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1
Mitchell, Ryan. "Modelling obsessive-compulsive disorder". Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2015. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.678816.
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The Salkovskis (1999) model of obsessive-compulsive disorder (QGD) provides a clinically useful aid to formulation and treatment of OCD (Fenger et al., 2007). Despite fragmented evidence for several of the components and processes in the model, to date there has been no complete empirical evaluation of the model as a whole, and as such, the model represents an untested clinical theory. The present thesis aimed to test and amend this clinical theory by a) reviewing the literature for the individual components and processes of the model; b) operationalizing the components of the model (and additional relevant phenomena) and using structural equation modelling to assess the proposed structure; c) experimentally testing the core emphasis placed by the model on misinterpretation of intrusions, by using a provocation of an obsession-like thought; and d) investigating the proposed central role for misinterpretation of intrusive thoughts in the model, by assessing the relationship between intrusions and creativity. Results indicated that whilst the Salkovskis model was empirically plausible and parsimonious, the focus on responsibility beliefs and appraisals was not sufficient to account for the full range of obsessive-compulsive phenomena. Responsibility appraisals were particularly important in eliciting neutralising behaviour, but obsessional anxiety was more closely linked with morality appraisals. The importance of/need to control thoughts and perfectionism/intolerance of uncertainty belief domains explained additional variance in the tendency to misinterpret intrusions. Disgust sensitivity was also a stronger predictor of obsessional anxiety than any obsessive belief domain, and this relationship was mediated by misinterpretations, supporting a disgust appraisal model. Additional results indicated a relationship between intrusive thoughts and creativity, and a negative relationship between misinterpretation of intrusions and creativity, providing further support for the proposed destructive role of misinterpretation of otherwise innocuous intrusive thoughts in OCD. Theoretical and clinical implications were discussed throughout.
2
Lochner, Christine. "Symptom dimensions in obsessive-compulsive disorder". Thesis, Link to the online version, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10019/1089.
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Lawrence, Beatrice D. "Temporal analysis of obsessive-compulsive disorder". Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/6032.
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Percival, Rebecca. "Magical thinking in obsessive-compulsive disorder". Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/26843.
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This study investigated the role of magical thinking in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Magical thinking was defined as the belief that having a thought may actually cause or increase the likelihood of an event happening to self or others. Cognitive and psychoanalytic models of OCD (Salkovskis, 1985; McFall and Wollersheim, 1979; Freud, 1909) have hypothesised that magical thinking or a sense of inflated personal influence may play a significant part in the phenomenology of OCD. Other authors such as Tallis (1995) have suggested how a sense of inflated personal influence might lead to the perception of excessive responsibility and guilt which also feature significantly in cognitive theories of OCD. Previous research findings from studies on the phenomenology of obsessions (Kulhara and Prasad Rao, 1985) and from the cognitive literature (Shafran, Thordarson and Rachman, 1996) have suggested that this belief may play an important role in OCD. A questionnaire tapping magical thinking was developed for use in this study adapting methods used in a previous study to assess magical thinking in children (Viken and Clausen, 1988). The questionnaire consisted of 32 items looking at various aspects of magical thinking. A pilot study was carried out to evaluate the feasibility of this questionnaire. In the main study an adapted version of this questionnaire with 16 items was used to assess magical thinking in a group of adults with a diagnosis of OCD and a control group of normal adults. There were 20 subjects in each group. The main hypothesis was that magical thinking would be higher in the obsessional sample than the control group. The results are presented and discussed in relation to previous research findings.
5
Clayton, Ian. "Selective attention in obsessive-compulsive disorder /". Title page, contents and abstract only, 1997. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PM/09pmc622.pdf.
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Bhar, Sunil S. "Self ambivalence in obsessive-compulsive disorder /". Connect to thesis, 2004. http://eprints.unimelb.edu.au/archive/00000814.
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Hartston, Heidi Jaclin. "Inhibitory deficits in obsessive compulsive disorder /". Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 1999. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p9951426.
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8
Jakes, Ian C. "An experimental investigation of obsessive compulsive disorder". Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 1992. https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/an-experimental-investigation-of-obsessive-compulsive-disorder(eaf9023a-2ed0-4e7f-b7dc-1fde9c5dee50).html.
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The thesis is divided into four parts. In Part A, what are termed the "standard diagnostic criteria" for Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder" (OCD) are reviewed, and argued to be implausible. The beginnings of an alternative approach to the definition of the disorder are presented. Empirical investigations of the characteristics of obsessive-compulsive experience among OCD sufferers are also reported. The results of these investigations both confirm the critique of the "standard diagnostic criteria", and are consistent with previous phenomenological investigations of OCD patients. Judgment is suspended as to the full importance of these diagnostic and phenomenological considerations to the understanding of OCD. In Part B, a number of theoretical approaches to OCD are discussed, including behavioural/learning accounts, "Pavlovian" personality theories, Janet's account, a "cybernetic" approach, an account from a psychodynamic perspective, and the "cognitive-structural" theory. It is argued that none of these approaches is able fully to explain the phenomena associated with OCD. In Part C, the "cognitive-structural" theory of OCD is tested empirically. Three investigations are reported, none of which provide strong support for this theory. In Part D, an attempt is made to pick out, from the approaches considered earlier, any ideas which may offer some hope of progress in the understanding and/or treatment of OCD. The suggestion which is examined to this end, made by several of the accounts considered above, is that the unassertive behaviour of some OCD patients may be an important precipitant of their symptoms. Evidence relevant to this claim, and its implications for treatment, are reviewed. It is suggested that this approach may offer some insights and useful suggestions for some cases of OCD. Some suggestions are offered as to further work which might be conducted along these lines. 4
9
Rogers, Dave Edward. "Event-related potentials in obsessive-compulsive disorder". Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2015. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.696168.
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A meta-analysis of event-related potential (ERP) studies between controls and high-OCD groups was conducted to examine whether there is a consistent relationship between differences in P300 amplitude and latency following exposure to OCD-related stimuli.After applying exclusion and inclusion criteria, 10 studies remained. The overall effect size for amplitudinal P300 differences was non-significant and results were heterogeneous, while the overall findings for latency were significant. There is therefore tentative evidence from this meta-analysis that reduced P300 latency is a neural correlate for late onset attentional bias in OCD. In the large scale study, a control group of low OCS participants ,was compared to nonclinical high OCS participants on dependent variables of event-related potential amplitude and response time. EEG differences in P100 and ipsilateral invalid negativity (IIN) were investigated as neural correlates of the facilitated attention and disengagement biases respectively. Significant differences were found between groups across IIN amplitude only, suggesting effortful disengagement only occurred in the high OCD groups under selected conditions. The implication is that delayed disengagement is the main attentional bias associated with OCD symptomatology.
10
Brakoulias, Vlasios. "Symptom-based subtypes of obsessive-compulsive disorder". Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/8861.
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Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is heterogeneous in its presentation and quests to clarify the best way to subtype OCD have remained elusive. This thesis aims to assess for symptom-based OCD subtypes in a sample of patients with OCD and to describe the characteristics of these OCD symptom subtypes. The methods used include principal components analysis of the results of the Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Scale – Symptom Checklist (YBOCS-SC) and the Vancouver Obsessional Compulsive Inventory (VOCI) self report obtained from a sample of 154 subjects with a primary diagnosis of OCD. Five symptom factors explained 67.9% of the variance. They were named: 1) hoarding; 2) contamination/cleaning; 3) symmetry/ordering; 4) unacceptable/taboo thoughts; and 5) doubt/checking. These factors were used as predictors of a number of systematically chosen characteristics and were subject to regression analyses. Results indicated that different OCD symptoms predicted different phenomenological characteristics, degrees of comorbidity, and different cognitive and emotional correlates. Results also indicate that psychological forms of therapy should be tailored to the patient’s prominent OCD symptoms. The study supported 5 major symptom dimensions rather than four. In particular, it revealed significant differences between unacceptable/taboo thoughts and doubt/checking. The results encourage researchers using symptom-based subtypes to continue their efforts with the hope of improving our understanding of the aetiology of these symptoms and the treatments that we provide patients with these symptoms.
11
Pearcy, Caitlin Patricia. "Self-help Therapy for Obsessive-compulsive Disorder". Thesis, Curtin University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/2327.
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The aim of this research was to investigate the use of self-help therapy for the treatment of Obsessive-compulsive disorder. Firstly, a meta-analytic study found that self-help therapy for OCD improved symptoms across varying levels of therapeutic contact. The second study strengthened the evidence surrounding the metacognitive model, finding significant relationships between OCD symptoms and metacognition. In the third and fourth studies, an online metacognitive program for OCD was developed and evaluated within a preliminary trial.
12
MacCallam, Jackie. "Cognitive appraisals in obsessive-compulsive disorder & other anxiety disorders". Thesis, University of Plymouth, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/1138.
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This research applied ideas from the cognition-emotion literature to some of the theories in the OCD literature, and in so doing took'Va multi-dimensional approach to the understanding of OCD. The aim of the study was to explore the nature of 'emotionalcognitive profiles'^ of people with OCD,. and to compare these 'profiles' with those of people with other anxiety disorders and people from a non-clinical population. Participants from the three groups i.e. an OCD group, an anxiety group and a non-clinical group were asked to rate a number of appraisal dimensions, in response to four vignettes. There were 10 participants in each group (N=30). The vignettes were constructed to evoke feelings of anxiety, guilt, anger and pride. The responses of each group were then compared. The results showed that when anxiety is evoked, both people suffering with OCD and people suffering with other anxiety disorders, perceived more personal responsibility and more harm to self than the non-clinical group. The OCD group also seemed to perceive more personal responsiblity in the situation of guilt, which provoked discussion about the nature and role of guilt and responsibility in the aetiology and maintenance of this disorder. The results also led to some debate about the relationship between anxiety, depression and OCD and finally, a formulation of OCD was proposed. The formulation was an attempt to incorporate thinking from both cognitive and psychodynamic perspectives and to draw together some of the theories and models of OCD, which had been discussed in the study.
13
Thordarson, Dana Sigrid. "The significance of obsessions". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/NQ56632.pdf.
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14
Grøtte, Torun. "Metacognitions, responsibility, and perfectionism in obsessive-compulsive disorder". Thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Psykologisk institutt, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-16269.
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The aim of this paper was to further test Wells` (1997) metacognitive model of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Metacognitions` (thought-fusion beliefs and beliefs about rituals) influence on obsessive-compulsive symptoms was evaluated and compared to the role of two central cognitive beliefs; inflated responsibility (Salkovskis, 1985, 1999), and perfectionism (e.g. Frost & Steketee, 1997). The following hypotheses were tested: (1) Metacognitions, inflated responsibility, and perfectionism will be positively and significantly correlated with obsessive-compulsive symptoms, (2) Metacognitions will be an independent predictor of obsessive-compulsive symptoms, even when depression and the cognitive beliefs are controlled, (3) The relationship between the cognitive beliefs and obsessive-compulsive symptoms will be dependent on metacognitions. The sample consisted of 62 OCD-patients, who completed an in-patient cognitive-behavioral treatment (CBT) with duration of three weeks. A series of correlational and multiple regression analyses were performed, and all three hypotheses were confirmed. The results provide further support for the metacognitive model of OCD (Wells, 1997).
15
O'Leary, Emily. "Cognitive processing characteristics in obsessive-compulsive disorder subtypes". Thesis, University of Canterbury. Psychology, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/1359.
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Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) is classified as an anxiety disorder characterized by distressing persistent unwanted ideas or impulses (obsessions) and urges and/or compulsion to do something to relieve the associated anxiety caused by the obsession. The thematic content of the obsessions are highly variable, ranging from symmetry, contamination to aggressive concerns. Compulsions tend to be linked to the obsessions, but can also be idiosyncratic to the intrusive thought. According to the cognitive model, Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is maintained by various belief factors such as an inflated sense of responsibility, overestimation of threat and the over-control of thoughts. Despite much support for this hypothesis, there is a lack of specificity. This series of studies sought to determine the relationship between a number of cognitive beliefs and appraisal processes and obsessive-compulsive symptoms. This thesis presents the results of three studies. The first study was designed to investigate the hypothesis that certain beliefs are more prevalent in OCD, compared with other anxiety disorders. The second study expands on earlier findings by examining whether the six metacognitive beliefs proposed by the Obsessive Compulsive Cognitions Working Group, (OCCWG; 1997, 2001, & 2003) correlate with specific symptom-based OCD subtypes. The final study addresses some of the methodological weaknesses inherent in retrospective self-report measures by replicating the study using experimental techniques. Most importantly, this research was conducted from within the theoretical framework of Rachman (1993) and Salkovskis (1989) models which emphasise the misinterpretation of significance of the intrusive thoughts. The first study explored the relationship between thought-action fusion (TAF) and inflated responsibility beliefs across individuals diagnosed with obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD), an anxiety disorder other than OCD (anxious controls; AC), and a non-anxious control group (NAC). It was hypothesized that the OCD group would evidence significantly higher inflated responsibility and TAF scores, compared to the AC and NAC groups. In this study, non-clinical and clinical participants were recruited for research. The non-clinical group was comprised of undergraduate students (n = 22: mean age = 26.8; SD = 9.2). The clinical groups included 20 participants with OCD as their primary diagnosis (mean age = 32.1; SD = 11.9) and 21 individuals diagnosed with another anxiety disorder (mean age = 32.2; SD = 10.9). To measure inflated responsibility beliefs and thought action fusion, self-report questionnaires were administered to the participants. The results of this study demonstrated that inflated responsibility beliefs, while present in other anxiety disorders, were significantly higher in participants with OCD, even after controlling for depressed mood and TAF levels. No group differences emerged between the OCD and anxious groups on measures of TAF. Thus, it can be tentatively concluded that inflated responsibility beliefs may have a more robust relationship with OCD than TAF beliefs, which appear to act as a general vulnerability factor occurring along a continuum of anxiety disorders. The second study examined the associations between the six OCD-related beliefs: control of thoughts, importance of thoughts, responsibility, intolerance of uncertainty, overestimation of threat and perfectionism and five empirically derived OCD subgroups. Clinical participants with a primary diagnosis with OCD (n = 67: mean age = 38.0; SD = 11.7) were recruited over a period of two years from the Anxiety Disorders Unit. Participant responses were cluster analysed to form five stable groups: aggressive obsessions-checking compulsions (n = 22: mean age = 26.8; SD = 9.2); contamination obsessions-cleaning compulsions (n = 22: mean age = 26.8; SD = 9.2); symmetry concerns-ordering/arranging compulsions (n = 22: mean age = 26.8; SD = 9.2); hoarding obsessions-hoarding compulsions (n = 22: mean age = 26.8; SD = 9.2); and miscellaneous obsessions -miscellaneous compulsions (n = 22: mean age = 26.8; SD = 9.2). The second found that intolerance of uncertainty was significantly related to the contamination subgroup. While responsibility and threat estimation beliefs were higher in the aggressive-checking subgroup, these differences did not reach statistical significance. No other significant results were found, however, there was a non-significant trend for perfectionism beliefs to be higher in symmetry-ordering and hoarding subgroup. Following the results of this study, questions remained about whether the lack of significant findings reflected the generality of these beliefs or were due to methodological differences. This led to the development of the final study presented in this thesis. The purpose of the final study was to investigate whether the second study was limited by the method of assessment (e.g. self-report questionnaires). This study was unique, as it was the first of its kind to experimentally manipulate all six beliefs in empirically derived OCD subtypes. Twenty participants (mean age = 45.0; SD = 11.0) were chosen from the second study to form the following priori groups: contamination (n = 4: mean age = 44.5; SD = 9.5); aggressive (n = 6: mean age = 46.5; SD = 7.2); hoarding (n = 4: mean age = 47.2; SD = 6.9); and symmetry (n = 6: mean age = 41.8; SD = 17.4). Six behavioural experiments designed to reflect one of the six OCCWG beliefs were specifically developed and administered to the groups. Baseline scores were obtained using self-report questionnaires. The study found strong support for the use of experimental paradigms over self-report measures, as several significant interactions between cognitive beliefs and OCD symptom-based subtypes were found. Specifically, the hoarding subgroup evidenced significantly higher overall thought action fusion scores compared to those in the contamination group. The symmetry subgroup exhibited significantly higher anxiety than the aggressive group during the perfectionism task and demonstrated significantly higher scores on several items measuring perfectionism compared to the contamination group. Finally, over-estimation of threat beliefs was significantly higher in the contamination thoughts. No statistically significant group differences were found for controllability of thoughts, responsibility and intolerance of uncertainty. In conclusion, these studies collectively showed that in some cases of OCD certain beliefs appear highly applicable, whereas in others they are not. This finding may explain why some OCD patients have poor treatment outcomes as the beliefs and appraisals were highly variable across groups. These findings are of both theoretical and clinical significance because they add to the growing understanding that OCD may consist of distinct clusters of symptoms with different underlying motivations and beliefs. This finding is of clinical significance because treatment guidelines for OCD can become more specific, factoring into the therapy situation these underlying beliefs and appraisal processes. Lastly, the findings regarding inflated responsibility deserve special mention, given the significance of this construct in contemporary cognitive models. The results of the present studies were mixed with regard to responsibility as only the first study found a significant result. It appears that, like the other belief domains proposed by the OCCWG, responsibility may not be specific to all types of OCD and current cognitive models may benefit was shifting the emphasis to other belief domains.
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Tong, Sung-ki Bianca, i 湯崇琪. "Emotion regulation among individuals with obsessive-compulsive disorder". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2011. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B47657376.
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Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is associated with brain abnormalities in
the areas that regulate emotions, and it is postulated that people with OCD have
difficulty downregulating ( = reducing) their negative emotions. This study
recruited 20 participants with OCD and 20 controls to rate 294 emotional photos
(emotional stimuli not related to OCD) for emotional valence. Participants were
then asked to downregulate while they saw the 20 photos with the highest negative
ratings and 20 photos with the highest positive ratings. Participants with OCD had
more difficulty downregulating their negative emotions than controls. Evidence for
that is that (1) participants with OCD gave significantly higher ratings to the
affectively negative photos in the postregulation phase, after adjusting for their
preregulation ratings and (2) participants with OCD took significantly more time to
regulate both their negative and positive emotions. The findings suggest that
individuals with OCD not only present with the symptoms that are specified in the
OCD diagnostic criteria of DSM-IV TR (American Psychiatric Association, 2000),
but also with difficulty downregulating their negative emotions to non
obsessive-compulsive (nonOC) affectively negative stimuli. Clinicians may
consider adding emotion regulation skills to psychological treatments of OCD.published_or_final_version
Clinical Psychology
Doctoral
Doctor of Psychology
17
Libby, Sarah Joy. "Cognitive appraisals in children with obsessive compulsive disorder". Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.368348.
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Bonadio, Christopher N. "Evolutionary Origins of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder and Depression". Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1216030443.
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Baugh, Thomas. "An artistic equivalence of my obsessive compulsive disorder". Thesis, University of Plymouth, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/3546.
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In this research I explore my Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) and make manifest equivalent experiences of it through art practice. I investigate my OCD through artistic enactments and test my equivalence of the framework obsessioncompulsion using installation art – an equivalence, which I suggest is a relationship between my embodied perception and my memory. My interpretation of equivalence contains characteristics that arguably align with common emotions of control and doubt, inflated sense of responsibility and fear of disaster, which, I suggest are accessible to an audience other than myself. As such, my artwork proposes that a viewer can experience my equivalence to some degree. I refer to writer David Batchelor's (1997) definition of equivalence as a starting point for this research, and question how my OCD reveals itself through memory and perception, by referring to Richard Shusterman's ideas regarding somaesthetic reflection (2008), Bergson's description of the structure of memory (2004), Paul Ricouer's link between memory and imagination (2006) and Gilles Deleuze's ideas regarding difference and repetition (2013). I also refer to theoretician Estelle Barrett and her ideas regarding “situated knowledge” (2010: 4-5) as a way to frame the subjective and personal nature of my artistic enquiry, regarding my equivalence of OCD. Within this thesis I place emphasis on art practice as a method of research and describe the processes I have used to explore my OCD and make manifest my equivalence. I refer to Clare Bishop’s (2005) phenomenological description of installation art and mimetic engulfment within this process as I consider them methods to reveal my equivalence, by making manifest the relationship between my memory and my perception, both of which are embodied experiences within my OCD. I discuss Ross G. Menzies and Padmal de Silva’s (2004) clinical definitions and descriptions of obsession, compulsion, memory deficit and checking, in addition to phenomenological and pragmatic ideas, regarding memory and perception, as a way to articulate my proposition that equivalence of my OCD is constructed of a interdependent relationship between two embodied experiences, which can be revealed through art practice. My research contributes to new knowledge as it suggests a new way of understanding OCD by employing a multi-disciplined approach to practice-led research.
20
Smith, Christian MacKenzie. "An examination of beliefs underlying obsessive compulsive disorder". Tallahassee, Fla. : Florida State University, 2009. http://purl.fcla.edu/fsu/lib/digcoll/undergraduate/honors-theses/244575.
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Herbenson, Kristi. "Obsessive-compulsive disorder an overview for school personnel /". Online version, 2009. http://www.uwstout.edu/lib/thesis/2009/2009herbensonk.pdf.
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Stevens, Kimberly Toby. "DISTRESS INTOLERANCE AND OBSESSIVE-COMPULSIVE DISORDER TREATMENT OUTCOME". OpenSIUC, 2018. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/dissertations/1600.
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Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) contributes to significant distress and chronic individual and societal impairment (e.g., DuPont et al., 1995; Ruscio et al., 2010). Despite the effectiveness of existing exposure-based therapies, some clients do not achieve symptom reduction or remission (Öst et al., 2015). Thus, identification of the mechanisms of change in treatment and more focused interventions are warranted to improve intervention effectiveness (e.g., Zvolensky et al., 2006). Distress intolerance may be an important but understudied mechanism of change in treatment for OCD. The current study replicated and extended previous findings that were limited by a small sample size (Macatee & Cougle, 2015), lack of focus on OCD specifically (McHugh et al., 2014; Bornovalova et al., 2012; Williams et al., 2013), and the use of non-clinical participants (Cougle et al., 2011; Macatee & Cougle, 2015) by using a residential and intensive outpatient sample of patients diagnosed with OCD. The current study found that reductions in DI accounted for significant improvement in OCD severity beyond changes in biological sex, anxiety change, depression change. Further, reductions in DI significantly contributed to OCD treatment response. Limitations and future directions were discussed.
23
Sadri, Shalane Kristel Ginelle. "The Role of Obsessive Compulsive Personality Disorder and Clinical Perfectionism in Obsessive Compulsive Disorder: Measurement, Psychological Intervention, and Barriers to Treatment". Thesis, Curtin University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/65997.
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Obsessive compulsive personality disorder (OCPD) and perfectionism commonly co-occur with, and can impact on the severity and treatment of obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD). Classification and methodological inconsistencies regarding the OCPD construct over time have resulted in a lack of clarity regarding the association between OCPD traits, particularly perfectionism, and OCD. This thesis presents a collection of studies that examine the measurement of the OCPD construct, and the treatment of OCD and clinical perfectionism.
24
Kinnear, Craig. "Obsessive-compulsive disorder : defining the role of gene-based variants and immunological factors". Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/52377.
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Li, Yiu-bun, i 李耀斌. "Comorbid obsessive-compulsive symptoms (OCSs) and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) in patients with schizophrenia treated with clozapine or haloperidol". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/200383.
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Aims: A case-control study is done aiming(i)to explore the prevalence of OCSs and OCD among patients with Schizophrenia treated with Clozapine(Target group)in comparison with those treated with Haloperidol(Control group), (ii) to identify the associative factors in relationship with OCSs and OCD in Schizophrenia patients treated with Clozapine in comparison with Haloperidol , (iii)to find out predictors for the increase of OCSs and OCD among patients treated with Clozapine in comparison with Haloperidol. All these information may contribute to the understanding of the underlying etiology of OCSs and OCD.
Method: Sample is comprised with patients aged 18-65 who meet the diagnostic criteria of Schizophrenia-spectrum disorder based on ICD 10 and retrieval of medical records. A total of 120 patients, comprising 30 males and 30 females patients currently prescribed with Clozapine(Target group)whereas30 male and 30 female patients are currently prescribed with Haloperidol (Control group)were identified from the Schizophrenia outpatient clinic in the same hospital. Both groups will be matched with gender. Obsessive compulsive symptoms were measured with the Chinese version of Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale to rate the severity of the symptoms. The severity of Schizophrenia symptoms was rated by the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale, and the Clinical Global Impression was used to measure severity symptoms in general. The social functioning of patient was rated by The Social and Occupational Functioning Assessment Scale(SOFAS). A clinical interview questionnaire was developed to determine the social and demographic characteristics, as well as other clinical features of the disorder. It included patient’s age, frequency of hospitalisation, age of onset and duration of Schizophrenia, age of onset and duration of OCSs and OCD and age of first hospitalisation, Duration of Untreated Psychosis (DUP) and current antipsychotic medication dosage( Chlorpromazine equivalent dose).
Results: From the 120 patients identified and approached, 96 (80%) patients (48 male and 48 female patients) were consented for the study. The current study found that among those prescribed with Clozapine (Target group), there were 26.5% comorbid with OCSs and OCD, whereas none patients reported OCSs and OCD among the Haloperidol Control group.
Patients with OCSs and OCD were significantly correlated with PANSS Positive Syndrome Score and PANSS Total Syndrome Score factors analysis by the N Par test of Mann-Whitney U, Wilcoxon W and Z score for Asymp.
Using correlations test analysis, the most significantly factors to OCSs and OCD are Clozapine (Target group), PANSS Positive Syndrome Score and PANSS Total Syndrome Score.
Result showed that those three factors cannot be the prediction of OCSs and OCD from the Binary logistic regression analysis.published_or_final_version
Psychological Medicine
Master
Master of Psychological Medicine
26
Prat, Nicolas. "Cognitive style or defense mechanism? an experimental investigation of the hysterical personality /". Access restricted to users with UT Austin EID, 2001. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/fullcit?p3035165.
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Cook, Laura Michele. "Elucidating the relation of hoarding to obsessive compulsive disorder and impulse control disorders". Diss., Online access via UMI:, 2007.
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28
Tobiassen, Linn Graham. "Eating Disorders in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder : Prevalence and Effect on Treatment Outcome". Thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Psykologisk institutt, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-25188.
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The aim of the present study was to examine the prevalence of eating disorder symptoms in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Additional aims were to assess whether having comorbid eating disorders could influence the treatment outcome for OCD, and if symptoms of eating disorders were reduced after treatment for OCD. The sample consisted of 93 patients with a primary diagnosis of OCD. The patients underwent assessment with the Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale, Beck Depression Inventory, and Eating Disorder Inventory both prior to and after treatment. First, the analysis showed that the sample of OCD patients had higher prevalence of eating disorders than a population of physically active students. Moreover, the women in the sample had significantly more symptoms of eating disorders than the men. Correlational analysis showed that eating disorders did not affect the treatment outcome for OCD; the patients generally had a significant improvement of OCD symptoms. On the other hand, symptoms of eating disorders were not significantly reduced after treatment. Summarized, this study concludes that there is a high prevalence of eating disorder symptoms among patients with OCD. It further shows that comorbid eating disorders does not hinder the effect of treatment for OCD. However, as the symptoms of eating disorders persist after such treatment, an implication of the present study is that these symptoms may need closer attention.
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Kinkel-Ram, Shruti Shankar. "Examining Weekly Relationships Between Obsessive-Compulsive and Eating Disorder Symptoms". Miami University / OhioLINK, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1614863877192071.
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Kosa-Dana, Jovanka. "Personal accounts of the experiences of managing obsessive-compulsive disorder". Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2006. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/346.
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The present study investigated the impact of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (QCD) on affected participants. The investigation was based on their personal experiences. Six QCD individuals participated in this study which to my knowledge is the first qualitative investigation conveying the meaning of their experiences and the ways they managed the disorder. The research findings showed that for these six individuals, their chronic, incurable disorder usually began in early childhood, developed gradually and caused intense fear, anxiety, loneliness, alienation and isolation. Frequently, they felt different to other children, were bullied, victimized, and commonly developed comorbid depression. It was revealed that one of the managing practices was substance use. In addition, some participants wera affected by a comorbid eating disorder, which differed to classical eating disorders.
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Hemberger, Helga Christine. "The neuropsychology of obsessive-compulsive symptoms". Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/1902.
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Obsessive-compulsive (OC) symptoms occur in a variety of clinical conditions, but the underlying pathogenesis of these symptoms remains elusive. Few neuropsychological investigations have compared idiopathic Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) with patient groups where OC symptoms are acquired. The present study investigated the neuropsychological correlates of OC symptoms in OCD and frontotemporal dementia (FTD), a neurodegenerative illness in which OC symptoms are often acquired. Neuroimaging in OCD has consistently implicated the frontal-striatal-thalamic circuit, particularly the orbitofrontal cortex and basal ganglia. These areas overlap considerably with the sites of cerebral pathology found in FTD. OCD has been associated with a number of neuropsychological deficits, with most consistent findings pointing towards impaired executive function (EF), and less commonly reported deficits in visual memory and visuospatial ability. The neuropsychological hallmark of FTD is deficits in EF. However in both OCD and FTD, the relationship between cognitive deficits and OC symptoms remains unclear. Further, the extent to which OC symptoms are comparable between the groups is ambiguous. Part I of the present study compared 19 OCD subjects to 20 age, education and IQ-matched healthy controls on a battery of neuropsychological tests of all major cognitive domains with emphasis on EF. A measure of Theory of Mind (ToM) thought to be sensitive to orbitofrontal function was also administered. OCD subjects performed worse than controls on a measure of visual memory, visuospatial reasoning and on only one measure of EF. OCD symptom subtypes, as measured by the Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory (OCI), were not correlated with any cognitive deficits. No group differences in ToM were found. It is suggested that prior research has overestimated the severity and significance of EF deficits in OCD. Part II of the study compared 9 FTD participants with 10 matched healthy controls on the same neuropsychological test battery and OC symptom measures. In addition, a measure of compulsive behaviours used in neurological populations was administered to carers. While the incidence of OC symptoms was comparable to reports in previous studies (78%), the OCI was not sensitive in the detection of OC symptoms in FTD. The similarities and differences in OC symptoms between the two patient groups are discussed.
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Hemberger, Helga Christine. "The neuropsychology of obsessive-compulsive symptoms". University of Sydney, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/1902.
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Doctor of Clinical PsychologyObsessive-compulsive (OC) symptoms occur in a variety of clinical conditions, but the underlying pathogenesis of these symptoms remains elusive. Few neuropsychological investigations have compared idiopathic Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) with patient groups where OC symptoms are acquired. The present study investigated the neuropsychological correlates of OC symptoms in OCD and frontotemporal dementia (FTD), a neurodegenerative illness in which OC symptoms are often acquired. Neuroimaging in OCD has consistently implicated the frontal-striatal-thalamic circuit, particularly the orbitofrontal cortex and basal ganglia. These areas overlap considerably with the sites of cerebral pathology found in FTD. OCD has been associated with a number of neuropsychological deficits, with most consistent findings pointing towards impaired executive function (EF), and less commonly reported deficits in visual memory and visuospatial ability. The neuropsychological hallmark of FTD is deficits in EF. However in both OCD and FTD, the relationship between cognitive deficits and OC symptoms remains unclear. Further, the extent to which OC symptoms are comparable between the groups is ambiguous. Part I of the present study compared 19 OCD subjects to 20 age, education and IQ-matched healthy controls on a battery of neuropsychological tests of all major cognitive domains with emphasis on EF. A measure of Theory of Mind (ToM) thought to be sensitive to orbitofrontal function was also administered. OCD subjects performed worse than controls on a measure of visual memory, visuospatial reasoning and on only one measure of EF. OCD symptom subtypes, as measured by the Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory (OCI), were not correlated with any cognitive deficits. No group differences in ToM were found. It is suggested that prior research has overestimated the severity and significance of EF deficits in OCD. Part II of the study compared 9 FTD participants with 10 matched healthy controls on the same neuropsychological test battery and OC symptom measures. In addition, a measure of compulsive behaviours used in neurological populations was administered to carers. While the incidence of OC symptoms was comparable to reports in previous studies (78%), the OCI was not sensitive in the detection of OC symptoms in FTD. The similarities and differences in OC symptoms between the two patient groups are discussed.
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Domènech, Salgado Laura 1989. "A Comprehensive multiomics approach towards understanding obsessive-compulsive disorder". Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/665800.
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To date, very little progress has been made towards elucidating the genetic causes of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). In this project we have performed rare variant association study (RVAS) transcriptomics and metagenomics analyses to focus on areas relatively underexplored in OCD. We have identified and replicated an enrichment of rare variants in TMEM63A, a gene that encodes for a calcium-permeable cation channel, through whole-exome sequencing, RVAS and targeted resequencing analyses. Moreover, we have observed an overrepresentation of genes enriched in rare variants in OCD cases related to calcium signalling. Transcriptomic studies have identified differential expression of genes involved in neuronal development and function in OCD patients. Integration of our RVAS and transcriptomic results also uncover a possible role of semaphorins and axon guidance in OCD. Finally, metagenomics studies have confirmed the previously reported increase of the Rikenellaceae bacterial family in the gut microbiome and have shown a significant higher Actinobacteria/Fusobacteria ratio in the oro-pharyngeal microbiome of OCD cases. Our results actively encourage further research in these areas.Fins a dia d’avui, s’ha avançat molt poc a l’hora d’elucidar les causes genètiques del trastorn obsessiu compulsiu (TOC). En aquest projecte hem realitzat estudis d’associació de variants rares (RVAS) i anàlisis de transcriptòmica i metagenòmica per centrar-nos en àrees relativament poc explorades del TOC. Hem identificat i replicat un enriquiment de variants rares a TMEM63A, un gen que codifica un canal catiònic permeable per calci, a través d’anàlisis de seqüenciació de l’exoma complet, RVAS i reseqüenciació dirigida. A més, hem observat una sobrerepresentació de gens enriquits en variants rares en casos de TOC relacionats amb la senyalització de calci. Els estudis de transcriptòmica han identificat una expressió diferencial de gens involucrats en el desenvolupament i la funció neuronal en els pacients de TOC. La integració dels resultats dels nostres estudis de RVAS i transcriptòmica també revelen un possible paper de les semaforines i del guiatge axonal al TOC. Finalment, els estudis de metagenòmica han confirmat el increment prèviament reportat de la família bacterial Rikenellaceae en el microbioma intestinal i han mostrat una relació significativa més alta d’Actinobacteris/Fusobacteris en el microbioma de l’orofaringe dels pacients de TOC. Els nostres resultats fomenten activament la recerca en aquestes àrees.
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Bailey, Fiona Jane, i mikewood@deakin edu au. "The origins of inflated responsibility in obsessive compulsive disorder". Deakin University. School of Psychology, 2002. http://tux.lib.deakin.edu.au./adt-VDU/public/adt-VDU20050902.121410.
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The pivotal role of inflated responsibility beliefs in the maintenance and treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) has been clearly demonstrated (Rachman, 1993; Salkovskis, 1998; Shafran, 1997; van Oppen & Arntz, 1994). Yet little is known about the origins of these beliefs, their contribution to a sense of inflated responsibility or the symptoms of OCD, or the contribution of personality to inflated responsibility and to OCD, The aims of this thesis were to investigate a model of the inter-relationships among the personality dimensions of neuroticism and psychoticism, inflated responsibility and OCD, and the origins of inflated responsibility to inflated responsibility and to OCD. In order to achieve these aims, a scale was developed to assess the origins of inflated responsibility based upon the five pathways proposed by Salkovskis, Shafran, Rachman, and Freeston (1999) and the additional domains of guilt, vigilance and thought-action fusion (Shafran, Thordarson, & Rachman, 1996; Shafran, Watkins & Charman, 1996; Tallis, 1994). Eighty-four participants with OCD (age M = 43.36) and 74 control participants (age M =37.14) volunteered to participate in the two studies of this thesis. The aim of Study 1 was to develop and validate a measure of the Origins of Inflated Responsibility (OIR). The results of the first study yielded a 25-ttem scale, the Origins of Inflated Responsibility Questionnaire (OIRQ) with five independent factors: responsibility, strictness, protection from responsibility, critical incidents, and peer blame which demonstrated both internal reliability and temporal stability over a 2-week period. In Study 2, participants also completed the Responsibility Attitudes Scale (Salkovskis, Wroe, Gledhill, Morrison, Forrester, Richards, ct al. (2000) (a measure of inflated responsibility), the Padua Inventory (Sanavio, 1988) (to measure of the symptoms of OCD)y and the Eysenck Personality Inventory-Revised (Eysenck & Eysenck, 1991). Multivariatc Analysis of Variance revealed that the OCD group scored higher on all variables than the control group except for strictness where the groups were not different, and psychoticism where the OCD group scored lower. A series of Multiple Regression analyses revealed that both group and the OIR contributed to inflated responsibility (R2 = .56). When all variables, OIR, inflated responsibility and neuroticism were entered as predictors of OCD, 60% of the variance in OCD was explained however, 49% of the variance was shared by the independent variables suggesting the presence of some underlying construct. Structural Equation Modelling, where all the constructs in the model were examined simultaneously, revealed that neuroticism contributed to the OIR, inflated responsibility and OCD. The OIR were also significant predictors of inflated responsibility and indirectly through inflated responsibility predictive of OCD. The OIR also directly predicted OCD and when the total effects are considered, their contribution was greater than the total effect for inflated responsibility alone. The results of these studies provide good support for the origins of inflated responsibility proposed by Salkovskis et al. (1999), as measured by the OIRQ developed for use in the current thesis. The results also support the contribution of inflated responsibility and neuroticism, as well as the OIR, to OCD, The large amount of variance shared by the OIR, inflated responsibility and neuroticism suggest that there might be some underlying construct, perhaps of a biopsychosocial nature, that requires further investigation for its role in the onset and maintenance of OCD. The clinical relevance
of these findings is discussed in terms of early prevention strategies and interventions.
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Paul, Nathaniel. "Self/disciplining/body, a genealogy of obsessive-compulsive disorder". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp05/MQ63221.pdf.
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Mcguire, Joseph F. "Fear Conditioning and Extinction in Childhood Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder". Scholar Commons, 2015. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/5741.
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Fear conditioning and extinction are central in the cognitive behavioral model of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), which underlies exposure-based cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT). Youth with OCD may have impairments in conditioning and extinction that carries treatment implications. The present study examined these processes using a differential conditioning paradigm. Forty-one youth (19 OCD, 22 community controls) and their parents completed a battery of clinical interviews, rating scales, and a differential conditioning task. Skin conductance response (SCR) served as the primary dependent measure across all three phases of the conditioning procedure (habituation, acquisition, and extinction). During habituation, no meaningful differences were observed between groups. During acquisition, differential fear conditioning was identified across groups evidenced by larger SCRs to the CS+ compared to CS-, with no significant group differences. During extinction, a three-way interaction and follow-up tests revealed youth with OCD failed to exhibit differential fear conditioning during early fear extinction; whereas community controls consistently exhibited differential fear conditioning throughout extinction. Across participants, the number and frequency of OCD symptoms was positively associated with fear acquisition and negatively associated with fear extinction to the conditioned stimulus. OCD symptom severity was negatively associated with differential SCR in early extinction. Youth with OCD exhibit a different pattern of fear extinction relative to community controls that may be accounted for by impaired inhibitory learning in early fear extinction. Findings suggest the potential benefit of augmentative retraining interventions prior to CBT. Therapeutic approaches to utilize inhibitory-learning principles and/or engage developmentally appropriate brain regions during exposures may serve to maximize CBT outcomes.
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Nield, Lucy. "Investigating the relationship between shame and obsessive-compulsive disorder". Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2018. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/21184/.
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Lipton, M. "Phenomenology of intrusive imagery in obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD)". Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2008. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1444223/.
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The study of intrusive mental imagery in anxiety is a growing area of interest. Whilst there is an appreciation of the variation in thematic content (Hirsch & Holmes, 2007), less is understood about the wider phenomenology and function of intrusive imagery across the anxiety disorders. The aim of the review is to adopt a transdiagnostic perspective, and compare and contrast the literature on intrusive imagery in anxiety in terms of the content, prevalence, frequency and characteristics. In addition, a further aim is to present preliminary findings concerning the function of imagery across the spectrum of disorders. The final section of the review summarises the conclusions and suggests areas for future examination.
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Armstrong, Andrew Ben. "Acceptance and Commitment Therapy for Adolescent Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder". DigitalCommons@USU, 2011. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/1104.
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There is growing support for the use of acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) as a treatment for adults with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). No research has been published to date on the use of ACT as a treatment for adolescent OCD. To begin investigating ACT for youth OCD, a multiple baseline study was conducted. The primary measure was self-monitoring of compulsions and assessor completed (CYBOCS). Three adolescent participants, ages 12 to 17, were treated with 8 to 10 sessions of ACT (without exposure). Results showed that the intervention was successful for all participants, with a 40% mean reduction in self-reported compulsions. Near absence of compulsions was reported by two of three participants at posttreatment. CY-BOCS ratings decreased by an average of 28.2%. Treatment procedures were rated by participants and parents as highly acceptable. Experimental and clinical implications of results are discussed. Data suggest that ACT may be a viable treatment as an alternative or an adjunct to exposure-based treatments.
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Gorrill, Lindsay. "Belief domains in obsessive compulsive disorder : the relationship between inflated responsibility and danger expectancies, and obsessive compulsive symptoms". Thesis, University of Surrey, 2007. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/742/.
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Enright, Simon James. "Obsessive-compulsive disorder: anxiety disorder or schizotype? : a questionnaire and experimental investigation". Thesis, University of Reading, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.357850.
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Smook, Levina Johanna Lelanie. "Living with Body Dysmorphic Disorder or Obsessive Compulsive Disorder : an IPA study". Thesis, University of Wolverhampton, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2436/332347.
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Body Dysmorphic Disorder (BDD) and Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) share many similarities such as the presence of obsessions and compulsions, a similar age of onset and also similar activation of underlying structures within the brain related to obsessions and compulsion formation. The recently published DSM-V (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for Mental Disorders; American Psychiatric Association, 2013) has grouped the two conditions together in a chapter entitled Obsessive Compulsive -and related disorders, recognising the similarities in presentation. This appeared to echo the classification within the NICE guidelines for OCD and BDD (National Institute for Health and Care Excellence, 2006) where the two conditions were grouped together on the presence of obsessions and compulsions, neurological evidence pointing to the activation of brain areas responsible for obsessive thoughts and compulsive acts alongside strong familial links. Both OCD and BDD were understood (from both sets of guidelines) to respond well to the use of Selective Serotonin Re-uptake Inhibitors and the treatment use of Cognitive Behavioural Therapy. This qualitative research study focuses on the gap in existing literature by studying the lived experience of individuals living with obsessions and compulsions. Much focus has historically remained on understanding the clinical symptomology and underlying constructs as related to living with obsessions and compulsions, through the use of questionnaires or brain imaging. With recent changes in the DSM-V (Statistical Manual for mental Disorders; American Psychiatric Association, 2013) recognising OCD and BDD as part of the same family of conditions, it appeared timely to focus on the individuals living with OCD or BDD and their sense and meaning making as informed by their experiences of obsessions and compulsions.
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Britton, Gary. "The relationship between causal constructs related to obsessive-compulsive disorder". Thesis, University of Sussex, 2012. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/40521/.
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Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) is characterised by intrusions into conscious thinking by repetitive, personally abhorrent, absurd and alien thoughts (obsessions) which lead to endless repetitive acts or rehearsal of irrational and sometimes bizarre mental and behavioural rituals (compulsions). Although a number of clinical constructs have been proposed to have a causal influence on OC symptoms, extremely little research exists examining how these constructs are related to each other and, further, how the relationships between these constructs influences each constructs relationship with OC symptoms (e.g. does a given construct have an independent role in influencing OC symptoms or is the constructs influence on OC symptoms being mediated by its influence on another intervening construct or constructs?). In the current thesis, the relationships between 5 clinical constructs were examined, as well as how the pattern of these relationships may affect each constructs influence on OC symptoms. A large questionnaire study suggested that the five constructs are best seen as separate constructs rather than indicators of one underlying construct. Separate experimental studies in which all 5 constructs were manipulated individually suggest that whilst inflated responsibility, intolerance of uncertainty and negative mood, respectively, all causally influence every other construct focused on in this thesis, not just right experiences and as many as can stop rules, respectively, do not casually influence any other construct. Subsequent regression analyses suggest that whilst some constructs directly influence OC symptoms, other constructs influence on OC symptoms are mediated by intervening constructs in the final model, whilst some constructs have little to no influence on OC symptoms when the influence of other constructs in the final model are taken into account. Implications of these findings for existing models of OCD, for studies examining the relationship between multiple constructs and OC symptoms and for the treatment of OCD are discussed.
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Monronal-Luque, Richard. "Guilt in obsessive-compulsive disorder and depression : a preliminary study". Thesis, University of East London, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.532523.
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Myers, Samuel G. "Empirical tests of the metacognitive model of obsessive-compulsive disorder". Thesis, University of Manchester, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.509861.
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The metacognitive model of OCD (Wells & Matthews, 1994; Wells, 1997, 2000), stresses the role of two types of metacognitive knowledge in the aetiology and maintenance of obsessive-compulsive symptoms: 1) beliefs concerning the meaning and power of thoughts and 2) beliefs about rituals. The first set of beliefs has been termed fusion beliefs and lead intrusions to be appraised as dangerous or important. The second domain, beliefs about rituals, guides the coping responses to these negative appraisals. It has two components: 1) declarative beliefs about the need to carry out rituals (e.g., "I need to perform my rituals otherwise I will never have peace of mind"), 2) a plan or program for monitoring and controlling action. Part of this plan is a goal which is indicated by a stop criterion or "stop signal." This thesis carried out a series of tests of hypotheses arising from the model, using studies with different populations and methodologies. Cross-sectional studies using different populations showed that, consistent with the model, metacognitive measures designed to assess thought-fusion, beliefs about rituals and stop signals were positively and significantly correlated with o-c symptom measures. A series of hierarchical regression analyses were also carried out, with the overlap between o-c symptoms and worry controlled. Results demonstrated that each metacognitive domain when entered in their hypothesised causal sequence explained incremental variance in obsessive-compulsive symptoms. Further analysis showed that metacognition remained a significant predictor when non-metacognitive beliefs (e.g., responsibility and perfectionism) which have been linked to OCD in other theories were controlled for. The hypothesised causal role of thought-fusion in o-c symptomology was examined in a prospective and an experimental study. The results showed that thoughtfusion was a significant positive prospective predictor of obsessive-compulsive symptoms independent of worry and non-metacognitive beliefs. Increasing thoughtfusion beliefs experimentally led to significant increases in OCD-like behaviours. These results are supportive of the hypothesised role of thought-fusion in the metacognitive model. The specificity of metacognitive beliefs was also assessed. Using a non-clinical population, the best independent metacognitive predictors of worry and obsessions were examined, with symptom overlap controlled. Different independent metacognitive predictors of worry and o-c symptoms emerged. Thought-fusion, beliefs about rituals and stop signals were independent predictors of obsessions but not worry, supporting their hypothesised specificity. Further support for specificity came from a study using a clinical population which showed that OCD patients had significantly higher scores than GAD patients on measures of thought-fusion and beliefs about rituals. The results provide further support for the metacognitive model. Theoretical and clinical implications are discussed as well as limitations of the thesis and directions for future studies.
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Stein, Dan J. "The neurobiology of obsessive-compulsive disorder : neuroanatomy, neurochemistry, and pharmacotherapy". Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/52550.
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Dissertation (PhD)--Stellenbosch University, 2001.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is characterized by intrusive thoughts (obsessions) and repetiti ve mental acts or behaviours (compulsions) . For many years, it was considered a rather uncommon condition, caused by unconscious conflict, and somewhat resistant to treatment. In recent decades, however, it has emerged that OCD is a highly prevalent disorder, mediated by particular neuroanatomical circuits (e.g. striatal pathways) and neurochemical systems (e.g. the serotonin system), and responsive to treatment with serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SRIs) . Nevertheless, many questions remain; about the specificity of neuroanatomical findings to OCD, about the role of the multiple serotonin (5-HT) receptor subtypes (e.g. 5-HT10)' and about the appropriate pharmacotherapy for patients resistent to SRI treatment? In a series of studies, 1) the neuroanatomy of OCD was assessed by means of magnetic resonance imaging and neuropsychological testing, 2) the neurochemistry of OCD was assessed by means of functional brain imaging after administration of a 5-HT10 agonist, and 3) the pharmacotherapy of OCD was explored in a series of treatment-refractory OCD and OCD spectrum disorder patients using SRI augmentation with a dopamine blocker. Although no significant difference was found in the volume of the caudate in women with OCD and controls, there was a significant correlation between caudate volume and neuropsychological dysfunction in patients, consistent with evidence of striatal involvement in OCD. Functional imaging demonstrated behavioural heterogeneity, but brain-behaviour correlations were positive, consistent with preclinical evidence of a role for the 5-HTlD receptor in the mediation of OCD. Finally, preliminary treatment findings with dopamine blocker augmentation of a SRI were promising, consistent with preclinical understandings of the interactions between the dopamine and serotonin systems. Although oeD is a complex disorder, a number of future research avenues hold promise for providing a thorough delineation of its pathogenesis.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Obsessief-kompulsiewe steuring (OKS) word gekenmerk deur indringende gedagtes (obsessies) en herhalende gedagtes of gedrag (kompulsies). Vir baie jare is dit beskou as 'n redelik seldsame toestand wat veroorsaak word deur onbewustelike konflik, en wat in 'n mate teen behandeling weerstandig is. Meer onlangs het dit egter na vore getree as 'n toestand wat baie dikwels voorkom, wat deur spesifieke neuroanatomiese siklusse (bv. striatale bane) en neurochemiese sisteme (bv. die serotonien-sisteem) teweeg gebring word, en wat op behandeling met serotonien heropname inhibeerders (SHIs) reageer. Nogtans is daar steeds baie vrae; oor die spesifisiteit van neuroanatomiese bevindinge vir OKS, oor die rol van die veelvuldige serotonien (5-HT) reseptor subtipes (bv. 5- HT1D), en oor die toepaslike farmakoterapie vir pasiënte wat weerstandig is vir SHI behandeling. In' n reeks van navorsingstudies, is 1.) die neuroanatomie van OKS deur middel van magnetiese resonans beelding en neurosielkundige toetse ondersoek, 2. ) die neurochemie van OKS deur middel van funksionele breinbeelding na toediening van 'n 5-HT1D agonis bepaal, en 3.) die farmakoterapie van OKS in 'n reeks van behandelingsweerstandige OKS en OKS-spektrum steuring pasiënte - waar gebruik gemaak is van SHI aanvulling met 'n dopamien-blokker - ondersoek. Alhoewel daar geen beduidende verskil in die volume van die caudata in vroue met OKS en kontroles gevind is nie, was daar 'n beduidende korrelasie tussen die caudata volume en neurosielkundige wanfunksionering in pasiënte, in ooreenstemming met striatale betrokkenheid in OKS. Funksionele beelding het positief, in demonstreer, maar ooreenstemming met brein-gedrag pre-kliniese heterogeneïteit korrelasies was in gedrag bewyse vir 'n rol vir die 5-HT1D reseptor in die bemiddeling van OKS. Ten laaste, voorlopige behandelingsbevindinge oor dopamienblokker aanvulling van 'n SHI is belowend, in ooreenstemming met v
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Leslie, J. "Perceptions of parenting in the context of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder". Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2010. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/827652/.
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This volume presents research into family issues in the context of Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). The first section is a focused review of the literature concerning the effects of OCD on family members and on within family processes. While OCD has long been regarded as a disabling condition for sufferers, this review offers a critical evaluation of several new strands of research into its impact on the lives of relatives, with the aim of identifying important clinical implications and offering direction for future studies. An empirical investigation into beliefs about having children in the context of maternal OCD forms the second part of this thesis. As theoretical conceptualizations and recent research suggest a complex relationship between OCD and parenthood, this cross-sectional study aimed to explore sufferers' perceptions of the effects of OCD on parenting abilities and on the child, as well as beliefs about the impact of parenthood on OCD symptomatology and coping abilities. Women with OCD were compared to anxious and healthy controls, and the predictors of parenting perceptions were also examined. The final section of Volume 1 comprises a critical appraisal of this study with reflections on the rationale for the research, the methodological choices that were made, and the clinical as well as scientific implications of the results.
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Barber, Caroline. "Autistic traits and cognition in individuals with obsessive compulsive disorder". Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2015. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1470369/.
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This thesis focuses on exploring similarities between obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) and autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Part 1 reviews research literature examining the overlap of symptomatology and traits across the disorders. The reviewed studies provide evidence for elevated levels of ASD traits in some individuals with OCD and vice versa with variable results as to which specific traits this applies. None of the reviewed studies provides sufficient evidence to support or refute explanations for the nature of this apparent overlap in traits across disorders. Part 2 reports an investigation into autistic cognition in a population of adults with OCD in relation to their self-reported autistic traits. Although the study provides some tentative evidence for some individuals with OCD having neurodevelopmental aetiology (e.g. atypical neurocognitive performances), group and multiple single case series analysis failed to identify relationships between autistic cognition and autistic traits at group and individual levels respectively. Whether the apparent elevation of self-reported autistic traits identified in this OCD population represents genuine ASD symptomatology is unclear and explanations for these ambiguous results are proposed together with directions for future research. This investigation formed part of a joint study with Josselyn Hellriegel (trainee clinical psychologist, UCL) (Hellriegel, 2014). Part 3 discusses some of the practical, methodological and ethical complexities inherent in conducting research with a clinical population with significant mental health difficulties such as OCD, including challenges in recruitment, risk management and neurocognitive assessment. The importance of flexibility both in research design and analysis is emphasised. Benefits of employing multiple single case series analysis in heterogeneous populations such as OCD are highlighted.
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Man, James K. C. "Characterisation of a novel animal model for obsessive-compulsive disorder". Thesis, University of Bristol, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1983/6cec00ce-f3c1-4d07-ba98-54c137b7524a.
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Phillips, Anthony Scott. "A meta-analysis of treatments for pediatric obsessive-compulsive disorder /". Search for this dissertation online, 2003. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ksu/main.
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