Artykuły w czasopismach na temat „NSOL”
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Kwon, Sangjin, Youngmo Jeong i Sungho Jeong. "Characterization of Uniformity and Reproducibility of Photoresist Nanomasks Fabricated by Near-Field Scanning Optical Nanolithography". Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 6, nr 11 (1.11.2006): 3647–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2006.074.
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The uniformity and reproducibility of the photoresist nanopatterns fabricated using near-field scanning optical nanolithography (NSOL) are investigated. The nanopatterns could be used as nanomasks for pattern transfer on a silicon wafer. In the NSOL process, uniform patterning with high reproducibility is essential for reliable transfer of the mask patterns on a silicon substrate. Using an aperture type cantilever nanoprobe operated at contact mode and a positive photoresist, various nanopatterns are produced on thin photoresist layer coated on the silicon substrate. The size and shape variations of thereby produced patterns are investigated using atomic force microscope to determine their uniformity and reproducibility. It is demonstrated that the NSOL-produced photoresist nanomasks can be successfully applied for silicon pattern transfer by fabricating a silicon nanochannel array.
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Gourlez de la Motte, Louis, Quentin Beauclaire, Bernard Heinesch, Mathias Cuntz, Lenka Foltýnová, Ladislav Šigut, Natalia Kowalska i in. "Non-stomatal processes reduce gross primary productivity in temperate forest ecosystems during severe edaphic drought". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 375, nr 1810 (7.09.2020): 20190527. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2019.0527.
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Severe drought events are known to cause important reductions of gross primary productivity ( GPP ) in forest ecosystems. However, it is still unclear whether this reduction originates from stomatal closure (Stomatal Origin Limitation) and/or non-stomatal limitations (Non-SOL). In this study, we investigated the impact of edaphic drought in 2018 on GPP and its origin (SOL, NSOL) using a dataset of 10 European forest ecosystem flux towers. In all stations where GPP reductions were observed during the drought, these were largely explained by declines in the maximum apparent canopy scale carboxylation rate V CMAX,APP (NSOL) when the soil relative extractable water content dropped below around 0.4. Concurrently, we found that the stomatal slope parameter ( G 1 , related to SOL) of the Medlyn et al . unified optimization model linking vegetation conductance and GPP remained relatively constant. These results strengthen the increasing evidence that NSOL should be included in stomatal conductance/photosynthesis models to faithfully simulate both GPP and water fluxes in forest ecosystems during severe drought. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Impacts of the 2018 severe drought and heatwave in Europe: from site to continental scale’.
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Noviana, Rita, Muhammad In‟am Ilmiawan i Mitra Handini. "Efek Protektif Sinergis Kombinasi Minyak Jintan Hitam (Nigella sativa) Komersial dan Madu terhadap Nefrotoksisitas pada Tikus akibat Cisplatin". Jurnal Biotek Medisiana Indonesia 9, nr 1 (30.09.2020): 67–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.22435/jbmi.v9i1.3900.
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Abstrak Cisplatin (CP) merupakan agen kemoterapi yang banyak digunakan dan menyebabkan nefrotoksisitas. Minyak jintan hitam (MJH) dan madu (M) diketahui memiliki efek nefroprotektif. Tujuan: Mengetahui efek dan sinergitas kombinasi MJH dan madu pada kadar malondialdehid (MDA) ginjal tikus yang diberi pajanan CP. Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan 30 ekor tikus jantan yang dibagi menjadi 10 kelompok: Kontrol Normal (KN) (diet ad libitum), MJH1 (1 mL/kgBB MJH), MJH2 (2 mL/kgBB MJH), M1 (3,7 mL/kgBB M), M2 (7,4 mL/kgBB M), MJH1-M1 (1 mL/kgBB MJH dan 3,7 mL/kgBB M), MJH1-M2 (1 mL/kgBB MJH dan 7,4 mL/kgBB M), MJH2-M1 (2 mL/kgBB MJH dan 3,7 mL/kgBB M), MJH2-M2 (2 mL/kgBB MJH dan 7,4 mL/kgBB M), dan CP (diet ad libitum). MJH dan madu diberikan secara oral selama 21 hari. Pada hari ke-18, KN diberikan NaCl 0,9% 1 ml/kgBB sedangkan sisanya diberikan CP dosis tunggal 8 mg/kgBB secara intraperitoneal. Kadar MDA ginjal diukur menggunakan metode thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS). Didapatkan kadar MDA ginjal yang lebih rendah pada semua kelompok dosis tunggal dan kombinasi dibandingkan dengan kelompok CP (p=0,000). Semua kelompok dosis kombinasi memiliki indeks kombinasi <1. Kombinasi MJH dan madu memberikan efek protektif sinergis terhadap kerusakan oksidatif jaringan ginjal tikus akibat pajanan CP. Kata kunci: Minyak jintan hitam, madu, indeks kombinasi, cisplatin, nefrotoksisitas Abstract Cisplatin (CP) is a widely used chemotherapeutic agent that induces nephrotoxicity. Nigella sativa oil (NSO) and honey (H) have demonsrated nephroprotective effect. To investigate the effect and synergy of NSO and honey combination on kidney malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in CP-induced rats. Thirty male rats were divided into ten groups: Normal Control (NC), NSO1, NSO2, H1, H2, NSO1-H1, NSO1-H2, NSO2-H1, NSO2-H2, and CP-treated group which received ad libitum diet, 1 mL/kgbwt. NSO, 2 mL/ kgbwt. NSO, 3.7 mL/kgbwt. H, 7.4 mL/kgbwt. H, 1 mL/kgbwt. NSO and 3.7 mL/kgbwt. H, 1 mL/kgbwt. NSO and 7.4 mL/kgbwt. H, 2 mL/kgbwt. NSO and 3.7 mL/kgbwt. H, 2 mL/kgbwt. NSO and 7.4 mL/kgbwt. H, ad libitum diet, respectively, for 21 days. On the 18th day, NC group received 1 ml/kgbwt. NaCl 0.9% while the rest received 8 mg/kgbwt. single dose CP intraperitoneally. Kidney MDA levels was measured using thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) method. Kidney MDA levels was significantly lower in all single and combination dose treatment groups compared to CP-treated group (p=0,000). Combination index of all combination dose treatment groups is <1. NSO and honey combination provided synergistic protective effect against CP-induced oxidative damage in kidney tissue in rats. Keywords: Nigella sativa oil, honey, combination index, cisplatin, nephrotoxicity
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da Cas, Natália Ventura, Renato Assis Machado, Ricardo Della Coletta i Ana Lúcia Carrinho Ayroza Rangel. "Patterns of dental anomalies in patients with nonsyndromic oral cleft". Brazilian Journal of Oral Sciences 19 (27.08.2020): e208729. http://dx.doi.org/10.20396/bjos.v19i0.8658729.
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Aim: To characterize the patterns of dental anomalies (DA) in the mixed and permanent dentitions of patients with nonsyndromic oral cleft (NSOC). Methods: This cross-sectional, observational, case-control study included 173 patients, 61 with mixed dentition (NSOC=29 and control=32) and 112 with permanent dentition (NSOC=57 and control=55). All subjected were submitted to clinical and radiographic examination. Dental anomalies of eruption, number, size and shape outside the cleft area were considered. Results: Although there was no statistical significance among patients with mixed dentition, dental agenesis was the anomaly more common in this group. In patients with permanent dentition, a higher prevalence of DA in NSOC group compared to control group was observed (p=0.02). Gyroversion and dental agenesis were the DA more frequently observed in the permanent dentition and the second premolar was the tooth more affected (p=0.003). Mandible and the left side were more involved, and dental agenesis was more frequently found in patients with unilateral cleft lip with or without cleft palate (NSCL±P). Conclusion: Our findings show a higher frequency of DA in NSOCs than in the control group in patients with permanent dentition, mainly due to a higher occurrence of agenesis of second premolars in patients with unilateral NSCL±P.
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Bell-Laroche, Dina, Joanne MacLean, Lucie Thibault i Richard Wolfe. "Leader Perceptions of Management by Values Within Canadian National Sport Organizations". Journal of Sport Management 28, nr 1 (styczeń 2014): 68–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jsm.2012-0304.
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This study examined sport leaders’ perceptions of the use of stated values in the management and performance of their organization. Qualitative data were collected from nine Canadian national sport organizations (NSOs) in a multiple-case studies design, involving analysis of interview transcripts. Results indicated that while many of the NSOs operated from a traditional management by objectives approach, they perceived management by values (MBV) as being important and contributing to enhanced organizational performance. Leaders indicated that more efforts to engage staff members in developing core organizational values and to strategically use values in day-to-day management practice were required. A 4-I Framework describing how an NSO can progress through different stages of strategically using values in management practice was developed. NSO leaders also voiced an interest in embedding organizational values into NSO strategic and other planning processes.
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Balsalobre, Marco Antonio Alvares, Moacyr Corsi, Patricia Menezes Santos, Ivan Vieira i Ramiro Ruiz Cárdenas. "Composição química e fracionamento do nitrogênio e dos carboidratos do capim- Tanzânia irrigado sob três níveis de resíduo pós-pastejo". Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia 32, nr 3 (czerwiec 2003): 519–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1516-35982003000300003.
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Amostras simulando o pastejo de capim-Tanzânia (Panicum maximum Jacq.) irrigado sob três resíduos pós-pastejo (baixo, médio e alto) foram coletadas ao longo de um ano e analisadas para a determinação da composição protéica e dos carboidratos, e das frações protéicas e de carboidratos (CNCPS). O teor de NDT foi calculado. Não foi encontrada diferença entre os tratamentos ao longo do ano. Os maiores teores de fibra em detergente neutro - FDN (68,3 a 64,5%) e fibra em detergente ácido - FDA (34,89 a 33,18%) ocorreram no período de primavera/verão. A lignina apresentou maiores proporções no inverno (4,68 a 4,10%), o que provocou variação na fração C dos carboidratos (14,14 a 23,21% dos carboidratos totais). O NDT variou entre 55,26 e 59,31%. O teor de PB apresentou tendência de aumento ao longo do ano, variando de 11,29 a 14,61%. Os teores de nitrogênio não-protéico (NnP) variaram entre 18,23 e 28,77%PB, sendo menor para os pastejos de primavera/verão. O Nsol variou de 24,97 a 35,97 %PB. A fração de nitrogênio aderido à FDN (nFDN) foi, em média, de 49,11%PB. Para o nitrogênio aderido à FDA (nFDA), a variação foi de 6,48 e 11,94 %PB. A menor qualidade da planta foi entre julho a setembro, podendo estar relacionada à menor renovação de tecidos durante o período de inverno e ao acúmulo de perfilhos florescidos. A maior proporção do N encontra-se na parede celular (fração B3) e foi, em média, de 40%PB, indicando que essa fração deve ter prioridade de estudo no tocante à cinética de degradação ruminal.
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Kasale, Lobone Lloyd, Mathieu Winand i Leigh Robinson. "Performance management of National Sports Organisations: a holistic theoretical model". Sport, Business and Management: An International Journal 8, nr 5 (12.11.2018): 469–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/sbm-10-2017-0056.
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Purpose Organisational performance of sport organisations has been studied over the last three decades. However, little attention was paid towards performance management (PM) compared to performance measurement. The purpose of this paper is to close this research gap by establishing a holistic perspective for PM of National Sports Organisations (NSOs) that accounts for their uniqueness, the interdependence of their operating systems and their relationship with their environments. Furthermore, this paper presents a holistic model of PM for NSOs. Design/methodology/approach The model was developed from a literature review process and uses the macro, meso and micro framework to describe external and internal environmental influences that affect the PM of NSOs. Findings The NSO’s ability to respond to the dynamics of their external environment by implementing organisational processes that account for the resources available and their structural designs influences their PM. Furthermore, the ability of the individuals within NSO to create enabling environments for PM influences organisational efficiency and effectiveness. Research limitations/implications This paper contributes to sport management literature on the PM of NSOs, and informs sport managers on ways to improve organisational performance by implementing holistic approaches to PM. Originality/value This is the first study that takes a holistic approach to PM of NSO and depicts the specific elements that play a crucial role in managing NSO’s multi-dimensional performance.
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Macris, Luke I., i Michael P. Sam. "Belief, Doubt, and Legitimacy in a Performance System: National Sport Organization Perspectives". Journal of Sport Management 28, nr 5 (wrzesień 2014): 529–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jsm.2012-0290.
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With growing governmental involvement in sport, there has been a corresponding demand on national sport organizations (NSOs) to operate within performance measurement systems. In this study, we analyze data from New Zealand to determine NSO officials’ perceptions of (a) their reporting relationship with the central agency (Sport and Recreation New Zealand), and (b) the system of performance contracts (or “investment schedules”). Following Norman (2002), we found differing perceptions regarding the legitimacy of performance systems and three tensions emerged. First, the clarity of focus enabled by performance measurement was tempered by the perception of an ever-changing political environment. Second, NSO officials acted strategically and opportunistically at times, marshalling arguments around performance measures to “capture” their principal. Third, neither trust nor distrust in the system necessarily translated into compliance; some NSOs sought independence from the system. This research speaks to the legitimacy of performance systems, a significant but tenuous element to their sustainability.
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Chivers, Tristram, Kenneth J. Schmidt, Deane D. McIntyre i Hans J. Vogel. "Spectroscopic studies of N–S–O anions: The reactions of NSO− with elemental sulphur and with S4N4". Canadian Journal of Chemistry 67, nr 11 (1.11.1989): 1788–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v89-277.
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The reaction of (Me2N)3S+NSO− with sulphur has been investigated by ultraviolet–visible, infrared, Raman, and 14N, 17O, and 33S nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopies. The red species (λmax 501 nm) formed initially is tentatively identified as SSNSO−. This anion is thermally unstable with respect to the formation of S4N− and sulphur oxyanions. Previously reported salts of the "NSO2−" ion have been reinvestigated by infrared, Raman, and 14N nmr spectroscopies, which indicate that the major component of these salts is the NSO− ion. The reaction of (Me2N)3S+NSO− with S4N4 is shown by 14N nmr spectroscopy to produce both S3N3O−, the major product, and S3N3−. Keywords: nitrogen–sulphur–oxygen (N–S–O) anions, 14N NMR spectroscopy.
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Bond, Monica L., Tonja Y. Chi, Curtis M. Bradley i Dominick A. DellaSala. "Forest Management, Barred Owls, and Wildfire in Northern Spotted Owl Territories". Forests 13, nr 10 (20.10.2022): 1730. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f13101730.
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The Northern Spotted Owl (Strix occidentalis caurina) (NSO) was listed as federally threatened in 1992 due to widespread logging of its old-growth forest habitat. The NSO recovery plan in 2011 elevated competition with Barred Owls (Strix varia) (BO) and wildfires as primary NSO threats based partly on the assumption that severely burned forests were no longer NSO nesting and roosting habitat. We quantified amount of logging before and/or after wildfire and opportunistic detections of BOs within two home range scales (0.8 and 2.09 km) at 105 NSO sites that experienced severe wildfire from 2000–2017. Logging affected 87% of severely burned NSO sites, with BO recorded at 22% of burned-and-logged sites. Most (60%) severely burned NSO sites had evidence of logging both before and after fires while only 12% of severely burned sites had no logging or BO detections, indicating rarity of NSO territories subjected to severe fire without the compounding stressors of logging and invasive BOs. We recommend changes to NSO habitat modeling that assume nesting and roosting habitat is no longer viable if severely burned, and to the US Fish and Wildlife Service’s practice of granting incidental take permits for NSOs in logging operations within severely burned owl sites.
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Lovrecic, Barbara, Mercedes Lovrecic, Branko Gabrovec, Marco Carli, Matteo Pacini, Angelo G. I. Maremmani i Icro Maremmani. "Non-Medical Use of Novel Synthetic Opioids: A New Challenge to Public Health". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, nr 2 (9.01.2019): 177. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16020177.
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Background: In the last decade there has been a progressive increase in the use of new psychoactive substances (NPSs) that are not yet under international control. In particular, novel synthetic opioids (NSOs) have reappeared on the recreational drug market in the last few years. As a result, the use of NSOs has increased rapidly. This poses an emerging and demanding challenge to public health. Aim: To raise awareness among clinicians and other professionals about NPSs, especially NSOs, to summarize current knowledge about pharmacological properties, forms of NSO on the market, pattern of use, effects and consequences of use. Methods: An electronic search was carried out on the Medline/PubMed and Google Scholar databases to find selected search terms. Results: Some NPSs are already controlled, while others can be legally sold directly on the drug market (mainly via internet, less so by drug dealers) or be used as precursors for the synthesis of other designer drugs that mimic the psychoactive effects of controlled substances. Potential side-effects of NSOs include miosis, sedation, respiratory depression, hypothermia, inhibition of gastrointestinal propulsion, death (from opioid overdose). Conclusions: The severity of the opioid crisis has intensified with the introduction of highly potent NSOs on the drug market. As long as addicts are dying from overdose or similar causes, there is something more constructive to do than waiting for addicts to overdose on heroin at a place located near a remedy, as if to say, within reach of naloxone.
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Pandey, Krishna K. "Coordination chemistry of NSO−, NSO2− and S3N− ligands: comparison of electronic structure of RhNSO, RhSH and RhCl complexes". Inorganica Chimica Acta 182, nr 2 (kwiecień 1991): 163–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0020-1693(00)90151-8.
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Eastvold, Angela, Yana Suchy i Donald Strassberg. "Executive Function Profiles of Pedophilic and Nonpedophilic Child Molesters". Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society 17, nr 2 (6.01.2011): 295–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1355617710001669.
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AbstractThere is increasing evidence of neurocognitive dysfunction among child molesters, supporting the notion of brain anomalies among pedophiles. However, approximately half of child molesters are not pedophilic (i.e., are not primarily attracted to children), and neurocognitive differences between pedophilic (PED) and nonpedophilic (NPED) child molesters are not well understood. The purpose of this study was to assess neurocognition, specifically executive functioning (EF), among phallometrically defined PED and NPED child molesters, relative to nonsexual offenders (NSO). Participants (N = 89) were compared on seven EF domains. Results revealed that (a) child molesters exhibited an overall executive profile that was different from that of NSOs, with PEDs differing from NSOs but not from NPEDs; (b) child molesters on the whole performed better than NSOs on abstract reasoning and more poorly on inhibition; and (c) PEDs performed better than NPEDs on planning and exhibited better overall performance accuracy relative to NPEDs. These results suggest that PEDs exhibit a more deliberate, planful response style characterized by greater self-monitoring; whereas NPEDs appear to respond more impulsively. The current report further elucidates neurocognition among child molesters and highlights the need for future research examining subtypes of child molesters. (JINS, 2011, 17, 295–307)
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Osokin, Nikita. "User engagement and gratifications of NSO supporters on Facebook". International Journal of Sports Marketing and Sponsorship 20, nr 1 (4.02.2019): 61–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijsms-11-2017-0115.
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Purpose Building on the findings of previous related literature, this paper adopts the uses and gratifications (U&G) theory to analyze how social media users engage with content posted by European football associations (FAs). The purpose of this paper is to identify various post attributes that would aid national sports organizations (NSO) in reaching their online audiences and excelling their media presence. Design/methodology/approach A coding framework was designed to differentiate Facebook posts by topic, post design and content type. A sample of 2,450 posts from the official Facebook accounts of 49 FAs was collected. Engagement was measured using three metrics: likes, comments and shares. The derived categories of content were coded as dichotomous dummy variables and ran through a multivariate OLS regression analysis. Three regression analyzes were conducted, where each of the engagement metrics served as the dependent variable. Findings The findings of this paper show that relevance of post topics has a significant effect on engagement. Users interacted most with posts related to the male national A-team, while club football news had a negative response from the followers. Graphic elements such as images and videos positively impact an FA’s ability to generate post likes. Exclusive and behind-the-scenes content made users react extremely well, affecting all engagement metrics. Raw news (match reports, team line-ups) was of little interest to Facebook users. Originality/value U&G theory has yet to have been applied to social media studies in the NSO context. Previous studies have either looked at specific case studies of a single NSO or NSOs within a single country, while this paper reviewed the social media practices of 49 NSOs under the umbrella of a single continental sports federation.
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Quản Thành Nam, Nguyễn Phi Long, Cát Thị Quỳnh Anh i Đỗ Lan Hương. "ĐÁNH GIÁ NỘI SOI ỐNG MỀM TRONG CHẨN ĐOÁN UNG THƯ HẠ HỌNG, THANH QUẢN". VietNam Military Medical Unisversity 47, nr 8 (28.10.2022): 111–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.56535/jmpm.v47i8.100.
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Mục tiêu: Khảo sát một số đặc điểm ung thư hạ họng, thanh quản (UTHHTQ) và đối chiếu kết quả nội soi ống mềm (NSOM) và nội soi ống cứng (NSOC) optic 700 trong chẩn đoán UTHHTQ. Đối tượng và phương pháp: Nghiên cứu mô tả từng ca bệnh trên 30 bệnh nhân (BN) được chẩn đoán ung thư hạ hong (UTHH), ung thư thanh quản (UTTQ). Kết quả: Về giới tính; 100% BN là nam. Nhóm tuổi hay gặp nhất từ 51 - 70 (63,3%); các triệu chứng cơ năng chính khi vào viện: Khàn tiếng 56,7%; nuốt vướng 53,3%, 100% BN có tiền sử hút thuốc và uống rượu. Phân loại T qua NSOM: Tx (33,3); T1 chiếm chủ yếu (30,0%); vị trí của UTHH chủ yếu ở xoang lê (52,6%), vị trí của UTTQ chủ yếu ở dây thanh (63,6%), có 73,3% BN dây thanh di động bình thường; u sùi chiếm 47,6%. Phân loại giai đoạn T cơ bản tương đồng, vị trí khối u giữa NSOM và ống cứng optic 700 là tương đồng; có sự khác nhau về vị trí lan tràn của khối u ở mặt sau nắp thanh thiệt, mép trước và hạ thanh môn. Kết luận: Nội soi UTHHTQ ống mềm thuận tiện và cho kết quả chính xác hơn nội soi thanh quản ống cứng.
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Sen, Mitali, i Derek Azar. "The Tool for Assessing Statistical Capacity (TASC)". Statistical Journal of the IAOS 37, nr 3 (1.09.2021): 793–803. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/sji-210836.
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Identifying strengths and limitations is crucial to building the statistical capacity of a national statistical office (NSO). The Tool for Assessing Statistical Capacity (TASC), developed by the U.S. Census Bureau, offers an efficient solution for statistical capacity assessments because it allows for one or two administrator(s) – who need not necessarily be expert in all census and survey operations – to obtain a comprehensive and objective picture of household-based census and survey operations at an NSO. Administering the TASC is cost effective and the results are widely accepted because of its participatory nature, making it an invaluable instrument for assessing an NSOs readiness to conduct surveys and censuses. Results from the TASC are used to target training to build statistical capacity. This paper describes the foundational framework, modality of measurement, strengths, and limitations of the TASC.
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Bailie, James. "Big data, differential privacy and national statistical organisations". Statistical Journal of the IAOS 36, nr 4 (25.11.2020): 1067–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/sji-200685.
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Differential privacy (DP) has emerged in the computer science literature as a measure of the impact on an individual’s privacy resulting from the publication of a statistical output such as a frequency table. This paper provides an introduction to DP for official statisticians and discuss its relevance, benefits and challenges from a National Statistical Organisation (NSO) perspective. We motivate our study by examining how privacy is evolving in the era of big data and how this might prompt a shift from traditional statistical disclosure techniques used in official statistics – which are generally applied on a cell-by-cell or table-by-table basis – to formal privacy methods, like DP, which are applied from a perspective encompassing the totality of the outputs generated from a given dataset. We identify an important interplay between DP’s holistic privacy risk measure and the difficulty for NSOs in implementing DP, showing that DP’s major advantage is also DP’s major challenge. This paper provides new work addressing two key DP research areas for NSOs: DP’s application to survey data and its incorporation within the Five Safes framework.
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Naraine, Michael L., i Milena M. Parent. "Illuminating Centralized Users in the Social Media Ego Network of Two National Sport Organizations". Journal of Sport Management 30, nr 6 (listopad 2016): 689–701. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jsm.2016-0067.
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The purpose of this study was to examine national sport organizations’ (NSOs’) social networks on Twitter to explore followership between users, thereby illuminating powerful and central actors in a digital environment. Using a stratified, convenience sample, followership between the ego (i.e., NSO) and its alters (i.e., stakeholders) were noted in square, one-mode sociomatrices for the Fencing Canada (381 × 381) and Luge Canada (1026 × 1026) networks on Twitter. Using social network analysis to analyze the data for network density, average ties, Bonacich beta centrality, and core–periphery structure, the results indicate fans, elite athletes, photographers, competing sport organizations, and local clubs are some of the key stakeholders with large amounts of power. Though salient users, such as sponsors and international sport federations, are also present in the network core, NSOs seem better able to increase visibility of their content by targeting smaller scale users. The findings imply managers may wish to reflect upon how these advantaged users can be incorporated into their social communication strategies and how scholarship should continue examining followership as well as content in online settings.
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Sánchez-Gómez, Rubén, Carlos Romero-Morales, Álvaro Gómez-Carrión, Ignacio Zaragoza-García, Carlos Martínez-Sebastián, Ismael Ortuño-Soriano, Arturo Gómez-Lara i Blanca De la Cruz-Torres. "Assessment of a New Lateral Cushioned Casting Orthosis: Effects on Peroneus Longus Muscle Electromyographic Activity During Running". Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine 9, nr 12 (1.12.2021): 232596712110591. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/23259671211059152.
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Background: Classical medial wedge (CMW) orthoses have been prescribed to treat overpronation foot pathologies in runners. The effects of a novel supination orthosis (NSO) on the surface electromyography (EMG) activity of the peroneus longus (PL) muscle during a complete cycle of running have yet to be tested. Purpose/Hypothesis: The purpose of this study was to compare the EMG activity of the PL in participants wearing CMW orthoses and NSOs versus neutral running shoes (NRS) during a full cycle of running gait. It was hypothesized that the PL muscle activity would be lower for the NSO compared with CMW or NRS. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: Included were 31 healthy recreational runners of both sexes (14 male and 17 female; mean age, 38.58 ± 4.02 years) with a neutral Foot Posture Index and standard rearfoot-strike pattern. Participants ran on a treadmill at 9 km/h while wearing NSO (3-, 6-, and 9-mm thicknesses), CMW (3-, 6-, and 9-mm thicknesses), and NRS, for a total of 7 different conditions randomly selected, while the EMG signal activity of the PL was recorded for 30 seconds. Each trial was recorded 3 times, and the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) to test reliability of the measurements was calculated. The Wilcoxon pair to pair nonparametric test with Bonferroni correction was performed to analyze differences among the conditions. Results: The reliability of all assessments was almost perfect (ICC, >0.81). For both the CMW and NSO, regardless of thickness, the PL activity was statistically significantly lower compared with the NRS ( P < .05 for all). For all CMW thicknesses, the PL activity was lower compared with the respective NSO thicknesses, with the 3-mm thickness having the largest difference (CMW3mm, 18.63 ± 4.64 vs NSO3mm, 20.78 ± 4.99 mV; P < .001). Conclusion: Both CMW and NSO produced reduced EMG activity of the PL muscle; therefore, they can be prescribed to treat overpronation pathologies without associated PL strain concerns. In addition, the NSO saved the enhancement material placed on the medial-rear side of CMW, making it easier to wear sports shoes. Clinical Relevance: Knowing the safety of CMW and NSO will aid in understanding treatments for overpronation pathologies.
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Rezvani, A., M. Mayer, I. Qin, J. Brunner i Bob Chylak. "Stitch Bond Process of Pd-Coated Cu Wire: Experimental and Numerical Studies of Process Parameters and Materials". International Symposium on Microelectronics 2013, nr 1 (1.01.2013): 000312–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4071/isom-2013-tp42.
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Cost reduction is the main driver in the recent transition to Cu wire bonding from predominate Au wire bonding. Other cost reduction in packaging comes from new developments in substrates and lead frames, for example, Pre-Plated Frames (PPF) and uPPF for QFP and QFN reduce the plating and material cost. However, 2nd bonds (stitch bonds) can be more challenging on some of the new leadframe types due to the rough surface finish and thin plating thickness. Pd-coated Cu (PCC) wire has been recently introduced to improve the wire bonding process with bare Cu wire, mainly to improve reliability and enhance the stitch bond process. More fundamental studies are required to understand the influences of bonding parameters and bonding tools to improve stitch bondability. The stitch bond process of 0.7 mil diameter PCC wire on Au/Ni/Pd-plated quad flat-no lead (QFN) PPF substrate is investigated in this study. Two capillaries with the same geometry but different surface finishes are used to investigate the effect of capillary surface finish on the stitch bond process. The two capillary types are a polished finish type which is commonly used for Au wire bonding, and a granular finish capillary that has a much rougher surface finish. Process window between no stick on lead (NSOL) and short tail is compared. The effect of process parameters including bond force and table scrub amplitude is studied. The process window test results revealed that the granular capillary has larger process window and a lower chance of short tail occurrence. It has been shown that a higher scrub amplitude increases the chance of successful stitch bond formation. To further compare the capillary surface finishes, 3 sets of parameter settings with different bond force and scrub amplitude are tested. For all three parameter sets tested, the granular capillary showed better quality in bond strength. The granular capillary resulted in higher stitch pull strength compared to the polished type. A finite element model (FEM) of the process was developed to better understand the experimental observations. The amount of surface expansion (plastic deformation) of the wire at the wire and substrate interface was extracted from the model and attributed to the degree of adhesion (bonding). The model was used to confirm the experimental observation of adhesion (bonding) with different surface finish.
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Goldhammer, Bernhard. "Creative and Exhaustive, but Less Practical – a Comment on the Article by Diewert and Fox". Journal of Official Statistics 38, nr 1 (1.03.2022): 291–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/jos-2022-0014.
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Abstract The article by Diewert and Fox provides a comprehensive overview of challenges that NSOs face in producing the CPI in pandemic times by touching on many different fields. A focus is on the treatment of missing prices, where they propose different methods depending on the resources available to the NSO. However, some of the procedures proposed can be seen as being less practical like the use of reservation prices (which is also debatable from a theoretical point of view) and of alternative data sources for weights whose implementation supposedly takes longer than the pandemic itself. Overall, the article provides an important contribution for making CPI production more robust for similar crises in the future.
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Kasmi, Sofiane, Jeanne Solard, Inga Tijunelyte, Alexis P. A. Fischer, Marc Lamy de la Chapelle i Nathalie Lidgi-Guigui. "Tunable Multilayers of Self-Organized Silica Nanospheres by Spin Coating". Journal of Nanomaterials 2018 (2018): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/6075610.
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The coating of fused silica by an organized layer of silica nanospheres (NS) is an important issue for the design of optical and topographic properties especially for lithography techniques such as nanosphere lithography (NSL) or nanosphere photolithography (NSPL). Here, the spin coating of NS dispersed in N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) is studied. The role of the NS diameter, the spin-coating acceleration, and the volume fraction are the parameters to take into account for the formation and organization of NS in single or double closely packed layers. We propose an explanation for this behavior based on the transition between sedimentation and a viscous regime on the basis of the silica NS organization.
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Lee, Woo-Jin, Su-Il Pyun i W. H. Smyrl. "Fundamentals and Applications of Multi-functional NSOM Technology to Characterization of Nano Structured Materials". Journal of the Korean Electrochemical Society 7, nr 2 (1.05.2004): 108–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.5229/jkes.2004.7.2.108.
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Baumann, Michael H., Graziella Tocco, Donna M. Papsun, Amanda L. Mohr, Melissa F. Fogarty i Alex J. Krotulski. "U-47700 and Its Analogs: Non-Fentanyl Synthetic Opioids Impacting the Recreational Drug Market". Brain Sciences 10, nr 11 (23.11.2020): 895. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci10110895.
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The recreational use of opioid drugs is a global threat to public health and safety. In particular, an epidemic of opioid overdose fatalities is being driven by illicitly manufactured fentanyl, while novel synthetic opioids (NSOs) are appearing on recreational drug markets as standalone products, adulterants in heroin, or ingredients in counterfeit drug preparations. Trans-3,4-dichloro-N-[2-(dimethylamino)cyclohexyl]-N-methylbenzamide (U-47700) is a prime example of a non-fentanyl NSO that is associated with numerous intoxications and fatalities. Here, we review the medicinal chemistry, preclinical pharmacology, clandestine availability, methods for detection, and forensic toxicology of U-47700 and its analogs. An up-to-date summary of the human cases involving U-47700 intoxication and death are described. The evidence demonstrates that U-47700 is a potent μ-opioid receptor agonist, which poses a serious risk for overdosing and death. However, most analogs of U-47700 appear to be less potent and have been detected infrequently in forensic specimens. U-47700 represents a classic example of how chemical entities from the medicinal chemistry or patent literature can be diverted for use in recreational drug markets. Lessons learned from the experiences with U-47700 can inform scientists, clinicians, and policymakers who are involved with responding to the spread and impact of NSOs.
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Palmquist, Jane. "From ASTA and NSOA to ASTA with NSOA". American String Teacher 49, nr 2 (maj 1999): 60–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000313139904900210.
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Berezin, Shirly, Basanth S. Kalanoor, Hesham Taha, Yuval Garini i Yaakov R. Tischler. "Multiprobe NSOM fluorescence". Nanophotonics 3, nr 1-2 (1.04.2014): 117–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2014-0008.
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AbstractIn this paper, we demonstrate simultaneous AFM/NSOM using a dual-tip normal tuning-fork based scanning probe microscope. By scanning two SPM probes simultaneously, one dedicated for AFM with a standard tip diameter of 20 nm, and the second having a 150 nm aperture NSOM fiber with 200 nm thick gold coating, we combine the benefits of ∼20 nm spatial resolution from the AFM tip with the spectral information of a near-field optical probe. The combination of simultaneous dual-tip scanning enables us to decouple the requirements for high resolution topography and probe functionality. Our method represents a marked shift from previous applications of multi-probe SPM where essentially a pump-probe methodology is implemented in which one tip scans the area around the second. As a model system, we apply dual-tip AFM/NSOM scanning to a sample of spin-cast nano-clustered Lumogen dyes, which show remarkable brightness and photochemical stability. We observe morphology features with a resolution of 20 nm, and a near-field optical resolution of 150 nm, validating our approach.
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Naraine, Michael L., i Milena M. Parent. "Examining social media adoption and change to the stakeholder communication paradigm in not-for-profit sport organizations". Journal of Amateur Sport 3, nr 2 (25.07.2017): 55–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.17161/jas.v3i2.6492.
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The purpose of this study was to examine social media adoption within not-for-profit sport organizations to illuminate the impetus for change, the type of change undertaken, and change resistance. Using a contextualist approach depicting the external and internal forces as well as the change process, semi-structured interviews were conducted with ten Canadian national sport organizations (NSO) representing varying degrees of social media presence. The findings suggest that, although social media is espoused as a radical, transformational vehicle, NSOs have only made incremental adjustments to their stakeholder communication and have situated social media within their extant organizational condition due to capacity constraints and resistance from staff and reticent stakeholders. Adopting social media in light of limited organizational capacity thus diminishes the utility of the communications tool. Theoretical and practical implications include how to improve social media-related capacity and the importance of continuing the social media and sport domain’s organizational theory agenda.
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Tam, Siu-Ming. "On a disclosure probability statement for the 5 safes framework". Statistical Journal of the IAOS 37, nr 2 (3.06.2021): 693–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/sji-200677.
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With increasing demand from the research community for more frequent and unrestricted access to data, national statistical offices (NSOs) are adopting the 5 safes framework to manage the disclosure risk for releasing such data. In this paper, under some mild conditions, we show that the probability of disclosure, given the controls in the 5 safes, is not greater than the product of the smallest conditional disclosure probability amongst the 5 controls and the Risk Ratios of the remaining four safe controls. By computing the disclosure probabilities of all possible configurations of the controls in each of the 5 dimensions of the framework, one can select the set which has the least control on data, but which also meet the confidentiality and privacy requirements of the NSO. Where the required assumption of unconditional independence of the safes cannot be met, the paper proposes a merger of some of the controls to overcome the violation.
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Hedman-Robertson, Amy S. "Undergraduate Students' Exposure, Knowledge, Utilization, and Intended Use of the National Suicide Prevention Lifeline". Crisis 39, nr 2 (marzec 2018): 110–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/0227-5910/a000480.
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Abstract. Background: Suicide is a leading cause of death among college students. Crisis hotlines play a role in linking suicidal individuals to help. Despite leading to favorable outcomes, low utilization of crisis outlines has been reported. Aims: To explore exposure, knowledge, and utilization of the National Suicide Prevention Lifeline (NSPL) among a sample of university students; to determine if knowledge and perceived helpfulness of NSPL predict intent to use NSPL. Method: The researcher surveyed 560 students attending a Midwestern university to assess knowledge of, and attitudes toward, the NSPL. Results: Those who reported seeing the NSPL advert (50%) perceived the NSPL to be more helpful than those who had not seen the advert. Only 29% (n = 160) were able to identify who would answer the NSPL (a trained, skilled counselor). Only 1% (n = 4) reported utilization. Participants who reported past exposure to the NSPL advert reported higher levels of perceived helpfulness of the NSPL. Perceived helpfulness of the NSPL was a weak predictor of likelihood to use the NSPL. Limitations: The study limitations include its small sample size; participants' likelihood to use the NSPL was assessed using independent symptoms. Conclusion: Further research is needed to identify college students' underlying attitudes toward the NSPL.
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Krüger, Markus, i Thomas Braun. "The Neuronal Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factor NSCL-1 Is Dispensable for Normal Neuronal Development". Molecular and Cellular Biology 22, nr 3 (1.02.2002): 792–800. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.22.3.792-800.2002.
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ABSTRACT The neuronal stem cell leukemia (NSCL) basic helix-loop-helix factors are neural cell-specific transcription factors. We have disrupted the NSCL-1 gene by homologous recombination and replaced the coding region with a beta-galactosidase reporter cassette to study the role of NSCL-1 in neuronal development and to follow the fate of NSCL-1 mutant cells. NSCL-1 mutant mice are viable and fertile on various genetic backgrounds and do not show any obvious signs of neurological malfunction. No differences in the distribution of NSCL-1 mutant or heterozygous neuronal cells were observed in the diencephalon, hippocampus, neocortex, and cerebellum at different stages of development. Likewise, no defects were found in the laminar organization of the cortex, and the distinct neuronal subpopulation appeared normal during development of the neocortex. Analysis of sensory neurons which strongly express NSCL-1 revealed that the spatiotemporal expression of neuronal differentiation factors, such as NeuroD and SCG-10, was not altered in developing distal and proximal cranial ganglia of mutant mice. In the cerebellum expression of NSCL-1 was confined to the proliferative and premigratory zone of the external granular layer and the internal granular layer. Interestingly, unlike cerebella of Math1−/− or NeuroD2−/− mice, NSCL-1-deficient mice have no obvious developmental defect, and neurons of the cerebellum appeared fully differentiated. Despite similar expression patterns of NSCL-1 and NSCL-2 in various areas of the diencephalon, including the arcuate nucleus and paraventricular nucleus, NSCL-1−/− mice are fertile and show no adult onset of obesity like NSCL-2 mutant mice. Double-mutant NSCL-1−/−-NSCL-2−/− mice do not show any additional obvious malformations of the central nervous system, although both genes are expressed in a largely overlapping pattern. Our results argue against a simple functional redundancy within the NSCL gene family.
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Vincent, J., L. Foth, A. McGilvra i J. Priller. "The NSCL control system". IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science 43, nr 1 (luty 1996): 30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/23.486000.
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Walton, Sara E., Alex J. Krotulski i Barry K. Logan. "A Forward-Thinking Approach to Addressing the New Synthetic Opioid 2-Benzylbenzimidazole Nitazene Analogs by Liquid Chromatography–Tandem Quadrupole Mass Spectrometry (LC–QQQ-MS)". Journal of Analytical Toxicology 46, nr 3 (18.11.2021): 221–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jat/bkab117.
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Abstract Novel psychoactive substances (NPS) continue to represent a threat to public health and safety. The number of new drugs in the latest emergent synthetic opioid class—the 2-benzylbenzimidazole analogs—also called the nitazenes—has begun to dominate the current new synthetic opioid (NSO) subclass of NPS. We describe a liquid chromatography–tandem quadrupole mass spectrometry method for the quantification of nine analogs and/or metabolites of drugs in this series: isotonitazene, metonitazene, protonitazene, etonitazene, clonitazene, flunitazene, N-desethyl isotonitazene, 5-amino isotonitazene and 4ʹ-hydroxy nitazene in human whole blood, urine, and tissue. Samples were prepared for analysis using a basic liquid–liquid extraction. Chromatographic separation was achieved using a C-18 analytical column. Multiple reaction monitoring mode was used for detection. The calibration range for the analytes was 0.5–50 ng/mL (except for 5-amino isotonitazene, which was 1.0–50 ng/mL). The limit of detection was 0.1 ng/mL, and the limit of quantitation was 0.5 ng/mL. The method had no carryover or interferences. Ionization enhancement was observed but did not affect quantitation. All analytes passed the method validation assessment. Authentic human samples suspected of containing NSOs were obtained from a medical examiner and coroner offices, as well as partnering forensic toxicology laboratories. Isotonitazene was confirmed in 92 blood samples, and its metabolites were confirmed across various matrices. Metonitazene (n = 35), flunitazene (n = 5), protonitazene (n = 3), etodesnitazene (n = 2) and butonitazene (n = 1) were also detected in cases. These newly emerging 2-benzylbenzimidazole analogs were commonly found in combination with NPS benzodiazepines and opioids (e.g., flualprazolam, fentanyl). Nitazene analogs are potent esoteric drugs that may not be identified during routine toxicological screening, and specialized assays based on sensitive instrumentation are needed to accurately characterize these NSOs.
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Ray, Manisha, Surya Narayan Rath, Saurav Sarkar i Mukund Namdev Sable. "Presentation of potential genes and deleterious variants associated with non-syndromic hearing loss: a computational approach". Genomics & Informatics 20, nr 1 (31.03.2022): e5. http://dx.doi.org/10.5808/gi.21070.
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Non-syndromic hearing loss (NSHL) is a common hereditary disorder. Both clinical and genetic heterogeneity has created many obstacles to understanding the causes of NSHL. The present study has attempted to ravel the genetic aetiology in NSHL progression and to screen out potential target genes using computational approaches. The reported NSHL target genes (2009‒2020) have been studied by analyzing different biochemical and signaling pathways, interpretation of their functional association network, and discovery of important regulatory interactions with three previously established miRNAs in the human inner ear as well as in NSHL such as miR-183, miR-182, and miR-96. This study has identified SMAD4 and SNAI2 as the most putative target genes of NSHL. But pathogenic and deleterious non-synonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms (nsSNP) discovered within SMAD4 is anticipated to have an impact on NSHL progression. Additionally, the identified deleterious variants in the functional domains of SMAD4 added a supportive clue for further study. Thus, the identified deleterious variant i.e., rs377767367 (G491V) in SMAD4 needs further clinical validation. The present outcomes would provide insights into the genetics of NSHL progression.
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Vijayan, V., R. Ummer, R. Weber, R. Silva i A. Letra. "Association of WNT Pathway Genes With Nonsyndromic Cleft Lip With or Without Cleft Palate". Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Journal 55, nr 3 (14.12.2017): 335–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1055665617732782.
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Objective: Nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate (NSCL±P) is a common craniofacial anomaly with multifactorial etiology. Evidence suggests that variations in WNT pathway genes contribute to an increased susceptibility to NSCL±P. The aim of this study was to investigate the association of AXIN1, APC, CTNNB1, DVL2, and GSK3β gene variants with NSCL±P in a case-control data set from Brazil. Patients: 471 individuals with NSCL±P and 504 unrelated control individuals of Caucasian ethnicity. Design: Twenty single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in/nearby AXIN1, APC, CTNNB1, DVL2, and GSK3B genes were genotyped using Taqman chemistry in a Viia7 sequence detection instrument. Genotype, allele, and haplotype frequencies were compared among NSCL±P patients and controls using Fisher exact test, implemented in PLINK software. The level of significance was established at P ≤.002 under Bonferroni correction. In silico analysis of SNP function was assessed using MirSNP database. Results: Significant association was found between GSK3B rs13314595 genotypes and NSCL±P ( P = .0006). Additionally, nominal associations were found between DVL2 (rs35594616) and APC (rs448475) with NSCL±P ( P = .02 and P = .03, respectively). SNP haplotypes for GSK3B and APC genes showed nominal associations with NSCL±P ( P < .05). In silico analysis predicted that APC rs448475 harbors a binding site for the microRNA miR-617 and that the switch from a G allele to C allele enhances binding, whereas DVL2 rs35594616 did not appear to harbor microRNA-binding sites. Conclusion: This study shows for the first time the association between GSK3B and NSCL±P and confirms the role of additional WNT pathway genes as candidates for NSCL±P.
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Waltrick-Zambuzzi, Márcia, Patricia Nivoloni Tannure, Thays Cristine dos Santos Vieira, Leonardo Santos Antunes, Fábio Lourenço Romano, Willian Fernando Zambuzzi, José Mauro Granjeiro i Erika Calvano Küchler. "Genetic Variants in Folate and Cobalamin Metabolism-Related Genes in Nonsyndromic Cleft Lip and/or Palate". Brazilian Dental Journal 26, nr 6 (grudzień 2015): 561–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0103-6440201300394.
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The aim of this study was to evaluate the association of the polymorphisms in TCN2 (rs1801198) gene and in MTRR (rs1801394) gene with nonsyndromic cleft lip and/or palate (NSCL/P) in a Brazilian population. Genomic DNA was extracted from buccal cells. The polymorphisms in TCN2 (rs1801198) and MTRR (rs1801394) genes were genotyped by carrying out real-time PCR and Taqman assay. Chi-square test was used to determine the association between genotype and allele frequencies with NSCL/P and NSCL/P subgroups (cleft lip only, cleft lip and palate, and cleft palate only). Eight hundred and sixty seven unrelated individuals (401 cases with NSCL/P and 466 individuals without cleft) were evaluated. Genotype distributions of TCN2 and MTRR polymorphisms were in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. The TCN2 polymorphic genotype GG was identified in 16.7% of the NSCL/P group and in 14.1% of the non-cleft group (p>0.05). Similarly, the frequency of MTRR genotype (GG) was similar in NSCL/P group (15.5%) and control group (17.8%) (p>0.05). Multivariate analysis showed an association between MTRR and the subgroup that the mother smoked during pregnancy (p=0.039). Our findings did not demonstrate an association between TCN2 polymorphisms and NSCL/P, however suggests an association between MTRR and NSCL/P etiology
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DEMYDENKO, Roman. "Norming of scientific and research labour: state regulation". Naukovi pratsi NDFI 2021, nr 1 (24.06.2021): 143–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.33763/npndfi2021.01.143.
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The article touches upon the issues of regulating characteristics of scientific and research labour . The core observations of the study were dedicated to the principles and modern regulation of the process of norming of scientific and research labour (NSRL). The interconnection of economic and legal aspects of the research was indicated and the necessity of cross-discipline studies was proclaimed. The importance of reformation in the sphere of NSRL for the purpose of budget expenditures harmonization was pointed out. The definition of state regulation of norming scientific and research labour (SR NSRL) was suggested. The main principles of SR NSRL system formation considering the R&D performers' interaction were clarified. The complexity of the scientific and research labour environment and the difference between working time and scientific labour was detailed. The importance of the SR NSRL system for the purpose of Ukrainian intellectual capital accumulation was described. The research results also contain the justification of the role of mandatory and variative components balancing within the regulation system. A critical analysis of regulatory and legal support and the failure of the government policies in the field of SR NSRL was carried out. It is noted that the issues of NSRL are more ignored compared to the legislation on remuneration of scientific work. It is proposed to focus on the scientific substantiation of measures to optimize human resources in the field of R&D based on the results of the implementation of NSRL measures. Emphasis is placed on the need to analyze the international experience in regulating the NSRL, in particular in the countries of the European scientific and educational space. It is also recommended to continue the research on the impact of NSRL on the balance of working and leisure time. The actuality of development and scientific justification of human resources optimization (as a result of NSRL ) was discovered. The perspectives of following observations in the field of analysis the regulation of R&D private and public performers were introduced.
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Lancaster, Hope Sparks, Kari M. Lien, Jason C. Chow, Jennifer R. Frey, Nancy J. Scherer i Ann P. Kaiser. "Early Speech and Language Development in Children With Nonsyndromic Cleft Lip and/or Palate: A Meta-Analysis". Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 63, nr 1 (22.01.2020): 14–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2019_jslhr-19-00162.
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Objective The aim of the study was to conduct a meta-analysis of research examining the early speech and language functioning of young children, birth to age 8;11 (years;months), with nonsyndromic cleft lip and/or palate (NSCL/P) compared to their peers without NSCL/P. Method We conducted a random-effects metaregression using 241 effect sizes from 31 studies comparing 955 young children with NSCL/P to 938 typically developing peers on measures of speech and language functioning. Moderators were sample characteristics (i.e., age, cleft type, publication year, and study location) and measurement characteristics (i.e., speech sample material, language modality and domain, and assessment type). Results Young children with NSCL/P scored significantly lower on measures of speech and language compared to children without NSCL/P. Children with NSCL/P had smaller consonant inventories (standardized mean difference effect size [ES g ] = −1.24), less accurate articulation (ES g = −1.13), and more speech errors (ES g = 0.93) than their peers. Additionally, children with NSCL/P had poorer expressive (ES g = −0.57) and receptive (ES g = −0.59) language skills than their peers. Age and assessment type moderated effect sizes for expressive language. As children with NSCL/P aged, their expressive language performance became more similar to their peers. Expressive language effect sizes from parent reports and observational language measures (estimated effect size = −0.74) were significantly lower than those from standardized norm-referenced tests (estimated effect size = −0.45). Conclusions These findings suggest that young children with NSCL/P experience delays relative to their peers across multiple speech and language constructs. Differences between children with NSCL/P and their typically developing peers appear to decrease with age. Supplemental Material https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.11356904
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Zawiślak, Alicja, Krzysztof Woźniak, Xabier Agirre, Satish Gupta, Beata Kawala, Anna Znamirowska-Bajowska, Katarzyna Grocholewicz, Jan Lubiński, Felipe Prosper i Anna Jakubowska. "Association of ABCA4 Gene Polymorphisms with Cleft Lip with or without Cleft Palate in the Polish Population". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, nr 21 (31.10.2021): 11483. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182111483.
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Background: Non-syndromic cleft lip with/without cleft palate (NSCL/P) is a common congenital condition with a complex aetiology reflecting multiple genetic and environmental factors. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in ABCA4 have been associated with NSCL/P in several studies, although there are some inconsistent results. This study aimed to evaluate whether two SNPs in ABCA4, namely rs4147811 and rs560426, are associated with NSCL/P occurrence in the Polish population. Methods: The study included 627 participants: 209 paediatric patients with NSCL/P and 418 healthy newborn controls. DNA was isolated from the saliva of NSCL/P patients and from umbilical cord blood in the controls. Genotyping of rs4147811 and rs560426 was performed using quantitative PCR. Results: The rs4147811 (AG genotype) SNP in ABCA4 was associated with a decreased risk of NSCL/P (odds ratio (OR) 0.57; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.39–0.84; p = 0.004), whereas the rs560426 (GG genotype) SNP was associated with an increased risk of NSCL/P (OR 2.13; 95% CI 1.31–3.48; p = 0.002). Limitations: This study—based on the correlation between single genetic variants and the occurrence of different phenotypes—might have limited power in detecting relevant, complex inheritance patterns. ORs are often low to moderate when investigating the association of single genes with the risk of a complex trait. Another limitation was the small number of available NSCL/P samples. Conclusions: The results suggest that genetic variations in ABCA4 are important risk markers of NSCL/P in the Polish population. Further investigation in a larger study group is warranted.
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Cozen, Wendy, Dalin Li, Timothy Best, David J. Van Den Berg, Pierre-Antoine Gourraud, Victoria K. Cortessis, Andrew D. Skol i in. "A genome-wide meta-analysis of nodular sclerosing Hodgkin lymphoma identifies risk loci at 6p21.32". Blood 119, nr 2 (12.01.2012): 469–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2011-03-343921.
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Nodular sclerosing Hodgkin lymphoma (NSHL) is a distinct, highly heritable Hodgkin lymphoma subtype. We undertook a genome-wide meta-analysis of 393 European-origin adolescent/young adult NSHL patients and 3315 controls using the Illumina Human610-Quad Beadchip and Affymetrix Genome-Wide Human SNP Array 6.0. We identified 3 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) on chromosome 6p21.32 that were significantly associated with NSHL risk: rs9268542 (P = 5.35 × 10−10), rs204999 (P = 1.44 × 10−9), and rs2858870 (P = 1.69 × 10−8). We also confirmed a previously reported association in the same region, rs6903608 (P = 3.52 × 10−10). rs204999 and rs2858870 were weakly correlated (r2 = 0.257), and the remaining pairs of SNPs were not correlated (r2 < 0.1). In an independent set of 113 NSHL cases and 214 controls, 2 SNPs were significantly associated with NSHL and a third showed a comparable odds ratio (OR). These SNPs are found on 2 haplotypes associated with NSHL risk (rs204999-rs9268528-rs9268542-rs6903608-rs2858870; AGGCT, OR = 1.7, P = 1.71 × 10−6; GAATC, OR = 0.4, P = 1.16 × 10−4). All individuals with the GAATC haplotype also carried the HLA class II DRB1*0701 allele. In a separate analysis, the DRB1*0701 allele was associated with a decreased risk of NSHL (OR = 0.5, 95% confidence interval = 0.4, 0.7). These data support the importance of the HLA class II region in NSHL etiology.
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Lang, F. C., Y. M. Xing, J. Zhu i Y. R. Zhao. "Study of the Mechanical Properties of a Nanostructured Surface Layer on 316L Stainless Steel". Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2016 (2016): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/7517616.
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A nanostructured surface layer (NSSL) was generated on a 316L stainless steel plate through surface nanocrystallization (SNC). The grains of the surface layer were refined to nanoscale after SNC treatment. Moreover, the microstructure and mechanical properties of NSSL were analyzed with a transmission electron microscope (TEM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM), through nanoindentation, and through reverse analysis of finite element method (FEM). TEM results showed that the grains in the NSSL measured 8 nm. In addition, these nanocrystalline grains took the form of random crystallographic orientation and were roughly equiaxed in shape. In situ SEM observations of the tensile process confirmed that the motions of the dislocations were determined from within the material and that the motions were blocked by the NSSL, thus improving overall yielding stress. Meanwhile, the nanohardness and the elastic modulus of the NSSL, as well as those of the matrix, were obtained with nanoindentation technology. The reverse analysis of FEM was conducted with MARC software, and the process of nanoindentation on the NSSL and the matrix was simulated. The plastic mechanical properties of NSSL can be derived from the simulation by comparing the results of the simulation and of actual nanoindentation.
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Yang, Frank F., Bradley McPherson, Huang Shu, Na Xie i Kui Xiang. "Structural Abnormalities of the Central Auditory Pathway in Infants with Nonsyndromic Cleft Lip and/or Palate". Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Journal 49, nr 2 (marzec 2012): 137–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1597/11-014.
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Objective To investigate possible structural abnormalities of the central auditory pathway in infants with nonsyndromic cleft lip and/or palate (NSCL/P). Participants Twenty-seven Chinese infants with NSCL/P, aged from 6 to 24 months. Intervention Morphological magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) measurements of the central auditory nervous system (CANS) in infants with NSCL/P were analyzed and compared with those of age- and sex-matched normal controls. Results No significant group differences were found in general brain measurements, including volumes of the brain stem and right hemisphere. However, infants with NSCL/P had statistically significantly smaller volumes of the left thalamus and left auditory cortex and notably decreased thickness of the left auditory cortex. Conclusion Cortical abnormalities were more marked compared with other MRI measurements. Structural CANS abnormalities in infants with NSCL/P may be located mainly in the left cerebral hemisphere. The development and maturation of the auditory cortex in infants with NSCL/P may be abnormal when compared with those of normal children.
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Lapierre, A., G. Bollen, J. R. Crespo Lopez-Urrutia, M. Doleans, S. Geyer, O. Kester, K. Kittimanapun, M. Portillo i S. Schwarz. "The MSU EBIT at NSCL". Journal of Instrumentation 5, nr 07 (16.07.2010): c07001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/5/07/c07001.
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Jin, Y., P. Xu, X. Xie, C. Shi, Y. Zhang i Y. Tian. "SR experiment progess at NSRL". Synchrotron Radiation News 10, nr 2 (marzec 1997): 15–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08940889708260873.
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Hellström, M., i D. J. Morrissey. "Recent astrophysical measurements at NSCL". Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms 99, nr 1-4 (maj 1995): 342–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0168-583x(94)00552-4.
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Imani, Mohammad Moslem, Masoud Sadeghi, Santosh Kumar Tadakamadla, Annette Brühl, Dena Sadeghi Bahmani, Mohammad Taheri i Serge Brand. "Polymorphisms of ATP-Binding Cassette, Sub-Family A, Member 4 (rs560426 and rs481931) and Non-Syndromic Cleft Lip/Palate: A Meta-Analysis". Life 11, nr 1 (15.01.2021): 58. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/life11010058.
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Background: A number of genes are associated with the incidence of non-syndromic cleft lip/palate (NSCL/P). Studies have shown a significant association between polymorphisms of ATP-binding cassette, sub-family A, member 4 (ABCA4) with the risk of NSCL/P. The present meta-analysis assessed the association between ABCA4 polymorphisms (rs560426 and rs481931) and the NSCL/P risk by reviewing case-control studies. Methods: Four databases (Scopus; Cochrane Library; Web of Science; and PubMed) were searched for articles published up to June 2020. The Review Manager 5.3 software was used to calculate the crude odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). Both subgroup analyses for ethnicity and source of controls and a meta-regression related to publication year were conducted. Results: Of 94 retrieved studies, 12 were analyzed in this meta-analysis (2859 NSCL/P patients and 3792 controls for ABCA4 rs560426 polymorphism and 1333 NSCL/P patients and 1884 controls for ABCA4 rs481931 polymorphism). Overall, there was no significant association between both polymorphisms and the risk of NSCL/P. However, subgroup analysis demonstrated that there was a higher risk of NSCL/P for specific models: the allelic model (OR = 1.13; p = 0.03), the homozygote model (OR = 1.53; p = 0.04), and the recessive model (OR = 1.30; p = 0.03) in the Asian ethnicity for the rs560426 polymorphism. Conclusion: The findings confirmed that the NSCL/P risk was significantly associated with the G allele and GG genotype of rs560426 polymorphism but not for rs481931 polymorphism. There were no associations between both polymorphisms (rs560426 and rs481931) and the NSCL/P risk in those of European descent and the mixed ethnicities.
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Victoria, Yinayra, Natalio Debs, Augusto Elias i Carmen J. Buxo. "176 COVID-19 infection risk in patients with non-syndromic orofacial clefts during pandemic in Puerto Rico". Journal of Clinical and Translational Science 6, s1 (kwiecień 2022): 22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cts.2022.82.
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OBJECTIVES/GOALS: Patients with nsCL/P are prone to infections due to their open like wound cleft and immune system susceptibility. COVID-19 affected nsCL/P patients access to care and treatment delays. This study will determine COVID-19 infection risk between children with nsCL/P compared to those unaffected. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: Retrospective cohort of children 5 years old and under with nsCL/P (exposed group) and children without nsCL/P (unaffected group); matched by age and gender. Participants will be selected from ongoing case-control study (n=500), School of Dental Medicine, and Pediatric University Hospital. Power analysis will calculate minimum sample size (power=0.80 alpha=0.05). Exclusion criteria: syndromic clefts, patients without diagnosis information and with history of co-morbidity. Other bacterial and viral infections present at the time of COVID-19 diagnosis, sex, age, geographic location, COVID-19 vaccination status and others will be considered as possible cofounders. Descriptive statistics, Chi-square, Odds Ratios at 95% confidence intervals and multiple logistic regression will be estimated. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: We hypothesize that we will identify an increased risk of COVID-19 infection in children with nsCL/P than in those unaffected or children without nsCL/P. Children with nsCL/P will also have an increased risk of symptoms and complications of COVID-19 infection than those unaffected. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE: Knowing the increased risk of COVID-19 infection in children with nsCL/P will aid to prioritize treatment. If a higher risk of COVID-19 infection is found, it will generate a need to modify elective surgery status to semi-elective; minimizing delayed treatments, unnecessary hospitalizations, complications and increased cost of treatment.
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Mariano, Richard G., Alyssa Grace S. Gablan i Frederick Ray I. Gomez. "Elimination of Non-stick on Leads Defect through Re-designed WCTP". Journal of Engineering Research and Reports, 17.07.2021, 22–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/jerr/2021/v20i1017385.
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This paper presents the reformation and fabrication resolved on the wire clamp and top plate (WCTP) design to eliminate the presence of lead finger bouncing resulting to high rejection of non-stick on leads (NSOL). Problem experienced was that the hollow or half-etched portion of the leadframe at the top and bottom units caused its bouncing effect. With the aim to improve localized massive NSOL defect, WCTP has been modified to provide positive bias to support its hollow part or the half-etched part of the leadframe at the top and bottom of the units. The re-designed WCTP was fabricated, extending its clamping with enhanced vacuum on top and bottom rows. The implementation of the improved WCTP design reduced the defect with 88 % improvement with the defect reduction during the lot runs.
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Gomez, Frederick Ray I., Alyssa Grace S. Gablan, Anthony R. Moreno i Nerie R. Gomez. "Augmented Leadframe Design for Stable Multi-Wire Ground Bonding". Journal of Engineering Research and Reports, 20.02.2021, 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/jerr/2021/v20i317273.
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Technological change has brought the global market into broad industrialization and modernization. One major application in the semiconductor industry demands safety and high reliability with strict compliance requirement. This technical paper focuses on the package design solution of quad-flat no leads (QFN) to mitigate the leadframe bouncing and its consequent effect of lifted wire and/or non-stick on leads (NSOL) defects on multi-wire ground connection. Multi-wire on single lead ground (or simply Gnd) connection plays critical attribute in the test coverage risk assessment. Cases of missing wire and/or NSOL on the multi-wire Gnd connection cannot be detected at test resulting to Bin1 (good) instead of Bin5 (open) failure. To ease the failure modes mechanism, a new design of QFN leadframe package with lead-to-diepad bridge-type connection was conceptualized for device with extended leads and with multiple Gnd wires connection. The augmented design would provide better stability than the existing leadframe configurations during wirebonding. Ultimately, the design would help eliminate potential escapees at test of lifted Gnd wire not detected.
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Xu, Wenli, Ling Yi, Changfei Deng, Ziling Zhao, Longrong Ran, Zhihong Ren, Shunxia Zhao i in. "Maternal periconceptional folic acid supplementation reduced risks of non-syndromic oral clefts in offspring". Scientific Reports 11, nr 1 (10.06.2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-91825-9.
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AbstractMaternal periconceptional folic acid supplementation (FAS) has been documented to be associated with decreased risk of nonsyndromic oral clefts (NsOC). However, the results remain inconclusive. In this population-based case–control study of 807 singletons affected by NsOC and 8070 healthy neonates who were born between October 2010 and September 2015 in Chengdu, China, we examined the association of maternal FAS with the risk of nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate (NsCL/P), and cleft palate (NsCP). Unconditional logistic regression analysis was used to estimate the crude and adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidential intervals (CI). Significant associations were found between maternal periconceptional FAS and decreased risk of NsCL/P (aOR = 0.41, 95% CI 0.33–0.51). This protective effect was also detected for NsCL (aOR = 0.42, 95% CI 0.30–0.58) and NsCLP (aOR = 0.41, 95% CI 0.31–0.54). Both maternal FAS started before and after the last menstrual period (LMP) were inversely associated with NsCL/P (before LMP, aOR = 0.43, 95% CI 0.33–0.56; after LMP, aOR = 0.41, 95% CI 0.33–0.51). The association between NsCP and maternal FAS initiating before LMP was also found (aOR = 0.52, 95% CI 0.30–0.90). The findings suggest that maternal periconceptional FAS can reduce the risk of each subtype of NsCL/P in offspring, while the potential effect on NsCP needs further investigations.
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Král, Pavel. "Complexity of governance structures: Taxonomy of governance structure models used by Czech national sport organizations". Central European Journal of Management 1, nr 2 (30.06.2015). http://dx.doi.org/10.5817/cejm2014-2-1.
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Most of the research on nonprofit governance is predominantly focused on board while the complexity of governance structure is overlooked. This study examines governance structure models of Czech national sport organizations (NSOs) as a representative of nonprofit sector. Qualitative research design was employed and document analysis was conducted. Results reveal substantially higher diversity in complexity in governance structure of NSOs in comparison to literature and the results lead to development of taxonomy of governance models of NSOs. Two grounds of the diversity were analysed. First, governance structure models are influenced by continental (two-tier) corporate governance model and Anglo-Saxon (one-tier) governance model. Second, governance structure models vary in number of electoral levels between an individual member and an NSO general meeting. The developed models are discussed and links to structural variables analysed.