Artykuły w czasopismach: „Occupation territoriale”

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Geyer, Bernard, i Éric Coqueugniot. "Occupation du sol et conquête territoriale durant le Néolithique dans les Marges arides de Syrie du Nord". Syria, nr 90 (1.01.2013): 159–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/syria.1757.

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Ronen, Yaël. "Illegal Occupation and Its Consequences". Israel Law Review 41, nr 1-2 (2008): 201–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021223700000224.

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This Article explores the grounds and consequences of illegal occupation. It proposes that an occupation may be considered illegal if it is involves the violation of a peremptory norm of international law that operates erga omnes, and is related to territorial status. Accordingly, illegal occupations are primarily those achieved through violation of the prohibition on the use of force and of the right to self-determination, or maintained in violation of the right to self-determination. This examination forms the basis for a systematic analysis of specific occupations that have been declared illegal by U.N. organs. The second part of the Article addresses the consequences of an occupation's illegality, in view of the political and legal objectives of determining such illegality. It considers the international responsibility for an illegal occupation; the obligation of non-recognition and the law applicable to an illegal occupation; and the right to self-defense. The Article concludes by commenting on the role of “illegal occupation” as a category under international law.

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Takeiti, Beatriz Akemi, i Larissa Mazzotti Santamaria. "Territorializando as experiências juvenis: interfaces entre o projeto juventude(s) e o sintonizando na transformação/Territorializing youth experiences: interfaces between the juventude(s) project and sintonizando na tranformação". Revista Interinstitucional Brasileira de Terapia Ocupacional - REVISBRATO 7, nr 3 (15.08.2023): 1844–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.47222/2526-3544.rbto57651.

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Este ensaio fotográfico propõe pensar algumas abordagens territoriais e comunitárias em Terapia Ocupacional com jovens em dois projetos distintos - o Juventude(S) e o Sintonizando na Transformação. Ambos atuam com jovens - estudantes de escola pública e moradores de um conjunto de favelas no Rio de Janeiro e jovens em conflito com a lei após cumprimento de medida socioeducativa de Liberdade Assistida e Prestação de Serviços à Comunidade em Campinas/SP. Iniciamos apresentando os dois projetos bem como os distintos territórios em que eles ocorrem. Em seguida, procuramos estabelecer, a partir das imagens dos projetos, um diálogo sobre as experiências cujas reflexões direcionam-se para as ações territoriais e comunitárias em terapia ocupacional.Palavras-chave: Juventude. Abordagens territoriais e comunitárias. Arte-cultura. Terapia OcupacionalAbstractThis photo essay proposes thinking about some territorial and community approaches in Occupational Therapy with young people in two different projetcs - the Juventude(S) and Sintonizando na Transformação. Both work with young people - public school students and residents of a group of favelas in Rio de Janeiro and young people in conflict with the law after complying with the socio-educational measure of Assisted Freedom in Campinas/SP. We begin by presenting the two projects as well as the different territories in which they take place. Next, we try to establish, based on the images of teh projects, a dialogue about the experiences whose reflections are directed towards territorial and community actions in occupational therapy.Keywords: Young. Territorial and Community approaches. Art culture. Occupational TherapyResumenEste ensayo fotográfico propone pensar algunos abordajes territoriales y comunitarias con jóvenes en dos proyectos diferentes - el Juventude(S) y Sintonizando en la Transformación. Ambos trabajan con jóvenes - estudiantes de escuelas públicas y residentes de un conjunto de favelas en Rio de Janeiro y jóvenes en conflicto con la ley luego de cumplir con la medida socioeducativa de Libertad Asistida y Prestación de Servicios a la Comunidad en Campinas/SP. Comenzamos presentando los dos proyectos así como los diferentes territorios en los que se desarrollan. A continuación, tratamos de establecer, a partir de las imágenes de los proyectos, un diálogo sobre las experiencias cuyas reflexiones se orientan hacia acciones territoriales y comunitarias en terapia ocupacionalPalabras clave: Juventud. Enfoques territoriales y comunitarios. Cultura artística. Terapia ocupacional

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Charest, Paul. "La disparition des Montagnais et la négation des droits aborigènes". Recherches amérindiennes au Québec 39, nr 3 (23.03.2011): 81–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/045806ar.

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Après Russel Bouchard (Le Dernier des Montagnais, 1995) et après un livre sur la disparition des Attikameks (2003), l’historien Nelson-Martin Dawson jetait en 2005 un autre pavé dans la mare des études amérindianistes avec un nouvel ouvrage sur la disparition historique des Amérindiens du Québec, celle des Montagnais ou Innus cette fois, à partir d’une recherche commanditée par Hydro-Québec. Ce livre souffre de nombreux défauts, dont le manque d’informations sur la méthodologie employée et sur les compétences linguistiques de l’auteur, l’utilisation à tort et à travers de concepts non définis, l’absence des cartes historiques auxquelles se réfère l’auteur, une suite infinie d’inférences et d’extrapolations peu ou mal fondées présentées sous forme interrogative et l’usage abusif de termes lourds de sens pour convaincre le lecteur de ses élucubrations. Il s’agit en fait d’un livre inutile qui n’ajoute rien aux prétentions précédentes de Bouchard. En fait, ce genre d’études répétitives sur le Dernier des… (ajouter le nom d’un groupe amérindien de votre choix) a pour but principal de discréditer toute entente que les Innus ou autres pourraient en venir à signer avec les deux paliers de gouvernement sur la base de la discontinuité de leur occupation territoriale.

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De Sant’Ana Júnior, Horácio Antunes. "COMPLEXO PORTUÁRIO, RESERVA EXTRATIVISTA E DESENVOLVIMENTO NO MARANHÃO". Caderno CRH 29, nr 77 (18.04.2017): 281–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.9771/ccrh.v29i77.20003.

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Em São Luís (MA), projetos de desenvolvimento implicam ampliação do Complexo Portuário e conflitos com comunidades tradicionais que demandam a legalização da Reserva Extrativista de Tauá-Mirim. Confrontam-se lógicas diferenciadas de ocupação territorial e de concepções da natureza, em um conflito ambiental que toma novos contornos com projetos de ampliação de equipamentos de infraestrutura e industriais, além de modificações na legislação urbanística do município. Assim, o objetivo aqui é analisar como concepções de desenvolvimento que orientam os vários agentes provocam consequências sociais e ambientais e se desdobram em situações conflitivas. Parte-se de trabalho de pesquisa efetivado por dez anos, através de levantamento bibliográfico, realização de entrevistas, conversas informais, acompanhamento de reuniões, assembleias, audiências públicas e manifestações públicas. A lógica de ocupação e uso do espaço que tem orientado planejadores e agentes de desenvolvimento estatais e privados em São Luís desqualifica modos de vida de comunidades rurais cujas principais lideranças, na busca de manter seu território, acionam repertórios de luta e constroem mecanismos de enfrentamento.Palavras-chave: Conflitos ambientais. Projetos de desenvolvimento. Complexo Portuário de São Luís. Reserva Extrativista de Tauá-Mirim. Legislação urbanística.PORT COMPLEX, EXTRACTIVE RESERVE AND DEVELOPMENT IN MARANHÃOIn São Luís-MA, development projects imply in expanding of the Port Complex and conflicts with traditional communities that demand the legalization of the Reserva Extrativista de Tauá-Mirim. Face territorial occupation and conceptions of nature differents logics, in an environmental conflict with new contours with projects of expansion of infrastructure and industrial equipment and modifications in the urban legislation. Therefore, the goal here is to analyse how development concepts that guide the various agents cause social and environmental consequences unfold in situations of conflicts. This article part of research work realized for ten years, through bibliographical survey, interviews, informal conversations, follow-up assemblies, meetings, public audiences, and public manifestations. The logic of occupation and use of the space that has guided planners and State and private development agents in São Luís disqualifies lifestyles of rural communities whose main leaders, in seeking to maintain their territory, fighting repertoire and build face mechanisms.Key words: Environmental Conflict; Development Projects; Port Complex of São Luís; Reserva Extrativista de Tauá-Mirim; Urban LegislationCOMPLEXE PORTUAIRE, RÉSERVE EXTRATIVISTE ET DÉVELOPPEMENT AU MARANHAOEn São Luís-MA, projets de développement impliquent dans l’expansion du complexe portuaire et les conflits avec les communautés traditionnelles qui demandent la légalisation de la Reserva Extrativista de Tauá-Mirim. Visage différentes logiques de occupation territoriale et des conceptions de la nature, dans un conflit environnemental prend nouveaux contours avec des projets d’expansion des infrastructures et des équipements industriels et de modifications dans la législation urbanistique. Le but ici est donc d’analyser comment les concepts de développement qui guident les divers agents causent conséquences sociales et environnementales et se déroulent dans des situations des conflits. Le article partie de travail de recherche realisé pendant dix ans, au moyen d’une enquête bibliographique, mener des entrevues, des conversations informelles, réunions, suivies assemblées, des audiences publiques, et manifestations publiques. La logique d’occupation et d’utilisation de l’espace qui a guidé les planificateurs et les agents de développement de le Stat et privé au São Luís disqualifier des modes de vie des communautés rurales dont les principaux dirigeants, en cherchant à maintenir leur territoire, gargette répertoire de combat et construire des mécanismes de faire face.Mots-clés: Conflit Environnemental; Projets de Développement; Complexe Portuaire de São Luís; Reserva Extrativista de Tauá-Mirim; Législation Urbanistique Publicação Online do Caderno CRH no Scielo: http://www.scielo.br/ccrh Publicação Online do Caderno CRH: http://www.cadernocrh.ufba.br http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0103-49792016000200006

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CHATELLIER, V., i R. VERITE. "L’élevage bovin et l’environnement en France : le diagnostic justifie-t-il des alternatives techniques ?" INRAE Productions Animales 16, nr 4 (11.08.2003): 231–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.20870/productions-animales.2003.16.4.3662.

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Les relations entre l’élevage bovin et l’environnement sont complexes avec des implications positives (occupation du territoire, forte autonomie du système alimentaire, maintien de la biodiversité) et d’autres négatives (augmentation des teneurs en nitrates et en phosphore des eaux, émission de gaz à effet de serre). Ces relations sont historiquement et localement étroitement dépendantes de facteurs techniques (niveau d’intensification des superficies fourragères, productivité des facteurs de production, plans de fertilisation, conditions de stockage des effluents d’élevage…). Elles sont également fortement influencées par certaines considérations économiques (évolution de la consommation, prise en compte dans le prix des produits du respect d’engagements environnementaux…) et politiques (fixation de normes environnementales, mode d’intervention des pouvoirs publics dans la gestion collective de l’offre et dans la répartition territoriale des productions, mécanisme d’attribution des droits à primes…). L’analyse de ces relations est rendue délicate par la diversité des systèmes de production et l’imbrication des problèmes de gestion du végétal et de l’animal. Outre les incitations incombant aux politiques agricoles, plusieurs évolutions techniques pourraient interagir dans le sens d’une amélioration de la relation à l’environnement. Ces évolutions techniques, ponctuelles (suppression des gaspillages et ajustement plus précis des intrants, gestion des déjections…) ou plus radicales (modification des systèmes des production), seront possibles si elles s’accompagnent d’une amélioration sociale et/ou économique à l’échelle de l’exploitation.

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Campos, Julia Avide, Emanuelle Oliveira Correa, Tamara Leyane Gonçalves Natividade, Diego Eugênio Roquette Godoy Almeida, Giovanna Bardi i Monica Villaça Gonçalves. "Para além dos muros: ações territoriais da terapia ocupacional social junto a jovens urbanos/Beyond the walls: territorial actions of social occupational therapy with urban young people". Revista Interinstitucional Brasileira de Terapia Ocupacional - REVISBRATO 7, nr 3 (15.08.2023): 1993–2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.47222/2526-3544.rbto58189.

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Contextualização: Trata-se de um relato de experiência de um projeto de extensão do curso de Terapia Ocupacional, que desenvolve ações em um Centro de Referência de Assistência Social (CRAS). Processo de Intervenção: As ações apresentadas foram desenvolvidas com o Projovem do CRAS, por meio de oficinas de atividades e acompanhamentos territoriais. Análise crítica da prática: A partir da experiência relatada, destaca-se que a mobilidade urbana e o direito à cidade de jovens pobres e periféricos é atravessada por determinantes sociais, o que estabelece os processos de inclusão e exclusão da juventude na cidade. Síntese das considerações: Desta forma, as ações desenvolvidas pelo projeto de extensão da terapia ocupacional têm o enfoque em ações territoriais numa tentativa de que os jovens se sintam pertencentes ao território, como sujeitos possuidores do direito à cidade.Palavras-chave: Território Sociocultural. Juventude. Terapia Ocupacional AbstractContextualization: This is an experience report of an extension project of the Occupational Therapy course, which develops actions in a Social Assistance Reference Center (CRAS). Intervention Process: The actions presented were developed with Projovem from CRAS, through activity workshops and territorial accompaniments. Critical analysis of the practice: From the reported experience, it is highlighted that urban mobility and the right to the city of poor and peripheral youth is crossed by social determinants, which establish the processes of inclusion and exclusion of youth in the city. Summary of considerations: In this way, the actions developed by the occupational therapy extension project focus on territorial actions in an attempt to make young people feel that they belong to the territory, as subjects with the right to the city.Keywords: Sociocultural Territory, Youth, Occupational TherapyResumenContextualización: Se trata de un relato de experiencia de un proyecto de extensión del curso de Terapia Ocupacional, que desarrolla acciones en un Centro de Referencia de Asistencia Social (CRAS). Proceso de Intervención: Las acciones presentadas fueron desarrolladas con Projovem del CRAS, a través de talleres de actividades y acompañamientos territoriales. Análisis crítico de la práctica: De la experiencia relatada, se destaca que la movilidad urbana y el derecho a la ciudad de los jóvenes pobres y periféricos está atravesado por determinantes sociales, que configuran los procesos de inclusión y exclusión de los jóvenes en la ciudad. Resumen de consideraciones: De esta forma, las acciones desarrolladas por el proyecto de extensión de terapia ocupacional se enfocan en acciones territoriales en un intento de que los jóvenes se sientan pertenecientes al territorio, como sujetos con derecho a la ciudad.Palabras Clave: Território Sociocultural, Juventud, Terapia Ocupacional

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Cerda-Brintrup, Gonzalo, Jaime Flores-Chávez i Pablo Fuentes-Hernández. "Pitrufquén, Chile: la ciudad como estrategia de ocupación territorial". Revista Urbano 27, nr 49 (30.05.2024): 24–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.22320/07183607.2024.27.49.02.

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This paper analyzes the development of Pitrufquén (located in the Araucanía Region, Chile, and founded in 1897) from a historical, territorial, urban, and architectural point of view. It is proposed that the city’s development is framed in a new moment, where the Chilean State abandons military criteria and assumes economic-territorial factors where the railroad’s presence is a determining factor. The choice of the site, its particular layout, and the development of its architecture are evidence of this change. From the historical point of view, it is analyzed how, in Pitrufquén, the Mapuche society had cattle raising as the main economic activity, as it had pastures to feed the cattle, the land was suitable for crops, and there was a vital ford to cross the Toltén River. This strategic location was maintained and accentuated by the city’s founding and the railroad’s arrival in 1898, turning the town into a railhead for progress towards the south of the country. In the case of the urban layout, its peculiarity was addressed since, together with Lonquimay, these are the only sections in the La Araucanía region organized based on an ellipse, which, in the case of Pitrufquén, also coexists with a checkerboard layout. The study analyzed its squares, diagonal avenues, and the perimeter ring road. At an architectural level, the article explores the three layers or aspects of the city: The first one studies the wooden architecture with works from the late 19th and early 20th centuries; the second refers to public architecture, represented by buildings such as the municipality, public services, the post office, and others; and a third layer addresses the modern architecture, such as housing and stores from the period between 1940 and 1960.

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Arai, Kyo. "Between Consented and Un-Contested Occupation". Israel Law Review 51, nr 3 (24.10.2018): 365–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021223718000171.

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It has long been recognised that ‘non-consent’ is a fundamental element of the law of occupation. Under modern international humanitarian law (IHL), the consensual presence of foreign military forces is generally not seen as belligerent occupation.However, if we accept the principle that the application of IHL should rely on the objective situation on the ground and not on the subjective judgment of the situation of parties to the conflict, it may be natural to diminish the significance of consent by the territorial states in relation to the application of the law of occupation. It may be somewhat harmful to deny such protection based solely on the existence of the territorial states’ consent without considering the relationship, in reality, between the occupier and the population in the occupied area. According to a teleological interpretation of IHL, especially when it is obvious that the latter has no allegiance to the former, the tense relationship between them should be regulated by the law of occupation.This article discusses whether and how state consent could be a humanitarian ground to negate the legal protection for its own people, and highlights situations where the local population needs protection by the law of occupation (or comparable rules) in consensual military occupations.

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Bazargan, Saba. "Proportionality, Territorial Occupation, and Enabled Terrorism". Law and Philosophy 32, nr 4 (1.08.2012): 435–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10982-012-9142-5.

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Ricciardelli, Rose, i Krystle Martin. "Why corrections? Motivations for becoming a Canadian provincial or territorial correctional officer". Journal of Criminological Research, Policy and Practice 3, nr 4 (4.12.2017): 274–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jcrpp-01-2017-0001.

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Purpose The growing prison population and challenges related to recruiting and retaining suitable correctional officers (COs) in Canada provided the impetus for the current study. Recruitment efforts in provinces and territories often rely on a variety of diverse testing, ranging from physical fitness to in-person interviews. However, despite such efforts, turn-over rates remain high and insight into what motivates people to seek a career in correctional work continues to require elucidation. By investigating the career development of COs, the purpose of this paper is to understand why certain men seek employment in this field. Design/methodology/approach Data are derived from in-depth semi-structured interviews with male officers (n=41) who have employment experience in provincial correctional facilities. Findings Respondents discussed their initial motivations for entering the field and their career ambitions. Some entered corrections because they lacked alternative options for employment, others as a stepping stone for a different justice-oriented occupation such as policing or parole. Many were motivated by the income and benefits or had a specific vocational self-identity toward correctional work. However, nearly all respondents indicated that, over time, they no longer felt their rate of pay justly reflected the demands of the occupation, thus factors motivating field entry fail to materialize in ways that sustain long-term employee retention. Practical implications CO recruitment should target individuals with interest in the field of justice more broadly. Occupational demands of the CO occupation need to be addressed to reduce turnover. Recruitment should focus not only on new graduates but also be directed toward more mature individuals. The impact of resource intensive interview processes for candidates on turnover rates needs to be evaluated. Originality/value The authors’ focus on COs with employment experience in provincial and territorial correctional facilities, rather than federal, is justified by the lack of research on and the high rate of CO turnover in such facilities. After exploring the qualitative responses of officers, clear themes emerged that align well with natural socio-ecological systems: the self, family and community, and wider society.

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Michalski, Amanda, i Luciana Riça Mourão Borges. "A geografia das fronteiras no município de Porto Velho: União Bandeirantes e Rio Pardo e os reflexos da negligência da gestão territorial do Estado em Rondônia". AMBIENTES: Revista de Geografia e Ecologia Política 4, nr 2 (28.12.2022): 71–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.48075/amb.v4i2.29919.

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O município de Porto Velho, localizado ao norte do estado de Rondônia, situado na Amazônia meridional, apresenta modificações espaciais que nos permitem compreender a dinâmica do espaço agrário rondoniense por meio da expansão da fronteira agrícola que avança em busca de novas áreas para a ampliação da atividade da pecuária e, posteriormente, da monocultura da soja e demais grãos que fazem parte das commodities comercializadas pelo estado. Entre os anos de 1999 e 2018, União Bandeirantes e Rio Pardo expressam formas de ocupação, impactos ambientais, territoriais e sociais similares que fazem parte do processo de expansão da fronteira agrícola. Os reflexos desses impactos estão no aumento do desmatamento e da degradação ambiental que propiciou/propicia pressões, tensionamentos e conflitos nas Áreas Protegidas: Terra Indígena Karipuna, Resex Jacy-Paraná e Floresta Nacional do Bom Futuro. No recorte temporal mencionado (1999-2018), buscamos compreender a materialidade histórica que resultou no avanço do capital agropecuário em áreas de florestas ligadas ao processo de incorporação de terras em larga escala. Essas terras agricultáveis colocam o Brasil na contradição de expansão da agricultura e negligênciamento do Zoneamento Socioeconômico e Ecológico (ZSEE), com reflexos nocivos aos povos indígenas e comunidades tradicionais que são invisibilizados, além das expulsões serem minimizadas, naturalizadas como meras consequências do “desenvolvimento econômico” do país. Ancorados no método dialético e metodologia quali-quantitativa, analisamos os dados de produção agropecuária, desmatamento e extração mineral, como reflexo da negação ao ZSEE em União Bandeirantes e Rio Pardo. Palavras-chave: Fronteira; Pecuária; Campesinato; Desmatamento; Áreas Protegidas. The geography of borders in the municipality of Porto Velho: União Bandeirantes and Rio Pardo and the reflexes of the negligence of the territorial management of the state in Rondônia Abstract Porto Velho is located in the southern Amazon and shows spatial changes that allow us to understand the dynamics of the rural areas in Rondônia state, through the expansion of the agricultural frontier in search of new areas for livestock activity and, later, monoculture of soybeans and other grains that are part of the commodities traded by the state. Between 1999 and 2018, União Bandeirantes and Rio Pardo expressed similar forms of occupation, environmental, territorial and social impacts that are part of the agricultural frontier expansion process. Among impacts are an increase in deforestation and environmental degradation that led/provide pressures, tensions and conflicts in the Protected Areas: Karipuna Indigenous Land, Jacy-Paraná Resex and Bom Futuro National Forest. In this time frame, we aim to understand the historical materiality that resulted from the advance of agricultural capital in forest areas, linked to the process of large-scale land incorporation. These arable lands place Brazil in the contradiction of expanding agriculture and neglecting the Socioeconomic and Ecological Zoning (ZSEE), harmfully affecting indigenous peoples and traditional communities that are made invisible, in addition to their expulsions being minimized, naturalized as consequences of the “economic development” of the country. Anchored in the dialectical method and qualitative-quantitative methodology, we analyzed data on agricultural production, deforestation and mineral extraction, as a reflection of the denial of the ZSEE in União Bandeirantes and Rio Pardo. Keywords: Border; Livestock; Peasantry; Logging; Protected Areas. La géographie des frontières dans la municipalité de Porto Velho: União Bandeirantes et Rio Pardo et les réflexes de la négligence de la gestion territoriale de l'État à Rondônia Resumé La municipalité de Porto Velho, localisée au nord de l'état de Rondônia, située dans le sud de l'Amazonie, présente des changements spatiaux qui nous permettent de comprendre la dynamique de l'espace agraire de Rondônia à travers l'expansion de la frontière agricole qui avance dans la recherche de nouvelles zones pour l'expansion de l'activité d'élevage et, plus tard, la monoculture de soja et d'autres céréales qui font partie des produits de base commercialisés par l'état. Entre les années 1999 et 2018, União Bandeirantes et Rio Pardo montrent des formes similaires d'occupation, d'impacts environnementaux, territoriaux et sociaux qui font partie du processus d'élargissement de la frontière agricole. Les reflets de ces impacts se trouvent dans l'augmentation de la déforestation et de la dégradation de l'environnement qui ont entraîné/provoqué des pressions, des tensions et des conflits dans les Aires Protégées: Terres Indigènes de Karipuna, Resex Jacy-Paraná et Forêt Nationale de Bom Futuro. Dans cette temporalité, nous cherchons à comprendre la matérialité historique qui s'est traduite par l'avancée du capital agricole dans les espaces forestiers liés au processus d'incorporation de terres à grande échelle. Ces terres arables placent le Brésil dans la contradiction de l'expansion de l'agriculture et de la négligence du Zonage Socio-économique et Écologique (ZSEE), se répercutant de manière néfaste sur les peuples autochtones et les communautés traditionnelles qui sont rendus invisibles, en plus des expulsions minimisées, naturalisées comme conséquences du “développement économique” du pays. Ancrés dans la méthode dialectique et la méthodologie qualitative-quantitative, nous avons analysé les données sur la production agricole, la déforestation et l'extraction minière, comme reflet du déni de la ZSEE à União Bandeirantes et Rio Pardo. Mots-clés: Frontière; Bétail; Paysannerie/Paysan; Déboisement; Zones Protégées.

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Sardar Muhammad Abdul Waqar Khan Arif. "The Use of Force during Territorial Occupation". Review of Human Rights 5, nr 1 (15.12.2020): 78–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.35994/rhr.v5i1.150.

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It is well established that the provisions of International Humanitarian Law (IHL) regulates armed conflicts and guarantees protection to civilians. Similarly certain protections are also available under laws, such as, International Law of Occupation (ILOC) and International Human rights Law (IHRL). However, we know that often an occupying power uses force against civilians in the course of and maintenance of its occupation? But what grounds they give for the justification of use of force is the matter of critical focus in this article. We analyze the case studies of the State of Jammu and Kashmir (J & K) and Occupied Palestinian Territory (OPT) to critically discuss the grounds of use of force under international law.

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Duarte Cuervo, Clara. "Pensando em território, ações territoriais e terapia ocupacional: algumas ideias soltas antes de começar a leitura deste dossiê/ Thinking about territory, territorial actions, and occupational therapy: some loose ideas before starting to read this dossier". Revista Interinstitucional Brasileira de Terapia Ocupacional - REVISBRATO 7, nr 3 (15.08.2023): 1840–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.47222/2526-3544.rbto60026.

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Partindo de duas histórias, uma real e outra fictícia, o editorial introduz elementos relativos ao conceito de território que podem ser úteis na leitura dos artigos que compõem este dossiê, bem como apoiar nas reflexões em torno das ações territoriais na terapia ocupacional. Territorialidade e territorialização são colocados como direções possíveis da atuação profissional, ao mesmo tempo, se faz um convite a pensar em concepções de território mais próximas das cosmovisões de povos indígenas ou negros da região latino-americana. Palavras-chave: Território sociocultural. Terapia ocupacional. Territorialidade. Política.AbstractStarting from two stories, one real and one fictitious, the editorial introduces elements related to the concept of territory that can be useful for reading the articles that make up this dossier, as well as supporting reflections on territorial actions in occupational therapy. Territoriality and territorialization are proposed as possible orientations for professional actions, at the same time, an invitation is made to think about conceptions about territory closer to the worldviews of the black and indigenous peoples of Latin America.Keywords: Sociocultural territory. Occupational therapy. Territoriality. Politics ResumenPartiendo de dos historias, una real y otra ficticia, el editorial introduce elementos relacionados con el concepto de territorio que pueden ser útiles para la lectura de los artículos que integran este número especial, así como apoyar las reflexiones sobre las acciones territoriales en terapia ocupacional. Se plantean la territorialidad y la territorialización como orientaciones posibles para la actuación profesional, al tiempo que se invita a pensar en concepciones sobre territorio más cercanas a las cosmovisiones de los pueblos negros e indígenas de América Latina. Palabras clave: Territorio sociocultural. Terapia ocupacional. Territorialidad. Política.

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ALONSO IBÁÑEZ, María Rosario. "Las repercusiones urbanísticas y territoriales de un modelo agotado de crecimiento económico". RVAP 99-100, nr 99-100 (30.12.2014): 293–308. http://dx.doi.org/10.47623/ivap-rvap.99.100.2014.010.

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LABURPENA: Lurzoruaren okupazioan ikusten dira lurralde bateko aldaketa ekonomikoak eta sozialak. Azken hamarkadetan, hirietako eta aldirietako hirigintza-planak neurriz gainekoak izan dira, erkidego osoaren edo azpi-eskualdearen lurralde-plangintzarik gabe edo oso gutxirekin, eta ez da gaitasun politiko eta profesionalik egon lurrak modu orekatuan okupatzeko. Denboran zehar ezagutu dugun garapen ekonomikoaren eredutik sortu diren hirigintza- eta lurralde-aldaketak aztertzen dira lan honetan. Hiri-hazkunde sakabanatuaren ondorioz, ≪landa hiritartzea≫ esaten zaion fase berri baten aurrean gaude, non landa eta hiria elkarri loturik dauden, zein bere aldetik bizitzeko modurik gabe. RESUMEN: La ocupacion del suelo refleja los cambios economicos y sociales que ocurren en un territorio. El mantenimiento en el tiempo de un espacio territorial ordenado por unos planes urbanisticos municipales sobredimensionados, sin ninguna o escasa planificacion territorial para el conjunto del territorio autonomico o para ambitos de escala subregional, unido a la incapacidad politica y profesional de mantener un equilibrio en la ocupacion territorial, no podian ser un coctel mas explosivo sobre lo que ha acontecido en las ciudades y sus periferias en las ultimas decadas. En este trabajo se analizan las transformaciones urbanisticas y territoriales a que ha conducido el modelo de desarrollo economico que venimos manteniendo en el tiempo. El resultado de los procesos de crecimiento urbano disperso ha situado el hecho urbano ante una nueva fase que ya empezamos a denominar como la ≪urbanizacion del campo≫ o el ≪campo urbanizado≫, donde lo rural y lo urbano se entrelazan sin posibilidad de supervivencia por separado. ABSTRACT: The occupation of land reflects the economic and social changes in a territory. The maintenance in time of a territorial space organized according to oversized municipal urban plans, without any or with poor territorial planning for the whole autonomic territory or for areas with a subregional scale, together with the political and professional incompetence to keep a balance in the territorial occupation could not be but the most explosive cocktail regarding what has happened in cities and outskirts for the last decades. We analyze the urban and territorial transformations to what the economic model of development has driven us and that we are keeping on time. The result of the process of dispersed urban growth has placed urban fact in front of a new phase which is being called the ≪urbanization of the countryside≫ or the ≪urban countryside≫ where rural and urban are intertwined not being possible for them to live apart.

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Gorbun, Olesia. "CRIMEAN OCCUPATION AND UNCLOS DISPUTE SETTLEMENT: NAVIGATING TERRITORIAL SOVEREIGNTY AND NON-RECOGNITION". Baltic Journal of Legal and Social Sciences, nr 3 (11.10.2023): 20–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.30525/2592-8813-2023-3-3.

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Abstract. The article examines the interplay between the Crimean occupation and UNCLOS compulsory dispute settlement procedures, exploring how the fact of Crimea’s occupation can be established and UNCLOS dispute settlement procedures applied. It also investigates the contradiction within the Annex VII Arbitral Tribunal’s award in the Coastal State Rights Dispute due to Crimea’s occupation. The study concludes that to address violations made by the Russian Federation under the provision of UNCLOS Crimea’s occupation, Ukraine can seek an advisory opinion from the International Court of Justice. Strengthening Ukraine’s position requires a legally binding decision on Crimea’s occupied status and Ukraine’s coastal state status, possibly through an ad hoc tribunal with jurisdiction. Supporting evidence from other courts may be valuable, despite their lack of direct jurisdiction over the matter of occupation. The article also discusses the principle of nonrecognition and the tribunal’s neutral approach to accommodate both parties in its award in Coastal State Rights Dispute.

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Di Napoli Pastore, Marina. "“Vamos te levar no ponto mais alto daqui”: conhecendo ações da terapia ocupacional com crianças/"We'll take you to the highest point here": knowing occupational therapy actions with children". Revista Interinstitucional Brasileira de Terapia Ocupacional - REVISBRATO 5, nr 4 (8.11.2021): 475–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.47222/2526-3544.rbto44499.

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Objetivo: Este ensaio fotográfico propõe pensarmos as práticas com as crianças nos mais diversos territórios, em diálogos constantes com suas realidades e contextos. Descrição da imagem: é trazida uma imagem de duas crianças numa comunidade urbana e a interlocução com a terapeuta ocupacional, em que mostram seus espaços de significado e de sentidos, em meio ao território, e nos fazem repensar, juntamente com as demais imagens ao longo do texto, as ações territoriais e práticas com crianças a partir e em diálogo com suas realidades e a produção das imagens por elas como apropriação do espaço.Palavras-chave: Criança. Fotografia. Terapia Ocupacional AbstractObjective: this photo essay proposes to think about the practices with children in the most diverse territories, in constant dialogues with their realities and contexts. Image description: An image of two children in an urban community is brought and the dialogue with the occupational therapist, in which they show their spaces of meaning and meanings in the middle of the territory and make us rethink, together with the other images throughout the text, the territorial and practical actions with children from and in dialogue with their realities and the production of images by them as appropriation of space.Keywords: Children. Photography. Occupational Therapy ResumenObjetivo: este ensayo fotográfico propone pensar las prácticas con los niños en los más diversos territorios, en diálogos constantes con sus realidades y contextos. Descripción de la imagen: se trae una imagen de dos niños en una comunidad urbana y el diálogo con el terapeuta ocupacional, en el que muestran sus espacios de significado y significados en medio del territorio y nos hacen repensar, junto con las otras imágenes a lo largo del texto, las acciones territoriales y prácticas con los niños desde y en diálogo con sus realidades y la producción de imágenes por ellos como apropiación del espacio.Palavras Clave: Niños y Niñas. Fotografía. Terapia Ocupacional

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Alcántara, Alberto, Corina Solís, Fernando López Aguilar, María Rodríguez-Ceja, Víctor Hugo Anaya Linares, Evgueni Santamaría Guadarrama i Silvia Bello Nuñez. "RADIOCARBON DATING APPLIED TO PREHISPANIC TERRITORIAL DYNAMICS AT EL MAYE, IXMIQUILPAN, HIDALGO, MEXICO". Radiocarbon 62, nr 6 (grudzień 2020): 1723–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/rdc.2021.3.

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ABSTRACTEl Maye is a community located in the municipality of Ixmiquilpan, Hidalgo, in the central region of Mexico. During the late Postclassic period (1350–1521 AD), the Aztecs controlled the area through the establishment of a dual-headed system, one part belonging to the Aztec government and the other to the local government. El Maye was the local government center for the Ixmiquilpan territory under the Aztec domain. The residential units of El Maye archaeological site were constructed in 6 different occupational phases, with the presence of large rooms, stucco floors and walls, offerings, and a variety of ceramics belonging to the late Aztec III ceramic period (1400–1520 AD). The Axis Project of the Mezquital Valley (PEVM-ENAH) and the Accelerator Mass Spectrometry Laboratory (LEMA-UNAM) have undertaken a collaborative study of the El Maye site by performing absolute radiocarbon accelerator mass spectrometry (14C AMS) dating. For a better understanding of the emergence and development of El Maye, a series of AMS 14C dates of charcoal and bone samples recovered from different stratigraphic levels, was performed. This allowed us to locate the occupation of the site between 1320 and 1625 cal AD.

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Portela, Breno, José Benigno, Jucivam Lopes i Jadson Pinheiro. "USO DE GEOTECNOLOGIAS REMOTAS NO MAPEAMENTO DE ÁREAS AQUÍCOLAS". ACTA OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC RESOURCES 60, nr 66 (2022): 60–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.46732/actafish.2022.10.1.60-66.

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The use of remote technology can currently help in the development of studies considering the peculiarities of each environment, such as fish farming. With the increase in demand for fish in recent years, the expansion of productive areas of fish farms has been observed, resulting in greater territorial occupation, most of the time, in a disorganized way. The present work aimed to map the fish areas in the municipality of Santa Inês, Maranhão State. To identify the areas occupied by fish farms, the Photointerpretation Method and its recognition elements were used through the following software: Spring, QGis, Google Earth Pro and Arcview. To validate the information, on-site visits were carried out in fish farms according to the points identified using the software. According to the data obtained, the municipality of Santa Inês - MA showed an evolution in the territorial occupation of fish areas, from 22.99 hectares in 2003 to 46.84 hectares in 2011, 126.95 hectares in 2015 and 141 .86 hectares in 2017, with greater expansion in territorial occupation in the period from 2011 to 2015 (171%), with 81.25% of the mapped areas concentrated within a radius of 3 km from the municipal headquarters. Fish farms in the municipality of Santa Inês corresponded to only 0.24% of the total area of the municipality. The preparation and analysis of thematic maps of the territorial occupation of fish farming can help in the management of the areas found and i

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Galacho-Jiménez, Federico B., i Sergio Reyes-Corredera. "Spatial Analysis Model for the Evaluation of the Territorial Adequacy of the Urban Process in Coastal Areas". Land 13, nr 1 (19.01.2024): 109. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land13010109.

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Coastal spaces are shaped by human activity. Approaching their urban spaces allows us to analyse the concepts of structure, growth, and management. Highlighting the problems associated with these concepts can lead to intensive scientific analysis and provide solid research methods. This paper focuses on the study of how the process of territorial occupation takes place and the urban forms it generates on the Spanish Mediterranean coast. It is based on the consideration that the process of territorial occupation is deficient in its territorial adequacy. To analyse this, a methodology is proposed that addresses processes of analysis at different scales: dynamics of changes in land use, the study of the morphologies of urban development with spatial analysis tools, and the adaptation of urban processes to the characteristics of the spaces that support them with multi-criteria evaluation techniques and GIS (Geographical Information Systems). The results are specified in five degrees of suitability of the occupation of the territory. Two conclusions can be observed: first, urban planning gives rise to forms of occupation that follow a similar pattern in the twenty areas studied, and second, the suitability of the urban process is not governed by planning based on precepts of suitability and environmental logic but by a weakness of the adapted planning methods.

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Gonçalves, Monica Villaça, Pamela Cristina Bianchi i Marina Jorge da Silva. "Ações territoriais na Terapia Ocupacional: práticas, reflexões e novos debates em foco/ Territorial practices in occupational therapy: practices, reflections and new debates in focus". Revista Interinstitucional Brasileira de Terapia Ocupacional - REVISBRATO 7, nr 3 (15.08.2023): 1833–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.47222/2526-3544.rbto60029.

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Desde a década de 1980, terapeutas ocupacionais brasileiras têm compreendido o trabalho territorial como estratégico para efetivação de práticas profissionais pautadas pela cidadania e pelos direitos humanos e sociais, em busca da participação social de sujeitos individuais e coletivos. A Terapia Ocupacional tem produzido seus referenciais teórico-metodológicos considerando a dimensão territorial da atuação técnica, ética e política em suas diversas subáreas. Este dossiê apresenta 16 artigos, sendo dois editoriais, o texto da imagem da capa, dois de análise de prática, três temas da atualidade e oito artigos originais.Palavras-chave: Terapia Ocupacional. Território sociocultural. Prática profissional AbstractSince the 1980s, Brazilian occupational therapists have understood territorial work as strategic to implement professional practices guided by citizenship and human and social rights in search of social participation for individuals and collectives/groups. Occupational Therapy has produced its theoretical-methodological references considering the territorial dimension of technical, ethical and political action in its various sub-areas. This dossier presents 16 articles, including two editorials, the text of the cover image, two critical practice analyses, three current issues and eight original articles.Keywords: Occupational Therapy. Sociocultural Territory. Professional Practice. ResumenDesde la década de 1980, los terapeutas ocupacionales brasileños han entendido el trabajo territorial como estratégico para la realización de prácticas profesionales basadas en la ciudadanía y los derechos humanos y sociales, buscando la participación social de los sujetos individuales y colectivos. La Terapia Ocupacional ha producido sus referenciales teórico-metodológicos considerando la dimensión territorial del actuar técnico, ético y político en sus diversas subáreas. Este número especial presenta 16 artículos: dos editoriales, el texto de la imagen de portada, dos análisis de práctica, tres temas de actualidad y ocho artículos originales.Palabras clave: Terapia Ocupacional. Territorio sociocultural. Práctica profesional

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Georg Uebel, Roberto Rodolfo, i Rita Inês Paetzhold Pauli. "A IMIGRAÇÃO COMO UMA POLÍTICA DE DEFESA NACIONAL: É POSSÍVEL? O CASO DA IMIGRAÇÃO ESPANHOLA PARA A OCUPAÇÃO DA FRONTEIRA SUL DO BRASIL / Immigration as a National Defence Policy: is it Possible? The Case of the Spanish Immigration to the Occupation of Brazilian Southern Borderland". Geographia Meridionalis 1, nr 2 (18.12.2015): 315. http://dx.doi.org/10.15210/gm.v1i2.6015.

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O processo colonial do Brasil trouxe muitas questões sobre a ocupação do seu espaço territorial por colonos e imigrantes como uma forma de apropriação das territorialidades fronteiriças do país visando à conservação e defesa do jovem Estado. Todavia, o povoamento específico do estado do Rio Grande do Sul por imigrantes europeus observou um caráter não só econômico, mas também estratégico, de defesa das fronteiras. Nesse sentido, o presente trabalho aborda o caso da imigração espanhola para a fronteira sul do Brasil com o Uruguai e Argentina e também, por meio do Acordo de Migração entre Brasil e Espanha, as especificidades e pontualidades que essa distinta imigração trouxe à luz de uma possível e subjetiva política de defesa nacional, em prol do estabelecimento e consolidação das fronteiras brasileiras no território do Rio Grande do Sul. Este estudo é resultado de pesquisas documentais e in loco acerca da imigração espanhola e seus aportes econômicos, sociolaborais e territoriais no Rio Grande do Sul durante o século XX, que dentre suas potencialidades verificou a possibilidade político-militar de defesa nacional por meio de um acordo de migração, fato inédito até então na historiografia do país.ABSTRACTThe colonization process of Brazil brought many questions about the occupation of its territorial space by settlers and immigrants as a way of appropriation of the border territorialities of the country aiming at the conservation and protection of the young State. However, the specific settlement of the state of Rio Grande do Sul by European immigrants noticed not only an economic, but also a strategic, of borderlands defence features. In this sense, the present work deals with the case of Spanish immigration to the southern border of Brazil with Uruguay and Argentina and also, through the Migration Agreement between Brazil and Spain, the specificities of this distinct immigration that brought to light a possible and subjective policy of national defence, towards the establishment and consolidation of Brazilian borders on the territory of Rio Grande do Sul. This study is result of documentary and literature review researches about the Spanish immigration and its economic, socio-occupational and territorial contributions in Rio Grande do Sul during the twentieth century, which, among its potentialities verified the political and military possibility of national defence through an immigration agreement, an unprecedented fact until then in the country's historiography.Keywords: Immigration, Spaniards, Brazil, Border, Defence.

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Alarcón Alarcón, Amado. "The language division of labour across occupations: an introduction". International Journal of the Sociology of Language 2021, nr 270 (28.05.2021): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ijsl-2021-0036.

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Abstract This special issue contributes to understanding the role of language division of labour across occupations. The articles contribute to sociological understanding and critical dialogue with a human capital perspective in the context of the information society, where language has a central role in production processes. Since information as raw material and product is linguistically encoded, language occupies a central role in new forms of division of labour. The main question in this introduction and subsequent articles is to what extent social changes of information centrality at the production level reproduce or create new social inequalities observable through the lens of language division of labour within occupations. Although progress has been made in knowledge about competencies in the information and digital environment, little is known about specific linguistic needs across occupational classifications. Given the widespread use of alphabetization, literacy is today taken as a sine qua non for entering labour markets, instead of a stratifier across occupations and social structure. Nevertheless, in this special issue authors show that language of origin, second-language knowledge, and other literacies, such as communicative skills, become key stratifier factors. This is observable at the territorial level, types of literacies, as well as in specific and sophisticated language professions.

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Santana, S. A., i A. C. Moura. "GEODESIGN INFORMATION MANAGEMENT AND PARAMETRIC MODELING OF TERRITORIAL OCCUPATION: NEW PARADIGMS AND CHALLENGES IN TERRITORIAL REPRESENTATION". ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XL-4/W1 (6.05.2013): 109–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprsarchives-xl-4-w1-109-2013.

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Ratner, Steven R. "Foreign Occupation and International Territorial Administration: The Challenges of Convergence". European Journal of International Law 16, nr 4 (1.09.2005): 695–719. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ejil/chi138.

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Montenegro, Yuri Fontenelle Lima, i Taís Quevedo Marcolino. "Reflexões sobre o Método Terapia Ocupacional Dinâmica e ações territoriais na atenção psicossocial/Reflections on the dynamic occupational therapy method and territorial actions in psychosocial care". Revista Interinstitucional Brasileira de Terapia Ocupacional - REVISBRATO 7, nr 3 (15.08.2023): 1946–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.47222/2526-3544.rbto58544.

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Introdução: Território tornou-se um conceito importante para a prática de terapeutas ocupacionais brasileiros a partir das reformas sanitária e psiquiátrica, com destaque para a atenção psicossocial. O Método Terapia Ocupacional Dinâmica apresenta um arcabouço teórico-metodológico para pensar e investigar a prática da profissão. Objetivo: Apontar relações entre um referencial teórico-metodológico brasileiro específico de terapia ocupacional e a atenção psicossocial, tendo o território como eixo de análise. Métodos: Pesquisa teórico-conceitual com apresentação de dois casos clínicos para analisar a prática profissional sob o referencial do Método Terapia Ocupacional Dinâmica em equipamentos da atenção psicossocial (unidade de atenção primária e centro de atenção psicossocial álcool e drogas). Resultados: Tensionam-se representações de terapia ocupacional no território como práticas que acontecem “fora dos serviços” ou “na comunidade”. Os casos analisados permitem compreender o conceito de território como dinâmico, relacional, cenário para ações e resistências cotidianas: seja no grupo que acontece dentro do serviço e que se transforma impulsionando sujeitos desejantes a agirem, ampliando relações, ações no cotidiano em movimentos dinâmicos e criativos que resistem à concepção estagnada de usuários de drogas; seja no cuidado na atenção básica em saúde quando práticas interdisciplinares e intersetoriais, mas protocolares, reconhecem inúmeras necessidades sem reconhecer os desejos dos sujeitos. Considerações finais: O arcabouço teórico-metodológico do Método Terapia Ocupacional Dinâmica apresenta conceitos e ferramentas potentes para o trabalho na atenção psicossocial. Espera-se que as reflexões apresentadas contribuam para ampliar o debate sobre o conceito de território nos diferentes intercâmbios pertinentes entre núcleo e múltiplos campos profissionais.Palavras-chave: Terapia Ocupacional. Território sociocultural. Centros de Atenção Psicossocial. Atenção Primária à SaúdeAbstractIntroduction: Territory has become an important concept for the practice of Brazilian occupational therapists, since the health and psychiatric reforms, with emphasis on psychosocial care. The Dynamic Occupational Therapy Method presents a methodological theoretical framework to think and investigate the clinic of the profession. Objective: To point out relations between a specific brazilian theoretical-methodological framework of occupational therapy and its use in Psychosocial Care, with the territory as the axis of analysis. Methods: Theoretical-conceptual research with the presentation of two clinical cases to analyze professional practice under the framework of the Dynamic Occupational Therapy Method in psychosocial care equipment (primary health care unit and psychosocial care center alcohol and other drugs). Results: Representations of occupational therapy in the territory as practices that take place “outside the services” or “in the community” are questioned. The analyzed cases allow us to understand the concept of territory as dynamic, relational, scenario for everyday actions and resistance: whether in the group that takes place within the service and that transforms itself, impelling desiring persons to act, expanding relationships, actions in everyday life in dynamic and creative movements that resist the stagnant conception of drug users; whether in care in primary health care when interdisciplinary and intersectoral practices, but protocolar ones, recognize numerous needs without recognizing the desires of the persons. Final considerations: The theoretical-methodological framework of the Dynamic Occupational Therapy Method presents powerful concepts and tools for work in psychosocial care. We expect that the reflections presented can contribute to broadening the debate on the concept of territory in the different relevant exchanges between the professional nucleus and multiple fields. Keywords: Occupational Therapy. Sociocultural territory. Mental Health Services. Primary Health CareResumenIntroducción: El territorio se ha convertido en un concepto importante para la práctica de los terapeutas ocupacionales brasileños desde las reformas de salud y psiquiátrica, con énfasis en la atención psicosocial. El Método Terapia Ocupacional Dinámica presenta un marco teórico metodológico para pensar e investigar la práctica de la profesión. Objetivo: Señalar las relaciones entre un marco teórico-metodológico brasileño específico de la terapia ocupacional y la Atención Psicosocial, con el territorio como eje de análisis. Métodos: investigación teórico-conceptual con la presentación de dos casos clínicos para analizar la práctica profesional en el marco del Método Terapia Ocupacional Dinámica en equipos de atención psicosocial (unidad de atención primaria de salud y centro de atención psicosocial alcohol y otras drogas) Resultados: Se destacan las representaciones de la terapia ocupacional en el territorio como prácticas que se dan “fuera de los servicios” o “en la comunidad”. Los casos analizados permiten comprender el concepto de territorio como dinámico, relacional, escenario de acciones y resistencias cotidianas: ya sea en el grupo que acontece dentro del servicio y que se transforma, impulsando a los sujetos deseantes a actuar, ampliando relaciones, acciones en lo cotidiano la vida en movimientos dinámicos y creativos que resisten la concepción estancada de los usuarios de drogas; ya sea en la atención en la atención primaria de salud cuando las prácticas interdisciplinarias e intersectoriales, pero protocolizadas, reconocen numerosas necesidades sin reconocer los deseos de los sujetos. Consideraciones finales: El marco teórico-metodológico del Método Terapia Ocupacional Dinámica presenta poderosos conceptos y herramientas para el trabajo en la atención psicosocial. Se espera que las reflexiones presentadas contribuyan a ampliar el debate sobre el concepto de territorio en los diferentes intercambios relevantes entre el núcleo y múltiples campos profesionales.Palabras clave: Terapia Ocupacional. Territorio sociocultural. Servicios de Salud Mental. Primaria de Salud

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Howland, Douglas. "Sovereign Claims and Possessions – The Beginnings of the Territorial State". International Journal of Social Science Studies 7, nr 6 (17.10.2019): 71. http://dx.doi.org/10.11114/ijsss.v7i6.4566.

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Royal claims from the age of exploration persisted into the 19th century, when they began to be replaced by claims to territory on the part of States. Sovereignty over territory was increasingly phrased in terms of “jurisdiction” and, as the State became a territorial entity, an equivalence was posed between “territorial sovereignty” and “territorial jurisdiction.” Boundary disputes in the 19th century provide evidence for the transition, and these were invited largely by conflicts over commercial prerogatives in one or another place. Three territorial practices in the 19th century identify the beginnings of the territorial orientation of the State: effective occupation, boundary differentiation, and administrative jurisdiction.

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Payind, Alam. "Soviet – Afghan Relations From Cooperation to Occupation". International Journal of Middle East Studies 21, nr 1 (luty 1989): 107–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002074380003213x.

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In the field of international relations, the 1979 Soviet occupation of Afghanistan has raised major issues concerning regional security and superpower relations. By introducing Soviet military forces in a traditionally nonaligned country, the Kremlin initiated a more aggressive pattern in its foreign policies. This occupation was the Soviet Union's first territorial expansion by direct use of military power since World War II.

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Akande, Dapo, i Antonios Tzanakopoulos. "Legal: Use of Force in Self-Defence to Recover Occupied Territory". European Journal of International Law 32, nr 4 (1.11.2021): 1299–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ejil/chab109.

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Abstract This article argues that, in certain circumstances, it is legal for a state to use force in self-defence in order to recover territory unlawfully occupied by another state as a result of an armed attack. Where occupation follows from an unlawful armed attack, the occupation is a continuing armed attack, and the attacked state does not lose its right to self-defence simply because of passage of time. It is argued that while it is trite law that territorial disputes cannot be resolved by recourse to force, it is important to draw the distinction between a territorial dispute, on the one hand, and a situation of armed attack resulting in occupation of territory, on the other. Furthermore, where years pass between the initial attack and the use of force in self-defence, that may suggest that there is no other reasonable means of bringing the armed attack and occupation to an end, rendering the use of force in self-defence the ultima ratio – which is precisely the point of the necessity requirement. On this view, time runs against, rather than in favour of, the aggressor.

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Correia, Ricardo Lopes. "Memória de bairro como projeto de vida coletiva a partir da abordagem de terapia ocupacional de ensinagem em desenvolvimento local participativo/Neighborhood memory as a collective life project from the occupational therapy approach of “ensinagem” in participatory local development". Revista Interinstitucional Brasileira de Terapia Ocupacional - REVISBRATO 6, nr 1 (1.02.2022): 666–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.47222/2526-3544.rbto47514.

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Objetivo: Trata-se de uma imagem de capa que aborda o raciocínio profissional, sustentado pela abordagem de terapia ocupacional de ensinagem em desenvolvimento local participativo, durante a construção de um projeto de vida coletiva, relacionado à memória de um bairro de assentamento rural e luta pela moradia, no ano de 2014. Descrição da imagem: As imagens colaboram esteticamente para identificar os procedimentos da abordagem, que servem como pistas para orientar a prática de terapeutas ocupacionais atenta às questões territoriais-comunitárias.Palavras-chave: Comunidades. Desenvolvimento local. Direitos humanos/Direito à cidade. Raciocínio profissional. Terapia Ocupacional. Território.AbstractAim: This is a cover image that addresses the professional reasoning supported by the occupational therapy of “ensinagem” in participatory local development approach during the construction of a collective life project related to the memory of a rural settlement neighborhood and the struggle for housing, in the year of 2014. Image description: The images collaborate aesthetically to identify the procedures of the approach that serve as clues to guide the practice of occupational therapists who are aware of territorial-community issues.Keywords: Communities. Local development. Human rights/Right to the city. Professional reasoning. Occupational therapy. Territory. ResumenObjetivo: Esta es una imagen de portada que aborda el razonamiento profesional sustentado por el enfoque de la terapia ocupacional de “ensinagem” en el desarrollo local participativo durante la construcción de un proyecto de vida colectiva relacionado con la memoria de un barrio de asentamiento rural y la lucha por la vivienda, en el año de 2014. Descripción de la imagen: Las imágenes colaboran esteticamente para identificar los procedimientos del enfoque que sirven de pistas para orientar la práctica de terapeutas ocupacionales conscientes de la problemática territorial-comunitaria.Palabras clave: Comunidades. Desarrollo local. Derechos humanos/Derecho a la ciudad. Razonamiento profesional. Terapia ocupacional. Território.

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AYER, JOAQUIM ERNESTO BERNARDES, LUCA LÄMMLE, DANILO FRANCISCO TROVO GAROFALO, RONALDO LUIZ MINCATO, LUCAS EMANUEL SERVIDONI i SUELI YOSHINAGA PEREIRA. "Dinâmica espaço-temporal do uso e ocupação da terra no Município de Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brasil." GOT - Journal of Geography and Spatial Planning, nr 21 (30.06.2021): 88–120. http://dx.doi.org/10.17127/got/2021.21.004.

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The territorial planning in the Southeast Region of Brazil was marked by marked economic cycles of land use and occupation. To assess this dynamic, surveys of historical and natural data from Ribeirão Preto – SP. In this context, the method of space-temporal analysis was adopted, based on the mapping of land use and occupation, from the reconstitution of the map of the use of 1910, together with the mapping of satellite images and aerial photographs by the method of oriented classification the object of 1973, 1985, 1995, 2005, 2015, 2019. The objective was to quantify the uses, trace trends, evaluate the effectiveness of public policies and highlight potential and environmental risks. The maps reveal the growth and expansion of agricultural frontiers, which indicates a change in the region's economic base, which has gone from being a major coffee producer to a sugarcane and agribusiness production hub. Such changes reflect the drop in the price of coffee and the federal programs to encourage the production of sugar and ethanol. Thus, the land ownership structure has not undergone major changes and continues to be dominated by large properties, but now managed by holding companies and anonymous society. Urbanization took place at an accelerated rate and was driven by the green revolution, mainly from 1960, resulting in the strong rural exodus in the region. This process resulted in a series of socio-environmental impacts, related to irregular occupations of areas for housing and increased urban and rural violence, in addition to the increased demand for natural resources, such as, for example, the increased demand for water and consequently of the waters of the Guarani Aquifer System, which resulted in the lowering of the water table and caused restrictions on its use. In addition, the region's native vegetation has been almost completely deforested and the soils show signs of accelerated erosion locally, which tends to have a deleterious impact on surface water resources, which are already suffering from municipal and industrial effluent discharge. In this context, the Ribeirão Preto region is a global agricultural economic hub, which depends on its natural potential. Therefore, the sustainable planning of territorial use and occupation should have as a priority to protect and preserve these natural resources, given the historical dependence of the municipality on it.

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Kowasch, Matthias. "Le développement de l'industrie du nickel et la transformation de la valeur environnementale en NouvelleCalédonie". Journal of Political Ecology 19, nr 1 (1.12.2012): 202. http://dx.doi.org/10.2458/v19i1.21727.

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Abstract:New Caledonia is characterized by cultural diversity, and human occupation of the territory is divided. A Melanesian, Kanak agrarian society (about 40% of the total population), and a largely urban society, of European and other origins (about 60%), co-inhabit a territory of approximately 19,000 km2. The duality of occupation is also shown in the juxtaposition of common and customary land laws. These are the result of a painful history of land dispossession during colonial times and restitution of some land to the Kanak from 1970. Kanak identity is built on the clan's history inscribed in a natural milieu where the environment, and land, has customary value, more than use value. New Caledonia has considerable mineral resources, especially nickel. Mining often creates conflict, as it raises the use value of land. Therefore, the establishment of a mine, refinery or industrial zone can often initiate assertions of clan ownership and land claims. Land rights are constantly updated, and can be renegotiated. The remodeling of the territory under mining pressures and new land allocations is a means for upward social mobility and prestige in Kanak society. These issues are demonstrated for the Federation "Djelawe" and two tribes (Oundjo and Baco) near the site of the future nickel ore processing plant and port (the Koniambo project) in the north of Grande Terre built by the local SMSP company and the Swiss Xstrata group. A discourse of environmental protection was used to restrain industrial activity but also to assert rights to clan land. But development pressures have also been used to achieve political control over land, and thus to increase clan recognition, and possible royalty payments. Thus, land claims are part of a game of prestige and power between clans and families. Socio-economic access to land, it emerges, is clearly more important in these cases than the protection of its bio-physical assets. Key words: New Caledonia, Kanak, land conflicts, nickel mining, regional development.Résumé:La Nouvelle-Calédonie se caractérise par une grande diversité culturelle, mais également par une dualité des espaces de vie. Une société agraire multiséculaire, d'origine kanak (environ 40% de la population totale), et une société majoritairement urbaine, d'origine européenne, mais largement métissée (environ 60% de la population totale), co-habitent sur un territoire d'environ 19,000 km2 qui possèdent des ressources minérales considérables, surtout en nickel. La dualité des espaces de vie se montre également dans la juxtaposition de terres soumises au droit commun et de terres soumises au droit coutumier. Ces dernières sont le fruit d'une histoire douloureuse de spoliations foncières lors de l'époque coloniale et de rétrocessions à partir des terres 1970. La perception territoriale de la population kanak s'oriente vers un modèle où la valeur patrimoniale prime sur la valeur d'usage, car l'identité kanak se construit sur l'histoire du groupe inscrit dans un environnement où tous les objets environnementaux possèdent une certaine valeur. La co-existence des lieux à forte valeur patrimoniale, les lieux sacrés, et une activité minière ou économique au sens large peut entraîner une transformation de la valeur et suscite souvent des conflits, car une légitimité foncière signifie un plus de prestige. De ce fait, la mise en place d'un projet économique – c'est-à-dire une mine, une usine métallurgique ou une zone industrielle – réveille souvent des revendications foncières. Ces revendications démontrent que les légitimités foncières sont en perpétuelle réactualisation et peuvent être renégociées. Le remodelage du territoire représente un moyen pour une ascension sociale au sein de la société kanak. Ces enjeux fonciers sont démontrés à l'exemple de la fédération « Djelawe » et de deux tribus (Oundjo et Baco) en proximité du site industriel de la future « usine du Nord », construite par un consortium de la SMSP locale et du groupe suisse Xstrata (projet Koniambo). Depuis un certain temps, la protection de l'environnement devient une préoccupation de plus en plus importante des acteurs locaux. Ce discours environnementaliste est cependant souvent instrumentalisé pour atteindre des objectifs « politico-fonciers »: une reconnaissance foncière et des royalties. Ainsi, les revendications foncières s'inscrivent dans un jeu de prestige et de pouvoir entre clans et familles. L'aspect socio-économique de l'environnement semble être clairement plus important que l'aspect bio-physique. Mots clés: Nouvelle-Calédonie, Kanak, les conflits fonciers, l'exploitation minière du nickel, du développement régional.

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Linke, Ines, Eloisa Brantes Mendes, Marcelo Rocco i Naira Ciotti. "Políticas do espaço: desordem e emergências da performance". ouvirOUver 13, nr 1 (25.05.2017): 66. http://dx.doi.org/10.14393/ouv20-v13n1a2017-5.

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A performance, como prática corporal extra cotidiana, desloca a percepção territorial dos espaços, criando intervenções que perturbam a ordem, questionam a estabilidade dos lugares, seus símbolos, usos e formas de controle. Neste texto, apresentamos as falas e os debates da mesa “Políticas do Espaço: desordem e emergências da performance”, sobre a performance em situação de intervenção urbana como instância política de percepção do espaço, que coloca em jogo a emergência de coletividades temporárias. Assim, procurou-se revisar o conceito de linguagem cênica por meio da análise de manifestações que problematizam questões estéticas e éticas do cotidiano nas cidades, através de ações coletivas e ocupações experimentais como protestos, processos de apropriação dos espaços, subversão dos lugares e deslocamentos territoriais. ABSTRACT Performance, as a non-everyday embodied practice, displaces the territorial perception of spaces, creating interventions that disturb order, question the stability of places, their symbols, uses and forms of control. In this text we present the talks and debates of the roundtable “Politics of Space: disorder and emergencies of the performance”, dealing with performances in an urban intervention situation as a political instance of perception of space that put at stake the emergence of temporary collectivities. Thus, we sought to revise the concept of scenic language through the analysis of manifestations that problematize aesthetic and ethical issues in daily of the cities, through collective actions and experimental occupations such as protests, processes of appropriation of spaces, subversion of places and territorial displacements. KEY WORDS: Intervention, performance, space, politics.

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Labrecque-Foy, Julie-Pascale, Hubert Morin i Miguel Montoro Girona. "Dynamics of Territorial Occupation by North American Beavers in Canadian Boreal Forests: A Novel Dendroecological Approach". Forests 11, nr 2 (14.02.2020): 221. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f11020221.

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Research Highlights: Our study highlights a new, simple, and effective method for studying the habitat use by beavers in Canadian boreal forests. Information regarding the presence of beaver colonies and their habitat occupation is essential for proper forest management and damage prevention in the boreal forest. Background and Objectives: The North American beaver (Castor canadensis) is a major element of natural disturbance, altering the dynamics and structure of boreal forest landscapes. Beaver-related activities also affect human infrastructure, cause floods, and lead to important monetary losses for forestry industries. Our study aimed to determine the spatiotemporal patterns of beaver occupation of lodges over time. Materials and Methods: Using a dendroecological approach to date browsing activity, we studied the occupation of two lodges per water body for eight water bodies located in the boreal forest of Québec, Canada. Results: Three sites showed alternating patterns of lodge use (occupation) over time, three sites (37.5%) demonstrated no alternating patterns of use, and two sites (25%) presented unclear patterns of lodge use. Conclusions: Alternating patterns of lodge use can be linked to food depletion and the need to regenerate vegetation around lodges, while non-alternating patterns may be related to fluctuations in water levels, the specific shrub and tree species surrounding the lodges, the size of the beaver territory, and the number of lodges present on a water body.

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Delgado-Sánchez, Dayana. "Evolution of occupational illness in Spain during 2009-2020: Territorial and industrial trends". Tec Empresarial 17, nr 1 (2.01.2023): 18–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.18845/te.v17i1.6474.

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This study analyzes the temporal evolution of occupational illnesses and their causing agents in Spain during the period 2009-2020, paying close attention to territorial and industrial trends. Similar to the case of work accidents, results suggest a positive association between the state of the economic cycle and the incidence rate of occupational illnesses. The reported increase in occupational illnesses between 2009 and 2020 should not be interpreted as bad news. Regulatory changes underwent by Spain’s government introduced a logical harmonization in illnesses’ notification criteria, which led to a temporal convergence of occupational illnesses with and without work leave days. Also, legal reforms facilitated the updating of the list of occupational illnesses and their causing agents, which constitutes a sign that the level of protection of Spanish workers improved, in terms of occupational health and safety at the workplace

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Fox, Gregory H. "Transformative occupation and the unilateralist impulse". International Review of the Red Cross 94, nr 885 (marzec 2012): 237–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1816383112000598.

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AbstractThe 2003 occupation of Iraq ignited an important debate among scholars over the merits of transformative occupation. An occupier has traditionally been precluded from making substantial changes in the legal or political infrastructure of the state it controls. But the Iraq experience led some to claim that this ‘conservationist principle’ had been largely ignored in practice. Moreover, transformation was said to accord with a variety of important trends in contemporary international law, including the rebuilding of post-conflict states along liberal democratic lines, the extra-territorial application of human rights treaty obligations, and the decline of abstract conceptions of territorial sovereignty. This article argues that these claims are substantially overstated. The practice of Occupying Powers does not support the view that liberal democratic transformations are widespread. Human rights treaties have never been held to require states parties to legislate in the territories of other states. More importantly, the conservationist principle serves the critical function of limiting occupiers' unilateral appropriation of the subordinate state's legislative powers. Post-conflict transformation has indeed been a common feature of post-Cold War legal order, but it has been accomplished collectively, most often via Chapter VII of the UN Charter. To grant occupiers authority to reverse this trend by disclaiming any need for collective approval of ‘reforms’ in occupied states would be to validate an anachronistic unilateralism. It would run contrary to the multilateralization of all aspects of armed conflict, evident in areas well beyond post-conflict reconstruction.

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Ahn, Junhyeong. "International Territorial Administration and the Application of International Law of Occupation". KOREAN JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL LAW 64, nr 1 (31.03.2019): 125–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.46406/kjil.2019.03.64.1.125.

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DE OLIVEIRA, ÉRIKA MUNIQUE. "O SIGNIFICADO DO PROCESSO DE MODERNIZAÇÃO AGRÍCOLA E OS IMPACTOS AMBIENTAIS EM ÁREAS DE CERRADO". Revista Cerrados 16, nr 01 (11.03.2020): 40–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.22238/rc24482692201816014058.

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No presente artigo buscamos desenvolver uma análise crítica do processo de ocupação do Cerrado, baseando nas políticas econômicas desenvolvidas no Brasil a partir do século XX. Para efeitos de discussão, no primeiro momento tratamos dos principais programas desenvolvidos para ocupação do cerrado; no segundo os impactos ambientais ocorridos a partir da implantação do modelo capitalista de produção. Percebe-se que as ações governamentais privilegiaram os interesses do agronegócio, fator que tem resultado na destruição da fauna, flora e dos componentes bióticos que dela sobrevivem. Portanto, a ocupação do Cerrado mediada por políticas territoriais serviram como incentivo à exploração econômica do bioma para favorecer grandes empresas agrícolas, desprezando todos os componentes bióticos que garantem o equilíbrio natural do sistema vida e do trabalho do homem do campo. Palavras-chave: Cerrado. Modernização agrícola. Impactos ambientais. THE MEANING OF THE PROCESS OF AGRICULTURAL MODERNIZATION AND ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS IN CERRADO AREAS ABSTRACT In this article we seek to develop a critical analysis of the occupation process of the Cerrado, based on the economic policies developed in Brazil from the twentieth century. For the purposes of discussion, we first dealt with the main programs developed for occupation of the cerrado; in the second, the environmental impacts that occurred from the implantation of the capitalist model of production. It is noticed that the governmental actions privileged the interests of agribusiness; A factor that has resulted in the destruction of fauna and flora and the biotic components that survive. Therefore, the occupation of the Cerrado mediated by territorial policies served as an incentive to the economic exploitation of the biome to favor large agricultural enterprises, neglecting all the biotic components that guarantee the natural balance of the life system and the work of the man of the field. Keywords: Cerrado. Agricultural modernization. Environmental impacts. EL SIGNIFICADO DEL PROCESO DE MODERNIZACIÓN AGRÍCOLA Y LOS IMPACTOS AMBIENTALES EN ÁREAS DE CERRADO RESUMEN En el presente artículo buscamos desarrollar un análisis crítico del proceso de ocupación del Cerrado, basándose en las políticas económicas desarrolladas en Brasil a partir del siglo XX. A efectos de discusión, en el primer momento tratamos de los principales programas desarrollados para ocupación del cerrado; en el segundo los impactos ambientales ocurridos a partir de la implantación del modelo capitalista de producción. Se percibe que las acciones gubernamentales privilegiaron los intereses del agronegocio; Factor que ha resultado en la destrucción de la fauna y la flora y de los componentes bióticos que de ella sobreviven. Por lo tanto, la ocupación del Cerrado mediada por políticas territoriales sirvió como incentivo a la explotación económica del bioma para favorecer a grandes empresas agrícolas, despreciando todos los componentes bióticos que garantizan el equilibrio natural del sistema de vida y del trabajo del hombre del campo. Palabras clave: Cerrado. Modernización agrícola. Impactos ambientales.

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Tawil-Souri, Helga. "Digital Occupation: Gaza's High-Tech Enclosure". Journal of Palestine Studies 41, nr 2 (1.01.2012): 27–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/jps.2012.xli.2.27.

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In disengaging from the Gaza Strip in 2005, Israel did not end the occupation but technologized it through purportedly “frictionless” hightechnology mechanisms. The telecommunications sector was turned over to the Palestinian Authority under Oslo II and subcontracted to Palestine Telecommunications Company (PALTEL), furthering a neoliberal economic agenda that privately “enclosed” digital space. Coming on top of Israel's ongoing limitations on Palestinian land-lines, cellular, and Internet infrastructures, the result is a “digital occupation” of Gaza characterized by increasing privatization, surveillance, and control. While deepening Palestinian economic reliance on Israel and making Palestinian high-tech firms into dependent agents, digital occupation also enhances Israel's territorial containment of the Strip.

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Bernardt, Jovana, Pricila Arrojo Silva i Bianca Gonçalves de Carrasco Bassi. "Telessaúde e terapia ocupacional: uma análise crítica da prática voltada ao contexto da atenção primária à saúde/ Telehealth and occupational therapy: A critical analysis of practice directed on the context of primary health care". Revista Interinstitucional Brasileira de Terapia Ocupacional - REVISBRATO 6, nr 3 (13.08.2022): 1237–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.47222/2526-3544.rbto43890.

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Contextualização: Este artigo trata sobre a utilização da telessaúde em Terapia Ocupacional. Processo de Intervenção/acompanhamento: consiste na realização de teleconsultas e telemonitoramentos, em Terapia Ocupacional na Atenção Primária à Saúde, do Programa de Extensão Reabilitação Baseada na Comunidade. Análise crítica da prática: A pandemia, causada pelo novo coronavírus, tem desafiado os profissionais de saúde na prestação de cuidados aos usuários, tendo em vista as medidas de isolamento/distanciamento social para conter a propagação do vírus. Neste contexto, a telessaúde tem se constituído como uma estratégia na prestação de cuidados em saúde aos usuários, seus familiares e comunidades nos contextos territoriais e comunitários. Síntese das considerações: A telessaúde tem se mostrado como uma estratégia de cuidado possível ao Terapeuta Ocupacional em tempos de pandemia, porém, ainda, não acessível a toda população brasileira, devido às desigualdades de acesso a equipamentos e conectividade virtual.Palavras-chave: Pandemia. Terapia Ocupacional. Telessaúde. Atenção Primária à Saúde. Abstract Contextualization: This article deals with the use of telehealth in Occupational Therapy. Intervention process/accompaniment Consists of teleconsultations and telemonitoring, in Occupational Therapy in Primary Health Care, of the Community Based Rehabilitation Extension Program. Critical analysis of the practice: A pandemic caused by the new coronavirus has challenged health professionals in providing care to users, with a view to isolation / social distance measures to contain the spread of the virus. In this context, telehealth has been constituted as a strategy in the provision of health care to users, their families and communities in territorial and dependent contexts. Summary of considerations: A telehealth function is a possible care strategy for the Occupational Therapist in times of pandemic, however, not yet accessible to the entire Brazilian population due to inequalities in access to equipment and virtual connectivity.Keywords: Pandemic. Occupational Therapy. Telehealth. Primary Health Care. Resumen Contextualización: Este artículo trata sobre el uso de la telesalud en la Terapia Ocupacional. Proceso de intervención/seguimento: consiste en teleconsultas y telemonitorización, en Terapia Ocupacional en Atención Primaria de Salud, del Programa de Extensión de Rehabilitación Basada en la Comunidad. Análisis crítico de la práctica: La pandemia provocada por el nuevo coronavirus ha desafiado a los profesionales de la salud en la atención a los usuarios, ante las medidas de aislamiento / distancia social para contener la propagación del virus. En este contexto, la telesalud se ha constituido como una estrategia en la prestación de servicios de salud a los usuarios, sus familias y comunidades en contextos territoriales y comunitários. Resumen de consideraciones: : La telesalud ha demostrado ser una posible estrategia de atención para los terapeutas ocupacionales en tiempos de pandemia, pero aún no es accesible para toda la población brasileña debido a las desigualdades en el acceso a equipos y conectividad virtual.Palabras clave: Pandemia. Terapia Ocupacional. Telesalud. Atención Primaria de salud.

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Zilli, Julio Cesar, Adriana Carvalho Pinto Vieira i Kelly Lissandra Bruch. "POLÍTICAS PÚBLICAS COMO INSTRUMENTO PARA O DESENVOLVIMENTO DAS INDICAÇÕES GEOGRÁFICAS". Revista Foco 9, nr 2 (7.12.2016): 138. http://dx.doi.org/10.28950/1981-223x_revistafocoadm/2016.v9i2.293.

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Nos últimos anos as indicações geográficas (IG’s) têm sido consideradas como indutoras de desenvolvimento de uma região, com a valorização dos recursos territoriais e possibilitando o surgimento de novos nichos de mercados. Nesse contexto, o trabalho tem por objetivo compreender as políticas públicas como instrumentos indutores do desenvolvimento para os territórios que tenham o registro de indicações geográficas. A pesquisa se caracteriza como descritiva, bibliográfica e um estudo de caso. Decorrente da valorização dos recursos territoriais com a possibilidade do surgimento de novos nichos de mercados, nos últimos anos as IG têm sido consideradas como indutoras de desenvolvimento de uma região, principalmente a partir de políticas públicas. E este fato pode ser verificado na região delimitada pela Indicação de Procedência dos Vales da Uva Goethe. Neste sentido, as IGs podem ser pensadas como uma ferramenta de ocupação harmoniosa do espaço cultural produtivo, aliando a valorização de um produto típico e seus aspectos históricos e culturais, à conservação da biodiversidade e o desenvolvimento rural. In recent years, geographical indications (GIs) have been considered as inducing the development of a region, with the valorization of territorial resources and allowing the emergence of new market niches. In this context, the study aims to understand public policies as inducing instruments for the development of territories with geographical indications. The research is characterized as descriptive, bibliographical and a case study. Due to the valorization of the territorial resources with the possibility of the emergence of new market niches, in the last years the GIs have been considered as inducers of development of a region, mainly from public policies. And this fact can be verified in the region bounded by the Indication of Origin of Goethe Grape Vales. In this sense, GIs can be thought of as a tool for harmonious occupation of the productive cultural space, combining the valorization of a typical product and its historical and cultural aspects, biodiversity conservation and rural development.

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Sosa Caballero, Celina Michelle. "Morfología territorial del Valle de Comayagua, Honduras". Revista Geográfica de América Central 2, nr 73 (1.07.2024): 205–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.15359/rgac.73-2.7.

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The Comayagua Valley in Honduras, located at coordinates 14˚38'44.73" N and 87˚38'04.90" W, stands out for its altitude of 630 meters above sea level and its dimensions of 52 km in length by 15 km in width, covering an area of 535 km². Despite its economic and connectivity importance, there is a lack of studies addressing its territorial and geomorphological unity and a characterization of its current territorial morphology. The objective of the research is to identify and analyze the shape and natural physical elements that define the Comayagua Valley. To achieve this, Geographic Information Systems tools were used to analyze river layouts, create a digital elevation model, and generate topographic profiles. The main results of this analysis reveal the natural physical elements that shape the valley, which are of vital geo-historical importance for understanding the processes of occupation and land use in the valley.

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Плєтньов, Михайло Васильович, i Вікторія Володимирівна Вахлакова. "ПОПЕРЕДНЯ ОЦІНКА СПРОМОЖНОСТІ ГРОМАД ТА РАЙОНІВ ЛУГАНСЬКОЇ ОБЛАСТІ ПІСЛЯ ДЕОКУПАЦІЇ". TIME DESCRIPTION OF ECONOMIC REFORMS, nr 4 (22.01.2024): 13–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.32620/cher.2023.4.02.

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The large-scale aggression of the Russian Federation against Ukraine at the beginning of 2022 led to the fact that the entire Luhansk region is occupied, and the Donetsk region is occupied by half. However, the issue of assessing the capacity of communities and districts after de-occupation became relevant. This is due to the fact that the assessment is influenced by many factors, the main one of which is the population that will return to those territories after de-occupation. The purpose of the article is to substantiate the calculations of the preliminary assessment of the capacity of territorial communities and districts of the Luhansk region after deoccupation. Methods used in the research: comparative analysis, detailing and generalization, grouping. The hypothesis of the study was the assumption that after the deoccupation of Luhansk region, there will be no viable territorial communities due to the depopulation of these territories. Summary of the main material: Three criteria (indicators) were used for the preliminary assessment of the capacity of territorial communities and districts of Luhansk region after de-occupation: the number of people permanently living in the territory of a capable territorial community; the number of students; share of the working population. The scenarios of the decrease in the number of the population and, accordingly, the share of the population of working age after deoccupation have been calculated. The optimistic scenario is the option when more than 70% of the population will return, most of which are of working age (more than 70%), the most realistic scenario is the return of approximately 50% of the population (the share of the population of working age from 70% to 30%), and the pessimistic scenario , this is when less than 30% of the population will return, among which less than 30% are of working age. Based on the results of the calculations, the number of capable communities and districts after de-occupation was determined. The originality and practical significance of the research consists in determining the number of capable communities and districts under optimistic and pessimistic scenarios. Conclusions and prospects for further research. Based on the results of the evaluation, it was determined that under the optimistic scenario, 26 capable communities and 7 districts will remain in Luhansk region after de-occupation, and under the pessimistic scenario, 18 communities and 4 districts will remain. However, the real scenario is more likely, i.e. it is between optimistic and pessimistic. Further research lies in the plane of detailed analysis of the real scenario of the formation of capable communities and districts in the territory of Luhansk region after the de-occupation up to the borders in 1991

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Fragelli, Clau, Leticia Ambrosio i Sabrina Helena Ferigato. "Mapeamentos dos Afetos Territoriais: construindo metodologias sensíveis em pesquisa intervenção/Mapping of Territorial Affects: building sensitive methodologies in intervention research". Revista Interinstitucional Brasileira de Terapia Ocupacional - REVISBRATO 7, nr 3 (15.08.2023): 1929–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.47222/2526-3544.rbto58634.

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Introdução: A pesquisa é uma das formas hegemônicas de se produzir conhecimento nas sociedades ocidentais no tempo contemporâneo. Não havendo uma forma única de se fazer pesquisa, é de responsabilidade de pesquisadores delimitar o referencial teórico-metodológico para atingir seus objetivos. Considera-se a pesquisa-intervenção como um método possível para pesquisas qualitativas, pois estas consideram o mundo objetivo e a subjetividade do sujeito indissociáveis. Neste contexto, a interpretação dos fenômenos não pode ser reduzida a sua quantificação ou ao que é passível de se constituir como uma evidência. Objetivos: apresentar a construção de um dispositivo metodológico artístico e visual para produção de dados, o Mapeamento de Afetos Territoriais. Método: O dispositivo surgiu no desenvolvimento de uma pesquisa de mestrado sobre saúde mental de professoras da Educação Infantil, mas pode ser proposto para um vasto campo de pesquisas qualitativas interventivas no campo da Terapia Ocupacional. Resultados e Discussões: Ao discutirmos conceitos de território, mapas e afetos de uma perspectiva da Filosofia da Diferença e da Geografia, propomos o dispositivo como uma possibilidade de co-criação de sentidos e fabulações, na medida que funciona como ato político, estético e de meditação. Conclusões: Sem a intenção de oferecer normas procedimentais para replicação, apresentamos este artigo para explanar sobre os processos da criação e aplicação-experimentação deste dispositivo. Palavras-chave: Metodologia. Pesquisa. Educação. Pesquisa Qualitativa. Terapia OcupacionalAbstractIntroduction: Research is one of the hegemonic ways of producing knowledge in Western societies in contemporary times. Since there is no single way of doing research, it is the responsibility of researchers to delimit the theoretical-methodological framework to achieve their objectives. Considering intervention research as a possible method for qualitative research, as these consider the objective world and subjectivity of the subject inseparable. In this context, the interpretation of phenomena cannot be reduced to their quantification or to what is likely to be constituted as evidence. Objectives: to present the construction of an artistic and visual methodological device for data production, the Mapping of Territorial Affects. Methods: The device emerged in the development of a master's research on mental health of teachers of Early Childhood Education, but it can be proposed for a vast field of qualitative interventional research in the field of Occupational Therapy. Results and Discussions: When we discuss concepts of territory, maps and affections from a perspective of the Philosophy of Difference and Geography, we propose the device as a possibility of co-creation of meanings and fables, insofar as it works as a political, aesthetic and cultural act. meditation. Conclusions: Without the intention of offering procedural norms for replication, we presented this article to explain the processes of creation and application-experimentation of this device.Keywords: Methodology. Research. Education. Qualitative Research. Occupational Therapy ResumenIntroducción: La investigación es una de las formas hegemónicas de producir conocimiento en las sociedades occidentales en la época contemporánea. Dado que no existe una única forma de hacer investigación, es responsabilidad de los investigadores delimitar el marco teórico-metodológico para lograr sus objetivos. Considerando la investigación de intervención como un método posible para la investigación cualitativa, ya que estas consideran inseparables el mundo objetivo y la subjetividad del sujeto. En este contexto, la interpretación de los fenómenos no puede reducirse a su cuantificación o a lo que es probable que se constituya como evidencia. Objetivos: presentar la construcción de un dispositivo metodológico artístico y visual para la producción de datos, el Mapeo de Afecciones Territoriales. Metodo: El dispositivo surgió en el desarrollo de una investigación de maestría sobre salud mental de docentes de Educación Infantil, pero puede ser propuesto para un vasto campo de investigación cualitativa intervencionista en el campo de la Terapia Ocupacional. Resultados y Discusiones: Cuando discutimos conceptos de territorio, mapas y afectos desde una perspectiva de la Filosofía de la Diferencia y la Geografía, proponemos el dispositivo como posibilidad de co-creación de sentidos y fábulas, en la medida en que funciona como herramienta política, estética y acto cultural meditación. Conclusiones: Sin ánimo de ofrecer normas procedimentales para la replicación, presentamos este articulo para explicar los procesos de creación y aplicación-experimentación de este dispositivo. Palabras-clave: Metodología. Investigación. Educación. Investigación cualitativa. Terapia ocupacional

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Verstiuk, Vladyslav. "Central Council of Ukraine: Introduction to Foreign Policy Activity". Diplomatic Ukraine, nr XIX (2018): 31–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.37837/2707-7683-2018-1.

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The article describes the time when after the fall of autocracy in the Russian Empire, the power was taken by the Central Council of Ukraine emerged in Kyiv. The fall of autocracy gave a chance for change, the newly formed Provisional Government declared its inclination to renewal and democratization processes. Ukrainians enthusiastically met the revolution. The Central Council of Ukraine emerged in Kyiv to head the national liberation movement. It based the political strategy on the slogan of gaining national-territorial autonomy of Ukraine in the Federal Democratic Republic of Russia. The strength of the federalist-autonomous model was that in the First World War it made it possible to legitimately put the “Ukrainian question” to the Provisional Government and the Russian political elite without being accused of separatism. Signing of the Brest Peace Treaty testified to the success of young non-professional Ukrainian diplomacy. This was the first earnest act of the UPR on the international scene. However, given the circumstances Ukraine experienced, it had small effect. The difference could have been made only by a third-party military aid from countries of the Fourth Alliance, which later resulted in the occupation of Ukrainian lands. Unfortunately, it turned into the occupation of Ukrainian lands. The weakest side of the Central Council was its Foreign policy. It was started with a considerable delay, it was a late reaction to the actions of the Bolsheviks. As a result, the Central Council failed to achieve recognition among the Entente countries, and a peace treaty with the Fourth Alliance in the long run, after the end of the World War, compromised Ukrainian statehood in the eyes of the victors. The author emphasizes that wartime occupations acquire take the form of colonial exploitation and subordination regimes, which is clearly illustrated by the Central Powers’ presence in Ukraine in 1918. It is also concluded that the Central Council, willing to rescue Ukraine from one disaster, brought it new challenges. Keywords: Central Council, General Secretariat, Ukraine, occupation, international scene, Brest Peace Treaty, Fourth Alliance.

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Guimarães, Solange Terezinha de Lima. "Mulheres e florestas: um estudo sobre comunidades tradicionais no PE da Serra do Mar, Núcleo Santa Virginia (PESM-NSV), estado de São Paulo, Brasil / Women and Forests: a study of traditional communities (...)". Caderno de Geografia 24, nr 42 (18.07.2014): 264–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.5752/p.2318-2962.2014v24n42p264.

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O cenário paisagístico natural do PESM-NSV abarca áreas florestais de Mata Atlântica, em suas diferentes formações, além de mananciais e recursos hídricos a serem protegidos, sendo o PESM considerado área de Reserva da Biosfera. Já o cenário cultural abriga a paisagem construída e o patrimônio imaterial das comunidades tradicionais de caipiras*, apresentando historicidade específica quanto a sua origem e identidade, modo de vida, organização social e ocupação geográfica dos seus espaços e construção de suas territorialidades. O estudo foi delineado com base na gestão de recursos hídricos e florestais alinhadas aos preceitos da Agenda 21, no que tange à “Análise das relações estruturais entre relações de gênero, meio ambiente e desenvolvimento”. Em relação à construção do referencial teórico, nos baseamos na análise da multifuncionalidade e multidimensionalidade da paisagem. A mulher emerge não somente como mediadora, mas como sujeito proativo e proambiental, liderando mudanças sociais em suas comunidades, mediante a inserção socioeconômica destas populações nas atividades do PESM-NSV, propiciando a valoração da paisagem como herança, o resgate dos significados das identidades culturais e territoriais, do etnoconhecimento, através dos saberes e práticas tradicionais, no sentido de viabilizar o desenvolvimento territorial sustentável.Palavras-chave: Gestão de Recursos Hídricos e Florestais. Agenda 21. Educação Ecológica. Parque Estadual da Serra do Mar. Comunidades Tradicionais. Gênero Feminino. ABSTRACTThe natural landscaped setting of PESM-NSV includes forest areas of the Atlantic Forest, in its different formations, besides spring water and water resources to be protected, being the PESM considered as an area of Biosphere Reserve. In the cultural setting it includes built landscape and intangible heritage of traditional communities of caipiras*, presenting historical specificity regarding their origin and identity, way of life, social organization and geographical occupation of their spaces and construction of their territoriality. The study was designed based on the management of water and forest resources aligned with the principles of Agenda 21, regarding the "Analysis of the structural links between gender relations, environment and development". Regarding the construction of the theoretical framework, the basis were the analysis of multifunctional and multidimensional landscape. Therefore, in this landscape, the woman emerges not only as a mediator, but also as the proactive subject and pro-environment, leading social changes in their communities, through the socioeconomic insertions of those populations in these visitation activities of the PESM-NSV, and also in the recovery of cultural traditions, the rescue of the meanings of cultural and territorial’s identities, the ethno-knowledge through the traditional knowledge and practices, in order to enable sustainable territorial development.Keywords: Water Resources and Forests Management. Agenda 21. Ecological Education. Parque Estadual da Serra do Mar. Traditional Communities. Female Gender.

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Miller, David. "Lockeans versus nationalists on territorial rights". Politics, Philosophy & Economics 18, nr 4 (30.05.2018): 323–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1470594x18779147.

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This article examines A. J. Simmons’ Lockean theory of territorial rights and defends the superiority of the rival nationalist theory that he rejects. It begins by arguing that all philosophical accounts of territory need to be supplemented by nonideal theory to address real-world territorial conflicts. Turning to the Lockean theory, it points out that if territorial rights are to emerge from individual property rights in land, such rights must be robust. But on Simmons’ account, individuals only have natural property rights in material things involved in their ongoing purposive activities. Thus, a state founded on such rights would be vulnerable to having neglected parts of its territory expropriated by outsiders. It might also have to downsize in response to population increases elsewhere. Nationalist theories base territorial rights on the collective occupation and transformation of land by groups with shared identities. Three charges against such theories are rebutted: (1) The idea of cohesive national cultures is a myth, in the face of internal cultural diversity. (2) Despite their appeal to history, nationalist theories privilege current possessors of land at the expense of the dispossessed. (3) Such theories cannot solve the problem of ‘trapped minorities’ who don’t share the national identity of the majority.

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Cho, Myung-Chul. "The Russo-Japanese War and Territorial Expansion : On the Sakhalin Occupation Operation". Korean Association For Japanese History 56 (31.12.2021): 139–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.24939/kjh.2021.12.56.139.

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Bianchi, Pamela Cristina. "Abordagens grupais e territoriais na terapia ocupacional: território como palco, estratégia ou fundamento/Abordajes grupales y territoriales en Terapia Ocupacional: el territorio como escenario, estrategia o fundamento". Revista Interinstitucional Brasileira de Terapia Ocupacional - REVISBRATO 7, nr 3 (15.08.2023): 2022–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.47222/2526-3544.rbto58589.

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Objetivo: Refletir sobre o conceito território e seus reflexos na proposição de práticas grupais no âmbito da Atenção Básica à Saúde. Síntese dos elementos do estudo: Partindo do pressuposto que diferentes interpretações acerca de território podem determinar diferentes ações, propõe-se a análise das abordagens grupais e territoriais a partir de três leituras distintas: território como palco, estratégia ou fundamento da prática. Conclusão: Não se trata apenas de deslocamentos e estratégias de ação no espaço físico, mas de problematizar o entendimento do território, compreender cotidianos e modos de vida e criar mecanismos para fortalecer relações de apoio, resistência e cuidado.Palavras-chave: Terapia Ocupacional; Processos grupais; Território sociocultural; Atenção Primária à Saúde Abstract Objective: Reflect on the concept of territory and its effects on the proposition of group practices within the scope of Primary Health Care. Summary of the study elements: Assuming that different interpretations of territory can determine different actions, we propose the analysis of group and territorial approaches from three different readings: territory as a stage, strategy or practice foundation. Conclusion: It is not just a question of displacements and action strategies in the physical space, but of problematizing the understanding of the territory, understanding everyday life and ways of life and creating mechanisms to strengthen relationships of support, resistance and care.Keywords: Occupational Therapy; Group Processes; Sociocultural Territory; Primary Health CareResumenObjetivo: Reflexionar sobre el concepto territorio y sus reflejos en la proposición de prácticas grupales en la Atención Primaria a Salud.Síntesis de los elementos del estudio: Partiendo del supuesto de que diferentes interpretaciones del territorio pueden determinar diferentes acciones, proponemos el análisis de abordajes grupales y territoriales desde tres lecturas distintas: el territorio como escenario, estrategia o fundamento de la práctica.Conclusión: No se trata solo de desplazamientos y estrategias de acción en el espacio físico, sino de problematizar la comprensión del territorio, comprender la cotidianidad y los modos de vida y crear mecanismos para fortalecer relaciones de apoyo, resistencia y cuidado.Palabras clave: Terapia Ocupacional; Procesos de grupo; Territorio sociocultural; Atención Primaria de Salud

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Richiedei, Anna. "The Valuation of Idle Real Estate in Rural Areas: Analysis and Territorial Strategies". Sustainability 12, nr 19 (7.10.2020): 8240. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12198240.

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Knowledge of the environment and its weaknesses is the first step in addressing urban development in a more sustainable direction, seeking, for example, to limit the occupation of new land. This research presents a methodology for identifying unused buildings in rural areas and providing strategies for the recovery and reuse of building heritage. The reuse of idle buildings, which are numerous and widespread in Italian agricultural areas, represents a valid opportunity to contain land occupation, redevelop unused areas (often degraded) and develop employment opportunities and social dynamics (as in the case of nonresidential use). The paper defines an expeditious methodology for the identification and subsequent mapping, on a municipal scale, of the unused building heritage that is external to the consolidated urban fabric. The initial data from a case study for the municipality of Chiari (in Italy) are significant: more than 370 unused real estate structures were identified. A successive analysis identified the individual buildings that were completely unused and proposes an assessment of their potential recovery value. This methodology can be useful for directing municipal urban planning strategies and regulations for the recovery of buildings in rural areas and for environmentally acceptable land utilization.

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