astronaut photography data) both gave equivalent estimates of the biomass with good estimates of accuracy, but the Landsat 30 m data overestimated the population.
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Streszczenia konferencji na temat "Ocean bottom – Remote-sensing maps"

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Kovalenko, Evgenii O., Igor V. Prokhorov, Andrei A. Sushchenko i Vladimir A. Kan. "Problem of multibeam remote sensing of sea bottom". W XXV International Symposium, Atmospheric and Ocean Optics, Atmospheric Physics, redaktorzy Gennadii G. Matvienko i Oleg A. Romanovskii. SPIE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2540977.

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Bostater, Charles R., i Tyler Rotkiske. "Influence of bottom depths and bottom types on water surface reflectance". W Remote Sensing of the Ocean, Sea Ice, Coastal Waters, and Large Water Regions 2018, redaktorzy Charles R. Bostater, Stelios P. Mertikas i Xavier Neyt. SPIE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2515669.

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Ferre-Lillo, P., N. Rodriguez-Alvarez, X. Bosch-Lluis, E. Valencia, J. F. Marchan-Hernandez i I. Ramos-Perez A. Camps. "Delay-Doppler Maps study over ocean, land and ice from space". W 2009 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium. IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/igarss.2009.5418190.

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Zavorotny, Valery U., i Alexander G. Voronovich. "GNSS-R delay-Doppler maps of ocean surface at weak winds". W 2017 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/igarss.2017.8127545.

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Font, J., C. Gabarro, J. Ballabrera, A. Turiel, J. Martinez, M. Umbert, F. Perez i in. "SMOS CP34 soil moisture and ocean salinity maps". W 2012 12th Specialist Meeting on Microwave Radiometry and Remote Sensing of the Environment (MicroRad). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/microrad.2012.6185236.

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Zhao, Yu, i Yan Qiu Chen. "Robust contour model for matching synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images with maps". W Third International Asia-Pacific Environmental Remote Sensing Remote Sensing of the Atmosphere, Ocean, Environment, and Space, redaktorzy Stephen G. Ungar, Shiyi Mao i Yoshifumi Yasuoka. SPIE, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.467785.

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Cohen, Sagy, Austin Raney, Dinuke Munasinghe, John Galantowicz i G. Robert Brakenridge. "Estimating floodwater depths from flood inundation maps and topography". W Remote Sensing of the Open and Coastal Ocean and Inland Waters, redaktorzy Robert J. Frouin i Hiroshi Murakami. SPIE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2324982.

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Li, Yan, Jianyu Hu, Jing Li, Bin Fu i Liming Ma. "Optical image modulation above the submarine bottom topography: a case study on the Taiwan Banks, China". W Third International Asia-Pacific Environmental Remote Sensing Remote Sensing of the Atmosphere, Ocean, Environment, and Space, redaktorzy Robert J. Frouin, Yeli Yuan i Hiroshi Kawamura. SPIE, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.466156.

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Wenxing Ji, Chundi Xiu, Weiqiang Li i Lijun Wang. "Ocean surface target detection and positioning using the spaceborne GNSS-R Delay-Doppler maps". W IGARSS 2014 - 2014 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium. IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/igarss.2014.6947313.

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Kazama, Yoriko, i Tomonori Yamamoto. "Shallow water bathymetry correction using sea bottom classification with multispectral satellite imagery". W Remote Sensing of the Ocean, Sea Ice, Coastal Waters, and Large Water Regions 2017, redaktorzy Charles R. Bostater, Stelios P. Mertikas, Xavier Neyt i Sergey Babichenko. SPIE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2280305.

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