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Kashihara, Yugo, i Jun-ichi Itoh. "Parametric Design of Five-Level Active NPC Inverter". IEEJ Transactions on Industry Applications 131, nr 12 (2011): 1383–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1541/ieejias.131.1383.
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Balamurugan, M., G. B. Arjun Kumar, Sujit Kumar i G. Sridhar. "Design of 3-Level T-type NPC Inverter for EV Applications". IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1295, nr 1 (1.12.2023): 012002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1295/1/012002.
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Abstract In recent years, there has been a significant demand for lightweight converters that provide exceptional control performance while generating minimal acoustic noise. This has resulted in higher switching signals for hard- switched 2-level low voltage 3-phase inverters. However, the increased switching frequencies have a negative impact on the inverters’ efficiency, requiring the use of expensive switch technology to maintain high efficiency. This paper aims to tackle these challenges by introducing the design and implementation of a extremely effective 3-Level T-Type Neutral Point Clamped (NPC) inverter designed for Electric Vehicle (EV) applications. 3-Level T-Type NPC inverter associates the strengths of both NPC and T-Type inverters. Similar towards the NPC, it offers a lower breakdown voltage for the switching devices, thereby reducing switching losses. Additionally, it shares the characteristics of the T-Type inverter, resulting in fewer conduction losses. To validate the feasibility of the converter, simulation is performed using MATLAB software, followed by the development and testing of a lab-scale prototype. The proposed three-level T-type NPC inverter have several merits over traditional 2-level inverters, including reduced distortion, switching losses, and improved efficiency. These benefits contribute to enhanced motor drive performance, reduced electromagnetic interference (EMI), and extended battery life in EVs.
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Abu Bakar, Afnan Rusyaidi, Mailah Nashiren Farzilah i Abu Bakar Ibrahim. "Design and Development of Multilevel Inverter for Convert Direct Current to Alternating Current Using MATLAB Simulation". International Journal of Recent Technology and Applied Science 4, nr 1 (30.03.2022): 24–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.36079/lamintang.ijortas-0401.329.
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This paper presented the design and development of a multilevel inverter (MLI). The demand for better electronic devices increases rapidly. The multilevel inverter (MLI) which convert direct current (DC) to alternating current (AC) are widely used in the industry. The objective of this research is to design and simulate the 3-level and 3-level NPC MLI module using PLECS software. To develop the switching technique for each level of NPC MLI, and To analyse and validate the MLI in terms of harmonic. Although there is already an inverter in the market, the researcher still pursues to improve the efficiency, total harmonic distortion (THD), and reduce the size of the MLI. An THD can be improved using the suitable modulation technique and the size of the MLI can be reduced by designing better topologies. The modular NPC is using the three-level NPC as the main module and the number of levels can be increased by adding 2 level NPC modules to the main module. The switching technique was created to control the NPC MLI for each level.
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Abusalah, Mai Abdel Haleem, Siti Asma Binti Hassan, Norhafiza Mat Lazim, Baharudin Abdullah, Wan Fatihah Binti Wan Sohaimi, Azlan Husin, Kueh Yee Cheng i Chan Yean Yean. "Design of InnoPrimers-Duplex Real-Time PCR for Detection and Treatment Response Prediction of EBV-Associated Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Circulating Genetic Biomarker". Diagnostics 11, nr 10 (25.09.2021): 1761. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics11101761.
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Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is an epithelial tumor with high prevalence in southern China and Southeast Asia. NPC is well associated with the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) latent membrane protein 1 (LMP1) 30 bp deletion by having its vital role in increased tumorigenicity and decreased immune recognition of EBV-related tumors. This study developed an InnoPrimers-duplex qPCR for detection of NPC blood circulating LMP1 30 bp deletion genetic biomarker for early diagnosis and treatment response prediction of NPC patients. The analytical and diagnostic evaluation and treatment response prediction were conducted using NPC patients’ whole blood (WB) and tissue samples and non-NPC cancer patients and healthy individuals’ WB samples. The assay was able to detect as low as 20 ag DNA per reaction (equivalent to 173 copies) with high specificity against broad reference microorganisms and archive NPC biopsy tissue and FNA samples. The diagnostic sensitivity and specificity were 83.3% and 100%, respectively. The 30 bp deletion genetic biomarker was found to be a good prognostic biomarker associated with overall clinical outcome of NPC WHO type III patients. This sensitive and specific assay can help clinicians in early diagnosis and treatment response prediction of NPC patients, which will enhance treatment outcome and lead to better life-saving.
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Wei, Jinrui, Yuehui Liang i Lichuan Wu. "Design, Synthesis, Molecular Docking, and Tumor Resistance Reversal Activity Evaluation of Matrine Derivative with Thiophene Structure". Molecules 26, nr 2 (14.01.2021): 417. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26020417.
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Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) frequently occurs in Southern China. The main treatments of NPC are chemotherapy and radiotherapy. However, chemo-resistance arises as a big obstacle in treating NPC. Therefore, there is a great need to develop new compounds that could reverse tumor drug resistance. In this study, eight matrine derivatives containing thiophene group were designed and synthesized. Structures of these 8 compounds were characterized by 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, and high-resolution mass spectrometer (HRMS). The cytotoxicity and preliminary synergistic effects of these 8 compounds were detected against nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) cells and cisplatin-resistant NPC cells (CNE2/CDDP), respectively. Furthermore, the in vivo and in vitro tumor resistance reversal effects of compound 3f were evaluated. Moreover, docking studies were performed in Bclw (2Y6W). The results displayed that compound 3f showed synergistic inhibitory effects with cisplatin against CNE2/CDDP cells proliferation via apoptosis induction. Docking results revealed that compound 3f may exert its effects via inhibiting anti-apoptosis protein Bcl-w.
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Hwang, Chung-Feng, Chih-Yen Chien, Hsin-Ching Lin, Jyh-Ping Peng, Hsueh-Wen Chang i Chih-Ying Su. "Laser myringotomy for otitis media with effusion in nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients". Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery 132, nr 6 (czerwiec 2005): 924–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.otohns.2005.01.042.
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OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effectiveness of laser myringotomy in otitis media with effusion (OME) in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING: Laser myringotomy was performed with a CO2 laser otoscope in 53 NPC patients (68 ears) and 32 non-NPC patients (37 ears). All patients had a history of OME. RESULTS: In the NPC group, 40% of ears developed persistent perforation, 37% had recurrent OME, and 23% were free of disease. In the non-NPC group, only 3% of ears developed persistent perforation, and 43% were free of disease. Significant differences in perforation and disease-free state were evident between the 2 groups. Tumor stage was found to be a significant determining factor for clinical outcome in NPC group. CONCLUSION: Laser myringotomy for NPC group carries a significantly higher risk of persistent perforation and lower rate of cure. This procedure may be considered for early staging NPC patients with serious OME symptoms.
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Lao, Thuan Duc, Toan Ngoc Nguyen i Thuy Ai Huyen Le. "Promoter Hypermethylation of Tumor Suppressor Genes Located on Short Arm of the Chromosome 3 as Potential Biomarker for the Diagnosis of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma". Diagnostics 11, nr 8 (3.08.2021): 1404. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics11081404.
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DNA methylation, the most common epigenetic alteration, has been proven to play important roles in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Numerous tumor suppressor genes located on the chromosome 3p, particularly in the region of 3p21, are frequently methylated in NPC, thus suggesting great potential for diagnosis of NPC. In this review, we summarize recent findings of tumor suppressor genes on chromosome 3 that likely drive nasopharyngeal tumor development and progression, based on previous studies related to the hypermethylation of these target genes. Better understanding will allow us to design further experiments to establish a potential test for diagnosis of NPC, as well as bring about methylated therapies to improve the treatment of NPC.
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Hamanako, Gugah Alwan, i Adi Sucipto. "Implementation of Collision Avoidance System Algorithm in NPC Game 3D". Journal of Information Technology and Its Utilization 6, nr 1 (19.07.2023): 39–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.56873/jitu.6.1.4988.
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Nowadays, with the rapid development of technology, we are given the convenience of finding entertainment such as games. Now this game can be quickly run on various media, one of them is a smartphone. Most smartphones' operating systems (OS) are Android and IOS. Among the both of OS which is currently popular is Android. This research aims to create an Artificial Intelligent of Non-Player Character (NPC) that can avoid every obstacle using the Collision Avoidance System algorithm. The result of the research is an android game app that applies the Collision Avoidance System that can make AI NPC avoid obstacles. The application of the algorithm to the NPC is made in 3 stages, namely, design by making a flowchart of the algorithm, then writing a program from the Collision Avoidance System, and finally, testing the AI NPC. The test is carried out by comparing the reactions of NPC 1 and NPC 2 in passing through obstacles when on different paths by being carried out jointly between NPC. Based on the tests on AI NPC, NPC managed to avoid obstacles in front of them and the players, and it is almost 93% successful.
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Farhat, Farhat, Elvita Rahmi Daulay, Jessy Chrestella i Raudah Putri Syari. "The Association of CYP2E1 Polymorphism and Environmental Factor in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Patients". Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences 8, B (25.03.2020): 362–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2020.4639.
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INTRODUCTION: Polymorphism of CYP2E1 induces nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) by activating pro-carcinogens including nitrosamine. Environmental factor such as salted fish, preserved food, tobacco, and alcohol consumption which contains nitrosamine, join with CYP2E1 polymorphism leads to an increase of susceptibility for NPC.
OBJECTIVE: The aims of this study were to identify CYP2E1 polymorphism and the association with other risk factors to NPC in NPC patients.
METHODS: This study was analytic research with the case–control design. The samples were taken based on non-probability consecutive sampling method. The identification of CYP2E1 polymorphism was done by the PCR-RFLP method. The association of its variable to NPC was analyzed with the Chi-square test and between polymorphism of CYP2E1 with other risk factors was analyzed with stratified analysis.
RESULT: We found that there was no significant association of CYP2E1 polymorphism with NPC. However, the joint effect of CYP2E1 polymorphism with smoking was significant in NPC patients. The risk for NPC in the combination of those two was 4.0-fold.
CONCLUSION: The study showed the capability of genetics and environment in the development of NPC. Further study can be done to find evidence of genetics and environmental influence in the prevention and treatment of NPC.
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Ida Ayu Citra Pratiwi i I Gde Ardika Nuaba. "Characteristic of nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients in Sanglah General Hospital Denpasar period 2016-2020". GSC Advanced Research and Reviews 10, nr 3 (30.03.2022): 131–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/gscarr.2022.10.3.0083.
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Introduction: Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is the most common head and neck malignancy in Indonesia and ranks it as the fourth most common among all malignancies in Indonesia. In Indonesia, it is estimated that the incidence of NPC is 6.2 per 100,000 population or 12,000 new cases per year. The initial stage of the NPC is difficult to establish because of location of the hidden nasopharynx. Misdiagnosis often results from a lack of knowledge about the early signs and symptoms of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Objective: To know the characteristic of NPC patients in Sanglah General Hospital Denpasar period 2016-2020. Methods: This study used a descriptive research design with a cross sectional design with 602 sample, by taking secondary data from the medical records of patients with NPC who were treated at the ENT-KL polyclinic of Sanglah General Hospital Denpasar for the period 2016-2020. Results: Distribution NPC patients based on gender, the most in male group compare to the female (68.44%: 31.56%). the largest age group was in the 41-50 years group as many as 204 people or 33.89%. The most clinical stage group of NPC patients is stage IVA as many as 301 people (50%) with the histopathological type group of undifferentiated carcinomas compare to the other type groups (89.87%). Conclusion: This study found that NPC is more commonly found in males with the majority aged 41-50 years, most commonly found at an advanced stage, was stage IV A with the most histopathological type is undifferentiated carcinoma.
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Wu, Huixin, Xin Zhao, Guanghui Han, Haojiang Li, Yuhao Kong i Jiahui Li. "MWSR-YLCA: Improved YOLOv7 Embedded with Attention Mechanism for Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Detection from MR Images". Electronics 12, nr 6 (12.03.2023): 1352. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics12061352.
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Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a malignant tumor, and early diagnosis and timely treatment are important for NPC patients. Accurate and reliable detection of NPC lesions in magnetic resonance (MR) images is very helpful for the disease diagnosis. However, recent deep learning methods need to be improved for NPC detection in MR images. Because NPC tumors are invasive and usually small in size, it is difficult to distinguish NPC tumors from the closely connected surrounding tissues in a huge and complex background. In this paper, we propose an automatic detection method, named MWSR-YLCA, to accurately detect NPC lesions in MR images. Specifically, we design two modules, the multi-window settings resampling (MWSR) module and an improved YOLOv7 embedded with a coordinate attention mechanism (YLCA) module, to detect NPC lesions more accurately. First, the MWSR generates a pseudo-color version of MR images based on a multi-window resampling method, which preserves richer information. Subsequently, the YLCA detects the NPC lesion areas more accurately by constructing a novel network based on an improved YOLOv7 framework embedded with the coordinate attention mechanism. The proposed method was validated on an MR image set of 800 NPC patients and obtained 80.1% mAP detection performance with only 4694 data samples. The experimental results show that the proposed MWSR-YLCA method can perform high-accuracy detection of NPC lesions and has superior performance.
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Hakim, Aliefman, Abdul Wahab Jufri, Jamaluddin Jamaluddin i Muhammad Eka Putra Ramandha. "Natural Product Chemistry (NPC) Laboratory Activity in Indonesia". International Journal of STEM Education for Sustainability 2, nr 1 (31.01.2022): 94–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.53889/ijses.v2i1.53.
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The purpose of this research is to integrate to provide design recommendations for the implementation of good natural product chemistry (NPC) laboratory activity. This study was used systematic review which consists of data presentation, data reduction, and drawing conclusions. The data sources come from several articles. The data are: (1) data on natural product chemistry (NPC) laboratory activity methods, (2) data on the validity of the natural product chemistry (NPC) laboratory activity module, (3) data on the effectiveness of the natural product chemistry (NPC) laboratory activity module method data. Module validity was analyzed using the aiken index. The results of the analysis show that the implementation of the natural materials practicum will be carried out if it meets several requirements, namely (1) practicum design (2) practicum module. The validity results show that the natural materials chemistry practicum module is very feasible and practical to use.
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Abuhammad, Sawsan, Marah Elayyan i Mohanad El-Bashir. "The efficacy of educational interventions on neonatal intensive care unit nurses knowledge and attitude toward neonatal palliative care". Electronic Journal of General Medicine 20, nr 3 (1.05.2023): em464. http://dx.doi.org/10.29333/ejgm/12902.
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<b>Aim:</b> The objective of this study is examining the impact of an educational interventions in improving knowledge and attitudes towards neonatal palliative care (NPC)among nurses in Jordan.<br /> <b>Method: </b>A pre-post-test design was used to examine the efficacy of an educational program nurses’ knowledge and attitude toward NPC. Almost 164 nurses participated in the study, 82 intervention groups and 82 control groups.<br /> <b>Results: </b>The overall NPC mean knowledge score for the control group was 30.60 (SD=4.01) and for the intervention group was 73.85 (SD=5.78). The control group’s mean attitude for the NPC score is 88.94 (SD=14.45), whereas the intervention group’s is 82.13 (SD=10.59). There was also a substantial favorable effect of education program on nurses’ knowledge and attitude regarding NPC. Furthermore, there was no influence of characteristics on nurses’ knowledge and attitude regarding NPC.<br /> <b>Conclusion:</b> Depending on the findings of this study, the NPC educational program is beneficial in improving nurse knowledge and attitudes for NPC services, as well as providing an effective educational program for nurses. With the rising demand for NPC services with chronic critical illnesses and the documented good impact of NPC services on neonates in need and their families, it became imperative to improve the nurse’s knowledge and attitude toward NPC.
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Ojha, Amit. "Design of Control System Using Online Tuning of PI Controllers for Three-Phase Active Front End Neutral Point Clamped Three-Level Converter". Journal Européen des Systèmes Automatisés 53, nr 6 (23.12.2020): 869–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.18280/jesa.530613.
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In conventional DC link AC-AC converter system, uncontrolled front end converter has inherent problem of power quality. To overcome the problem associated with uncontrolled front end converter, multilevel front end converter will be good choice for high power applications. In the paper, unity power factor control system (UPC) for active front end (AFE) neutral point clamped (NPC) 3-level converter is presented. PI controllers are used in UPC and for tuning of PI controllers it is essentially required to know the different time constants with their gains exactly for evaluating the optimized controller parameters for steady operation of the NPC rectifier. In this paper a simplified and accurate method of online tuning of PI controllers in UPC is derived and implemented for three phase AFE NPC 3-level converter. Complete design procedure for the design of control system for AFE NPC 3-level is also presented in this paper. Based on developed model, simulations are carried in MATLAB/SIMULIK environment. Experimentation results confirm the simulation results.
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Awan, Muhammad Mateen Afzal, Muhammad Yaqoob Javed, Aamer Bilal Asghar, Krzysztof Ejsmont i Zia-ur-Rehman. "Economic Integration of Renewable and Conventional Power Sources—A Case Study". Energies 15, nr 6 (15.03.2022): 2141. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15062141.
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In this study, we have presented an optimal microgrid design that ensures the uninterrupted energy supply to Mirpur University of Engineering and Technology (MUST), Azad Jammu and Kashmir AJK, Pakistan at the cheapest price by using reliable energy resources. The availability of energy resources, environmental viability, and economic feasibility are the key parameters of design. The available resources for the MUST site include the National grid, Solar photovoltaic (SPV), Battery bank, and Diesel generator. The data of electrical load, solar illumination, atmospheric temperature at the university, diesel fuel cost, SPV module lifetime, SPV degradation factor, SPV efficiency, SPV cost, battery cost, battery life, national grid energy price, load shedding and toxic emissions have been considered valuables in designing the hybrid micro-grid. The difference in net present cost (NPC) of the optimal design and the worst design is calculated by considering the above parameters. The proposed optimal microgrid design supplies energy to the load using SPV, Diesel generator, and battery bank with NPC of $250,546 and the renewable fraction of 99%. Whereas the worst design includes the Diesel generator and battery bank as energy supplying sources with the NPC of $2.14 M and a renewable fraction of 0%. Simulations performed using HOMER Pro software (HOMER Energy, HOMER Pro-3.11, Boulder, CO, USA) proved that after considering all the data and requirements mentioned above, out of 979 feasible designs, the proposed hybrid microgrid design is best suitable for MUST.
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Siswoko, Tandicha Marchelputra, Hanny Haryanto, Khafiizh Hastuti i Ristia Kadiasti. "Non-Playable Character (NPC) based on Behaviour Tree for Enhanced Immersive Experience in the Serious Game "Warik's Adventure"". Journal of Applied Informatics and Computing 7, nr 2 (6.12.2023): 284–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.30871/jaic.v7i2.6753.
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Video games, or digital games, have transcended their traditional role of mere entertainment and are now being leveraged for more serious purposes, such as education and cultural preservation. Serious games offer the advantage of presenting content in an interactive and enjoyable manner. A crucial element in gameplay for creating interactivity and a pleasurable experience is the non-playable character (NPC). In serious games, replayability is pivotal for optimizing the comprehension of learning content, with the gameplay experience being a key factor influencing replayability. While games are known for their entertaining aspects, immersion design in serious games often falls short, resulting in a subpar experience. The NPC design in this study is grounded in appreciative learning, emphasizing positive outcomes such as possibilities, peak successes, exploration, and future optimism. The reward activity is structured across four levels: Discovery, Dream, Design, and Destiny. Behaviour Tree is employed to govern NPC behavior throughout all four stages. To evaluate the effectiveness of the immersive design, the Game Experience Questionnaire (GEQ) is employed, measuring three primary components—sensory, imaginative, and challenge-based immersion. The GEQ result indicates a score of 3.2, showcasing a slight improvement from the previous version's score of 3.07. This research contributes to the enhancement of serious game design by focusing on NPC behavior and immersive experiences, ultimately fostering more effective and engaging learning environments.
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Herkilini, Arin, Pancrasia Maria Hendrati, Nur Signa Aini Gumilas i Hidayat Sulistyo. "Ekspresi mRNA BRLF1 Virus Epstein-Barr dari Biopsi Jaringan Tumor Formalin-Fixed Paraffin Embedeed sebagai Petanda Biologi Molekul Diagnosis Karsinoma Nasofaring". Biosfera 34, nr 3 (13.10.2017): 138. http://dx.doi.org/10.20884/1.mib.2017.34.3.508.
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Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a malignant tumor that grows in the nasopharynx with a predilection in the fossa Rosenmuller. Epithelial malignancies are often found in populations of China and Southeast Asia, including Indonesia. The NPC incidence in year 2008 as many as 84,400 cases and 51,600 of these cases resulted in death. A total of 120 new cases per year NPC found in hospitals Prof. dr. Margono Soekarjo (RSMS), Purwokerto. The NPC is difficult to be diagnose caused its primary tumor lies closed to the skull base as well as various structures of vital organs. Therefore, methods that can detect early NPC required for inspection.The etiology of NPC is multifactorial consisting of genetic factors, factors of infection Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) and environmental factors.EBV has two phases in the cycle of infection that is the phase of lytic and latent phase. BRLF1 has an important function as mediator transition from latent e NPC. The research aimed to analysis mRNA BRLF1 expression as a biomarker of NPC diagnosis by RT-PCR and to determine the positivity of RT-PCR method to detect the expression of mRNA BRLF1. The research design was cross sectional study. Samples were FFPE tumor biopsy of NPC WHO III and the total samples were 22 individu from Department of Pathology Anatomy, Prof. Dr. Margono SoekarjoHospital, Purwokerto with informed consent. The positivity of mRNA BRLF1 from FFPE tumor biopsy of NPC WHO III was in 63.6%indicating a high expression.
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Shang, Jiong-Li, i Seuc-Ho Ryu. "Research on the Influence of Game NPC Design Elements on Player Satisfaction". Journal of Industrial Convergence 20, nr 8 (31.08.2022): 53–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.22678/jic.2022.20.8.053.
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Asante, Du-Bois, Richard Harry Asmah, Andrew Anthony Adjei, Foster Kyei, David Larbi Simpong, Charles Addoquaye Brown i Richard Kwasi Gyasi. "Detection of Human Papillomavirus Genotypes and Epstein-Barr Virus in Nasopharyngeal Carcinomas at the Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital, Ghana". Scientific World Journal 2017 (2017): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/2721367.
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Nasopharyngeal carcinomas (NPC) are endemic in Far East Asia and commonly harbour Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) which is known to serve as a key oncogenic promoter. Human papillomavirus (HPV) is known to contribute to the pathogenesis of NPC. However, in Ghana these two viruses have not been linked to NPC prevalence. This study was designed to determine the HPV genotypes and EBV involved in NPC tissue biopsies. A retrospective study design involving 72 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue (FFPET) samples of NPC from 2006 to 2012 were retrieved from the Department of Pathology, University of Ghana School of Biomedical and Allied Health Sciences. Sections were taken for histological analysis and for DNA lysate preparation. The DNA lysates were subjected to polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis to determine the presence of HPV genotypes and EBV. HPV specific primers were used to type for fourteen HPV genotypes (HPV-16, 18, 6/11, 31, 33, 35, 44, 42, 43, 45, 56, 52, 58, and 59). Out of the 72 NPC biopsies analyzed by PCR, EBV DNA was present in 18 (25%) cases and HPV DNA in 14 (19.23%). High risk HPV (HR-HPV) genotypes 18 and 31 were associated with the NPC. There were 3 (4.2%) cases of coinfection by both viruses. The EBV DNA present in the undifferentiated variant of the NPC and the histopathology of the NPC in Ghana is similar to the type described in endemic areas.
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Zhang, Xiaoyu, Peng Li, Dexin Xu, Ben Mao i Kunpeng He. "Nonlinear Predictive Control of Mass Moment Aerospace Vehicles Based on Ant Colony Genetic Algorithm Optimization". Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2013 (2013): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/858190.
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Based on the mathematical model of the mass moment aerospace vehicles (MMAV), a coupled nonlinear dynamical system is established by rational simplification. The flight control system of MMAV is designed via utilizing nonlinear predictive control (NPC) approach. Aiming at the parameters of NPC is generally used the trial-and-error method to optimize and design, a novel kind of NPC parameters optimization strategy based on ant colony genetic algorithm (ACGA) is proposed in this paper. The method for setting NPC parameters with ACA in which the routes of ants are optimized by the genetic algorithm (GA) is derived. And then, a detailed realized process of this method is also presented. Furthermore, this optimization algorithm of the NPC parameters is applied to the flight control system of MMAV. The simulation results show that the system not only meets the demands of time-response specifications but also has excellent robustness.
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Guo, Yujing, i Junhuai Zhang. "Modulation Technique Design of An Improved Zero Common Mode Voltage (CMV)". Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2563, nr 1 (1.08.2023): 012020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2563/1/012020.
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Abstract Voltage imbalance of neutral-point and CMV are hot issues in the research of three-level inverters. This paper first introduces the three-level topology of the neutral-point clamped (NPC) inverter. Aiming to eliminate CMV of three-level NPC and balance the voltage of the neutral point simultaneously, a virtual space vector pulse modulation (VSVPWM) strategy is proposed. Virtual voltage vectors of this strategy are composed of 3 medium vectors. The voltage of the neutral point is balanced since the average current of the neutral point is 0. Therefore, the balance index is introduced to redefine virtual voltage vectors, so the voltage of the neutral point can recover quickly when the capacitors’ voltage of the dc-link is imbalanced.
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Oliver, Elisabeth, i Michael Mateas. "Crosston Tavern: Modulating Autonomous Characters Behaviour through Player-NPC Conversation". Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Interactive Digital Entertainment 17, nr 1 (4.10.2021): 179–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aiide.v17i1.18906.
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NPCs (Non-Player Characters) are a staple of video games, filling all kinds of supporting roles. This work seeks to flip that paradigm and place the player in the role of support for the goals of a small collection of NPCs enabling a new kind of AI-driven gameplay. Built on a world simulation where NPCs can take action according to their goals and knowledge of the world state and a conversation space in which the NPC is able to report their actions and exchange information with the player, this prototype AI-based game design explores a new player-NPC interaction in which player conversational actions indirectly influence the NPC simulation. In this paper we discuss the architecture, provide a design postmortem, and report the results of play testing.
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Li, Wei, Guolin Tan, Yanhong Ma, Heqing Li i Guangxiang He. "Inhibition of α Folate Receptor Resulting in a Reversal of Taxol Resistance in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma". Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery 146, nr 2 (31.10.2011): 250–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0194599811426260.
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Objective. To further determine the role of FOLR1 in taxol resistance of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) and whether inhibition of FOLR1 expression reverses the taxol-resistant phenotype. Study Design. Correlation study between gene expression and cancer cell survival. Setting. University hospital. Subjects and Methods. Three taxol-resistant sub–cell lines with a different resistant index were established from the parental CNE-1 NPC cell line. The correlation between FOLR1 expression and taxol sensitivity was statistically analyzed. Inhibition of FOLR1 expression was carried out by RNA interference and by a FOLR1-specific monoclonal antibody, and taxol sensitivity was examined by colony formation assays. FOLR1 expression was also examined in 72 NPC patient specimens by immunohistochemistry. Results. The levels of FOLR1 expression were positively and significantly correlated with a taxol resistance phenotype ( P < .05). Inhibition of FOLR1 expression resulted in a significantly increased sensitivity of taxol to taxol-resistant NPC cells ( P < .05). An increase of FOLR1 expression by gene transfection caused a taxol-resistant phenotype in parental NPC cells. The level of FOLR1 expression was found to be related to clinical stage in NPC tissue samples. Conclusion. These results suggest that FOLR1 plays an important role in taxol resistance of NPC cells.
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Wang, Ying, Shuhua Liang i Qing Yang. "Fabrication and analysis of the mechanical properties of sandwich-type NPC composites by electroless plating NPC". RSC Advances 6, nr 116 (2016): 115175–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6ra24399a.
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Liu, Weisong, Jun Zhang i Weiguo Song. "The Influence of Fixed and Moving NPC on Pedestrians’ Avoidance Behaviors: VR-Based Experiments". Collective Dynamics 6 (19.01.2022): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.17815/cd.2021.122.
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Pedestrians have to take actions when crossing other pedestrians to avoid collisions. In this work, we focus on the differences of avoidance behaviors when a pedestrian crosses a moving and fixed intruder (NPC) in the virtual environment. The avoidance process is divided into three stages using the start avoidance point and maximum lateral deviation point. In moving NPC experiments, the distance from start avoidance point to the potential collision point (CP) first decreases and then increases as the intrusion angle increases. In standing NPC experiments, pedestrians start avoidance closer to the CP (average distance: 3.73m). In moving NPC experiments, the average maximum lateral offset distance (MLD) for the pedestrians to detour decreases with the intrusion angles decreases (Behind MLD ∈[1.09 m, 1.94 m], Front MLD ∈[1.13 m, 1.56 m]). In standing NPC experiments, the average MLD is 1.01m (left: 1.04m, right: 0.98m), which is the closest to the MLD of pedestrians at 180° intrusion angles. What’s more, at 30°, 60°, 90° and 120° intrusion angles, pedestrians avoiding behind the NPC require higher MLD than others avoiding in front of the NPC. Thus, more subjects prefer to avoid in front of the NPC under these conditions (88%, 86%, 78%, 69% of all). But the preference weakens and disappears at 150° and 180° intrusion angles due to the decrease of MLD. In standing NPC experiments, significant left-right preference is not found in pedestrians’ avoidance strategies (right: 46%, left: 54%). This article quantitatively analyses the difference between the influence of fixed and movement NPC on pedestrians’ avoidance strategies. The mechanism of pedestrian’s avoidance behavior is obtained by analyzing characteristic parameters, which is helpful to adjust pedestrian avoidance prediction models and design humanoid robots.
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Deng, Hui-Wen, i Kwok Wah Cheung. "Exploring changes of governance discourse of the National People’s Congress of the People’s Republic of China". Social Transformations in Chinese Societies 15, nr 1 (7.05.2019): 2–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/stics-09-2018-0014.
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Purpose The National People’s Congress (NPC) of People’s Republic of China, the highest organ of state power, is popularly seen as a rubber-stamp entity. However, it has been substantially evolving its roles to accommodate the governance discourses within China’s political system over the decades. This study aims to explore the changes of governance discourse of the NPC within China’s political system through which to offer a thorough understanding of the NPC’s evolving substantial role in current China. Design/methodology/approach This study deploys a historical approach to explore the changes of governance discourse of the NPC that has seen a growing importance in China’s political agenda, as argued by this study. Findings The authors find that the NPC has been substantially evolving its role within China’s political system in which the Chinese Communist Party has created different governance discourses. Besides, the NPC and its Standing Committee have asserted its authority as a substantial actor within China’s political system. The NPC is no longer functioned as a rubber-stamp institution, though it is still popularized as a rubber stamp by many scholars. Research limitations/implications This study is a historical elaboration on the development of NPC under three governance discourses. It might be, to some extent, relatively descriptive in nature. Originality/value This study, therefore, sheds some light on a revisit on the governance discourses in current China.
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Chen, Ji, Shuwen Zhao, Yifan Zhao, Weijie Zhou, Ruijie Dai, Xuan Zhao, Zhengang Chen, Hua Zhang i Anran Chen. "Heterostructured Co2P Nanocomposite Embedded in a N, P Co-Doped Carbon Layer as a High Performance Electrocatalyst for Overall Water Splitting". Catalysts 12, nr 9 (28.08.2022): 957. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal12090957.
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Hydrogen is the mainstream future energy source because of its high energy density and environmentally-friendly properties. In this study, Fe-Co2P/NPC materials were prepared by the wet chemical synthesis method, in which Fe-Co2P nanowires were wrapped by the N, P co-doped carbon layers (NPC) under aging and phosphorylation strategies. When Fe-Co2P/NPC/NF was subjected to hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and the oxygen evolution reaction (OER), the overpotential was only 73 mV and 217 mV to reach the current density of 10 mA cm−2, respectively. When the cathode and anode were both Fe-Co2P/NPC/NF, a current density of 10 mA cm−2 was achieved with only 1.56 V. This work provides a new idea for the design and preparation of non-precious metal-based transition metal phosphide catalysts.
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Wiriasto, Giri Wahyu, Muhammad Fikriansyah i A. Sjamsjiar Rachman. "RANCANG BANGUN PERILAKU BUATAN PADA NON-PLAYER CHARACTER DALAM GAME PEMADAM KEBAKARAN MENGGUNAKAN FINITE STATE MACHINE DAN GODOT SCRIPT". DIELEKTRIKA 10, nr 1 (28.02.2023): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.29303/dielektrika.v10i1.329.
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The application of artificial behavior in the object character of a game that is played using a computer device continues to grow. The implementation of the algorithm in the game makes game object characters that can move autonomously according to changes in scenario roles making the game more attractive to human players. This autonomous computer player behavior is known as a non-player character (NPC). In this research a game has been developed in the category of role-playing game (RPG) which is called the Fire Extinguisher Game. In this game there is an NPC character "fire monster" as an antagonist whose mission is to defeat the human player as the protagonist by burning all the objects in the scene role scenario. In order to make it clear and to make it easier to develop NPC player behavior designs, the Finite State Machine (FSM) method and godot script programming are used. The FSM method describes the behavior design of each NPC character in the form of states, where these will change according to the interactions that occur between players in the scene of the game environment. In its implementation, there are test parameters that are used, so that it can be shown that this game has successfully played. This game runs on a desktop and has tested using the black-box testing method to get a functional performance test. The results of this research are the design of artificial behavioral events on NPCs using the godot script code approach.
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Sawali, Halimuddin, Mohd Razif Mohamad Yunus, Ong Cheng Ai i Primuharsa Putra Sabir Husin Athar. "Cutaneous Metastases from Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma: A Rare Manifestation". Philippine Journal of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery 25, nr 2 (3.12.2010): 32–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.32412/pjohns.v25i2.629.
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Objective: In this article, we report on two unusual cases of advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) with distant cutaneous metastases.
Methods:
Design: Case Report
Setting: Tertiary Referral Center
Patients: Two
Results: Two patients with advanced NPC developed multiple nodular skin metastases, one after completing radiotherapy and another during concurrent chemo-radiotherapy. Biopsies of these skin lesions confirmed metastatic NPC and both patients succumbed to the disease.
Conclusion: Nasopharyngeal carcinoma with skin metastases carries a very poor
prognosis. Early detection, diagnosis and treatment are still the best management strategy
for nasopharyngeal carcinoma.
Keywords: Nasopharynx, nasopharyngeal carcinoma, skin metastases, cutaneous
metastases
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Rahmawati, Dini, Agus Wiyanto i Danang Aji Setyawan. "Manajemen National Paralympic Committee (NPC) dalam pembinaan prestasi atlet penyandang disabilitas". Edu Sportivo: Indonesian Journal of Physical Education 1, nr 2 (5.12.2020): 97–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.25299/es:ijope.2020.vol1(2).5661.
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The achievements made by persons with disabilities through sports are indeed quite interesting to study and observe, the purpose of this study is to analyze disability achievement management and supporting and inhibiting factors in the development of athletes with disabilities in the Kendal district NPC. The research design used is qualitative research, data collection techniques include: (1) observation, (2) interviews, (3) and documentation, with research subjects consisting of: (1) The Head of the Kendal Regency NPC, (2) Athlete Empowerment Section, (3) Sports Section, (4) Paralympic Athletes. The process of screening athletes in collaboration with sports teachers from special schools and teams from the NPC. Supervision is carried out by the National Paralympic Committee (NPC) from monitoring the condition of the athlete, the place where the athlete works and the athlete's family so that they understand that the athlete is performing. The conclusion in this study, NPC can increase organizational strengthening through coordination meetings, facilitate organization and implementation of guidance through grants from the Regional Government. Performance development for athletes with disabilities NPC conducts screening to special schools in order to find potential athletes, as well as to pay more attention to facilities and infrastructure to support performance development so that athletes with disabilities can achieve achievements.
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Yin, Yanling, Jing Ling, Liushun Wang, Weichang Zhou, Yuehua Peng, Yulan Zhou i Dongsheng Tang. "Competition of Photo-Excitation and Photo-Desorption Induced Positive and Negative Photoconductivity Switch in Te Nanowires". Nanomaterials 12, nr 21 (25.10.2022): 3747. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano12213747.
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The photocurrent in tellurium nanowire (Te NW) exhibits a subtle influence by many extrinsic factors. Herein, we fabricate Te NW devices and explore their photoresponse properties in detail. It is observed that the current increases greatly at low environmental relative humidity (RH) under light illumination, demonstrating an evident positive photoconductivity (PPC). However, the photocurrent reduces at high RH, yielding a typical negative photoconductivity (NPC). In addition, when exposed to a proper relative humidity, Te NW devices show PPC immediately and then transfer to NPC gradually under illumination, exhibiting the RH sensitive PPC/NPC switch. It is proposed that the competition between photo-excitation and photo-desorption is responsible for this subtle switch of PPC/NPC. On the one hand, the adsorbed water molecules on the surface of Te nanowires, acting as electron acceptors, lead to an increase of conductance, exhibiting the PPC phenomenon. On the other hand, the photo-desorption of water molecules from the surface results in a decreased carrier concentration in the Te nanowires, yielding the NPC phenomenon. The in-depth understanding of such charge transfer processes between the absorbed water molecules and Te nanowires provides an effective route to modulate the carrier densities and control the PPC/NPC switch, which will accelerate the design and application of novel optoelectronic nanodevices.
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Kim, Y.-J., J.-H. Kim, J.-W. Kim, S.-H. Kim, J. S. Eun i S.-M. Hong. "PSVIII-17 In vitro and in vivo investigations of effects of natural phytogenic compounds on muscle cell gene expressions and growth performance and carcass composition of finishing pigs". Journal of Animal Science 97, Supplement_3 (grudzień 2019): 303–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skz258.612.
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Abstract For lean meat production in swine industry, some synthetic compounds have been applied as feed additives in finishing swine feeds. However, this practice raises public concern due to potential imbalance of innate hormones coupled with a possible residue of the synthetic compounds in meat products after ingestion. In this study, we investigated natural phytogenic compounds (NPC) from fruit peel consisted of mainly ursolic and maslinic acids to enhance muscle development but decrease fat deposition in swine. To test effects on cell line, NPC was treated in the porcine primary cell line obtained from muscle tissue of piglets at approximately 6.5 kg of body weight and NIH-3T3-L1 cell line from mouse adipose tissue cell (Experiment 1). In the porcine primary cell line, immunofluorescence measurement indicated that myogenin expression increased at 20%, while the genes responsible for muscle development increased RNA abundance in MyoD at 20%, Mrf4 at 31%, PAX3 at 19%, and PAX7 at 16% observed in myotube development from myoblast when treated with NPC (P < 0.05). In NIH-3T3L1 cell, NPC treatment increased suppression on lipid accumulation at 40% (P < 0.05). In a follow-up in vivo investigation in a completely randomized design (Experiment 2), the same NPC tested in Experiment 1 at 0.53% dry matter (DM) did not affect intake of DM, whereas it tended to increase average daily gain compared with control without NPC supplementation (1.03 vs. 0.99; P = 0.08), leading to a tendency to increase gain-to-feed ratio (0.338 vs. 0.316; P = 0.12). While NPC supplementation did not influence hot carcass weight, animals treated with NPC decreased backfat thickness compared to those fed control (23.5 vs. 24.8 mm; P < 0.01). In summary, NPC from fruit improved growth performance and carcass trait due to their impacts on muscle cell development and fat deposition.
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Song, Hongbo. "Design and Stability Analysis of Uncertain Networked Predictive Control Systems with Multiple Forward Channels". Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2014 (2014): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/403137.
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This paper is concerned with the design and stability of networked predictive control for uncertain systems with multiple forward channels. The delays and packet dropouts are distributed such that the classic networked predictive control (NPC) needs modifications to be implemented. An improved control signal selection scheme with distributed prediction length is proposed to increase the prediction accuracy and hence achieve better control performance. Moreover, stability analysis results are obtained for both constant and random cases. Interestingly, it is shown that the stability of the closed-loop NPC system is not related to the distributed delays when they are constant and the system model is accurate. Finally, a two-axis milling machine example is given to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
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Ernst, Nathan, Philip Schatz, Alicia M. Trbovich, Kouros Emami, Shawn R. Eagle, Anne Mucha, Michael W. Collins i Anthony P. Kontos. "Utility of 1 Measurement Versus Multiple Measurements of Near Point of Convergence After Concussion". Journal of Athletic Training 55, nr 8 (23.06.2020): 850–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4085/1062-6050-431-19.
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Context Increased near point of convergence (NPC) distance is a common finding after concussion and is associated with physical symptoms and worsened neurocognitive performance. Vestibular/Ocular Motor Screening measures NPC distance across 3 trials and uses the average measurement to inform clinical care. However, whether 3 trials are necessary, are consistent, or add clinical utility is unknown. Objective To investigate the consistency across 3 trials of NPC and establish the classification accuracy (ie, clinical utility) of 1 or 2 trials compared with the standardized average of 3 trials. Design Retrospective cohort study. Setting Sports medicine clinic and research laboratory. Patients or Other Participants Consecutively enrolled patients aged 10 to 22 years with diagnosed concussions (74% sport related; n = 380). Main Outcome Measure(s) The previously reported clinical cutoff value of ≥5 cm across 3 trials was used. Pearson correlation and intraclass correlation coefficients were used to evaluate agreement between trials and average scores. Reliable change indices (RCIs) using 95% confidence intervals were also calculated. Results The Pearson correlation (r = .98) and intraclass correlation (0.98) coefficients revealed excellent agreement between the first measurement and average NPC distance across 3 measurements. The RCI across all trials was 2 cm. When the first NPC measurement was ≤3 cm or ≥7 cm, agreement existed within the RCI between the first measurement and the average of 3 measurements in 99.6% of cases. When we averaged the first and second measurements, 379/380 (99.7%) participants had the same classification (ie, <5 cm = normal, ≥5 cm = abnormal) as the average NPC distance across 3 measurements. Conclusions Our findings suggest limited utility of multiple or average NPC distance measurements when the initial NPC distance is outside of RCI clinical cutoffs (ie, ≤3 cm or ≥7 cm). Given the high consistency between the first measurement and average NPC distance across 3 trials, only 1 measurement of NPC distance is warranted unless the first measurement is between 3 and 7 cm.
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Xu, Bing. "A competitive resource: consumer-perceived new-product creativity". Journal of Product & Brand Management 29, nr 7 (9.03.2020): 999–1010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jpbm-10-2018-2075.
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Purpose This paper aims to examine the influences of consumer-perceived new-product creativity (NPC) on consumers’ purchase intentions (PIs), along with the mediating effects of NPC meaningfulness between NPC novelty and PI, and between NPC communicableness and PI. Design/methodology/approach Data were collected through a self-administrated survey approach in the South West of the USA. Hypotheses were tested by using structural equation modeling and a sample consisted of 463 respondents. Findings The study shows that new-product novelty and communicableness are positively related to consumers’ PIs while new-product meaningfulness mediates these relationships. Research limitations/implications This research advances the existing creativity literature by probing the core component among different creativity constructs. The study also contributes to the consumer-behavior literature, which has rarely examined consumers’ perceived creativity. Practical implications This research offers theoretical foundations and guidelines for entrepreneurs and small firms to develop new products and promotion strategies. Usefulness as a dominant product/service factor should be emphasized in practice. Originality/value A research gap at the interface of new product development and consumer behavior is addressed by investigating the effect of consumer-perceived NPC on consumers’ purchase behaviors.
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Barros, João Dionísio Simões, Luis Rocha i J. Fernando Silva. "Backstepping Control of NPC Multilevel Converter Interfacing AC and DC Microgrids". Energies 16, nr 14 (20.07.2023): 5515. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16145515.
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This work introduces modified backstepping methods to design controllers for neutral point clamped (NPC) converters interfacing a DC/AC microgrid. The modified backstepping controllers are derived from a proper converter model, represented in dq coordinates, and are designed to regulate the DC voltage and to balance the two NPC converter DC capacitor voltages through a DC offset in the sinusoidal pulse width modulation (SPWM) carriers. The averaged and separated dynamics backstepping controllers also enforce nearly sinusoidal AC currents at a given power factor. The two proposed NPC converter controllers are evaluated through MATLAB/Simulink simulations and experimental implementation using a laboratory prototype. Simulations and experimental results show that the two modified backstepping controllers regulate the microgrid DC voltage in steady state and in transient operation, even with load disturbances or DC voltage reference changes, while enforcing nearly AC sinusoidal currents at a given power factor or injected reactive power. The modified backstepping-controlled NPC converter is bidirectional, converting energy from DC renewable energy sources or storage systems to AC or charging storage systems from AC. The results also highlight the effective balancing of the NPC DC capacitor voltages.
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Anugrahani, Ariel, Bogi Soeseno, Yussy Afriani Dewi i Nur Akbar Aroean. "THE COMPARISON OF ELEVATED LEVELS OF EBV IMMUNOGLOBULIN A EARLY ANTIGEN BETWEEN NASOPHARYNGEAL CARCINOMA WHO TYPE 3 WITH MALIGNANT NON-HODGKIN LYMPHOMA". INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NASOPHARYNGEAL CARCINOMA (IJNPC) 1, nr 02 (17.09.2019): 41–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.32734/ijnpc.v1i2.1137.
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Introduction:
Epstein Barr Virus (EBV) replicate in the epithelial cells and becomes latent in lymphocytes B. This virus is also associated with NPC, NHL, infectious mononucleosis and Burkitt’s lymphoma. The expression product of EBV acute infections can interact with genes in the epithelial cells to start the molecular level that leads to malignancy so that an increase in levels of IgA antibodies EA can indicate high levels of EBV infection.
Objective:
Comparing the level of IgA EA antibody for EBV between NPC WHO type III and NHL.
Method:
Observational comparative analytic method with cross-sectional study design. The subject of this study are 16 NPC patients and 16 NHL patients, consists of 9 males and 7 females. Numeric data of IgA EA calculated by Mann Whitney and the categoric data is calculated by Kolmogorov Smirnov. The examination of IgA EA level in EBV using ELISA method, with p-value <0.05.
Result:
This study reveals that there were increasing IgA EA levels in NPC patients (3.71±2.36) compared to NHL (0.27±0.20). There is a difference value of IgA EA in study groups both numerical and categorical.
Conclusion:
The level of IgA EA EBV antibody in NPC is higher than NHL.
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Nurhidayat, Nurhidayat, Akhmad Azlan Khoirurrozikin, Eko Sudarmanto, Bima Febriyanto i Haris Nugroho. "Effect of the Weight Training Period on the Increase in the 100 Meter Run in Indonesian NPC Athletes". Kinestetik : Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Jasmani 6, nr 3 (30.09.2022): 440–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.33369/jk.v6i3.22868.
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The population and samples in this study were all 10 sprint athletes in the Indonesian National Paralympic Committee (NPC) 10 men. The sampling technique uses purposive samples, as it takes into account the characteristics of the sexes. The quasi-experimental method with a quantitative approach, as for the design of this study using pretest-posttest one group design. Data analysis techniques use descriptive statistics and inferential statistics. Descriptive analysis aims to describe the characteristics of this study while inferential analysis uses paired one sample test (t_test) at a significant level of α = 0.05, and overall data analysis uses the SPSS program version 26.0. The results of this study can be concluded that the period of laden training can increase the running speed of 100 meters of Indonesian NPC athletes. However, it is necessary to conduct further research taking into account the training environment, psychological factors of athletes, and other physical condition factors associated with the improvement of the 100-meter run of Indonesian National Paralympic Committee (NPC) athletes.
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Rotich, Leonard Kipyegon, Joseph Ngugi Kamau, Jared Hera Ndeda i Robert Kinyua. "Hybrid Power System Sizing and Design for Commercial Application in Kenya". Advanced Journal of Graduate Research 5, nr 1 (1.10.2018): 33–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.21467/ajgr.5.1.33-42.
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Hybrid power system sizing involves determination of local load and energy resources’ conditions as well as availability of generating system components. Each component of the system is preliminarily sized individually using prevailing load, resource and conversion system’s conditions. The Net Present Cost (NPC), Cost of Energy (COE) may be included in determining the configuration of the most optimal system that can meet all the desired power system’s goals. In order to refine the sizing and design process, a simulation software is used to select and size system components that can serve the load effectively. In this study, a Solar PV, Wind and Grid hybrid power system was systematically sized to meet the demand of a commercial consumer, East African School of Aviation (EASA). HOMER software was used to simulate the operation of the proposed HPS. The most suitable HPS was found to consist of Wind generation of an installed capacity of 200 kW, solar PV of 120 kW and the Grid. This system had an NPC of KSh 77,684,050 and a COE of KSh 8.34/kWh
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Messick, Troy E., Garry R. Smith, Samantha S. Soldan, Mark E. McDonnell, Julianna S. Deakyne, Kimberly A. Malecka, Lois Tolvinski i in. "Structure-based design of small-molecule inhibitors of EBNA1 DNA binding blocks Epstein-Barr virus latent infection and tumor growth". Science Translational Medicine 11, nr 482 (6.03.2019): eaau5612. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/scitranslmed.aau5612.
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Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a DNA tumor virus responsible for 1 to 2% of human cancers including subtypes of Burkitt’s lymphoma, Hodgkin’s lymphoma, gastric carcinoma, and nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Persistent latent infection drives EBV-associated tumorigenesis. Epstein-Barr nuclear antigen 1 (EBNA1) is the only viral protein consistently expressed in all EBV-associated tumors and is therefore an attractive target for therapeutic intervention. It is a multifunctional DNA binding protein critical for viral replication, genome maintenance, viral gene expression, and host cell survival. Using a fragment-based approach and x-ray crystallography, we identify a 2,3-disubstituted benzoic acid series that selectively inhibits the DNA binding activity of EBNA1. We characterize these inhibitors biochemically and in cell-based assays, including chromatin immunoprecipitation and DNA replication assays. In addition, we demonstrate the potency of EBNA1 inhibitors to suppress tumor growth in several EBV-dependent xenograft models, including patient-derived xenografts for NPC. These inhibitors selectively block EBV gene transcription and alter the cellular transforming growth factor–β (TGF-β) signaling pathway in NPC tumor xenografts. These EBNA1-specific inhibitors show favorable pharmacological properties and have the potential to be further developed for the treatment of EBV-associated malignancies.
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Suryono, Agus, Fredi Setia Nugraha, Fakhruddin Akbar i Yunie Armiyati. "Combination of Deep Breathing Relaxation and Murottal Reducing Post Chemotherapy Nausea Intensity in Nasopharyngeal Cancer (NPC) Patients". Media Keperawatan Indonesia 3, nr 1 (29.02.2020): 24. http://dx.doi.org/10.26714/mki.3.1.2020.24-31.
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Nasopharyngeal Cancer (NPC) is the 3rd most common type of cancer in Indonesia after cervical and breast cancer. The method for controlling the growth of cancer cells is chemotherapy which has side effects of nausea. Post-chemotherapy nausea makes the patient uncomfortable and if not treated properly will cause complications. Management of nausea can be done with a combination of deep breathing relaxation and murottal. The objective of the study to analyze the effect of a combination of deep breathing relaxation and murottal on the intensity of nausea in NPC patients after chemotherapy. The research method was a quasi-experiment one group pre-post-test design on 30 samples of post-chemotherapy NPC patients. The results of the study showed that nausea intensity before and after given a combination of deep breathing and murottal obtained p-value 0,000 (p-value <0.05). There is a significant difference between nausea intensity before and after the combination of deep breathing and murottal relaxation. The combination of deep breathing and murottal breathing can reduce the intensity of nausea in NPC patients after chemotherapy.
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Zhong, Xiaohui, Zuqi Zhong, Shujie Liang, Gongchang Zeng, Shuang Cheng, Hong Deng i Zhang Lin. "Towards a broad-operation window for stable CO2 electroreduction to HCOOH by a design involving upcycling electroplating sludge-derived Sn@N/P-doped carbon". Environmental Science: Nano 9, nr 2 (2022): 511–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1en00930c.
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Paulsen, Katelyn, Mohammed Mortazavi, Hector Rierio i Hirsch Handmaker. "CAN NEAR POINT CONVERGENCE IN PEDIATRIC CONCUSSION PATIENTS PREDICT STUDENTS’ SUCCESSFUL RETURN TO LEARNING?" Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine 8, nr 4_suppl3 (1.04.2020): 2325967120S0024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2325967120s00243.
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Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify whether abnormal near point convergence (NPC) could be used as a clinical predictor of a 10-18 year old student’s ability to successfully return to learning (RTL). Methods and Study Design: This was a retrospective chart review of 122 students who initially visited a sports medicine clinic between 11/22/17 to 02/27/19 due to a concussion. A total of 268 visits were analyzed. RTL is graded in color zones, with red = no school, orange = half time or less, yellow = half time or more, green = full time with accommodations, and blue = full clearance. No patients were reported in the red zone in our cohort due to its severity. Patients with learning disabilities or oculomotor deficits were excluded. Results: Of the patients who met the inclusion criteria, we found a statistically significant difference in average NPC between the blue and orange zones (p<0.001) using a pooled proportions test. Average NPC was 7.03cm for blue, 8.84cm for green, 12.67cm for yellow, and 14.40cm for orange representing a positive linear correlation with an R2 of 0.975. Whereas 81% of patients in the blue zone had a normal NPC (<9cm), this was true for only 31% of patients in the orange zone. There was a 43% increase in average NPC from yellow to green zone. Yellow was the most frequent color zone with 56.7% of all visits in this zone. Conclusions: NPC appears to have a strong correlation with academic tolerance and can be predictive of RTL zones. Significance: Currently, little research has been done on clinical predictors of RTL. This data supports the use of oculomotor testing, such as NPC, which can easily be completed at office visits, as predictive tools that may indicate which patients presenting with concussion need increased academic accommodations. [Figure: see text]
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Chan, Charles M. L., S. C. Cesar Wong, Money Y. Y. Lam, Edwin P. Hui, John K. C. Chan, Elena S. F. Lo, W. Cheuk, Manson C. K. Wong, S. W. Tsao i Anthony T. C. Chan. "Proteomic Comparison of Nasopharyngeal Cancer Cell Lines C666-1 and NP69 Identifies Down-Regulation of Annexin II and β2-Tubulin for Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma". Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine 132, nr 4 (1.04.2008): 675–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.5858/2008-132-675-pconcc.
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Abstract Context.—Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), common in southern China and North Africa, has a complex etiology involving interplay between viral, environmental, and hereditary factors and is almost constantly associated with the Epstein-Barr virus. Since the prognosis of locally advanced and metastatic diseases is poor, increased understanding of the pathogenesis of NPC would be important for discovering novel markers for patients' management. Objectives.—To compare the proteomic expression profile between an Epstein-Barr virus–associated NPC cell line (C666-1) and a normal NP cell line (NP69). The proteins with differential expression were analyzed in 40 undifferentiated NPC paraffin-embedded specimens. Design.—Differentially expressed proteins discovered between the two cell lines were identified by mass spectrometry. After confirmation by immunocytochemical staining, their expression in patient samples was measured using 40 pairs of undifferentiated NPCs together with their adjacent normal epithelia. Results.—Proteomic findings indicated that adenosine triphosphate synthase α chain was up-regulated, whereas annexin II, annexin V, β2-tubulin, and profilin 1 were down-regulated. After confirming the results in agar-processed cell lines, annexin II and β2-tubulin expression were found to be lower in tumor cells than in adjacent normal epithelial cells in 100% and 90% of the patients' specimens, respectively. Finally, annexin II down-regulation was positively associated with lymph node metastasis, suggesting that it may be a prognostic factor in NPC. Conclusions.—The results suggest that annexin II and β2-tubulin down-regulation is important in NPC formation and may represent potential targets for further investigations.
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Habibasari, Mila, Abdul Kadir, Nani Iriani Djufri, Upik A. Miskad i Abdul Qadar Punagi. "Expression of PD-L1 as Prognostic Sign Factor in Carcinoma Nasopharyngeal Patient". NeuroQuantology 20, nr 5 (11.05.2022): 396–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.14704/nq.2022.20.5.nq22187.
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It is well known that elevated levels of PD-1/PD-L1 are associated with poor prognosis in several tumor types, such as PD-1 in breast cancer and soft tissue sarcomas, and PD-L1 in melanoma and renal carcinoma. This study aims to measure PD-L1 levels in NPC patients at various stages and determine the prognosis of the disease. The method used was analytic observational research with a cross sectional research design. The total sample was 25 patients with NPC aged >18 years using consecutive sampling technique. Patients who have been diagnosed with NPC are then staged and examined for PD-L1 levels using immunohistochemical examination techniques. Test the analysis using Chi Square. The results showed that based on the comparison of PD-L1 based on cancer stage in NPC patients in this study, there were 42.9% PD-L1 at an early stage with negative values, 57.1% low, and 0% high. As for the advanced stage, there are 0% PD-L1 with negative values, 44.4% low, and 55.6% high, the Kruskall-Wallis test was carried out with p value = 0.002 (p<0.05), this indicates that the difference is significant. PD-L1 has sufficient sensitivity, specificity and accuracy in predicting advanced stage patients in NPC patients, it is useful in the prognosis of NPC. So it can be concluded that PD-L1 levels increase in advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma so that it is suspected that there is a relationship with disease prognosis. So, the higher the PD-L1, the worse the prognosis for nasopharyngeal carcinoma.
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Nugroho, Puguh Setyo, Muhtarum Yusuf i Titiek Ahadiyah Hidayati. "Correlation between Cell Proliferation with Cervical Lymphoid Node Status in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Patients". Folia Medica Indonesiana 57, nr 1 (14.04.2021): 20. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/fmi.v57i1.8765.
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Several studies showed that the index of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) cell growth could be used to assess the carcinogenesis interaction factor, development and prognosis of NPC. Cell proliferation index could always be assessed with Ki-67 protein expression test. This research was conducted to study the correlation between cell proliferation index with cervical lymphoid node status in NPC in clinical manifestation to asses the progressivity and prognosis on NPC patients. This study used cross sectional design. Biopsy tissue specimen were acquired from 35 NPC patients clinically divided into four criteria of cervical lymphoid node status (N0, N1, N2 and N3). Expression of Ki-67 protein was acquired by immunohistochemistry test using monoclonal rabbit antibody anti-human Ki-67 clone 901-325-091911 (Biocare Medical, LCC. 4040 Pike Line, CA 94520 USA). The measurement of Ki-67 protein was conducted by pathology consultant. Spearman statistic test was performed to asses the correlation between Ki-67 protein expression and cervical lymphoid node status. The statistical significance was defined as p<0.05. Positive expression of Ki-67 protein was found in 33 patients; 4 patients with N0 (11.43%), 5 patients with N1 (14.29%), 9 patients with N2 (25.71%), and 15 patients with N3. Negative expression of Ki-67 protein was found in 2 patients with N0 (5.71%). The Spearman test resulted at p=0.0001 with correlation coefficient of 0.758. The correlation between Ki-67 protein expression with cervical lymphoid node resulted in a significant correlation (p<0.05). In conclusion, cell proliferation index has correlation with cervical lymphoid node status in NPC patients.
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Chrestella, Jessy, Farhat Farhat, Elvita Rahmi Daulay, Sheba Tarigan i Raudah Putri Syari. "Latent Membrane Protein-1 Protein Induction toward Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Expression in the Development of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma". Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences 8, B (26.03.2020): 368–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2020.4640.
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BACKGROUND: Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is associated with Epstein–Barr virus infection as the main factor. Latent membrane protein (LMP)-1 protein and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) have been suggested as the prognostic biomarker for NPC.
AIM: This study is conducted to analyze the overexpression of LMP-1 protein and VEGF and the combination of these two in NPC patients. The role of LMP-1 protein in the induction of VEGF is identified by analyzing the association between these two proteins.
METHODS: A cross-sectional design study is conducted at Adam Malik General Hospital. Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded sections from the NPC tissue samples are submitted for immunohistochemistry staining. Fisher’s exact test is used to analyze variables relation.
RESULTS: Among 56 samples, there was a significant correlation between LMP-1 protein overexpression with histopathological type and clinical staging, and VEGF overexpression with lymph node enlargement and clinical staging (p < 0.05). There was no significant correlation between LMP-1 protein with VEGF in NPC patients (p > 0.05).
CONCLUSION: Increased expressions of LMP-1 protein, VEGF, and a combination of LMP-1 protein and VEGF are noted in correlation with increasing the clinical stages. In contrast to the previously suggested hypotheses, the correlation between these two proteins is not significant in the present study. It could happen due to the different associations of each protein overexpression toward the clinical parameter. However, these two proteins could be used in evaluating the prognosis and providing a targeted therapy to NPC.
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Heriani, Ni Komang, Putu Erika Paskarani i Ni Wayan Winarti. "CLINICOPATHOLOGICALCHARACTERISTICS OF NASOPHARYNGEALCARCINOMA AT CENTRAL GENERAL HOSPITAL PROF. DR. I.G.N.G. NGOERAH DENPASAR IN 2021-2022". E-Jurnal Medika Udayana 13, nr 2 (13.02.2024): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/mu.2024.v13.i02.p08.
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ABSTRACT
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) epidemiologically occupies the fourth position as the highest number of malignancy cases in Bali, Indonesia. The most common histological type of NPC cases are non-keratinizing squamous cell carcinoma (NKSCC) undifferentiated subtype. This research aims to know the clinicopathological aspect of nasopharyngeal carcinoma at Central General Hospital Prof. Dr. I.G.N.G Ngoerah Denpasar in 2021-2022 regarding the distribution of age range, gender, education, occupation, clinical stage, histological type, as well as the results of anamnesis. The research design is a descriptive study of 70 cases of NPC at Central General Hospital Prof. Dr. I.G.N.G Ngoerah Denpasar from 2021 to 2022. Samples were collected retrospectively from secondary data using a total sampling technique through a cross-sectional study, samples were obtained from medical record data and hospital management system of Central General Hospital Prof. Dr. I.G.N.G Ngoerah Denpasar. In this study, the most cases of NPC were found in the range of 51-60 years old (32.9%), male sex (65.7%), high school education status (48.6%), private employee employment (32.9%), anamnesis results of a lump in the neck (77.1%), stage IVA (40%), and with the histological type of NKSCC undifferentiated subtype (90%). Men have twice the risk of suffering from NPC compared to women, most cases have complained of a lump in the neck and other symptoms such as nasal congestion, tinnitus, headaches. The most common histological type found is the NKSCC undifferentiated subtype, which mostly occurs in advanced stages of an IVA.
Keywords : Clinicopathology, NPC, Nasopharynx
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Kliwon, Kliwon, i Ari Sarwanto. "Pengaruh Aktivasi Regulasi Emosi Terhadap Prestasi Olahraga Atlet Disabilitas NPC Kota Surakarta". Interest : Jurnal Ilmu Kesehatan 8, nr 2 (27.11.2019): 177–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.37341/interest.v8i2.173.
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Background: Many studies have shown how important psychological roles are when enhancing an athlete's ability to deal with match situations. Psychological changes when comparing namely the increase in the ability of athletes to accept stress (pressure), keep concentrating, have a mental toughness (mental toughness) so as to overcome heavier opposition (Hastria Effendi, 2016: 23). Disability sports problems are closely related to psychological problems and symptoms of their athletes. Maximum achievement can be achieved by an athlete who is truly ready to compete with all his abilities. The readiness in question is the physical and psychological aspects of the athlete concerned.The research purpose was determined the effect of emotional regulation activation on the disability athletes’ performance in NPC of Surakarta City. Methods: The research type is quantitative research with analytic observational design through a cross-sectional approach. This research was conducted at NPC of Surakarta City. The research population was the Athletes of NPC of Surakarta City. The number of NPC athletes in the Surakarta city which became the researech population amounted to 160 athletes. The sampling technique was used random sampling. Collecting data techniques were used questionnaire, observation, and documentation. Result: The hypothesis testing was used Product Moment Correlation techniques. Conclusion: The research result was showed that there was a close influence between the emotions regulation on the performance of the NPC Surakarta athletes ( tcount > ttable ( (8.685> 1.571 ) )
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Nasution, Ibrahim Irsan, Ramsi Lutan, Delfitri Munir i Arlinda Sari Wahyuni. "RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CIGARETTE SMOKING AND NASOPHARYNGEAL CARCINOMA". INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NASOPHARYNGEAL CARCINOMA (IJNPC) 1, nr 1 (23.05.2019): 17–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.32734/ijnpc.v1i1.962.
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Introduciton
Since then the pathogenesis of NPC has been intensively studied, specifically aimed at geography and racial variation. In recent years many environmental and biological factors have shown a risky relationship to the occurrence of NPC and the latest research results indicate the role of genetic and viral factors in the development of this disease
Objectives
Etiology of nasopharyngeal cancer (NPC) is multifactorial, and many of these factors overlap where one factor may occur together with other elements as a cause. Cigarette smoking is thought to also play a role in the development of NPC.
Methods
The study design was in case of control with an analytical approach during February-October 2007. To find out the relationship between Cigarette smoking NPC, a case-control study was conducted, with a sample of 96 patients with NPC as case and 96 people as a control. Case group and control samples were taken from RSUP H. Adam Malik Medan and RSU Dr. Pirngadi Medan.
Results
The majority of NPC patients are: Men (compared with women 2.84: 1), 50-59 years (29.2%), and farming (32.3%). The Batak ethnic is the largest ethnic group suffering from NPC 54 people (56.3%) and followed in the second place the most are Javanese (29.2%). The most histopathological type is WHO type 3 (38.6%). Most stages were III (58.4%), followed by stage IV (40.6%), stage II (1%), and there was none of stage I.In univariate logistic regression showed a significant relationship between smokers with consumption of cigarettes 11-20 cigarettes per day with OR=2.530 (p=0.021) with the occurrence of NPC. However, in the multivariate logistic regression analysis, the number of cigarettes per day did not show a significant relationship (p=0.587). The results of multivariate logistic regression analysis, nasopharyngeal carcinoma were significantly associated with people who had started smoking before the age of 20 years (p=0.000; OR 5.35 and CI 95% 2.290-12.499), consuming habits of salted fish before 10 years of age with sometimes frequency consumption of salted fish p=0.000; OR 7.766 (95% CI 2.937-20.538), often p=0.000; OR 16.515 (95% CI 5.3000-51.463), and the habit of using firewood p=0.014; OR 3.147 (95% CI 1.260-7.860). There was no significant relationship between the duration of cigarette smoking (p=0.293), a number of cigarettes (p=0.021) and the types of cigarettes smoked (p=0.081) with the incidence of NPC.
Conclusion
Cigarette smoking as a risk factor for NPC cannot act stand-alone as a risk factor, but there is a role for other factors that also influence as a risk factor.