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Uluat, Mehmet Fatih. "Model-based Approach To The Federation Object Model Independence Problem". Master's thesis, METU, 2007. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/3/12608672/index.pdf.
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One of the promises of High Level Architecture (HLA) is the reusability of
simulation components. Although HLA supports reusability to some extent with
mechanisms provided by Object Model Template (OMT), when the developer
wants to use an existing federate application within another federation with a
different Federation Object Model (FOM) problem arises. She usually has to
modify the federate code and rebuilt it. There have been some attempts to solve
this problem and they, in fact, accomplish this to some extent but usually they fall
short of providing flexible but also a complete mapping mechanism. In this work,
a model based approach that mainly focuses on Declaration, Object and
Federation Management services is explored. The proposed approach makes use
of Model Integrated Computing (MIC) and .NET 2.0 technologies by grouping
federate transitioning activities into three well-defined phases, namely, modeling,
automatic code generation and component generation. As a side product, a .NET
2.0 wrapper to Runtime Infrastructure (RTI) has been developed to help
developers create IEEE 1516 compatible .NET 2.0 federates in a programming
language independent way.
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Andersson, Peter. "Model based object finding in occluded cluttered environments". Thesis, Umeå University, Department of Computing Science, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-36524.
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The aim of the thesis is object finding in occluded and cluttered environment using computer vision techniques and robot motion. Difficulties of the object finding are 1. finding objects at hidden area and 2. finding unrecognized objects. For solving the difficulties, two methods were developed, one is for finding objects in occluded cluttered environments using model based object finding and the other to increase the robustness in object finding by identifying known objects that are unidentified. The goal was to search occluded areas with the bumblebee2 stereo camera to be able to identify all known objects in the environment by removing all visible known objects To identify known objects SURF [9] was used and to be able to remove the identified objects their location first needed to be localized. To localize the object‘s x and y coordinate the information from SURF [9] was used, and the distance coordinate z is calculated using the depth image from the stereo camera. The method to identify objects the SURF [9] algorithm had missed to identify uses a method to find unknown segments in the environment. By using a push motion on the segments to change their angle it can remove possible light reflections and the object can be identified. The results of this research show that the method can find objects in occluded cluttered areas and it can also identified missed known objects.
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Watanabe, Toyohide, Yuuji Yoshida i Teruo Fukumura. "Editing model based on the object-oriented approach". IEEE, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/6930.
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Beis, Jeffrey S. "Indexing without invariants in model-based object recognition". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/nq25014.pdf.
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黃業新 i Yip-san Wong. "A two-level model-based object recognition technique". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1995. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31213807.
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Wong, Yip-san. "A two-level model-based object recognition technique /". Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1995. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B14705552.
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Rivas, Diaz Juan Manuel. "Model-based object tracking with an infrared stereo camera". Thesis, Örebro universitet, Institutionen för naturvetenskap och teknik, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-45442.
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Object tracking has become really important in the field of robotics in the last years. Frequently, the goal is to obtain the trajectory of the tracked target over time and space by acquiring and processing information from the sensors. In this thesis we are interested in tracking objects at a very short range. The primary application of our approach is targeting the domain of object tracking during grasp execution with a hand-in-eye sensor setup. To this end, a promising approach investigated in this work is based on the Leap Motion sensor, which is designed for tracking human hands. However, we are interested in tracking grasped objects thus we need to extend its functionality. The main goal of the thesis is to track the 3D position and orientation of an object from a set of simple primitives (cubes, cylinders, triangles) over a video sequence. That is the reason we have designed and developed two different approaches for tracking objects with the Leap Motion device as stereo vision system.
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Procter, Stephen. "Model-based polyhedral object recognition using edge-triple features". Thesis, University of Surrey, 1998. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/843142/.
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While significant progress has been made in the computer vision field over the past decade, and machines capable of performing specialised visual inspection tasks are now being used in many industrial applications, the problem of recognising three-dimensional objects from two-dimensional imagery remains an area of ongoing research. Vision is undoubtedly our most important sense, and solutions to the problem of general three-dimensional machine vision must be found if the long term goal of autonomous robotic agents interacting naturally with humans in the real world is to be realised. In this work the problem of recognising polyhedra from two-dimensional images is investigated. The use of perceptual grouping and intermediate-level geometric features is considered, in particular the "edge-triple" feature. The edge-triple feature consists of three connected straight edges of an object, projecting to a triple of connected lines in the image, and can be used as a key feature, or indexing primitive, in model-based object recognition. The geometric constraints provided by matching such a configuration of image lines to an edge-triple are sufficient to uniquely determine the pose of the object. A probabilistic analysis of the edge-triple feature is performed, and a method for computing the probability densities of the angles formed by the projections of object edges under parallel projection is developed. These probabilities are used to prioritise the processing of potential model/scene feature matches produced by the hypothesis generation stage of a polyhedral object recognition system, substantially increasing the efficiency of the verification stage of the recognition while imposing negligible computational and storage penalties on the method. A new polyhedral object recognition system based on geometric hashing is implemented using edge-triple features. The method relies on extensive preprocessing of object models to encode invariant object data in a hash table. By performing as much of the object analysis as possible off-line, the efficiency of the actual recognition stage is maximised, at the expense of heavy demands on memory due to the large amount of data stored in the hash tables. However, the memory requirements of our edge-triple method are lower than those of conventional geometric hashing algorithms. Additionally, since our method employs lines and line groupings as key features rather than sets of interest points, our method is less susceptible to noise in the imaging and feature extraction stages than conventional geometric hashing. The validity of these assertions is demonstrated by extensive testing and evaluation of the method using both synthetic and real image data. It is demonstrated that the accuracy of pose estimates produced by the method is commensurate with theoretical predictions based on algorithm parameters and the expected errors in the image feature extraction. Since the projection from three-dimensional space to a single two-dimensional image necessarily involves a loss of information, the question of combining information from several images is addressed. A multi-view viewpoint consistency constraint is proposed, enabling the compatibility of recognition hypotheses from several viewpoints to be confirmed prior to the computationally expensive pose determination stage. The extra constraints provided by a multi-view analysis increase the reliability and robustness of the recognition system, while the consistency constraint helps to maintain the efficiency of the system. An active method to determine the complete three-dimensional structure of an edge-triple feature from two images is described. Finally, the limitations of the methods proposed and potential solutions to these shortcomings are discussed. Potential directions for future research are proposed.
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Yeung, Stephen Siu Kau. "Model-based tactile object recognition using pseudo-random encoding". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1996. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp05/nq21021.pdf.
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Guo, Jing-Ming, Nguyen Van Thinh i Hua Lee. "Moving Object Detection Based on Ordered Dithering Codebook Model". International Foundation for Telemetering, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/577451.
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ITC/USA 2014 Conference Proceedings / The Fiftieth Annual International Telemetering Conference and Technical Exhibition / October 20-23, 2014 / Town and Country Resort & Convention Center, San Diego, CAThis paper presents an effective multi-layer background modeling method to detect moving objects by exploiting the advantage of novel distinctive features and hierarchical structure of the Codebook (CB) model. In the block-based structure, the mean-color feature within a block often does not contain sufficient texture information, causing incorrect classification especially in large block size layers. Thus, the Binary Ordered Dithering (BOD) feature becomes an important supplement to the mean RGB feature In summary, the uniqueness of this approach is the incorporation of the halftoning scheme with the codebook model for superior performance over the existing methods.
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Bazzi, Louay Mohamad Jamil 1974. "Robust algorithms for model-based object recognition and localization". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/9440.
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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 1999.Includes bibliographical references (p. 86-87).
We consider the problem of model-based object recognition and localization in the presence of noise, spurious features, and occlusion. We address the case where the model is allowed to be transformed by elements in a given space of allowable transformations. Known algorithms for the problem either treat noise very accurately in an unacceptable worst case running time, or may have unreliable output when noise is allowed. We introduce the idea of tolerance which measures the robustness of a recognition and localization method when noise is allowed. We present a collection of algorithms for the problem, each achieving a different degree of tolerance. The main result is a localization algorithm that achieves any desired tolerance in a relatively low order worst case asymptotic running time. The time constant of the algorithm depends on the ratio of the noise bound over the given tolerance bound. The solution we provide is general enough to handle different cases of allowable transformations, such as planar affine transformations, and scaled rigid motions in arbitrary dimensions.
by Louay Mohamad Jamil Bazzi.
S.M.
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Stanier, C. F. "A model integrity based object-relational data model and complex data model definition framework". Thesis, Staffordshire University, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.522119.
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Darawish, Issam. "An object-based analysis and model of on-line auctions". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape7/PQDD_0001/MQ46069.pdf.
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Casselman, Ronald S. (Ronald Shawn) Carleton University Dissertation Engineering Systems and Computer. "A role-based architectural model applied to object-oriented systems". Ottawa, 1993.
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Böckert, Andreas. "Vehicle detection and classification in video sequences". Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Electrical Engineering, 2002. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-1244.
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The purpose of this thesis is to investigate the applicability of a certain model based classification algorithm. The algorithm is centered around a flexible wireframe prototype that can instantiate a number of different vehicle classes such as a hatchback, pickup or a bus to mention a few. The parameters of the model are fitted using Newton minimization of errors between model line segments and observed line segments. Furthermore a number of methods for object detection based on motion are described and evaluated. Results from both experimental and real world data is presented.
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Thanikasalam, Kokul. "Appearance based online visual object tracking". Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2019. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/130875/1/Kokul_Thanikasalam_Thesis.pdf.
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This thesis presents research contributions to the field of computer vision based visual object tracking. This study investigates appearance based object tracking by using traditional hand-crafted and deep features. The thesis proposes a real-time tracking framework with high accuracy which follows a deep similarity tracking strategy. This thesis also proposes several deep tracking frameworks for high-accuracy tracking and to manage the spatial information loss. The research findings of the study would be able to be used in a range of applications including visual surveillance systems.
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Pop, Adrian. "Integrated Model-Driven Development Environments for Equation-Based Object-Oriented Languages". Doctoral thesis, Linköping : Department of Computer and Information Science, Linköpings universitet, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-11416.
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Vinson, D. P. "Representing meaning : a feature-based model of object and action words". Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2009. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/14891/.
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The representation of word meaning has received substantial attention in the psycholinguistic literature over the past decades, yet the vast majority of studies have been limited to words referring to concrete objects. The aim of the present work is to provide a theoretically and neurally plausible model of lexical-semantic representations, not only for words referring to concrete objects but also for words referring to actions and events using a common set of assumptions across domains. In order to do so, features of meaning are generated by naïve speakers, and used as a window into important aspects of representation. A first series of analyses test how the meanings of words of different types are reflected in features associated with different modalities of sensory-motor experience, and how featural properties may be related to patterns of impairment in language-disordered populations. The features of meaning are then used to generate a model of lexical-semantic similarity, in which these different types of words are represented within a single system, under the assumption that lexical-semantic representations serve to provide an interface between conceptual knowledge derived in part from sensory-motor experience, and other linguistic information such as syntax, phonology and orthography. Predictions generated from this model are tested in a series of behavioural experiments designed to test two main questions: whether similarity measures based on speaker- generated features can predict fine-grained semantic similarity effects, and whether the predictive quality of the model is comparable for words referring to objects and words referring to actions. The results of five behavioural experiments consistently reveal graded semantic effects as predicted by the feature-based model, of similar magnitude for objects and actions. The model's fine-grained predictive performance is also found to be superior to other word-based models of representation (Latent Semantic Analysis, and similarity measures derived from Wordnet).
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Adams, William Edward. "Untangling the threads reduction for a concurrent object-based programming model /". Digital version:, 2000. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/fullcit?p9992741.
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Li, Jia. "Arms: a decentralised naming model for object-based distributed computing systems". Thesis, Li, Jia (2010) Arms: a decentralised naming model for object-based distributed computing systems. PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 2010. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/5122/.
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Entities communicate with one another in distributed computing systems via symbolic names. Implementing such communication requires a naming scheme that dynamically maps these symbolic names to physical nodes and processes. Traditionally, a centralised name server is deployed to perform such translations. However, a collaborative and dynamic environment requires a decentralised naming system due to reasons of efficiency and reliability.
ARMS (Adaptive, Randomised and Migration-enabled Scheme) is a novel decentralised naming scheme for distributed object-oriented computing systems. A notable feature of ARMS is that it provides direct naming supports for the patterns of object communication and object migration processes to achieve greater performance and scalability in executing object-oriented software within a distributed environment. These supports are driven by three key components: 1) an adaptive locating protocol that exploits the patterns of object communication and explores the best routing path in the face of the changing network conditions, 2) a randomised overlay that is a scalable and flexible substrate for routing name queries, and 3) a hybrid relocation scheme that provides a transparent and efficient means of referencing migrated objects.
The performance of ARMS has been examined using a number of real world Java-based benchmarking programs. Based on results in this study, ARMS has found to be superior to its structural counterpart – the Chord model because of the adaptive routing protocol and the resilient overlay. Furthermore, ARMS has shown to be superior in a number of other performance metrics.
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Yoon, Taehun. "Object Recognition Based on Multi-agent Spatial Reasoning". The Ohio State University, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1206075792.
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Zhang, Shujun. "Model-based 3D object perception from single monochromatic images of unknown environments". Thesis, University of Reading, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.315501.
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Pushpagiri, Vara Prashanth. "A Java-based Smart Object Model for use in Digital Learning Environments". Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/34048.
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The last decade has seen the scope of digital library usage extend from data warehousing and other common library services to building quality collections of electronic resources and providing web-based information retrieval mechanisms for distributed learning. This is clear from the number of ongoing research initiatives aiming to provide dynamic learning environments.
A major task in providing learning environments is to define a resource model (learning object). The flexibility of the learning object model determines the quality of the learning environment. Further, dynamic environments can be realized by changing the contents and structure of the learning object, i.e. make it mutable. Most existing models are immutable after creation and require the library to support operations that help in creating these environments. This leaves the learning object at the mercy of the parent library's functionality. This thesis work is an extension of an existing model and allows a learning object to function independent of the operational constraints of a digital library by equipping learning objects with software components called methods that influence their operation and structure even after being deployed. It provides a reference implementation of an aggregate, intelligent, self-sufficient, object-oriented, platform-independent learning object model, which is conformant to popular digital library standards.
It also presents a Java-based development tool for creating and modifying smart objects. It is capable of performing content aggregation, metadata harvesting and user repository maintenance operations, in addition to supporting the addition/removal of methods to a smart object. The current smart object implementation and the development tool have been deployed successfully on two platforms (Windows and Linux) where their operation was found to be satisfactory.Master of Science
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Harmse, Rudi Gerhard. "A conceptual object-oriented model to support educators in an outcomes-based environment". Thesis, Port Elizabeth Technikon, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/47.
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The introduction of outcomes-based education (OBE) in South Africa has led to a new learner-centred approach with an emphasis on the outcomes that the learners need to achieve. With this learner-centred focus has come a greater need for record keeping. It is now necessary to track each learner’s progress towards the attainment of the learning outcomes. This progress is tracked in relation to assessment standards that are defined for every learning outcome. These assessment standards define the results expected of learners at certain stages in their development. The new OBE system has emphasised accountability and this is expressed in a requirement to keep evidence to justify the assessment results given. The large numbers of learners and the increased managerial demand of OBE cause problems to educators who may find themselves unable to keep track of the learners’ progress under such conditions. This dissertation investigates the structure of the new OBE system as well as its assessment and evidence requirements. From this the features required from a support system for educators in an OBE environment are determined. The supporting processes needed to enable these features to be implemented, as well as the storage requirements of such a system are identified. In addition to OBE, the field of Computer Integrated Learning Environments (CILEs) and Intelligent Tutoring Systems (ITSs) are investigated and useful details identified are added to the requirements for an OBE support system. The dissertation then presents an object-oriented conceptual model of the items that need to be stored in order to allow the features of an OBE support system to be implemented. The relationships between these items are also indicated in this model.
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Durá-Bernal, Salvador. "A cortical model of object perception based on Bayesian networks and belief propagation". Thesis, University of Plymouth, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/540.
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Evidence suggests that high-level feedback plays an important role in visual perception by shaping the response in lower cortical levels (Sillito et al. 2006, Angelucci and Bullier 2003, Bullier 2001, Harrison et al. 2007). A notable example of this is reflected by the retinotopic activation of V1 and V2 neurons in response to illusory contours, such as Kanizsa figures, which has been reported in numerous studies (Maertens et al. 2008, Seghier and Vuilleumier 2006, Halgren et al. 2003, Lee 2003, Lee and Nguyen 2001). The illusory contour activity emerges first in lateral occipital cortex (LOC), then in V2 and finally in V1, strongly suggesting that the response is driven by feedback connections. Generative models and Bayesian belief propagation have been suggested to provide a theoretical framework that can account for feedback connectivity, explain psychophysical and physiological results, and map well onto the hierarchical distributed cortical connectivity (Friston and Kiebel 2009, Dayan et al. 1995, Knill and Richards 1996, Geisler and Kersten 2002, Yuille and Kersten 2006, Deneve 2008a, George and Hawkins 2009, Lee and Mumford 2003, Rao 2006, Litvak and Ullman 2009, Steimer et al. 2009). The present study explores the role of feedback in object perception, taking as a starting point the HMAX model, a biologically inspired hierarchical model of object recognition (Riesenhuber and Poggio 1999, Serre et al. 2007b), and extending it to include feedback connectivity. A Bayesian network that captures the structure and properties of the HMAX model is developed, replacing the classical deterministic view with a probabilistic interpretation. The proposed model approximates the selectivity and invariance operations of the HMAX model using the belief propagation algorithm. Hence, the model not only achieves successful feedforward recognition invariant to position and size, but is also able to reproduce modulatory effects of higher-level feedback, such as illusory contour completion, attention and mental imagery. Overall, the model provides a biophysiologically plausible interpretation, based on state-of-theart probabilistic approaches and supported by current experimental evidence, of the interaction between top-down global feedback and bottom-up local evidence in the context of hierarchical object perception.
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Li, Chen-Kuo. "AN/SLQ-32 EW system model: an expandable, object-oriented, process-based simulation". Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/23540.
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Approved for public release; distribution is unlimitedThis thesis documents the design and implementation of a simulation of AN/SLQ-32 Fleet Defense EW System in a modern, object-oriented, process-based simulation language called MODSIM II by CACI Corporation in La Jolla, CA. The main intent if the simulation is to build a model that simulates an AN/SLQ-32 EW system's capability in an environment having an arbitrary number of different emitters. the trials presented in this work use 15 distinct emitters. This simulation model is designed to provide a foundation that not only can be used to study AN/SLQ-32 EW system reliability, but also can be built upon as part of a wargame or modified to study varied topics such as training effectiveness of naval EW system operators.
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Huang, Yueh-Min. "Knowledge-based generation of design model structures: Towards an object-oriented, multiprocessing architecture". Diss., The University of Arizona, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/185353.
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The purpose of the research is to develop more efficient frameworks for supporting design model development. The evolution of these frameworks has occurred in two areas: (1) knowledge representation schemes for the design model and (2) procedures for model structure generation. The original representation scheme for the design model was the System Entity Structure (SES). The SES was subsequently enhanced by other representation schemes to create FRASES (Frame & Rules Associated SES). Furthermore, FRASES was further converted into object-oriented representation. The procedures for manipulating the above representation schemes involved search, reasoning, constraint satisfaction, and message passing. Finally, a distributed approach was proposed, indicating a future trend. The methodologies offered by artificial intelligence, simulation modelling, and software engineering were adopted to support the research.
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Krieger, Matthias. "Test generation and animation based on object-oriented specifications". Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00660427.
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The goal of this thesis is the development of support for test generation and animation based on object-oriented specifications. We aim particularly to take advantage of state-of-the-art satisfiability solving techniques by using an appropriate representation of object-oriented data. While automated test generation seeks a large set of data to execute an implementation on, animation performs computations that comply with a specification based on user-provided input data. Animation is a valuable technique for validating specifications.As a foundation of this work, we present clarifications and a partial formalization of the Object Constraint Language (OCL) as well as some extensions in order to allow for test generation and animation based on OCL specifications.For test generation, we have implemented several enhancements to HOL-TestGen, a tool built on top of the Isabelle theorem proving system that generates tests from specifications in Higher-Order Logic (HOL). We show how SMT solvers can be used to solve various types of constraints in HOL and present a modular approach to case splitting for deriving test cases. The latter facilitates the introduction of splitting rules that are tailored to object-oriented specifications.For animation, we implemented the tool OCLexec for animating OCL specifications. OCLexec generates from operation contracts corresponding Java implementations that call an SMT-based constraint solver at runtime.
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Tufan, Emrah. "Developing A Parcel-based Information System By Object-oriented Approach". Master's thesis, METU, 2003. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/1053263/index.pdf.
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The cadastre contains parcel related data which must be up-to-date. The cadastral data in any country constitute a very big dataset. Therefore parcel related data should be carefully managed.
Today, using a database is an effective way of data management. The relational database management system can be a good one for parcel related data. However when the information system concept is considered, just relational database management system is not enough. Some tools are needed in order to manipulate the data in the relational database management system. Object oriented analysis and design is a good choice to develop these tools.
In this study, a parcel-based information system is developed and it is implemented for Çankaya Municipality. During the development relational database management system is used for attribute data management, and object-oriented analysis and design is used for development of application to manipulate the data in the relational database management system. The cadastral data are separated into two parts and each part is handled separately. The first part is the geographic or spatial data. These data are handled by the help of the MapInfo Professional Version 6.5. The other part is the attributes of these spatial data. For this part, relational database is designed and implemented on Microsoft SQL Server Version 2000. During the development of the relational database, conceptual database design is performed by enhanced entity-relationship (EER) model. Then in the logical design, the conceptual model is mapped into the relational model. After data storage area is created, the application is developed on that data by using principles of object-oriented design and analysis and unified modeling language. By the help of the software developed, the data management can be carried out easily. By this study, a solution is proposed for the cadastral data management problem of the municipalities, and this study is one of the first studies developed for parcel related data using object-oriented approach for municipalities.
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Thornton, Frederick Perry Boynton. "A concurrent, object-based implementation for the Tactical level of the Rational Behavior Model /". Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 1993. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA275024.
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Yang, Shanning. "An object-oriented model-based approach for searching and querying the World Wide Web". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape3/PQDD_0015/MQ54762.pdf.
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Ditzenberger, David A. "Selection and extraction of local geometric features for two dimensional model-based object recognition". Virtual Press, 1992. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/834526.
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A topic of computer vision that has been recently studied by a substantial number of scientists is the recognition of objects in digitized gray scale images. The primary goal of model-based object recognition research is the efficient and precise matching of features extracted from sensory data with the corresponding features in an object model database. A source of difficulty during the feature extraction is the determination and representation of pertinent attributes from the sensory data of the objects in the image. In addition, features which are visible from a single vantage point are not usually adequate for the unique identification of an object and its orientation. This paper will describe a regimen that can be used to address these problems. Image preprocessing such as edge detection, image thinning, thresholding, etc., will first be addressed. This will be followed by an in depth discussion that will center upon the extraction of local geometric feature vectors and the hypothesis-verification model used for two dimensional object recognition.Department of Computer Science
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Thornton, Frederick Perry Boynton Jr. "A concurrent, object-based implementation for the Tactical level of the Rational Behavior Model". Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/40006.
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Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.The middle, or Tactical, level of the Rational Behavior Model (RBM) is the essential bridge linking the top and bottom levels of the model together. To insure an autonomous vehicle maintains control and thus exhibits rational behavior during such time-consuming tasks as search, homing, and route replanning, the Tactical level must be able to handle concurrency. Until now, this level has been implemented in only a limited way using an object-oriented language and sequential operations. The objective of this thesis is to construct an implementation model that represents the concurrency inherent in the Tactical level within the framework of the design model already developed. The method for building this implementation is to use the Ada task construct for concurrency to represent the objects of the design model and their communication with each other. This research creates a Tactical level implementation in Ada for the NPS Autonomous Underwater Vehicle (AUV) simulator that successfully executes a mission scenario involving transit, search, task, and return phases and the same mission scenario with route replanning.
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Zografos, V. "Pose-invariant, model-based object recognition, using linear combination of views and Bayesian statistics". Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2009. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/18954/.
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This thesis presents an in-depth study on the problem of object recognition, and in particular the detection of 3-D objects in 2-D intensity images which may be viewed from a variety of angles. A solution to this problem remains elusive to this day, since it involves dealing with variations in geometry, photometry and viewing angle, noise, occlusions and incomplete data. This work restricts its scope to a particular kind of extrinsic variation; variation of the image due to changes in the viewpoint from which the object is seen. A technique is proposed and developed to address this problem, which falls into the category of view-based approaches, that is, a method in which an object is represented as a collection of a small number of 2-D views, as opposed to a generation of a full 3-D model. This technique is based on the theoretical observation that the geometry of the set of possible images of an object undergoing 3-D rigid transformations and scaling may, under most imaging conditions, be represented by a linear combination of a small number of 2-D views of that object. It is therefore possible to synthesise a novel image of an object given at least two existing and dissimilar views of the object, and a set of linear coefficients that determine how these views are to be combined in order to synthesise the new image. The method works in conjunction with a powerful optimization algorithm, to search and recover the optimal linear combination coefficients that will synthesize a novel image, which is as similar as possible to the target, scene view. If the similarity between the synthesized and the target images is above some threshold, then an object is determined to be present in the scene and its location and pose are defined, in part, by the coefficients. The key benefits of using this technique is that because it works directly with pixel values, it avoids the need for problematic, low-level feature extraction and solution of the correspondence problem. As a result, a linear combination of views (LCV) model is easy to construct and use, since it only requires a small number of stored, 2-D views of the object in question, and the selection of a few landmark points on the object, the process which is easily carried out during the offline, model building stage. In addition, this method is general enough to be applied across a variety of recognition problems and different types of objects. The development and application of this method is initially explored looking at two-dimensional problems, and then extending the same principles to 3-D. Additionally, the method is evaluated across synthetic and real-image datasets, containing variations in the objects’ identity and pose. Future work on possible extensions to incorporate a foreground/background model and lighting variations of the pixels are examined.
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Bevington, John S. "A model for generating object-based change information from multi-temporal remotely-sensed imagery". Thesis, University of Southampton, 2009. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/193461/.
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As world populations increasingly are clustered in urban areas, so there is a tangible need for accurate mapping of these regions by national mapping agencies. A consequential impact of growing cities is that greater numbers of people across the globe are vulnerable to the effects of natural disasters or anthropogenic catastrophes. Tools such as remote sensing have been widely used by researchers to monitor urban areas for applications such as land use and land cover changes and population distribution to name a few. Air- and space-borne sensors with fine spatio-temporal resolutions have facilitated these analyses, offering an effective and efficient data source for multi-temporal analysis of urban areas. Alongside the increased data availability from remote sensors is a demand for efficient algorithms for interpretation of these images. This thesis describes the development of a conceptual framework for the iterative processing of fine spatial resolution optical images. It consists of two central components, object detection and object comparison. In the object detection phase, buildings are identified in the image and extracted as objects stored in a scene model. Object attributes describing the location, geometric, spectral and textural characteristics of each object are stored in a database, allowing the on-demand display as vector or raster entities. The thesis implements the model through exemplars for the detection of circular and cylindrical features on several remote sensing and simulated datasets. The object comparison phase allows automated change information to be generated describing per-object and intra-object brightness variability over time, hence, allowing change to be quantified for each detected feature. These descriptors facilitate the manual use of qualitative scales for damage assessment. A detailed discussion is presented on the merit of the conceptual model, its limitations and describes how future expansion of the model to full implementation could be achieved.
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Tuong, Frédéric. "Constructing Semantically Sound Object-Logics for UML/OCL Based Domain-Specific Languages". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLS085/document.
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Les langages de spécifications basés et orientés objets (comme UML/OCL, JML, Spec#, ou Eiffel) permettent la création et destruction, la conversion et tests de types dynamiques d'objets statiquement typés. Par dessus, les invariants de classes et les opérations de contrat peuvent y être exprimés; ces derniers représentent les éléments clés des spécifications orientées objets. Une sémantique formelle des structures de données orientées objets est complexe : des descriptions imprécises mènent souvent à différentes interprétations dans les outils qui en résultent. Dans cette thèse, nous démontrons comment dériver un environnement de preuves moderne comme un méta-outil pour la définition et l'analyse de sémantique formelle de langages de spécifications orientés objets. Étant donné une représentation d'un langage particulier plongé en Isabelle/HOL, nous construisons pour ce langage un environnement étendu d'Isabelle, à travers une méthode de génération de code particulière, qui implique notamment plusieurs variantes de génération de code. Le résultat supporte l'édition asynchrone, la vérification de types, et les activités de déduction formelle, tous "hérités" d'Isabelle. En application de cette méthode, nous obtenons un outil de modélisation orienté objet pour du UML/OCL textuel. Nous intégrons également des idiomes non nécessairement présent dans UML/OCL --- en d'autres termes, nous développons un support pour des dialectes d'UML/OCL à domaine spécifique. En tant que construction méta, nous définissons un méta-modèle d'une partie d'UML/OCL en HOL, un méta-modèle d'une partie de l'API d'Isabelle en HOL, et une fonction de traduction entre eux en HOL. Le méta-outil va alors exploiter deux procédés de générations de code pour produire soit du code raisonnablement efficace, soit du code raisonnablement lisible. Cela fournit donc deux modes d'animations pour inspecter plus en détail la sémantique d'un langage venant d'être plongé : en chargeant à vitesse réelle sa sémantique, ou simplement en retardant à un autre niveau "méta" l'expérimentation précédente pour un futur instant de typage en Isabelle, que ce soit pour des raisons de performances, de tests ou de prototypages. Remarquons que la génération de "code raisonnablement efficace", et de "code raisonnablement lisible" incluent la génération de code tactiques qui prouvent une collection de théorèmes formant une théorie de types de données orientés objets d'un modèle dénotationnel : étant donné un modèle de classe UML/OCL, les preuves des propriétés pertinentes aux conversions, tests de types, constructeurs et sélecteurs sont traitées automatiquement. Cette fonctionnalité est similaire aux paquets de théories de types de données présents au sein d'autres prouveurs de la famille HOL, à l'exception que certaines motivations ont conduit ce travail présent à programmer des tactiques haut-niveaux en HOL lui-même. Ce travail prend en compte les plus récentes avancées du standard d'UML/OCL 2.5. Par conséquent, tous les types UML/OCL ainsi que les types logiques distinguent deux éléments d'exception différents : invalid (exception) et null (élément non-existant). Cela entraîne des conséquences sur les propriétés aussi bien logiques qu'algébriques des structures orientées objets résultant des modèles de classes. Étant donné que notre construction est réduite à une séquence d'extension conservative de théorie, notre approche peut garantir la correction logique du langage entier considéré, et fournit une méthodologie pour étendre formellement des langages à domaine spécifiqueObject-based and object-oriented specification languages (likeUML/OCL, JML, Spec#, or Eiffel) allow for the creation and destruction, casting and test for dynamic types of statically typed objects. On this basis, class invariants and operation contracts can be expressed; the latter represent the key elements of object-oriented specifications. A formal semantics of object-oriented data structures is complex: imprecise descriptions can often imply different interpretations in resulting tools. In this thesis we demonstrate how to turn a modern proof environment into a meta-tool for definition and analysis of formal semantics of object-oriented specification languages. Given a representation of a particular language embedded in Isabelle/HOL, we build for this language an extended Isabelle environment by using a particular method of code generation, which actually involves several variants of code generation. The result supports the asynchronous editing, type-checking, and formal deduction activities, all "inherited" from Isabelle. Following this method, we obtain an object-oriented modelling tool for textual UML/OCL. We also integrate certain idioms not necessarily present in UML/OCL --- in other words, we develop support for domain-specific dialects of UML/OCL. As a meta construction, we define a meta-model of a part of UML/OCL in HOL, a meta-model of a part of the Isabelle API in HOL, and a translation function between both in HOL. The meta-tool will then exploit two kinds of code generation to produce either fairly efficient code, or fairly readable code. Thus, this provides two animation modes to inspect in more detail the semantics of a language being embedded: by loading at a native speed its semantics, or just delay at another "meta"-level the previous experimentation for another type-checking time in Isabelle, be it for performance, testing or prototyping reasons. Note that generating "fairly efficient code", and "fairly readable code" include the generation of tactic code that proves a collection of theorems forming an object-oriented datatype theory from a denotational model: given a UML/OCL class model, the proof of the relevant properties for casts, type-tests, constructors and selectors are automatically processed. This functionality is similar to the datatype theory packages in other provers of the HOL family, except that some motivations have conducted the present work to program high-level tactics in HOL itself. This work takes into account the most recent developments of the UML/OCL 2.5 standard. Therefore, all UML/OCL types including the logic types distinguish two different exception elements: invalid (exception) and null (non-existing element). This has far-reaching consequences on both the logical and algebraic properties of object-oriented data structures resulting from class models. Since our construction is reduced to a sequence of conservative theory extensions, the approach can guarantee logical soundness for the entire considered language, and provides a methodology to soundly extend domain-specific languages
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Lanyon, Linda Jane. "A biased competition computational model of spatial and object-based attention mediating active visual search". Thesis, University of Plymouth, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/1917.
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A computational cognitive neuroscience approach was used to examine processes of visual attention in the human and monkey brain. The aim of the work was to produce a biologically plausible neurodynamical model of both spatial and object-based attention that accounted for observations in monkey visual areas V4, inferior temporal cortex (IT) and the lateral intraparietal area (LIP), and was able to produce search scan path behaviour similar to that observed in humans and monkeys. Of particular interest currently in the visual attention literature is the biased competition hypothesis (Desimone & Duncan. 1995). The model presented here is the first active vision implementation of biased competition, where attcntional shifts are overt. Therefore, retinal inputs change during the scan path and this approach raised issues, such as memory for searched locations across saccades, not addressed bv previous models with static retinas. This is the first model to examine the different time courses associated with spatial and object-based effects at the cellular level. Single cell recordings in areas V4 (Luck et al., 1997; Chelazzi et al., 2001) and IT (Chelazzi ct al., 1993, 1998) were replicated such that attentional effects occurred at the appropriate time after onset of the stimulus. Object-based effects at the cellular level of the model led to systems level behaviour that replicated that observed during active visual search for orientation and colour feature conjunction targets in psychophysical investigations. This provides a valuable insight into the link between cellular and system level behaviour in natural systems. At the systems level, the simulated search process showed selectivity in its scan path that was similar to that observed in humans (Scialfa & Joffe, 1998; Williams & Reingold, 2001) and monkeys (Motter & Belky. 1998b), being guided to target coloured locations in preference to locations containing the target orientation or blank areas. A connection between the ventral and dorsal visual processing streams (Ungerleider & Mishkin. 1982) is suggested to contribute to this selectivity and priority in the featural guidance of search. Such selectivity and avoidance of blank areas has potential application in computer vision applications. Simulation of lesions within the model and comparison with patient data provided further verification of the model. Simulation of visual neglect due to parietal cortical lesion suggests that the model has the capability to provide insights into the neural correlates of the conscious perception of stimuli The biased competition approach described here provides an extendable framework within which further "bottom-up" stimulus and "top-down" mnemonic and cognitive biases can be added, in order to further examine exogenous versus endogenous factors in the capture of attention.
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MacLean, Angus. "A lightweight, graph-theoretic model of class-based similarity to support object-oriented code reuse". Thesis, Robert Gordon University, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.249740.
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Michaelis, Stephen Henry. "A Model of Suicidal Behavior In Latency Age Children Based on Developmental Object Relations Theory". PDXScholar, 1989. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/2939.
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This thesis attempts to explicate the manifestation of suicidal behavior in latency age children based on developmental object relations theory. It asserts that the susceptibility to suicidal behavior becomes part of the child's developing ego organization during the first three years of life as the result of deviant or distorted emotional development. These disturbances interfere with the normal internalizing processes of the separation individuation phases, including the development of psychological mechanisms.
To accomplish the purpose of the study, the thesis generally classifies object relations theory within the parameters of developmental psychopathology and specifically classifies it as a component of contemporary psychodynamic theory. Then follows an exposition of the separation individuation process and attendant development of psychological mechanisms in normal and disturbed development. This section concludes by identifying the normally developing child around thirty-six months of age as possessing the capacity to unite disparate self and object images into a single, whole person for appropriate self comfort, self-image formation, and self-esteem regulation through having received primarily gratifying interactions with caregivers. The child with disturbed development lacks this capacity because of the internalization of primarily negative object-images through primarily negative interactions with caregivers. The child lacks trust in itself and in others, tends to perceive itself and others as all-good or all-bad, and experiences hostility and depression.
A definition of latency and a description of this developmental stage follows. Cognitive development marked by secondary thought processes and reliance upon dynamic psychological mechanisms--ego defenses--to sustain a behavioral and emotional equilibrium, rather than a diminution of drives, permit latency to become established. As part of the structure of latency, fantasy serves a defensive and adaptive function by providing an outlet for drive expression and for mastery of situations intrapsychically. Children with disturbances in ego organization have a less established structure of latency than do normal children, that is, they rely to a greater extent on psychological mechanisms characteristic of the separation-individuation phases.
A review of empirical and clinical research of suicidal children encompasses family environment; loss, depression, and hopelessness; cognitive functioning; and defense mechanisms. Suicidal children live in stressful, chaotic families with confused role relationships. Findings regarding the relationships among loss, depression, and hopelessness appear mixed although integrally related. Suicidal children conceive of impersonal death as final while construing personal death as reversible as a defensive maneuver. Suicidal fantasies constitute the precursors to suicidal planning and actions. Suicidal children show impaired ability to devise active coping strategies. They seem to rely excessively on ego defenses considered developmentally appropriate in early stages of development, such as introjection.
A synthesis of theoretical formulations and research findings sets forth the developmental sequence culminating in suicidal behavior. The model depicts a child's developing ego organization predisposed to depression, hostility, and low self-esteem caused by the internalization of a predominance of negative self- and object-images. It portrays susceptibility to suicidal behavior through the incapacity to exercise self-protection under stressful situations because of a reliance upon maladaptive ego defenses. Fantasies to relieve psychic pain as part of latency defenses transform into fantasies of suicide; these presage and allow for planning and, given the failure of ego defenses, suicidal behavior results.
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Wischnewski, Marco [Verfasser]. "Where to look next? : Proto-object based priority in a TVA-based model of visual attention / Marco Wischnewski. Technische Fakultät". Bielefeld : Universitätsbibliothek Bielefeld, Hochschulschriften, 2012. http://d-nb.info/1022614347/34.
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Ortega-García, José Antonio. "Forest stand delineation through remote sensing and Object-Based Image Analysis". Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Samhällsbyggnad, GIS, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-28005.
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Forest stand delineation is an essential task of forest management planning which can be time consuming and exposed to subjectivity. The increasing availability of LiDAR data and multispectral imagery offers an opportunity to improve stand delineation by means of remotely-sensed data. Under these premises, ASTER imagery and low-density LiDAR data have been used to automatically delineate forest stands in several forests of Navarra (Spain) through Object-Based Image Analysis (OBIA). Canopy cover, mean height and the canopy model have been extracted from LiDAR data and, along with VNIR ASTER bands, introduced in OBIA for forest segmentation. The outcome of segmentation has been contrasted, on the one hand, assessing segments’ inner heterogeneity. On the other, OBIA’s segments and existing stand delineations have been compared with a new method of geometrical fitting which has been ad hoc designed for this study. Results suggest that low-density LiDAR and multispectral data, along with OBIA, are a powerful tool for stand delineation. Multispectral images have a limited predicting utility for species differentiation and, in practical terms, they help to discriminate between broad-leaved, conifer and mixed stands. The performance of ASTER data, though, could be improved with higher spatial resolution VNIR imagery, specifically sub-metric VNIR orthophotos. LiDAR data, in contrast, offers a great potential for forest structure depiction. This perspective is connected with the increasingly higher resolution datasets which are to be provided by public institutions and the rapid development of drone technology. Complexity of OBIA may limit the use of this technique for small consulting firms but it is an advisable instrument for companies and institutions involved in major forestry projects.No
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Cass, Todd A. "Robust 2-D Model-Based Object Recognition". 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/6823.
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Techniques, suitable for parallel implementation, for robust 2D model-based object recognition in the presence of sensor error are studied. Models and scene data are represented as local geometric features and robust hypothesis of feature matchings and transformations is considered. Bounds on the error in the image feature geometry are assumed constraining possible matchings and transformations. Transformation sampling is introduced as a simple, robust, polynomial-time, and highly parallel method of searching the space of transformations to hypothesize feature matchings. Key to the approach is that error in image feature measurement is explicitly accounted for. A Connection Machine implementation and experiments on real images are presented.
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Kwo, Wen Hwang, i 郭文煌. "A Homogeneous Set-Based Object-Oriented Model". Thesis, 1994. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/05990086902724675910.
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碩士國立中正大學
資訊工程研究所
82
We present an object-oriented data model which includes an algebra of classes that is closed under the operations of union, intersection, difference, selection, projection, and join. The closure property means that any set expression has a well- defined set of elements with a specific set of required attributes with well-defined domains, and which satisfy a well- defined invariant. Therefore, each class also has a definite set of ISA parent classes, ISA subclasses and inherited slots and methods with well-defined domains. The involving the union, intersection, difference, select, project, and join operators. That is, the set expression is moved into its correct location in the ISA hierarchy, depending on the invariant which is computed for that expression.
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Cheng, Ya-Wen, i 鄭雅文. "A Model-based Object-Oriented Requirement Editor". Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/58504512177051246334.
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碩士東海大學
資訊工程與科學系
96
It is an important subject for information system developer to come up the application software that meets user’s requirements. And one of the key tasks in software development cycle is to correctly define the new system requirement. Unfortunately most of the user requirements are written in natural language format. It can easily lead to a situation which is full of ambiguity, inconsistency, imprecision and incompleteness. At the same time, it will incur a lot of conversion cost and time when trying to convert such written requirements into object oriented analysis and design documents. To resolve such problem, this paper proposes an object oriented structure that can be used to specify, analyze and manage the software requirements. An object has its natural characteristic of inheritance. This characteristic brings certain design advantages. So object oriented design methodology has become a new development trend. We can define the user requirement as an object and classify it. We can then easily manage the requirement object and its characteristic with some predefined methods. The proposed structure will also help system developer to access to the requirement systematically. It can be used furthermore in the analysis and design development cycle without creating any inconsistency. Based on modeling, object oriented requirement engineering can enhance the efficiency during the requirement cycle. It can also simplify the process in software development such as the stage conversion from requirement into analysis and design. It will further resolve the inconsistency issue. It can help to reduce the development cost as well.
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Huang, Hwa-Chang, i 黃華昌. "An Object Based Multimedia Applications System Model". Thesis, 1995. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/83246793621339461126.
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碩士淡江大學
資訊工程研究所
83
In this thesis, we introduce a "Multimedia Object Composition Model"(MOCM). This model includes a script language specification that is used to describe the spatial and temporal composition relationships among multimedia objects. This model also has a preprocessor to translate users' description into host language. The preprocessor parses the scripts and generates a spatial and temporal relation table of all objects. Then through this table, preprocessor can generate an executable program. For multimedia application designers, they can use the tools provided by this system with host programming language ( ex. C, C++ ) to write multimedia application systems easily. For example, we can develope multimedia presentation systems, multimedia explanations, CAI and so on. The MOCM's media object class hierarchy we developed is an open ended architecture. It hides the implementation details from users. Currently, we only support three types of media : audio, video, and text. If a user want to include another type of MOCM's media object, he only have to inherit suitable super class given in the frameworks to create a new class, and just call the library functions associated with new media.
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MAO, SHI-MIN, i 茆世民. "A composite object based hypertext data model". Thesis, 1991. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/93924603830281370146.
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Lin, Kai-Chun, i 林凱君. "Multi-Scale Attention Model Based Object Detection". Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/dhx3et.
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碩士國立中央大學
資訊工程學系
106
In recent years, deep learning plays an important role in Artificial Intelligence, which Convolutional Neural Network(CNN) has a breakthrough performance comparing with the traditional methods in image classification. Object detection is the popular issue in the image processing, and it has a lot of applications in our life, include face detection, pedestrian detection which can be used in self-driving car and the self-service store need the object detection application in product detection. There were lots of object detection research published in the world. One is SSD: Single Shot Multibox Detector, which combines predictions from multiple feature maps with different resolutions to naturally handle objects of various size. Our paper combines the advantages of two networks: multi-scale network and feature pyramid network. Proposed adding the attention mechanism to the network. This network can be trained end-to-end. In this work, based on FPNSSD network and add Attention mechanism into multi-scale network. The Attention mechanism can let the deep network learned the important area in the feature map, and gave more weight in important area. Because the attention mechanism had better performance in classification and segmentation, we add attention in the multi-scale network, hopes it have better performance in small object detection. In the experiment, FPNSSD with attention got the better performance of bonding box and classification in the small object like bird, bottle in VOC challenge 2012.
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Lan, Yu Yung, i 藍昱詠. "Model Based Object Contour Detection For Image Sequence". Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/14621787028400946053.
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碩士樹德科技大學
資訊工程系碩士班
103
This paper presents an object contour detection using the object shape model. First, we detect the change of background luminance ratio outside the bounding box of object. Second, the temporal segmentation is obtained by mesh based motion activity detection. A new combined mask is composed of temporal segmentation result and shape model by OR operation. Finally, for modification of the mask, we detect the non-matching points with local gradient along the boundary of combined mask in a counting window. And the MSE is calculated for the detection of the matching points. The video object contour will be obtained by the iterative algorithm.
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Bose, Sanku Kumar. "Applications of invariants in model based object recognition". Thesis, 1994. http://localhost:8080/iit/handle/2074/2218.
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THINH, NGUYEN VAN, i NGUYEN VAN THINH. "Moving Object Detection based on Ordered Dithering Codebook Model". Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/35241918289800844560.
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碩士國立臺灣科技大學
電機工程系
102
This thesis presents an effective multi-layer background modelingmethod to detect moving objects by exploiting the advantage of distinctive features and hierarchical structure of the Codebook (CB) model. In the process, two image features are involved, namely the mean RGB feature and the Binary Ordered Dithering (BOD) feature.The mean RGB feature is one of the most fundamental features employed in moving-object detection applications. However, in the block-based structure, the mean-color feature within a block often does not contain sufficient texture information, causing incorrect classification especially in large block size layers.Conversely, binary bitmap generated from the Ordered Dithering (OD) is a more effective candidate for the estimation of texture information within individual blocks. Thus, the BOD feature becomes an important supplement to the mean RGB feature for the formation of a novel discriminative feature in a block-based object detection system. The background model described in this thesis consists of four layers, which can be categorized into three block-based layers and onepixel-based layer. The block-based layers are employed for the efficient removal the background, and the pixel-based layer is for foreground refinement. To further improve the detection results, several additional steps are included, such as the shadow and highlight removal for the identification of the true foreground. Moreover, the Long-term Stationary Foreground Removal (LSFR) method is employed for the determination of the stationary foreground. And the Isolated False Positive Foreground Removal (IFPFR) technique is used for the removal of the isolated foreground pixel to improve the final detected result. In summary, the uniqueness of this approach is the incorporation of the halftoningscheme with the codebook model for superior performance over the existing methods