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Li, Xixi, Guodong Ge, Guili Song, Qing Li i Zongbin Cui. "Effects of Nutritionally Induced Obesity on Metabolic Pathways of Zebrafish". International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, nr 3 (17.01.2023): 1850. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms24031850.
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Human obesity has become a global epidemic that can lead to many metabolic diseases, including insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, dyslipidemia, hypertension and nonalcoholic fatty liver. The development of obesity is closely associated with excess food intake and energy imbalance, family history, lifestyle, psychology and other factors, but molecular mechanisms underlying the induction and development of obesity remain to be intensively studied under a variety of internal and external pathogenesis conditions. In this study, we generated two obesity models of zebrafish that were treated with a high-fat diet (HFD) or an overfeeding diet (DIO). Both HFD and DIO zebrafish exhibited higher levels of lipid accumulation, fat distribution, microvascular steatosis and ectopic accumulation of lipid droplets in liver and muscle than normal diet (NOD) fish. The comparison of transcriptome sequencing data for the livers of HFD, DIO and NOD groups identified common and specific genes and signaling pathways that are potentially associated with zebrafish obesity induced by HFD and/or DIO. These findings provide clues for further understanding the mechanisms of obesity development and preventing nutritionally induced obesity through targeting the common signaling pathways and biological processes.
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EZEOGUINE, OLAOYE, S. F. OLAOYE, P. E. Mbah, U. E. NNUBIA i G. O. Anozie. "IMPORTANT MEDICINAL PLANTS IN NIGERIA FOR IMPROVING NUTRITION AND HEALTHY LIVING". Nigeria Journal of Home Economics (ISSN: 2782-8131) 9, nr 5 (1.06.2021): 64–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.61868/njhe.v9i5.17.
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Human life and existence have continued to be under serious threat especially with different kinds of diseases and ailments that keep emerging. Some of these diseases are environmentally induced while others are caused by poor nutrition. These diseases, whether environmentally or nutritionally induced reduce performance and productivity in human. Seeking orthodox medical solutions to these life threatening diseases have not always been easy especially as their medical treatments are very expensive and come with varying side effects. Hence, the need to embrace and appreciate nature in arrays of medicinal plants which the nature has endowed us with. Medicinal plants have been used as traditional treatment for numerous human diseases for thousands of years in many parts of the world. The researchers of this paper thus focus attention on important medicinal plants and their uses in curing and management of diseases such as hypertension, Sickle Cell Anemia and eye diseases. The researchers concluded that since these medicinal plants are environmentally friendly, easily available, and cheap and have curative effect than many substandard orthodox medicines imported into the country, individual and family members should embrace them in nutrition and diseases for healthy living
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de Lisle, Geoffrey W., Theresa Wilson, Desmond M. Collins i Bryce M. Buddle. "Vaccination of Guinea Pigs with Nutritionally Impaired Avirulent Mutants of Mycobacterium bovis Protects against Tuberculosis". Infection and Immunity 67, nr 5 (1.05.1999): 2624–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.67.5.2624-2626.1999.
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ABSTRACT Four nutritionally impaired strains of Mycobacterium bovis produced by illegitimate recombination were tested for their ability to protect guinea pigs against intratracheal challenge with virulent M. bovis. All four strains and M. bovis BCG induced significant levels of protection as measured by the reduced spread of infection to the spleen and liver. In animals vaccinated with BCG or two of the other strains, the bacterial counts from the lungs were significantly lower than those of the nonvaccinated animals.
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Ndlovu, Siqiniseko S., Terisha Ghazi i Anil A. Chuturgoon. "The Potential of Moringa oleifera to Ameliorate HAART-Induced Pathophysiological Complications". Cells 11, nr 19 (24.09.2022): 2981. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells11192981.
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Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) comprises a combination of two or three antiretroviral (ARV) drugs that are administered together in a single tablet. These drugs target different steps within the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) life cycle, providing either a synergistic or additive antiviral effect; this enhances the efficiency in which viral replication is suppressed. HIV cannot be completely eliminated, making HAART a lifetime treatment. With long-term HAART usage, an increasing number of patients experience a broadening array of complications, and this significantly affects their quality of life, despite cautious use. The mechanism through which ARV drugs induce toxicity is associated with metabolic complications such as mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and inflammation. To address this, it is necessary to improve ARV drug formulation without compromising its efficacy; alternatively, safe supplementary medicine may be a suitable solution. The medicinal plant Moringa oleifera (MO) is considered one of the most important sources of novel nutritionally and pharmacologically active compounds that have been shown to prevent and treat various diseases. MO leaves are rich in polyphenols, vitamins, minerals, and tannins; studies have confirmed the therapeutic properties of MO. MO leaves provide powerful antioxidants, scavenge free radicals, promote carbohydrate metabolism, and repair DNA. MO also induces anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective, anti-proliferative, and anti-mutagenic effects. Therefore, MO can be a source of affordable and safe supplement therapy for HAART-induced toxicity. This review highlights the potential of MO leaves to protect against HAART-induced toxicity in HIV patients.
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Christiaens, Valerie, Ilse Scroyen i H. Roger Lijnen. "Role of proteolysis in development of murine adipose tissue". Thrombosis and Haemostasis 99, nr 02 (2008): 290–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1160/th07-10-0589.
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SummaryObesity is a common disorder, and related diseases such as diabetes, atherosclerosis, hypertension, cardiovascular disease and cancer are a major cause of mortality and morbidity inWesterntype societies. Development of obesity is associated with extensive modifications in adipose tissue involving adipogenesis, angiogenesis and extracellular matrix proteolysis. The fibrinolytic (plasminogen/plasmin) and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) systems cooperate in these processes. A nutritionally induced obesity model in transgenic mice has been used extensively to study the role of the fibrinolytic and MMP systems in the development of obesity. These studies support a role of both systems in adipogenesis and obesity, and suggest that modulation of proteolytic activity may affect development of adipose tissue.
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McMullen, S., J. C. Osgerby, L. M. Thurston, T. S. Gadd, P. J. Wood, D. C. Wathes i A. E. Michael. "Alterations in placental 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (11βHSD) activities and fetal cortisol:cortisone ratios induced by nutritional restriction prior to conception and at defined stages of gestation in ewes". Reproduction 127, nr 6 (czerwiec 2004): 717–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/rep.1.00070.
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In the placenta, cortisol is inactivated by NADP+- and NAD+-dependent isoforms of 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (11βHSD). Decreased placental 11βHSD activities have been implicated in intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) and fetal programming of adult diseases. The objective of this study was to investigate whether placental 11βHSD activities and fetal plasma cortisol:cortisone ratios could be affected by nutritional restriction of ewes (70% maintenance diet) throughout gestation, for specific stages of gestation, or prior to mating. Chronic nutritional restriction from day 26 of gestation onwards decreased NAD+-dependent 11βHSD activities by 52 ± 4% and 45 ± 6% on days 90 and 135 of gestation respectively. Although the decreases in enzyme activities were associated with fetal IUGR, the cortisol:cortisone ratio in fetal plasma was unaffected by chronic nutritional restriction throughout pregnancy. Nutritional restriction confined to early (days 26–45), mid- (days 46–90) and late gestation (days 91–135), or the 30 days prior to mating, had no significant effect on NAD+-dependent, placental 11βHSD activities, nor was there evidence of IUGR. However, nutritional restriction at each stage of pregnancy and prior to mating was associated with significant decreases in the fetal plasma cortisol:cortisone ratio (3.2 ± 0.7 in control fetuses; 1.0 to 1.6 in fetuses carried by nutritionally restricted ewes). We conclude that nutritional restriction of pregnant ewes for more than 45 consecutive days can significantly decrease NAD+-dependent placental 11βHSD activities in association with IUGR. While the cortisol:cortisone ratio in fetal plasma is sensitive to relatively acute restriction of nutrient intake, even prior to mating, this ratio does not reflect direct ex vivo measurements of placental 11βHSD activities.
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Smith, Allen D., Sebastian Botero, Terez Shea-Donohue i Joseph F. Urban. "The Pathogenicity of an EntericCitrobacter rodentiumInfection Is Enhanced by Deficiencies in the Antioxidants Selenium and Vitamin E". Infection and Immunity 79, nr 4 (18.01.2011): 1471–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.01017-10.
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ABSTRACTThe pathogenesis of aCitrobacter rodentiuminfection was evaluated in mice fed diets with a single deficiency in either selenium or vitamin E or with a double deficiency in both selenium and vitamin E compared to mice on nutritionally adequate diets. Mice fed the selenium- and vitamin E-deficient diet for 6 weeks had increased loads ofC. rodentiumin the colon and spleen, which were not observed in mice fed either of the singly deficient diets or the adequate diet. Infected mice fed the doubly deficient diet had increased colon crypt hyperplasia and an influx of infiltrating cells along with gross changes to crypt architecture, including ulceration and denuding of the epithelial layer. Cytokine and chemokine mRNA levels in the colon were measured by real-time PCR. Expression of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines was upregulated on day 12 after infection withC. rodentiumin mice fed the doubly deficient diet compared to mice fed the control diet. Heme oxygenase 1, an enzyme upregulated by oxidative stress, also was more highly induced in infected mice fed the doubly deficient diet. Production ofC. rodentiumantigen-specific IgM and IgG antibodies was not affected by feeding the doubly deficient diet. The results indicated that selenium and vitamin E play an important role in host resistance and in the pathology induced byC. rodentium, an infection that mimics disease caused by common food-borne bacterial pathogens in humans.
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Dauncey, M. J., i R. J. Bicknell. "Nutrition and neurodevelopment: mechanisms of developmental dysfunction and disease in later life". Nutrition Research Reviews 12, nr 2 (grudzień 1999): 231–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/095442299108728947.
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AbstractNutrition plays a central role in linking the fields of developmental neurobiology and cognitive neuroscience. It has a profound impact on the development of brain structure and function and malnutrition can result in developmental dysfunction and disease in later life. A number of diseases, including schizophrenia, may be related to neurodevelopmental insults such as malnutrition, hypoxia, viruses or in utero drug exposure. Some of the most significant findings on nutrition and neurodevelopment during the last three decades, and especially during the last few years, are discussed in this review. Attention is focused on the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms by which diet exerts its effects. Randomized intervention studies have revealed important effects of early nutrition on later cognitive development, and recent epidemiological findings show that both genetics and environment are risk factors for schizophrenia. Particularly important is the effect of early nutrition on development of the hippocampus, a brain structure important in establishing learning and memory, and hence for cognitive performance. A major aim of future research should be to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying nutritionally-induced impairment of neurodevelopment and specifically to determine the mechanisms by which early nutritional experience affects later cognitive performance. Key research objectives should include: (1) increased understanding of mechanisms underlying the normal processes of ageing and neurodegenerative disorders; (2) assessment of the role of susceptibility genes in modulating the effects of early nutrition on neurodevelopment; and (3) development of nutritional and pharmaceutical strategies for preventing and/or ameliorating the adverse effects of early malnutrition on long-term programming.
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Gutte, Rajashri, i Vijaya Deshmukh. "A comprehensive review of the preventive action of Natural Nutraceutical Ingredients in reducing Chemotherapy – Induced Side effects". Functional Food Science 3, nr 2 (28.02.2023): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.31989/ffs.v3i2.1051.
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Cancer is an umbrella term for more than 100 diseases, having the ability to access every part of the body. Chemotherapy drugs used to treat cancer can harm cells in the body including the nervous system and main functioning parts like the heart, lungs, and kidney, according to the American Cancer Society(2020).This re-evaluation aims to give a detailed synopsis of the evidence supporting the effectiveness of natural nutraceutical ingredients and their role in minimizing chemotherapy-related side effects by reviewing several published studies.Research Gap gives ideas for searching for an ingredient with greater efficacy and fewer or no side effects.This study focuses on natural nutraceutical ingredients as opposed to synthetic ingredients because the latter are poorly absorbed by the body and have more negative side effects. This study recommends using natural nutraceutical ingredients as supportive care supplements to treat chemo-related side effects and strengthen patients’ immune systems to fight the disease by regenerating their tissues.The main purpose of the study is to combine conventional medical practices with nutritionally enhanced autonomous human body recovery using natural ingredients in cancer patients.This review will provide an overview based on the fact that natural ingredients, including bioactive components, enriched fractions, and extracts in both raw and pristine form, are shown as preventive measures for the treatment of cancer.Keywords: Cancer, Chemotherapy-induced side effects, therapeutic benefits, Natural Nutraceutical ingredients, Supportive care, etc.
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Kumar, Sachin, i Puneet Kumar. "The Beneficial Effect of Rice Bran Extract Against Rotenone-Induced Experimental Parkinson’s Disease in Rats". Current Molecular Pharmacology 14, nr 3 (16.08.2021): 428–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874467214666210126113324.
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Background: Neurodegenerative diseases have become an increasing cause of various disabilities worldwide, followed by aging, including Parkinson’s disease (PD). Parkinson’s disease is a degenerative brain disorder distinguished by growing motor & non-motor failure due to the degeneration of medium-sized spiked neurons in the striatum region. Rotenone is often employed to originate the animal model of PD. It is a powerful blocker of mitochondrial complex-I, mitochondrial electron transport chain that reliably produces Parkinsonism-like symptoms in rats. Rice bran (RB) is very rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and nutritionally beneficial compounds, such as γ-oryzanol, tocopherols, and tocotrienols and sterols are believed to have favorable outcomes on oxidative stress & mitochondrial function. Objective: The present study has been designed to explore RB extract’s effect against rotenone-induced neurotoxicity in rats. Methods: In the present study, Rotenone (2 mg/kg, s.c) was administered systemically for 28 days. The hexane extract of RB was prepared using Soxhlation. Hexane extract (250 & 500 mg/kg) was administered per oral for 28 days in rotenone-treated groups. Behavioral parameters (grip strength, motor coordination, locomotion, and catalepsy) were conducted on the 7th, 14th, 21st, and 28th day. Animals were sacrificed on the 29th day for biochemical estimation in the striatum and cortex. Result: This study demonstrates significant alteration in behavioral parameters, oxidative burden (increased lipid peroxidation, nitrite concentration, and decreased glutathione, catalase, SOD) in rotenone-treated animals. Administration of hexane extract of RB prevented the behavioral, biochemical alterations induced by rotenone. The current research has been sketched to inspect RB extract’s effect against rotenone-developed neurotoxicity in rats. Conclusion: The findings support that PD is associated with impairments in motor activity. The results also suggest that the nutraceutical rice bran that contains γ-oryzanol, Vitamin-E, ferulic acid etc., may underlie the adjuvant susceptibility towards rotenone-induced PD in experimental rats.
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Chwil, Mirosława, Renata Matraszek-Gawron i Mikołaj Kostryco. "Rubi idaei fructus as a Source of Bioactive Chemical Compounds with an Important Role in Human Health and Comparison of the Antioxidant Potential of Fruits and Juice of Three Repeat-Fruiting Rubus idaeus L. Cultivars". Metabolites 13, nr 11 (2.11.2023): 1124. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/metabo13111124.
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Rubi idaei fructus is a source of nutritionally important bioactive chemical compounds, mainly antioxidants, which strengthen the immune system and can be used in the prophylaxis and adjuvant therapies of many oxidative stress-induced diseases. There are no literature reports presenting a comprehensive comparative analysis of the antioxidant activity and nutritionally relevant metabolites contained in the fruits of repeat-fruiting raspberry cultivars, which are commonly grown in Europe. The aim of this study was to carry out a comparative analysis of the antioxidant potential (Folin–Ciocalteu, DPPH, FRAP), the content of selected primary and secondary metabolites, and the qualitative and quantitative composition of amino acids and fatty acids in the fruits of R. idaeus cv. ‘Pokusa’, ‘Polana’, and ‘Polka’. The fruits of the analyzed cultivars have a low caloric value (171–219 kcal/100 g); low content of available carbohydrates (6–6.6%) and total carbohydrates (3.4–4.8%); and high levels of dietary fiber (4.7–5.8%), vitamin C (22.8–27 mg/100 g), anthocyanins (25.1–29.6 mg/100 g), and flavonoids (0.5–2.6 mg/100 g). The fruits were found to contain valuable unsaturated fatty acids (35–60%), especially MUFAs with dominant oleic, elaidic, palmitic, and erucic acids and PUFAs (α-linolenic, eicosapentaenoic, and linoleic acids). MUFAs from the ω-9 group accounted for 12–18%, whereas the content of PUFAs from the ω-3 and ω-6 groups was in the range of 15–23 and 6–21%, respectively. Exogenous amino acids, accounting for 56–62%, were dominated by leucine, phenylalanine, and lysine. The following order of the total polyphenolic content was established in the fresh fruit juice from the analyzed cultivars: ‘Pokusa’ < ‘Polana’ < ‘Polka’. The different antioxidant capacity assays used in the study confirmed the high antioxidant potential of the fruits and fresh juice from the three R. idaeus cultivars. This indicates that raspberry fruits can serve as a source of nutrients and can be used as a valuable supplement in a healthy human diet and a raw material in the pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries.
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Queiroz, Jaluza Luana C. de, Isaiane Medeiros, Mayara S. R. Lima, Fabiana Maria C. de Carvalho, Christina S. Camillo, Pedro Paulo de A. Santos, Gerlane C. B. Guerra i in. "Efficacy of Carotenoid-Loaded Gelatin Nanoparticles in Reducing Plasma Cytokines and Adipocyte Hypertrophy in Wistar Rats". International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, nr 13 (26.06.2023): 10657. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms241310657.
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The present study investigated the effect of gelatin-based nanoparticles (EPG) loaded with a carotenoid-rich crude extract (CE) on systemic and adipose tissue inflammatory response in a model with inflammation induced by a high glycemic index and high glycemic load diet (HGLI). Nanoparticles synthesized were characterized by different physical and chemical methods. The in vivo investigation evaluated Wistar rats (n = 20, 11 days, adult male with 21 weeks) subdivided into untreated (HGLI diet), conventional treatment (nutritionally adequate diet), treatment 1 (HGLI + crude extract (12.5 mg/kg)), and treatment 2 (HGLI + EPG (50 mg/kg)) groups. Dietary intake, caloric intake and efficiency, weight, inflammatory cytokines tissue concentration, visceral adipose tissue (VAT) weight, histopathological analysis, and antioxidant activity in plasma and VAT were investigated. EPG showed the same physical and chemical characteristics as previous batches (95.2 nm, smooth surface, and chemical interactions between materials). The EPG-treated group was the only group promoting negative ∆dietary intake, ∆caloric efficiency, and ∆weight. In addition, it presented a significant reduction (p < 0.05) in IL-6 and leptin levels and a greater presence of multilocular adipocytes. The results suggest that EPG can act as a nutraceutical in adjuvant therapy for treating inflammatory diseases associated with adipose tissue accumulation.
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Weksler-Zangen, Sarah. "Is Type 2 Diabetes a Primary Mitochondrial Disorder?" Cells 11, nr 10 (12.05.2022): 1617. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells11101617.
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Diabetes mellitus is the most common endocrine disturbance in inherited mitochondrial diseases. It is essential to increase awareness of the correct diagnosis and treatment of diabetes in these patients and screen for the condition in family members, as diabetes might appear with distinctive clinical features, complications and at different ages of onset. The severity of mitochondrial-related diabetes is likely to manifest on a large scale of phenotypes depending on the location of the mutation and whether the number of affected mitochondria copies (heteroplasmy) reaches a critical threshold. Regarding diabetes treatment, the first-choice treatment for type 2 diabetes (T2D), metformin, is not recommended because of the risk of lactic acidosis. The preferred treatment for diabetes in patients with mitochondrial disorders is SGLT-2i and mitochondrial GLP-1-related substances. The tight relationship between mitochondrial dysfunction, reduced glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS), and diabetes development in human patients is acknowledged. However, despite the well-characterized role of mitochondria in GSIS, there is a relative lack of data in humans implicating mitochondrial dysfunction as a primary defect in T2D. Our recent studies have provided data supporting the significant role of the mitochondrial respiratory-chain enzyme, cytochrome c oxidase (COX), in regulating GSIS in a rodent model of T2D, the Cohen diabetic sensitive (CDs) rat. The nutritionally induced diabetic CDs rat demonstrates several features of mitochondrial diseases: markedly reduced COX activity in several tissues, increased reactive oxygen production, decreased ATP generation, and increased lactate dehydrogenase expression in islets. Moreover, our data demonstrate that reduced islet-COX activity precedes the onset of diabetes, suggesting that islet-COX deficiency is the primary defect causing diabetes in this model. This review examines the possibility of including T2D as a primary mitochondrial-related disease. Understanding the critical interdependence between diabetes and mitochondrial dysfunction, centering on the role of COX, may open novel avenues to diagnose and treat diabetes in patients with mitochondrial diseases and mitochondrial dysfunction in diabetic patients.
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Walaa Yas Lahmood i Dhuha Mahdi Jabir. "Detection about fungal contamination in products milk in local and manufacturing yogurt and cheese in Al-Diwaniya city". International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences 11, nr 4 (21.12.2020): 8042–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.26452/ijrps.v11i4.4758.
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This study included random examination of milk products such as yogurt and cheese in both types the local and manufacturing milk product, to detect the fungal contamination in these products. Yogurt was a well source of essential nutrients such as protein, essential minerals (Ca, P, Mg, Zn, K) and vitamins such as B1, B9, B2 B12, B3. Yogurt increase the body product of cytokine, activity of phagocytic cell, antibodies, T- cell and natural killer cell, also it induced immune system against other diseases such as cancer, gastrointestinal and allergic syndrome. Caseins are the main protein in cheese; which exist in the form of aggregates after combination with colloidal calcium phosphate common knowledge as micelles of casein. Caseins in cheese are nutritionally rich due to the high supply of essential amino acids, phosphate and calcium. Samples taken from market of al-Diwaniya city about ten samples for each type, these samples cultured on SDA by use dilution method and after incubated found several types of fungi were appeared, such as Candida albicans the general average for it cell in 1 ml about 2.7×10^2(cell/ml) in samples of local yogurt, 7.6×10 (cell/ml) in samples of manufacturing yogurt, in cheese; about 1.8×10(cell/ml) in samples of local cheese and 1.3×10 in manufacturing cheese. The fungi also appeared in samples such as Penicillium notatum, Aspergillus flavus, Fusarium oxysporium, Trichoderma harzianum, the higher frequency rate was recorded in samples of local yogurt about 13.7%, 25.4%, 19.6%, 11.3% respectively.
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Miller, Vincent J., Frederick A. Villamena i Jeff S. Volek. "Nutritional Ketosis and Mitohormesis: Potential Implications for Mitochondrial Function and Human Health". Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism 2018 (2018): 1–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/5157645.
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Impaired mitochondrial function often results in excessive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and is involved in the etiology of many chronic diseases, including cardiovascular disease, diabetes, neurodegenerative disorders, and cancer. Moderate levels of mitochondrial ROS, however, can protect against chronic disease by inducing upregulation of mitochondrial capacity and endogenous antioxidant defense. This phenomenon, referred to as mitohormesis, is induced through increased reliance on mitochondrial respiration, which can occur through diet or exercise. Nutritional ketosis is a safe and physiological metabolic state induced through a ketogenic diet low in carbohydrate and moderate in protein. Such a diet increases reliance on mitochondrial respiration and may, therefore, induce mitohormesis. Furthermore, the ketoneβ-hydroxybutyrate (BHB), which is elevated during nutritional ketosis to levels no greater than those resulting from fasting, acts as a signaling molecule in addition to its traditionally known role as an energy substrate. BHB signaling induces adaptations similar to mitohormesis, thereby expanding the potential benefit of nutritional ketosis beyond carbohydrate restriction. This review describes the evidence supporting enhancement of mitochondrial function and endogenous antioxidant defense in response to nutritional ketosis, as well as the potential mechanisms leading to these adaptations.
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Gernat, A. A., J. Campbell, A. Fahrenholz i J. Grimes. "Evaluation of dietary spray-dried bovine plasma fed to turkeys during brooding on performance to market age". German Journal of Veterinary Research 3, nr 2 (lipiec 2023): 16–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.51585/gjvr.2023.2.0054.
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Commercial turkey production can experience an economic loss due to exposure of birds to stress. Turkeys can undergo various levels of stress, including, but not limited to, hatching, brooding/growing, and transport. Temperature, climate, heat, and cold stress are major livestock stressors associated with economic losses. Exposure to stress also causes an increased probability of infections and diseases that have a negative financial impact on production. In this study, Large White commercial turkey hens were reared for 12 weeks (wk) to evaluate their stress responses and performance alterations due to induced stress through a mimic of brooder house to grow-out transition. Parameters for performance, blood, and meat yield were recorded. Spray-dried bovine plasma (SDBP) was formulated iso-nutritionally into the diets. SDBP has been shown to be an ingredient in animal diets that may help support immune health and positively affect performance. This ingredient was used for a total of 6 wk in the starter and grower-1 diets at different inclusion percentages. Treatments included a control diet (0% SDBP), 1.0% (SDBP1), and 2.0% (SDBP2) inclusion. At 6 wk, common diets were fed (grower-2 and finisher-1). At 5 wk management-based stressors were applied for 24 hours (h): feed and water restriction and reduced house temperature. Previously used pine shavings were used for bedding. No significant variances were noted in body weight, weight gain, or feed consumption as a result of the different feed treatments. However, during the sixth week, the feed conversion ratio (FCR) was improved due to SDBP inclusion. The FCR for SDBP1 (1.90) and SDBP2 (1.97) birds was lower than that of the control diet-fed birds (2.04). No difference in FCR was observed at 12 wk. A significant difference was observed for corticosterone levels post-stress: SDBP1 (23.81 ng/mL) and SDBP2 (19.17 ng/mL) were higher than that of the control birds (16.40 ng/mL). Further research is needed to ascertain the impact of SDBP on the immune function and production of turkeys.
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Otemuyiwa, Israel Olusegun, Mary Funmilayo Williams i Steve Adeniyi Adewusi. "Antioxidant activity of health tea infusions and effect of sugar and milk on in-vitro availability of phenolics in tea, coffee and cocoa drinks". Nutrition & Food Science 47, nr 4 (10.07.2017): 458–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/nfs-08-2016-0134.
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Purpose Tea contains high content of phenolics which are well-known to act as antioxidants. As such, there are claims that the consumption of infusion of tea could help ameliorate free radical-induced diseases; this therapeutic activity would depend on the amount of phenolics that is soluble and the amount that is absorbed and available for metabolic activity when consumed. The purpose of this study is to analyze the content of phenolics and antioxidant activity of some health tea and also to study the effect of addition of sugar and milk on in-vitro availability of phenolics in tea, cocoa and coffee drinks. Design/methodology/approach Seven brands of health tea, two brands of cocoa drink, one brand each of coffee, powdered milk and sugar were selected. The tea samples were analyzed for pH, titratable acidity, total phenol and antioxidant activity using Folin–Ciocalteau and 202-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazil 28DPPH-29-20 reagents. In-vitro simulated digestion modeling stomach and small intestine were carried out on tea infusion, coffee and cocoa drinks with or without sugar, and phenolic availability was analyzed. Findings The result indicated that pH, titratable acidity and total phenolics ranged from 4.5 to 5.6, 0.167 to 0.837 (as maleic acid) and 1.15 to 1.17 mg/g gallic acid equivalent, respectively. Black tea recorded the highest phenolic content, in-vitro phenolic availability and antioxidant activity. Addition of sugar to black tea and chocolate drink caused a significant decrease in the in-vitro available phenolics, while the addition of milk leads to a significant enhancement. Research limitations/implications The data obtained in this study can be used nutritionally and commercially to show the impact of adding sugar or milk on the content of phenolics and their bioavailability in-vitro. The study justifies the claim that tea could help ameliorate free radical-induced health defects. Practical implications Assessment of antioxidant activity of food should not be based only on the content of total phenolics but on the amount that is bioavailable in the body system when the food is consumed. Social implications Consumption of tea, cocoa and coffee drinks with milk and sugar have been found to enhance or inhibit phenolics. Therefore, the optimum level of these additives should be determined if the drinks were meant for therapeutic purposes. Originality/value Results obtained may provide some useful information for considering the bioavailability of phenolics present in tea and beverages in view of consumption/digestion in our body as well as interference of sugar and milk as the additives.
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Lesourd, Bruno. "Immune response during disease and recovery in the elderly". Proceedings of the Nutrition Society 58, nr 1 (luty 1999): 85–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/pns19990013.
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The present article reviews immune ageing and its relationship with nutritional ageing, with a particular insight into the influences of disease on both ageing processes. Immune ageing can be described primarily as the progressive appearance of immune dysregulations, mainly acquired immunity (mature: immature, naive: memory T lymphocyte subset decreases) leading to gradual increases in T-helper 2: T-helper 1 cells. This change is due initially to decreased thymic function, and later to accumulative antigen pressure over the lifespan. In contrast, innate immunity (macrophage functions) is preserved during the ageing process and in the elderly this leads to macrophage–lymphocyte dysequilibrium, which is particularly critical during on-going disease. Indeed, any disease induces long-lasting acute-phase reactions in aged patients and leads to body nutritional reserve (mainly protein) losses. Episodes of disease in the aged patient progressively deplete body nutritional reserves and lead to protein–energy malnutrition, undernutrition-associated immunodeficiency, and finally cachexia. Undernutrition is a common symptom in the elderly; protein-energy malnutrition is found in more than 50 % of hospitalized elderly patients and in most elderly diseased subjects. In addition, micronutrient deficit or low levels are common in home-living self-sufficient apparently-healthy elderly subjects. All these nutritional deficits induce decreased immune responses, and micronutrient deficits are now thought to be partly responsible for the decreased immune responses (immune ageing?) observed in the apparently-healthy elderly. Indeed, several studies have shown that micronutrient supplements induce increased immune responses in the healthy elderly. The progression of infectious diseases depends on immune responses and on nutritional status before the onset of illness in aged subjects. In addition, recovery depends on the intensity of acute-phase responses in the undernourished elderly. In fact, chronic acute-phase responses, commonly associated with diseases in aged patients, lead to progressive lowering of metabolic responses in the undernourished elderly. This can be quantified by increased production of free radicals during treatment and these increases may explain the difficulty in successfully treating aged patients. Nutritive therapy in order to improve metabolic processes and also to maintain body reserves should be considered as a necessary adjuvant therapy in the treatment of elderly patients.
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Lillycrop, Karen A. "Effect of maternal diet on the epigenome: implications for human metabolic disease". Proceedings of the Nutrition Society 70, nr 1 (25.01.2011): 64–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0029665110004027.
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The rapid increase in the incidence of chronic non-communicable diseases over the past two decades cannot be explained solely by genetic and adult lifestyle factors. There is now considerable evidence that the fetal and early postnatal environment also strongly influences the risk of developing such diseases in later life. Human studies have shown that low birth weight is associated with an increased risk of CVD, type II diabetes, obesity and hypertension, although recent studies have shown that over-nutrition in early life can also increase susceptibility to future metabolic disease. These findings have been replicated in a variety of animal models, which have shown that both maternal under- and over-nutrition can induce persistent changes in gene expression and metabolism within the offspring. The mechanism by which the maternal nutritional environment induces such changes is beginning to be understood and involves the altered epigenetic regulation of specific genes. The demonstration of a role for altered epigenetic regulation of genes in the developmental induction of chronic diseases raises the possibility that nutritional or pharmaceutical interventions may be used to modify long-term cardio-metabolic disease risk and combat this rapid rise in chronic non-communicable diseases.
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Costacurta, Micaela, Michele Basilicata, Giulia Marrone, Manuela Di Lauro, Vincenzo Campolattano, Patrizio Bollero, Raffaella Docimo, Nicola Di Daniele i Annalisa Noce. "The Impact of Chronic Kidney Disease on Nutritional Status and Its Possible Relation with Oral Diseases". Nutrients 14, nr 10 (10.05.2022): 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu14102002.
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Several studies have demonstrated a strong relation between periodontal diseases and chronic kidney disease (CKD). The main mechanisms at the base of this link are malnutrition, vitamin dysregulation, especially of B-group vitamins and of C and D vitamins, oxidative stress, metabolic acidosis and low-grade inflammation. In particular, in hemodialysis (HD) adult patients, an impairment of nutritional status has been observed, induced not only by the HD procedures themselves, but also due to numerous CKD-related comorbidities. The alteration of nutritional assessment induces systemic manifestations that have repercussions on oral health, like oral microbiota dysbiosis, slow healing of wounds related to hypovitaminosis C, and an alteration of the supporting bone structures of the oral cavity related to metabolic acidosis and vitamin D deficiency. Low-grade inflammation has been observed to characterize periodontal diseases locally and, in a systemic manner, CKD contributes to the amplification of the pathological process, bidirectionally. Therefore, CKD and oral disease patients should be managed by a multidisciplinary professional team that can evaluate the possible co-presence of these two pathological conditions, that negatively influence each other, and set up therapeutic strategies to treat them. Once these patients have been identified, they should be included in a follow-up program, characterized by periodic checks in order to manage these pathological conditions.
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Zhidkova, Ekaterina M., Evgeniya S. Lylova, Diana D. Grigoreva, Kirill I. Kirsanov, Alena V. Osipova, Evgeny P. Kulikov, Sergey A. Mertsalov i in. "Nutritional Sensor REDD1 in Cancer and Inflammation: Friend or Foe?" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, nr 17 (26.08.2022): 9686. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23179686.
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Regulated in Development and DNA Damage Response 1 (REDD1)/DNA Damage-Induced Transcript 4 (DDIT4) is an immediate early response gene activated by different stress conditions, including growth factor depletion, hypoxia, DNA damage, and stress hormones, i.e., glucocorticoids. The most known functions of REDD1 are the inhibition of proliferative signaling and the regulation of metabolism via the repression of the central regulator of these processes, the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR). The involvement of REDD1 in cell growth, apoptosis, metabolism, and oxidative stress implies its role in various pathological conditions, including cancer and inflammatory diseases. Recently, REDD1 was identified as one of the central genes mechanistically involved in undesirable atrophic effects induced by chronic topical and systemic glucocorticoids widely used for the treatment of blood cancer and inflammatory diseases. In this review, we discuss the role of REDD1 in the regulation of cell signaling and processes in normal and cancer cells, its involvement in the pathogenesis of different diseases, and the approach to safer glucocorticoid receptor (GR)-targeted therapies via a combination of glucocorticoids and REDD1 inhibitors to decrease the adverse atrophogenic effects of these steroids.
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Cuthbertson, W. F. J. "Evolution of infant nutrition". British Journal of Nutrition 81, nr 5 (maj 1999): 359–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114599000641.
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Homo sapiens has developed during the course of over two million years. The social and physical conditions of life, the availability of milk and infant foods as well as the presence of diseases have all undergone radical transformations from the Stone Age, at first without and then with fire, to the hunter–gatherer, farmer–herder, agricultural and, now, developed societies. These changes in the human environment may have induced modifications in the length of pregnancy, the development of the neonate at birth, the duration of lactation, the composition of breast milk and use of weaning foods and milk substitutes. Darwinian selection for the nutrient, anti-infective and other components of breast milk may have been determined by the effects of nutrition, through genetic variations in milk composition, on the survival of infants and perhaps also on fecundity and disease resistance in later adult life. Today Darwinian selection may no longer be effective in maintaining or modifying human mammary function, because modern hygienic environments, together with the availability of nutritionally adequate breast-milk substitutes, permit infant survival even under conditions of total lactational failure. National and international promulgations strictly control the composition of infant formulas offered as breast-milk substitutes or as weaning foods. These recommendations are modified as beliefs suggest, and research indicates, the effects of nutrients and other factors on the health and well-being of the child. Preliminary observations on child health have often proved valuable in furthering research. Unquestioning acceptance of apparently desirable, but untested, epidemiological associations have led to unexpected but dangerous iatrogenic problems. Recommendations for change cannot safely be made without proper comparisons with present products and procedures under practical conditions. Such tests are time consuming and require protocols of appropriate statistical design and power while still meeting the required sociological and ethical constraints, but are essential to identify possible harmful effects of any proposed change. It is suggested that no novel ingredients should be added, or major changes permitted in any component, until appropriate trials have established the value and safety of the proposed modifications. Breast-feeding is vital to maximize infant survival in developing countries. There are major difficulties in assessing any differences in morbidity and mortality of breast-fed v. artificially reared infants in the developed world. Carefully controlled studies with comparisons of health and well-being, not only in infancy but throughout life, are desirable if the effects of infant nutrition on adult well-being, suggested by epidemiological studies, are to be validated and ultimately applied. There are considerable variations in the composition of breast milk. This variance suggests that it may ultimately be possible to design formulas better able to meet the needs of individual infants than the milk available from the mother's breast.
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Strum, Jay C., Jennifer H. Johnson, James Ward, Hongbo Xie, John Feild, Austin Hester, Alexander Alford i K. Michelle Waters. "MicroRNA 132 Regulates Nutritional Stress-Induced Chemokine Production through Repression of SirT1". Molecular Endocrinology 23, nr 11 (1.11.2009): 1876–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/me.2009-0117.
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Abstract Human adipose tissue secretes a number of proinflammatory mediators that may contribute to the pathophysiology of obesity-related disorders. Understanding the regulatory pathways that control their production is paramount to developing effective therapeutics to treat these diseases. Using primary human adipose-derived stem cells as a source of preadipocytes and in vitro differentiated adipocytes, we found IL-8 and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) are constitutively secreted by both cell types and induced in response to serum deprivation. MicroRNA profiling revealed the rapid induction of microRNA 132 (miR-132) in these cells when switched to serum-free medium. Furthermore, miR-132 overexpression was sufficient to induce nuclear factor-κB translocation, acetylation of p65, and production of IL-8 and MCP-1. Inhibitors of miR-132 decreased acetylated p65 and partially inhibited the production of IL-8 and MCP-1 induced by serum deprivation. MiR-132 was shown to inhibit silent information regulator 1 (SirT1) expression through a miR-132 binding site in the 3′-untranslated region of SirT1. Thus, in response to nutritional availability, induction of miR-132 decreases SirT1-mediated deacetylation of p65 leading to activation of nuclear factor-κB and transcription of IL-8 and MCP-1 in primary human preadipocytes and in vitro differentiated adipocytes.
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Nafeer, Sara Ameen, i Munaf Zalzala. "Possible Amelioration of the Severity of Nutritional Steatohepatitis by Guggulsterone in Mice". Iraqi Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences ( P-ISSN: 1683 - 3597 , E-ISSN : 2521 - 3512) 28, nr 1 (9.06.2019): 17–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.31351/vol28iss1pp17-23.
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Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become one of the most common chronic liver diseases worldwide, which characterized by steatosis, inflammation, and fibrosis. The aim of this designed study is to evaluate the ability of guggulsterone to prevent high fat diet induced steatohepatitis in mice. Five groups of male mice were selected and treated as the following: group I, mice had free access to standard commercial diet and considered as control group, group II, mice were fed a specially formulated high-fat diet for 12 weeks to induce non-alcoholic liver disease, while groups III, IV and V the mice were administered high fat diet containing guggulsterone at 500, 1000 and 2000 ppm concentration respectively for 12 weeks. Maintaining mice on fat rich diet only resulted in inducing the metabolic and histological NAFLD associated. While the treatment with guggulsterone significantly improves the evaluated markers. These results demonstrate guggulsterone may be useful in preventing the development of steatohepatitis.
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M Ames, J. "Dietary Maillard Reaction Products: Implications for Human Health and Disease". Czech Journal of Food Sciences 27, Special Issue 1 (24.06.2009): S66—S69. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/624-cjfs.
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When foods are heat processed, the sugars and lipids react with the proteins they contain via the Maillard and related reactions to form a wide range of products. As a result, the sensory, safety, nutritional and health-promoting attributes of the foods are affected. Reaction products include advanced glycation/lipoxidation endproducts (AGE/ALEs), acrylamide and heterocyclic amines (HAA), all of which may impact on human health and disease. Furthermore, some Maillard reaction products affect the growth of colonic bacteria and thermally-induced modification of dietary protein can affect allergenicity. This paper briefly reviews aspects of the Maillard reaction in food related to human health.
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AVNI, Y. "Thioacetamide-induced hepatic damage in a rat nutritional model of steatohepatitis". Hepatology Research 30, nr 3 (listopad 2004): 141–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.hepres.2004.08.004.
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Méndez-Sánchez, Nahum, Carlos E. Coronel-Castillo i Ana L. Ordoñez-Vázquez. "Current Therapies for Cholestatic Diseases". Biomedicines 11, nr 6 (15.06.2023): 1713. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines11061713.
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Cholestasis is a condition characterized by decrease in bile flow due to progressive pathological states that lead to chronic cholestatic liver diseases which affect the biliary tree at the intrahepatic level and extrahepatic level. They induce complications such as cirrhosis, liver failure, malignancies, bone disease and nutritional deficiencies that merit close follow-up and specific interventions. Furthermore, as those conditions progress to liver cirrhosis, there will be an increase in mortality but also an important impact in quality of life and economic burden due to comorbidities related with liver failure. Therefore, it is important that clinicians understand the treatment options for cholestatic liver diseases. With a general view of therapeutic options and their molecular targets, this review addresses the pathophysiology of cholangiopathies. The objective is to provide clinicians with an overview of the safety and efficacy of the treatment of cholangiopathies based on the current evidence.
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Weng, Wenfeng, Jun Yan, Meiliang Zhou, Xin Yao, Aning Gao, Chao Ma, Jianping Cheng i Jingjun Ruan. "Roles of Arbuscular mycorrhizal Fungi as a Biocontrol Agent in the Control of Plant Diseases". Microorganisms 10, nr 7 (22.06.2022): 1266. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms10071266.
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Arbuscularmycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are a class of beneficial microorganisms that are widely distributed in soil ecosystems and can form symbionts with 80% of terrestrial higher plants, and improve the nutritional status of plants. The use of AMF as a biocontrol method to antagonize soil-borne pathogens has received increasing interest from phytopathologists and ecologists. In this paper, the mechanisms of resistance to diseases induced by AMF and the application of AMF to plant fungal, bacterial, and nematode diseases have been summarized. This study aimed to enhance the potential use of AMF as a biological control method to prevent plant diseases in the future. Root morphological alteration characteristics were explained, including the influence of AMF on root structure, function, and the regulation of AMF via secondary metabolites. AMF can improve the rhizosphere environment by influencing the physical and chemical proprieties of soil, enhancing the growth of other beneficial microorganisms, and by competing with pathogenic microorganisms. Two microorganism types may compete for the same invasive sites in root systems and regulate nutrition distribution. AMF can induce the host plant to form defense systems, including improving phytohormone concentrations, inducing signal substrate production, gene expression regulation, and enhancing protein production.
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Nagy, Dániel Tamás, Béla Fülesdi i Judit Hallay. "Role of selenium in gastrointestinal inflammatory diseases". Orvosi Hetilap 154, nr 41 (październik 2013): 1636–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/oh.2013.29728.
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The cell-membrane toxicity of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) plays an increasing role in the pathomechanism of gastrointestinal tract diseases. Trace elements are important parts of antioxidant protecting system, especially the selenium (Se), which, in the form of glutathione peroxidase contributes to the immunity of the gut (GALT). Due to the absorptional disorders and consequent malnutrition observed in the course of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) an important role is associated with nutritional therapy, including energy-, protein- and trace element-support. Human studies show, that IBD is mostly accompanied by lower serum Se concentrations, reduced antoxidant and increased proinflammatory activity. Adequate Se-replacement may reduce the severity of organ failure and infections, but not mortality. However, it is encouraging that in animal studies obvious preventive effect of Se has been found on IBD and chronic inflammation induced colon cancer (CICC). Orv. Hetil., 154 (41), 1636–1640.
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Liang, Qiuli, i Bing Zhou. "Copper and Manganese Induce Yeast Apoptosis via Different Pathways". Molecular Biology of the Cell 18, nr 12 (grudzień 2007): 4741–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1091/mbc.e07-05-0431.
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Metal ions are essential as well as toxic to the cell. The mechanism of metal-induced toxicity is not well established. Here, for the first time we studied two essential nutritional elements, copper and manganese, for their apoptotic effects in yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Although beneficial at subtoxic levels, we demonstrated that at moderately toxic levels, both metals induce extensive apoptosis in yeast cells. At even higher concentrations, necrosis takes over. Furthermore, we investigated the molecular pathways mediating Cu- and Mn-mediated apoptotic action. Mitochondria-defective yeast exhibit a much reduced apoptotic marker expression and better survival under Cu and Mn stress, indicating mitochondria are involved in both Cu- and Mn-induced apoptosis. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are generated in high amounts in Cu- but not in Mn-induced cell death, and Cu toxicity can be alleviated by overexpression of superoxide dismutase 2, suggesting ROS mediate Cu but not Mn toxicity. Yeast metacaspase Yca1p is not involved in Cu-induced apoptosis, although it plays an important role in the Mn-induced process. A genetic screen identified Cpr3p, a yeast cyclophilin D homologue, as mediating the Cu-induced apoptotic program. Cpr3p mutant seems to eliminate Cu-induced apoptosis without affecting ROS production, while leaving necrosis intact. These results may provide important insight into a detailed understanding at the molecular and cellular level of metal toxicity and metal accumulation diseases.
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Ma, Sihui, Takaki Tominaga, Kazue Kanda, Kaoru Sugama, Chiaki Omae, Shunsuke Hashimoto, Katsuhiko Aoyama, Yasunobu Yoshikai i Katsuhiko Suzuki. "Effects of an 8-Week Protein Supplementation Regimen with Hyperimmunized Cow Milk on Exercise-Induced Organ Damage and Inflammation in Male Runners: A Randomized, Placebo Controlled, Cross-Over Study". Biomedicines 8, nr 3 (4.03.2020): 51. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines8030051.
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Prolonged strenuous exercise may induce inflammation, cause changes in gastrointestinal permeability, and lead to other unfavorable biological changes and diseases. Nutritional approaches have been used to prevent exercise-induced inflammatory responses and gastrointestinal disorders. Hyperimmunized milk, obtained by immunizing cows against specific antigens, promotes the development of immunity against pathogens, promotes anti-inflammatory effects, and protects intestinal function. Immune protein (IMP) is a concentrated product of hyperimmunized milk and is a more promising means of supplementation to protect against acute infections and inflammation. To determine whether IMP has protective properties against exercise-induced gastrointestinal dysfunction and inflammation, we examined biochemical markers, intestinal damage markers, and pro-/anti-inflammatory profiles of young male runners using a randomized, placebo controlled, cross-over design. Urine samples were collected and used for measurements of creatinine, N-acetyl-β-d-glucosaminidase, osmotic pressure, and specific gravity. Titin was measured as a muscle damage marker. Further, urine concentrations of complement 5a, calprotectin, fractalkine, myeloperoxidase, macrophage colony-stimulating factor, monocyte chemotactic protein-1, intestinal fatty acid binding protein (I-FABP), interferon (IFN)-γ, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-1 receptor antagonist, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12p40, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. We demonstrated that urine osmotic pressure, urine specific gravity, I-FABP, IFN-γ, IL-1β, and TNF-α were reduced by 8 weeks of IMP supplementation, indicating that IMP may have potential in preventing strenuous exercise-induced renal dysfunction, increased intestinal permeability, and inflammation. Thus, IMP supplementation may be a feasible nutritional approach for the prevention of unfavorable exercise-induced symptoms.
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Güngör, Sedef. "Dietary Acid Load and Relationship with Diseases". International Journal of Science and Healthcare Research 9, nr 3 (22.07.2024): 98–116. http://dx.doi.org/10.52403/ijshr.20240314.
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The acid-base balance of the human body is influenced by the nutritional intake and dietary composition of individuals. It is of paramount importance to maintain this equilibrium for the optimal health of humans. The body receives acid or alkaline precursors from dietary intake. In general, the consumption of animal-based foods results in an acid load, whereas the consumption of plant-based foods contributes to an alkaline load. Diets high in dietary acid load cause a state of diet-induced metabolic acidosis, which is associated with the development of cardiometabolic diseases. The significance of dietary acid-base balance in the context of cardiometabolic diseases, which have emerged as a significant contributor to global morbidity, is now being acknowledged in the literature. The objective of this review is to examine the existing evidence concerning the relationship between dietary acid load and chronic diseases and metabolic disorders, as well as the potential mechanisms underlying their development. Keywords: Dietary acid load, non-communicable diseases, potential renal acid load, net endogenous acid production
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Korivi, Mallikarjuna, i Betty Revon Liu. "Novel and Practical Approaches to Manage Diet-induced Metabolic Disorders: Part-I". Current Pharmaceutical Design 26, nr 39 (10.11.2020): 4953–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/138161282639201110165712.
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Metabolic syndrome (MetS) which is caused by poor dietary habits and sedentary behavior is a serious global health problem. MetS is a cluster of risk factors, represented by central obesity, hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, and hypertension. In the 21st century, MetS and associated comorbidities, including obesity, diabetes and cardiovascular diseases, are the major threats to human health. Practical dietary strategies, nutritional bioactive compounds and a healthy lifestyle are claimed to be efficient in the management of one or more components of MetS. Nevertheless successful management of MetS and commodities is still a major concern. Since hyperglycemia, inflammation and redox imbalance are intrinsically involved in the progression of MetS comorbidities, finding effective strategies that precisely target these systems is highly warranted. In this scenario, pharmacological and non-pharmacological approaches with or without dietary patterns, phytochemicals or exercise interventions are the practical strategies to combat MetS and associated diseases. However, designing and prescribing of optimal nutritional patterns and exercise regimens remains a big challenge to achieve the maximum beneficial effects. This thematic issue addressed the concerns and provided practical strategies to overcome the malady of MetS in the modern world.
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Kariburyo, Mohamed Shabani, Lauri Andress, Alan Collins i Paul Kinder. "Place Effects and Chronic Disease Rates in a Rural State: Evidence from a Triangulation of Methods". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, nr 18 (14.09.2020): 6676. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17186676.
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High rates of chronic diseases and increasing nutritional polarization between different income groups in the United States are issues of concern to policymakers and public health officials. Spatial differences in access to food are mainly blamed as the cause for these nutritional inequalities. This study first detected hot and cold spots of food providers in West Virginia and then used those places in a quasi-experimental method (entropy balancing) to study the effects of those places on diabetes and obesity rates. We found that although hot spots have lower rates of chronic diseases than non-hot spots and cold spots have higher rates of chronic diseases than non-cold spots—the situation is complicated. With the findings of income induced chronic disease rates in urban areas, where most hot spots are located, there is evidence of another case for "food swamps." However, in cold spots which are located mainly in rural areas, higher rates of chronic diseases are attributed to a combination of access to food providers along with lacking the means (i.e., income for low-income households) to form healthier habits.
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Hennig, Bernhard, Michael C. Petriello, Mary V. Gamble, Young-Joon Surh, Laura A. Kresty, Norbert Frank, Nuchanart Rangkadilok, Mathuros Ruchirawat i William A. Suk. "The role of nutrition in influencing mechanisms involved in environmentally mediated diseases". Reviews on Environmental Health 33, nr 1 (28.03.2018): 87–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/reveh-2017-0038.
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AbstractHuman exposure to environmental contaminants such as persistent chlorinated organics, heavy metals, pesticides, phthalates, flame retardants, electronic waste and airborne pollutants around the world, and especially in Southeast Asian regions, are significant and require urgent attention. Given this widespread contamination and abundance of such toxins as persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in the ecosystem, it is unlikely that remediation alone will be sufficient to address the health impacts associated with this exposure. Furthermore, we must assume that the impact on health of some of these contaminants results in populations with extraordinary vulnerabilities to disease risks. Further exacerbating risk; infectious diseases, poverty and malnutrition are common in the Southeast Asian regions of the world. Thus, exploring preventive measures of environmental exposure and disease risk through new paradigms of environmental toxicology, optimal and/or healthful nutrition and health is essential. For example, folic acid supplementation can lower blood arsenic levels, and plant-derived bioactive nutrients can lower cardiovascular and cancer risks linked to pollutant exposure. Data also indicate that diets enriched with bioactive food components such as polyphenols and omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids can prevent or decrease toxicant-induced inflammation. Thus, consuming healthy diets that exhibit high levels of antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, is a meaningful way to reduce the vulnerability to non-communicable diseases linked to environmental toxic insults. This nutritional paradigm in environmental toxicology requires further study in order to improve our understanding of the relationship between nutrition or other lifestyle modifications and toxicant-induced diseases. Understanding mechanistic relationships between nutritional modulation of environmental toxicants and susceptibility to disease development are important for both cumulative risk assessment and the design and implementation of future public health programs and behavioral interventions.
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Winter, Aimee N., Erika K. Ross, Vamsi Daliparthi, Whitney A. Sumner, Danielle M. Kirchhof, Evan Manning, Heather M. Wilkins i Daniel A. Linseman. "A Cystine-Rich Whey Supplement (Immunocal®) Provides Neuroprotection from Diverse Oxidative Stress-Inducing Agents In Vitro by Preserving Cellular Glutathione". Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity 2017 (2017): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/3103272.
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Oxidative stress is a principal mechanism underlying the pathophysiology of neurodegeneration. Therefore, nutritional enhancement of endogenous antioxidant defenses may represent a viable treatment option. We investigated the neuroprotective properties of a unique whey protein supplement (Immunocal®) that provides an essential precursor (cystine) for synthesis of the endogenous antioxidant, glutathione (GSH). Primary cultures of rat cerebellar granule neurons (CGNs), NSC34 motor neuronal cells, or HT22 hippocampal cells were preincubated in medium containing Immunocal and then subsequently treated with agents known to induce oxidative stress. Immunocal protected CGNs against neurotoxicity induced by the Bcl-2 inhibitor, HA14-1, the nitric oxide donor, sodium nitroprusside, CuCl2, and AlCl3. Immunocal also significantly reduced NSC34 cell death due to either H2O2 or glutamate and mitigated toxicity in HT22 cells overexpressing β-amyloid1-42. The neuroprotective effects of Immunocal were blocked by inhibition of γ-glutamyl-cysteine ligase, demonstrating dependence on de novo GSH synthesis. These findings indicate that sustaining GSH with Immunocal significantly protects neurons against diverse inducers of oxidative stress. Thus, Immunocal is a nutritional supplement worthy of testing in preclinical animal models of neurodegeneration and in future clinical trials of patients afflicted by these diseases.
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Antonelli, Elisabetta, Gabrio Bassotti, Marta Tramontana, Katharina Hansel, Luca Stingeni, Sandro Ardizzone, Giovanni Genovese, Angelo Valerio Marzano i Giovanni Maconi. "Dermatological Manifestations in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases". Journal of Clinical Medicine 10, nr 2 (19.01.2021): 364. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm10020364.
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Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) may be associated with extra-intestinal manifestations. Among these, mucocutaneous manifestations are relatively frequent, often difficult to diagnose and treat, and may complicate the course of the underlying disease. In the present review, a summary of the most relevant literature on the dermatologic manifestations occurring in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases has been reviewed. The following dermatological manifestations associated with IBDs have been identified: (i) specific manifestations with the same histological features of the underlying IBD (occurring only in Crohn’s disease); (ii) cutaneous disorders associated with IBDs (such as aphthous stomatitis, erythema nodosum, psoriasis, epidermolysis bullosa acquisita); (iii) reactive mucocutaneous manifestations of IBDs (such as pyoderma gangrenosum, Sweet’s syndrome, bowel-associated dermatosis-arthritis syndrome, aseptic abscess ulcers, pyodermatitis–pyostomatitis vegetans, etc.); (iv) mucocutaneous conditions secondary to treatment (including injection site reactions, infusion reactions, paradoxical reactions, eczematous and psoriasis-like reactions, cutaneous infections, and cutaneous malignancies); (v) manifestations due to nutritional malabsorption (such as stomatitis, glossitis, angular cheilitis, pellagra, scurvy, purpura, acrodermatitis enteropathica, phrynoderma, seborrheic-type dermatitis, hair and nail abnormalities). An accurate dermatological examination is essential in all IBD patients, especially in candidates to biologic therapies, in whom drug-induced cutaneous reactions may assume marked clinical relevance.
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Bai, Lin, Yue Zhou, Jie Zhang i Junpeng Ma. "The Role of a Ketogenic Diet in the Treatment of Dementia in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus". Nutrients 15, nr 8 (19.04.2023): 1971. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu15081971.
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Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) shares a common molecular mechanism and underlying pathology with dementia, and studies indicate that dementia is widespread in people with T2DM. Currently, T2DM-induced cognitive impairment is characterized by altered insulin and cerebral glucose metabolism, leading to a shorter life span. Increasing evidence indicates that nutritional and metabolic treatments can possibly alleviate these issues, as there is a lack of efficient preventative and treatment methods. The ketogenic diet (KD) is a very high-fat, low-carbohydrate diet that induces ketosis in the body by producing a fasting-like effect, and neurons in the aged brain are protected from damage by ketone bodies. Moreover, the creation of ketone bodies may improve brain neuronal function, decrease inflammatory expression and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and restore neuronal metabolism. As a result, the KD has drawn attention as a potential treatment for neurological diseases, such as T2DM-induced dementia. This review aims to examine the role of the KD in the prevention of dementia risk in T2DM patients and to outline specific aspects of the neuroprotective effects of the KD, providing a rationale for the implementation of dietary interventions as a therapeutic strategy for T2DM-induced dementia in the future.
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Axarlis, Konstantinos, Maria G. Daskalaki, Sofia Michailidou, Nikolais Androulaki, Antiopi Tsoureki, Evangelia Mouchtaropoulou, Ourania Kolliniati i in. "Diet Supplementation with Fish-Derived Extracts Suppresses Diabetes and Modulates Intestinal Microbiome in a Murine Model of Diet-Induced Obesity". Marine Drugs 19, nr 5 (11.05.2021): 268. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/md19050268.
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Metabolic syndrome-related diseases affect millions of people worldwide. It is well established that changes in nutritional habits and lifestyle can improve or prevent metabolic-related pathologies such as type-2 diabetes and obesity. Previous reports have shown that nutritional supplements have the capacity to limit glucose intolerance and suppress diabetes development. In this study, we investigated the effect of dietary supplementation with fish-derived extracts on obesity and type 2 diabetes and their impact on gut microbial composition. We showed that nutritional supplements containing Fish Complex (FC), Fish Complex combined with Cod Powder (FC + CP), or Cod Powder combined with Collagen (CP + C) improved glucose intolerance, independent of abdominal fat accumulation, in a mouse model of diet-induced obesity and type 2 diabetes. In addition, collagen-containing supplements distinctly modulate the gut microbiome in high-fat induced obesity in mice. Our results suggest that fish-derived supplements suppress diet-induced type 2 diabetes, which may be partly mediated through changes in the gut microbiome. Thus, fish-derived supplements and particularly the ones containing fish collagen have potential beneficial properties as dietary supplements in managing type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome via modulation of the gut microbiome.
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Rattan, Suresh I. S. "Increased molecular damage and heterogeneity as the basis of aging". Biological Chemistry 389, nr 3 (1.03.2008): 267–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/bc.2008.030.
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Abstract Aging at the molecular level is characterized by the progressive accumulation of molecular damage. The sources of damage act randomly through environmental and metabolically generated free radicals, through spontaneous errors in biochemical reactions, and through nutritional components. However, damage to a macromolecule may depend on its structure, localization and interactions with other macromolecules. Damage to the maintenance and repair pathways comprising homeodynamic machinery leads to age-related failure of homeodynamics, increased molecular heterogeneity, altered cellular functioning, reduced stress tolerance, diseases and ultimate death. Novel approaches for testing and developing effective means of intervention, prevention and modulation of aging involve means to minimize the occurrence and accumulation of molecular damage. Mild stress-induced hormesis by physical, biological and nutritional methods, including hormetins, represents a promising strategy for achieving healthy aging and for preventing age-related diseases.
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Zulkanain, Izzati Nur, Sharaniza Ab-Rahim, Siti Nazrina Camalxaman i Musalmah Mazlan. "Medium-chain fatty acids in nutritional therapy: A review". Malaysian Journal of Fundamental and Applied Sciences 16, nr 3 (15.06.2020): 318–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.11113/mjfas.v16n3.1610.
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Medium-Chain Fatty Acids (MCFA) are saturated fats with aliphatic rings of 6-12 carbons. It is widely accepted that the metabolism of MCFA induces ketogenesis in the liver. Ketone bodies have been suggested to produce larger amounts of energy compared to glucose. Its benefit in providing an alternative source of energy has been as one of the strategies to prevent disease development especially those diseases that are associated with glucose metabolism or mitochondrial dysfunction. The current review highlights the nutritional impacts of MCFA and its utilization in disease therapy.
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Josse, Marie, Eve Rigal, Nathalie Rosenblatt-Velin, Luc Rochette, Marianne Zeller, Charles Guenancia i Catherine Vergely. "Programming of Cardiovascular Dysfunction by Postnatal Overfeeding in Rodents". International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, nr 24 (11.12.2020): 9427. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21249427.
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Nutritional environment in the perinatal period has a great influence on health and diseases in adulthood. In rodents, litter size reduction reproduces the effects of postnatal overnutrition in infants and reveals that postnatal overfeeding (PNOF) not only permanently increases body weight but also affects the cardiovascular function in the short- and long-term. In addition to increased adiposity, the metabolic status of PNOF rodents is altered, with increased plasma insulin and leptin levels, associated with resistance to these hormones, changed profiles and levels of circulating lipids. PNOF animals present elevated arterial blood pressure with altered vascular responsiveness to vasoactive substances. The hearts of overfed rodents exhibit hypertrophy and elevated collagen content. PNOF also induces a disturbance of cardiac mitochondrial respiration and produces an imbalance between oxidants and antioxidants. A modification of the expression of crucial genes and epigenetic alterations is reported in hearts of PNOF animals. In vivo, a decreased ventricular contractile function is observed during adulthood in PNOF hearts. All these alterations ultimately lead to an increased sensitivity to cardiac pathologic challenges such as ischemia-reperfusion injury. Nevertheless, caloric restriction and physical exercise were shown to improve PNOF-induced cardiac dysfunction and metabolic abnormalities, drawing a path to the potential therapeutic correction of early nutritional programming.
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Lu, YiDan, XiaoGu Liu i Song Zheng. "The effects of nutritional ketosis induced by Bigu-herbs regimen and ketogenic diet on diseases and aging". Traditional Medicine Research 5, nr 5 (2020): 322–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.53388/tmr20200324169.
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Weyant, Christopher, Margaret L. Brandeau, Marshall Burke, David B. Lobell, Eran Bendavid i Sanjay Basu. "Anticipated burden and mitigation of carbon-dioxide-induced nutritional deficiencies and related diseases: A simulation modeling study". PLOS Medicine 15, nr 7 (3.07.2018): e1002586. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1002586.
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Chi, Liang, Bei Gao, Pengcheng Tu, Chih-Wei Liu, Jingchuan Xue, Yunjia Lai, Hongyu Ru i Kun Lu. "Individual susceptibility to arsenic-induced diseases: the role of host genetics, nutritional status, and the gut microbiome". Mammalian Genome 29, nr 1-2 (luty 2018): 63–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00335-018-9736-9.
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Wang, Zhongmin, Yixuan Zhou, Xia Xiao, Aowen Liu, Shengnan Wang, Roger J. S. Preston, Yekaterina Y. Zaytseva i in. "Inflammation and cardiometabolic diseases induced by persistent organic pollutants and nutritional interventions: Effects of multi-organ interactions". Environmental Pollution 339 (grudzień 2023): 122756. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122756.
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Yu, Jin, Hong Zhu, Saeid Taheri, William Mondy, Stephen Perry i Mark S. Kindy. "Plant-Based Nutritional Supplementation Attenuates LPS-Induced Low-Grade Systemic Activation". International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, nr 2 (8.01.2021): 573. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22020573.
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Plant-based nutritional supplementation has been shown to attenuate and reduce mortality in the processes of both acute and chronic disorders, including diabetes, obesity, cardiovascular disease, cancer, inflammatory diseases, and neurological and neurodegenerative disorders. Low-level systemic inflammation is an important contributor to these afflictions and diets enriched in phytochemicals can slow the progression. The goal of this study was to determine the impact of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation on changes in glucose and insulin tolerance, performance enhancement, levels of urinary neopterin and concentrations of neurotransmitters in the striatum in mouse models. Both acute and chronic injections of LPS (2 mg/kg or 0.33 mg/kg/day, respectively) reduced glucose and insulin tolerance and elevated neopterin levels, which are indicative of systemic inflammatory responses. In addition, there were significant decreases in striatal neurotransmitter levels (dopamine and DOPAC), while serotonin (5-HT) levels were essentially unchanged. LPS resulted in impaired execution in the incremental loading test, which was reversed in mice on a supplemental plant-based diet, improving their immune function and maintaining skeletal muscle mitochondrial activity. In conclusion, plant-based nutritional supplementation attenuated the metabolic changes elicited by LPS injections, causing systemic inflammatory activity that contributed to both systemic and neurological alterations.
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Yu, Jin, Hong Zhu, Saeid Taheri, William Mondy, Stephen Perry i Mark S. Kindy. "Plant-Based Nutritional Supplementation Attenuates LPS-Induced Low-Grade Systemic Activation". International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, nr 2 (8.01.2021): 573. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22020573.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Plant-based nutritional supplementation has been shown to attenuate and reduce mortality in the processes of both acute and chronic disorders, including diabetes, obesity, cardiovascular disease, cancer, inflammatory diseases, and neurological and neurodegenerative disorders. Low-level systemic inflammation is an important contributor to these afflictions and diets enriched in phytochemicals can slow the progression. The goal of this study was to determine the impact of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation on changes in glucose and insulin tolerance, performance enhancement, levels of urinary neopterin and concentrations of neurotransmitters in the striatum in mouse models. Both acute and chronic injections of LPS (2 mg/kg or 0.33 mg/kg/day, respectively) reduced glucose and insulin tolerance and elevated neopterin levels, which are indicative of systemic inflammatory responses. In addition, there were significant decreases in striatal neurotransmitter levels (dopamine and DOPAC), while serotonin (5-HT) levels were essentially unchanged. LPS resulted in impaired execution in the incremental loading test, which was reversed in mice on a supplemental plant-based diet, improving their immune function and maintaining skeletal muscle mitochondrial activity. In conclusion, plant-based nutritional supplementation attenuated the metabolic changes elicited by LPS injections, causing systemic inflammatory activity that contributed to both systemic and neurological alterations.
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De Francesco, Sara, Chiara Amitrano, Ermenegilda Vitale, Giulia Costanzo, Mariagabriella Pugliese, Cecilia Arrichiello, Gianluca Ametrano, Paolo Muto, Carmen Arena i Veronica De Micco. "Growth, Anatomical, and Biochemical Responses of the Space Farming Candidate Brassica rapa L. Microgreens to Low-LET Ionizing Radiation". Horticulturae 9, nr 4 (1.04.2023): 452. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae9040452.
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An adequate and balanced diet is fundamental in preserving the health of astronauts from several space-induced diseases. Therefore, the integration of a diet with fresh food, rich in bioactive compounds such as microgreens produced directly onboard, may be useful in space for human nutrition. However, ionizing radiation (IR) in space represents a significant hindrance for organisms, with potential critical outcomes on plant morpho-anatomical, eco-physiological, and biochemical aspects, depending on the plant and IR features (e.g., species, developmental stage, IR dose, and type). In this study, we analyzed the effect of different doses of X-rays (0-control, 0.3, 1, 10, 20, and 30 Gy) on the morpho-anatomical and nutritional traits of microgreens of Brassica rapa L., irradiated at the stage of germinated seeds. After the irradiation, microgreens were cultivated in controlled conditions. At harvest, the morpho-biometric traits were analyzed, along with the leaf functional anatomical traits and the phytochemical content of the aboveground biomass. The results showed that X-ray exposure does not induce detrimental effects on growth, while it stimulates the production of antioxidants, improving plant defense and nutritional value. The overall results support the idea of using this species in space as a supplemental functional food.
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Dudukchyan, D. A., D. K. Sarkisyan i D. N. Andreev. "<I>Helicobacter pylori</I> infection and dermatological diseases". Meditsinskiy sovet = Medical Council, nr 8 (6.06.2024): 43–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.21518/ms2024-232.
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Helicobacter pylori (H. Pylori), microaerophilic spiral-shaped Gram-negative bacteria which colonize the gastric mucosa of human population, is the leading causal factor in the development of a whole range of diseases of the gastroduodenal region (chronic gastritis, gastric and duodenal ulcer disease, MALT lymphoma and gastric adenocarcinoma). Since the discovery of H. pylori infection and the identification of its leading role in the development of a range of gastroenterological diseases, researchers have begun to actively study the potential trigger significance of this pathogen in the development of extragastric pathology. At the epidemiological level, H. pylori infection has been shown to be frequently associated with skin diseases such as rosacea, acne, chronic urticaria and psoriasis, although the clinical significance of these associations remains clouded. In fact, recent meta-analytic studies (2019–2024) demonstrate an increased risk of developing the above diseases in H. pylori-infected individuals with odds ratios ranging from 1.19 to 3.00. On the other hand, not all studies have showed that eradication therapy of this microorganism helps reduce the clinical severity of symptoms of skin diseases, which is hypothetically explained only by the trigger role of infection within the complex pathogenesis. In a modern light, such associations can be viewed in terms of pathogenetic findings through the implementation of the syndrome of increased epithelial permeability (SIEP). The chronic gastritis caused by H. pylori infection is believed to lead to increased permeability of the epithelial lining of the stomach, as well as the walls of the mucosal vessels and a higher exposure of bacterial and nutritional antigens in the systemic circulation, which can induce both local release of inflammatory mediators in tissues and systemic immunological reactions (autoimmune and inflammatory processes, formation of molecular mimicry-induced immune complexes and cross-reactive antibodies).