Gotowe bibliografie tematyczne / Nutritional knowledge

Gotowa bibliografia na temat „Nutritional knowledge”

Autor: Grafiati
Data publikacji: 4 czerwca 2021
Data aktualizacji: 20 lutego 2023

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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat "Nutritional knowledge"

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Irnani, Hayda, i Tiurma Sinaga. "Pengaruh pendidikan gizi terhadap pengetahuan, praktik gizi seimbang dan status gizi pada anak sekolah dasar". Jurnal Gizi Indonesia (The Indonesian Journal of Nutrition) 6, nr 1 (29.12.2017): 58–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/jgi.6.1.58-64.

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Background : The prevalence of nutritional problem in school aged children was high, beside Indonesia has Nutritional Balance Guidelines. Socialization of this guidelines in nutrition education and nutrition practice to be applied is very important to do in school aged children.Objective: Analyze nutrition education effect on nutritional knowledge, nutritional practice and nutritional status in Elementary school children.Methods: This study used pra experimental with one group pretest-posttest design. This study was conducted in March – April 2017 in SDN Paringin 2 South Kalimantan. Subjects consisted of 61 students that choosen purposively. The research divided into 4 phases. First phase was pretest, second phase were intervention and first post test of nutritional knowledge, third phase was observation of nutrtitional practice, and the last phase was post test.Result: Nutrition education increased the category of nutritional knowledge from poor to fair. Nutrition education did not increase nutritional practice significantly yet. Nutritional status showed changes in every category and most of the subjects were normal. The difference test showed that nutrition education has a significant difference on pre test and first post test of nutrition knowledge (p=0.000; p<0.05), energy intake (p=0.002; p<0.05), protein intake (p=0.001; p<0.05), and fat intake (p=0.007; p<0.05). The correlation test showed that there were no significant correlation between sujects’ characteristic with nutritional status and food consumption (p>0.05), nutritional knowledge with nutritional status and nutritional practice(p>0.05), except second post test of nutritional knowledge with fourth nutritional practice observation (p=0.001; p<0.05). Conclusions: There was an increased of nutritional knowledege from poor categorize to fair categorize after the intervention. There were increased and decreased on nutritional practice after intervention. There was no significant different of nutritional status before and after intervention.
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Botsis, Aline E., i Shelley L. Holden. "Nutritional Knowledge of College Coaches". Sport Science Review 24, nr 3-4 (1.08.2015): 193–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ssr-2015-0015.

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Abstract Nutrition is recognized as an integral component to achieving optimal athletic performance. Even with the increase in sports nutrition research, athletes continually exhibit a lack of knowledge, which is cause for concern (Jacobson & Aldana, 1992; Jacobson, Sobonya, & Ransone, 2001; Rosenbloom, Jonnalagadda, & Skinner, 2002; Torres-McGehee et al., 2012). Moreover, coaches are a primary source of information to their athletes, but research is limited regarding the adequacy of their nutritional knowledge. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the nutritional knowledge of college coaches using the validated 88 item Sports Nutrition Questionnaire by Caryn Zinn. Twentyone coaches from a Division I National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) institution in the southeastern United States participated. The sample consisted of 16 males and five females. Sports represented were basketball (n=5), cross country and track (n=5), football (n=6), soccer (n=2), softball (n=1), and volleyball (n=2). Results revealed college coaches do not have adequate nutritional knowledge. Only one participant obtained a score about 70% (M=55%). Results indicate coaches may not be an appropriate source of information to their athletes but more research needs to be conducted in the area to further assess collegiate coaches’ nutritional knowledge.
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Pawlas, Agnieszka, Agnieszka Bielaszka, Wiktoria Staśkiewicz, Anna-Maria Stelmach, Agata Kiciak i Marek Kardas Marek Kardas. "Nutritional knowledge and nutritional status of the recreationally active population". Journal of Education, Health and Sport 12, nr 7 (4.07.2022): 330–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.12775/jehs.2022.12.07.031.

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Introduction. Adequate nutrition combined with physical activity is the foundation of a healthy lifestyle. Recreational sportspersons should know how to adjust their nutrition to physical activity in order to benefit their health. The aim of the study was to assess the nutritional knowledge of recreationally active people and to assess the influence of BMI and gender on the level of nutritional knowledge. Material and methods. The study was conducted with the use of 200 participants aged 15-55 years living in the city of Katowice. The respondents were physically active at least 3 times a week for at least 1 hour. Nutritional knowledge was assessed through a self-administered questionnaire. Nutritional status was assessed by means of the BMI index, and for its assessment, the ranges recommended by the World Health Organization were adopted. Results. Most of the respondents - 33.5% (n=77) declared that they practiced weight training, 15.5% (n=31) attended group fitness classes, 14.5% (n=29) practiced running, fewer people practiced team sports and cycling. The nutrition knowledge of the majority of the respondents was at a sufficient level (n=136), 44 respondents had good nutrition knowledge and 22 respondents had insufficient nutrition knowledge. None of the respondents had very good nutrition knowledge. More than 70% of respondents had normal BMI (n=142), more than 25% (n=51) were overweight, and 7 subjects had BMI values below normal. Conclusions. There was no relationship between gender, BMI, and level of nutritional knowledge. The study shows that there is a need for nutritional education for recreational sportsmen.
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Turğut, Mine ,., Taner Bozkuş, Murat ,. Özmekik i Şükran Kocakulak. "Examination of Nutritional Knowledge Levels and Nutritional Attitudes of Badminton Athletes". Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences 15, nr 12 (30.12.2021): 3550–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs2115123550.

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Aim: This study aimed to examine the nutritional knowledge levels and nutritional attitudes of badminton athletes in Turkey. Method: The screening model was used in our research. After giving preliminary information about the survey to the participants, a total of 207 volunteer athletes (92 (44.4%) female and 115 (55.6%) male athletes) participated in the study voluntarily. In the research, a personal information form was used in the first part, and a nutrition questionnaire consisting of two main parts was applied in the nutrition-related part. The first part of the nutrition questionnaire measured the nutritional knowledge level of the participants, and the second part measured their nutritional attitudes. The data obtained for the research were first transferred to the computer environment and then analyzed through the SPSS 22.0 package program. Results: According to the results of the study, it was observed that the nutritional attitude values of the female participants were higher than the males, and this difference was found to be statistically significant (p<0.05). Considering the nutritional attitudes of the national athletes according to the being national athlete status variable of the participants, it was determined that the mean scores were higher than the non-national athletes and this situation was statistically significant (p<0.05). Conclusion: When the results were examined, it was observed that the athletes who took nutrition lessons had higher nutritional knowledge and attitudes than those who did not, and national athletes had higher nutritional knowledge and attitudes than non-national athletes. The fact that national athletes can be in the camp environment at an early age and work with experts was inevitably beneficial for their nutritional knowledge and attitude. Keywords: Badminton, Nutrition Knowledge and Attitude
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Magnus, Marcia. "An Evaluation of the Therapeutic Nutrition Knowledge of Belizean Nurses". New Medical Innovations and Research 2, nr 1 (22.02.2021): 01–07. http://dx.doi.org/10.31579/jnmir.2021/004.

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In Belize, patients rely on nurses for nutritional guidance on non-communicable diseases in the Caribbean. The objectives of this study were to quantify the therapeutic nutritional knowledge of 198 Belizean nurses using the Al-Shwaiyat questionnaire. The mean correct response rate for the therapeutic nutritional knowledge was suboptimal (53.30%±17.20). Nurses in the West region of the country had the highest mean knowledge scores on nutrition and diabetes 75.41±20.10, p=0.003; on nutrition and cardiovascular diseases 57.23±10.90, p=0.000; and in overall knowledge 62.34±9.76 p=0.000. Nurses without a diagnosis of diabetes had higher mean knowledge scores on a) nutrition and diabetes 63.86±26.07, p=0.001; b) nutrition and obesity questions 49.55±20.80, p=0.004; c) nutrition and cardiovascular disease 53.30±15.70, p=0.007 and d), overall mean 55.24±16.67, p=0.000. There is a need to address the low levels of knowledge of Belizean nurses.
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Fitri, Juliani, i Rini Sartika. "KNOWLEDGE AND MOTIVATION LEVEL RELATIONSHIP MOTHER ABOUT BALANCED NUTRITION WITH STATUS NUTRITION IN PRESCHOOL AGE CHILDREN 3-6 YEARS AT KEMIRI PUSKESMAS TANGERANG DISTRICT". Journal of Vocational Nursing 2, nr 2 (30.10.2021): 119. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/jovin.v2i2.30701.

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ABSTRACTBackground: Nutrition and health problems characterized by the use of unbalanced food are significant problems for most of the population, including children. In the world and in Indonesia, they are experiencing environmental challenges due to the 3 burdens of malnutrition which may worsen due to the Covid-19 pandemic. Children can face various kinds of malnutrition due to poor eating patterns, parenting applications that are not optimal. The government has determined stunting as one of the priority programs. Preschool-aged children are included in the nutritionally vulnerable group of people, namely the group of people who are most susceptible to nutritional disorders, while at this time they are experiencing a relatively rapid growth process. One of the significant aspects that affect the nutritional status of children is the aspect of mother's knowledge about nutrition in children. Objective : This study aims to determine the level of knowledge of the relationship between the level of knowledge and motivation of mothers about balanced nutrition with nutritional status in preschool children aged 3-6 years. Methods: This research is quantitative in nature using correlational descriptive techniques with a cross sectional approach. The population in this study was 100 people and the number of samples taken using the Slovin formula was 80 people using purposive sampling technique. This study uses univariate and bivariate analysis with Chi Square test. Results: based on univariate analysis of 80 people the majority with a high level of knowledge as many as 61 people (76.3%), sufficient motivation as many as 62 people (77.5%) and nutritional status normal children as many as 37 children (46.3%). The results of the bivariate analysis with the chi square test were obtained for the level of knowledge with nutritional status p-value 0.026, and the results of the bivariate analysis of mother's motivation with nutritional status p-value 0.006, it can be concluded that there is a relationship between the level of knowledge and motivation of mothers about balanced nutrition with the nutritional status of children aged preschool 3-6 years. Conclusion: there is a relationship between the level of knowledge and motivation of mothers about balanced nutrition with the nutritional status of preschool children aged 3-6 years.Keywords : Knowledge,Motivation,Nutritional Status
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Masitah, Ravi, Eti Poncorini Pamungkasari i Suminah Suminah. "THE EFFECTIVENESS OF ANIMATION VIDEO TO INCREASE ADOLESCENTS’ NUTRITIONAL KNOWLEDGE". Media Gizi Indonesia 15, nr 3 (18.09.2020): 199. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/mgi.v15i3.199-204.

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Nutritional needs are important for adolescent to accelerate growth. Good nutritional knowledge in adolescent can help them to consume healthy foods and prevent nutritional problems. Nutrition education with animation video is a great eff ort to improve adolescent nutritional knowledge. The use of attractive, eff ective and effi cient media ease adolescent to understand the nutrition material delivered. The objective of this research was to analyzes adolescent nutritional knowledge after given animation video. This research was quasi experimental with a nonequivalent control group design. There were 84 eeadolescents as research subjects chosen with purposive sampling technique. Animation video was given one time every week for one month with the duration of each video for seven minutes. The data was analyzed using Wilcoxon signed-rank. The results of study showed that nutrition education using animation video gave a positive infl uence on nutritional knowledge of adolescent (p=0.000). Animation video can be used as educational media to improve adolescent nutritional knowledge.
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Vrkatić, Aleksandra, Maja Grujičić, Jelena Jovičić-Bata i Budimka Novaković. "Nutritional Knowledge, Confidence, Attitudes towards Nutritional Care and Nutrition Counselling Practice among General Practitioners". Healthcare 10, nr 11 (7.11.2022): 2222. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/healthcare10112222.

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Nutritional care represents any practice provided by a health professional, aimed to improve the patient’s health outcomes by influencing patient’s dietary habits. Clearly, dietitians are the ones supposed to provide top-quality nutrition care, but their services are often inaccessible to many for various reasons. This obliges general practitioners (GPs) in primary health care to provide nutritional counselling to their patients to a certain extent. Preconditions to successful nutritional counselling are GPs with adequate nutritional knowledge, positive attitudes towards nutrition and nutritional care, self-confident and competent in nutritional counselling. Therefore, the aim of this review is to summarise currently available information on nutritional knowledge, confidence and attitudes towards nutritional care and nutrition counselling practice of GPs, as well as barriers towards provision of nutritional counselling. GPs do not consistently obtain satisfying results in nutrition knowledge assessments and their self-confidence in nutrition counselling skills varies. Studies suggest that nutritional counselling practice still has not met its full potential, and GPs frequently report various barriers that impair nutritional counselling practice. Thus, health policies that help overcome barriers and create stimulating environment for GPs to implement nutrition counselling strategies efficiently are the key to improving quality and quantity of nutritional counselling.
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Rahmawati, Wenny, i Dwi Norma Retnaningrum. "The Role of Mothers Knowledge Regarding Nutritional Needs of Toddlers Nutritional Status". Jurnal MID-Z (Midwivery Zigot) Jurnal Ilmiah Kebidanan 5, nr 2 (30.11.2022): 139–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.56013/jurnalmidz.v5i2.1638.

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The issue of nutrition is set as an essential point in the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). One of the SDGs targets related to nutrition is that by 2030 all forms of malnutrition in children under five must end. The incidence of malnutrition in children under five is strongly influenced by the knowledge of parents. Knowledge of nutrition is an essential provision for mothers to provide balanced nutrition for their toddlers. The purpose of the study was to prove the role of mother's knowledge regarding nutritional needs on nutritional status of children under five in Sukomulyo Village. The research design is correlational analytic approach cross sectional Data was collected on 74 mothers who have toddlers using stratified random sampling technique. The results of the study showed that the mother's knowledge about nutritional needs was mostly (50%) sufficient. Most of the nutritional status of children under five (66.2%) is good.test Spearman rank obtained the rs value of 0.405 and the p value (sig.) = 0.000 < 0.05. Researchers suggest the need for mothers of toddlers to further increase their knowledge about the nutritional needs of toddlers, so that the nutritional status of toddlers can be improved even more and can prevent malnutrition.
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Tzelatis i Mougios. "Nutritional Knowledge of Water Polo Players". Proceedings 25, nr 1 (20.09.2019): 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2019025039.

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AIM: The critical role of nutrition in athletes’ performance is widely accepted, and water polo players are no exception. However, there are no studies about their adequate knowledge of proper nutrition. Thus, the purpose of this study was to assess the nutritional knowledge of water polo players. MATERIAL & METHOD: We examined 30 male and 11 female water polo players of the A1 Greek national league, aged 16-37. Participants answered the “General Nutrition Knowledge Questionnaire” (Kliemann et al., Eur J Clin Nutr 70: 1174–1180, 2016) consisting of 86 questions on general nutrition knowledge. Results were analyzed with descriptive statistics and with the χ2 test to examine gender differences. RESULTS: Participants answered correctly 59% and incorrectly 41% of the questions. The majority of false answers were about the role of fruits and vegetables, body composition, fats, nutritional supplements, salt, the energy content of food, micronutrients, sugar-containing foods, alcohol, the glycemic index, and whole-grain foods. Males performed significantly better in 2 questions compared to females (which combination of vegetables had more vitamins and which of chip choices is lower in fat). CONCLUSIONS: Water polo players had satisfactory knowledge on general nutrition, with males performing slightly better than females. However, they should receive further education on nutrition by experts in order to clarify misconceptions that still exist.
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Rozprawy doktorskie na temat "Nutritional knowledge"

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Litzenberg, Jennifer M. "Nutritional knowledge of athletes perceived vs. actual nutritional awareness /". Virtual Press, 2006. http://www.oregonpdf.org.

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Anderson, Rhonda Margaret, i n/a. "Nutritional Assessment and Nutritional Knowledge of Lifesavers, Ironmen and Lifeguards". Griffith University. School of Health Science, 2001. http://www4.gu.edu.au:8080/adt-root/public/adt-QGU20051116.121748.

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Despite surf lifesavers being national icons of good health and good nutrition, surprisingly little factual information is known about the nutritional status of this unique aquatic fellowship. The purpose of this study was to investigate the nutritional intake and nutritional knowledge of three distinct groups of Australian surf lifesavers. Weighed food diaries are commonly used to assess the nutritional intake of athletes but this method has the disadvantage of a heavy respondent burden. Individuals being investigated must be literate and highly motivated to keep accurate records of food and drinks consumed. Food frequency questionnaires (FFQ) offer an alternative assessment method to weighed food records as they are relatively quick and easy to complete and do not require a high level of literacy. A secondary purpose of this study was to compare seven-day weighed food diaries with a FFQ that had already been validated for use with an older mixed gender population. The nutrient intakes of 60 members of Surf Lifesaving Australia were measured. Nineteen, who were professional lifeguards completed a FFQ. Thirty lifesavers and 11 surf ironmen each completed the FFQ, a seven-day weighed food diary and a nutritional knowledge questionnaire consisting of 15 multiple choice questions. There were significant differences between the three groups in age and activity with ironmen being significantly younger (mean age 22.9yrs) and significantly more physically active (mean 134mins/day) than either lifesavers (mean age, 31.3yrs, mean activity 46min/day) or lifeguards (mean age 35.8yrs, mean activity 65min/day). There were no significant differences in these parameters between lifesavers and lifeguards. The seven-day food diary revealed significant differences in nutrient intake between lifesavers and ironmen. Lifesavers consumed 1 1,807kJ, 125g protein (1.6g/kg) and 327g carbohydrate (4.Og/kg) while ironmen consumed 14,69/kJ, 1519 protein (1.9g/kg) and 4629 carbohydrate (5.6g/kg). Lifesavers and ironmen exceeded the RDIs for all vitamins and minerals measured. The seven day food diary demonstrated significant differences between the lifesavers and ironmen in energy, protein, fat, carbohydrate, alcohol, thiamin, niacin, calcium and iron. When the nutrient analysis data set for the FFQ was checked this method of dietary assessment was found to be unreliable as greater than 20 per cent of subjects were identified as being under-reporters. Lifesavers and ironmen both had good scores on the nutritional knowledge questionnaire and were able to identify groups of foods as being rich sources of fat, fibre, protein and iron. Ironmen were better able to answer questions specifically related to sport nutrition. All three groups meet the current recommendations for daily physical activity. Lifesavers and ironmen meet the current recommendations for, protein, fibre, vitamin and mineral intake and consume alcohol at levels within the current health guidelines. Ironmen have the highest carbohydrate intake which meets the current general health recommendations but consume less than the current special recommendations of sport nutritionists while lifesavers consume only 44% of energy as carbohydrate. These results suggest that while the both lifesavers and ironmen consume a relatively healthy diet only the surf ironmen could possibly be considered nutritional icons.
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Anderson, Rhonda Margaret. "Nutritional Assessment and Nutritional Knowledge of Lifesavers, Ironmen and Lifeguards". Thesis, Griffith University, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/366820.

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Despite surf lifesavers being national icons of good health and good nutrition, surprisingly little factual information is known about the nutritional status of this unique aquatic fellowship. The purpose of this study was to investigate the nutritional intake and nutritional knowledge of three distinct groups of Australian surf lifesavers. Weighed food diaries are commonly used to assess the nutritional intake of athletes but this method has the disadvantage of a heavy respondent burden. Individuals being investigated must be literate and highly motivated to keep accurate records of food and drinks consumed. Food frequency questionnaires (FFQ) offer an alternative assessment method to weighed food records as they are relatively quick and easy to complete and do not require a high level of literacy. A secondary purpose of this study was to compare seven-day weighed food diaries with a FFQ that had already been validated for use with an older mixed gender population. The nutrient intakes of 60 members of Surf Lifesaving Australia were measured. Nineteen, who were professional lifeguards completed a FFQ. Thirty lifesavers and 11 surf ironmen each completed the FFQ, a seven-day weighed food diary and a nutritional knowledge questionnaire consisting of 15 multiple choice questions. There were significant differences between the three groups in age and activity with ironmen being significantly younger (mean age 22.9yrs) and significantly more physically active (mean 134mins/day) than either lifesavers (mean age, 31.3yrs, mean activity 46min/day) or lifeguards (mean age 35.8yrs, mean activity 65min/day). There were no significant differences in these parameters between lifesavers and lifeguards. The seven-day food diary revealed significant differences in nutrient intake between lifesavers and ironmen. Lifesavers consumed 1 1,807kJ, 125g protein (1.6g/kg) and 327g carbohydrate (4.Og/kg) while ironmen consumed 14,69/kJ, 1519 protein (1.9g/kg) and 4629 carbohydrate (5.6g/kg). Lifesavers and ironmen exceeded the RDIs for all vitamins and minerals measured. The seven day food diary demonstrated significant differences between the lifesavers and ironmen in energy, protein, fat, carbohydrate, alcohol, thiamin, niacin, calcium and iron. When the nutrient analysis data set for the FFQ was checked this method of dietary assessment was found to be unreliable as greater than 20 per cent of subjects were identified as being under-reporters. Lifesavers and ironmen both had good scores on the nutritional knowledge questionnaire and were able to identify groups of foods as being rich sources of fat, fibre, protein and iron. Ironmen were better able to answer questions specifically related to sport nutrition. All three groups meet the current recommendations for daily physical activity. Lifesavers and ironmen meet the current recommendations for, protein, fibre, vitamin and mineral intake and consume alcohol at levels within the current health guidelines. Ironmen have the highest carbohydrate intake which meets the current general health recommendations but consume less than the current special recommendations of sport nutritionists while lifesavers consume only 44% of energy as carbohydrate. These results suggest that while the both lifesavers and ironmen consume a relatively healthy diet only the surf ironmen could possibly be considered nutritional icons.
Thesis (Masters)
Master of Philosophy (MPhil)
School of Health Sciences
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Shakkour, Enas. "The Relationship Between Nutritional Knowledge and Application". Lynchburg, Va. : Liberty University, 2007. http://digitalcommons.liberty.edu.

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D, Fleming Anne H. "The effect of nutritional knowledge on nutritional intake in individuals with heart failure". Connect to this title online, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1811/182.

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Senior Honors Thesis (Nursing)--Ohio State University, 2004.
Title from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages; contains 23 p.; also includes graphics Includes bibliographical references (p. 22-23 ). Available online via Ohio State University's Knowledge Bank.
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Molnar, Kimberly A. "High school football player's nutritional knowledge and application". Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2006. https://eidr.wvu.edu/etd/documentdata.eTD?documentid=4499.

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Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2006.
Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains vii, 81 p. : ill. (some col.). Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references.
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Dias, Carla Antónia Teixeira. "Nutritional supplements: knowledge and behaviors of portuguese athletes". Bachelor's thesis, [s.n.], 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10284/5844.

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Trabalho Complementar apresentado à Universidade Fernando Pessoa como parte dos requisitos para obtenção do grau de licenciada em Ciências da Nutrição
Introduction: Supplementation is a practice that has gained popularity among athletes, especially in elite individuals, related with increased physical demands. Several are the reasons for taking nutritional supplements, related to health or sports performance. Objective: To assess the prevalence of nutritional supplements in athletes, including: the type of supplements use, sources of information and main reasons for their usage. Methods: Ninety two athletes (n=92) (41.3% female and 58.7% male) of five different sports participated voluntarily. A thirty-one questionnaire was used characterizing the prevalence of supplement use, sources of information and the main reasons for consumption. Data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (IBM SPSS Statistics) version 22 for Windows. Mean and standard deviation were used for continuous variables and proportions for categorical variables. T-tests and Chi-square were applied and the significant level used was 5% (p < 0.05). Results: Only 24 athletes (26.1%) consumed nutritional supplements with a mean of 3 supplements per athletes. Multivitaminics/minerals and protein supplements were the most used (50.0%) and significant associations were found between protein usage and age, gender and education. The main reasons for taking supplements were related to sports performance and the principal source of information was the physician (45.8%) followed by him/herself (20.8%). Twelve significant associations were found between the most consumed supplements and the reasons for taking. The presence of a healthy diet (60.3%) was the main reason for not taking supplements. Conclusion: Few athletes in this study used supplements, and the level of competition can be one of the factors for this result. Errors were found liking the reasons and the type of supplement, which can be related with the adviser. This error shows the necessity for education about this theme at all the engaging parts around the athletes’ life.
Introdução: A toma de suplementos é uma prática que cada vez mais ganha popularidade entre os atletas, principalmente em atletas de elite, estando relacionado com o aumento das exigências físicas. São várias as razões da toma de suplementos, quer a nível da saúde, quer a nível do desempenho desportivo e esta prática muitas vezes é guiada por fontes não credíveis. Objetivo: avaliar a prevalência de suplementos em atletas incluindo o tipo de suplementos consumidos, as fontes de informação e as rasões para a sua toma. Métodos: Noventa e dois atletas (41,3% do sexo feminino e 58,7% do sexo masculino) de cinco modalidades diferentes participaram voluntariamente. Foi utilizado um questionário com trinta e uma questões caracterizando a prevalência do uso de suplementos, as fontes de informação e as principais razões para o consumo. Os dados recolhidos foram analisados através do Statistical Package for Social Sciences (IBM SPSS Statistics) versão 22 para o Windows. Para as variáveis contínuas foi calculada a média e o desvio padrão e percentagens para as variáveis categóricas. Teste t-student foi aplicado nas variáveis contínuas e o de qui-quadrado para as categóricas e foi utilizado um nível de significância de 5%. Resultados: Apenas 24 atletas (26,1%) consumiam suplementos, com uma média de três suplementos por atleta. Os suplementos mais consumidos foram os multivitamínicos/minerais e os suplementos de proteína (50%) e foram encontradas associações significativas entre o consumo de proteína e a idade, sexo e escolaridade. As razões mais citadas estavam relacionadas com o desempenho desportivo, e a principal fonte de informação foi o médico (45,8%) seguido pelo próprio (20.8%). Foram encontradas doze associações significativas entre os suplementos mais consumidos e as razões para o seu consumo. A presença de uma alimentação saudável (60,3%) foi o principal motivo para o não consumo de suplementos. Conclusão: Foram poucos os atletas da amostra que tomavam suplementos, sendo o nível de competição um dos possíveis fatores para esta prevalência. Foram encontrados erros de concordância entre o consumo de suplementos e a razão para a sua toma, podendo estar relacionado com a sua fonte de informação. Estes erros demonstram a necessidade de educação acerca este tema a todas as partes envolventes na vida desportiva do atleta.
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Brown, Melissa. "Assessment of nutritional knowledge, behaviour and BMI of Primary Care-Givers with children under the age of 18 years". Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2011. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_8415_1366189949.

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Research suggests that parents&rsquo
feeding practices play a critical role in the development of children&rsquo
s tastes, eating habits, nutrition and eventual weight status. Thus if parental feeding practices play such a critical role, the question arises as to whether there is a difference in parental feeding practices that determine different developments in children&rsquo
s nutritional habits. Furthermore, feeding practices are possibly based on the nutritional knowledge of parents. The aim of this study was to assess the Body Mass Index (BMI), nutritional knowledge and behaviour of primary care-givers. This study followed the quantitative research paradigm. A sample of 147 staff members, who were primary care- givers of children at a University in the Western Cape was self-selected to participate in the study. Only primary care-givers of children were invited to participate. The primary care-givers were asked to complete two online questionnaires, the Comprehensive Child Feeding Questionnaire (CFPQ) developed by Musher-E-Eisenman and Holub (2007), and the General Nutritional Knowledge Questionnaire (GNKQ) for adults. Data analysis was done by means of the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS17). Results indicated that the majority of participants were overweight (46% of the participants). Primary care-givers across all body mass index groups did not lack nutritional knowledge but variations in behaviour were found with regard to feeding practices. However similarities were found in the BMI categories in the areas of teaching about nutrition, pressure to eat at meal times
and encouraging balance and variety.

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Yoon, Hae Jin. "Consumers’ Food Choice at a Restaurant Depending on Nutritional Information and Nutritional Menu Context". The Ohio State University, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1250266713.

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Flanders, Lisa S. "Nutritional knowledge and infant feeding decisions of pregnant women". Virtual Press, 1998. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1115735.

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The aim of this research was to examine differences in general nutrition knowledge and prenatal sources of infant feeding information among women planning to feed breast milk, breast-milk substitutes, or a combination of breast milk and breast-milk substitutes. Subjects completed a demographic survey, a test of nutrition knowledge, and a questionnaire on sources of infant feeding information. There were no statistical differences in age, education, and nutrition knowledge scores among women in the three groups. A significant relationship was observed between education and nutrition knowledge; women who had attended college courses scored higher.003) on the nutrition knowledge test than those who had not attended. Health care providers (82%) and reading materials (82%) were the most frequently cited sources of infant feeding information. While general nutrition knowledge appears to be positively related to education, it does not appear to influence the infant feeding decision.
Department of Family and Consumer Sciences
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Książki na temat "Nutritional knowledge"

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1952-, MacDonald Ian, Zeisel Steven H i International Life Sciences Institute, red. Present knowledge in nutrition. Ames, Iowa: International Life Sciences Institute, 2012.

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Brown Bowman, Barbara Ann, 1954-, Russell Robert 1941- i International Life Sciences Institute-Nutrition Foundation., red. Present knowledge in nutrition. Wyd. 8. Washington, D.C: ILSI Press, International Life Sciences Institute, 2001.

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Erdman, John W. Present knowledge in nutrition. Ames, Iowa: International Life Sciences Institute, 2012.

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Tarabella, Angela, i Barbara Burchi. Aware Food Choices: Bridging the Gap Between Consumer Knowledge About Nutritional Requirements and Nutritional Information. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-23856-2.

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Catherine, Jones, red. Nutrition and well-being for vulnerable adults: Underpinning knowledge for frontline workers in adult social care. Brighton: Pavilion Publ., 2010.

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Phillips, Cathryn. Diet and nutritional information: A survey of attitudes and knowledge in Reading. Reading: Department of Agricultural Economics and Management, University of Reading, 1986.

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Douglas, Lynne. Nutritional knowledge of elite Scottish athletes from nine sports: A research study for the Scottish Sports Council. Edinburgh: Scottish Sports Council, 1992.

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Douglas, Lynne. Nutritional knowledge of elite Scottish athletes from nine sports: A research study for the Scottish Sports Council. Edinburgh: Scottish Sports Council, 1992.

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Simpson, J. A. Carol. Nutritional knowledge of fourteen year old pupils and their food consumption in the Western Area schools of Northern Ireland. [s.l: The Author], 1990.

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Delhi, India) National Conference on Agrochemicals (4th 2014 New. Agrochemicals for ensuring food and nutritional security for the nation: Knowledge and strategy paper released at 4th National Agrochemicals Conference 2014, August, 2014. New Delhi: Federation of Indian Chambers of Commerce and Industry, 2014.

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Części książek na temat "Nutritional knowledge"

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Waterland, Robert A. "Nutritional Epigenetics". W Present Knowledge in Nutrition, 14–26. Oxford, UK: Wiley-Blackwell, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119946045.ch2.

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Holst, Mette, i Anne Marie Beck. "Nutritional Assessment, Diagnosis, and Treatment in Geriatrics". W Perspectives in Nursing Management and Care for Older Adults, 31–50. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-63892-4_3.

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AbstractThe purpose of this chapter is to share knowledge about terminology and best practice approaches for the nutrition care process, including nutritional screening, assessment, diagnosis, intervention, and monitoring. This will focus on nutrition care for older adults with or at risk of malnutrition, in their own home, hospital, or caring facilities.
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Santy-Tomlinson, Julie, Celia V. Laur i Sumantra Ray. "Delivering Interprofessional Education to Embed Interdisciplinary Collaboration in Effective Nutritional Care". W Perspectives in Nursing Management and Care for Older Adults, 159–69. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-63892-4_12.

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AbstractPrevious and forthcoming chapters describe how to improve nutrition care with an emphasis on interdisciplinary approaches. Developing and improving the skills and knowledge of the interdisciplinary team through interprofessional education are essential for embedding evidence-based, collaborative, nutritional care. This capacity building in turn supports delivery of effective nutritional care for older adults.
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Turrini, Aida. "Food Coding in Nutritional Surveys". W Studies in Classification, Data Analysis, and Knowledge Organization, 361–66. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-60126-2_45.

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Lausen, B. "Generalized Regression Trees Applied to Longitudinal Nutritional Survey Data". W Classification and Knowledge Organization, 467–74. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-59051-1_49.

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Roigk, Patrick, i Fabian Graeb. "Malnutrition Prevention". W Perspectives in Nursing Management and Care for Older Adults, 51–64. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-63892-4_4.

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AbstractA healthy nutritional intake is required to prevent malnutrition. Furthermore, nutrition is associated with improved quality of life in older adults. Simultaneously, many factors influence nutritional intake in later life. Onset and progression of acute or chronic diseases and a reduced dietary intake play a crucial role in developing malnutrition. Malnutrition is associated with poor outcomes such as pressure injury, increased length of hospital stays and increased mortality. The aim of the chapter is to increase the nutritional-based knowledge of the interdisciplinary team to prevent malnutrition in all its forms. Therefore, this chapter offers evidence-based information to support interdisciplinary prevention of malnutrition in older adults across diverse healthcare settings.
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Tarabella, Angela, i Barbara Burchi. "Diet and Nutritional Requirements". W Aware Food Choices: Bridging the Gap Between Consumer Knowledge About Nutritional Requirements and Nutritional Information, 19–30. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-23856-2_3.

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Kanwar, Rajesh, Jerry C. Olson i Elizabeth L. Chung. "Do Nutritional Knowledge and Depth of Processing Influence the Recall of Nutritional Information?" W Proceedings of the 1991 Academy of Marketing Science (AMS) Annual Conference, 7–11. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-17049-7_2.

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Dev, Rahul, Venkatesan Kannan, M. Suresh Kumar, Devi Dayal i Rohit Patel. "Grewia Species: Diversity, Distribution, Traditional Knowledge and Utilization". W Wild Fruits: Composition, Nutritional Value and Products, 395–426. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-31885-7_31.

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Jousset, Alexandre, i Mohammadhossein Ravanbakhsh. "Microbiome and Plant Nutritional Value: Current Knowledge and Management". W Microbial Biofertilizers and Micronutrient Availability, 197–206. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-76609-2_10.

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Streszczenia konferencji na temat "Nutritional knowledge"

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Bagus hidayat, Cahya Tri, i Happy Firmansyah. "PARENTAL NUTRITIONAL KNOWLEDGE AND NUTRITIONAL STATUS OF PRE SCHOOL CHILDREN (3 -5 YEARS OLD)". W THE 4th INTERNATIONAL NURSING CONFERENCE “LIFE CYCLE APPROACH FOR SUCCESSFUL AGING”. Universitas Muhammadiyah Jember, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.32528/inc.v0i0.2716.

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Mardiana i Yulianto. "Nutrition Education of Booklet Media on Knowledge and Nutritional Intake of Obese Adolescents in Palembang". W First International Conference on Health, Social Sciences and Technology (ICOHSST 2020). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.210415.025.

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Ding, Maggie, i Yu Sun. "An Intelligent and Data Driven Mobile Platform for Early Childhood Development using Machine Learning and Data Mining". W 7th International Conference on Software Engineering and Applications (SOFEA 2021). Academy and Industry Research Collaboration Center (AIRCC), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5121/csit.2021.111616.

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In China almost 96 million children live in rural areas. Some of these children suffer from malnutrition since parents or guardians do not have knowledge of nutritional plans or how to calculate nutritional values. However, most of the Chinese population has access to a mobile device. This paper proposes a mobile application, which runs on the IOS and Android platforms, to calculate nutritional values and recommend a nutritional menu. EZ Nutrition and Education is a mobile app that targets millions of parents and caregivers in rural China and provides a solution to the regions’ early childhood underdevelopment problems. It provides recommendations for healthy meals and age-appropriate educational activities, measures children’s daily intake of calories and macro-nutrients (protein, carbs, and fats), and provides a way to have fun through activities that teach skills and values so as to prevent the underdevelopment of rural children’s physical, intellectual and mental growth. We applied our application to a group of participants (ages 6-12) and conducted a qualitative evaluation of the approach. The results show that the nutritional calculator feature can help parents improve the nutritional health of their children. Though two of the underweight participants lost weight and two of the overweight participants gained weight while using the recommended nutritional plan, we believe that the recommended nutritional menu could be an excellent feature for this application after we adjust some of the parameters since some parents claimed they could not follow the recommended menus.
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Martinovski, Sasko, i Fani Gulevska. "Business Model of Consumer Behavior with Included Nutritional Determinant". W 7th International Scientific Conference ERAZ - Knowledge Based Sustainable Development. Association of Economists and Managers of the Balkans, Belgrade, Serbia, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31410/eraz.s.p.2021.109.

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The success of the operations of the companies that work with food products depends a lot on having information about the consumer purchasing decisions, and based on that, inclusion of marketing strategies that will ensure their success. Business models of consumer behavior can an­swer these important questions. The inclusion of nutritional determinants in these models is significant, and the model will provide answers to the extent of its impact on consumer behavior. Scope of the study within this paper is an applied original modeling concept for creating business models of consumer behavior when buying food products, where special empha­sis is given to the nutritional properties of food products, i.e. in addition to other known determinants, the model includes a new determinant called nutritional. The model is built on several principles using modern informa­tion technologies, and one of the important principles is to provide greater clarity for a full understanding of the process involved in the model with integrated self-explanatory functionality. The model was partially imple­mented with data obtained from several surveys conducted in our research, and as outputs of the model, a set of customer responses were obtained.
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Feng, Yang, i Gaoping Wang. "Study on Ontology-Based Knowledge Base Model for Nutritional Evaluation". W 2010 International Conference on Intelligent Computation Technology and Automation (ICICTA). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icicta.2010.539.

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Hu, Jiahui, Zhisheng Huang, Wei Chen, Pei Lou, Wanqing Zhao, Kuanda Yao i An Fang. "Relationships Discovery between Nutritional Disorders and Gut Microbiota with Knowledge Graphs". W ISAIMS 2021: 2nd International Symposium on Artificial Intelligence for Medicine Sciences. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3500931.3500954.

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Asna, Alfi Fairuz, Mayang Erianti, Muh Nur Hasan Syah i Arindah Nur Sartika. "Household food availability, maternal nutritional knowledge, and stunting in elementary students". W THE 4TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON LIFE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY (ICoLiST). AIP Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0106965.

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Kumari, Chandresh, Parveen Chauhan i Saurabh Kulshrestha. "Nutritional characterization of Moringa oleifera leaves collected from North Indian habitat". W DIDACTIC TRANSFER OF PHYSICS KNOWLEDGE THROUGH DISTANCE EDUCATION: DIDFYZ 2021. AIP Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0080641.

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Mahdiyah, Mutiara Dahlia, S. A. Hakim, Kasyifaturrahmah, Fildzah Rudyah i Putri. "The Roles of Nutritional Knowledge on Culinary Students in Pandemic Covid-19". W Conference on Broad Exposure to Science and Technology 2021 (BEST 2021). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/aer.k.220131.054.

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Nur, Nadia, Dian Siregar i Rita Herawati. "Body Image and Nutritional Knowledge with Nutritional Status Among Adolescent Girls in SMA Negeri I Bandar, Bener Meriah District, Aceh Province". W Proceedings of the Third Andalas International Public Health Conference, AIPHC 2019, 10-11th October 2019, Padang, West Sumatera, Indonesia. EAI, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4108/eai.9-10-2019.2297230.

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Raporty organizacyjne na temat "Nutritional knowledge"

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Rao, Nitya, Sheetal Patil, Maitreyi Koduganti, Chandni Singh, Ashwin Mahalingam, Prathijna Poonacha i Nishant Singh. Sowing Sustainable Cities: Lessons for Urban Agriculture Practices in India. Indian Institute for Human Settlements, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.24943/ssc12.2022.

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Despite growing interest and recognition of urban and peri-urban agriculture (UPA) as a nature- based solution, there is limited empirical evidence in countries like India on its role in reconfiguring goals on environmental functions (such as biodiversity, waste management, water recycling, micro-climate regulation, etc.) and social wellbeing (such as food and nutrition security, gender relations, work burdens, land tenure and community ties). A need to address this gap led to the ideation of the project ‘Urban and peri-urban agriculture as green infrastructures’ ( UPAGrI ). When UPAGrI started in 2019, the research on UPA in India was thin but growing. However, the practical experience of urban farming across Indian cities is thriving and diverse, built on decades of bottom-up experimentation. Within the landscape of our ever-changing cities, we found vibrant communities-of-practice sharing seeds and knowledge, engaged online influencers discussing composting and water reuse, and stories of farming becoming sites of multi-generational bonding and nutritional security. This compendium is a collection of 29 such innovative UPA practices from across the different cities in the country. These diverse case studies are loosely categorized into four themes: environment and sustainability; food, nutrition and livelihood; gender and subjective well-being; and urban policy and planning. Written mostly by practitioners themselves, the case studies collectively recognise and celebrate UPA innovations and practices, serving as a repository of lessons for peer-to-peer learning, and demonstrating how UPA can be one of the many solutions towards sustainable, liveable Indian cities.
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Rao, Nitya. Sowing Sustainable Cities: Lessons for Urban Agriculture Practices in India. Indian Institute for Human Settlements, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.24943/ssc12.2023.

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Despite growing interest and recognition of urban and peri-urban agriculture (UPA) as a nature- based solution, there is limited empirical evidence in countries like India on its role in reconfiguring goals on environmental functions (such as biodiversity, waste management, water recycling, micro-climate regulation, etc.) and social wellbeing (such as food and nutrition security, gender relations, work burdens, land tenure and community ties). A need to address this gap led to the ideation of the project ‘Urban and peri-urban agriculture as green infrastructures’ ( UPAGrI ). When UPAGrI started in 2019, the research on UPA in India was thin but growing. However, the practical experience of urban farming across Indian cities is thriving and diverse, built on decades of bottom-up experimentation. Within the landscape of our ever-changing cities, we found vibrant communities-of-practice sharing seeds and knowledge, engaged online influencers discussing composting and water reuse, and stories of farming becoming sites of multi-generational bonding and nutritional security. This compendium is a collection of 29 such innovative UPA practices from across the different cities in the country. These diverse case studies are loosely categorized into four themes: environment and sustainability; food, nutrition and livelihood; gender and subjective well-being; and urban policy and planning. Written mostly by practitioners themselves, the case studies collectively recognise and celebrate UPA innovations and practices, serving as a repository of lessons for peer-to-peer learning, and demonstrating how UPA can be one of the many solutions towards sustainable, liveable Indian cities.
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Barash, Itamar, i Robert Rhoads. Translational Mechanisms Governing Milk Protein Levels and Composition. United States Department of Agriculture, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2006.7696526.bard.

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Original objectives: The long-term goal of the research is to achieve higher protein content in the milk of ruminants by modulating the translational apparatus of the mammary gland genetically, nutritionally, or pharmacologically. The short-term objectives are to obtain a better understanding of 1) the role of amino acids (AA) as regulators of translation in bovine and mouse mammary epithelial cells and 2) the mechanism responsible for the synergistic enhancement of milk-protein mRNA polyadenylation by insulin and prolactin. Background of the topic: In many cell types and tissues, individual AA affect a signaling pathway which parallels the insulin pathway to modulate rates and levels of protein synthesis. Diverse nutritional and hormonal conditions are funneled to mTOR, a multidomain serine/threonine kinase that regulates a number of components in the initiation and elongation stages of translation. The mechanism by which AA signal mTOR is largely unknown. During the current grant period, we have studied the effect of essential AA on mechanisms involved in protein synthesis in differentiated mammary epithelial cells cultured under lactogenic conditions. We also studied lactogenic hormone regulation of milk protein synthesis in differentiated mammary epithelial cells. In the first BARD grant (2000-03), we discovered a novel mechanism for mRNA-specific hormone-regulated translation, namely, that the combination of insulin plus prolactin causes cytoplasmic polyadenylation of milk protein mRNAs, which leads to their efficient translation. In the current BARD grant, we have pursued the signaling pathways of this novel hormone action. Major conclusions/solutions/achievements: The positive and negative signaling from AA to the mTOR pathway, combined with modulation of insulin sensitization, mediates the synthesis rates of total and specific milk proteins in mammary epithelial cells. The current in vitro study revealed cryptic negative effects of Lys, His, and Thr on cellular mechanisms regulating translation initiation and protein synthesis in mammary epithelial cells that could not be detected by conventional in vivo analyses. We also showed that a signaling pathway involving Jak2 and Stat5, previously shown to lead from the prolactin receptor to transcription of milk protein genes, is also used for cytoplasmic polyadenylation of milk protein mRNAs, thereby stabilizing these mRNAs and activating them for translation. Implications: In vivo, plasma AA levels are affected by nutritional and hormonal effects as well as by conditions of exercise and stress. The amplitude in plasma AA levels resembles that applied in the current in vitro study. Thus, by changing plasma AA levels in the epithelial cell microenvironment or by sensitizing the mTOR pathway to their presence, it should be possible to modulate the rate of milk protein synthesis. Furthermore, knowledge that phosphorylation of Stat5 is required for enhanced milk protein synthesis in response to lactogenic opens the possibility for pharmacologic approaches to increase the phosphorylation of Stat5 and, thereby, milk protein production.
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Uni, Zehava, i Peter Ferket. Enhancement of development of broilers and poults by in ovo feeding. United States Department of Agriculture, maj 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2006.7695878.bard.

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The specific objectives of this research were the study of the physical and nutritional properties of the In Ovo Feeding (IOF) solution (i.e. theosmostic properties and the carbohydrate: protein ratio composition). Then, using the optimal solution for determining its effect on hatchability, early nutritional status and intestinal development of broilers and turkey during the last quarter of incubation through to 7 days post-hatch (i.e. pre-post hatch period) by using molecular, biochemical and histological tools. The objective for the last research phase was the determination of the effect of in ovo feeding on growth performance and economically valuable production traits of broiler and turkey flocks reared under practical commercial conditions. The few days before- and- after hatch is a critical period for the development and survival of commercial broilers and turkeys. During this period chicks make the metabolic and physiological transition from egg nutriture (i.e. yolk) to exogenous feed. Late-term embryos and hatchlings may suffer a low glycogen status, especially when oxygen availability to the embryo is limited by low egg conductance or poor incubator ventilation. Much of the glycogen reserve in the late-term chicken embryo is utilized for hatching. Subsequently, the chick must rebuild that glycogen reserve by gluconeogenesis from body protein (mostly from the breast muscle) to support post-hatch thermoregulation and survival until the chicks are able to consume and utilize dietary nutrients. Immediately post-hatch, the chick draws from its limited body reserves and undergoes rapid physical and functional development of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) in order to digest feed and assimilate nutrients. Because the intestine is the nutrient primary supply organ, the sooner it achieves this functional capacity, the sooner the young bird can utilize dietary nutrients and efficiently grow at its genetic potential and resist infectious and metabolic disease. Feeding the embryo when they consume the amniotic fluid (IOF idea and method) showed accelerated enteric development and elevated capacity to digest nutrients. By injecting a feeding solution into the embryonic amnion, the embryo naturally consume supplemental nutrients orally before hatching. This stimulates intestinal development to start earlier as was exhibited by elevated gene expression of several functional genes (brush border enzymes an transporters , elvated surface area, elevated mucin production . Moreover, supplying supplemental nutrients at a critical developmental stage by this in ovo feeding technology improves the hatchling’s nutritional status. In comparison to controls, administration of 1 ml of in ovo feeding solution, containing dextrin, maltose, sucrose and amino acids, into the amnion of the broiler embryo increased dramatically total liver glycogen in broilers and in turkeys in the pre-hatch period. In addition, an elevated relative breast muscle size (% of broiler BW) was observed in IOF chicks to be 6.5% greater at hatch and 7 days post-hatch in comparison to controls. Experiment have shown that IOF broilers and turkeys increased hatchling weights by 3% to 7% (P<0.05) over non injected controls. These responses depend upon the strain, the breeder hen age and in ovo feed composition. The weight advantage observed during the first week after hatch was found to be sustained at least through 35 days of age. Currently, research is done in order to adopt the knowledge for commercial practice.
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Research Institute (IFPRI), International Food Policy. Knowledge and data: Achieving food and nutrition security through open access. Washington, DC: International Food Policy Research Institute, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2499/9780896292970_06.

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Osei, Prince Kwabena, i Alex KOJO Anderson. Systematic review of consumer awareness, knowledge, understanding and use of nutrition labels in Africa. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, lipiec 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.7.0001.

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Shpigel, Muki, Allen Place, William Koven, Oded (Odi) Zmora, Sheenan Harpaz i Mordechai Harel. Development of Sodium Alginate Encapsulation of Diatom Concentrates as a Nutrient Delivery System to Enhance Growth and Survival of Post-Larvae Abalone. United States Department of Agriculture, wrzesień 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2001.7586480.bard.

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The major bottlenecks in rearing the highly priced gastropod abalone (Haliotis spp.) are the slow growth rate and the high mortality during the first 8 to 12 weeks following metamorphosis and settling. The most likely reason flor these problems is related to nutritional deficiencies in the diatom diet on which the post larvae (PL) feed almost exclusively in captivity. Higher survival and improved growth rate will reduce the considerable expense of hatchery-nursery resisdence time and thereflore the production costs. BARD supported our research for one year only and the support was given to us in order to prove that "(1) Abalone PL feed on encapsulated diatoms, and (2) heterotrophic diatoms can be mass produced." In the course of this year we have developed a novel nutrient delivery system specifically designed to enhance growth and survival of post-larval abalone. This approach is based on the sodium-alginate encapsulation of heterotrophically grown diatoms or diatom extracts, including appetite-stimulating factors. Diatom species that attract the PL and promote the highest growth and survival have been identified. These were also tested by incorporating them (either intact cells or as cell extracts) into a sodium-alginate matrix while comparing the growth to that achieved when using diatoms (singel sp. or as a mixture). A number of potential chemoattractants to act as appetite-stimulating factors for abalone PL have been tested. Preliminary results show that the incorporation of the amino acid methionine at a level of 10-3M to the sodim alginate matrix leads to a marked enhancement of growth. The results ol these studies provided basic knowledge on the growth of abalone and showed that it is possible to obtain, on a regular basis, survival rates exceeding 10% for this stage. Prior to this study the survival rates ranged between 2-4%, less than half of the values achieved today. Several diatom species originated from the National Center for Mariculture (Nitzchia laevis, Navicula lenzi, Amphora T3, and Navicula tennerima) and Cylindrotheca fusiformis (2083, 2084, 2085, 2086 and 2087 UTEX strains, Austin TX) were tested for heterotrophic growth. Axenic colonies were initially obtained and following intensive selection cycles and mutagenesis treatments, Amphora T3, Navicula tennerima and Cylindrotheca fusiformis (2083 UTEX strain) were capable of growing under heterotrophic conditions and to sustain highly enriched mediums. A highly efficient selection procedure as well as cost effective matrix of media components were developed and optimized. Glucose was identified as the best carbon source for all diatom strains. Doubling times ranging from 20-40 h were observed, and stable heterotroph cultures at a densities range of 103-104 were achieved. Although current growth rates are not yet sufficient for full economical fermentation, we estimate that further selections and mutagenesis treatments cycles should result in much faster growing colonies suitable for a fermentor scale-up. As rightfully pointed out by one of the reviewers, "There would be no point in assessing the optimum levels of dietary inclusions into micro-capsules, if the post-larvae cannot be induced to consume those capsules in the first place." We believe that the results of the first year of research provide a foundationfor the continuation of this research following the objectives put forth in the original proposal. Future work should concentrate on the optimization of incorporation of intact cells and cell extracts of the developed heterotrophic strains in the alginate matrix, as well as improving this delivery system by including liposomes and chemoattractants to ensure food consumption and enhanced growth.
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Katan, Jaacov, i Michael E. Stanghellini. Clinical (Major) and Subclinical (Minor) Root-Infecting Pathogens in Plant Growth Substrates, and Integrated Strategies for their Control. United States Department of Agriculture, październik 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1993.7568089.bard.

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In intensive agriculture, harmful soilborne biotic agents, cause severe damage. These include both typical soilborne (clinical) major pathogens which destroy plants (e.g. Fusarium and Phytophthora pathogens), and subclinical ("minor") pathogens (e.g. Olpidium and Pythium). The latter cause growth retardation and yield decline. The objectives of this study were: (1) To study the behavior of clinical (major) and subclinical (minor) pathogens in plant growth substrate, with emphasis on zoosporic fungi, such as Pythium, Olipidium and Polymyxa. (2) To study the interaction between subclinical pathogens and plants, and those aspects of Pythium biology which are relevant to these systems. (3) To adopt a holistic-integrated approach for control that includes both eradicative and protective measures, based on a knowledge of the pathogens' biology. Zoospores were demonstrated as the primary, if not the sole propagule, responsible for pathogen spread in a recirculating hydroponic cultural system, as verified with P. aphanidermatum and Phytophthora capsici. P. aphanidermatum, in contrast to Phytophthora capsici, can also spread by hyphae from plant-to-plant. Synthetic surfactants, when added to the recirculating nutrient solutions provided 100% control of root rot of peppers by these fungi without any detrimental effects on plant growth or yield. A bacterium which produced a biosurfactant was proved as efficacious as synthetic surfactants in the control of zoosporic plant pathogens in the recirculating hydroponic cultural system. The biosurfactant was identified as a rhamnolipid. Olpidium and Polymyxa are widespread and were determined as subclinical pathogens since they cause growth retardation but no plant mortality. Pythium can induce both phenomena and is an occasional subclinical pathogen. Physiological and ultrastructural studies of the interaction between Olpidium and melon plants showed that this pathogen is not destructive but affects root hairs, respiration and plant nutrition. The infected roots constitute an amplified sink competing with the shoots and eventually leading to growth retardation. Space solarization, by solar heating of the greenhouse, is effective in the sanitation of the greenhouse from residual inoculum and should be used as a component in disease management, along with other strategies.
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Sherman, Amir, Rebecca Grumet, Ron Ophir, Nurit Katzir i Yiqun Weng. Whole genome approach for genetic analysis in cucumber: Fruit size as a test case. United States Department of Agriculture, grudzień 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2013.7594399.bard.

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The Cucurbitaceae family includes a broad array of economically and nutritionally important crop species that are consumed as vegetables, staple starches and desserts. Fruit of these species, and types within species, exhibit extensive diversity as evidenced by variation in size, shape, color, flavor, and others. Fruit size and shape are critical quality determinants that delineate uses and market classes and are key traits under selection in breeding programs. However, the underlying genetic bases for variation in fruit size remain to be determined. A few species the Cucurbitaceae family were sequenced during the time of this project (cucumber was already sequenced when the project started watermelon and melon sequence became available during the project) but functional genomic tools are still missing. This research program had three major goals: 1. Develop whole genome cucumber and melon SNP arrays. 2. Develop and characterize cucumber populations segregating for fruit size. 3. Combine genomic tools, segregating populations, and phenotypic characterization to identify loci associated with fruit size. As suggested by the reviewers the work concentrated mostly in cucumber and not both in cucumber and melon. In order to develop a SNP (single nucleotide polymorphism) array for cucumber, available and newly generated sequence from two cucumber cultivars with extreme differences in shape and size, pickling GY14 and Chinese long 9930, were analyzed for variation (SNPs). A large set of high quality SNPs was discovered between the two parents of the RILs population (GY14 and 9930) and used to design a custom SNP array with 35000 SNPs using Agilent technology. The array was validated using 9930, Gy14 and F1 progeny of the two parents. Several mapping populations were developed for linkage mapping of quantitative trait loci (QTL) for fruit size These includes 145 F3 families and 150 recombinant inbred line (RILs F7 or F8 (Gy14 X 9930) and third population contained 450 F2 plants from a cross between Gy14 and a wild plant from India. The main population that was used in this study is the RILs population of Gy14 X 9930. Phenotypic and morphological analyses of 9930, Gy14, and their segregating F2 and RIL progeny indicated that several, likely independent, factors influence cucumber fruit size and shape, including factors that act both pre-anthesis and post-pollination. These include: amount, rate, duration, and plane of cell division pre- and post-anthesis and orientation of cell expansion. Analysis of F2 and RIL progeny indicated that factors influencing fruit length were largely determined pre-anthesis, while fruit diameter was more strongly influenced by environment and growth factors post-anthesis. These results suggest involvement of multiple genetically segregating factors expected to map independently onto the cucumber genome. Using the SNP array and the phenotypic data two major QTLs for fruit size of cucumber were mapped in very high accuracy (around 300 Kb) with large set of markers that should facilitate identification and cloning of major genes that contribute to fruit size in cucumber. In addition, a highly accurate haplotype map of all RILS was created to allow fine mapping of other traits segregating in this population. A detailed cucumber genetic map with 6000 markers was also established (currently the most detailed genetic map of cucumber). The integration of genetics physiology and genomic approaches in this project yielded new major infrastructure tools that can be used for understanding fruit size and many other traits of importance in cucumber. The SNP array and genetic population with an ultra-fine map can be used for future breeding efforts, high resolution mapping and cloning of traits of interest that segregate in this population. The genetic map that was developed can be used for other breeding efforts in other populations. The study of fruit development that was done during this project will be important in dissecting function of genes that that contribute to the fruit size QTLs. The SNP array can be used as tool for mapping different traits in cucumber. The development of the tools and knowledge will thus promote genetic improvement of cucumber and related cucurbits.
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Iron supplementation: Knowledge, perceptions, and usage among pregnant women in rural India. Population Council, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/rh1997.1021.

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In India, severe anemia has been one of the causes of high maternal mortality and death of newborns and infants due to low birthweight. The prevalence of anemia among women ages 15–44 is extremely high. The Government of India has provided iron and folic acid tablets (IFA) as a prophylaxis against nutritional anemia among pregnant women as part of the Child Survival and Safe Motherhood program and will continue to do so in the Reproductive and Child Health package. This paper presents findings of both qualitative and quantitative research conducted among pregnant women to investigate the extent of distribution and use, information provision, and knowledge and perceptions regarding IFA tablets and reasons for nonuse. The study shows that consumption rate of IFA tablets is high if women are knowledgeable and have positive experiences after taking the tablets. Findings suggest that more accurate and complete information should be provided to pregnant women while distributing IFA tablets along with health and nutritional education messages. At the same time, follow-up visits and counseling are essential to address symptoms that are not related to IFA.
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