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Rozprawy doktorskie na temat „Obesity in children”

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Autor: Grafiati

Data publikacji: 4 czerwca 2021

Data aktualizacji: 29 lipca 2024

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1

Okwuosa, Veronica A. "Obesity among Latino children". Thesis, California State University, Long Beach, 2013. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1522591.

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Obesity is described as a chronic disease affecting adults, children, and adolescents. It has become a significant burden for the healthcare system and is considered one of the top health problems contributing to severe complications from childhood through adulthood. Obesity represents one of the most worrisome health problems in the United States, because it directly affects the health of individuals.

The research objective was to educate parents and grandparents of Latino children under age 17 regarding the importance of healthy food choices and physical activity. The aim was to empower parents and grandparents to practice health promotion and disease prevention. A descriptive design with pretest and posttest was utilized to indicate the knowledge gained by participants after the instructional phase. The result of the data analysis indicated an increase for the majority of participants regarding their level of understanding about healthy eating and the importance of physical activity.

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2

Rowlinson, Madaleine. "Obesity stigma in young children". Thesis, University of Leeds, 2011. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/1740/.

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The prevalence of obesity has increased over recent years but obesity stigma remains widespread. The main aim of this study was to examine whether the hypothesised rejection of fatness by young children is specific to overweight or common to other visible difference. Whether the body size of the character’s peer group moderates or accentuates the rejection was also examined. One hundred and fifty, four to six year old school children (79 girls, 71 boys, mean age of 5 years and 7 months), were individually interviewed. The main character was presented in a story as either overweight, in a wheelchair or average weight. The character’s peer group was also varied in weight. Two methods were used to evaluate the character’s perceived attributes. The main and comparison characters were rated on five point scales. Then participants chose which character was most likely to possess the attribute. Participants also made a friendship choice. Forced choice attribute questions showed a preference for the average weight over the overweight character for happiness with her looks, number of friends, likelihood of receiving party invites, being good at school work and likelihood of winning a race. The character in a wheelchair was also rejected but on fewer attributes. Ratings showed significant differences on similar attributes but the mean scores were neutral or positive, rather than negative. On the friendship choice between the overweight and average weight characters children rejected the overweight character. The weight of the character’s peer group was also found to affect perceptions of the main character. Young children perceive and evaluate obesity differently to other visible difference but not overwhelmingly negatively. Peer relationships appear to be the attribute most affected. Social context also appears to be important at this age. The way in which children are asked to make judgements appears to affect the degree of negativity.

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3

He, Qing, i 何淸. "Childhood obesity: definition, risk factors and consequences". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2000. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31240252.

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He, Qing. "Childhood obesity : definition, risk factors and consequences /". Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2000. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B21904145.

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5

Tin, Sze-pui Pamela, i 田詩蓓. "Lifestyle, self-esteem and obesity among children". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/196449.

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Background: Childhood obesity remains a major public health concern. While preventing childhood obesity is important, the effectiveness of existing prevention strategies is indefinite. Important obesity contributors are speculated to be overlooked while the role of well-studied obesity-related factors has been questioned. Objectives: 1) Although the association between lifestyle and obesity is seemingly well-established, how an overlooked dietary factor, breakfast location, associates with obesity was investigated 2) At a time where inconsistencies in findings for the frequently studied association between TV viewing and obesity still exist, this thesis tested for the existence of the said association in the understudied Chinese population 3) The effect of mental health on childhood obesity is understudied. Using self-esteem as a mental health indicator, the effect of self-esteem on childhood obesity was investigated To understand the role of lifestyle factors in the association between self-esteem and obesity, how 4) breakfast habit and 5) TV viewing habit associates with self-esteem was explored Methods: A cohort of 83405 primary 4 (P4) Department of Health Student Health Service participants (49.7% male, mean age 9.9 years) in 1998-2000 were successfully tracked for 2 years into primary 6 (P6). A self-administered health questionnaire collected information on the breakfast and TV habits of participants alongside other lifestyle characteristics. Self-esteem was assessed using the four Culture Free Self-Esteem Inventories for Children (SEI) subscales. Body mass index (BMI) was derived using objectively measured weight and height. Weight status was classified in accordance to International Obesity Task Force standards. Logistic, multinomial logistic and linear regression were used to yield adjusted odds ratios (AOR) and β-coefficients for becoming overweight/obese in P6 (among P4 normal weight children), breakfast skipping/location, TV viewing habit and SEI subscale scores. Breakfast skipping behaviour was tested as a mediator in the association between self-esteem and obesity using standard mediation procedures. Breakfast and TV viewing habits were tested as effect modifiers in the same association by inclusion of interaction terms in models. Results: Among normal weight P4 children, those who skipped breakfast (AOR: 1.24; 95% CI: 1.02 to 1.51) or ate away from home (1.39; 1.20 to 1.60) were more likely to become overweight/obese in P6. Poor self-esteem was also associated with higher AORs for becoming overweight/obese, particularly among girls. While TV viewing in P4 did not predict overweight/obesity in P6, those who increased TV watching hours (≤2h/day to 2h/day) during the two follow-up years were 32% more likely to become overweight/obese in P6 than their counterparts who maintained watching ≤2h/day. Breakfast habit and self-esteem was bi-directionally associated. Although a curvilinear inverted J-shaped relation between P4 TV viewing and P6 self-esteem was observed, self-esteem did not predict TV viewing habit. While neither breakfast nor TV viewing habit significantly interacted with self-esteem to predict obesity, breakfast skipping was found to be a potential partial mediator in the association between self-esteem and obesity. Conclusion: Breakfast location, self-esteem and TV viewing patterns over time are important to consider in relation to childhood obesity. Additionally, the association between self-esteem and obesity could be mediated by lifestyle factors.
published_or_final_version
Community Medicine
Doctoral
Doctor of Philosophy

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6

Hayden, Wade Helen A. "A proposed psychosocial consequences model of childhood obesity /". Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 2002. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3044785.

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7

Au, W. M. "Childhood obesity in Hong Kong medical and psychological sequelae /". Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2003. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B31971416.

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8

Duncan, Elizabeth Karndu. "Obesity and its determinants in girls from five ethnic groups a thesis submitted to the Auckland University of Technology in fulfilment of the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, July 2008 /". Click here to access this resource online, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10292/463.

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9

Harrison, Sarah. "Stereotyping and stigmatisation of obesity in young children". Thesis, University of Leeds, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.511127.

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10

Warren, Janet M. "Strategies for the prevention of obesity in children". Thesis, Oxford Brookes University, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.251367.

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11

Paisi, Martha. "Obesity and dental caries in children in Plymouth". Thesis, University of Plymouth, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/9582.

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Background: Obesity and dental caries are two of the most common conditions affecting children and both have significant implications on children’s wellbeing and future health. Even though research into the relationship between the two conditions has been conducted for many years, results to date remain equivocal. Furthermore, the majority of the studies only examined individual-level determinants of the two conditions. Aim: The current work aimed to examine the nature, direction and effect size of the relationship between obesity and caries in children in Plymouth, United Kingdom. It also aimed to better understand the individual and the broader environmental determinants of the two conditions. Methods: The study was divided into three parts: a systematic review examining the relationship between the two conditions in children and adolescents using a validated and study design specific tool; an analysis of extant data concerning Plymouth children’s weight status and dental caries using a spatial approach; and lastly a school survey of local children aged four to six years, where different types of obesity were examined in relation to dental caries. In the latter survey, several neighbourhood-level and individual characteristics were also examined in relation to the two conditions. Results: The systematic review indicated that there was no consistent association between high Body Mass Index and caries in individuals less than 18 years old. The ecological study identified spatial clusters of obesity and caries in Plymouth children and the results supported the importance of developing geographically focused prevention and intervention strategies which take into account the presence of spatial heterogeneity. The school survey did not find evidence of a relationship between any type of obesity and caries in Plymouth children but identified several indicators that affect the distribution of the two conditions. Conclusions: This work has given insight into the nature, direction and size of the relationship between obesity and caries in Plymouth children and has highlighted several indicators which need to be considered when developing local public health interventions.

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12

Ebner, Jessica. "Raising awareness of school counselors regarding issues of childhood obesity". Online version, 2008. http://www.uwstout.edu/lib/thesis/2008/2008ebnerj.pdf.

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13

Sheu, Jiunn-jye. "Psychosocial antecedents of selected dietary behaviors among sixth grade Taiwanese children /". Digital version accessible at:, 1999. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/main.

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14

Paxton, Heather L. "The effects of childhood obesity on self-esteem". Huntington, WV : [Marshall University Libraries], 2005. http://www.marshall.edu/etd/descript.asp?ref=518.

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15

Eaves, Audrey Denise Houmard Joseph A. "Effects of parental obesity on fat metabolism during submaximal exercise in children". [Greenville, N.C.] : East Carolina University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10342/1905.

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Thesis (M.S.)--East Carolina University, 2009.
Presented to the faculty of the Department of Exercise and Sport Science. Advisor: Joseph Houmard. Title from PDF t.p. (viewed May 4, 2010). Includes bibliographical references.

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16

Jones, Caroline Helen Dorothy. "Exploring the short-sleep obesity association in young children". Thesis, Durham University, 2011. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/856/.

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There is strong and consistent epidemiological evidence that short sleep duration is associated with increased risk of obesity from early childhood. Childhood obesity and inadequate sleep have negative consequences for health and well-being, and the ability to target both of these public health concerns with a novel obesity intervention involving sleep extension is appealing; yet little is known about the mechanisms linking short sleep with obesity. In adults, hormonal mechanisms have been proposed; in young children, behavioural mechanisms and parenting are likely to be involved. Furthermore, the wider social and cultural determinants of short sleep and obesity should be incorporated into sleep-obesity research. This study aimed to explore some aspects of the sleep-obesity link in preschool children, using an exploratory design with a mixture of quantitative and qualitative methods, and applying an evolutionary medicine perspective. Participants were 109 3-year-old children and their parents in Stockton-on-Tees. Children’s sleep (validated by actigraphy), food intake and activity over 4 days/5 nights were assessed by parental diary report, and body composition was measured. Parents’ attitudes were explored using semi-structured interviews. Combined daytime and nighttime sleep duration was associated with central fat. Alternate parenting strategies were identified, based on regulation and consistency (routine-led), or child-governance and lack of regulation (routine-free). Building on the trends identified and the literature reviewed, I propose two hypotheses to explain the short sleep-obesity link in young children: the Behavioural Mechanisms Hypothesis (dietary and activity behaviours mediate or confound the association), and the Parental Confounding Hypothesis (parenting strategies, which vary with SES, impact on both children’s sleep duration and obesity risk). Parenting impacts children’s health by either limiting or facilitating discordance between children’s experiences in evolutionarily novel environments, and their biological make-up. I conclude that sleep-based obesity interventions should consider the wider context of children’s behaviours, particularly strategies of parenting.

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17

Hopman, Mariette Wilhelmina. "The psychological and social concomitants of obesity in children". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.239701.

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18

Kipping, Ruth. "Preventing obesity in children : developing a school-based intervention". Thesis, University of Bristol, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1983/82f67451-9d0a-4531-8aef-8b4b69c35372.

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The prevalence of childhood obesity has increased to epidemic proportions in Western Europe and North America. School-based interventions to prevent obesity have shown evidence of a reduction in the odds of obesity and weight, but most studies are from the US. The aims of this thesis are to examine the feasibility of transferring a US school based obesity prevention intervention for 9 to 10 year olds in England and to complete a feasibility study and pilot cluster randomised controlled trial of this intervention. The intervention is called 'Active for life year 5' (AFLY5). Using data from nationally representative surveys I found that obesity was at least 8% higher in US children aged 9-10 than English children. I found it is feasible and acceptable to adapt a US obesity prevention intervention to England. The intervention may lead to improvements in sedentary behaviour, physical activity, active travel to school, and eating healthy portions of fruit/vegetables, snacks and high energy drinks in English children. However, my pilot studies were too small to provide precise estimates that exclude the null. Homeworks engage some parents and may support behaviour change in a proportion of children. A sample size of 1300 children and 52 schools would be required for a full scale trial. A full-scale RCT of the intervention will provide robust evidence of the effectiveness of the intervention to decrease sedentary behaviour, increase physical activity and healthy eating. There are opportunities to integrate the intervention into existing public health initiatives.

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19

Ross, Kristie R. "Sleep Disordered Breathing, Obesity, and Asthma Severity in Children". Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1291296902.

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20

Basil, Janet S. "Retrospective Study of Obesity in Children with Down Syndrome". University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1427882782.

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21

Fernandes, Raquel Alexandra Rodrigues. "Molecular mechanisms in obesity and intensive training in children". Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/22363.

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Mestrado em Biomedicina Molecular
Physical inactivity is a major risk for obesity. This chronic disease results from a caloric imbalance causing an enlargement of adipocytes by excessive fat storage. With an increasing prevalence, childhood obesity is correlated with endothelial dysfunction, inflammation and oxidative stress conducting to the development of other diseases not only in children but also during adulthood. In other hand, numerous children practice exercise of high duration or intensity in high competition sports, which can have harmful effects at physical, physiological and psychological level. In high competition young athletes, oxidative stress and immunosuppression can happen leading to an elevated risk of infection. However, an improved lipid profile is found in childhood athletes. Thus, the objective of the present study was to analyze the impact of childhood obesity as well as intense swimming training in body composition, inflammation and lipid profile, through blood analysis, bioimpedance and immunodetection of the pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6 and TWEAK), a myokine (Myostatin) and an acute-phase protein (CRP). For that, 24 young people were recruited into three groups: obese, athlete and lean. The obese group had high levels of body fat, an atypical lipid profile (low HDL and high LDL), high levels of lactate dehydrogenase in the blood indicating tissue damage, chronic inflammation (high IL-6, CRP and TWEAK) and low muscle mass (high Myostatin) without muscle damage (low CK). However, low serum levels of hepatic enzyme (AST and ALT) in these obese children do not associate obesity with liver disease. In other hand, intense physical exercise is not a harmfull activity for young athletes, since the lipid profile is improved and the increased levels of inflammatory markers is not significant. The main benefit of intensive training is the decreased levels of glucose being a protective role for diabetes.
A inatividade física é um dos principais riscos para a obesidade. Esta doença crónica resulta de um desiquilíbrio calórico causando um alargamento dos adipócitos através do excesso de armazenamento de gordura. Com um aumento da prevalência, a obesidade infantil correlaciona-se com a disfunção endotelial, inflamação e stress oxidativo, conduzindo ao desenvolvimento de outras doenças não só em criança, mas também durante a idade adulta. Por outro lado, muitas crianças praticam exercício de elevada duração ou intensidade em desportos de alta competição, o que pode ter efeitos prejudiciais a nível físico, fisiológico e psicológico. Em jovens atletas de alta competição, stress oxidativo e imunossupressão podem ocorrer levando ao elavado risco de infeção. No entanto, perfis lipídicos melhorados são encontrados em crianças atletas. Desta forma, o objetivo do presente estudo foi analizar o impacto da obesidade infantil bem como de treinos intensivos de natação na composição corporal, inflamação e perfil lipídico através de análises ao sangue, bioimpedância e imunodeteção de citocinas pró-inflamatórias (IL-6 e TWEAK), uma miocina (Miostatina) e uma proteina de fase aguda (CRP). Para tal, foram recrutados 24 jovens divididos em três grupos: obesos, atletas e normoponderais. O grupo de obesos apresentou elevados níveis de gordura corporal, um perfil lipídico atípico (baixo HDL e elevado LDL), níveis elevados de lactato desidrogenase no sangue indicando dano tecidual, inflamação crónica (elevado IL-6, CRP e TWEAK) e massa muscular diminuida (elevada Miostatina) sem dano muscular (baixo CK). No entanto os baixos níveis de enzimas hepáticas (AST e ALT) no soro não associam a obesidade com doença hepática. Por outro lado, o exercício físico intenso não é uma atividade prejudicial para os jovens atletas, uma vez que o perfil lipídico é melhorado e o aumento dos níveis de marcadores inflamatórios não é significativo. O principal benefício do treino intensivo é a diminuição dos níveis de glucose tendo um papel protetor para a diabetes.

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22

Alexander, Mary A., i Jacqueline Blank Sherman. "Factors Related to Obesity in Mexican American School Children". Mexican American Studies & Research Center, The University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/624813.

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23

Onyeka, Uche. "Neighborhood-Level Predictors and Obesity Among African-American Children". ScholarWorks, 2018. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/4881.

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The steady raise in childhood obesity is a major public health problem nationally and globally. Childhood obesity is primarily caused by an imbalance between caloric intake and caloric expenditure. The increase in childhood obesity rates over the past 3 decades suggested involvement of environmental and behavioral factors in the obesity epidemic. While childhood obesity is considered a public health crisis in the United States, only limited research is available about the potential impact of neighborhood-level factors such as access to healthy food, neighborhood safety, and risk-free outdoor playgrounds. The purpose of this study was to examine if any relationships existed between childhood obesity and type of diet, level of physical activity, and neighborhood-level risk factors and childhood obesity. This study accessed the California Health Interview Survey (CHIS) 2009-2014 data sets. Chi-square tests and multivariate logistic regression were used to evaluate the associations between independent and dependent variables. The Wald test was used to assess the effects of each individual predictor, while adjusting for other predictors. The findings of this study showed no significant associations between childhood obesity and neighborhood safety; parental educational level; presence of parks, playgrounds, or open spaces; neighborhood walkability; neighborhood safety and support; and gender. Low physical activity levels, however were a significant risk factor for increase obesity. This study may lead to positive social change, enhancing individual lives and whole communities, by drawing the awareness of public health officials and policy makers to the importance of neighborhood factors associated with high body mass index.

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24

Lichtenfeld, Marc Jeremy. "Health transitions in school children overweight and obesity in Broome County, New York /". Diss., Online access via UMI:, 2009.

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Misner, Scottie. "Promoting Healthy Weight in Children". College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/146447.

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26

McGloin, Aileen Frances. "Energy balance in children and lean children at high and low risk of obesity". Thesis, University of Ulster, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.274129.

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27

Schoonover, Sarah Diane, i Wyona Marie Lagomarsino. "The effects of childhood obesity on elementary school absenteeism". CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2005. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/2750.

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The purpose of this study was to determine if a relationship existed between body mass index and school absence. The research was a retrospective study of school nurse height and weight reports and attendance reports for 2nd grade Hispanic students at an elementary school in Riverside, California.

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Moore, Brie Ashley. "Examining FIT WEB a new approach to the conceptualization and treatment of pediatric obesity /". abstract and full text PDF (free order & download UNR users only), 2007. http://0-gateway.proquest.com.innopac.library.unr.edu/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3258767.

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Boukhris, Tommy Tahar. "A public response to childhood obesity : evaluating the fresh fruit and vegetable program in Texas schools /". View online, 2007. http://ecommons.txstate.edu/arp/260/.

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Matthews, Jenna Lynn. "Average beverage intake and average BMI in 2-5 year old WIC children". Huntington, WV : [Marshall University Libraries], 2002. http://www.marshall.edu/etd/descript.asp?ref=135.

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31

Lakshman, Rajalakshmi. "Development of complex interventions to prevent childhood obesity". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.609780.

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32

Lau, Yick-chun, i 劉亦峻. "A systematic review on childhood obesity: risk factors and preventive interventions". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2010. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B45172754.

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Edmunds, Laurel Devina. "Primary prevention in children at risk of obesity as adults". Thesis, University of Exeter, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.302539.

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Al-Muraikhi, Amal Essa Ahmad Thani. "Preventing obesity in school children in the state of Qatar". Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2012. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/3421/.

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Introduction: Obesity has been recognized as a major public health problem worldwide that requires preventive action. Prevention is best targeted at children, there is lack of quantitative and qualitative research on obesity prevention in children and most have been conducted in western countries. The aim of this study is to describe the prevalence of obesity among 6-7 years old school children, investigate contributing factors and identify potential components for an intervention programme to prevent obesity amongst children in the State of Qatar. Methods The study consisted of two distinct parts: cross sectional survey and focus groups with a range of stakeholders. Results: Whilst there was a high prevalence of overweight and obesity 16%, underweight was also prevalent (21.7%). The results of the focus group discussions indicate that causes of childhood obesity are multifactorial, and a multi-sector approach to prevention would be acceptable. Some of the important barriers that need to be considered in developing interventions were highlighted. Conclusion: In Qatar there is coexistence of underweight and obesity in primary school children. Qualitative results suggest that a multi-sector approach to prevention would be acceptable toward dietary and physical activity, and suggested potential components for an intervention programme in preventing obesity amongst children in the State of Qatar.

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35

Dean, April Hancock. "Factors related to obesity in Anglo and Mexican-American children". Diss., The University of Arizona, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/187522.

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To identify factors associated with obesity and ethnicity, the diets and selected behaviors of 47 Anglo and 51 Mexican-American (MA) 3-7 year-old children were examined in interviews with their mothers. Children also wore a Caltrac physical activity monitor. Obesity was assessed using four criteria: the 85th and 95th percentiles of weight-for-height z-scores, and the 85th and 95th percentiles of the mean z-score of triceps and subscapular skinfolds. Results indicate that MA children ingest more energy than do Anglo children. The MA children have higher intakes of sweets, soda pop, protein, fat exchanges, fruits, and vegetables, though the Anglos eat more vegetables relative to energy intake. Except for calcium, the MA children have greater intakes of the vitamins and minerals examined. The MA children watch approximately 20 minutes more television per day than the Anglos and they had lower mean hourly Caltrac values. The obese received lower subjective physical activity ratings by their mothers, and they viewed 1.5-1.8 more hours of television per day than did the nonobese. The obese were breast-fed less as infants and are more likely to live in a household with someone who smokes. Mothers of the obese, particularly the MA obese, gained more weight and consumed more caffeinated beverages during pregnancy. Obese MA were much less likely to receive vitamin supplements than the nonobese MA. Fathers of obese MA children were less educated than fathers of the nonobese. Among the MA, acculturation to the U.S. society was higher for mothers of the obese children. With maternal acculturation comes the adoption of several behaviors which may increase risk for development of obesity. Acculturation is negatively correlated with the intakes of several vitamins and minerals, milk, vegetable servings, and vitamin A foods. It is positively correlated with soda pop, pizza, and caffeine intakes, as well as child television viewing (r = 0.43) and weight gain during pregnancy (r = 0.32). It is negatively correlated with maternal rating of child physical activity (r = 0.37). Compared with Anglo children, the MA children more frequently engage in behaviors which may result in obesity for those genetically predisposed. They consume more energy, fat, sweets, and soda pop, and they are more sedentary.

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36

Davis, Julia Mello. "An Overview of Sleep and Obesity in Children and Adolescents". Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/297535.

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Children across the world are more obese than ever before in history. Children are beginning to manifest weight-associated diseases previously only seen in adulthood. With obese children likely remaining so into adulthood, the implications of childhood obesity are significant and long lasting. This underscores the importance of understanding its development so that it may be reversed. One aspect that has paralleled the rise in obesity is a decline in sleep duration. Epidemiologic studies suggest short sleep might play a role in weight gain and the subsequent the development of obesity among children and adolescents. Sleep deprivation is associated with hormonal alterations that favor appetite stimulation and dysregulation of glucose metabolism. Additionally, decreased physical activity is associated with chronic short sleepers. Through these mechanisms, chronic short sleep may be one aspect of the obesity epidemic that can be targeted. This paper will address the body of evidence regarding the relationship between short sleep and obesity in children and adolescents.

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37

Retallick, Christopher. "Arterial stiffness, obesity and metabolic syndrome in children and adolescents". Thesis, University of South Wales, 2012. https://pure.southwales.ac.uk/en/studentthesis/arterial-stiffness-obesity-and-metabolic-syndrome-in-children-and-adolescents(cd768264-d8af-45ba-b858-285979d05ba2).html.

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Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death in Western Societies. The pathological processes and risk factors associated with its development begin in childhood, long before clinical consequences emerge. Cardiovascular risk factors have been shown to cluster together in adults and children, particularly in the presence of obesity. Exposure to these risk factors in the first decade of life has been shown to cause vascular endothelial dysfunction and autopsy documented atherosclerosis. Childhood overweight and obesity is increasing in worldwide, Western populations and is strongly associated with vascular dysfunction and arterial stiffness. The aim of this research program was to collect anthropometrical, haematological and physiological data from a large number of apparently healthy Welsh children and adolescents with the purpose of examining central and peripheral haemodynamic indices of arterial stiffness and their association with CVD risk factors. In addition it sought to examine the prevalence of overweight and obesity, the prevalence of metabolic syndrome and examine relationships with emerging risk factors. This study has shown that the prevalence of overweight and obesity in children and adolescents is high yet varies greatly dependent on the measurement methods and cut-off criteria applied. Prevalence estimates for metabolic syndrome ranged from 0% to 3.5%. All measures of adiposity showed significant associations with insulin resistance and with 2 or more components of the metabolic syndrome. Aortic pulse wave velocity increased with increasing BMI status. A negative association was found between arterial stiffness and aerobic fitness. The overall prevalence of hypertension was 9.8% with 4.4% of individuals identified with isolated systolic hypertension. The mechanisms underlying isolated systolic hypertension could not be confirmed through this study. Elevations in alanine aminotransferase were highly prevalent and strongly associated with insulin resistance, fasting insulin, body composition, clustering of metabolic risk factors and inversely related to aerobic fitness.

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Romero, Ann. "Prevention of Childhood Obesity among Low-Income Preschool-Aged Children". DigitalCommons@USU, 2005. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/5515.

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To determine the effects of a targeted curriculum and dual program involvement on childhood overweight status among low-income preschool children, a nutrition curriculum was developed. Three Special Supplemental Food Program for Women Infants and Children (WIC) clinics participated in the study: the control clinic, a clinic which received the targeted curriculum, and a third clinic which received the targeted curriculum and referred participant families to the Expanded Food and Nutrition lll Education Program (EFNEP). Participants were followed for six months. Data collected included anthropometrics, dietary intake, and parental behaviors. Results showed a decrease in body-mass index percentile, slight improvements in dietary intakes, and increased prevalence of healthy parental behaviors for all three clinics. Overall no significant differences between clinics were noted. Surveys indicated a positive impact of the curriculum in meeting desired objectives and a positive change on parents' self-efficacy.

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Nguyen, Thanh Wirat Kamsrichan. "Obesity and related factors among students grad 7-12 in Phuttha Monthon District, Nakhon Pathom Province, Thailand /". Abstract, 2008. http://mulinet3.li.mahidol.ac.th/thesis/2551/cd414/5038005.pdf.

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Grondhuis, Sabrina N. "Overweight and Obesity in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders: Findings Consistent with Typically Developing Children". The Ohio State University, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1405968482.

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Bell, Lana Michelle. "The medical complications of childhood obesity". University of Western Australia. School of Population Health, 2008. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2008.0139.

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[Truncated abstract] Introduction: Childhood obesity is currently a serious worldwide public health issue associated with many medical and psychosocial complications. The increasing disease burden with the potential for the development of medical co-morbidities has implications for future health care provision. This thesis adds to the understanding of the medical complications of overweight and obesity in childhood. Design and Aims: Two different, but related, research studies are reported. The first study is a cross-sectional study, designed to quantify the medical complications of childhood obesity in primary school-aged children in Western Australia. This study aims to identify the medical complications of primary school children with overweight/obesity. The study also aims to compare the medical complications of obesity in a community sample who have never sought treatment with a clinical sample who are actively seeking treatment for overweight/obesity. Finally, this study also aims to examine the relationship between the medical complications of childhood obesity and a continuum of children's Body Mass Index z-scores, including those in the normal range. The second study is an exercise intervention study to investigate the effect of exercise on one specific medical complication of obesity, namely insulin resistance. This study aims to determine if a structured eight-week exercise program significantly changes insulin resistance in obese children, and to determine if this decrease in insulin resistance is associated with changes in body composition and inflammatory markers. ... Conclusion: The prevalence of the medical complications of overweight and obesity in primary school children indicates that all children should have body mass index regularly checked from a young age. Children who are overweight/obese should be screened for the presence of co-morbidities despite a young age. Parents and health professionals needs to be educated that childhood obesity is associated with medical co-morbidities and is not simply a social or cosmetic concern. The continuous nature of the BMI z-score/co-morbidities relationship suggests that public health and health education strategies should include adopting a populationbased approach to weight management. This continuous relationship means that even in the normal BMI spectrum, the risk of developing co-morbidities rises with increasing BMI. Such an approach would encourage maintenance of normal weight for all children, rather than targeting overweight/obese children only. Increased activity and decreased sedentary behaviours should be recommended for all children in line with the population-based public health approach suggested above. However, exercise has a specific role in weight management strategies for overweight/obese children, and in management strategies for adiposityrelated co-morbidities. Significant metabolic benefits of exercise occur in the absence of changes in body shape and weight. After an exercise program, simple blood investigations (such as lipid profiles, fasting insulin and OGTTs) are likely to miss important metabolic improvements and anthropometry (BMI calculation, waist circumference) may be more indicative of potential metabolic improvement and decreased co-morbidity risk.

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Fong, Wan-chung Brian, i 方允中. "The impact of primary school lunch nutrition on childhood obesity : a systematic review". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/193757.

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Objective: To systematically review the feasibility and effectiveness of recent school lunch interventions in primary schools and whether they instil positive changes to childhood dietary habits and help prevent obesity. Background: Childhood obesity is a growing concern affecting 42 million children (2010) and increasing daily, and may be linked to adult obesity. Lunch contributes 24% of daily energy, making school lunch interventions monumentally important in reducing consumption of high fat and/or sugar foods, and increasing fruit and vegetable (F&V) intake. Methods: A literature search was conducted for studies with interventions in primary school environments that aimed to alter the consumption of fruits, vegetables, and unhealthy foods high in fat or sugar. Studies were only suitable if they utilized randomized controlled trial (RCT) or cluster RCT designs, and included relevant outcome measures for F&V or macronutrient consumption. Relevant studies published between January 1st 2000 and May 31st 2013 were identified through PubMed, ISI Web of Science, and Cochrane Trials, and bibliographies of relevant studies. Results: Nine studies were included in this systematic review from the US or UK, with varied direct and indirect interventions to alter school lunch nutrition either through F&V or improved macronutrient content. Environmental changes to child attitudes towards F&V, such as verbal encouragement, classroom curriculums and audio-visual stimuli, were significantly effective in all 4 studies, whereas 2 studies with changes to F&V availability without involving students had mixed results. Direct reductions to fat content in school lunches produced significant results in 2 of 4 studies, with increased carbohydrate intake compensating for lower fat, resulting in non-significant total energy changes. One of 3 environmental interventions also had similar trends in macronutrient intake. Total energy change was only significant in 1 of 6 studies. Conclusion: Overall interventions for childhood obesity had moderate success, and most were unable to meet primary dietary goals set out by researchers. Ineffectiveness of interventions may be due to parental influences at home, early childhood dietary habits, disproportionately low SES in study samples, among other factors. Further research on targeting calorie intakes, parental involvement, snack food reduction, and related fields is recommended.
published_or_final_version
Community Medicine
Master
Master of Public Health

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43

Au, W. M., i 區慧敏. "Childhood obesity in Hong Kong: medical and psychological sequelae". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2003. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31971416.

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Rasmussen, Diane. "Nutrition, physical activity and health assessment of school age children in Menomonie, Wisconsin". Menomonie, WI : University of Wisconsin--Stout, 2007. http://www.uwstout.edu/lib/thesis/2007/2007rasmussend.pdf.

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Ludrosky, Jennifer M. "CHILDHOOD OBESITY: MULTIFACTORAL DETERMINANTS OF CHILD WEIGHT AND EATING BEHAVIORS". Connect to this document online, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=miami1121523156.

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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Miami University, Dept. of Psychology, 2005.
Title from second page of PDF document. Document formatted into pages; contains [2], v, 98 p. : ill. Includes bibliographical references (p. 57-64).

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Campbell, Karen Jane, i karen campbell@deakin edu au. "Family food environments as determinants of children's eating: Implications for obesity prevention". Deakin University. School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, 2004. http://tux.lib.deakin.edu.au./adt-VDU/public/adt-VDU20061207.120915.

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The prevalence of childhood obesity is escalating rapidly and it considered to be a major public health problem. Diet is a recognised precursor of fatness, and current evidence supports the premise that in Westernised countries, the dietary intakes of children are likely to be important in obesity genesis. However, we have a relatively poor understanding of the environments in which a childs eating is learnt and maintained. Much of the existing work in this area is based on small-scale or experimental studies, or has been derived from homogeneous populations within the USA. Despite these limitations, there is evidence that aspects of the childs family environment are likely to be important in determining obesity risk in children. This thesis examines the impact of the family food environment on a childs eating through two related studies. The first study, titled the Children and Family Eating (CAFÉ) study comprised three phases. Phase one involved qualitative interviews with 17 parents of 5-6 year-old children to explore parental perceptions regarding those factors in a childs environment believed to influence the development of their childs eating habits. These interviews were used to inform the development of quantitative measures of the family food environment. The second phase involved the development of a Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) to assess dietary intake in 5-6 year-olds. The FFQ was informed by analysis of 1995 Australian National Nutrition Survey data. In the final phase the relationships between dietary intakes of 5-6 year-old children, and potential predictors of dietary intake were examined in a cross-sectional study of 560 families. Predictors included measures of: parental perceptions of the adequacy of their childs diet; food availability and accessibility; child-feeding; the opportunities for parental modelling of food intake; a childs television exposure; maternal Body Mass Index; and maternal education. Analysis of the CAFÉ data provides unique information regarding the relationships between a childs family food environment and their food consumption. Models developed for a range of dietary outcomes considered to be predictive of increased risk for obesity, including total energy and fat intakes, vegetable variety, vegetable consumption, and high-energy (non-dairy) fluid consumption, explained between 11 and 20 percent of the variance in dietary intake. Two aspects of the family food environment, parental perception of a childs dietary adequacy, and the total minutes of television viewed per day, were frequently found to be predictive of dietary outcomes likely to promote fatness in these children. The second study, titled the Parent Education and Support (PEAS) Feeding Intervention Study, was a prospective pre/post non-randomised intervention trial that assessed the impact of a feeding intervention to 240 first-time mothers of one-year-old children. This intervention focused on one aspect of the family food environment, child-feeding, which has been proposed as influential in the development of obesogenic eating behaviours. In this study, Maternal and Child Health Nurses (MCHNs), using a Division of Responsibility model of feeding, taught parents to provide nutritious food at regular intervals and to let children decide if to eat and how much to eat. Thus parents were encourages to food their child without exerting pressure, or employing coercion or rewards (controlling behaviours). The aim was to influence parental attitudes and beliefs regarding child-feeding. Through the use of these feeding techniques, this intervention also aimed to increase the variety of fruits and vegetables a child consumed by teaching parents to persist with offering these foods, over the year of the intervention, in non-emotive environments. Fruits and vegetables were chosen in this intervention because they are likely to be protective in the development of obesity. Analysis of the PEAS data suggests that this low-level feeding intervention, delivered through existing Maternal and Child Health services, was modestly effective in changing parental attitudes and beliefs regarding the feeding of young children. Further, the validity of fruits offered to intervention group children increased. This thesis expands the existing knowledge base by providing a comprehensive analysis of the relative impact of aspects of the family environment on dietary intakes of 5-6 year-olds. Further, the analysis of a feeding intervention in first-time parents provides important insights regarding the potential to influence child-feeding and the impact this may have on the promotion of eating behaviours protective against obesity.

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Wu, Xiaoye, i 吴晓烨. "The association between sleep duration and childhood obesity in China : a systematic review". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/193808.

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Objective: Obesity has become one of the major global public epidemic problems while the knowledge of childhood obesity is a bit limited within Chinese study. This review examined the association between sleep duration and childhood overweight and obesity in China. Methods: This systematic review was conducted by searching online electronic resources of papers from PubMed and Chinese database CNKI published up to 2013. The keywords of “sleep” OR “risk factors” AND “obesity OR overweight” AND “child OR adolescent” AND “China OR Hong Kong OR Taiwan” were used for searching and identifying. The search filter to restrict the study design as the observational study written in English or Chinese in these databases was used. Results: Four case-control studies, and eight cross-sectional studies were included in the systematic review. Despite of different method in assessing sleep duration, all included studies suggested that sleep duration is consistently and negatively related with childhood obesity, mainly assessed using Body Mass Index (BMI) in China. Conclusion: Most included articles reported the association between short sleep duration and childhood obesity/overweight. However, given the cross-section nature of the data, the causal relation between sleep duration and obesity remains unclear. Whether sleep duration may be the factor to be considered in childhood obesity prevention strategies remains to be confirmed possibly by studies with longitudinal design or randomized control trials.
published_or_final_version
Medicine
Master
Master of Public Health

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Hendrie, Gilly, i gilly hendrie@csiro au. "Towards obesity resistance in children: Assessing the predictors of healthy behaviours within the family environment". Flinders University. School of Medicine, 2010. http://catalogue.flinders.edu.au./local/adt/public/adt-SFU20100520.100129.

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Understanding the determinants of behaviour in children is crucial to curb the current population obesity trends. Children's behaviour develops within the home, making it a target for obesity prevention efforts. Previous research has identified a network of parental factors that are thought to influence children's health-related behaviour including weight, health-related knowledge and behaviour, parenting styles and practices, to name but a few. This complexity makes it important to use theory or models to guide research and to determine the relative importance of factors within the home environment to improve the effectiveness of future obesity prevention interventions. Embedded in psychological theory and nutrition education principles is the concept that knowledge is required for behaviour change. This thesis provides much-needed support for the theoretical foundation that nutrition knowledge is a determinant of dietary intake behaviour. The measurement of knowledge and the collection and interpretation of intake data are often cited as limitations to research & issues this thesis aimed to address. Modifications were made to an existing measure of nutrition knowledge, and a validation exercise conducted within a heterogeneous Australian community setting provided a valid and reliable assessment tool to measure knowledge. Single nutrient or food group analysis omits the synergistic nature of whole diet. A key component of this thesis was the modification of the United States Department of Agriculture's Healthy Eating Index to be consistent with Australian dietary guidelines and its application to the interpretation of dietary intake. An exploratory study, using the validated knowledge tool and modified diet quality index, revealed that some of the basic nutrition guidelines, such as eat more vegetables and less fatty foods, are reaching the community, but detailed knowledge of the nutrient content of foods, diet-disease relationships and making healthier food choices is poor. Indeed, knowledge was shown to be a significant independent predictor of dietary intake and diet quality. Knowledge was shown to be a stronger predictor of overall diet quality than of any single nutrient or food group. The second aim of this thesis was to disentangle the relative importance of family environmental factors in the context of obesity resistance in children. A 12-month longitudinal study involved 154 South Australian families with primary school-aged children, and used structural equation modelling and previous research to present a model of obesity resistance. The proposed model showed an acceptable fit (NFI=0.458; CFI=0.741; RMSEA=0.045). Parents' BMI (β=0.34*) and knowledge (β=-0.21*) had the strongest direct associations with children's obesity risk. Parents' intake and expenditure behaviours were indirectly associated with children's behaviours through the creation of the home environment. The physical activity environment was associated with children's sedentary (β=-0.44*) and activity habits (β=0.29*). The food environment was associated with fruit and vegetable intake (β=0.47*). General parenting styles (β=0.63*) and child feeding practices (β=-0.74*) were associated with the family environment. Parents' knowledge also had a direct influence on their parenting practices & parenting style (β=0.25*) and feeding practices (β=-0.50*). The proposed model provided a comprehensive insight into the potential avenues for intervention within the complex network of factors that make up the family home environment.

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Smith, Kenneth Albert. "Experiences of obese adolescents : a retrospective qualitative study /". Full text (PDF) from UMI/Dissertation Abstracts International, 2000. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/fullcit?p9992915.

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Steinsbekk, Silje. "Children in treatment for obesity: Psychological perspectives, physical activity and diet". Doctoral thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Psykologisk institutt, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-15311.

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The current dissertation examines changes in body fat, physical activity and diet in children participating in outpatient family-based treatment of obesity at St Olav`s University Hospital, Norway between 2005 and 2010. Mental health and quality of life were also examined, as well as parental health cognitions as predictors of change in children’s total body fat during treatment. The study is a randomized controlled trial, and the efficiency of therapist-led and self-help groups of parents are compared.

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