Rozprawy doktorskie: „Nse4”

1

Diaz, Smoje Mariana Andrea [Verfasser], i George [Gutachter] Coupland. "Functional characterization of NSE4 paralogs in Arabidopsis thaliana / Mariana Andrea Diaz Smoje ; Gutachter: George Coupland". Köln : Universitäts- und Stadtbibliothek Köln, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1160379386/34.

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2

Zelkowski, Mateusz [Verfasser]. "Arabidopsis NSE4 proteins act in somatic nuclei and meiosis to ensure plant viability and fertility / Mateusz Zelkowski". Halle, 2019. http://d-nb.info/117779859X/34.

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3

Hu, Bin. "Functional analysis of the middle domain of Hsp90, and characterisation of QR12/NSE4, an essential cell cycle gene that is found in an Hsp90 complex". Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.424460.

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4

Gibbons, Thomas Field. "Rotavirus NSP4 in extrareticular sites: support for its pathogenic role as an enterotoxin". Diss., Texas A&M University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/85890.

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Rotavirus non structural protein 4 (NSP4) was initially characterized as an endoplasmic reticulum intracellular receptor. Continued studies of NSP4 revealed additional functions performed by or dependent on NSP4, some of which required trafficking from the ER to other areas of the cell. Chiefly, purified NSP4 exogenously added to the PM has been shown to mobilize intracellular calcium by a phospholipase C/inositol trisphosphate signaling pathway, yet the details whereby NSP4 are able to exert enterotoxic actions are still unknown. Our initial hypothesis included the protein caveolin 1, which subsequently was proven to bind NSP4 and prompted continued investigation as to whether or not NSP4 utilized caveolin 1 for extrareticular transport and or function. Caveolin 1 is the defining protein of caveolae, a region of the plasma membrane rich in multiple molecules that function in signal transduction, including possible receptor mediated activation of the phospholipase C/inositol triphosphate pathway. To determine if NSP4 trafficked to caveolae, a novel isolation procedure was developed and utilized to show NSP4 in PM caveolae. Expanding on the caveolae/NSP4 finding, temporal and spatial analyses of NSP4 in relation to progeny virus were conducted. NSP4's appearance at the exofacial surface of the PM was carried out utilizing surface biotinylation, exofacial staining of live cells, and confocal imaging of the PM with fluorescent resonance energy transfer studies. During these studies soluble NSP4, which was isolated from RV infected cells, was also shown to interact with the PM of multiple cell lines. These studies provided confirmation of the NSP4-caveolin interaction in the presence and absence of other viral proteins. Our studies indicate the presence of full length NSP4 glycans at caveolae and the exofacial PM and are in agreement with studies indicating NSP4 traffics independent of the Golgi network. To further explore the NSP4/caveolin 1 interaction, we conducted a comparative analysis of NSP4 in relation to two separate pools of proteins. The first pool included proteins collocated with the classical secretory pathway proteins, including caveolin 1, which traffick through the Golgi. The second pool included proteins collocated with a subset of caveolin 1, which traffick independently of the Golgi.

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5

Yang, Weiming. "Functional studies of the group A rotavirus non-structural protein NSP4". Thesis, University of Warwick, 2010. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/35683/.

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NSP4, encoded by rotavirus genome segment 10 has been shown to be a transmembrane, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) specific N-linked glycoprotein. Consistent with its localization to the ER membrane, NSP4 was first shown to have a role in the morphogenesis of the infectious virion. The protein has also been reported to have cytotoxic activity when applied extracellularly to cells. Consequently it has been earmarked as an enterotoxin being secreted from virus-infected cells to cause early cellular pathology in the gut. The effect of expressing the NSP4 protein of group A rotaviruses in cells has been studied. It led to the rapid appearance of long cytoplasmic extrusions. Site-directed mutagenesis was used to block N-linked glycosylation at both of the known glycosylation sites near the amino terminus of NSP4. This revealed that the NSP4 induced formation of the cytoplasmic extrusions was dependent on the protein’s ability to become fully glycosylated. The cytoplasmic extrusions seen in cells expressing glycosylated NSP4 were also evident in virus-infected cells. Using real-time confocal microscopy a dynamic elongation of the cytoplasmic extrusions with a growth speed of 2 μm/min was observed in virus-infected cells. The cytoplasmic extrusions were found to contain β-tubulin and F-actin. Inhibiting their polymerization prevented the formation of the extrusions from virus-infected cells. Functional studies using Cell Tracker dyes showed that the cytoplasmic extrusions could disseminate vesicles from virus-infected cells onto the plasma membrane surface of uninfected cells. The vesicles were then found in the interior of the uninfected cells. Mono-specific antibody to NSP4 revealed the presence of the protein in the vesicles suggesting that the cytoplasmic extrusions facilitated the direct cell-cell spread of NSP4. The effect of NSP4 expression on the microtubular network of cells was analysed. It was found that NSP4 de-polymerized the microtubular network from the centre of cells and promoted the assembly of microtubules at the periphery of the cells in a glycosylation independent manner. Similar de-polymerization and re-assembly of the microtubules was observed in the virus-infected cells. Interestingly in the presence of nocodazole, tubular structures containing tubulin and viral proteins excluding NSP4 were found in virus-infected cells. A YFP-PCA assay was established to screen for cellular partners of NSP4. The functionality and the sensitivity of the assay were examined, but only two false positive colonies were isolated in the first screening. In conclusion, the function of glycosylated and unglycosylated NSP4 was examined with the former possessing the ability to promote the formation of the cytoplasmic extrusions from cells and both being capable of disrupting the microtubular network indicating that two forms of NSP4 play different roles in NSP4 function. The cytoplasmic extrusions seen in our studies may be relevant to rotavirus infection and pathogenesis.

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6

Krohn, Michael. "Immunhistochemische Untersuchungen mittels S100 und NSE nach Schädel-Hirn-Trauma". Doctoral thesis, Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2015. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-189289.

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1. Hintergrund Das Schädel-Hirn-Trauma (SHT) stellt eine der häufigsten Todesursachen und Begleitverletzungen bei nichtnatürlichen Todesfällen dar und ist damit Gegenstand der Routine-Untersuchungen in der Rechtsmedizin. Eine Abschätzung der Überlebenszeit (ÜLZ, d.h. der Zeitraum zwischen der Verletzungsentstehung und dem Todeseintritt) ist für die Chronologie eines Tatablaufs und Überprüfung von Zeugenaussagen / Alibiangaben von großer Bedeutung. Primär werden hierfür postmortal pathomorphologische und klassische histologische Befunde herangezogen. Immunhistochemische Untersuchungen haben bisher kaum Eingang in die Überlebenszeitdiagnostik gefunden, könnten aber zur Konkretisierung der bisher gängigen Methoden beitragen. Häufig untersuchte Proteine im Gehirn sind das S100-Protein (S100) und die Neuronenspezifische Enolase (NSE). Die Spiegel beider Marker werden im klinischen Alltag vielfach zur Abschätzung der Schwere und der Prognose eines SHT im Blut und Liquor gemessen. Immunhistochemisch wurden beide Proteine bisher vor allem auf deren allgemeines Vorhandensein und Verteilung im Zusammenhang mit SHT untersucht. Nur eine Studie beschäftigte sich bisher mit einer möglichen zeitlichen Dynamik. 2. Fragestellungen Folgende Fragen sollten durch vorliegende Arbeit beantwortet werden:  Existiert eine Korrelation zwischen dem Anteil positiv auf S100 gefärbter Gliazellen (Astroglia und Oligodendroglia) und der Überlebenszeit?  Ist eine Korrelation zwischen dem Anteil positiv auf NSE gefärbter Neuronen und der Überlebenszeit möglich?  Welche lokalisationsspezifische Veränderungen in den untersuchten Hirnregionen (Umgebung der Kontusion, Hippocampus, Kleinhirn) in Bezug auf die Überlebenszeit existieren?  Gibt es signifikante Unterschiede zwischen Fall- und Kontrollgruppe? 3. Material und Methoden Für diese Untersuchung wurden Hirngewebeproben aus 57 gerichtlich angeordneten Sektionen verwendet. Davon wiesen 47 ein tödliches SHT und ÜLZ zwischen wenigen Sekunden und 34 Tagen auf. Zehn Fälle mit kardiovaskulären Todesursachen wurden als Kontrolle herangezogen. Die Überlebenszeiten der Fälle mit tödlichem SHT wurden in Übereinstimmung mit bisherigen Studien in folgende Kategorien eingeteilt: Akuter Todeseintritt nach SHT (ÜLZ bis 2 Stunden), subakuter Todeseintritt nach SHT (ÜLZ 2 Stunden bis 4 Tage) und verzögerter Todeseintritt nach SHT (ÜLZ über 4 Tage). Die zur Untersuchung gelangten Proben wurden spätestens 6 Tage nach dem Versterben der Personen entnommen (Mittelwert 2,7 Tage). In allen Fällen wurde die Umgebung der Kontusion, bei 35 dieser Fälle der Hippocampus und bei 31 der Fälle auch das Kleinhirn untersucht. Die verschiedenen Regionen wurden jeweils gesondert für Rinde und Mark bzw. im Hippocampus für Stratum pyramidale und radiatum beurteilt. Die immunhistochemische Färbung auf S100 und NSE wurde mit der indirekten Dextran-Polymer-Methode (DakoCytomation), die Gegenfärbung mit Hämatoxylin nach Mayer durchgeführt. Verwendet wurden ein polyklonaler S100-Kaninchen-Antikörper sowie ein monoklonaler NSE-Maus-Antikörper (beide DakoCytomation). Für die semiquantitative Evaluation wurden gefärbte und ungefärbte Neuronen, Oligodendrozyten sowie Astrozyten in jeweils 20 High Power Fields gezählt. So konnte für jede Region und Zellart ein Prozentsatz positiver Zellen ermittelt werden. Für die statistische Auswertung wurde SPSS Statistics (Version 21, 2012 IBM) und OpenOffice Calc (Version 3.4.1, 2012 Apache Software Foundation) verwendet, es kamen der Mann-Whitney-Wilcoxon-Test (nicht-parametrisch), die Spearman-Korrelation und die Benjamini-Hochberg-Prozedur zum Einsatz. Eine Zustimmung zu dem der Promotionsschrift zugrunde liegendem Forschungsvorhaben wurde durch die Ethik-Kommission der Medizinischen Fakultät der Universität Leipzig erteilt (Nr. 117-12-23012012). 4. Ergebnisse Äußere Einflüsse. Es konnte keine Korrelation zwischen dem Anteil positiver Zellen und der Leichenliegezeit (rs= -0.27 bis 0.15, p = 0.1 bis 0.96) oder dem Geschlecht (p = 0.07 bis 0.98) festgestellt werden. Aufgrund des häufigeren Auftretens verzögerter Todeseintritte bei älteren Personen (rs = 0,33, p < 0.05) konnte keine sinnvolle Korrelation zwischen Alter und Zellpositivität durchgeführt werden. Zellzahlen insgesamt. Zur Qualitätssicherung und zur Vergleichbarkeit mit anderen Studien, wurden die Zellzahlen insgesamt erfasst. Hierbei wurden keine signifikanten Unterschiede in den unterschiedlichen ÜLZ-Kategorien festgestellt. Die Zellzahlen in den SHT-Fällen waren hingegen signifikant niedriger als in den Kontrollfällen. Unterschiede in den Kategorien der Überlebenszeit. Die Anteile S100-positiver Oligodendrozyten waren in Kontusionsumgebung signifikant niedriger in der Gruppe mit subakutem Todeseintritt als in der Gruppe mit akutem Todeseintritt (p < 0,05) sowie der Kontrollgruppe (p < 0,05). Im Hippocampus waren die Anteile S100-positiv gefärbter Oligodendrozyten in der Gruppe der akuten sowie subakuten Todeseintritte niedriger als in der Kontrollgruppe (jeweils p < 0,05). Im Vergleich mit der Kontrollgruppe waren die Anteile NSE-positiver Neuronen sowohl im Hippocampus als auch in der Kontusionsumgebung in der Gruppe der akuten Todeseintritte (jeweils p < 0,05) höher. Die Anteile NSE-positiver Neuronen im Hippocampus sanken in der Gruppe der subakuten im Vergleich zur Gruppe der akuten Todeseintritte ab (p < 0,05). Astrozyten zeigten bei dieser Studie keine signifikanten Unterschiede in ihrem Färbeverhalten in Bezug auf die ÜLZ. Überraschenderweise zeigten sich in den Gruppen mit subakutem und verzögertem Todeseintritt auch S100-positive Neuronen im Hippocampus und der Kontusionsumgebung. Diese Beobachtung konnte in der Akutphase nach Traumatisierung und in der Kontrollgruppe nicht gemacht werden. Im Hippocampus war eher eine diffuse neuroplasmatische, in der Kontusionsumgebung eine eher juxtanukleäre Färbung zu finden. In beiden Regionen war die Verteilung der S100-positiven Neuronen unsystematisch oft in räumlicher Nähe zu S100-positiven Gliazellen zu finden.

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De, La Torre Sousa César Augusto, Navarro Catherine Vanessa Figueroa, Rios Carlos Flavio Huamaní i Rodríguez César Oswaldo Ramírez. "Factores críticos del sector inmobiliario para incursionar del NSE A y B al NSE C y D de Lima Metropolitana". Master's thesis, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2013. http://tesis.pucp.edu.pe/repositorio/handle/123456789/8696.

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xiii, 163 h. : il. ; 30cm.
La investigación se centra en conocer los factores críticos para incursionar en el sector inmobiliario con departamentos en los niveles socioeconómicos (NSE) C y D para que promotores-constructores de pequeñas empresas de Lima Metropolitana, quienes actualmente construyen para los NSE A y B, puedan enfocar sus ventas en dichos niveles socioeconómicos. El conocimiento de los factores críticos, la identificación del tipo de mindset de un grupo de promotores-constructores entrevistados de pequeñas empresas y la propuesta de un tipo de departamento para incursionar en sectores populares ayudarán a solucionar en parte la problemática de aquellos promotores-constructores que no pueden dirigirse a los NSE C y D con proyectos masivos, permitiendo que estas empresas tengan mayores posibilidades de ampliar sus mercados y aprovechar las oportunidades que presenta la coyuntura inmobiliaria donde la demanda de viviendas en dicho sector sigue creciendo y la oferta actual no es suficiente. La investigación es del tipo exploratorio y ha utilizado un enfoque cualitativo. La muestra de promotores-constructores fue no probabilística, bajo el tipo experto y homogéneo. Los datos fueron recolectados de entrevistas en profundidad con una guía de preguntas que se indican en el capítulo 3. Las respuestas han sido grabadas y transcritas con la autorización de los entrevistados. Para procesar la información, se usó como herramienta el software Atlas TI, el cual permitió agrupar las respuestas de cada entrevistado ordenándolas de acuerdo con la antigüedad en el negocio. Los resultados indican que los factores críticos son cinco: parámetros urbanísticos del distrito, respaldo económico, importancia en la compra del terreno, optimización de los costos en la construcción y experiencia del promotor. Asimismo, se infiere que el tipo de mindset predominante en el grupo de promotores-constructores entrevistados es del tipo no empresarial, constringente y colectivo. III A partir de estos resultados, se construye un gráfico (mapa mental) de la relación entre los factores críticos y el tipo de mindset, para luego generar cuatro proposiciones que explica la relación del factor parámetros urbanísticos con el tipo de mindset fixed. Asimismo, el de los factores respaldo económico, compra de terreno y experiencia del promotor con el tipo de mindset constringente, y el del factor optimizar costos en construir con el tipo de mindset no empresarial. Sobre la alternativa de un tipo de departamento para incursionar en los NSE C y D en forma no masiva, se propone departamentos tipo loft, al ser un ambiente con pocos muros y espacios integrados de acuerdo con lo mencionado en el capítulo 2. El loft permite optimizar los costos de construcción, que es uno de los factores críticos identificados. Esta propuesta de vivienda puede dirigirse a los siguientes grupos sociales de los NSE C y D: (a) jóvenes profesionales y estudiantes universitarios; (b) personas con estilo de vida del tipo emprendedores y sensoriales, seleccionado de Arellano (2003); (c) hogares con pocos integrantes como los del tipo partida, tipo inicio y tipo fuera de ciclo, tomado de Ipsos Apoyo (2012); y (d) inversionistas. Las ventajas de ofrecer departamentos tipo loft para los NSE C y D son: (a) ampliación del negocio, al captar un público objetivo cuya demanda de vivienda no es atendida; y (b) al ser un departamento de transición, se podría construir mayor número de ambientes de uno o dos dormitorios para un público objetivo específico
The research is focused on identifying the critical factors to invest in real estate with apartments designed for socioeconomic status C and D so order that the developers-builders, which belong to small companies of Lima Metropolitan, who currently build for socioeconomic status A and B wil focus their sales in socioeconomic status C and D. Identifying the critical factors, finding the type of mindset of the group of developersbuilders, which compose the research sample, and proposing a type of housing, mainly apartments, to move into popular sectors, will help party to solve the problems of those developers-builders who currently can not address the socioeconomic status C and D with massive projects, allowing these companies to have greater opportunities to expand their markets and take advantage of opportunities presented by the real estate situation where the demand for housing in said sectors continues to grow and the current supply is not sufficient. The research is exploratory and uses a qualitative approach. The developers-builders sample was not random under the expert and homogeneous type. Data were collected from interviews with a guide of questions listed in Chapter 3. The responses were recorded and transcribed with the permission of the interviewees. In order to process the data we used a software tool called Atlas TI which allowed us to group the responses of each interviewee according to their years of experience in the business. The results showed five critical factors: zoning parameters of the districts, economic support, importance of the land purchase, optimization of construction cost and the developer´s experience. Also, it seems that the type of mindset prevalent in the group of developers-builders is the non-business, constricting and collectivistic type. From these results we built a graphical map of the relationship between the critical factors and the type of mindset, in order to generate four proposals that will explain, for instance, the relationship among the zoning parameters of districts, the fixed mindset, the V economic support, the important of the land purchase and developer´s experience with the constricting mindset, and finally the optimization of construction cost with the non-business mindset. The type of housing proposed to venture into socioeconomic status C and D in a nonmassive way will be the loft apartment since it implies few walls and integrated spaces as mentioned in Chapter 2. The loft apartment allows optimizing construction costs, which is one of the critical factors identified. The target market for this type of housing in the socioeconomic status C and D will be: (a) young professionals and college students, (b) people with an enterprising and sensorial lifestyle, according to author Arellano (2003), (c) households with few members such as departure type, initiation type and off-cycle type, taken from Ipsos Apoyo (2012), and (d) investors. The advantages of offering loft apartments for socioeconomic status C and D are: (a) business expansion identifying a target audience whose housing demands are not satisfied, and (b) building a higher number of one or two-bedroom apartments for a specific target audience
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8

Mir, Kiran D. "The rotavirus nonstructural protein 4 (NSP4) interacts with both the N- and C- termini of caveolin-1". Texas A&M University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/3976.

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Rotavirus (RV) is an etiologic agent of viral gastroenteritis in children and infants worldwide, accounting for an estimated 500,000 deaths annually. NSP4, the first described viral enterotoxin, contributes to RV pathogenesis by mobilizing intracellular calcium through multiple mechanisms that promote abnormal ion transport and subsequent secretory diarrhea. NSP4 and the enterotoxic peptide 114-135 preferentially interact with model membranes mimicking caveolae in lipid composition and radius of curvature. Our laboratory has recently reported the colocalization and coimmunoprecipitation of NSP4 with caveolin-1, the structural protein of caveolae. Moreover, the caveolin-1 binding domain of NSP4 has been localized to the enterotoxic peptide. We now report that caveolin-1 binds NSP4 via the N- and C-termini and one terminus is sufficient for binding. A panel of caveolin-1 deletion mutants was expressed in a yeast two-hybrid assay against an NSP4 bait. Caveolin-1 mutants retaining at least one terminus were capable of binding the NSP4 bait. An in vitro binding assay confirmed the two-hybrid results and localized the NSP4 binding domains to caveolin-1 residues 2-22 and 161-178. These data support the hypothesis that caveolin-1 mediates NSP4 signaling and/or intracellular trafficking.

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9

Ulrich, Anett. "S100B-Protein und Neuronenspezifische Enolase bei leichten Schädel-Hirn-Verletzungen im Kindesalter". Doctoral thesis, Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2011. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-63800.

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Fragestellung: Gegenstand dieser Untersuchung ist der diagnostische Nutzen der Neuro-Biomarker S100B-Protein und Neuronenspezifische Enolase (NSE) bei leichten Schädel-Hirn-Verletzungen im Kindesalter. Es wird untersucht, ob anhand der posttraumatischen S100B- und NSE-Serum-Konzentrationen Kinder mit einer Schädelprellung und einem leichten Schädel-Hirn-Trauma (SHT) differenziert werden können. Material und Methode: In einer prospektiven, klinischen Studie werden die posttraumatischen S100B- und NSE-Serum-Konzentrationen von Kindern im Alter zwischen 6 Monaten und 15 Jahren mit einer Schädelprellung oder einem leichten SHT untersucht. Kinder mit extrakraniellen Begleitverletzungen und Begleiterkrankungen sind ausgeschlossen. Die Blutentnahme erfolgt innerhalb von 6 Stunden nach dem Trauma. Es werden 2 diagnostische Gruppen definiert: Gruppe 1: asymptomatische Schädelprellungen (Glasgow-Coma-Scale [GCS] 15 Punkte), Gruppe 2: leichte SHT (GCS 13-15 Punkte) mit klinischen Zeichen einer Gehirnerschütterung (kurze Bewusstlosigkeit, Amnesie, Übelkeit, Erbrechen, Somnolenz, Kopfschmerzen, Schwindel, Sehstörungen, Kreislaufreaktion). Die S100B- und NSE- Konzentrationen werden zwischen beiden Diagnosegruppen verglichen. Die Korrelation zwischen S100B und NSE sowie zwischen den Markern und dem Alter der Kinder, dem Zeitraum zwischen Trauma und Blutentnahme, dem GCS-Wert und dem Vorhandensein von Kopfplatzwunden wird analysiert. Ergebnisse: 148 Kinder sind in die Studie eingeschlossen (53 Kinder mit einer Schädelprellung und 95 mit einem leichten SHT). Nach Adjustierung der gemessenen Marker-Konzentrationen auf Unterschiede im Alter und Zeitraum zwischen Trauma und Blutentnahme unterscheiden sich die S100B- und NSE-Konzentrationen nicht signifikant zwischen Kindern mit einer Schädelprellung und einem leichten SHT. Zwischen den S100B- und NSE-Konzentrationen besteht eine signifikant positive Korrelation. Beide Marker korrelieren signifikant negativ mit dem Alter und dem Entnahmezeitraum. Der GCS-Wert und das Vorhandensein von Kopfplatzwunden zeigen keinen Effekt auf die Marker-Konzentrationen. Schlussfolgerung: Die posttraumatischen S100B- und NSE-Serum-Konzentrationen zeigen keinen diagnostischen Nutzen bei der Differenzierung zwischen Kindern mit einer Schädelprellung und Kindern mit einem leichten SHT. S100B und NSE sind altersabhängige Marker.

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10

Perera, Natascha. "Investigation of the biochemistry and function of neutrophil serine protease 4 (NSP4)". Diss., Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 2014. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:19-167536.

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Serine proteases in cytoplasmic granules of neutrophils (NSPs), namely neutrophil elastase, cathepsin G (CG) and proteinase 3, have been under intense investigation for several decades. They are mainly known for their role in intracellular killing of pathogens and are also increasingly recognized as key regulators of innate immune responses. In 2009, I identiﬁed a fourth serine protease in neutrophils that has been completely overlooked and neglected so far. The aim of this thesis was an in-depth biochemical and functional characterization of this novel serine protease 4 (NSP4) of human neutrophils. Using monoclonal antibodies to NSP4, the distribution of NSP4 in normal human tissues was studied. NSP4 was observed only in neutrophils and neutrophil precursors of the bone marrow. The content of NSP4 in neutrophil lysates was about 20-fold lower compared to CG. Nevertheless, NSP4 was found to be released into the supernatant upon neutrophil activation. NSP4 could be further identiﬁed as a novel azurophil granule protein of neutrophils by Western blot analyses of subcellular fractions. For the functional analysis, the production and yield of recombinant NSP4 was clearly improved using different expression systems and DNA construct modiﬁcations. The proteolytic speciﬁcity was analyzed using E. coli peptide libraries, mass spectrometry and several synthetic peptide libraries. All these analyses clearly revealed an arginine speciﬁcity for NSP4. Consistent with this, NSP4 was strongly inhibited by heparin-accelerated antithrombin and C1 inhibitor and, with lower efﬁcacy, by α1-proteinase inhibitor (α1PI). The data allowed me to generate an NSP4-speciﬁc α1PI variant that was shown to form covalent complexes with all NSP4 of neutrophil lysates and supernatants of activated neutrophils. This ﬁnding strongly indicated that NSP4 is fully processed and stored as an already activated enzyme in azurophil granules. In addition, dipeptidyl peptidase I (DPPI) was identiﬁed as the activator of NSP4 in vivo, as DPPI deﬁciency resulted in complete absence of NSP4 in a Papillon-Lefèvre patient. Analysis of cell-based calcium assays revealed that proteinase-activated receptor-2 may represent a potential natural substrate of NSP4. So far, NSP4-deﬁcient mice did not show an abnormal phenotype under clean housing conditions. Activation of isolated neutrophils by phorbol esters or immune complexes was also not impaired. This study establishes NSP4 as the only arginine-speciﬁc pre-activated serine protease stored in azurophil granules of neutrophils that may fullﬁl a quite distinct, supportive role in neutrophil responses to tissue damage and bacterial infections.
Die Granula-assoziierten Serinproteasen der Neutrophilen, genannt Neutrophilen-Elastase, Cathepsin G (CG) und Proteinase 3, werden bereits seit über 30 Jahren intensiv erforscht. Sie sind hauptsächlich für ihre Funktion bei der intrazellulären Degradation von pathogenen Keimen bekannt. Außerdem werden sie zunehmend als wichtige Regulatoren der angeborenen Immunantwort angesehen. Im Jahr 2009 identiﬁzierte ich eine vierte Serinprotease in Neutrophilen, die bis dahin komplett übersehen wurde. Das Ziel dieser Arbeit war eine ausführliche Untersuchung der Biochemie und Funktion dieser neuen Serinprotease 4 (NSP4) in humanen Neutrophilen. NSP4 konnte in immunhistochemischen Analysen normaler Gewebe nur in Neutrophilen und deren Vorläuferzellen im Knochenmark nachgewiesen werden. Die Menge von NSP4 im Gesamtzelllysat von Neutrophilen war 20-fach geringer als die von CG. Dennoch konnte ich nachweisen, dass NSP4 von aktivierten Neutrophilen sezerniert wird. In subzellulären Neutrophilen-Fraktionen war NSP4 in erster Linie mit azurophilen Granula assoziiert. Die Produktion und Ausbeute rekombinanter, aktiver NSP4 wurde mithilfe verschiedener DNA-Konstrukte und Expressionssysteme deutlich verbessert. Für die Bestimmung der proteolytischen Speziﬁtät wurden E. coli Peptidbibliotheken, Massenspektrometrie und synthetische Peptidbibliotheken eingesetzt. Alle Ergebnisse ergaben eindeutig eine Arginin-Speziﬁtät für NSP4. NSP4 wurde sehr gut von Heparin-Antithrombin, C1 Inhibitor und mit geringerer Efﬁzienz von α1-Proteinase-Inhibitor (α1PI) blockiert. Die Ergebnisse ermöglichten die Herstellung einer NSP4-speziﬁschen α1PI Variante, die nachweislich mit der gesamten NSP4 aus Neutrophilen-Zelllysat und aus Überständen aktivierter Neutrophilen einen kovalenten Komplex bildete. Dies war ein klarer Hinweis für die Speicherung und Sekretion der NSP4 als aktive Endoprotease. Außerdem konnte ich zeigen, dass NSP4 in vivo von Dipeptidylpeptidase I (DPPI) aktiviert wird, da in einem Papillon-Lefèvre Patienten ohne funktionelle DPPI auch NSP4 nicht nachweisbar war. Intrazelluläre Kalziummessungen in HaCaT-Zellen ergaben, dass der Proteinase-aktivierte Rezeptor-2 ein mögliches natürliches Substrat für NSP4 sein könnte. In einer Pathogen-freien Reinraumumgebung zeigten NSP4-deﬁziente Mäuse bislang noch keinen Phänotyp. Auch die Aktivierung isolierter Neutrophilen durch Phorbolester oder Immunkomplexe war nicht beeinträchtigt. In dieser Arbeit gelang es mir, die erste aktive Arginin-speziﬁsche Serinprotease (NSP4) in azurophilen Granula von Neutrophilen zu identiﬁzieren. Wegen ihres Vorkommens in allen sequenzierten Genomen höherer Vertebraten könnte NSP4 eine wichtige Rolle bei der Steuerung und Verstärkung Neutrophilen-abhängiger Immunantworten zukommen.

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Бурий, С. О., i Юрій Михайлович Краснопольський. "Удосконалення біотехнології процесу виробництва вакцини для профілактики ротавірусної інфекції". Thesis, Національний університет біоресурсів і природокористування України, 2019. http://repository.kpi.kharkov.ua/handle/KhPI-Press/44498.

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Бурий, С. О., Юрій Михайлович Краснопольський i Олександр Миколайович Огурцов. "Удосконалення біотехнології процесу виробництва вакцини для профілактики ротавірусної інфекції". Thesis, Національний технічний університет "Харківський політехнічний інститут", 2019. http://repository.kpi.kharkov.ua/handle/KhPI-Press/44316.

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Fisher, Christine Marie. "Perceptions of Elementary School Children`s Parents Regarding Sexuality Education". University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1404314459.

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Jin, Yi. "Characterisation of the African horse sickness virus NS4 protein". Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2018. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/8973/.

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African horse sickness is one of the most deadly infectious diseases of horses. The disease is caused by African horse sickness virus (AHSV), an arbovirus transmitted by culicoides midges. AHSV is classified within the genus Orbivirus, family Reovirdae. The AHSV genome is composed by ten segments of double stranded RNA (dsRNA) encoding seven structural and at least four non-structural (NS) proteins. AHSV shares structural and functional similarities with Bluetongue virus, the ‘prototype’ species of the genus Orbivirus. An alternative open reading frame (ORF), overlapping the main ORF encoding the VP6, has been identified in segment 9 in both AHSV and BTV. This additional ORF encodes the non-structural protein NS4. The BTV NS4 localises in the nucleoli of the infected cells. NS4 is an interferon antagonist and a determinant of virus virulence. In this thesis, I aimed to characterise the AHSV NS4. Unlike the BTV NS4, the AHSV NS4 are relatively variable mong different virus strains. I have divided these proteins into four different subtypes: NS4I, NS4-IIα, -IIβ, and IIγ based upon their sequence similarity and on the presence of N-terminal or C-terminal truncations. In contrast to BTV, all four of these NS4 types localise in the cytoplasm of either transfected or infected cells. In addition, in transient transfection assays all the NS4 types show the ability to hamper gene expression, with NS4-IIβ being the most efficient. In order to further understand the biological significance of the AHSV NS4 we used reverse genetics to generate viruses expressing the four types of NS4 (AHSV-NS4-I, AHSV-NS4-IIα, AHSV-NS4-IIβ, AHSV-NS4-IIγ) and the corresponding NS4 deletion mutants (AHSV-ΔNS4-I etc.). Deletion of NS4 did not affect virus replication kinetics in either KC cells or interferon incompetent cells such as the BSR cell line. Similarly, both AHSV-NS4-IIβ and the corresponding ΔNS4 mutant showed similar replication kinetics in the interferon competent E. Derm cell line and in primary horse endothelial cells. In contrast, AHSV-NS4-I, AHSV-NS4-IIα, and AHSV-NS4-IIγ replicated more efficiently than the corresponding ΔNS4 viruses in these horse cells. Interestingly, the defects in replication of the NS4 viruses were removed after treatment with an inhibitor of the JAK/STAT pathway. Indeed, we observed that primary horse cells infected with the NS4 mutants released higher levels of type I interferon (IFN) than cells infected with the corresponding NS4 expressing viruses. In addition, we found the NS4 to be a determinant of virus virulence in vivo in NIH-Swiss mice infected with the viruses described above. Collectively, the data described in this thesis suggest that the NS4 is one of the proteins used by AHSV to modulate the IFN response.

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Cortavarria, Erick, Francisco González, Akira Mejía i Alberto Romani. "Lanzamiento de alimento para bebés dirigido al NSE C "Sanitos"". Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas - UPC. Escuela de Postgrado, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/273874.

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El presente documento desarrolla una propuesta de lanzamiento de una línea de productos de alimentación complementaria para bebés, con edades comprendidas entre los 6 y 12 meses de edad La línea de productos será lanzada por la empresa Alicorp Esta línea de productos tiene como grupo objetivo principal el NSE C, representados idealmente por Las Trabajadoras , nombre con el que el investigador peruano Rolando Arellano agrupa a personas de características similares en su libro Los Estilos de Vida en el Perú

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Blanchi, Véronique. "Interet diagnostique de l'enolase neuron-specifique (nse) en pathologie pleuropulmonaire". Nice, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988NICE6510.

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Storey, Stephen Michael. "Intracellular trafficking and plasma membrane microdomain distribution of the NSP4 enterotoxin during rotavirus infection in epithelial cells". [College Station, Tex. : Texas A&M University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-1210.

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Rodríguez, Díaz Jesús. "Estudios sobre la inmunogenicidad y los mecanismos fisiopatológicos de la proteína NSP4 de rotavirus". Doctoral thesis, Universitat de València, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/10106.

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Rotavirus es el principal agente causante de gastroenteritis viral en niños y animales jóvenes en todo el mundo. Una de las principales proteínas de rotavirus es la glicoproteína no estructural 4 (NSP4) que juega un papel crucial tanto en el ciclo replicativo de rotavirus, actuando como receptor de partículas inmaduras en el retículo endoplasmático, como en la fisiopatología de rotavirus, siendo la primera enterotoxina de origen vírico descrita hasta el momento. El objetivo de la presente tesis fue clonar y producir la glicoproteína NSP4 de diferentes cepas humanas y animales de rotavirus para así poder realizar estudios inmunogénicos tales como la caracterización de epitopos presentes en la proteína y la respuesta inmune que esta proteína despierta tras la infección por rotavirus. Así mismo nos planteábamos estudiar la capacidad que poseen tanto la infección por rotavirus como la proteína NSP4 de producir óxido nítrico (ON) tanto "in vivo" como "in vitro" y la posible implicación del ON en la fisiopatología de rotavirus. Se utilizó el sistema de expresión de baculovirus en células de insecto para la producción y purificación de la proteína NSP4 de diferentes cepas de rotavirus humanas y de animales en forma biológicamente activa. Experimentos de inmunización de ratones demostraron que los anticuerpos producidos frente a la proteína NSP4 reconocen principalmente el fragmento carboxi-terminal de la proteína (aminoácidos 114 a 175), por lo que esta región es inmunodominante. En la presente tesis se utilizó la tecnología de "phage display" para producir anticuerpos monoclonales de simple cadena (scFv) frente a la proteína NSP4. Esta técnica nos permitió aislar scFvs frente a regiones no inmunodominantes de la proteína NSP4.Los estudios realizados con sueros de niños convalecientes de una infección por rotavirus muestran que la proteína NSP4 provoca una respuesta inmune humoral tras la infección natural por rotavirus en niños, constituída por anticuerpos séricos de clase IgG y que esta respuesta no parece ser de larga duración, según los resultados obtenidos con sueros de niños y adultos sanos. Proteínas NSP4 procedentes de dos diferentes genotipos (A y B) fueron utilizadas para estudiar la reactividad cruzada de los anticuerpos frente a NSP4. Los resultados obtenidos muestran que los anticuerpos IgG séricos desarrollados frente a NSP4 en niños con gastroenteritis aguda por rotavirus presentan en el 40% de los casos estudiados reactividad cruzada frente a más de un genotipo de dicha proteína, por lo que este reconocimento de los genotipos A y B de NSP4 no es siempre heterotípico. Los experimentos realizados con células epiteliales humanas HT-29 "in vitro" muestran que la proteína NSP4 provoca un incremento de la secreción de ON en este tipo celular. Este incremento ocurre de forma paralela al incremento de calcio intracelular observado en la misma línea celular en respuesta a NSP4, indicando una posible participación de la enzima óxido nítrico sintasa constitutiva (cNOS). Por último los experimentos realizados "in vivo" en el modelo murino, así como en muestras de orina procedentes de niños con gastroenteritis por rotavirus muestran que las infecciones por rotavirus en ratones Balb/c provocan un aumento en la concentración de los productos derivados del ON en la orina de los animales infectados, con la participación de la enzima óxido nítrico sintasa inducible (iNOS) en el modelo murino y que este incremento se observa también en la orina de niños con gastroenteritis por rotavirus.
The baculovirus expression system in insect cells was utilized to produce and purify the biologically active form of the NSP4 protein from rotavirus strains isolated from different animal and human strains. After the immunization of mice with the different ourified NSP4 proteins the super-immune sera obtained from NSP4 immunized mice, strongly recognize the carboxi-end of the protein (aminoacids 114 to 175), being indicative of the immunodominance of this region.One of the objebtives of this thesis was to obtain monoclonal antibodies, using the phage display technique that showed to be a useful tool in producing antibodies that recognize different epitopes in the NSP4 protein, thus being able to conduct inhibitory studies to identify biological activity. One interesting result when using this technique was that the phage display technique allowed us for the isolation of single chain monoclonal antibodies against non-immunodominant regions of NSP4.We also present data on the immunogenicity of the NSP4 protein in natural rotavirus infections in humans. Our results show that the NSP4 protein elicits a humoral immune response in children that had been naturally infected by rotavirus. The IgG serical antibodies developed against the NSP4 in children suffering acute rotavirus gastroenteritis, present cross reactivity against more than one genotype of the protein in 40% of the studied cases, indicating that the recognition of A and B NSP4 genotypes is not always heterotypic.Finally we studied the possible role of the nitric oxide (NO) in rotavirus pathophysiology. The NSP4 protein produced an increase in NO secretion in cultured HT-29 human epithelial cells. This increase occurred in parallel to the intracellular calcium increase previously observed in the same cell line in response to the NSP4.The rotaviral infections in Blab/c mice produced an increase in the concentration of the nitric oxide derived products in the urine of the infected animals, through the induction of the inducible nitric oxide enzyme (iNOS) in the murine model. This increase was also observed in the urine of children suffering acute rotaviral gastroenteritis.

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Kalluri, Anila. "EXPRESSION OF CHOLERA TOXIN B SUBUNIT-ROTAVIRUS NSP4 ENTEROTOXIN FUSION PROTEIN IN TRANSGENIC CHLOROPLASTS". Master's thesis, University of Central Florida, 2005. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/3069.

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Rotavirus, the major cause of life-threatening infantile gastroenteritis, is a member of the Reoviridae family and is considered to be the single most important cause of virus-based severe diarrheal illness in infants and young children particularly 6 months to 2 years of age in industrialized and developing countries. Infection in infants and young children is often accompanied by severe life threatening diarrhea, most commonly following primary infection. Diarrhea is the major cause of death among children around the world. Responsible for 4 to 6 million deaths per year according to the World Health Organization (WHO), diarrhea is especially dangerous for infants and young children. Globally, it is estimated that 1.4 billion episodes of diarrhea occur in children less than five years of age annually. In the United States alone, rotavirus causes more than 3 million cases of childhood diarrhea each year, leading to an estimated 55,000 to 100,000 hospitalizations and 20 to 100 deaths. And is a major cause of mortality for children in developing countries with approximately one million deaths annually. Rotaviruses belong to the family Reoviridae and are spherical 70-nm particles. The virus genome contains 11 segments of double-stranded RNA, each encoding a viral capsid or nonstructural protein. The identification of a rotavirus nonstructural protein gene (NSP4) encoding a peptide, which functions both as a viral enterotoxin and as a factor involved in the acquisition of host cell membrane during virus budding from cells, provides a new approach for mucosal immunization. Protein expression through chloroplast transformation system offers a number of advantages like high level of transgene expression, transgene containment via maternal inheritance, lack of gene silencing and position effect due to site specific gene integration and also the possibility of multi gene engineering in single transformation event. It is also an environmentally friendly approach due to effective gene containment and lack of transgene expression in pollen. To achieve an enhanced immune response to rotavirus infection, a fusion gene encoding the cholera toxin B subunit linked to rotavirus enterotoxin 90 aa protein (CTB-NSP490) was introduced into transgenic chloroplast and was transformed into chloroplast genome of Nicotiana tabacum by homologous recombination. The chloroplast integration of CTB-NSP4(90) fusion gene was confirmed in transgenic tobacco plants by PCR analysis. Southern blot analysis further confirmed site specific gene integration and homoplasmy. Immunoblot analysis of transformed chloroplast confirmed the expression of CTBNSP490 fusion protein both in monomeric and pentameric forms that retained the binding affinity to the enterocytes GM1 ganglioside receptor. Expression levels of CTB-NSP4 protein was quantified by GM1 ganglioside binding ELISA assay; mature leaves expressed CTB-NSP4 fusion protein to upto 2.45 % in total soluble protein, 100-400 fold higher than nuclear expression which was only 0.006%-0.026%. Antibody titration and virus challenge experiments will be performed in mice at Loma Linda University to evaluate the antigenic and protective properties of the chloroplast derived CTB-NSP4 fusion protein.
M.S.
Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology
Burnett College of Biomedical Sciences
Molecular Biology and Microbiology

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TAVARES, Talissa de Moraes. "Caracterização dos genes de NSP4 e VP6 de amostras de rotavírus do grupo A provenientes de crianças da região Centro-Oeste do Brasil". Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2008. http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tde/1579.

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Made available in DSpace on 2014-07-29T15:26:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese Talissa de Morais Tavares.pdf: 2094396 bytes, checksum: cca589203914a2c676b55bcf55e62bbc (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-04-28
Group A rotaviruses are the major cause of gastroenteritis in children throughout the world. Epidemiological surveys and molecular analysis of rotavirus strains are required for gastroenteritis control and prevention. Studies using VP6, an important immunogenic structural protein, and NSP4, a transmembrane nonstructural glycoprotein which is critical to rotavirus morphogenesis and pathogenesis, have been performed. In this study, 330 rotavirus-positive fecal samples previously obtained from children with or without diarrhea, between 1987 and 2003, in three cities of Central West Region of Brazil (Goiânia, Brasília and Campo Grande), were characterized for VP6- and NSP4-encoding genes. The VP6 and NSP4 genes were amplified by reverse transcription- polymerase chain reaction followed by sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. Detection rates of 84.8% and 78.5% were observed for VP6 and NSP4 genes, respectively. Two distinct genotypes could be recognized for NSP4 (A and B). It was observed that the G9P[6] samples were associated with genotype A, whereas the G1P[6], G1P[8], G2P[8], G3P[8], G4P[8] and G9P[8] samples were associated with genotype B. The analysis of VP6 gene allowed genogrouping of samples in two clusters, genogroups I and II. The G2P[4], G3P[4] and G9P[6] samples were identified as genogroup I, whereas the G1P[6], G1P[8], G2P[8], G4P[6], G4P[8] and G9P[8] samples were identified as genogroup II. In addition, it was showed that samples identified as VP6 genogroup I were associated with NSP4 genotype A and samples identified as VP6 genogroup II were associated with NSP4 genotype B. This investigation described different genetic groups representing diversity of group A rotavirus samples circulating in the Central West Region of Brazil.
Os rotavírus do grupo A são considerados como os principais agentes de gastroenterite em crianças em todo o mundo. Investigações de vigilância epidemiológica e molecular são importantes para o controle e prevenção da doença. Nesse sentido, destacam-se os estudos utilizando VP6, proteína estrutural que se tem mostrado como a mais imunogênica, e NSP4, uma glicoproteína não estrutural transmembrana envolvida na morfogênese e patogênese viral. No presente estudo, 330 amostras de rotavírus coletadas de 1987 a 2003, provenientes de espécimes fecais de crianças com ou sem diarréia, em três cidades da Região Centro-Oeste do Brasil (Goiânia, Brasília e Campo Grande), foram caracterizadas em relação aos genes que codificam as proteínas VP6 e NSP4. Inicialmente, foi feita a amplificação dos genes de VP6 e NSP4 pela reação em cadeia pela polimerase pós-transcrição reversa, seguida do seqüenciamento genômico e de análise filogenética. Os genes de VP6 e NSP4 foram detectados em 84,8% e 78,5% das amostras, respectivamente. Dois genótipos de NSP4 foram identificados (A e B). Foi observado que as amostras G9P[6] associaram-se ao genótipo A e as amostras G1P[6], G1P[8], G2P[8], G3P[8], G4P[8] e G9P[8] associaram-se ao genótipo B. A análise do gene VP6 permitiu a identificação de dois genogrupos distintos (I e II). As amostras G2P[4], G3P[4] e G9P[6] foram caracterizadas como genogrupo I, enquanto as amostras G1P[6], G1P[8], G2P[8], G4P[6], G4P[8] e G9P[8] foram caracterizadas como genogrupo II. Ainda foi evidenciado que as amostras genogrupo I de VP6 estavam associadas com genótipo A de NSP4, e as amostras genogrupo II de VP6 estavam associadas com genótipo B de NSP4. A presente investigação identificou diferentes variantes genéticas, mostrando a diversidade dos rotavírus do grupo A circulantes na Região Centro-Oeste do Brasil.

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BARJAUD, PASCAL. "Etude d'un protocole d'utilisation dans la determination de la nse et du rapport nse/nne pour le suivi des cancers anaplasiques a petites cellules du poumon". Clermont-Ferrand 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992CLF13051.

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Gruber, Christine. "Differentialdiagnose beim Lungenkarzinom durch CEA, CYFRA 21-1, NSE und ProGRP". Diss., lmu, 2008. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:19-90260.

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Fontenoy, Claudia, Maria Ines Ortiz i Julio Santillana. "Relanzamiento y consolidación de la marca Trois en el NSE A". Master's thesis, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/596581.

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Relanzar una marca no es fácil, y más si se trata de una marca que pertenece a una empresa familiar, y que tiene como “hermana mayor” a Paula Cahen d´Anvers, marca argentina de ropa reconocida internacionalmente. Indumentaria Perú S.A.C es una empresa familiar fundada hace 8 años por Malena Manzanares, Cecilia y Marcela Fontenoy; las dos últimas hermanas de una de los co autores de esta tesis. Ellas tres se asociaron para traer “Paula” al Perú, pero en esta nueva experiencia, se sintieron empoderadas para poder crear su propia marca: así nace Trois. Pero, conforme pasaba el tiempo, Trois empezó a tomar más relevancia y, de ser la marca secundaria, se convirtió en la marca que vende más del 60% de la tienda. Con esta información, saltan muchas preguntas y dudas cómo: ¿A qué marca le damos más importancia? ¿Cómo se llamará la tienda? ¿Cómo diferenciamos las marcas? Al ver a Trois rentable, ¿Cómo hacemos que la marca crezca? ¿A quién nos dirigimos? Con todas estas preguntas empezamos la aventura de indagar sobre el mercado de la moda en el Perú – un mercado que es un verdadero boom - , profundizar en el conocimiento del target, averiguar los drivers de compra de las mujeres ejecutivas del NSE A, ver opciones de crecimiento, etc. Al principio, pensamos en que la presente tesis se centraría en el desarrollo de nuevos canales para expandir la marca; pero, si hacíamos esto, estaríamos validando que los supuestos de la marca eran correctos, cuando no estábamos seguros de ello. Lo importante también es entender las limitaciones y, aunque creamos fehacientemente que esta marca tiene mucho potencial de desarrollo, es importante que se pongan los pies sobre la tierra y entender que debemos avanzar poco a poco: primero consolidado la marca en la tienda propia de Miguel Dasso, conociendo los gustos de las clientas actuales, entender cómo les gusta comprar y con todo este background poder expandir la marca y hacerla crecer como sabemos que lo logrará. Luego de los análisis e investigaciones que se desarrollan a lo largo de la presente tesis, pudimos observar que el proyecto de relanzamiento es totalmente viable y que generará una alta rentabilidad y margen en las socias de la marca.

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Zboril, Sabrina. "Diagnóstico da síndrome da disfunção cognitiva em cães idosos após procedimento cirúrgico-anestésico". Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/10/10137/tde-16092015-112158/.

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A disfunção cognitiva é definida como alterações dos processos mentais e sua detecção é feita com auxílio de testes neuropsicológicos. Pesquisas vem sendo realizadas na tentativa de estabelecer prováveis marcadores neurobioquímicos precoces para estimar morte neuronal. O presente estudo avaliou 24 cães distribuídos em dois grupos: GC grupo controle (até 8 anos) (n=10) e GI grupo idoso (acima de 8 anos) (n=14). Todos os animais foram submetidos ao tratamento periodontal sob anestesia geral e avaliados previamente quanto à presença de outras doenças sistêmicas. Para tal foram submetidos a teste neurológico completo, exame cardiológico e à colheita de sangue venoso periférico para realização de hemograma completo, perfil renal e hepático. Os animais foram avaliados quanto a cognição com auxílio de duas escalas neuropsicológicas (ARCAD e CCDR) e à avaliação dos valores séricos das proteínas marcadoras de danos neuronais (NSE e S100β), nos períodos pré e pós-operatórios. Constatou-se aumento significativo da proteína S100β no GI em relação ao GC (p=0,014) no momento pré-operatório, e também entre os momentos pós-extubação nos animais do GC (p=0,04). Por meio das escalas comportamentais empregadas, não foi possível detectar a disfunção cognitiva no pós-cirúrgico de cães idosos submetidos a procedimento cirúrgico-anestésico. Os valores obtidos da proteína S100β sugerem que os animais idosos possuem possível neuroinflamação pré-operatória, ocasionada por inflamação sistêmica ou mesmo central; entretanto não foi possível correlacionar com as escalas comportamentais empregadas
Cognitive dysfunction is defined as changes in mental processes and it detection is performed with the aid of neuropsychological tests. Recently research has been conducted in attempt to establish early neuro biochemicals markers to estimate neuronal death. This study evaluated 24 dogs that were distributed into two groups: CG - control group (up to 8 years old) (n = 10) and EG - elderly group (over 8 years) (n = 14). All animals underwent periodontal treatment under general anesthesia and were previously evaluated to detect the presence of systemic diseases. A complete neurological and cardiac examination were performed in all animals and also a peripheral venous blood samples were collected for blood count, kidney and liver profile. The animals were assessed for cognition by using two neuropsychological scales (ARCAD and CCDR) and the assessment of serum levels of protein markers of neuronal damage (NSE and S100β) pre and postoperatively. A significant increase in S100β protein in EG compared to the CG (p = 0.014) in the preoperative period was observerd and also between the post-extubation times in the animals of CG (p = 0.04). Through behavioral scales used it was not possible to detect cognitive dysfunction in the postoperative elderly dogs underwent surgical - anesthetic procedure. The values of S100β protein suggest that elderly animals may have preoperative neuroinflammation caused by systemic or central inflammation; however we could not correlate with the behavioral scales

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Sarras, Marcella. "Påverkan av hemolys vid analys av neuronspecifikt enolas på Cobas". Thesis, Malmö universitet, Fakulteten för hälsa och samhälle (HS), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-44406.

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Neuronspecifikt enolas (NSE) är en viktig biomarkör för att diagnostisera t.ex. neuroendokrina tumörer, särskilt småcellig lungcancer (SCLC) och neuroblastom. NSE används även som en del i utredning av hjärnskada vid hjärtstopp. Eftersom NSE finns i höga koncentrationer i erytrocyter, kan hemolys i blodprovet orsaka falskt förhöjda NSE-nivåer i serum utan hjärnskada. Syftet med studien var att utvärdera hur hemolys påverkar NSE-analysen på Cobas, ett helautomatiserat analysinstrument. Mätning av NSE-koncentration utfördes på Cobas 8000 från Roche Elecsys, baserad på immunokemisk sandwich-metod med ElectroChemi-LuminiscenceImmunoassay (ECLI) detektionsteknik. För att studera hemolysens inverkan, tillverkades hemolysat från 20 patientprover. Dessa hemolysat tillsattes till poolat serum, med NSE-nivåer inom referensintervallet (< 17 µg/L). Även graden av hemolys bestämdes på Cobas 8000. Resultatet visade ett linjärt samband mellan de uppmäta hemolysindex (HI) värden och S-NSE värden. Variationen i NSE-tillskott på individnivå undersöktes och resulterade i slutsatsen att varje hemolysenhet motsvarar ett NSE-tillskott på 0,33 ± 0,07 µg/L som frigörs från erytrocyter. Ett förslag för att lösa problemet med hemolys vid analys av S-NSE är att använda en kompenserande faktor för att korrigera NSE-koncentrationen. Kompensering kan utföras med hjälp av det erhållna sambandet i studien (1 HI = 0,33 ± 0,07 µg/L NSE-tillskott) genom att subtrahera tillskottet från den uppmätta NSE-koncentrationen.
Neuron Specific Enolase (NSE) is an important biomarker for diagnosing e.g. neuroendocrine tumors, especially small cell lung cancer (SCLC) and neuroblastoma. NSE is also used as a part of the investigation of brain damage in cardiac arrest. Because NSE is present in high concentrations in erythrocytes, hemolysis in the blood sample can cause falsely elevated NSE levels in serum without brain damage. The purpose of this study was to evaluate how hemolysis affects NSE analysis on Cobas, a fully automated analytical instrument. Measurement of NSE concentration was performed on Cobas 8000 from Roche Elecsys, based on immunochemical sandwich method with ElectroChemi-Luminescence Immunoassay (ECLI) detection technique. To study the effect of hemolysis, hemolysates were prepared from 20 patient samples. These hemolysates were added to pooled serum, with NSE levels within the reference range (<17 μg/L). The degree of hemolysis was also determined on Cobas 8000. The result showed a linear relationship between the measured hemolysis index (HI) values and S-NSE values. The variation in NSE contribution at the individual level was examined with the result that each hemolysis unit corresponds to an NSE contribution of 0.33 ± 0.07 µg/L, which is released from erythrocytes. A suggestion to solve the problem of hemolysis relating to NSE analysis is to use a compensatory factor to correct the NSE concentration. Compensation can be performed by using the relationship obtained in the study (1 HI = 0.33 ± 0.07 µg/L NSE contribution) and subtracting the contribution from the measured NSE concentration.

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Small, Lauren. "An investigation into the function of the SUMOylation of Nse2 and PCNA in S. pombe". Thesis, University of Sussex, 2014. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/52751/.

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Small ubiquitin like modifier (SUMO) is post-translationally attached to target proteins, forming a covalent bond between its C-terminal glycine and one or more lysine residues on the target protein. SUMO modification of target proteins can affect protein-protein interactions, protein activity, localistation and stability. This study set out to develop an efficient in vitro SUMOylation system to enable the identification of target lysine residues in S. pombe proteins by mass spectrometry. This involved incorporating a trypsin cleavage site adjacent to the SUMO di-glycine motif to improve peptide coverage during mass spectrometry. Several SUMOylated target proteins were identified here, including the E2 SUMO conjugating enzyme Hus5, the E3 SUMO ligase Nse2 and PCNA. The second part of this study focused on the characterisation of unSUMOylatable E3 SUMO ligase nse2 mutants. Integration of lysine to arginine mutations into the genome did not result in any mutant phenotypes and a function for auto-SUMOylation of Nse2 was not identified. During this study, human patients with mutations in the nse2 gene were reported and the equivalent mutations were integrated into the S. pombe nse2 gene to investigate the effect of the mutations. The final part of this work involved the analysis of the SUMOylation of S. pombe PCNA. Using the in vitro system, four target lysine residues for SUMO were identified. SUMOylation of PCNA was also observed in vivo following pull-down studies and 2D gel analysis of wild type and unSUMOylatable mutants. Extensive epistasis analysis was undertaken using these mutants to investigate the role of SUMOylation of S. pombe PCNA.

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Romero, Meza Verónica Patricia. "Sensibilidad materna y problemas de conducta en niños preescolares de NSE bajo". Bachelor's thesis, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2016. http://tesis.pucp.edu.pe/repositorio/handle/123456789/7481.

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Tanto Ainsworth como Bowlby plantearon que la sensibilidad materna es un factor que se asocia al desarrollo de un apego seguro en el niño, lo cual ha sido respaldado por diversos estudios a lo largo del tiempo. De esta manera, el niño que posea un apego seguro tendría menos posibilidades de desarrollar problemas de conducta a lo largo de su vida. De esta manera, el presente estudio tiene como objetivo evaluar la relación entre la sensibilidad materna y los problemas de conducta en preescolares de nivel socioeconómico bajo de Lima Metropolitana. Para ello se evaluó a 36 niños(as) con un rango de edad de 36 a 59 meses (M = 44.31, DE = 7.09) junto a sus madres con edades entre 22 y 42 años de edad (M = 28.33, DE = 5.14). Asimismo, para evaluar la sensibilidad materna se utilizó el Maternal Behavior for Preschooler´s Q-set (MBPQS) (Posada, Kaloustian, Richmond & Moreno, 2007) y para los problemas de conducta el Child Behavior Check List 1.5- 5 (CBCL 1.5- 5) (Rescorla, 2005; ASEBA, 2014). Los resultados muestran que no existe una relación entre la sensibilidad materna y los problemas de conducta en el niño(a). Asimismo, se encontró una diferencia significativa en los problemas de conducta global en relación al sexo del niño, es decir, los varones tienden a presentar mayores problemas de conducta. Además, en cuanto a la escala externalizante se evidenció que los varones presentan más tendencia a desarrollar problemas de este tipo que las niñas, no mostrando ninguna diferencia significativa en la escala internalizante.
Ainsworth and Bowlby raised that maternal sensitivity is a factor associated with the development of a secure attachment in the child, has been supported by several studies over time. In this way, the child, with a secure attachment, would be less likely to develop behavioral problems throughout his life. The present study aims to explore the relationship between maternal sensitivity and behavior problems in preschool children of low socioeconomic status belonging to Lima Metropolitana. In order to achieve this, 36 children with ages in a range of 36 to 59 months (M = 44.31 , SD = 7.09) were evaluated, as well as their mothers, whose age oscillated between 22 and 42 years (M = 28.33 , SD = 5.14). Also, to evaluate maternal sensitivity was used the Maternal Behavior for Preschooler´s Q-set (MBPQS) (Posada, Kaloustian, Richmond & Moreno, 2007) and for behavior problems the Child Behavior Check List 1.5- 5 (CBCL 1.5- 5) (Rescorla, 2005; ASEBA, 2014). The results show there were not significant relation between maternal sensitivity and behavior problems in the child. Likewise, we found one significant difference in global behavior problems in relation to the sex of the child, where boys tend to have greater problems of conduct than girls. Moreover, the externalizing scale was shown that boys are more likely to develop this kind of problems than girls, showing no significant difference in internalizing scale.
Tesis

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Toledo, Flavia Dutra de. "Biomarcadores de lesão cerebral em pacientes idosos submetidos à anestesia subaracnoidea para tratamento de fraturas de fêmur". Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/157335.

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Introdução: A última atualização demográfica do Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística realizada em 2017 mostrou que a população acima de 60 anos representava 14,6% dos 207,1 milhões de habitantes do Brasil, o que corresponde a aproximadamente 30 milhões de idosos, com expectativa de vida de 75,8 anos. Entre 2007 e 2011, o número acumulado de internações por fraturas de fêmur em pacientes acima de 60 anos, nos hospitais do Sistema Único de Saúde, foi de 175.781 O delirium pós-operatório é uma complicação comum nos pacientes idosos, e está associado a hospitalizações prolongadas, maiores taxas de institucionalização após a alta, deterioração cognitiva prolongada, diminuição da capacidade funcional, além de ser fator independente de mortalidade em 6-12 meses. Estudo disponível na literatura mostra que 14 a 24% dos pacientes idosos com fratura de quadril apresentam delirium já na admissão hospitalar, sendo que a prevalência durante a internação chega a 56%. Os mecanismos fisiopatológicos do desenvolvimento do delirium pós-operatório (DPO) e do déficit cognitivo pós-operatório têm sido estudados em nível molecular, porém ainda com pouco ganho. Maiores esforços de pesquisa são colocados na identificação de biomarcadores diagnósticos e prognósticos que estejam relacionados com mecanismos moleculares que levam ao DPO. Objetivos: Primariamente, relacionar os níveis séricos de dois biomarcadores de neuroinflamação (S100B e enolase neurônio-específica) com a ocorrência de delirium pré e pós-operatório em pacientes idosos submetidos a cirurgias de correção de fratura de quadril (fêmur proximal). Como objetivo secundário, foi proposto avaliar a influência dos fatores sexo, hipotensão perioperatória, classificação de risco anestésico ASA, uso de fármacos anestésicos para sedação (midazolam e fentanil), além de duração e tipo de cirurgia realizada (artroplastia de quadril ou osteossíntese de fêmur) sobre os níveis dos biomarcadores. Métodos: Foi realizado estudo clínico observacional prospectivo com pacientes acima de 60 anos internados no HCFMB para correção de fratura de quadril (terço proximal do fêmur) no período de maio de 2017 a abril de 2018; todos os pacientes assinaram o Termo de Consentimento Livre e Esclarecido. Os pacientes foram avaliados em dois momentos: dentro das 24 horas que antecederam a cirurgia (M1) e, novamente, 24 horas após o final da cirurgia (M2). Em cada momento, foi realizado o diagnóstico de presença ou ausência de delirium por meio da escala CAM (Confusion Assessment Method), instrumento validado em Português, e foram coletadas amostras de sangue para dosagem de S100B e Enolase plasmáticos. As dosagens dos biomarcadores foram realizadas por método ELISA. Resultados: Dos 42 pacientes analisados, 33 eram do sexo feminino e 9 do sexo masculino (78,57% e 21,4%, respectivamente), com idade média de 71,97 ± 8,68 anos. Delirium ocorreu em 11,9% dos pacientes em M1 e 16,7% em M2. Não houve variação dos níveis médios de S100B entre pacientes com e sem delirium, nem dentro do mesmo momento, quanto de um momento para outro (p=0,12). Os valores médios de NSE foram estatisticamente diferentes quando comparados os pacientes sem delirium pré-operatório e aqueles com delirium pós-operatório (p=0,002); entretanto, pacientes que não tiveram delirium em qualquer momento também apresentaram variação significante do marcador entre M1 e M2 (p=0,004). Ainda, pacientes com delirium pós-operatório tiveram níveis mais altos de NSE dosados em M2 (p=0,02). Mulheres apresentaram maiores níveis de S100B (p=0,03), enquanto as médias de NSE foram maiores entre homens (p=0,04). Não houve influência da classificação ASA tanto nos níveis de S100B quanto de NSE (p=0,67 e p=0,12, respectivamente). Níveis mais altos de S100B foram verificados em pacientes que apresentaram algum episódio de hipotensão perioperatória (p=0,035), porém não houve relação entre este último evento e a ocorrência de delirium pós-operatório (p=0,65). Quanto ao uso de sedação intraoperatória, doses maiores de midazolam foram administradas aos pacientes que não desenvolveram DPO (p=0,001), enquanto as doses de fentanil não diferiram entre pacientes com e sem DPO (p=0,21). Não houve relação entre o tipo de procedimento cirúrgico executado e duração média da cirurgia (p=0,89 e p=0,15, respectivamente) com a ocorrência de DPO. Conclusões: Não foi encontrada associação entres os níveis do marcador S100B e a presença de delirium em qualquer momento; entretanto, níveis pré-operatórios aumentados de NSE foram relacionados à ocorrência de delirium pós-operatório. Pacientes com episódios de hipotensão perioperatória apresentaram níveis mais altos de S100B na avaliação pós-operatória. São necessárias investigações futuras quanto ao nível de expressão destas proteínas por outros tecidos e se existem outras vias de sinalização celular ainda desconhecidas, para que assim possamos entender melhor o comportamento destes biomarcadores e a sua relação com a patogênese do delirium.
Background: According to the latest census from IBGE (Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística), population over 60 years-old accounted for 14,3% of a total 204,9 million habitants in Brazil. From 2007 to 2011, 175.781 elder patients were admitted after a hip fracture in brazilian public hospitals. Post-operative delirium (POD) is an usual complication in the elderly and is associated to longer hospital stay, cognitive impairment, functional decline and increased 6-12 months mortality rate. Delirium rates between the elder population can be as high as 14 to 24% already at admission, being the prevalence as high as 56% during hospital stay. Pathophysiologic mechanisms of delirium have been studied at molecular level, but research efforts are still needed in order to develop sensitive and specific early markers for this condition, so that diagnosis and effective treatment would be readily given. Objectives: This research project aims to correlate two neuroinflamation biomarkers serum levels (S100B protein and Neuron Specific Enolase - NSE) and the incidence of pre and postoperative delirium in elderly patients undergoing hip fracture repair. Also, we intent to evaluate how gender, ASA Physical Status classification and perioperative hypotension may contribute to changes in the levels of these biomarkers. Methods: An observational prospective study was proposed envolving patients aged 60 or more who were admitted at Clinics Hospital of Botucatu Medical School (Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil) for hip fracture repair, from May, 2017 to April, 2018. All patients signed the Informed Consent. The CAM (Confusion Assessment Method) short scale was used to assess the presence of delirium first at admission and again, 24 hours after surgery. Blood samples were also collected at two moments, by the patient’s admission to the operating room and then 24 hours after surgery, to assess NSE and S100B plasmatic levels. S100B and NSE levels were measured on the Synergy HT Biotec analyzer using ELISA technique (Elabscience ® kits). Results: Of 42 patients included, 33 were female and 9 male (78.57% vs 21.4%), with mean age of 71.97 ± SD 8.68 years). Delirium occurred in 11.9% of patients at M1 and 16.7% at M2. S100B mean levels did not significantly change between patients with and without delirium, neither at the same moment (p=0.95 and p=0.96, respectively) nor from M1 to M2 (p=0,12). NSE levels in delirious and non-delirious patients at M1 were elevated at M2 (p=0.04); however, higher NSE levels at M1 were significantly related to emergence of delirium at M2 (p=0.002). Moreover, despite of the fact that NSE levels increased at M2 in patients without delirium (p=0.004), delirious patients at M2 had significantly higher NSE levels (p=0.02). S100B levels were higher in female patients (p=0.03), whereas NSE was higher in male ones (p=0.04). Perioperative hypotension was linked to higher S100B levels at M2 (p=0.035), but not to postoperative delirium 9p=0,65). ASA classification had no influence on biomarkers levels. Regarding the use of intraoperative sedation, higher amounts of midazolam were administered to patients who did not further develop POD (p=0.001); fentanyl doses did not differ between patients with or without POD (p=0.21). Surgical technique (hip replacement or osteosynthesis) and surgery duration had no influence on POD occurrence (p=0.89 and p=0.15, respectively). Conclusions: No association was found between S100B levels and delirium, but increased preoperative NSE levels were related to emergence of postoperative delirium. Patients with records showing episodes of perioperative hypotension had higher postoperative levels of S100B. Further investigation of yet unidentified tissue expression and signaling pathways of these proteins are needed in order for them to be used as predictors of delirium in clinical practice.

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Skilton, Andrew Michael. "Investigation of SUMO phosphorylation and analysis of selected targets of the two sumo ligases NSE2 and PLI1". Thesis, University of Sussex, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.496854.

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SUMO (Small Ubiquitin-like Modifier) is a post-translational modifier, which is conjugated to its targets through a pathway analogous to that of ubiquitinylation. SUMO is implicated in a variety of cellular processes that have consequences for the repair of DNA damage and cell cycle progression. This is reflected in the fact that S. pombe cells, mutant for the SUMO conjugation pathway, are sensitive to genotoxins and have aberrant cellular morphologies and defects in DNA segregation.

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Perera, Natascha [Verfasser], i Elisabeth [Akademischer Betreuer] Weiß. "Investigation of the biochemistry and function of neutrophil serine protease 4 (NSP4) / Natascha Perera. Betreuer: Elisabeth Weiß". München : Universitätsbibliothek der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1049393120/34.

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Apostolova, Sonia. "The RING domain of Nse1: roles in Smc5/6 complex stability and genome integrity in human cells". Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Lleida, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/672395.

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El complex Smc5/6, és un dels tres complexos de manteniment de l’estructura dels cromosomes (Structural Maintenance of Chromosomes, SMC). En aquest treball de tesi es mostra que el domini RING de la subunitat Nse1 del complex Smc5/6, té un paper crucial en el manteniment de l’estabilitat genòmica en cèl·lules humanes. Mitjançant CRISPR-Cas9 hem creat mutants estables de NSE1 en el domini RING C-terminal en cèl·lules HEK293T. En aquests mutants no es detecta la proteïna Nse1, ni altres subunitats del complex. A més, presenten un fenotip d’inestabilitat genòmica, caracteritzat per un creixement lent, mitosis més prolongades en el temps, dany endogen en el DNA, un alentiment en la progressió de les forquilles de replicació i sensibilitat a l’agent genotòxic MMS. Els nostres resultats suggereixen que els mutants en NSE1 entren en mitosis amb la presència de zones del DNA no replicades o amb estructures de recombinació no resoltes, que porten al trencament de cromosomes i a inestabilitat genòmica en la següent generació.
El complejo Smc5/6, es uno de los tres complejos de mantenimiento de la estructura de los cromosomas (Structural Maintenance of Chromosomes, SMC). En esta tesis se muestra que el dominio RING de la subunidad Nse1 del complejo Smc5/6, tiene un papel crucial en el mantenimiento de la estabilidad genómica en células humanas. Mediante CRISPR-Cas9 hemos creado mutantes estables de NSE1 en el dominio RING C-terminal, en células HEK293T. En estos mutantes no se detecta la proteína Nse1, ni otras subunidades del complejo. Además, presentan un fenotipo de inestabilidad genómica, caracterizado por un crecimiento lento, mitosis más prolongadas, daño endógeno en el ADN, ralentización en la progresión de las horquillas de replicación y sensibilidad a el agente genotóxico MMS. Estos resultados sugieren que los mutantes en NSE1 entran en mitosis con la presencia de zonas del DNA no replicadas o con estructuras de recombinación no resueltas, que llevan a la rotura de cromosomas y a inestabilidad genómica en la siguiente generación.
The Smc5/6 complex is one of the three Structural Maintenance of Chromosomes (SMC) complexes. This thesis shows that the RING domain of the Nse1 subunit of the Smc5/6 complex plays a crucial role in maintaining genomic stability in human cells. Using CRISPR-Cas9 we created stable mutants of NSE1 in the C-terminal RING domain, in HEK293T cells. Nse1 protein and other subunits of the complex are not detected in these mutants. In addition, they present a phenotype of genomic instability, characterized by slow growth, prolonged mitosis, endogenous DNA damage, slowing in the progression of replication forks and sensitivity to the genotoxic agent MMS. These results suggest that mutants in NSE1 enter mitosis with the presence of unreplicated DNA regions or with unresolved recombination structures, leading to chromosome breakage and genomic instability, in the next generation.

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Perera, Natascha Cynthia [Verfasser], i Elisabeth [Akademischer Betreuer] Weiß. "Investigation of the biochemistry and function of neutrophil serine protease 4 (NSP4) / Natascha Perera. Betreuer: Elisabeth Weiß". München : Universitätsbibliothek der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 2014. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:19-167536.

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Zhang, Zhihan. "NSEA: n-Node Subnetwork Enumeration Algorithm Identifies Lower Grade Glioma Subtypes with Altered Subnetworks and Distinct Prognostics". Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case148595901371196.

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Stoll, Alexander. "Neurologische Komplikationen nach Herzoperationen unter der Berücksichtigung der Hypoxiemarker NSE und Protein S100 /". Hamburg : Akademos Wiss.-Verl, 2003. http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&doc_number=010456703&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA.

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SantAnna, Alexandre Magno de Souza. "Efeito da hidrogenação em solução NS4 nas propriedades do aço API 5L X-65". Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 2010. http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=1287.

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O comportamento do aço API 5L X65 foi estudado em solução sintética NS4. Estudou-se o efeito da hidrogenação ao aplicar um potencial catódico nas amostras de tração e de impacto Charpy. Estas amostras foram imersas em solução saturada de sulfato de cobre para evitar a saída de hidrogênio, sendo posteriormente foram testadas à tração e ao impacto. Algumas amostras foram tratadas superficialmente por shot peening antes de serem hidrogenadas. Após todos esses tratamentos foi medida a tensão residual nas amostras por tensometria de raios X. Adicionalmente, foram levantadas curvas de polarização anódica e catódica do aço na solução NS4 desaerada com nitrogênio gasoso e simulado o equilíbrio químico desta solução. As superfícies de fratura das amostras foram analisadas por microscopia eletrônica de varredura.
The behavior of API 5L X-65 steel immersed in synthetic solution NS4 was studied. The changes caused on the effect of the hydrogen when applying a cathodic electrical potential on tensile and impact samples were also studied. The samples were immersed into saturate solution of copper sulfate to avoid the hydrogen desorption and after that, were performed tensile and impact tests. Some samples were submitted to shot peening process before suffering the hydrogen action. After these treatments the residual stress was determined by X ray tensometry. Additionally, cathodic and anodic polarization curves were obtained in NS4 solution deaerated with nitrogen gas. Moreover, the chemical balance of NS4 solution was performed. The fracture surfaces of the samples were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy.

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Alfaro, Prieto Gladys Consuelo. "Sensibilidad materna y apoyo social percibido en madres de niños preescolares de NSE bajo". Bachelor's thesis, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2017. http://tesis.pucp.edu.pe/repositorio/handle/123456789/9386.

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La investigación tuvo como finalidad conocer la relación entre sensibilidad materna y el apoyo social percibido por madres de niños/as preescolares de nivel socioeconómico bajo. Para ello, participaron 29 madres entre 23 y 44 años (M = 29.57, DE = 5.65), cuyos hijos/as tenían entre 49 y 73 meses de edad (M = 57, DE = 6.87). Se utilizó el Maternal Behavior for Preschoolers’ Q-Set (Posada, Moreno, & Richmond, 1998) en modalidad de observación y el Cuestionario de Desenlaces Médicos de Apoyo Social (Sherbourne & Stewart, 1991) validado en español por Rodríguez y Enrique (2007). Los resultados mostraron una asociación significativa y positiva de mediana magnitud entre el apoyo social de tipo instrumental y el nivel global de sensibilidad materna, así también con las escalas de supervisión y monitoreo, y apoyo de base segura. Se tuvo como objetivo específico describir la sensibilidad materna, obteniéndose un bajo nivel en sus puntuaciones, así como una correlación negativa de significancia marginal con la edad de la madre. Respecto al segundo objetivo específico, se describió el apoyo social y se identificó que el apoyo instrumental se percibe en menor medida que los otros tipos de soporte, además de hallar diferencias en el nivel de apoyo según la estructura familiar de la madre. Estos hallazgos revelan que en contextos de pobreza, a medida que las cuidadoras perciben asistencia conductual y material tanto en el cuidado de su hijo/a preescolar como en sus labores cotidianas, ellas tienden a mostrarse más sensibles en la crianza.
The research aims at exploring the relationship between maternal sensitivity and perceived social support in mothers of pre-school children of low socioeconomic status. Twenty-nine mothers between the ages of 23 and 44 (M = 29.57, SD = 5.65), whose children were between 49 and 73 months of age (M = 57, SD = 6.87). This study used the Maternal Behavior for Preschoolers' Q-Set (Posada, Moreno, & Richmond, 1998) in observation mode, and the Social Support Medical Outcomes Questionnaire (Sherbourne & Stewart, 1991) validated in Spanish by Rodríguez and Enrique (2007). The results showed a significant and positive association of medium magnitude between instrumental type social support and the overall level of maternal sensitivity, as well as with the scale supervision and monitoring and safe base support. A specific objective was to describe maternal sensitivity, which was found a low level in her grades, as well as a negative correlation of marginal significance with the mother's age. Regarding the second specific objective, the social support was described and it was identified that the instrumental support is the one that is perceived in a smaller proportion than the other types of support, besides finding differences in the level of support according to the family structure of the mother. These findings indicate that in contexts of poverty, as mothers perceive behavioral and material assistance in the care of their preschool child and in their daily tasks, they tend to be more sensitive in parenting.
Tesis

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Quantin, Xavier. "Intérêt pronostic de la NSE sérique pour le cancer bronchique non à petites cellules". Montpellier 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995MON11020.

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Zwart, Lizahn. "Investigating two AHSV non-structural proteins : tubule-forming protein NS1 and novel protein NS4". Diss., University of Pretoria, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/62198.

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African horse sickness is an equid disease caused by African horse sickness virus (AHSV). AHSV produces seven structural proteins that form the virion and four non-structural proteins with various roles during replication. The first part of this study investigated the intracellular distribution and co-localisations of NS1 with other AHSV proteins to facilitate its eventual functional characterisation. Confocal microscopy revealed that NS1 formed small cytoplasmic foci early after infection that gradually converged into large fluorescent NS1 tubule bundles. Tubule bundles were more organised in AHSV-infected cells than in cells expressing NS1 alone, suggesting that tubule bundle formation requires the presence of other AHSV proteins or regulation of NS1 expression rates. NS1 occasionally co-localised with VP7 crystalline structures, independently of other AHSV proteins. However, when NS1-eGFP, a modified NS1 protein that contains enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP) near the C-terminus, was co-expressed with VP7, co-localisation between these proteins occurred in most co-infected cells. It is not clear how the addition of eGFP to NS1 induces this co-localisation and further investigation will be required to determine the function of NS1 during viral replication. The second part of the study focused on characterising the novel non-structural AHSV protein NS4. The NS4 open reading frame (ORF) occurs on segment 9, overlapping the VP6 ORF in a different reading frame. In silico analysis of segment 9 nucleotide and NS4 predicted amino acid sequences revealed a large amount of variation between serotypes, and two main types of NS4 were identified based on these analyses. These proteins differed in length and amino acid sequence and were named NS4-I and NS4-II. Immunoblotting confirmed that AHSV NS4 is translated in AHSV infected insect and mammalian cells, and also in Sf9 insect cells infected with recombinant baculoviruses that overexpress the genome segment 9 proteins, VP6 and NS4. Confocal microscopy showed that NS4 localised to both the cytoplasm and nucleus, but not the nucleolus, in AHSV-infected cells and recombinant baculovirus infected Sf9 cells. Nucleic acid protection assays using bacterially expressed purified NS4 showed that both types of NS4 bind dsDNA, but not dsRNA. This was the first study to focus on AHSV NS4. Future work will focus on determining the role of non-structural proteins in viral pathogenesis, and will involve the use of a reverse genetics system for AHSV.
Dissertation (MSc)--University of Pretoria, 2013.
Genetics
MSc
Unrestricted

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39

Elias, Bruno Cesar. "Comparação dos valores séricos de enolase neuronal específica (NSE) em cães com e sem encefalite". Universidade Estadual de Londrina. Centro de Ciências Agrárias. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência Animal, 2016. http://www.bibliotecadigital.uel.br/document/?code=vtls000205310.

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Biomarcadores são utilizados na medicina humana e veterinária com intuito de auxiliar as condutas clínicas. A enolase neuronal específica (neuronal especific enolase - NSE) é um biomarcador de citólise neuronal, que possui estabilidade em fluídos extracelulares, como sangue e líquido cerebroespinhal. Em pesquisas clínicas com humanos, foi observada confiabilidade em amostras séricas para diferenciar e estimar danos no sistema nervoso central em casos de encefalite. Na medicina veterinária, não foram encontrados estudos avaliando a expressão da NSE em amostras séricas de cães com encefalite. Deste modo, os objetivos desse estudo foram comparar os valores da NSE sérica em cães com e sem encefalite e avaliar a eficácia do teste de ELISA na detecção do biomarcador. Para isso, foram utilizados no total 38 cães, distribuídos em dois grupos, sendo 19 cães com encefalite (GE) e 19 cães sem encefalite (GS). Os critérios para inclusão para o GS foram: idade entre 1 e 7 anos, com exames clínico e laboratoriais normais. Para o GE os critérios de inclusão foram: cães com sinais neurológicos encefálicos, diagnóstico molecular positivo para cinomose, e ausência de sinais de hemólise. Quanto aos resultados obtidos verificou-se que para o GE os valores séricos de NSE mais elevados, com maior variação, e média e mediana superiores ao GS, havendo diferença significativa entre os grupos (p = 0,0053). A NSE pode ser mensurada nas amostras séricas testadas, demonstrando a viabilidade do teste de ELISA utilizando anticorpos humanos. Conclusão: foram detectados valores elevados de NSE em cães com encefalite quando comparados com os cães sem encefalite, e que o teste de ELISA pode ser usado para mensurar a NSE em amostras de soro de cães, e, contribuindo para a validação de NSE sérica como um biomarcador para auxiliar na avaliação de cães com encefalite.
The use of biomarkers in human and veterinary medicine is important to help the clinical management. Regarding to this, the specific neuronal enolase (NSE) is a biomarker resultant of the neuronal cell lysis, which demonstrate stability in extracellular fluids such as blood and cerebrospinal fluid. In human clinical researchs, was observed reliability in serum samples to distinguish and estimate the central nervous system damage in cases of encephalitis. In veterinary medicine, there are no studies evaluating the expression of NSE in serum samples from dogs with encephalitis. Thus, the objectives of this study was to compare the values of serum NSE in healty dogs and dogs with encephalitis and to evaluate theefficacy of the ELISA test using human antibodies in the detection of biomarker. For this, we used 38 dogs in total, divided into two groups, 19 dogs with encephalitis (GE) and 19 dogs without encephalitis (GS). The criteria for inclusion in to the GS were aged 1 to 7 years, with normal clinical and laboratory tests. For the GE inclusion, criteria were dogs with neurological signs brain injury, positive molecular diagnosis for distemper, and no signs of hemolysis. Regarding the results obtained it was found that for the GE serum NSE values higher with greater variation, and higher mean and median GS, there was a significant difference between the groups (p = 0.0053). In the serum samples tested, the NSE was effectivelly measured, demonstrating the feasibility of ELISA ?using human antibodies. Conclusions: in dogs with encephalitis the NSE values werer higher when compared to dogs without encephalitis, presenting a significant difference between the groups and contributing to the validation of serum NSE as a biomarker; the ELISA test can be used to measure the NSE in serum samples of dogs.

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40

Neri, Pierre. "Use of GNSS signals and their augmentations for Civil Aviation navigation during Approaches with Vertical Guidance and Precision Approaches". Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011INPT0073/document.

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La navigation par satellite, Global Navigation Satellite System, a été reconnue comme une solution prometteuse afin de fournir des services de navigation aux utilisateurs de l'Aviation Civile. Ces dernières années, le GNSS est devenu l'un des moyens de navigation de référence, son principal avantage étant sa couverture mondiale. Cette tendance globale est visible à bord des avions civils puisqu'une majorité d'entre eux est désormais équipée de récepteurs GNSS. Cependant, les exigences de l'Aviation Civile sont suffisamment rigoureuses et contraignantes en termes de précision de continuité, de disponibilité et d'intégrité pour que les récepteurs GPS seuls ne puissent être utilisés comme unique moyen de navigation. Cette réalité a mené à la définition de plusieurs architectures visant à augmenter les constellations GNSS. Nous pouvons distinguer les SBAS (Satellite Based Augmentation Systems), les GBAS (Ground Based Augmentation Systems), et les ABAS (Aircraft Based Augmentation Systems). Cette thèse étudie le comportement de l'erreur de position en sortie d'architectures de récepteur qui ont été identifiées comme étant très prometteuses pour les applications liées à l'Aviation Civile
Since many years, civil aviation has identified GNSS as an attractive mean to provide navigation services for every phase of flight due to its wide coverage area. However, to do so, GNSS has to meet relevant requirements in terms of accuracy, integrity, availability and continuity. To achieve this performance, augmentation systems have been developed to correct the GNSS signals and to monitor the quality of the received Signal-In-Space (SIS). We can distinguish GBAS (Ground Based Augmentation Systems), ABAS (Airborne Based Augmentation Systems) SBAS (Satellite Based Augmentation Systems). In this context, the aim of this study is to characterize and evaluate the GNSS position error of various positioning solutions which may fulfil applicable civil aviation requirements for GNSS approaches. In particular, this study focuses on two particular solutions which are: • Combined GPS/GALILEO receivers augmented by RAIM where RAIM is a type of ABAS augmentation. This solution is a candidate to provide a mean to conduct approaches with vertical guidance (APV I, APV II and LPV 200). • GPS L1 C/A receivers augmented by GBAS. This solution should allow to conduct precision approaches down to CAT II/III, thus providing an alternative to classical radio navigation solutions such as ILS. This study deals with the characterization of the statistics of the position error at the output of these GNSS receivers. It is organised as following. First a review of civil aviation requirements is presented. Then, the different GNSS signals structure and the associated signal processing selected are described. We only considered GPS and GALILEO constellations and concentrated on signals suitable for civil aviation receivers. The next section details the GNSS measurement models used to model the measurements made by civil aviation receivers using the previous GNSS signals. The following chapter presents the GPS/GALILEO and RAIM combination model developed as well as our conclusions on the statistics of the resulting position error. The last part depicts the GBAS NSE (Navigation System Error) model proposed in this report as well as the rationales for this model

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41

Yildirim, Gokce. "Smoke Simulation On Programmable Graphics Hardware". Master's thesis, METU, 2005. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12606545/index.pdf.

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Fluids such as smoke, water and fire are simulated for both Computer Graphics applications and engineering fields such as Mechanical Engineering. Generally, Fluid Dynamics is used for the achievement of realistic-looking fluid simulations. However, the complexity of these calculations makes it difficult to achieve high performance. With the advances in graphics hardware, it has been possible to provide programmability both at the vertex and the fragment level, which allows for faster simulations of complex fluids and other events. In this thesis, one gaseous fluid, smoke is simulated in three dimensions by solving Navier-Stokes Equations (NSEs) using a semi-Lagrangian unconditionally stable method. Simulation is performed both on Central Processing Unit (CPU) and Graphics Processing Unit (GPU). For the programmability at the vertex and the fragment level, C for Graphics (Cg), a platform-independent and architecture neutralshading language, is used. Owing to the advantage of programmability and parallelism of GPU, smoke simulation on graphics hardware runs significantly faster than the corresponding CPU implementation. The test results prove the higher performance of GPU over CPU for running three dimensional fluid simulations.

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Pozo, Romero Jaime Augusto del. "Plan de Negocios: Livian: “Yogurt Probiótico Natural con Frutas para el NSE “B” de Lima Metropolitana"". Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2010. http://www.repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/102278.

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Wiener, Carolina David. "Níveis séricos de ácido úrico e as atividades a superóxido dismutase e da catalase nos transtornos de humor". Universidade Catolica de Pelotas, 2013. http://tede.ucpel.edu.br:8080/jspui/handle/tede/517.

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Submitted by Cristiane Chim (cristiane.chim@ucpel.edu.br) on 2016-10-18T17:20:14Z No. of bitstreams: 1 carolina - Copia.pdf: 1129007 bytes, checksum: deaef0e96e4837a47c36de1f6dc1e109 (MD5)
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Objectives: The aim of this study was evaluate uric acid level in a population–based sample of young adults (18 to 24 years old). People with bipolar and depression disorder were compared with healthy psychiatric subjects without a history of mood episodes. Methods: Case-control study nested in a population-based sample. The diagnosis was confirmed with the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV. The uric acid was assessed by commercial kits Results: The sample consisted of 216 subjects, 49 with diagnosis for bipolar disorder, 76 with depression and 91 population control. The uric acid levels were similar (control = 4.08 ± 1.27 mg/dL, depression = 3.78 ± 1.00 mg/dL e bipolar disorder =3.86 ± 1.33 mg/dL, p= 0,251). For maniac/hippomaniac and depressive episodes, were observed a tendency to increase in acid uric levels in maniac/hippomaniac episodes (4.43 ± 1.74 mg/dL) and a decrease in depressive episodes (3.70 ± 0.99 mg/dL) when compared to control subjects (4.08 ± 1.27 mg/dL)(p= 0.106). Conclusion: Uric acid levels is not correlated with diagnosis group, but the uric acid level have a tendency to presented increased in manic and/ or mixed episodes and decreased in depression episode, these result observed that levels of uric acid in mood disorders are altered according to the manifestation of symptoms.
Objetivo: O objetivo deste estudo é avaliar o nível de acido úrico em pacientes com transtornos de humor oriundo de uma amostra de base populacional com jovens adultos (18 a 24 anos), para este fim jovens com transtorno de humor bipolar e depressão foram comparados com jovens sem histórico de transtorno de humor. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo de caso-controle aninhado a um estudo de base populacional, o diagnostico foi realizado através da Entrevista Clínica Estruturada para o DSM-IV (SCID) e os níveis de acido úrico séricos foram dosados utilizando-se kits comerciais. Resultados: A amostra foi constituída de 216 jovens, 49 com diagnostico de transtorno bipolar, 76 com depressão e 91 controles sem historia psiquiátrica prévia, os níveis de acido úrico entre os três grupos foram similares (controle = 4.08 ± 1.27 mg/dL, depressão = 3.78 ± 1.00 mg/dL e transtorno bipolar =3.86 ± 1.33 mg/dL, p= 0,251). Quando avaliados os níveis de ácido úrico entre os episódios mania/hipomania e depressivo, observa-se uma tendência no aumento do ácido úrico no episódio maníaco/misto (4,43 ± 1,74 mg/dL) e uma diminuição no episódio depressivo (3,70 ± 0,99 mg/dL) quando comparados aos jovens do grupo controle (4,08 ± 1,27 mg/dL)(p= 0,106). Conclusão: Os níveis de ácido úrico não foram significativos entre os grupos diagnósticos, porém os níveis de acido úrico apresentaram uma tendência para o aumento nos episódios maníacos e/ou mistos e uma diminuição no episódio depressivo, com estes resultados podemos observar que os níveis de acido úrico nos transtornos de humor podem estar alterados de acordo com a manifestação dos sintomas

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44

Torres, Andre L. "An inexpensive, plant-derived, dual vaccine for rotavirus and cholera". Honors in the Major Thesis, University of Central Florida, 2009. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETH/id/1333.

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This item is only available in print in the UCF Libraries. If this is your Honors Thesis, you can help us make it available online for use by researchers around the world by following the instructions on the distribution consent form at http://library.ucf.edu/Systems/DigitalInitiatives/DigitalCollections/InternetDistributionConsentAgreementForm.pdf You may also contact the project coordinator, Kerri Bottorff, at kerri.bottorff@ucf.edu for more information.
Bachelors
Medicine
Biotechnology

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45

Outwin, Emily Anthea. "Investigation of SUMO phosphorylation and characterisation of the SUMO ligase NSE2, a member of the SMC5-6 complex, in fission yeast". Thesis, University of Sussex, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.418452.

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Meyer, Oliver Frank Peter. "Diagnostischer Wert der Serummarker S-100[beta] [S100Beta] und NSE für ein postoperatives kognitives Defizit nach Allgemeinnarkosen". [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2005. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=975023357.

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Krohn, Michael [Verfasser], Christoph [Gutachter] Müller i Michael [Gutachter] Bernhard. "Immunhistochemische Untersuchungen mittels S100 und NSE nach Schädel-Hirn-Trauma / Michael Krohn ; Gutachter: Christoph Müller, Michael Bernhard". Leipzig : Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1239740263/34.

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Coral, Chávez Evelyn Desiree. "Conducta de base segura y sensibilidad materna en diadas de NSE bajo, y la satisfacción con la pareja". Bachelor's thesis, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2016. http://tesis.pucp.edu.pe/repositorio/handle/123456789/7083.

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El presente estudio tiene como objetivo explorar y describir la relación entre la sensibilidad materna y la conducta de base segura del niño, y la satisfacción con la pareja en un grupo de madres y niños de nivel socioeconómico bajo de un distrito de Lima Metropolitana. Para este propósito se evaluó a 27 madres con edades entre 21 y 38 años (M = 26.63, DE = 4.42) y sus respectivos hijos con edades entre los 36 y 59 meses (M = 43.37, DE = 6.72), utilizando para la sensibilidad materna el Maternal Behavior for Preschoolers Q-set (MBPQS) (Posada, Kaloustian, Jacobs, Richmond y Moreno, 1998), para la conducta de base segura se empleó el Attachment Q-set (AQS) (Waters, 1995) y por último, para medir la satisfacción con la pareja se utilizó la escala Relationship Assessment Scale (RAS) (Hendrick, 1988). Se encontraron diferencias significativas entre las conductas observadas y el criterio teórico tanto para la conducta de base segura como para la sensibilidad materna, siendo éstas bastante bajas en comparación al promedio ideal. De igual forma, se halló una relación significativa y positiva entre ambos constructos. La dimensión Búsqueda de proximidad hacia la madre del AQS se relacionó de manera positiva con Contribución a interacciones armoniosas, Apoyo a la base segura y Supervisión del MBPQS. Además, la escala Calidez en las interacciones con la madre se relacionó de manera directa con las dimensiones Contribución a las interacciones armoniosas y Establecimiento de límites del MBPQS. Por otro lado, se empleó el análisis de correlación parcial entre la conducta de base segura y sensibilidad materna, controlando el efecto de la satisfacción con la pareja y se halló una correlación positiva y significativa.
The current study aims to explore and describe the relationship between maternal sensitivity and child's secure base behavior and the relationship satisfaction in a group of mothers and children of a low socioeconomic status of a district of Lima Metropolitana. For this purpose, 27 mothers were evaluated aged between 21 and 38 years (M = 26.63, DE = 4.42) and their children, aged between 36 and 59 months (M = 43.37, DE = 6.72), using the Maternal Behavior for Preschoolers Q-set (MBPQS; Posada, Kaloustian, Jacobs, Richmond y Moreno, 1998) for maternal sensitivity, the Attachment Q-set (AQS) (Waters, 1995) for secure base behavior, and, the Relationship Assessment Scale (RAS; Hendrick, 1988) for relationship satisfaction. Significant differences were found between the behavior of the mothers and the theoretical criterion for the secure base behavior and for the maternal sensitivity, both variables being very low in contrast with the ideal mean. Also, a positive and significant relationship was found between both constructs. The Proximity-seeking to mother dimension of the AQS was related in a positive way with Contribution to Harmonious Interactions, Safe Base Support and Supervision of the MBPQS. Additionally, the scale Smooth interactions with mother was related in a direct way with Contribution to Harmonious Interactions and Setting limits scales of the MBPQS. On the other hand, the partial correlation analysis was used between secure base behavior and maternal sensitivity, controlling the relationship satisfaction effects and there was a positive and significant relation.
Tesis

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49

Vallejo, Santa María Helí Jesús. "Diseño de un servicio de Internet para el hogar adecuado al segmento del mercado de NSE C/D". Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/273436.

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Álvarez, Elías Ana Fabiola, Sandoval Maritza Benites, Gonzales Luis Enrique Flores i Farfán Eugenia Mercedes Mont. "Plan de negocios de una empresa comercializadora de granos andinos para el segmento NSE C de Lima Metropolitana". Master's thesis, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/656742.

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El presente plan de negocios busca evaluar la factibilidad para la creación de una empresa comercializadora de granos andinos convencionales, principalmente quinua, kiwicha, tarwi y cañihua, los cuales ingresarán al mercado con la marca “Grandino”, para lo cual se realizó el análisis del macro y microentorno para evaluar las condiciones, la oportunidad del negocio y la atractividad del sector. Para comprender mejor al consumidor, se ha realizado un sondeo, el cual permitió concluir que hay disposición e interés en el consumo de granos andinos; y facilitó definir diversos aspectos relacionados al modelo de negocio. Como ventaja competitiva Grandino ofrecerá productos que atienden las necesidades actuales de alimentación, con los atributos de ser nutritivos y al mejor precio. Para el lanzamiento las acciones se enfocarán en generar conocimiento y confianza en nuestra marca y productos, y que nuestro público objetivo compruebe el factor calidad/precio de nuestra oferta. La gestión de Grandino busca ser ágil y moderna, por lo que los procesos de acondicionamiento, transporte y distribución estarán tercerizados focalizándonos en los objetivos comerciales para el posicionamiento de la marca en el mercado de Lima Metropolitana. En general, y tras evaluar la demanda y la viabilidad operativa, comercial, económica y financiera, se trata de una oportunidad de negocio con los niveles de rentabilidad adecuados, que atiende un mercado en expansión sobre el cual esta iniciativa puede iniciar su actividad.
This business plan seeks to evaluate the feasibility for the creation of a commercial company for conventional Andean grains, mainly quinoa, kiwicha, tarwi and cañihua, which will enter the market with the brand “Grandino”. So, the analysis of the macro and microenvironment was carried out to evaluate the conditions, the business opportunity and the attractive of the market. To better understand the consumer, a survey has been carried out, which allowed to conclude that there is willingness and interest in the consumption of Andean grains; and it facilitated the definition of various aspects related to the business model. As a competitive advantage, Grandino will offer products that meet current food needs, with the attributes of being nutritious and at the best price. For the launch, the actions will focus on generating knowledge and trust in our brand and products, and that our target audience verifies the quality / price factor of our offer. Grandino’s management seeks to be agile and modern, so the conditioning of the products, the transportation and the distribution will be outsourced, focusing on the commercial objectives for the positioning of the brand in the market of Lima City. In general, and after evaluating the demand and the operational, commercial, economic, and financial viability, it is a business opportunity with adequate profitability levels, which serves an expanding market, on which this initiative can start its activity.
Trabajo de investigación

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