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Gotowa bibliografia na temat „O3-type layered oxide cathode”

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Data publikacji: 25 maja 2024

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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat "O3-type layered oxide cathode"

Nguyen Le, Minh, Hoang Nguyen Van, Trang Bach Le Thuy, Man Tran Van i Phung Le My Loan. "O3-type layered Ni-rich cathode: synthesis and electrochemical characterization". Vietnam Journal of Catalysis and Adsorption 10, nr 1S (15.10.2021): 206–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.51316/jca.2021.123.

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Ni-rich layered oxides are currently the state-of-the-art material of Lithium-ion batteries due to the balance between the cost, power and energy density. In this work, Ni-rich O3-type NaxNi0.76Mn0.14Co0.10O2.04 (NMC) material was synthesized by the conventional solid-state reaction and investigated as a cathode material for sodium-ion batteries. Rietveld refinement shows that the material is high purity O3-type layered oxide of 91%. In the charge/discharge test, the material was provided the reversible capacity of 156 mAh.g-1 initially at 0.1 C with 50% capacity retention after 50 cycles in the voltage range of 2.0 – 4.2 V. In addition, this material also demonstrates great rate-capability with the discharge capacity of 50 mAh.g-1 even at 5 C. Therefore, NMC material could be a promising candidate for high energy sodium-ion batteries.

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Hwang, Jang-Yeon, Seung-Taek Myung, Ji Ung Choi, Chong Seung Yoon, Hitoshi Yashiro i Yang-Kook Sun. "Correction: Resolving the degradation pathways of the O3-type layered oxide cathode surface through the nano-scale aluminum oxide coating for high-energy density sodium-ion batteries". Journal of Materials Chemistry A 6, nr 8 (2018): 3754. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8ta90016g.

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Correction for ‘Resolving the degradation pathways of the O3-type layered oxide cathode surface through the nano-scale aluminum oxide coating for high-energy density sodium-ion batteries’ by Jang-Yeon Hwang et al., J. Mater. Chem. A, 2017, 5, 23671–23680.

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Yu, Tae-Yeon, Seong-Eun Park i Yang-Kook Sun. "Improving Structural and Chemical Stability of O3-Type Sodium Layered Oxide Cathode Via Fluorination". ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2023-02, nr 4 (22.12.2023): 762. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2023-024762mtgabs.

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A spherical O3-type layered oxide cathode, composed of compactly‐packed nanosized primary particles, is synthesized by the coprecipitation method so that the high tap density of the cathode ensures increased volumetric energy density for energy storage applications. However, drastic volume changes in the deeply charged states contribute to structural degradation, by inducing mechanical stress and the eventual disintegration of the cathode particles by the formation of microcrack. The microcrack traversing the entire secondary particle compromise the mechanical integrity of the cathode and accelerate electrolyte infiltration into the particle interior, causing the subsequent degradation of the exposed internal surfaces. In this study, we suggested a promising fluorination strategy to extend the cycle life of the O3‐type Na[Ni0.5Mn0.5]O2 cathode by improving their mechanical integrity and protecting their surfaces against electrolyte attack. Fluorination not only inhibits the microcracking of cathode secondary particles but also suppresses surface degradation, i.e., the formation of an electrochemically inactive NiO-like rock salt phase and dissolution of transition metals into electrolyte solution.

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Jia, Min, Yu Qiao, Xiang Li, Kezhu Jiang i Haoshen Zhou. "Unraveling the anionic oxygen loss and related structural evolution within O3-type Na layered oxide cathodes". Journal of Materials Chemistry A 7, nr 35 (2019): 20405–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9ta06186j.

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Zhang, Xueping, Kezhu Jiang, Shaohua Guo, Xiaowei Mu, Xiaoyu Zhang, Ping He, Min Han i Haoshen Zhou. "Exploring a high capacity O3-type cathode for sodium-ion batteries and its structural evolution during an electrochemical process". Chemical Communications 54, nr 86 (2018): 12167–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8cc05888a.

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Omenya, Fredrick, Xiaolin Li i David Reed. "(Invited) Insights into the Effects of Doping on Structural Phase Evolution of Sodium Nickel Manganese Oxide Cathodes for High-Energy Sodium Ion Batteries". ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2023-01, nr 5 (28.08.2023): 939. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2023-015939mtgabs.

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High-performance and low-cost transition metal (TM) layered oxides using earth abundant elements are promising cathodes for Na-ion batteries. However, it is challenging to obtain desired materials because the large Na size, different Na occupations and various layer stacking sequences multiply the complication in determining the structure of a given composition and exacerbate uncertainty to the structure-property correlation. In this work, we use the attainment of desired NaxMnyNizTM1−y-zO2-based cathode materials as model compound to demonstrate a general roadmap for batch development of sodium layered cathodes towards practical applications. Several cost-effective O3 and P2/O3 hybrid cathode materials have been obtained, all of which demonstrate excellent performance. Acknowledgement: This work is supported by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Electricity under contract No. 57558. PNNL is operated by Battelle Memorial Institute for the DOE under contract DE-AC05-76RL01830

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Ma, Xiaobai, Hao Guo, Jianxiang Gao, Xufeng Hu, Zhengyao Li, Kai Sun i Dongfeng Chen. "Manipulating of P2/O3 Composite Sodium Layered Oxide Cathode through Ti Substitution and Synthesis Temperature". Nanomaterials 13, nr 8 (12.04.2023): 1349. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano13081349.

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P2/O3 composite sodium layered oxide has emerged as a promising cathode for high-performance Na-ion batteries. However, it has been challenging to regulate accurately the phase ratio of P2/O3 composite due to their high compositional diversity, which brings about some difficulty in manipulating the electrochemical performance of P2/O3 composite. Here, we explore the effect of Ti substitution and the synthesis temperature on the crystal structure and Na storage performance of Na0.8Ni0.4Mn0.6O2. The investigation indicates Ti-substitution and altering synthesis temperature can rationally manipulate the phase ratio of P2/O3 composite, thereby purposefully regulating the cycling and rate performance of P2/O3 composite. Typically, O3-rich Na0.8Ni0.4Mn0.4Ti0.2O2-950 shows excellent cycling stability with a capacity retention of 84% (3C, 700 cycles). By elevating the proportion of P2 phase, Na0.8Ni0.4Mn0.4Ti0.2O2-850 displays concurrently improved rate capability (65% capacity retention at 5 C) and comparable cycling stability. These findings will help guide the rational design of high-performance P2/O3 composite cathodes for sodium-ion batteries.

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Song, Tengfei, Lin Chen, Dominika Gastol, Bo DONG, José F. Marco, Frank J. Berry, Peter R. Slater, Daniel Reed i Emma Kendrick. "Realization High-Voltage Stabilization of O3-Type Layered Oxide Cathodes for Sodium-Ion Batteries by Sn Simultaneously Dual Modification". ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2023-02, nr 4 (22.12.2023): 718. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2023-024718mtgabs.

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The total global production of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) used in electric vehicles and stationary energy storage devices has increased sharply to reach the targeted Net Zero by 2050. This leads to concerns about the future and long-term availability and cost of critical raw materials (cobalt, nickel, lithium and copper) employed in LIBs. Therefore, alternative new-generation batteries with comparable performance but using less critical raw materials are needed. Sodium-ion Batteries (NIBs) offer a wealth of possibilities for inexpensive and sustainable energy storage devices. To maximize their potential, new cathode materials with high energy densities and stable structures are required. Cobalt-free sodium transition metal oxides of O3 type are a predominant cathode for NIBs due to their appreciable specific capacity, reduction in the use of critical elements, and the potential to rival LiFePO4 in terms of energy density. However, rapid capacity fading caused by serious structural and interfacial degradation hamper this process. Herein, we provide a novel Sn-modified O3-type NaNi1/3Fe1/3Mn1/3O2 cathode with improved high-voltage stability by bulk Sn doping and surface coating simultaneously. The bulk substitution of Sn4+ stabilizes the crystal structure by alleviating the irreversible high voltage phase transition and lattice structure degradation. In the meantime, the spontaneously formed tin rich surface layer effectively inhibits surface parasitic reactions and improves interfacial stability during cycling. As a result, the Sn-modified NaNi1/3Fe1/3Mn1/3O2 cathode exhibited excellent cycling performance by an almost doubled capacity retention increase after 200 cycles within 2.0-4.1V. The influence of Sn modification on the crystal structure and electrochemical properties has been investigated for the first time, and the mechanism was studied through an extensive analysis by in situ XRD, HRTEM, FIB-SEM, XPS and Mössbauer spectroscopy. This work offers an industrially feasible strategy to simultaneously stabilize the bulk structure and interface for O3-type layered cathodes for SIBs and raises the possibility of similar effective strategies to be employed for other energy storage materials Figure 1

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Kumar, Bachu Sravan, Anagha Pradeep, Animesh Dutta i Amartya Mukhopadhyay. "‘Aqueous Processed’ O3-Type Transition Metal Oxide Cathodes Enabling Long-Term Cyclic Stability for Na-Ion Batteries". ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-02, nr 4 (9.10.2022): 502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-024502mtgabs.

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Among the potential cathode material classes for Na-ion batteries, O3-type layered NaxTMO2s (TM => transition metal ion) are of importance due to their high starting Na-content (of ~1 per formula unit; x). However, the O3-type NaxTMO2s suffer from multiple structural phase transformations during electrochemical charge/discharge cycles, TM-dissolution into electrolyte [1-2] and, more importantly, inherent sensitivity to moisture [3]. The moisture sensitivity of these ‘layered’ NaxTMO2s necessitates the usage of toxic/hazardous non-aqueous solvents like N-Methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) during electrode preparation. Against this backdrop, a carefully designed composition has been developed in this work, which addresses the aforementioned problems, in particular, the air/water-instability. Partial/complete substitution of Ti-ion for Mn-ion in Na(Li0.05Mn0.5-xTixNi0.30Cu0.10Mg0.05)O2 eliminated the presence of Mn3+ (which dissolves in electrolyte) at the particle surface, supressed increment in impedance and voltage hysteresis during electrochemical cycling and, thus, significantly improved cyclic stability of Ti-substituted O3-type layered NaxTMO2s. The Mn-containing Na-TM-oxides were found to be extremely unstable in terms of phase/structure retention upon exposure to air and water; progressively evolving O’3 and P3 phases due to spontaneous Na-loss and thereby forming undesired NaOH and Na2CO3 phases on the particle surface (see Fig. 1a), causing increase in electrochemical impedance. By contrast, no phase/structural change occurred upon partial/complete Ti-substitution (for Mn-ion), even after 40 days of air-exposure and 12 h of soaking, as well as stirring, in water (viz., very stringent hydration condition) (see Fig. 1b). Such excellent stability against hydration, which was partly due to reduced Na-ion ‘inter-slab spacing’ in the presence of Ti-ion, was not reported earlier for O3-type Na-TM-oxides. The excellent stability of the optimized O3-type NaTMO2 enables the usage of environment/health-friendly and economical ‘aqueous-binder’ (viz., Na-alginate) and water (as solvent) for electrode preparation. Overall, the ‘aqueous-processed’ cathode exhibits first cycle capacity of ~125 mAh/g (between 2-4 V; vs. Na/Na+), with smooth electrochemical cycling profiles (see Fig. 2a) and excellent long-term cyclic stability, with a capacity retention of ~56% after 750 cycles at C/5 (see Fig. 2b). Overall, the present work, as published in ref. [4], has established important correlations between the composition, structure (viz., reduction in ‘inter-slab spacing’), stability against hydration (viz., in air and water), feasibility for health/environmental-friendly ‘aqueous processing’ of electrodes, electrochemical impedance, stability of average voltages and cyclic stability of O3-type Na-TM-oxide based cathode materials for Na-ion batteries. Keywords: Na-ion battery; layered transition metal oxide cathode; air/water-stability; aqueous processing; electrochemical behaviour Reference s : [1] S. Komaba, N. Yabuuchi, T. Nakayama, A.Ogata and T. Ishikawa, Inorg.chem, 51, 6211–6220 (2012). [2] P. F. Wang, Y. You, Y. X. Yin and Y. G. Guo, J. Mater. Chem. A, 4, 17660–17664 (2016). [3] H. R. Yao, P. F. Wang, Y. Gong, J. Zhang, X. Yu, L. Gu, C. Ouyang, Y. X. Yin, E. Hu, X. Q. Yang, E. Stavitski, Y. G. Guo and L. J. Wan, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 139, 8440–8443 (2017). [4] B. S. Kumar, A. Pradeep, A. Dutta, A. Mukhopadhyay., J. Mater. Chem. A, 8, 18064-18078 (2020). Figure 1

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Makhubela, Precious, Raesibe Ledwaba, Kenneth Kgatwane i Phuti Ngoepe. "Structural properties of P2 and O2-type layered lithium manganese oxides as potential coating materials". MATEC Web of Conferences 388 (2023): 07011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202338807011.

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Surface coatings have been reported to improve the performance of cathode materials by altering the surface chemistry or providing a physical protective layer. There is currently a challenge of obtaining the most suitable coating materials between the O2 and P2 type structure for coating the O3-type cathode material to mitigate the structural degradation that occurs during cycling. The density functional theory was used to investigate the structural and electronic properties of these materials in a quest to monitor their stability upon their usage as coating materials for O3-Li2MnO3. The partial density of states of the O2 and P2 bulk materials and O2 and P2 materials with vacancies indicated that the electron contribution at the fermi level was due to the p state of oxygen and the d state of manganese. Furthermore, the electronic band structures showed that the materials are metallic, with a band gap of zero. The P2 and O2-type cathode materials have been known to offer high energy density and excellent cycling stability while the P2 has been found to not only enhance the reversibility and air/thermal stability of other cathodes but also improve their electrochemical kinetics and reduce the charge transfer resistance.

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Rozprawy doktorskie na temat "O3-type layered oxide cathode"

Wang, Qing. "High Energy Density Layered Oxide Cathodes for Sodium Ion Batteries". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2021. https://theses.hal.science/tel-03728228.

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La demande croissante de stockage d'énergie a stimulé des recherches extensives pour la chimie de batteries moins chers et plus durables, tels que le Na-ion. L'un des défis majeurs pour l'application pratique des batteries Na-ion est les performances insuffisantes de cathode, notamment en termes de densité d'énergie. Les oxydes lamellaires de sodium du type O3 sont prometteurs en termes de densité d'énergie, mais ils souffrent d'une cyclabilité insuffisante et d'une mauvaise stabilité à l'humidité. Dans ce contexte, cette thèse se concentre sur la synthèse et la caractérisation de cathodes avancées de type O3 fabriquées à partir de éléments à bas coût qui pourraient dépasser ces limites. Le système Na(Cu,Fe,Mn)O2 comprenant des centres redox à haute tension tels que Fe et Cu est systématiquement étudié, présentant une cyclabilité insatisfaisante qui se révèle provenir de processus d’oxydoréduction inhabituels et de processus structurels à des tensions élevées. Ensuite, la co-substitution de Cu et Ti dans le système NaNi0,5Mn0,5O2 est étudiée, montrant une cyclabilité et une stabilité à l'humidité améliorées. Les compositions optimales identifiées sont compétitives pour l'application, comme le démontre un prototype au format « 18650 ». Enfin, la possibilité d'utiliser l'oxygène comme centre redox pour une capacité élevée est examinée par l'exemple d'une phase O3-NaLi1/3Mn2/3O2 nouvellement obtenue, qui est également utilisée comme composé « modèle » pour approfondir notre connaissance du mécanisme fondamental du redox anionique
The increasing demand for energy storage has stimulated extensive research for cheaper and more sustainable battery chemistries, such as Na-ion. One of the major challenges of the practical application of Na-ion batteries is the insufficient performances of cathode materials, especially in terms of energy density. O3-type sodium layered oxides are promising in terms of energy density, but they suffer from insufficient cyclability and poor moisture stability. In this context, this thesis focuses on the synthesis and characterization of advanced O3-type cathodes made from cheap constitutions which could overcome these limits. First, the Na(Cu,Fe,Mn)O2 system comprising high-voltage redox centers such as Fe and Cu is systematically studied, exhibiting unsatisfactory cyclability which is revealed to originate from structural and unusual redox processes at high voltages. Next, the Cu and Ti co-substitution in NaNi0.5Mn0.5O2 system is investigated, showing improved cyclability and moisture stability. The optimal compositions are competitive for utility as demonstrated by a 18 650 prototype. Lastly, the possibility of using oxygen as redox center for high capacity is also examined by the example of a first achieved O3-NaLi1/3Mn2/3O2 phase, which is also used as a model compound to deepen our understanding of the fundamental anionic redox mechanism

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Części książek na temat "O3-type layered oxide cathode"

PARK, SUN-YOUNG, HO-IL JI, HAE-RYOUNG KIM, KYUNG JOONG YOON, JI-WON SON, HAE-WEON LEE i JONG-HO LEE. "EFFECT OF LANTHANUM-STRONTIUM-COBALTITE CATHODE CURRENT-COLLECTING LAYER ON THE PERFORMANCE OF ANODE SUPPORTED TYPE PLANAR SOLID OXIDE FUEL CELLS". W Solid State Ionics, 198–203. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789814415040_0024.

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Streszczenia konferencji na temat "O3-type layered oxide cathode"

Zhuo, Haoxiang, i Xin Zhang. "Effect of structural characteristics on electrochemical behavior of P-type layered oxide cathode materials for sodium ion batteries". W Fifth International Conference on Optoelectronic Science and Materials (ICOSM 2023), redaktorzy Yuan Lu i Yabo Fu. SPIE, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.3016342.

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Yoo, Young-Sung, Hai-Kyung Seo, Kyo-Sang Ahn, Je-Myung Oh i Joongmyeon Bae. "Performance of Anode-Supported SOFC Single Cells Using Thin Electrolyte of YSZ and ScSZ at Intermediate Temperatures". W ASME 2004 2nd International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fuelcell2004-2449.

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Present results on intermediate temperature-operating solid oxide fuel cells (IT-SOFC) are mainly focused to obtain higher performance of single cell at lower operating temperature, especially with planar type. In order to develop a 1 kW-class SOFC system for Residential Power Generation (RPG) application that can be operated at intermediate temperatures, we have developed an anode-supported and planar type SOFC stack using cost-effective interconnects such as ferritic stainless steels. To improve electrical performance of the anode-supported SOFC, cells with alternative electrode or thin electrolyte layer of YSZ and ScSZ, respectively, were fabricated by slurry coating and their performances were investigated. Mixtures of NiO and 8YSZ powders were pressed into rectangular plates, which were pre-sintered at 1400°C for 1 h. Then the 8YSZ (8mol%Y2O3+ZrO2) or 10ScSZ (10mol%Sc2O3+1 mol%CeO2+ZrO2) electrolytes were coated by slurry coating method on the upper side of anode substrate and cofired at 1550 or 1500°C for an hour. Thereafter, composite cathode pastes of LSM (La0.7Sr0.2MnO3) or LSCF ((La0.6Sr0.4)(Co0.2Fe0.8)O3 ) were screen-printed on thin electrolytes and heat-treated at 1100°C for 2 h. The final size of anode-supported single cell sintered was about 5 × 5 cm2, and the thickness of the electrolyte and the cathode layer was about 20 μm and 30 μm, respectively. The I-V and AC impedance characteristics of these single cells were evaluated at intermediate temperature (650 ∼ 750°C) using hydrogen gas as a fuel. The maximum power density of anode-supported cell was 0.4 ∼ 1.7 W/cm2 at 750°C and 0.12 ∼ 0.55 W/cm2 at 650°C depending on the composition and microstructure of electrolyte/electrodes.

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Yoo, Young-Sung, Jae Keun Park, Soo-Yong Yang, Je-Myung Oh i Joongmyeon Bae. "Performance of Anode-Supported SOFC Cells Using Thin Electrolyte of Scandia-Doped Zirconia at Intermediate Temperatures". W ASME 2005 3rd International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fuelcell2005-74146.

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Our recent study on intermediate temperature-operating solid oxide fuel cells (IT-SOFC) are mainly focused on higher performance of single cell at lower operating temperature. We have started the project to develop a 1 kW-class SOFC system for Residential Power Generation (RPG) application. For a 1 kW-class SOFC stack that can be operated at intermediate temperatures, we have developed anode-supported, planar type SOFC to have advantages for commercialization of SOFCs considering mass production and using cost-effective interconnects such as ferritic stainless steels. Single cells with thin electrolyte layer of YSZ and ScSZ, respectively, were fabricated by slurry coating and their performances were investigated. Mixtures of NiO and 8YSZ powders were pressed into rectangular plates of about 13 × 13 cm2, which were presintered at 1400°C for 1h. Then the 8YSZ (8mol% Y2O3 + ZrO2) or 10ScSZ (10mol% Sc2O3+1mol%CeO2+ZrO2) electrolytes dispersed in distilled water were coated on the upper side of anode substrate and co-fired at 1550 or 1500°C for 1h. Thereafter cathode pastes of La0.78Sr0.22MnO3 or (La0.6Sr0.4)(Co1-xFex)O3 were screen-printed on thin electrolytes and heat-treated at 1100°C for 2 h. The size of anode-supported single cells finally sintered was about 10 × 10 cm2, and the thickness of the electrolyte and the cathode layer was about 20μm and 30μm respectively. The I-V and AC impedance characteristics of these single cells were evaluated at intermediate temperature (650 ∼ 800°C) by using hydrogen gas as a fuel. The maximum power density of anode-supported cells was 0.5 ∼ 2.0 W/cm2 at 750°C and 0.18 ∼ 0.75 W/cm2 at 650°C depending on the composition and microstructure of electrolyte/electrodes.

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Kim, Yu-Mi, i Joongmyeon Bae. "Investigation of Mixed Conducting Cathode for Metal-Supported SOFC". W ASME 2009 7th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fuelcell2009-85066.

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Metal-supported solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) is a promising concept in solving serious problems associated with current SOFC design. Metal-supported SOFC have many advantages as compared to current SOFC such as easy sealing, mechanical durability and cost reduction. However, they have also disadvantages such as diffusion of metallic components between metal-substrate and anode, corrosion of metal at high temperatures. Due to the cell fabrication and oxidation of metal substrate, unsintered cathode with high electrochemical activity at operating temperature is essential in order to obtain the better performance in the metal-supported SOFC. For this purpose, mixed conducting cathode materials for metal-supported SOFC were investigated by using SEM, XRD, EIS and particle size distribution (PSD) measurement. From the results of half cell test using 8YSZ electrolyte and SEM images, it was observed that (Ba,Sr)(Co,Fe)O3-δ electrode showed the better electrochemical performance and sinterability at 1073 K than other conventional cathode material. It was also concluded from the long-term test that the buffer layer between electrolyte and cathode is necessary in order to eliminate the chemical reaction between the 8YSZ electrolyte and the cathode.

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Song, Jung-Hoon, Young-Min Park, Hong-Youl Bae, Jinsoo Ahn, Byeong-Geun Seong, Do-Hyeong Kim i Joong-Hwan Jun. "Effect of Co-Doped GDC Buffer Layer on the Power Density of Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC)". W ASME 2010 8th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fuelcell2010-33252.

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It is usually accepted that the doped ceria buffer layer is needed between the conventional yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) electrolytes and the Fe and Co containing cathode materials such as (La,Sr)(Co,Fe)O3-δ (LSCF) to improve the cell performance and to prevent unwanted chemical reactions between them. In this study, the effect of the sintering temperature, cobalt doping amount, and the starting powders of GDC (Gadolinium Doped Ceria) layer were investigated. The cell testing result indicated that it would be desirable to decide the sintering temperature of the GDC layer less than 1250°C to minimize the effect of the solid solutions based on (Zr, Ce)O2. Furthermore, 5 days operations of the button cell with cobalt doped GDC layer showed the increased ohmic and polarization resistance, indicating the cobalt segregation from the GDC layer during the long term operation.

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Li, Pei-Wen, Laura Schaefer i Minking K. Chyu. "Interdigitated Heat/Mass Transfer and Chemical/Electrochemical Reactions in a Planar Type Solid Oxide Fuel Cell". W ASME 2003 Heat Transfer Summer Conference. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ht2003-47436.

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The details of the heat/mass transfer in a planar type solid oxide fuel cell that controls the energy conversion performance are studied by employing a three-dimensional numerical computation for the fields of velocity, gas mass fractions and temperature. The SOFC under investigation is a unit working in a SOFC stack. It has the tri-layer of anode-electrolyte-cathode and interconnects having multiple channels for fuel and air. Two designs of the tri-layer, anode-supported and electrolyte-supported, are studied. Pre-reformed fuel gas with components of H2, H2O, CO, CO2 and CH4 is arranged in cross-flow direction with airflow. Further reforming and shift reaction in fuel channels were considered at chemical equilibrium. It was found that the consumption and production of gas species are different in the different channels. High current density was located in the upstream area of fuel channels. The operation conditions of current density affected the temperature level significantly.

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Chen, Jinxiang, i Hang Zhou. "Investigating the MgAl-Doping n-Type ZnO(MgAlZnO) Metal Oxide Film Used as the ITO Cathode Buffer Layer in the Inverted Polymer Solar Cell". W 2020 IEEE 3rd International Conference on Electronics Technology (ICET). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icet49382.2020.9119712.

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Lindahl, Peter A., Xuelei Hu, Joshua Wold, Matthew Cornachione i Steven R. Shaw. "Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Degradation, Recovery and Control via the Electrical Terminals". W ASME 2014 12th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology collocated with the ASME 2014 8th International Conference on Energy Sustainability. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fuelcell2014-6650.

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This paper presents results from an investigation concerning load-induced degradation, recovery, and control of solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs). In this study, commercially available SOFCs were subject to extended over-current conditions, followed by periods of open-circuit operation. During times of current loading, degradation was observed in the cells’ electrical performance through polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurements. These measurements showed an increase in the polarization curve’s ohmic region slope, i.e. large-signal resistance, as well as an increase in the cell’s small-signal low-frequency impedance. The degradation was temporary however, as the electrical performance recovered during times of open-circuit operation. These results, attributed to electrochemically-induced oxidation and reduction of nickel in the anode, suggest the degradation phenomenon is controllable via the electrical terminals. As such, an additional test was performed on an SOFC powering a pulse-width modulated load, with the load’s duty-cycle negatively proportional to the cell’s large-signal resistance. Polarization and EIS measurements taken during this test showed that despite the controlled load, degradation occurred throughout the test. However, post-test scanning electron microscope images revealed cracks in the cell’s cathode along the boundary between the active and bulk layers. This type of cracking was not observed in the original degradation and recovery tests, suggesting that the degradation observed in the controlled load test was irreversible and caused by a separate phenomenon.

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Bae, Joongmyeon, Jin Woo Park, Hee Chun Lim, Kyo-Sang Ahn i Young-Sung Yoo. "Performance of Small Stack for Intermediate Temperature-Operating Solid Oxide Fuel Cells Using Stainless Steel Interconnects". W ASME 2004 2nd International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fuelcell2004-2451.

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Recently we have started a project to develop 1 kW-class SOFC system for Residential Power Generation (RPG) application supported by Korean Government. For a 1 kW-class SOFC stack that can be operated at intermediate temperatures, we started to develop anode-supported, planar type SOFC to have advantages for commercialization of SOFCs considering mass production and using cost-effective interconnects such as ferritic stainless steels. Anode-supported single cells with thin electrolyte layer of YSZ were fabricated and their small stacks were built and evaluated. The size of anode-supported single cells after final sintering was about 5 × 5 cm2, and the thickness of electrolyte and the cathode layer were about 20 μm and 30 μm, respectively. I-V and AC impedance characteristics of these single cells and small stacks were evaluated at intermediate temperature (650 ∼ 750°C) by using hydrogen gas as a fuel. We have already carried out long-term performance test for YSZ thin electrolyte single cell for above 26,000 h (3 years) at 750°C, applying 0.76 V with power density of 200 mW/cm2. Using these YSZ thin electrolyte 5 × 5 cm2 cells and Inconel interconnect plates coated by silver paste, the 15-cell and 60-cell short stack were prepared. The initial stack (15 cell) voltage at 150 mW/cm2 was 12.5 V in hydrogen as fuel of 120 sccm/cell at 750°C and decreased to about 10.9 V at 500 h of operation time. It was then stabilized and kept until 4,000 h with a degradation rate of 10 mV/(1000 h, 1 cell). AC impedance of this small stack and microstructure of cell components were analyzed during and after the operation. Furthermore thin electrolyte cells and ferritic stainless steel interconnects were built into a 4-cell stack and the small stack was operated at 650°C for cost-effective planar SOFC RPG system. I-V and AC impedance characteristics of the small stack were evaluated at 650°C by using hydrogen as a fuel.

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Bae, Joongmyeon, Jae Keun Park, Jin-Woo Park, Hee-Chun Lim i Youngsung Yoo. "Stack Performance of Intermediate Temperature-Operating Solid Oxide Fuel Cells Using Stainless Steel Interconnects and Anode-Supported Single Cells". W ASME 2005 3rd International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fuelcell2005-74145.

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We are continuing a national project to develop 1 kW-class SOFC system for Residential Power Generation (RPG) application supported by Korean Government. For intermediate temperature operation, we chose anode-supported, planar type SOFC design to have advantages for commercialization of SOFCs considering mass production and using cost-effective interconnects such as ferritic stainless steels. Anode-supported single cells with thin electrolyte layer of YSZ or ScSZ, respectively, were fabricated and their small stacks were built and evaluated. The size of anode-supported single cells finally sintered was about 10 × 10 cm2, and the thickness of electrolyte and the cathode layer was about 20μm and 30μm, respectively. The I-V and AC impedance characteristics of these single cells and small stacks were evaluated at intermediate temperature (650 ∼ 800°C) by using hydrogen gas as a fuel. We have already carried out long-term performance test for YSZ thin electrolyte single cell for above 33,000 h (3.8 years) at 750°C, applying 0.76 V with power density of 200 mW/cm2. Using these YSZ thin electrolyte 10 × 10 cm2 cells and Inconel interconnect plates coated by silver paste, the 15-cell and 60-cell short stack were prepared. The initial stack voltage at 150 mW/cm2 was 12.5 V in hydrogen as fuel of 120 sccm/cell at 750°C and decreased to about 10.9 V at 500 h operation time. It was then stabilized until 4,000 h with a degradation rate of 10 mV/(1000h, 1 cell). AC impedance of this small stack and microstructure of cell components were analyzed during and after the operation. Furthermore ScSZ thin electrolyte 10 × 10 cm2 cells and ferritic stainless steel interconnects were built into a 5-cell stack and the small stack was operated at 650°C for cost-effective planar SOFC RPG system. I-V and AC impedance characteristics of the small stack were evaluated at 650°C by using hydrogen gas or methane gas as fuel.

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