Artykuły w czasopismach na temat „Nutrient removal”
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Illukpitiy, Prabodh, i Jason P. DeKoff. "An Economic Assessment of Nutrient Removal from Switchgrass Production". Research in Applied Economics 11, nr 2 (30.06.2019): 26. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/rae.v11i2.14998.
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The on-site loss of nutrients due to biomass removal creates additional costs for ethanol production however this aspect has not been properly incorporated in economic analyses of biomass production and processing. This study investigates costs of on-site nutrient losses in switchgrass fields in Tennessee. The replacement cost methodology was applied to measure on-site cost of nutrient losses due to biomass removal and was based on the costs of replacing nutrients removed from the production site. The estimated costs for total on-site nutrient loss due to biomass removal show a substantial loss of nutrients in switchgrass fields. The loss of major nutrients from biomass removal represents the major part of on-site economic costs. A declining trend of nutrient costs per Mg of harvested biomass was observed with increasing in harvesting time. The internalization of on-site costs of nutrient losses is possible by adopting an appropriate harvest schedule for switchgrass.
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Li, Xiaowei, Qun Wei, Xiaojie Tu, Yuxuan Zhu, Yanfei Chen, Lina Guo, Jun Zhou i Hongyun Sun. "Effects of nutrient loading on Anabaena flos-aquae biofilm: biofilm growth and nutrient removals". Water Science and Technology 74, nr 2 (30.04.2016): 385–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2016.208.
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Effects of three different nutrient loadings (low nutrient loading, medium nutrient loading and high nutrient loading, denoted as LNS, MNS and HNS, respectively) on the structure and functions of algal biofilm using Anabaena flos-aquae were investigated using synthetic wastewater. Nutrients removal efficiencies, biofilm thickness, microalgae dehydrogenase activity (DHA) and exopolysaccharide (EPS) productions were examined. Results showed that the changes of nutrient concentration were insignificant after 4 days of experiment for the case of HNS condition; 9 days for the case of MNS condition, and 6 days for the case of LNS condition, respectively. The biofilm thickness, nutrient removal efficiencies, algae DHA and EPS productions increased with the increase of nutrient loadings in synthetic wastewater. For the case of HNS condition, the microalgal biofilm exhibited the best performance in terms of C, N and P removal efficiencies, reaching the removal rates of 68.45, 3.56 and 1.61 mg·L−1·d−1 for C, N, P, respectively. This was likely because, fact with the high nutrient loading, the high biological activity could be achieved, thus resulting in high nutrient removals. The thickness of the biofilm in HNS condition was 75 μm, which was closely related to EPS production. DHA and EPS concentrations were 7.24 and 1.8 × 10−2 mg·mm−2, respectively. It was also shown that apart from the nutrient loading, the structure and functions of microalgal biofilm were also influenced by other factors, such as illumination and temperature.
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Dodds, W. K., E. A. Strauss i R. Lehmann. "Nutrient dilution and removal bioassays to estimate phytoplankton response to nutrient control". Archiv für Hydrobiologie 128, nr 4 (11.11.1993): 467–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/archiv-hydrobiol/128/1993/467.
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Ejike David Ugwuanyi, Zamathula Queen Sikhakhane Nwokediegwu, Michael Ayorinde Dada, Michael Tega Majemite i Alexander Obaigbena. "Review of emerging technologies for nutrient removal in wastewater treatment". World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews 21, nr 2 (28.02.2024): 1737–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/wjarr.2024.21.2.0520.
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The burgeoning global population and industrial activities have significantly increased the generation of wastewater laden with nutrients, posing severe environmental and public health concerns. Traditional wastewater treatment methods often fall short in effectively removing nutrients like nitrogen and phosphorus, leading to eutrophication of water bodies and endangering aquatic ecosystems. In response, emerging technologies for nutrient removal in wastewater treatment have gained traction in recent years, offering innovative and efficient solutions to mitigate nutrient pollution. This comprehensive review explores the latest advancements in nutrient removal technologies, encompassing biological, physical, and chemical processes. Biological treatment methods, including activated sludge, sequencing batch reactors (SBRs), and membrane bioreactors (MBRs), have been extensively studied and optimized for nutrient removal. Novel biofilm-based systems, such as moving bed biofilm reactors (MBBRs) and integrated fixed-film activated sludge (IFAS), have demonstrated enhanced nutrient removal capabilities and resilience to fluctuations in wastewater composition. Furthermore, the integration of advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) and membrane technologies has revolutionized nutrient removal from wastewater. AOPs, such as ozonation, ultraviolet (UV) irradiation, and photocatalysis, offer effective means to degrade recalcitrant organic pollutants and disrupt nutrient cycles. Membrane-based technologies, including reverse osmosis (RO), nanofiltration (NF), and forward osmosis (FO), enable selective nutrient removal and concentration, thereby producing high-quality effluent suitable for reuse or discharge into sensitive environments. Additionally, the review delves into emerging chemical treatment strategies, such as adsorption, precipitation, and ion exchange, for targeted removal of nutrients from wastewater streams. Advanced adsorbents and nanomaterials exhibit superior adsorption capacities and selectivity for nitrogen and phosphorus compounds, paving the way for cost-effective nutrient recovery and resource recycling. Moreover, the review highlights the importance of process optimization, system integration, and environmental sustainability in the development and deployment of emerging nutrient removal technologies. Life cycle assessments (LCAs) and techno-economic analyses provide valuable insights into the environmental footprint and economic viability of these innovative solutions, guiding decision-makers towards sustainable wastewater management practices. In conclusion, the synthesis of biological, physical, and chemical processes in emerging nutrient removal technologies holds great promise for addressing the challenges of nutrient pollution in wastewater treatment. Future research directions should focus on scalability, energy efficiency, and holistic approaches towards achieving water quality goals and fostering a circular economy.
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Smith Jr., C. T., M. L. McCormack Jr., J. W. Hornbeck i C. W. Martin. "Nutrient and biomass removals from a red spruce – balsam fir whole-tree harvest". Canadian Journal of Forest Research 16, nr 2 (1.04.1986): 381–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x86-065.
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A mechanized whole-tree harvest was conducted on a watershed in central Maine dominated by Picearubens Sarg. and Abiesbalsamea (L.) Mill. The harvest removal and redistribution of biomass, nitrogen, phosphorus, calcium, magnesium, and potassium were estimated and evaluated with respect to estimates of site nutrient reserves. Regression equations were developed to estimate the nutrient contents and ovendry weight of the aboveground components of the Picearubens and Abiesbalsamea. Unit area estimates of nutrient and biomass removals were based on the application of the regression equations to a tally of all trees on twelve 0.04-ha square plots. Unit area estimates were made of exchangeable and total nutrients contained in the forest floor and glacial till above a hardpan. The harvest removed 90% of the biomass, 91 % of the nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and calcium, and 90% of the magnesium in the above-stump portions of the forest. These removals were from two to four times the amount of nutrients that would have been removed by a bole-only harvest, while increasing biomass removals by 1.4 times. The nutrients removed by the harvest were between 0.1 and 5% of the total soil reserves. Nutrient removals are evaluated in the context of three commonly used evaluation approaches: static comparisons of nutrient pools, nutrient input–output budgets, and computer simulation.
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Neethling, J. B., D. Clark, A. Pramanik, H. D. Stensel, J. Sandino i R. Tsuchihashi. "WERF Nutrient Challenge investigates limits of nutrient removal technologies". Water Science and Technology 61, nr 4 (1.02.2010): 945–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2010.617.
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The WERF Nutrient Challenge is a multi-year collaborative research initiative established in 2007 to develop and provide current information about wastewater treatment nutrients (specifically nitrogen and phosphorus in wastewater), their characteristics, and bioavailability in aquatic environments to help regulators make informed decisions. The Nutrient Challenge will also provide data on nutrient removal so that treatment facilities can select sustainable, cost-effective methods and technologies to meet permit limits. To meet these goals, the Nutrient Challenge has teamed with a wide array of utilities, agencies, consultants, universities and other researchers and practitioners to collaborate on projects that advance these goals. The Nutrient Challenge is focusing on a different approach to collaborating and leveraging resources (financial and intellectual) on research projects by targeting existing projects and research that correspond with its goals and funding those aspects that the Nutrient Challenge identified as a priority. Because the Nutrient Challenge is focused on collaboration, outreach is an absolutely necessary component of its effectiveness. Through workshops, webinars, a web portal and online compendium, published papers, and conference lectures, the Nutrient Challenge is both presenting important new information, and soliciting new partnerships.
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van Huyssteen, J. A., J. L. Barnard i J. Hendriksz. "The Olifantsfontein Nutrient Removal Plant". Water Science and Technology 22, nr 7-8 (1.07.1990): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1990.0224.
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The paper describes the upgrading of an existing trickling filter (TF) plant by adding a new activated sludge (AS) plant in order to remove nutrients from the combined effluent of both plants. In spite of the low COD/TKN ratio, good nitrogen and phosphate removals were obtained in the three-stage Bardenpho (AS) plant. This is at variance with the University of Capetown mathematical model which predicted that nutrient removal in this plant would not be possible due to predicted recycle of nitrates to the anaerobic basin. The results showed that the average effluent phosphate was below 1 mg P/ℓ while the ammonia and nitrates could be controlled to values well below the limits of the South African General Standard. Possible reasons for the anomaly are given.
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Salvador, Simone Martini, Aline Aparecida Ludvichak, Dione Richer Momolli, Kristiana Fiorentin dos Santos, Catarine Barcellos Consensa, Mauro Valdir Schumacher i James Stahl. "Removal of nutrients due to biomass harvest of Eucalyptus urograndis in different soils: macronutrients". Ambiente e Agua - An Interdisciplinary Journal of Applied Science 16, nr 3 (17.05.2021): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.4136/ambi-agua.2671.
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Intensive management of forest stands can increase biomass production, as well as increase the removal of nutrients from the site. This study therefore sought to simulate different harvest intensities and to calculate the nutrient-use efficiency of Eucalyptus urograndis in different types of soil. The study was carried out in a plantation of seven-year-old hybrid E. urograndis in the city of Telêmaco Borba, Paraná, Brazil. The study site included two sub areas with sandy soil and clayey soil (Cambisols Inceptisol and Ferralsols Oxisols, respectively). Using biomass and nutrients stock data, nutrient removal was simulated under five different harvest scenarios. Nutrient-use efficiency was obtained from the relation between the amount of biomass and nutrients of each tree component. Harvesting the whole tree resulted in the removal of approximately 61% of the nutrients from the site in sandy soil, while in clayey soil 57% of the nutrients were removed. With harvesting of only the commercial stemwood, only 22% of the nutrients were removed from the sandy soil, and 21% from the clayey soil. Stemwood was the component that had the highest nutrient-use efficiency values for all the analyzed nutrients. In conclusion, to achieve nutritional sustainability of E. urograndis stands, the best harvesting system involves the removal of only commercial stemwood. For the production of stemwood, sandy soils have a greater biological efficiency of calcium and magnesium when compared to clayey soil.
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Lagrange, Robert. "INSTRUMENTATION FOR NUTRIENT REMOVAL". Proceedings of the Water Environment Federation 2003, nr 11 (1.01.2003): 360–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.2175/193864703784755742.
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Sadler, Mary E., i F. Ross Stroud. "Enhanced Nutrient Removal Strategies: Approaches and Case Studies Demonstrating Nutrient Removal Success". Proceedings of the Water Environment Federation 2007, nr 2 (1.01.2007): 664–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.2175/193864707787976650.
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Titus, Brian D., Bruce A. Roberts i Keith W. Deering. "Nutrient removals with harvesting and by deep percolation from white birch (Betula papyrifera [Marsh.]) sites in central Newfoundland". Canadian Journal of Soil Science 78, nr 1 (1.02.1998): 127–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/s97-044.
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The effects of conventional stem-only and whole-tree harvesting on nutrient losses in biomass removal and in leachate fluxes over a 3-yr period after cutting three white birch stands in central Newfoundland were determined. Losses of nutrients in biomass were proportionately greater with more intensive harvesting as tree components with higher nutrient concentrations (branches, foliage) were removed. Stem-only harvesting removed 126, 9, 51, 126 and 23 kg ha–1 of N, P, K, Ca and Mg in biomass, respectively. Whole-tree harvesting led to a 19% increase in biomass removal as compared to stem-only harvesting, but nutrient removals with whole-tree harvesting increased by 127% for N, 138% for P, 151% for K, 72% for Ca and 90% for Mg. Nutrient losses in deep percolation of soil solution during the first 3 yr after harvesting were generally greater following stem-only than whole-tree harvesting. This may be the result of increased leaching from slash, increased mineralization beneath slash, and retardation by slash of the successional vegetation that could act as a nutrient sink. In the first 3 yr following harvesting, leaching losses after whole-tree harvesting were 4, 0.2, 8, 23 and 7 kg ha–1 of N, P, K, Ca and Mg, respectively, as compared with 9, 0.1, 7, 28 and 9 kg ha–1 of N, P, K, Ca and Mg after stem-only harvesting. Nutrient losses in leachate were generally small compared to losses in biomass removal. Key words: Intensive harvesting; slash; nutrient budget; sustainable site productivity; Betula papyrifera (Marsh.)
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Hernández, MM, M. Fernández-Falcón i CE Álvarez. "Nutrient distribution in flowering stems, nutrient removal and fertilization of three proteaceae cultivars". International Journal of Agricultural Research, Innovation and Technology 4, nr 1 (2.12.2014): 64–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ijarit.v4i1.21094.
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Several parameters of flowering stems of two cultivars of protea Leucospermum cordifolium (Knight) Fourc (Succession II and Tango) and one of protea Protea L. (Protea susannae x magnifica Susara) were studied in different commercial plantations. These included length and weight measures, nutrient concentrations of detached parts (flower heads, leaves and stems), and removal of nutrients of harvested flowers. A base for fertilization was also calculated. Harvested flowers of Susara removed more P, K and Cu than Succession II and Tango, and more Ca and Fe than Tango. Succession II showed the highest Zn removal. The P and Cu removal by the crop of Susara were significantly higher than those of both Leucospermum cultivars, while K, Ca, and Fe outputs of Susara exceeded only those of Tango. The nutrient top removals amounted to 4.55 g m-2 of N, 0.48 g m-2 of P, and 5.26 g m-2 of K. Data as a base to supply fertilizer to each cultivar are given, with N:P:K ratios of 1:0.08:0.87 for Succession II, 1:0.08:0.83 for Tango and 1:0.10:1.27 for Susara. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ijarit.v4i1.21094 Int. J. Agril. Res. Innov. & Tech. 4 (1): 64-69, June, 2014
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Gómez-Guzmán, Abril, Sergio Jiménez-Magaña, A. Suggey Guerra-Rentería, César Gómez-Hermosillo, F. Javier Parra-Rodríguez, Sergio Velázquez, Blanca Rosa Aguilar-Uscanga, Josue Solis-Pacheco i Orfil González-Reynoso. "Evaluation of nutrients removal (NO3-N, NH3-N and PO4-P) with Chlorella vulgaris, Pseudomonas putida, Bacillus cereus and a consortium of these microorganisms in the treatment of wastewater effluents". Water Science and Technology 76, nr 1 (27.03.2017): 49–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2017.175.
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In this research removal of NH3-N, NO3-N and PO4-P nutrients from municipal wastewater was studied, using Chlorella vulgaris, Pseudomonas putida, Bacillus cereus and an artificial consortium of them. The objective is to analyze the performance of these microorganisms and their consortium, which has not been previously studied for nutrient removal in municipal wastewater. A model wastewater was prepared simulating the physicochemical characteristics found at the wastewater plant in Chapala, Mexico. Experiments were carried out without adding an external carbon source. Results indicate that nutrient removal with Chlorella vulgaris was the most efficient with a removal of 24.03% of NO3-N, 80.62% of NH3-N and 4.30% of PO4-P. With Bacillus cereus the results were 8.40% of NO3-N, 28.80% of NH3-N and 3.80% of PO4-P. The removals with Pseudomonas putida were 2.50% of NO3-N, 41.80 of NH3-N and 4.30% of PO4-P. The consortium of Chlorella vulgaris–Bacillus cereus–Pseudomonas putida removed 29.40% of NO3-N, 4.2% of NH3-N and 8.4% of PO4-P. The highest biomass production was with Bacillus cereus (450 mg/l) followed by Pseudomonas putida (444 mg/l), the consortium (205 mg/l) and Chlorella vulgaris (88.9 mg/l). This study highlights the utility of these microorganisms for nutrient removal in wastewater treatments.
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Li, Yongmei, Mingyan Liu, Zhiwen Yuan i Jinte Zou. "Struvite pellet crystallization in a high-strength nitrogen and phosphorus stream". Water Science and Technology 68, nr 6 (1.09.2013): 1300–1305. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2013.372.
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Struvite crystallization is a reliable method to recover nutrients from wastewater. Laboratory-scale experiments were conducted to investigate nutrient recovery from synthetic wastewater with high-strength orthophosphate and ammonia-nitrogen by the formation of struvite pellets. Without adjusting pH, struvite crystal growth environment was achieved in ammonia-nitrogen and orthophosphate concentration ranges of 100–1,000 and 221–2,214 mg/L, respectively. The mean size of the harvested struvite pellets was in the range of 3–4 mm. pH is an important factor indicating the process supersaturation. A range of pH 6.2–9.0 was tested in order to enhance nutrient removal efficiency. The results showed although higher N, P and Mg removals were achieved at higher pH values, over 95% N, P and Mg removals were still achieved at pH of 7.6. Recycling ratio of the clarifier supernatant to influent had no significant promotion of N or P removal.
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Li, Yali, Ana Deletic i David T. McCarthy. "Copper-zeolite integrated stormwater biofilter for nutrient removal – the impact of intermittent wetting and drying conditions". Blue-Green Systems 2, nr 1 (1.01.2020): 352–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/bgs.2020.016.
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Abstract A large-scale column study was conducted to examine the sediment and nutrient removal performance of stormwater biofilters that contained layers of novel copper-zeolite filter media. The filters were exposed to stormwater under varied dosing frequency over 33 weeks and were assessed for their hydraulic performance and their efficiency in removing sediment and nutrients. The non-vegetated sand filters with layers of copper-zeolite media (SCu filters) achieved consistently good removal of total phosphorus (87%) despite the challenging dry-wet cycles, and the effluent concentration met a long-term irrigation guideline (0.05 mg/L). The same design achieved 51% removal of total nitrogen above the Australian runoff quality load reduction targets (45%). Incorporation of Leptospermum continentale into the copper-zeolite filters (LCCu-T) maintained the phosphorus removal (86%) and led to a slight increase in total nitrogen removal (57%). Both designs maintained good water permeability (200 mm/h at the end of the last wet period). Copper-zeolite played a mixed role in the system: enhancing nutrients removal through precipitation and ion exchange, maintaining high water permeability, limiting the advantages of vegetation on nutrient removal. Future studies should refine biofilter design and vegetation selection to augment the performance of copper-zeolite filters by integrating the advantages of vegetation on nutrient removal.
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Gordon, Brad A., Olivia Dorothy i Christian F. Lenhart. "Nutrient Retention in Ecologically Functional Floodplains: A Review". Water 12, nr 10 (4.10.2020): 2762. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12102762.
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Nutrient loads in fresh and coastal waters continue to lead to harmful algal blooms across the globe. Historically, floodplains—low-lying areas adjacent to streams and rivers that become inundated during high-flow events—would have been nutrient deposition and/or removal sites within riparian corridors, but many floodplains have been developed and/or disconnected. This review synthesizes literature and data available from field studies quantifying nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) removal within floodplains across North America and Europe to determine how effective floodplain restoration is at removing nutrients. The mean removal of nitrate-N (NO3−-N), the primary form of N in floodplain studies, was 200 (SD = 198) kg-N ha−1 year−1, and of total or particulate P was 21.0 (SD = 31.4) kg-P ha−1 year−1. Based on the literature, more effective designs of restored floodplains should include optimal hydraulic load, permanent wetlands, geomorphic diversity, and dense vegetation. Floodplain restorations along waterways with higher nutrient concentrations could lead to a more effective investment for nutrient removal. Overall, restoring and reconnecting floodplains throughout watersheds is a viable and effective means of removing nutrients while also restoring the many other benefits that floodplains provide.
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Cao, Xiuyun, Chunlei Song, Jian Xiao i Yiyong Zhou. "The Optimal Width and Mechanism of Riparian Buffers for Storm Water Nutrient Removal in the Chinese Eutrophic Lake Chaohu Watershed". Water 10, nr 10 (22.10.2018): 1489. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w10101489.
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Riparian buffers play an important role in intercepting nutrients entering lakes from non-point runoffs. In spite of its ecological significance, little is known regarding the underlying mechanisms of riparian buffers or their optimal width. In this study, we examined nutrient removal efficiency, including the quantity of nutrients and water quality, in the littoral zone of different types of riparian buffers in the watershed around eutrophic Lake Chaohu (China), and estimated the optimal width for different types of riparian buffers for effective nutrient removal. In general, a weak phosphorus (P) adsorption ability and nitrification-denitrification potential in soil resulted in a far greater riparian buffer demand than before in Lake Chaohu, which may be attributed to the soil degradation and simplification of cover vegetation. In detail, the width was at least 23 m (grass/forest) and 130 m (grass) for total P (TP) and total nitrogen (TN) to reach 50% removal efficiency, respectively, indicating a significantly greater demand for TN removal than that for TP. Additionally, wetland and grass/forest riparian buffers were more effective for TP removal, which was attributed to a high P sorption maximum (Qmax) and a low equilibrium P concentration (EPC0), respectively. The high potential nitrification rate (PNR) and potential denitrification rate (PDR) were responsible for the more effective TN removal efficiencies in grass riparian buffers. The nutrient removal efficiency of different types of riparian buffers was closely related with nutrient level in adjacent littoral zones around Lake Chaohu.
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Laouali, Garba, Jacques Brisson, Linda Dumont i Gilles Vincent. "Nitrogen and Phosphorus Removal in a Subsurface-Flow Reed Bed". Water Quality Research Journal 33, nr 2 (1.05.1998): 319–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wqrj.1998.017.
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Abstract During the last decades, there has been a growing concern over phosphorus and nitrogen removal in wastewater treatment systems. Excessive loads of these nutrients have been implicated in the eutrophication of water courses. Although effectiveness of constructed reed beds for primary and secondary wastewater treatments is well established, their capacity for nutrient removal is not as well documented, especially under northern temperate climates. We monitored nutrient removal in the experimental reed bed wastewater treatment of the Biosphère de Montréal, a museum entirely devoted to the important role of water in the ecosystem. Over the first 2 years of operation, nutrient removal during plant growing season averaged 60% for total nitrogen, 53% for Kjeldahl nitrogen, 73% for total phosphorus and 94% for phosphate. Removal remains acceptable in winter despite a slight decrease in efficiency. Nitrification-deni-trification appears to be the main mechanism responsible for nitrogen removal, while precipitation and adsorption account for most of the phosphorus removal.
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Parihar, Preeti, Naveen Chand i Surindra Suthar. "Treatment of High Nutrient-Loaded Wastewater in a Constructed Floating Wetland with Different Configurations: Role of Lantana Biochar Addition". Sustainability 14, nr 23 (1.12.2022): 16049. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su142316049.
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Constructed wetlands (CW) with carbon stock in substrate matrix show high efficiency in wastewater nutrient removals. In this study, five batch-scale CW setups with varying Lantana weed biochar (BC) doses (5, 10, and 15%) in substrate matrix were established and changes in high nutrient-loaded wastewater parameters, ammonium N (NH4+-N), chemical oxygen demand (COD), nitrate (NO3-N), sulfate (SO4−2), and phosphate (PO4−3), were monitored for 240 h hydraulic retention time (HRT). BC amount directly affected the removal mechanism of CWs and a significant reduction in COD (>92.71%) was recorded. CW setup with a 15% BC dose showed the maximum removal of PO4−3 (79.06%), NH4+-N (78.79%), SO4−2 (67.93%), and NO3-N (77.42%) from wastewater. The theory of BC facilitated physical removal, microbial facilitation, and chemical kinetics improvements are proposed for better removal of wastewater nutrients in studied CWs. Research results could be utilized to design a low-cost domestic wastewater treatment facility using BC for rural areas under a decentralized water treatment program.
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Isik, Sabahattin, Henrique Haas, Latif Kalin, Mohamed M. Hantush i Christopher Nietch. "Nutrient Removal Potential of Headwater Wetlands in Coastal Plains of Alabama, USA". Water 15, nr 15 (25.07.2023): 2687. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w15152687.
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Headwater streams drain over 70% of the land in the United States with headwater wetlands covering 6.59 million hectares. These ecosystems are important landscape features in the southeast United States, with underlying effects on ecosystem health, water yield, nutrient cycling, biodiversity, and water quality. However, little is known about the relationship between headwater wetlands’ nutrient function (i.e., nutrient load removal (RL) and removal efficiency (ER)) and their physical characteristics. Here, we investigate this relationship for 44 headwater wetlands located within the Upper Fish River watershed (UFRW) in coastal Alabama. To accomplish this objective, we apply the process-based watershed model SWAT (Soil and Water Assessment Tool) to generate flow and nutrient loadings to each study wetland and subsequently quantify the wetland-level nutrient removal efficiencies using the process-based wetland model WetQual. Results show that the calculated removal efficiencies of the headwater wetlands in the UFRW are 75–84% and 27–35% for nitrate (NO3−) and phosphate (PO4+), respectively. The calculated nutrient load removals are highly correlated with the input loads, and the estimated PO4+ ERshows a significant decreasing trend with increased input loadings. The relationship between NO3− ER and wetland physical characteristics such as area, volume, and residence time is statistically insignificant (p > 0.05), while for PO4+, the correlation is positive and statistically significant (p < 0.05). On the other hand, flashiness (flow pulsing) and baseflow index (fraction of inflow that is coming from baseflow) have a strong effect on NO3− removal but not on PO4+ removal. Modeling results and statistical analysis point toward denitrification and plant uptake as major NO3− removal mechanisms, whereas plant uptake, diffusion, and settling of sediment-bound P were the main mechanisms for PO4+ removal. Additionally, the computed nutrient ER is higher during the driest year of the simulated period compared to during the wettest year. Our findings are in line with global-level studies and offer new insights into wetland physical characteristics affecting nutrient removal efficiency and the importance of headwater wetlands in mitigating water quality deterioration in coastal areas. The regression relationships for NO3− and PO4+ load removals in the selected 44 wetlands are then used to extrapolate nutrient load removals to 348 unmodeled non-riverine and non-riparian wetlands in the UFRW (41% of UFRW drains to them). Results show that these wetlands remove 51–61% of the NO3− and 5–10% of the PO4+ loading they receive from their respective drainage areas. Due to geographical proximity and physiographic similarity, these results can be scaled up to the coastal plains of Alabama and Northwest Florida.
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Dhawan, Sahil, Onita D. Basu i Bahman Banihashemi. "Influence of nutrient supplementation on DOC removal in drinking water biofilters". Water Supply 17, nr 2 (17.09.2016): 422–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2016.146.
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Analysis of the impacts of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium supplementation on biofilter performance for organic carbon removal was studied on laboratory-scale biofilter columns. Three dual media biofilter columns were fed with synthetic raw water C:N:P ratios of 546:24:1, 100:10:1, and 25:5:1 (w/w) to simulate nutrient limited and two nutrient supplemented conditions, respectively. Research found that air-scour versus water only backwash improved the nutrient limited dissolved organic carbon (DOC) removal by 8%. In addition, nutrient supplementation and backwash alteration improved DOC removals by 19% for the 25:5:1 column and 14% for the 100:10:1 column. Potassium supplementation with the 25:5:1 C:N:P ratio column had no discernible effect on DOC removal. No correlation with phospholipid (7–474 nmol P/g media) and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) (0.6 × 105–32.74 × 105 pg ATP/g media) values with DOC removal were found. Nutrient availability was found to influence DOC removal, demonstrating its importance when utilizing biofiltration for treatment of source waters.
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Havlin, John, i Ron Heiniger. "Soil Fertility Management for Better Crop Production". Agronomy 10, nr 9 (8.09.2020): 1349. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10091349.
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Increasing crop productivity per unit of land area to meet future food and fiber demand increases both soil nutrient removal and the importance of replenishing soil fertility through efficient nutrient management practices. Significant progress in enhancing nutrient-use efficiency in production agriculture requires improved estimates of plant-available nutrients in the root zone, enhanced crop response to applied nutrients, and reduced offsite nutrient transport. This special issue, Soil Fertility Management for Better Crop Production, presents 15 manuscripts that advance our knowledge of interrelated soil, plant, and management factors important to increasing the nutrient availability and crop recovery of applied nutrients.
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Ahmed, Aminat Mohammed, Menbere Leul Mekonnen i Kebede Nigussie Mekonnen. "Polymer-based nanocomposite adsorbents for resource recovery from wastewater". RSC Advances 13, nr 45 (2023): 31687–703. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d3ra05453e.
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Adsorption is alternative technique for recovery of nutrient resources with no/less secondary pollution. PNC adsorbents are effective for removal and recovery of nutrient resources, and reusing nutrients as fertilizer could prevent eutrophication.
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Foster, Neil W., i Ian K. Morrison. "Alternate Strip Clearcutting in Upland Black Spruce: IV. Projected Nutrient Removals Associated with Harvesting". Forestry Chronicle 63, nr 6 (1.12.1987): 451–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc63451-6.
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Nutrient removals associated with conventional, full-tree, and whole-tree harvesting on 100-year rotations in an upland boreal black spruce stand in northern Ontario were estimated. Conventional (stems only) logging would remove 219 kgha−1 of Ca, 62 of N, 36 of K, 18 of Mg and 9 of P from the site. Increased utilization of phytomass during full-tree harvesting, in comparison with conventional logging, could result in as much as a 400% increase in N removal and a 60% increase in Ca removal. Estimates of projected N and K removals by full-tree harvesting may be conservative, relative to those in other black spruce stands because of the low foliar mass of this forest. The forest floor contained 51% to 72% of the soil's reserves of nutrients, except for P, within the effective rooting zone. Post-harvesting site preparation methods should be restricted to those that ensure that forest floor nutrient reserves are retained on site.
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Singh, R. P., Ying He Jiang i Xiao Peng Wen. "Phosphorus Removal Efficiency of Different Media and Macrophyte in Constructed Wetland". Advanced Materials Research 113-116 (czerwiec 2010): 2368–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.113-116.2368.
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Constructed wetlands are very useful for the removal of nutrients from treated municipal wastewater. Use of different kinds of media and macrophytes improves the efficiency of nutrient removal of constructed wetlands. Three different media (pulverized ash bricks, shale and gravel) and common reed (Phragmites spp.) were used for present research work. This macrophyte is a local weed and easily available. Uses of different media with macrophyte are very efficient for nutrient removal from treated municipal wastewater. Out of these three media used for present research pulverized fly ash bricks media was most efficient for removal of phosphorus in constructed wetland.
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Hosoi, Y., Y. Kido, M. Miki i M. Sumida. "Field examination on reed growth, harvest and regeneration for nutrient removal". Water Science and Technology 38, nr 1 (1.07.1998): 351–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1998.0084.
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A wetland where aquatic macrophytes grow is expected to have the function of water purification. Nutrients assimilated by them are removed from the water by harvesting those plants. In order to carry out harvesting to remove nutrients effectively, it is essential to know the life cycle behavior of the plants. In this study, the characteristics of reed growth and regrowth after harvest were examined in the actual field. The height and number of the shoots, the standing biomass and nutrient contents were observed. The average height of living shoots reached its maximum when total sunshine duration was 500 hours since harvest. Nutrient contents showed the maximum value in the early growth stage. On the basis of these results, the numerical simulation model about the life cycle of the aboveground part of reed was developed to investigate nutrient removal efficiency by various harvest methods. It was recommended to harvest twice a year for the effective nutrient removal.
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Mann, L. K., D. W. Johnson, D. C. West, D. W. Cole, J. W. Hornbeck, C. W. Martin, H. Riekerk i in. "Effects of Whole-Tree and Stem-Only Clearcutting on Postharvest Hydrologic Losses, Nutrient Capital, and Regrowth". Forest Science 34, nr 2 (1.06.1988): 412–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/forestscience/34.2.412.
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Abstract Nutrient removal by sawlog or pulpwood harvest (SAW), and whole-tree harvesting (WTH) was determined for 11 forest stands located throughout the United States. Data from this study combined with previously published nutrient budgets indicated potential net losses of Ca and K at most sites without harvest, and net losses of N, P, K, and Ca with either SAW or WTH. Total stem biomass and nutrients were significantly correlated with total above-stump biomass, providing a means for estimating nutrient removals with WTH and SAW in commercial forests. Limited data from harvested stands indicated greater regrowth biomass with SAW than with WTH on some sites. In the 11 harvested stands, hydrologic losses of N, K, and Ca generally increased immediately after harvest, but returned to levels comparable to control areas within 3 years. Because of the short duration of elevated nutrient losses, the hydrologic losses are considered minor relative to harvest removals. Ca and K are possible exceptions. The large difference in amounts of nutrients left on site in logging slash after SAW compared with WTH did not result in major differences in leaching or runoff at sites where comparisons were made. For. Sci. 34(2):412-428.
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Hendrickson, O. Q., D. M. Burgess i L. Chatarpaul. "Biomass and nutrients in Great Lakes – St. Lawrence forest species: implications for whole-tree and conventional harvest". Canadian Journal of Forest Research 17, nr 3 (1.03.1987): 210–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x87-037.
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Total aboveground biomass and nutrient contents were measured in a mixed conifer and hardwood stand in Ontario. Removal of woody stems > 9 cm dbh (conventional harvest) yielded 138 000 kg/ha; removal of essentially all aboveground woody material (whole-tree harvest) yielded an additional 52 000 kg/ha, a 38% increase. Whole-tree harvest increased N removal by 191 kg/ha (132%). Logging slash on the conventional harvest plot added 163 kg N/ha to the forest floor. Nutrients within various biomass components of seven tree species were compared. Pinusresinosa Ait., the dominant conifer, produced the greatest amount of biomass per unit mass of nutrient, combining low nutrient concentrations with a high proportion of biomass in stem wood. Populustremuloides Michx., the dominant hardwood, had high proportions of cation-rich bark but had a lower whole-tree N concentration than most other species. High nutrient contents in Abiesbalsamea (L.) (Mill.) and Piceaglauca (Moench) Voss were related to large amounts of fine branches and foliage. Compared with the dominants, shade-tolerant species had less differences in nutrient concentrations between small and large diameter portions of stems and branches, suggesting a limited capacity for retranslocation. Abiesbalsamea was particularly poor at conserving K. A conventional harvest often leaves small diameter stems of species (Abiesbalsamea, Acerrubrum L.) that accumulate large amounts of nutrients and that may be poorly adapted to low throughfall cation inputs and high light intensities following overstory removal. Replacement of stands of Pinus spp. by Populus spp. represents a less efficient use of site nutrient capital in that the latter species produce less biomass per unit nutrient retained in permanent aboveground tissues. Whole-tree harvesting on nutrient-poor sites in the Great Lakes – St. Lawrence forest may lead to establishment of aspen stands of low productivity.
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bte Jais, Noor Maisara, Radin Maya Saphira bte Radin Mohamed, Wan Asma Wan Mohamad Apandi i Hazel Monica Matias Peralta. "Removal of Nutrients and Selected Heavy Metals in Wet Market Wastewater by Using Microalgae Scenedesmus Sp." Applied Mechanics and Materials 773-774 (lipiec 2015): 1210–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.773-774.1210.
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The wet market wastewater may lead to pollution, odour and aesthetic problems to the environment and society if not treating properly. Thus, this research was conducted to culture microalgae Scenedesmus sp. and to identify the optimal concentration of microalgae Scenedesmus sp.due to the nutrient and heavy metal removals from wet market wastewater based on laboratory scale. The samples were taken from Public Market Parit Raja, Batu Pahat at 9a.m. in the morning using grab sampling technique. The characteristics of raw wastewater and microalgae Scenedesmus sp. were determined. There are five sample wastewater (used 625ml for each five sample wastewater) with five different sample concentrations of microalgae which are 6.50x105, 49.88x104, 34.75x104, 19.63x104 and 49.88x104 cell/ml with 16 days as duration for period study. The microalgae were cultured by BBM for eight days and another eight days for treatment with replicates three times for each sample. The analysis were measured due to the nutrient and heavy metal removals which are TN, TP, TOC, Fe and Zn during eight days treatment process. Based on experimental result, the optimum efficiency removals for each concentration were achieved 45.6-86.4% of nutrients and heavy metals removal. The highest amount of nutrient and heavy metal removals after wastewater treatment by microalgae are TN 74.77%, TP 82.17%, TOC 86.36%, Fe 65.76% and Zn 84.14%. As conclusion for this experiment, Sample 2 (concentration 49.88x104 cell/ml of microalgae Scenedesmus sp.) is the optimum concentration due to the highest percentage of nutrients and heavy metals removal which achieved 65.3-82.1% which TN 65.32%, TP 76.77%, TOC 80.34%, Fe 65.76% and Zn 82.12%.
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BOLAN, N. "Nutrient removal from farm effluents". Bioresource Technology 94, nr 3 (wrzesień 2004): 251–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2004.01.012.
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HARREMOËS, P. "Nutrient Removal for Marine Disposal". Water and Environment Journal 2, nr 2 (kwiecień 1988): 191–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-6593.1988.tb01272.x.
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Reddy, K. Ramesh, Robert H. Kadlec i Michael J. Chimney. "The Everglades Nutrient Removal Project". Ecological Engineering 27, nr 4 (październik 2006): 265–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoleng.2006.08.006.
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Wang, Yi, Shu-Jian Zheng, Li-Ying Pei, Li Ke, Dang-cong Peng i Si-Qing Xia. "Nutrient release, recovery and removal from waste sludge of a biological nutrient removal system". Environmental Technology 35, nr 21 (27.05.2014): 2734–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09593330.2014.920048.
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Tsyganko, Elena, Vladimir Kozenkov, Marina Modina i Angelika Voskanyan. "Economic removal of nutrient elements with crop yields". BIO Web of Conferences 103 (2024): 00060. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/202410300060.
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A significant number of nutrients are taken out of the soil by the harvest and, if they are not returned, in a few years the soil loses its fertility to such an extent that cultivation of vegetable crops becomes a meaningless activity. Searching for the reasons leading to significant variability of normative nutrient removal by grain crops is the purpose of the work. The authors performed calculations, used the results of field experiments with barley. Methods of determining the doses of mineral fertilizers, the balance of humus and nutrients in the soil are presented. The issues of resource conservation, occupational safety and environmental problems in the use of fertilizers are outlined.
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Greenway, M. "Suitability of macrophytes for nutrient removal from surface flow constructed wetlands receiving secondary treated sewage effluent in Queensland, Australia". Water Science and Technology 48, nr 2 (1.07.2003): 121–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2003.0101.
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From a botanical perspective the major difference between waste stabilisation ponds and wetlands is the dominance of algae or floating plants in the former and emergent plants in the latter. Algae, floating and submerged plants remove nutrients directly from the water column whereas emergent species remove nutrients from the sediment. Water depth is a crucial factor in determining which plant types will become established. Surface flow constructed wetlands offer the greatest potential to grow a wide variety of different types of macrophytes. In assessing the suitability of plant species for nutrient removal, consideration must be given not only to nutrient uptake for growth but also storage of nutrients as plant biomass. A survey of macrophytes in 15 surface flow constructed wetlands treating secondary effluent was conducted in Queensland; 63 native species and 14 introduced species were found. Emergent species have been able to tolerate deeper water than in their natural environment and permanent waterlogging. All species grew well in the higher nutrient enriched wastewater. Submerged, floating leaved-attached and free floating species had the highest tissue nutrient content, followed by aquatic creepers. All these species remove nutrients from the water column. Emergent species had lower nutrient content but a greater biomass and were therefore able to store more nutrients per unit area of wetland. In order to maximise the efficiency of constructed wetlands for nutrient removal, a range of species should be used. Native species should be selected in preference to introduced/exotic species.
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Ramavath, Nagasai Vardhan Naik, A. Velayutham i Ambatipudi Janaki Prasad. "Nutrient Removal Pattern of Weeds Due to Integrated Weed Management Practices in Hybrid Maize". International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences 11, nr 7 (10.07.2022): 247–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2022.1107.029.
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An experiment was conducted during rabi season of 2016-2017 at Agricultural College and Research Institute, Killikulam to study nutrient removal pattern of weeds due to integrated weed management practices in hybrid maize. Weeds compete with crops for nutrients and nutrient removal by weeds is a serious problem in a widely spaced crop like maize. Adoption of various weed control treatments exhibited significant influence on N removal by weeds on 20 DAS. Application alachlor @ 1.5 kg a.i ha-1 as pre- emergence with one hand weeding on 30 DAS (T2) registered significant lowest N removal of 5.8 kg ha-1 by weeds. The next best treatment was mechanical weeding with power weeder twice on 15 and 30 DAS (T11) which recorded a removal of 6.9 kg ha-1 N by weeds. Unweeded control (T12) recorded highest N removal by weeds (13.2 kg ha-1) which was statistically on par with the treatments T3 and T1. Pre-emergence application of alachlor @ 1.5 kg a.i ha-1 with one hand weeding on 30 DAS (T2) reduced the weed population, weed dry matter production and nutrient removal (N, P and K) by weeds.
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Moustafa, Mohamed Z. "Nutrient retention dynamics of the Everglades Nutrient Removal Project". Wetlands 19, nr 3 (wrzesień 1999): 689–704. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03161705.
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Karthik, M., i R. Nagendran. "Nutrient Reduction and Productivity Studies in Low Strength Freshwater Aquaculture Wastewater Using Lemna Gibba (Duckweed) System". Environment Conservation Journal 3, nr 1 (19.03.2002): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.36953/ecj.2002.030101.
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The use of macrophytes plants for treatment of wastewater for nutrient removable is addressed A stuoy was conducted to ascertain the nutrient reduction potential in freshwater aquaculture using Lemna gibba (Duckweed) Experiments were conducted with plastic trays of dimensions 34 27 y 6 cm Wastewater from freshwater aquaculture was collected and experimented under different dilutions. Nutrient removal and productivity of the Lemna gibba system were studied for a period of ten days. the experiments were conducted over a period of SO days The nutrient removal patterns were obtained for ammonia-nitrogen, nitrite, nitrate and phosphate Reductions in nutrient in the Lemna gibba system are higher in raw wastewater compared to dilutions. Ammonia nitrogen had maximum removal efficiency followed by nitrate, nitrite and phosphate. Biomass productivity was also higher in the raw wastewater series than with dilutions. The studies indicated the survival of Lemna gibba in low nutrient loading conditions and also as a potential biomass resource
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Naoufal, Bellahsen, Kertész Szabolcs, Pásztory Zoltán i Hodúr Cecilia. "Adsorption of nutrients using low-cost adsorbents from agricultural waste and by-products – review". Progress in Agricultural Engineering Sciences 14, nr 1 (grudzień 2018): 1–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/446.14.2018.1.1.
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Nutrient removal has become one of the key challenges for wastewater treatment facilities all over the world due to the harmful effect of these pollutants on water bodies and ecosystems known by eutrophication, however, most of the currently used technologies are not focused on nutrients recovery from wastewater. Recently, using agricultural waste/by-products for adsorption of nutrients acquired more interest because of their abundant availability, low-cost, high efficiency and eco-friendly advantages and this method may become more environmentally sustainable through maximizing removal while delivering nutrient and energy recovery technologies with economically attractive return on investment. This review investigates the application of agricultural waste/by-products as bio-sorbent for phosphate, ammonium and nitrate removal with a focus on the modification methods and the process mechanism including influent parameters, kinetics and isotherms.
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Mellado-Vázquez, Adriana, Samuel Salazar-García, Ricardo Goenaga i Alfredo López-Jiménez. "Survey of fruit nutrient removal by mango (Mangifera indica L.) cultivars for the export market in various producing regions of Mexico". REVISTA TERRA LATINOAMERICANA 37, nr 4 (28.10.2019): 437. http://dx.doi.org/10.28940/terra.v37i4.528.
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In Mexico there are more than 201 400 ha grown with different mango (Mangifera indica L.) cultivars. This may cause variations in mineral requirement, fruit mineral concentrations and nutrient removal. The objective of this research was to make a survey of mineral concentration in fruit tissues and calculate nutrient removal by fruit tissues during harvest of the most important mango cultivars (Ataulfo, Kent and Tommy Atkins) from several production regions (Campeche, Chiapas, Oaxaca, Nayarit, and Sinaloa) of Mexico. Fruit at physiological maturity were harvested from commercial mango orchards and concentration of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), sulfur (S), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), manganese (Mn), zinc (Zn) and boron (B) was determined for skin, mesocarp, endocarp, and seed tissues. Each tissue was cut into thin slices and they were dehydrated in a forced air oven at 70 °C, after that, were pulverized and they were analyzed: nitrogen by semi-microKjeldahl digestion, phosphorus with the ascorbic acid method and the other nutrients with atomic absorption. The removal of nutrients was calculated considering the weight of the fruit and the content of nutrients in each tissue. Signif icant differences in the concentration of N, K, Mg, and Zn were found among cultivars and tissues. Concentration of P, S, Cu, and Mn in the skin, Ca, Cu, and Mn in the mesocarp, Ca, S, Mn, and B in endocarp, and S, Fe, and Mn in the seed were not affected by mango cultivar. Production region affected concentration of minerals in ‘Ataulfo’ fruit more than in ‘Tommy Atkins’ and ‘Kent’. Nutrient removal by mango fruit tissues was little affected in cvs. Ataulfo, Tommy Atkins and Kent. The regions with the greatest nutrient removal were Oaxaca, Campeche and Sinaloa for ‘Ataulfo’, ‘Tommy Atkins’ and ‘Kent’, respectively.
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Mellado-Vázquez, Adriana, Samuel Salazar-García, Ricardo Goenaga i Alfredo López-Jiménez. "Survey of fruit nutrient removal by mango (Mangifera indica L.) cultivars for the export market in various producing regions of Mexico". REVISTA TERRA LATINOAMERICANA 37, nr 4 (28.10.2019): 437. http://dx.doi.org/10.28940/tl.v37i4.528.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
In Mexico there are more than 201 400 ha grown with different mango (Mangifera indica L.) cultivars. This may cause variations in mineral requirement, fruit mineral concentrations and nutrient removal. The objective of this research was to make a survey of mineral concentration in fruit tissues and calculate nutrient removal by fruit tissues during harvest of the most important mango cultivars (Ataulfo, Kent and Tommy Atkins) from several production regions (Campeche, Chiapas, Oaxaca, Nayarit, and Sinaloa) of Mexico. Fruit at physiological maturity were harvested from commercial mango orchards and concentration of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), sulfur (S), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), manganese (Mn), zinc (Zn) and boron (B) was determined for skin, mesocarp, endocarp, and seed tissues. Each tissue was cut into thin slices and they were dehydrated in a forced air oven at 70 °C, after that, were pulverized and they were analyzed: nitrogen by semi-microKjeldahl digestion, phosphorus with the ascorbic acid method and the other nutrients with atomic absorption. The removal of nutrients was calculated considering the weight of the fruit and the content of nutrients in each tissue. Signif icant differences in the concentration of N, K, Mg, and Zn were found among cultivars and tissues. Concentration of P, S, Cu, and Mn in the skin, Ca, Cu, and Mn in the mesocarp, Ca, S, Mn, and B in endocarp, and S, Fe, and Mn in the seed were not affected by mango cultivar. Production region affected concentration of minerals in ‘Ataulfo’ fruit more than in ‘Tommy Atkins’ and ‘Kent’. Nutrient removal by mango fruit tissues was little affected in cvs. Ataulfo, Tommy Atkins and Kent. The regions with the greatest nutrient removal were Oaxaca, Campeche and Sinaloa for ‘Ataulfo’, ‘Tommy Atkins’ and ‘Kent’, respectively.
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Altinbaş, Ufuk, i Izzet Öztürk. "Comparison of intermittently aerated continuous and batch biofilm reactor in nutrient removal". Water Science and Technology 48, nr 11-12 (1.12.2004): 371–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2004.0883.
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Removal efficiency of TOC ranged between 86–89% in an intermittently aerated reactor. High efficiency in TKN removal and nitrification was found at lower applied load or longer retention time such as 2 days. TKN removal and nitrification efficiency was found to be 17–96% and 35–99% respectively. Through examination and comparison of the removal efficiencies, the stability of nitrification/denitrification and the biological phosphorus removal it was found that the sequencing batch feeding system gave a higher performance in total nitrogen and phosphorus removals. In the SBR reactor, nitrogen removal efficiency was mainly controlled by organic loading. Nitrification efficiency ranged between 31–56%. Nearly complete denitrification was observed in the sequencing batch reactor.
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Yue, Caide, Hongmin Dong, Wanqin Zhang, Zhiping Zhu, Fubin Yin i Shunli Wang. "Effects of Membrane Concentration Processes on Flux, Nutrient Recovery, and Antibiotic Isolation for Anaerobically Digested Slurry from Swine Manure". Transactions of the ASABE 63, nr 6 (2020): 1639–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/trans.14096.
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HighlightsThree membrane concentration processes for anaerobically digested (AD) slurry were investigated.With regard to processing stability and efficiency, NF-RO was recommended for AD slurry concentration.Membrane concentration enables the synchronous recovery of nutrients and removal of antibiotics in AD slurry.Abstract. Membrane concentration processes have been used to treat anaerobically digested (AD) slurry for nutrient recovery and pollutant removal; however, these methods often face the challenges of low processing stability and efficiency. In this study, the performance (processing stability and efficiency) of three membrane concentration processes, including nanofiltration (NF), reverse osmosis (RO1) and two-stage NF-RO (NF-RO2), in treating ceramic membrane-pretreated swine manure AD slurry was evaluated and compared. Nutrient and antibiotic redistribution in the concentrate and permeate was also investigated. Results show that NF-RO2 had higher processing stability and efficiency than the other two processes. High nutrient recoveries of 61.9% for total nitrogen, 56.3% for total phosphorus, and 67.0% for potassium in the concentrates were observed in NF-RO2. The removal rates for antibiotics sulfamethazine and oxytetracycline in NF-RO2 were 99.3% and 81.9%, respectively. Therefore, NF-RO is an effective way to recover nutrients and remove pollutants from AD slurry. Keywords: Antibiotic flow, Nanofiltration, Nutrient flow, Reverse osmosis, Swine manure.
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Cecil, JS, GE Barth, NA Maier, WL Chvyl i MN Bartetzko. "Leaf chemical composition and nutrient removal by stems of Leucadendron cvv. Silvan Red and Safari Sunset". Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 35, nr 4 (1995): 547. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9950547.
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Chemical analysis was used to determine the concentrations of 12 nutrients in youngest fully expanded leaves (YFEL) of Leucadendron cvv. Silvan Red and Safari Sunset at 2 sites in the Mount Lofty Ranges. Leaves were sampled every month for 3 years, commencing in July 1990. The leaf nutrient data were used to define seasonal nutrient trends, thereby identifying the most suitable time for leaf analysis; to determine the magnitude of the differences in leaf nutrient composition between Leucadendron cultivars, and between Leucadendron and Protea hybrids; to calculate total nutrient removal by harvested stems, which can be used to formulate maintenance fertiliser programs; and to determine the correlations between nutrients. The seasonal increase in concentrations of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), and sodium (Na) in YFEL corresponded with the spring growth flush, after which concentrations decreased with time, particularly during summer and autumn. Concentrations of copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) were unstable during October-April and the seasonal trends were not consistent between sites or with other mobile nutrients (e.g. N, P, K). Concentrations of calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), sulfur (S), and boron (B) at site 1 decreased early in the season, were lowest when vegetative flushing peaked, and tended to increase during autumn and winter. Seasonal variation in the main nutrients removed in marketable stems (i.e. N, Ca, K, Mg) was minimal during June-August. However, to assess the overall nutrient status of plantings, sampling in June is most suitable. Crop nutrient surveys conducted at this time, in conjunction with productivity and quality data, can be used to develop interpretation standards for leaf analysis. For all nutrients, the seasonal trends were similar for the 2 cultivars, but concentrations of Mn were consistently lower in YFEL of Silvan Red than Safari Sunset. In contrast to the small differences between cultivars, there were large differences in leaf nutrient composition between the Leucadendron cultivars and Protea 'Pink Ice'. For example, Mg, Na, and Mn concentrations were consistently lower, and N, K, Ca, and Fe higher, in YFEL of Pink Ice than in the Leucadendron cultivars. For these nutrients, different interpretation standards may be required for Leucadendron and Protea hybrids. The major nutrients removed in harvested stems were Na, N, Ca, K, and Mg. Based on nutrient uptake data alone, we suggest annual applications of N and Ca at 20-30 g/plant, and Mg and K at 10-15 g/plant, on acid sands. Significant (P<0.05) correlations were found between many nutrients. For example, N concentrations were positively correlated with P, K, Na, and Zn, and negatively correlated with Ca, Mg, and Fe concentrations. These significant relationships may indicate synergistic and antagonistic interactions between nutrients, which need to be considered when interpreting plant test data.
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Han, P., K. Vijayaraghavan, S. Reuben, E. S. Estrada i U. M. Joshi. "Reduction of nutrient contaminants into shallow eutrophic waters through vegetated treatment beds". Water Science and Technology 68, nr 6 (1.09.2013): 1280–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2013.361.
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One of the most effective mitigative approaches to eutrophication is the reduction of nutrient loading into water bodies. Bioremediation presents an economically viable and ecologically sustainable technology to nutrient pollution control taking advantage of the remarkable ability of plants and their associated microbial community to assimilate and remove nutrients from the environment. In this study, four emergent macrophytes (Cyperus haspan, Pandanus amaryllifolius, Pontederia cordata and Thalia geniculata) and two floating plants (Hygroryza aristata and Pistia stratiotes) were deployed in bank-side treatment beds and comparatively assessed for their remediative capabilities for nutrient control. P. stratiotes exhibited the highest removal efficiency for both nitrate and phosphate among the six plant species studied. Emergent macrophytes, P. amaryllifolius, C. haspan and P. cordata, were also found to be highly effective in nutrient uptake exhibiting removal efficiencies up to 100%. With the exception of T. geniculata, depletion of nutrients as a result of plant uptake significantly impeded the natural colonization of algae invariably leading to improvements in water quality in terms of turbidity and pH. Suppression of algae proliferation by T. geniculata was not preceded by a reduction in nutrient concentrations suggesting that T. geniculata may be directly inhibiting algal growth through allelopathy.
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Xaxiri, Eirini, Evangelos Darivakis, Ioannis Karavidas, Georgia Ntatsi i Dimitrios Savvas. "Comparing the Nutritional Needs of Two Solanaceae and One Cucurbitaceae Species Grown Hydroponically under the Same Cropping Conditions". Plants 12, nr 20 (22.10.2023): 3642. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants12203642.
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Switching over to closed-loop soilless culture systems, thus preventing pollution of water resources by nitrates and saving water and fertilizers, requires accurate estimations of the mean nutrient-to-water uptake ratios. To contribute to this objective, three fruit vegetable species (tomato, eggplant, cucumber) were grown hydroponically in a floating system under identical cropping conditions to quantify species differences in nutrient uptake. The composition of the nutrient solution used to feed the crops was identical for all species. The total water consumption and the concentrations of most nutrients (K, Ca, Mg, N, P, Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, B) in the nutrient solution and the plant tissues were measured at crop establishment and at two different crop developmental stages. The obtained data were used to determine the uptake concentrations (UCs) using two mass balance models, one based on nutrient removal from the nutrient solution and a second based on nutrient recovery in the plant tissues. The experiment was conducted in the spring–summer season. The results revealed that the nutrient uptake concentrations were substantially different between species for all nutrients except for N, while there were also significant interactions between the two methods used for their estimation of some nutrients. Thus, the UCs of N, P, Ca, and some micronutrients were significantly higher when its estimation was based on the removal of nutrients from the nutrient solution compared to recovery from plant tissues, presumably because with the first method, losses due to denitrification or precipitation could not be separated from those of plant uptake. The comparison of the three greenhouse vegetables revealed a similar UC for nitrogen, while cucumber generally showed significantly lower UCs for P and for the micronutrients Fe, Zn, and Cu at both cropping stages compared to the two Solanaceae species. The obtained results can be used to precisely adjust the nutrient supply in closed-loop soilless cultivations to the plant uptake thus avoiding both depletion and accumulation of nutrients in the root environment.
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Dalsgaard, J., M. von Ahnen i PB Pedersen. "Nutrient removal in a slow-flowing constructed wetland treating aquaculture effluent". Aquaculture Environment Interactions 13 (9.09.2021): 363–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/aei00411.
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Danish model trout farms (MTFs) use stream-like constructed wetlands for effluent polishing, and the industry is keen to improve wetland removal efficiency. To facilitate this, we examined longitudinal and seasonal nutrient removals in an MTF wetland with a hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 1.7 d, a free water surface (FWS) area of 7510 m2, and a volume of 6008 m3. Biweekly, 24-h composite water samples were obtained for 1 yr at 6 sampling stations along the wetland. Assuming plug flow conditions, reductions in particulate and dissolved nutrient concentrations were modelled as first-order removal processes, and removal rate constants (k1,A, m d-1) were plotted to reveal seasonal fluctuations. Particulate phosphorus and organic matter k1,A fluctuated more or less randomly through the year, reflecting that particulate nutrient removal predominantly takes place by sedimentation. In contrast, dissolved nitrogen, phosphorus, and organic matter k1,A fluctuated seasonally, demonstrating that dissolved nutrient removal relies on biologically mediated processes. Temperature oscillations probably governed the observed seasonal fluctuations in nitrate-N k1,A and could be approximated with an Arrhenius temperature coefficient of 1.07. Furthermore, denitrification appeared to be carbon-limited. Incoming dissolved phosphorous and ammonia became incorporated in the natural wetland growth cycle that included periods of net removal and release, resulting in minimal annual net removal. In summary, this study shows that improving nitrate removal in a slow-flowing MTF wetland would require some kind of carbon dosing, while further improving ammonia and phosphorus removal would require a reduction of the amounts of ammonia and dissolved phosphorus entering the wetland.
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Kang, Donghan, i Keugtae Kim. "Real Wastewater Treatment Using a Moving Bed and Wastewater-Borne Algal–Bacterial Consortia with a Short Hydraulic Retention Time". Processes 9, nr 1 (7.01.2021): 116. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr9010116.
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Algal–bacterial consortium is a promising technology, combined with wastewater treatment plants, because algae produce molecular oxygen for nitrification and organic removal and reduce carbon dioxide emissions. However, algal–bacterial consortia based on suspended growth require a relatively long hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 4 d to 6 d for removal of organic matter and nutrients. For the algal–bacterial consortia in a photobioreactor (PBR) containing a moving bed, the organic matter and nutrient removal and the community structure of algal–bacterial consortia were investigated to determine the performance under a relatively short HRT of 2.5 d. Moving media containing algal–bacterial consortia enhanced the photosynthetic oxygen concentration (0.2 mg dissolved oxygen (DO)·L−1 to 5.9 mg DO·L−1), biochemical oxygen demand removal (88.0% to 97.2%), ammoniacal nitrogen removal (33.8% to 95.3%), total nitrogen removal (61.6% to 87.7%), total phosphate removal (66.4% to 88.7%), algal growth (149.3 mg algae·L−1 to 285.4 mg algae·L−1), and settleability (algae removal efficiency of 20.6% to 71.2%) compared with those of a PBR without moving media (SPBR). Although biomass uptake was the main mechanism for nutrient removal in the SPBR, both biomass uptake and denitrification were the main mechanisms in the PBR with moving media (MBPBR). The bacterial community also changed under the moving media condition. This study shows that moving media might be an essential parameter for PBRs with a short HRT to enhance nutrient removal and settleability.
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Kang, Donghan, i Keugtae Kim. "Real Wastewater Treatment Using a Moving Bed and Wastewater-Borne Algal–Bacterial Consortia with a Short Hydraulic Retention Time". Processes 9, nr 1 (7.01.2021): 116. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr9010116.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Algal–bacterial consortium is a promising technology, combined with wastewater treatment plants, because algae produce molecular oxygen for nitrification and organic removal and reduce carbon dioxide emissions. However, algal–bacterial consortia based on suspended growth require a relatively long hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 4 d to 6 d for removal of organic matter and nutrients. For the algal–bacterial consortia in a photobioreactor (PBR) containing a moving bed, the organic matter and nutrient removal and the community structure of algal–bacterial consortia were investigated to determine the performance under a relatively short HRT of 2.5 d. Moving media containing algal–bacterial consortia enhanced the photosynthetic oxygen concentration (0.2 mg dissolved oxygen (DO)·L−1 to 5.9 mg DO·L−1), biochemical oxygen demand removal (88.0% to 97.2%), ammoniacal nitrogen removal (33.8% to 95.3%), total nitrogen removal (61.6% to 87.7%), total phosphate removal (66.4% to 88.7%), algal growth (149.3 mg algae·L−1 to 285.4 mg algae·L−1), and settleability (algae removal efficiency of 20.6% to 71.2%) compared with those of a PBR without moving media (SPBR). Although biomass uptake was the main mechanism for nutrient removal in the SPBR, both biomass uptake and denitrification were the main mechanisms in the PBR with moving media (MBPBR). The bacterial community also changed under the moving media condition. This study shows that moving media might be an essential parameter for PBRs with a short HRT to enhance nutrient removal and settleability.
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Raper, W. G., i J. M. Green. "Simple process for nutrient removal from food processing effluents". Water Science and Technology 43, nr 3 (1.02.2001): 123–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2001.0127.
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Food processing effluents often contain high levels of nutrients, particularly N. Conventionally, anaerobic ponds are used to purify these effluents in Australia, giving cost-effective removal of BOD but little nutrient removal. It has become apparent that disposal by irrigation as presently practised normally exceeds sustainable N application rates, thus reduction of nutrient levels before irrigation is becoming mandatory. Meatworks effluent is often discharged to country town sewers, frequently accounting for 50-75% of the nutrient load. Meatworks effluents contain 1,000-4,000 mg/L BOD, 200-400 mg/L TKN and 20-50 mg/L P. Conventional BNR technology can readily remove nutrients from such effluents, either alone or in combination with anaerobic ponds but sludge handling on such a small scale poses economic problems. Laboratory scale trials showed that both BOD removal from meatworks effluent and sludge disposal could be achieved readily in conventional anaerobic ponds. The pond effluent, together with the town sewage if required, could be treated in a sequencing batch reactor (SBR) designed for nitrification/denitrification service. Optimisation of the anaerobic pond operation was required to ensure production of the minimum BOD:N ratio needed for N removal. This paper will describe the design and commissioning of two plants; a demonstration plant installed at a typical sized meatworks in Gippsland, Victoria, and a full scale plant for treatment of combined domestic sewage and effluent from a large meatworks at Longford, Tasmania. In neither case (for different reasons) has P removal yet been required. It was demonstrated that 98% of BOD and up to 95% N removal may be cheaply and readily achieved in the SBR. Where lagoons are used, levels of N suitable for river discharge can be achieved. P can be readily removed by alum treatment when required.