Rozprawy doktorskie: „Obesity in adolescence”

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Neves, Joana Sofia Vilela de Sousa. "Obesity prevention: from conception to adolescence". Master's thesis, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10216/60976.

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Neves, Joana Sofia Vilela de Sousa. "Obesity prevention: from conception to adolescence". Dissertação, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10216/60976.

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Keast, Debra Rose. "Patterns of beverage consumption associated with adolescent obesity in the U.S". Diss., Connect to online resource - MSU authorized users, 2006.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Michigan State University. Dept. of Food Science and Human Nutrition, 2006.
Title from PDF t.p. (viewed on June 19, 2009) Includes bibliographical references (p. 260-289). Also issued in print.

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Zaal, Afra Ahmed bin. "Factors related to obesity in preparatory and high schools in Dubai : a study of the prevalence, determination, consequences and the perception of obesity in adolescents in Dubai, United Arab Emirates". Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2006. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=185769.

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The study was conducted in Dubai, one of the main Emirate states. It is a cross sectional descriptive study, conducted between January and April 2004. The sample size was 661(324 males and 337 females). These were all local national students from preparatory and secondary schools with ages ranging from 12 to 17 years. A multi-stage stratified, random sampling technique was used to obtain a representative sample of appropriate size for estimating the prevalence of obesity among adolescents. A short questionnaire was used to obtained information relating to factors which contributed to obesity. The results revealed that there was a high prevalence of obesity in males (22.2%) and females (20.2%). Boys and girls in early and middle adolescence (12-15years) were more obese than late adolescents (16-17 years). An increase in body mass index may lead to high blood pressure, high blood sugar level, high cholesterol and triglyceride level. The girls were shown to be more likely to follow a dietary programmes and watch television food advertisements. Television was shown to be the most effective way of transmitting health nutrition information inclusion in the school curriculum being the next most effective way. Boys participated in physical activity more than girls; reducing the likelihood of obesity. Boys were more likely to overestimate their current body shape than girls. It was concluded that since obesity cannot be prevented or managed at an individual level, governments, the food industry, international agencies, the media and community should all work together to modify the environment so that it is less conductive to weight gain.

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Sommers, Caitlin Helen. "Factors Influencing Youth Self-Perceptions of Overweight and Obesity". PDXScholar, 2013. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/1484.

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This study sought to examine whether participation in physical activity affects the ability to correctly classify body size, based on body mass index classifications. Secondarily, this study determined whether adolescents who incorrectly classified their body size overestimated or underestimated their size. Self-report data from the Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance Survey collected by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention were analyzed. Logistic regression was performed to examine relationships between self-perception of body size and physical activity, television viewing time, computer/video game use, physical education class time, and extracurricular sports activities. Significance was set to p<0.05. Physical activity was the only statistically significant independent variable (p=0.058, OR = 1.060). Although physical activity was shown to be statistically significant, it did not appear to meaningfully increase the ability of youth to correctly classify body size. Secondary analysis showed that adolescents who incorrectly classified their body size were more likely to underestimate their body size. Females more frequently underestimated their body size (females=673; males=384).

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Nelson, Maika E. "Examination of adolescent physical activity and overweight levels /". Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2004. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd373.pdf.

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Scholle, Lori A. "Association Between Vitamin D Intake and Obesity During Pre- and Early Adolescence". Digital Archive @ GSU, 2012. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/nutrition_theses/39.

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Background: Prevalence of obesity in US children has increased substantially. The influence of vitamin D intake on body mass index (BMI) is yet to be clearly defined. Results are mixed regarding the relationship of vitamin D deficiency with obesity in children. The objective of this study was to examine the association between vitamin D intake and BMI over a 6 month period in pre-to early adolescent children in Pittsburgh, PA. Methods: Secondary analysis was done on 256 healthy 6-14 year old (54% male) Caucasian and African American (70%) children from Pittsburgh, PA. Participants completed a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) and a Sun Exposure Questionnaire (SEQ) and provided anthropometric measures at 2 time points 6 months apart. Vitamin D intake was compared by BMI status (normal = <85th percentile, overweight = 85th to 95th percentile, obese = >95th percentile) as well as by change in BMI over 6 months. Statistical analysis included descriptive statistics, Kruskal-Wallis analysis of variance, Spearman’s correlation, Chi Square test, and regression analysis (vitamin D intake, gender, race, baseline BMI, total energy intake, sun exposure and sunscreen use). Results: Median reported vitamin D intake was 245.85 IU at baseline and 382.51 IU at 6 month follow up. After subdividing children by BMI, at baseline the obese group reported lowest median intake (188 IU) and at 6 month follow up the normal group reported lowest median intake (374 IU) (P=0.03). Overall relation between vitamin D intake and BMI was significant (P=0.033) but weak (r=-0.015). Regression analysis revealed only baseline BMI status (P=<0.001) as a predictor of 6 month follow up BMI. No relation was observed between change in BMI and vitamin D intake. Conclusion: The results of this study do not support a strong relationship between vitamin D intake and change in BMI status over a 6 month time period.

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Smith, Kenneth Albert. "Experiences of obese adolescents : a retrospective qualitative study /". Full text (PDF) from UMI/Dissertation Abstracts International, 2000. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/fullcit?p9992915.

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Bell, Lana Michelle. "The medical complications of childhood obesity". University of Western Australia. School of Population Health, 2008. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2008.0139.

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[Truncated abstract] Introduction: Childhood obesity is currently a serious worldwide public health issue associated with many medical and psychosocial complications. The increasing disease burden with the potential for the development of medical co-morbidities has implications for future health care provision. This thesis adds to the understanding of the medical complications of overweight and obesity in childhood. Design and Aims: Two different, but related, research studies are reported. The first study is a cross-sectional study, designed to quantify the medical complications of childhood obesity in primary school-aged children in Western Australia. This study aims to identify the medical complications of primary school children with overweight/obesity. The study also aims to compare the medical complications of obesity in a community sample who have never sought treatment with a clinical sample who are actively seeking treatment for overweight/obesity. Finally, this study also aims to examine the relationship between the medical complications of childhood obesity and a continuum of children's Body Mass Index z-scores, including those in the normal range. The second study is an exercise intervention study to investigate the effect of exercise on one specific medical complication of obesity, namely insulin resistance. This study aims to determine if a structured eight-week exercise program significantly changes insulin resistance in obese children, and to determine if this decrease in insulin resistance is associated with changes in body composition and inflammatory markers. ... Conclusion: The prevalence of the medical complications of overweight and obesity in primary school children indicates that all children should have body mass index regularly checked from a young age. Children who are overweight/obese should be screened for the presence of co-morbidities despite a young age. Parents and health professionals needs to be educated that childhood obesity is associated with medical co-morbidities and is not simply a social or cosmetic concern. The continuous nature of the BMI z-score/co-morbidities relationship suggests that public health and health education strategies should include adopting a populationbased approach to weight management. This continuous relationship means that even in the normal BMI spectrum, the risk of developing co-morbidities rises with increasing BMI. Such an approach would encourage maintenance of normal weight for all children, rather than targeting overweight/obese children only. Increased activity and decreased sedentary behaviours should be recommended for all children in line with the population-based public health approach suggested above. However, exercise has a specific role in weight management strategies for overweight/obese children, and in management strategies for adiposityrelated co-morbidities. Significant metabolic benefits of exercise occur in the absence of changes in body shape and weight. After an exercise program, simple blood investigations (such as lipid profiles, fasting insulin and OGTTs) are likely to miss important metabolic improvements and anthropometry (BMI calculation, waist circumference) may be more indicative of potential metabolic improvement and decreased co-morbidity risk.

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Duncan, Elizabeth Karndu. "Obesity and its determinants in girls from five ethnic groups a thesis submitted to the Auckland University of Technology in fulfilment of the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, July 2008 /". Click here to access this resource online, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10292/463.

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Yu, Wing-sze Margaret, i 余詠詩. "The association between sleep curtailment and obesity in adolescents, a local perspective". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2009. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B42998086.

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Yu, Wing-sze Margaret. "The association between sleep curtailment and obesity in adolescents, a local perspective". Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2009. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B42998086.

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Fisher, Kimberly N. "The effect of parent education on the home food environment for overweight adolescents in West Virginia". Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10450/10267.

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Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2009.
Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains vi, 53 p. : ill. (some col.). Vita. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 38-41).

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Pyle, Sara Anne Haddock C. Keith. "A meta-analysis of treatments for childhood and adolescent obesity". Diss., UMK access, 2006.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--School of Education. University of Missouri--Kansas City, 2006.
"A dissertation in counseling psychology." Advisor: C. Keith Haddock. Typescript. Vita. Title from "catalog record" of the print edition Description based on contents viewed Nov. 13, 2007. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 101-113). Online version of the print edition.

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Corliss, Carolyn Davis Witte James E. "An investigation of factors affecting the overweight status of Alabama high school adolescents". Auburn, Ala., 2005. http://repo.lib.auburn.edu/2005%20Summer/doctoral/CORLISS_CAROLYN_8.pdf.

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WOO, JESSICA GRAUS. "THE EPIDEMIOLOGY OF ADIPONECTIN DURING ADOLESCENCE: DEMOGRAPHIC, DEVELOPMENTAL, METABOLIC AND GENETIC ASSOCIATIONS". University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2004. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1100808827.

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Dove, Jacqueline Beckham Kreider Richard B. "Effects of a multicomponent school-based intervention on health markers, body composition, physical fitness, and psychological measures in overweight and obese adolescent females". Waco, Tex. : Baylor University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2104/5253.

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Boukhris, Tommy Tahar. "A public response to childhood obesity : evaluating the fresh fruit and vegetable program in Texas schools /". View online, 2007. http://ecommons.txstate.edu/arp/260/.

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Lee, Melissa Scharoun Gordon-Larsen Penny. "Race/ethnicity, socioeconomic status and obesity across the transition from adolescence to adulthood". Chapel Hill, N.C. : University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2008. http://dc.lib.unc.edu/u?/etd,2153.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2008.
Title from electronic title page (viewed Feb. 26, 2009). "... in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health." Discipline: Nutrition; Department/School: Public Health.

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Rangel, Trini Gene. "The Role of Religiosity in the Development of Obesity From Adolescence to Adulthood". ScholarWorks, 2016. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/2330.

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The development of obesity from adolescence to adulthood is not well understood, nor does the research support a multidimensional approach for this understanding. Studies have described primarily cross-sectional bivariate relationships between combinations of obesity, religiosity, depression, and social support, but it is still not known whether there is a relationship between adolescent religiosity, depression, and social support in the development of adult obesity or whether depression and social support mediate the religiosity-obesity relationship. The dynamic, multidimensional, functional model of wellness presented by Hawks was the basis for the spiritual, social, emotional, and physical interactions proposed in this study. The research questions sought to identify the relationship that exists between adolescent religiosity, depression, and social support and adult obesity and considered depression and social support as potential mediators of the religiosity-obesity relationship. This quantitative study employed multiple linear regression while using the prospective nature of the Add Health data set to gain a longitudinal understanding of the religiosity-obesity relationship. Adolescent male religiosity significantly predicted adult obesity, but female religiosity did not. Neither depression nor social support mediated the religiosity-obesity relationship. Social change implications include a rationale for developing sex-based multidimensional approaches, including spiritual approaches, for supporting adolescents in their transition to adulthood. Support for acknowledging the differences between sexes for multiple health interactions is provided and indicated for healthcare providers. Finally, health educators are presented with much-needed support for the concept of the multidimensionality of wellness.

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Searcy, Cynthia S. "Are eating and exercise behaviors at school contributing to adolescent obesity in the United States?" Related electronic resource: Current Research at SU : database of SU dissertations, recent titles available full text, 2007. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/syr/main.

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Fieldhouse, John Arthur. "Adolescent obesity: A study of the effects of parent attitudes on physical activity". CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2006. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/3001.

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Examines the relationship between parent attitudes toward physical activity and physical activity in adolescents. One hundred forty-two students at Beaumont High School (Riverside County, California) completed a survey measuring their physical activity level, exercise self-efficacy, and their attitudes toward exercise. One hundred seven parents completed surveys measuring only their attitudes toward exercise. Results indicate that there is not a significant relationship between parental attitudes toward exercise and adolescent physical activity. Results also indicate that parent attitude toward physical activity is positively correlated with exercise self-efficacy in adolescents. In addition, the results indicate that gender is not a significant mediator in the effect of parental attitudes toward physical activity on exercise in adolescents.

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Brennan, Leah, i leah brennan@rmit edu au. "Cognitive behavioural evaluation and treatment of adolescent overweight and obesity". RMIT University. Health Sciences, 2006. http://adt.lib.rmit.edu.au/adt/public/adt-VIT20080130.141227.

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Despite increasing prevalence, significant negative biopsychosocial consequences, and few treatment options, overweight and obesity in adolescence has received very little attention in the scientific literature. The major objective of this research program was to evaluate the efficacy of a cognitive behavioural (CBT) program in the treatment of adolescent overweight and obesity. Sixty three overweight or obese adolescents (28M, 35F) aged 11.5 to 18.9 years (M = 14.41, SD = 1.85) participated in a randomized controlled trial evaluating the efficacy of a CBT weight loss intervention. This comprehensive intervention program incorporated a range of CBT techniques aimed at assisting adolescents to establish and maintain healthy eating and physical activity habits. Treatment resulted in improved body composition post treatment and sustained or improved body composition following maintenance. Participation in a motivational interview (MI) prior to this CBT intervention did not influence treatment outcomes. Despite reductions in weight and body fat, lean body mass was not affected by the intervention, thus, treatment did not detrimentally effect linear growth and lean body tissue. Poor compliance with measurement protocols limits conclusions that can be drawn regarding the impact of treatment on eating and activity habits. However, results suggest that treatment resulted in a reduction in fat consumption, reduced saturated fat intake, and reduced time spent in sedentary activities. Increases in physical activity were not evident. The treatment seeking sample did not report elevated psychopathology levels and treatment did not impact on adolescent depression, anxiety, or stress. Adolescents receiving treatment reported improvements in disordered eating relative to those in the control condition. A secondary aim of this research program was to redress the limited information available on the behavioural and psychosocial factors associated with adolescent overweight and obesit y. These factors were explored in community samples of adolescents (n = 161, M = 16.3, SD = I .8) and their parents, and young adults (n = 292, M = 19.7, SD = 2.0). In comparison to both normal and overweight adolescents, treatment seeking adolescents reported greater body dissatisfaction and weight. discontent. Body weight was not associated with psychopathology in the community samples and treatment seeking adolescents did not differ from normal or overweight adolescents from the community sample in terms of psychopathology. However, young adults who reported being overweight during childhood reported greater psychopathology as young adults. These findings suggest that excess weight in adolescence may have longer term rather than immediate effects on psychopathology. A number of family factors were associated with body weight in both adolescents and young adults. Combined, results indicated that CBT is efficacious in the treatment of overweight and obesity in adolescents and MI does not improve the efficac y of CBT. The current findings suggest that the impact of excess weight on psychosocial functioning is limited to body discontent and dissatisfaction in adolescence but is associated with increased psychopathology in early adulthood. Results also highlighted the importance of parents and family in the treatment of overweight and obesity in adolescents.

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McCord, Olivia Love. "Body Mass Index and Soft Drink Consumption Among Adolescents". Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2004. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd475.pdf.

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Fang, Xingzhi, i 方行陟. "A systematic review of the impact of sugar-sweetened beverage consumption on children and adolescent obesity". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/206908.

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Background The consumption of sugar-sweetened beverage (SSBs) among children and adolescents, particularly carbonated soft drinks, are always blamed to be the contributor to the epidemic of overweight and obesity. With the number of obese population increased, people become increasingly more focus on the relationship between SSB and the weight gain problems. However, because there are some characteristics of these beverages that people can get energy and happiness, so that people enjoy drinking sugar-sweetened beverage especially children who like sugar and sweet. So, people are still wondering the association between SSB and obesity. Methods A literature search was performed using Google scholar and Pubmed to locate all relevant articles in English that study the impacts of SSB on the weight gain and obesity on children and adolescent up to December 2013. Findings Eleven core references were found to study the association between SSB and the weight gain among children and adolescent including 4 randomized trial studies, 6 cross-sectional studies and 1 case-control study. Conclusions The data collected from large cross-sectional studies, especially the long-term studies shows that there is a positive association between the intake of SSB and the weight gain and obesity in children and adolescent. A case control study based on hospital shows that the children who with less soft-drink consumptions have lower prevalence of obesity and overweight. In addition, the randomized control trials indicate that the greater consumption of SSB, the easier to gain weights among children and adolescents. Although more evidence are needed, the sufficient evidence exists now are not encouraging the public to intake too many sugar-sweetened beverage as a healthy behavior.
published_or_final_version
Public Health
Master
Master of Public Health

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Khanna, Rahul. "Predicting physicians' intention to measure body mass index and assessing their identification and evaluation practices in overweight children and adolescents". Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2007. https://eidr.wvu.edu/etd/documentdata.eTD?documentid=5209.

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Thesis (M.S.)-West Virginia University, 2007.
Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains ix, 155 p. : ill. Vita. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 127-144).

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Wedwick, Linda Crumpler Thomas P. "The socialization of a reader the literary treatment of fatness in adolescent fiction /". Normal, Ill. : Illinois State University, 2005. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?index=0&did=1225101201&SrchMode=1&sid=1&Fmt=2&VInst=PROD&VType=PQD&RQT=309&VName=PQD&TS=1176734714&clientId=43838.

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Thesis (Ed. D.)--Illinois State University, 2005.
Title from title page screen, viewed on April 16, 2007. Dissertation Committee: Thomas P. Crumpler (chair), R. Kay Moss, Gary Weilbacher, Amelia Adkins, Sally Parry. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 151-168) and abstract. Also available in print.

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Kalogiros, Ioanna D. "How do family functioning and age of onset of weight problems relate to overweight adolescents' internalizing symptoms?" Diss., Connect to online resource - MSU authorized users, 2006.

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Nicholson, Lisa Marie. "Racial and ethnic disparities an examination of social control and contagion mechanisms linking neighborhood disadvantage and young adult obesity /". Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1189631745.

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Turner, Nicholas. "Modifiable risk factors for depression in adolescence : understanding the causal role of obesity and physical activity". Thesis, University of Bristol, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1983/c57cda62-9848-43e8-a71c-8e3308b002ae.

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Background: Adolescent depression is a significant burden to individuals, families and healthcare systems. Understanding modifiable risk factors, such as obesity and physical activity (PA), is key to informing preventative strategies. The aim of this project was to examine the causal relationships between obesity, PA and depression in adolescents. Methods: Longitudinal data on obesity, PA and depression in adolescents came from 3 large international cohorts (ALSPAC N=7457, TRAILS N=2230 and NDIT=1294). Linear regression and generalised estimating equations (longitudinal) were used to model effects of obesity on future depression. Cross-lagged structural equation modelling was used to investigate a bi-directional relationship between obesity and depression. Mendelian Randomization analysis was used to address residual confounding. The same analytical approaches were used to examine the association between PA and depression. Partial least squares regression was used to identify aspect(s) of PA important in adolescent depression. SEM was used to investigate the role of biological and psychosocial factors as mediators of the obesity-depression relationship. Results: There was (inconsistent) evidence of a positive relationship between obesity and depression in females; a 1 SD increase in obesity was associated with a 0.035 SD (95% CI 0.003, 0.067) increase in depression at the next time point. There was evidence (in one cohort) that this relationship may be mediated by body image. There was no consistent evidence of any association between PA and subsequent depression (e.g. a 1 SD increase in PA was associated with a -0.006 SD (SE 0.016) decrease in depression at the next time point). Conclusion: Reducing obesity may improve the mental health of adolescent females, alongside having physical health benefits. There is little evidence that increased levels of PA are beneficial for depression. Embedding data collection within existing cohorts approaching adolescence will further research in this area and potentially improve outcomes for future generations.

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Yeh, Yating. "Applicability of the transtheoretical model in weight management in an adolescent population in Taiwan /". View online ; access limited to URI, 2005. http://0-wwwlib.umi.com.helin.uri.edu/dissertations/dlnow/3206260.

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Kuck, Jennifer M. "Differences in dietary patterns by breakfast consumption and weight status in US Adolescence". Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1211406587.

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STEINEGGER, CATHLEEN M. "EMOTIONAL EATING IN ADOLESCENT FEMALES". University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1116009370.

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Stucke, Sheri Ann. "Adolescent overweight location of residence, demographics, dietary behaviors and physical activity /". Diss., Online access via UMI:, 2005.

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Morrison, Zachary J., i University of Lethbridge Faculty of Health Sciences. "Through their voices : experiences of overweight and obese adolescent boys / Zachary J. Morrison". Thesis, Lethbridge, Alta. : University of Lethbridge, Faculty of Health Sciences, c2010, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10133/2592.

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The purpose of this study was to explore the lives of overweight/obese adolescent boys. A qualitative case study focused on depth of understanding. Four boys volunteered to participate in the study. Findings further our understanding of the adolescent boys’ lifescapes; viable and non-viable recruitment strategies among this population; ethical obligations of ending research after establishing trust and rapport; and “Avoidance” as an Idiom of Distress among this sample of boys. Suggestions for future research are addressed in the study.
vi, 102 leaves ; 29 cm

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Conwell, Louise Sonia. "Insulin resistance and cardiovascular risk factors in obese children and adolescents /". [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2005. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe19066.pdf.

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Saidi, Oussama. "Sommeil de l'adolescent : effet de l'activité physique et de l'alimentation chez l'adolescent sportif ou en condition d'obésité". Thesis, Université Clermont Auvergne‎ (2017-2020), 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020CLFAC059.

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L'activité physique et l’alimentation participent à la régulation de l'horloge biologique et du sommeil. Récemment, ce sujet a suscité l’intérêt de plusieurs recherches. Cependant, les études restent presque exclusivement limitées aux adultes. L'adolescence est une période charnière de la vie pendant laquelle plusieurs troubles du sommeil émergent. L'obésité et le sport d'élite sont deux facteurs qui ont été associés séparément aux perturbations du sommeil et qui ont un impact négatif sur le développement holistique, avec une baisse des performances et une altération de l'état de santé des adolescents, tant physique (récupération, métabolisme, croissance, contrôle du poids) que cognitif (apprentissage, mémoire, prise de décision, vigilance). Par conséquent, le but de ce travail était d'explorer l'effet de l'activité physique et de la nutrition sur le sommeil parmi ces deux populations distinctes d'adolescents. L'altération des habitudes de sommeil chez les jeunes athlètes semble être davantage liée aux contraintes sportives telles que la compétition et les voyages. Cependant, l'exercice physique aigu améliore la qualité de la durée du sommeil dans les deux populations (athlète et obèse). De plus, l'alimentation semble être une alternative prometteuse pour améliorer la qualité du sommeil. Seuls trois jours d'alimentation contrôlée, fixés à l'apport alimentaire recommandé, ont permis de réduire le temps d’endormissement chez les adolescents obèses par rapport à la condition ad libitum. Enfin, des études contrôlées randomisées sont nécessaires pour étayer l'effet de certains nutriments sur le sommeil. L'étude PROTMORPHEUS permettra de mieux comprendre l'effet du rapport Trp/AAN des protéines sur le sommeil
Physical activity and ingested nutrients take part in the regulation of the internal clock andsleep physiology. Recently, there has been a surge of interest in this topic. However, studiesremain almost exclusively limited to adults. Adolescence is marked by critical transitionsthat may trigger several behavioral disturbances particularly with regard to sleep. A problemcompounded by an array of endogenous and exogenous factors forming the so called“Perfect Storm” of both altered sleep duration and quality. Obesity and elite sport are twofactors that have been separately associated with sleep disturbances, and have a negativeimpact on holistic development, with lowered performance and altered health status ofadolescents, both physical (recovery, metabolism, growth, weight control) and cognitive(learning, memory, decision-making, vigilance). Therefore, the purpose of this work was toexplore the effect of physical activity and nutrition on sleep among these two distinctadolescent populations. Altered sleep pattern in young athletes seems to be more related tosport constraints such as competition and travel. However, acute exercise improves sleepduration in quality in both populations (athlete and with obesity). Moreover, dietary intakeseems to be a promising alternative to improve sleep quality. Only three days undercontrolled feeding fixed at the recommended dietary allowance resulted in reduced sleeponset latency in adolescents with obesity compared to ad-libitum condition. Finally,randomized controlled studies are needed to support the effect of certain nutrients on sleep.PROTMORPHEUS study will bring a fuller understanding of the effect of proteintryptophan/large neutral amino acids ratio on sleep

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Foucart, Jennifer. "Contribution à l'étude des déterminants psychologiques et psychopathologiques de l'obésité sévère chez l'adolescent et plus particulièrement des troubles de l'image du corps chez l'adolescent". Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210283.

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L’obésité pédiatrique est un phénomène en expansion croissante, amenant les professionnels de la santé à en parler en termes de phénomène pandémique. Mais au-delà de cette expansion croissante, c’est également l’augmentation de la sévérité de l’obésité chez l'enfant et l'adolescent qui apparaît inquiétante.

Or, la présence des déterminants sociaux,énergétiques, génétiques ne suffisent pas toujours pour expliquer son développement et principalement quand il s’agit d’obésité sévère. Dans le cadre de l'obésité sévère, il y a lieu de dépasser les théories centrées sur la compréhension de l’agir alimentaire pour envisager les théories qui considèrent l’implication de l’ensemble du corps dans le développement de l’obésité et ce principalement lorsqu’on s’intéresse à l’adolescent.

Les objectifs de cette étude visent, face à ces éléments, à établir, dans un premier temps, un profil démographique, médical, familial, psychologique et psychopathologique d’une population d’adolescents souffrant d'obésité sévère. Ces informations ont été recueillies à l’aide de questionnaires structurés et par observation de 164 adolescents satisfaisant aux critères de l’obésité sévère. Un diagnostic pédopsychatrique selon la CFTMEA R 2000 a été posé pour chaque sujet. Nos résultats ont souligné le déterminisme multiple de l’obésité de nos sujets mais également l’importance des comorbidités bio-psycho-sociales.

Dans un second temps, à l’aide d’une analyse factorielle, nous avons mis en évidence qu’une plus grande sévérité de l’obésité s’associait à des facteurs d’environnement défavorisant(troubles mentaux dans la famille, carences, maltraitance) et à la présence d'un profil psychopathologique. De plus, ces mêmes modalités étaient associées avec une compliance familiale et individuelle moins importante.

Dans une dernière partie, nous nous sommes centrés sur les liens qui unissaient ces différents éléments. Pour ce faire, nous avons aux travers d’analyse de cas et à l'aide d'un Rorschach, du Questionnaire de l'Image du Corps de Bruschon-Schweitzer, et d'un dessin de soi, évalué la présence de troubles de l’image du corps chez 10 de nos sujets et leur évolution durant la prise en charge en lien avec la perte de poids. Nos résultats ont mis en évidence la présence de troubles de l’image du corps avec une image de soi incertaine, indifférenciée aux limites diffuses.

L’obésité s’inscrirait en tant que garant concret face à une image du corps peu unifiée. Ceci nous permet de considérer que l’obésité s’installe au travers à la fois d’un corps peu investi, peu mobilisable imposant la nécessaire édification de barrière (l’obésité) entre le « dedans fragilisé » et le dehors vécu comme dangereux. Nous pouvons dès lors considérer la difficulté des sujets de se résoudre à une perte de poids qui ne permettrait plus au sujet de recourir à ce type de fonctionnement.

De ce fait, nous avons conclu qu'il s'agit dans la prise en charge de ces sujets de reconsidérer l’image du corps comme outil thérapeutique vecteur d’amélioration à court et à long terme.
Doctorat en Sciences Psychologiques et de l'éducation
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

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Jonsson, Linda, i Maria Seppälä. "Faktorer som inverkar i förebyggandet av övervikt och fetma hos barn - En beskrivande litteraturstudie". Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Avdelningen för hälso- och vårdvetenskap, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-18631.

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Övervikt och fetma hos barn är ett växande problem i många delar av världen och innebär ett stort hot mot folkhälsan. Syftet med studien är att beskriva faktorer som inverkar i förebyggandet av övervikt och fetma hos barn. En litteratursökning utfördes i databasen Cinahl. Dessa sökningar gav elva artiklar vilket resultatet har baserats på. Studien har en deskriptiv design. De faktorer som har en förebyggande inverkan rörande övervikt och fetma hos barn var empowerment, sociala aspekter, föräldrarnas roll, kosten, träning och skärmtid. Att ge barnen bekräftelse och den kunskap som behövdes för att kunna vara medbestämmande i sin vård var av stor betydelse. Att ha stöd från vänner var sammankopplat till ökad självkänsla hos barnen. Föräldrarnas vikt, engagemang och handlingar visade sig vara starkt förknippade med barnens viktminskningsresultat. Kostens lukt, smak och tillgänglighet var avgörande för vad barnen valde att äta. Medvetenheten för betydelsen av fysisk aktivitet fanns hos barnen men prioriterades bort då goda resultat i skolan ansågs mer betydelsefullt. Skärmtid visade sig vara en riskfaktor för övervikt. Faktorer som inverkar i förebyggandet av övervikt och fetma hos barn mellan 10-18 år är empowerment, sociala faktorer, föräldrarnas roll, kost, skärmtid och fysisk aktivitet. Att barnen är delaktiga i sin egen hälsa samt att engagera familjen är viktiga faktorer.
Childhood obesity is an increasing problem in many parts of the world and implicates a big threat against the public health. The aim for this literature search was to describe factors that have an effect in the prevention of overweight and obesity in childhood. A literature search was made through the database Cinahl. The study has a descriptive design and the result is based on eleven articles. The factors that have an effect in the prevention of overweight and obesity in childhood were empowerment, social aspects, the parent´s role, diet, excercise and screentime. It was meaningful to give the child affirmation and the knowledge to be participative in its own care. Supportive friends were of importance for the children’s self-esteem. The parent’s weight, engagement and actions were strongly associated with the children’s weight loss results. The taste, smell and availability of the diet were crucial for what the children chose to eat. The children were aware of the importance of exercise but did not give priority to it because they thought it was of more importance to have good results in school. Screen-time was associated with overweight. The factors that have an effect in the prevention of overweight and obesity in childhood between 10-18 years are empowerment, social aspects, the parent´s role, diet, exercise and screentime. The fact that children are involved in their own health and to involve the family is important.

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Hill-Jones, Mary L. "An examination of the prevalence of obesity and student performance in a low socioeconomic school district". Diss., Mississippi State : Mississippi State University, 2008. http://library.msstate.edu/etd/show.asp?etd=etd-06252008-162902.

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Allard, Stephanie Michele. "The effect of using animal models on children's knowledge, attitude, and practice of health behaviors". Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/41101.

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Obesity has been described as a global health crisis due to the rapid increases seen worldwide (Whitlock et al., 2005; Harris et al., 2009; Yetter, 2009). The consequences of obesity are far-reaching and include the physiological and psychological implications for obese individuals, as well as the financial impact it has on both the individual and national health care. Children, especially those of minority ethnic background and lower socioeconomic status, are at increased risk for developing obesity (Yetter, 2009; Veldhuis et al., 2009). Intervention programs targeting underlying causes of childhood obesity have been developed, but little consistent success has been achieved (Summerbell et al., 2005; Sherry, 2005). One factor that could be influencing the lack of success is the stigmatization that can be felt by children taking part in intervention programs. Furthermore, many programs have targeted behavior change without determining underlying attitudes about behaviors. It is critical that effective obesity intervention programs be developed for children at high risk of developing obesity. This study used indirect messaging to address health issues related to overweight and obesity in children. An education program about animal health was presented to two groups of eight and nine year old children. The program included a combination of classroom instruction and practical application both in the classroom and at the Palm Beach Zoo with real animals. The children's attitude, knowledge, and practice of healthy behavior was measured before and after exposure to the program to evaluate its effect. It was hypothesized that learning about what being healthy entails for animals will have positive implications for the children's own health. It was found that children who participated in this study were already knowledgeable about healthy behaviors and also had overall positive attitudes towards health. However, they did not have high levels of health behavior practices. Participation in the program did not significantly improve the knowledge, attitudes, or practice of health behavior in the children. Zoos should consider designing program that specifically target increasing the practice of health behaviors in children.

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Thota, P., F. R. Perez-Lopez, Vicente A. Benítes-Zapata, V. Pasupuleti i Adrian V. Hernandez. "Obesity-related insulin resistance in adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies". Taylor and Francis Ltd, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/622281.

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El texto completo de este trabajo no está disponible en el Repositorio Académico UPC por restricciones de la casa editorial donde ha sido publicado.
Insulin resistance is common among obese adolescents; however, the extent of this problem is not clear. We conducted a systematic review of PubMed-Medline, CINAHL, The Web of Science, EMBASE and Scopus for observational studies evaluating components defining insulin resistance (insulin, C-peptide and homeostatic model assessment-insulin resistance [HOMA-IR]) in obese adolescents (12–18 years) versus non-obese adolescents. Our systematic review and meta-analysis followed the PRISMA guidelines. Data were combined using a random-effects model and summary statistics were calculated using the mean differences (MDs). 31 studies were included (n = 8655). In 26 studies, fasting insulin levels were higher in obese adolescents when compared to non-obese adolescents (MD = 64.11 pmol/L, 95%CI 49.48–78.75, p < 0.00001). In three studies, fasting C-peptide levels were higher in obese adolescents when compared to non-obese adolescents (MD = 0.29 nmol/L, 95%CI 0.22–0.36, p < 0.00001). In 24 studies, HOMA-IR values were higher in obese adolescents when compared to non-obese adolescents (MD = 2.22, 95%CI 1.78–2.67, p < 0.00001). Heterogeneity of effects among studies was moderate to high. Subgroup analyses showed similar results to the main analyses. Circulating insulin and C-peptide levels and HOMA-IR values were significantly higher in obese adolescents compared to those non-obese.
Revisión por pares

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Trainer, Sarah Simpson. "Local Interpretations of Global Trends: Body Concerns and Self-Projects Enacted by Young Emirati Women". Diss., The University of Arizona, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/293452.

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In this dissertation, I use the ethnographic case study of the United Arab Emirates to illustrate a much larger phenomenon that involves young women worldwide in the throes of identity negotiation at a time of accelerated global flows of information, foods, fashion, media images, fashions, health information, and health and self-enhancement products. My research utilizes ethnographic and anthropometric information as a means of investigating the ways in which these global flows are affecting the physical bodies, attitudes, behaviors, perceptions of self, and perceptions of community in a sample of young, female, Emiratis living in the UAE in the Arab Gulf in the twenty-first century. I employ biocultural methods and perspectives to examine bodies-as-products and bodies-as-projects in this cohort, focusing on health, beauty, and self-presentation projects. I also focus on the uncertainty and accompanying psychosocial stress that these women are subject to as a result of juggling globalized, "modern" opportunities and lifestyles on the one hand with local expectations and regulations on the other. Key to these analyses is the acknowledgment of the synergy between biology and culture, and the effects of both local and global factors on this synergy.

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Williams, Kelli J. "Cultural perceptions of a healthy diet and healthy weight among rural Appalachian youth". Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1155042766.

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Aljaloud, Khalid. "Habitual physical activity assessment using objective measuring devices : observations in lean and obese adults and children". Thesis, University of Stirling, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/2541.

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Physical inactivity is one of the major public health problems in many parts of the World. In Scotland it is reported that two thirds of Scottish adults (>16yrs) and one third of Scottish children (<16yrs) do not do sufficient physical activity to gain the health benefits of physical activity. Furthermore, there is still much debate about the nature and volume of physical activity required to provide health benefits. Therefore, more investigations are required to help improve our understanding of the links between physical activity, obesity and health. In addition, the assessment of habitual physical activity needs to be accurately quantified using appropriate methods that are valid and reliable. The main aims of this thesis were thus to assess the validity and reliability of three new generations of movement sensing devices (Actigraph, ActivPAL and SenseWear PRO2) in adults and adolescents in a controlled laboratory environment and to then use the most valid and reliable device in assessing the habitual physical activity of adults (lean and overweigh/obese) and adolescents in a free-living situation. Following objectively assessing the habitual physical activity, investigation of the associations between physical activity status and cardiovascular and metabolic disease risk markers in adults and adolescents were the last main aims of this thesis. In the first study, the results indicated that the new generations of the three devices were reliable in assessing EE during walking on the flat and on a 5% incline in lean and overweight/obese adults and lean adolescents. However, none iii of these devices and the methods or programme versions that were selected and applied was able to accurately estimate EE during walking on a treadmill. However, based on the sensitivity data obtained and previous evidence, the Actigraph was considered the most appropriate device for assessing the habitual physical activity due to its ability to discriminate between physical activity intensities. The second and third studies concluded that adults (including lean and overweight/obese) met the recommended physical activity guidelines for health and wellbeing purposes. However, the data suggest that overweight/obese participants may need to be advised to spend more time in MVPA and probably more vigorous activity to not only reduce body fat but also to increase cardiorespiratory fitness and reduce their chances of future cardiovascular and metabolic disease. The fourth and fifth studies, demonstrated that the Scottish adolescents –in the cross sectional study- were below the recommended physical activity guidelines. When the method of physical activity assessment was adjusted the Scottish adolescents were similar to the adolescents in other European countries and were observed to be more active than adolescents in some of the developed countries such as American adolescents (Texas State). In the case of lean adolescents who have a low physical activity- but who are not sedentary- the cardiovascular and metabolic disease risk markers may not be obvious at this stage, but the differences in glucose and HOMA-IR suggest that there may be early signs of progression towards metabolic disease in this group. iv The importance of the associations between vigorous physical activity and body fat, as well as between body fat and the risk markers of metabolic disease, suggests that future intervention studies should focus on monitoring the outcome from vigorous physical activity interventions vs. moderate activity within current guidelines.

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Naylor, Louise Haleh. "Cardiac and vascular adaptations to exercise training in elite athletes and obese adolescents". University of Western Australia. School of Human Movement and Exercise Science, 2006. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2006.0059.

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[Truncated abstract] This thesis concerns itself primarily with the impact of exercise training on cardiac and vascular adaptations in humans. It contains longitudinal studies of individuals at either end of the physical activity spectrum; young elite athletes and obese children and adolescents. The study of these diverse groups was intentional, as a particular interest was to investigate the possible inter-relationships between morphological adaptations in the heart, evident in both obese and athletic populations, and the possible consequences of such adaptations for cardiac function. Whilst there exists a long tradition of echocardiographic assessment of cardiac dimensions and mass in both athletic and clinical populations, investigation of the impact of each of these “conditions” on cardiac diastolic function is novel, and has been facilitated by recent advances in the technical approach to diastolic function assessment in humans. Studies presented in the following chapters utilise advanced echocardiography imaging combined with pulse wave and tissue Doppler approaches to investigate the effects of exercise training regimen on wall thickness and ventricular mass, as well as diastolic function indices. State-of-the-art vascular imaging approaches have also been used in these populations to determine whether changes in vascular wall thickness, diameter or function occur with training in the elite athletes or obese youth.

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Zillmann, Nadine. "Relationships between physical activity, self-perceptions and physical status in adolescents and adults". University of Western Australia. School of Sport Science, Exercise and Health, 2009. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2009.0059.

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[Truncated abstract] Regular engagement in physical activity is proven to decrease the risk of numerous chronic diseases and to improve mental well-being. However, many children and adults around the world fail to engage in sufficient levels of activity required to produce health benefits, with reports showing physical activity levels still on the decline. Perhaps because of this increase in sedentary lifestyles, obesity has become one of the biggest public health threats in the 21st century. Furthermore, both obesity and physical inactivity are closely related to psychological health, and may play an important role in shaping self-perceptions and feeling of general well-being. '...' In the first study, physical status, physical activity levels, and social physique anxiety measures were obtained from an adolescent sample of 259 participants. Partial correlation analyses revealed that physical activity involvement was not directly linked with physical status; however, both factors were significantly associated with social physique anxiety, which suggested evidence of an indirect link between the two constructs. That is, analyses showed that poor physical status was associated with higher levels of physique anxiety, which in turn linked to low engagement in physical activity. In addition, age and gender effects emerged, revealing unique differences in the ways in which these three variables may be related. To cross-validate and further examine these relationships STUDY 2 extended the range of self-perception measures to include a multidimensional assessment of physical self-concept and a global self-esteem measure along with physique anxiety. These variables were assessed in a German adult sample (N = 229), again alongside measures of physical status and physical activity involvement. Consistent with STUDY 1, no direct link was found between physical status and levels of physical activity involvement. However, evidence of an indirect link did emerge as both variables were related to multiple dimensions of physical self-concept, thereby reinforcing and extending the findings from STUDY 1. Furthermore, age effects emerged for physical self-concept, which had not been confirmed in previous research on physical self-concept. STUDY 3 employed a longitudinal design and investigated changes in physical self-concept, global self-esteem and social physique anxiety before, during, and after participation in a 12-week weight management programme. Participants (N = 63) were assigned to one of three conditions: (1) cognitive-behavioural treatment only, (2) cognitive-behavioural treatment and exercise, and (3) non-treatment control. Statistical analyses revealed a small, but significant reduction in weight for members of both treatment groups. Relative to controls, both treatment groups also improved on a variety of physical self-concept dimensions. At the same time, however, significant group main effects suggested that a weight-loss program incorporating exercise involvement may provide physical self-concept benefits that go beyond those obtained with standard CBT regimes. Collectively, these studies add to the growing body of literature on the connections between physical activity, self-perceptions and physical status. They also highlight the importance of involvement in habitual physical activity throughout the lifespan. Findings are discussed with regards to their contribution to the extant literature, and applied implications, limitations, and future directions are considered.

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MacKay, Jennifer Christine. "Long-term Behavioral and Neuroendocrine Consequences of Early Adversity (Juvenile Stressor Exposure), and the Buffering Effects of ‘Comfort’ Food". Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/34491.

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The adolescent period has been proposed to be exquisitely sensitive to the impacts of stress and juvenile stressor exposure is associated with anxiety- and depressive- like characteristics in adulthood. Among adult rats, access to a palatable diet has shown to mitigate the effects of stressors, a form of ‘self-medication.’ The present collection of studies sought to further characterize the long-term consequences of stressor exposure early in the juvenile period, as well as the use of palatable food as a coping strategy. The first study (Chapter 2) highlighted the importance of methodological rigor in the design of experiments employing social stressors. The second study (Chapter 3) provided further evidence that exposure to juvenile social defeat can have long-lasting consequences into adulthood, and access to a palatable diet may impart some resilience to initial stressor exposure. The third study (Chapter 4) demonstrated that access to a palatable diet can mitigate the long-term behavioral consequences of a 3-day sub chronic non-social stressor applied during juvenility in pair housed rats. The fourth study (Chapter 5) sought to replicate these findings in individually housed (purportedly more stressed) animals. Interestingly, access to a palatable diet was sufficient to protect against the neuroendocrine consequences of juvenile stress but did not mitigate the behavioral consequences, raising the question of an effectiveness “threshold” of self-medication via a palatable diet. The final study (Chapter 6) provided some preliminary evidence that exposure to juvenile stress amid access to a palatable diet has long-lasting changes on dopamine receptor expression in the nucleus accumbens, although the functional significance needs further characterization. Collectively, all studies provided further evidence that self-medication with a palatable diet comes at the price of poor metabolic outcomes. The results of this body of work provide further evidence that exposure to stress during juvenility can have protracted effects into adulthood, at the cost of poor metabolic outcomes. It also raises the suggestion of an effectiveness threshold of palatable food to cope with stress. Further understanding of the interplay between stress and diet may serve to inform the development of prevention based programs to mitigate the rising tide of concurrent childhood obesity and levels of perceived stress.

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Yako, Yandiswa Yolanda. "Molecular investigation of genetic and environmental factors contributing to obesity in adolescent learners residing in the semi-urban/rural areas of the Western Cape Province, South Africa". Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/71644.

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Thesis (PhD)--Stellenbosch University, 2012.
Includes bibliography
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Background/Aims: Obesity has increased rapidly in South African children and adolescents with significant variability observed among racial groups. Genes that regulate appetite have been studied in different populations worldwide, but their role in obesity among South African adolescents is unknown. The present study aimed at investigating the role of these genes, and their combined effect with physical activity in the development of obesity among South African adolescents. Methods: A total of 1564 South African school learners of Caucasian (n= 146), Mixed Ancestry (n= 872) and Black African (n= 537) ethnic groups were recruited for a research project that aimed to elucidate diabetes and the metabolic syndrome in children and adolescents attending schools in periurban areas of the Western Cape. The present case-control study included 227 obese-overweight (115 Black Africans and 112 Mixed Ancestry), and 204 normal weight (94 Black Africans and 110 Mixed Ancestry) adolescents learners. The learners were genotyped for nine polymorphisms (LEP: 19G>A, Lys36Arg, Val94Met; LEPR: Lys109Arg; Gln223Arg, Lys656Asn; CART: c.160-33G>A, c.499delA, and c.517A>G; GHRL: Leu72Met; and MC3R: Thr6Lys, Val81Ile) using allele-specific restriction enzyme analysis and automated sequencing. Genotype and haplotype associations with anthropometric variables such as body mass index (BMI), waist, hip, and mid-upper-arm circumferences (WC, HC, MUAC), and metabolic traits (fasting blood glucose, high density lipoproteincholesterol, total cholesterol), and blood pressure were further conducted. Furthermore, the type and frequency of physical activity was assessed by means of structured questionnaires; and its effect on obesity-related variables investigated in learners that were genotyped for the MC3R Thr6Lys and Val81Ile polymorphisms. Results: In a stepwise backward logistic regression analysis (containing age, gender, and LEP, LEPR, CART and GHRL polymorphisms), CART c.517A>G was independently significantly associated with obesity (OR= 5.98; 95%CI= 2.02, 21.27). CART c.517G carriers had higher MUAC (b coefficient= 1.88; 95%CI= 0.31, 3.44) while the LEPR 109Arg allele was significantly associated with decreased BMI (b coefficient = -2.36; 95%CI= -4.24, -0.47), WC (b coefficient = -5.66; 95%CI= -9.89, -1.44) and MUAC (b coefficient = -1.61; 95%CI= -3.00, -0.22); after adjusting for age, gender, and ethnicity. The haplotype containing the three LEP polymorphisms (A-A-A compared to the reference G-A-G haplotype) increased BMI (p= 0.0155), MUAC (p= 0.0146), and HC (p= 0.0128). The minor alleles of the MC3R polymorphisms decreased BMI, HC, WC, MUAC and TC; whilst only the Thr6Lys was associated with systolic and diastolic blood pressure (p= 0.0047 and 0.0027, respectively) in Mixed Ancestry learners. Doing house chores was associated with lower total cholesterol, independently and in the presence of the 81Ile allele (b coefficient = -0.355; 95%CI= 0.148, 0.561). Conclusion: To our knowledge, this is the first study that reports CART c.517A>G polymorphism as a risk factor for obesity in adolescents. Furthermore, the present study demonstrated that the MC3R polymorphisms had a positive effect on total cholesterol, which was further enhanced in physically active individuals. Similar to other studies, LEPR Lys109Arg and LEP polymorphisms were associated with variations in obesity-related variables among Black African and Mixed Ancestry South African learners.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Agtergrond/Doelwitte: Vetsug het drasties toegeneem in Suid-Afrikaanse kinders en adelossente met ‘n beduidende variasie opgemerk tussen verskillende rassegroepe. Gene verantwoordelik vir regulering van eetlus is reeds wêreldwyd in verskillende bevolkingsgroepe bestudeer, maar hul rol in oorgewig Suid-Afrikaanse adolessente is onbekend. Die huidige studie was daarop gerig om ondersoek in te stel na die rol van hierdie gene en hul gekombineerde effek met fisiese aktiwiteit in die ontwikkeling van vetsug onder Suid-Afrikaanse adolessente. Metodes: ‘n Totaal van 1564 Suid-Afrikaanse leerders van Kaukasiese Afkoms (n=146), Gemengde Afkoms (n=872) en Swart Afkoms (n= 537) was gewerf in die navorsingsprojek wat ten doel gehad het om kinders en adolosente met diabetes en die metaboliese sindroom te identifiseer wat skole bygewoon het in semi-voorstedelike gebiede van die Wes-Kaap. Die huidige gevalle studie het 227 vetsugtige-oorgewig (115 Swart Afkoms en 110 Gemengde Afkoms) en 204 normale gewig (94 Swart Afkoms en 110 Gemengde Afkoms) leerders ingesluit. Die leerders was gegenotipeer vir nege polimorfismes (LEP: 19G>A, Lys36Arg, Val94Met; LEPR: Lys109Arg; Gln223Arg, Lys656Asn; CART: c.160-33G>A, c.499delA, and c.517A>G; GHRL: Leu72Met; and MC3R: Thr6Lys, Val81Ile) met die gebruik van alleel-spesifieke restriksie ensiem analises en geoutomatiseerde DNA volgorde bepalings tegnieke. Genotipiese en haplotipiese assosiasies met antropometriese veranderlikes soos liggaamsmassa indeks (BMI), middel-, heup- en mid-boarm omtrek (WC, HC, MUAC), metaboliese tendense (vastende bloed glukose, hoë-digtheid lipoproteïen-cholesterol, totale cholesterol) en bloeddruk was ook uitgevoer. Die tipe en frekwensie fisiese aktiwiteit was geassesseer deur middel van gestruktureerde vraelyste; en die uitwerking daarvan op vetsugverwante veranderlikes ondersoek in leerders wat vir die MC3R Thr6Lys en Val81Ile polimorfismes gegenotipeer was. Resultate: Statistiese ontleding (‘‘stepwise backward logistic regression analysis”), wat ouderdom, geslag en polimorfismes (LEP, LEPR, CART GHRL) ingesluit het, het getoon dat CART c.517A>G betekenisvol onafhanklik geassosiasieer was met vetsug (OR= 5.98; 95% CI= 2.02, 21.27). CART c.517G draers het ‘n hoër MUAC waarde gehad (b koeffisient = 1.88; 95%CI= 0.31, 3.44), terwyl die LEPR 109Arg alleel betekenisvol geassosieer was met verlaagde BMI ((b koeffisient = -2.36; 95%CI= -4.24, -0.47), WC (b koeffisient = -5.66; 95%CI= -9.89, -1.44) en MUAC (b koeffisient = -1.61; 95%CI= -3.00, -0.22) na die aanpassing van ouderdom, geslag en etnisiteit. Die haplotipe met die drie LEP polimorfismes (A-A-A teenoor die G-A-G verwysingshaplotipe) het die BMI (p= 0.0155), MUAC (p= 0.0146) en HC (p= 0.0128) verhoog. Die mindere allele van die MC3R polimorfismes het die BMI, HC, WC, MUAC en TC verlaag; terwyl slegs die Thr6Lys polymorfisme met sistolies en diastolies bloeddruk (p= 0.0047 en p= 0.0027, onderskeidelik) geassosieer was in Gemengde Afkoms leerders. Die verrigting van algemene huistake was geassosieer met laer totale kolesterol vlakke, onafhanklik en in die teenwoordigheid van die 81lle alleel (b koeffisient= -0.355; 95%CI= 0.148, 0.561). Gevolgtrekking: Na ons wete is hierdie die eerste studie wat die CART c.517A>G polimorfisme as ‘n risikofaktor vir vetsug in adolessente aantoon. Die huidige studie toon ook dat die MC3R polimorfisme ‘n positiewe effek op totale kolesterol gehad het, wat ook verder versterk was in fisiese aktiewe individue. Soortgelyk aan ander studies, was die LEPR Lys109Arg en LEP polimorfismes geassosieer met variasies in vetsug-verwante veranderlikes onder Suid-Afrikaanse Swart en Gemengde Afkoms leerders.
This research was supported by a grant from the University Research Fund of the Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Harry Crossley, University of Stellenbosch, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical Research Council, and the National Health Laboratory Services, South Africa.

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Santos, Silvana Maria de Barros. "A obesidade e o sobrepeso de adolescentes mulheres na atualidade : um olhar psicanalítico". Universidade Católica de Pernambuco, 2013. http://www.unicap.br/tede//tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=988.

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Nos dias de hoje, a obesidade se caracteriza como uma doença de causas múltiplas, sendo uma enfermidade grave e com alta incidência em países desenvolvidos e em desenvolvimento. Dessa maneira, é possível considerar que a obesidade pode ser analisada por vários aspectos multifatoriais como os genéticos, sociais e afetivos. Nesse sentido, esta dissertação aborda alguns aspectos afetivos presentes na problemática da obesidade e sobrepeso em adolescentes mulheres, procurando verificar possíveis falhas na relação afetiva mãe e filha, nos estágios precoces do desenvolvimento da menina. Este estudo está fundamentado em concepções teóricas de Winnicott (1983; 2000; 2005; 2006), Levisky (1995), Barbosa Silva (2005), Bruno (2011) e Cardoso (2008). Foi utilizada como procedimento metodológico a abordagem qualitativa da História Oral de Vida que privilegia as narrativas do sujeito como compreensão de suas vivências afetivas. Desse modo, foram feitas entrevistas gravadas com as adolescentes obesas ou com sobrepeso de 13 a 18 anos que fazem parte da triagem ou estão em tratamento nutricional na Clínica-Escola de Nutrição da Faculdade de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde do Centro Universitário (Cesmac) em Maceió, Alagoas. Diante disso, as narrativas das adolescentes entrevistadas teceram sua história de vida, apresentando dados significativos como a relação com a mãe, o contexto familiar, o próprio ato de adolescer e o lidar com os conflitos existentes no dia a dia como aspectos importantes e como hipóteses possíveis de ocasionar o aparecimento da obesidade e do sobrepeso nessas adolescentes mulheres. Cada contexto estudado, revela singularidades da relação mãe e filha e se destaca como fundamental para o desenvolvimento e a construção do amadurecimento da menina na infância e, principalmente, na adolescência.
Nowadays, obesity is characterized as a disease of multiple causes, its a serious illness and with high incidence in developed and developing countries. This way, it is possible to consider that obesity can be analyzed by various multifactorial features as genetic, social, and affective. In this sense, this dissertation says some affective aspects in obesity and overweights problematic in adolescent women, seeking to verify possible failures in affective relation mother and daughter, in the early stages of development of the girl. This study, is based on theoretical conceptions of Winnicott (1983, 2000, 2005, 2006), Levinsky (1995), Barbosa Silva (2005), Bruno (2011) and Cardoso (2008). It was used as methodological procedure the qualitative approach of Oral Life History that privileges the narratives of the subject as knowledge their affective experiences. Thus, they have been recorded interviews with obese adolescents or overweight 13 to 18 years who are part of the screening or are in the nutritional treatment Clinic-School of Nutrition of Biological Sciences and Health College (Cesmac) in Maceió, Alagoas. In this way, the narratives of the interviewed adolescents wove their life story, they are presenting significant data such as the relationship with the mother, the family context, the own act of adolescent and the dealing with conflicts in daily life as important aspects and as possible hypotheses to bring on the onset of obesity and overweight in these adolescent women. Each studied context, reveals singularities mother and daughter relationship and it stands as fundamental to the development and the construction girls maturing in childhood, and mainly, in youth.

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