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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat "Novelty adaptation"
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Bohutínská, Magdalena, Mark Alston, Patrick Monnahan, Terezie Mandáková, Sian Bray, Pirita Paajanen, Filip Kolář i Levi Yant. "Novelty and Convergence in Adaptation to Whole Genome Duplication". Molecular Biology and Evolution 38, nr 9 (30.03.2021): 3910–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msab096.
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Abstract Whole genome duplication (WGD) can promote adaptation but is disruptive to conserved processes, especially meiosis. Studies in Arabidopsis arenosa revealed a coordinated evolutionary response to WGD involving interacting proteins controlling meiotic crossovers, which are minimized in an autotetraploid (within-species polyploid) to avoid missegregation. Here, we test whether this surprising flexibility of a conserved essential process, meiosis, is recapitulated in an independent WGD system, Cardamine amara, 17 My diverged from A. arenosa. We assess meiotic stability and perform population-based scans for positive selection, contrasting the genomic response to WGD in C. amara with that of A. arenosa. We found in C. amara the strongest selection signals at genes with predicted functions thought important to adaptation to WGD: meiosis, chromosome remodeling, cell cycle, and ion transport. However, genomic responses to WGD in the two species differ: minimal ortholog-level convergence emerged, with none of the meiosis genes found in A. arenosa exhibiting strong signal in C. amara. This is consistent with our observations of lower meiotic stability and occasional clonal spreading in diploid C. amara, suggesting that nascent C. amara autotetraploid lineages were preadapted by their diploid lifestyle to survive while enduring reduced meiotic fidelity. However, in contrast to a lack of ortholog convergence, we see process-level and network convergence in DNA management, chromosome organization, stress signaling, and ion homeostasis processes. This gives the first insight into the salient adaptations required to meet the challenges of a WGD state and shows that autopolyploids can utilize multiple evolutionary trajectories to adapt to WGD.
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Boehnke, Susan E., David J. Berg, Robert A. Marino, Pierre F. Baldi, Laurent Itti i Douglas P. Munoz. "Visual adaptation and novelty responses in the superior colliculus". European Journal of Neuroscience 34, nr 5 (22.08.2011): 766–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-9568.2011.07805.x.
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Abbott, Richard J., i Adrian C. Brennan. "Altitudinal gradients, plant hybrid zones and evolutionary novelty". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 369, nr 1648 (5.08.2014): 20130346. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2013.0346.
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Altitudinal gradients are characterized by steep changes of the physical and biotic environment that present challenges to plant adaptation throughout large parts of the world. Hybrid zones may form where related species inhabit different neighbouring altitudes and can facilitate interspecific gene flow and potentially the breakdown of species barriers. Studies of such hybrid zones can reveal much about the genetic basis of adaptation to environmental differences stemming from changes in altitude and the maintenance of species divergence in the face of gene flow. Furthermore, owing to recombination and transgressive effects, such hybrid zones can be sources of evolutionary novelty. We document plant hybrid zones associated with altitudinal gradients and emphasize similarities and differences in their structure. We then focus on recent studies of a hybrid zone between two Senecio species that occur at high and low altitude on Mount Etna, Sicily, showing how adaptation to local environments and intrinsic selection against hybrids act to maintain it. Finally, we consider the potential of altitudinal hybrid zones for generating evolutionary novelty through adaptive introgression and hybrid speciation. Examples of homoploid hybrid species of Senecio and Pinus that originated from altitudinal hybrid zones are discussed.
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Streelman, J. T., C. L. Peichel i D. M. Parichy. "Developmental Genetics of Adaptation in Fishes: The Case for Novelty". Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics 38, nr 1 (grudzień 2007): 655–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.38.091206.095537.
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ZGONNIKOV, ARKADY, i IHOR LUBASHEVSKY. "UNSTABLE DYNAMICS OF ADAPTATION IN UNKNOWN ENVIRONMENT DUE TO NOVELTY SEEKING". Advances in Complex Systems 17, nr 03n04 (lipiec 2014): 1450013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219525914500131.
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Learning and adaptation play great role in emergent socio-economic phenomena. Complex dynamics has been previously found in the systems of multiple learning agents interacting via a simple game. Meanwhile, the single agent adaptation is considered trivially stable. We advocate the idea that adopting a more complex model of the individual behavior may result in a more diverse spectrum of macro-level behaviors. We develop an adaptation model based on the reinforcement learning framework extended by an additional processing channel. We scrutiny the dynamics of the single agent adapting to the unknown environment; the agent is biased by novelty seeking, the intrinsic inclination for exploration. We demonstrate that the behavior of the novelty-seeking agent may be inherently unstable. One of the surprising results is that under certain conditions the increase of the novelty-seeking level may cause the agent to switch from the non-rational to the strictly rational behavior. Our results give evidence to the hypothesis that the intrinsic motives of agents should be paid no less attention than the extrinsic ones in the models of complex socio-economic systems.
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Ruitenberg, Marit F. L., Vincent Koppelmans, Rachael D. Seidler i Judith Schomaker. "Novelty exposure induces stronger sensorimotor representations during a manual adaptation task". Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 1510, nr 1 (23.12.2021): 68–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/nyas.14731.
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Holden, Janean E., i Barbara Therrien. "The Effects of Hippocampal Damage on Adaptation to Novelty in Rats". Journal of Neuroscience Nursing 21, nr 1 (luty 1989): 38–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01376517-198902000-00007.
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Singh, Amoolya H., Tobias Doerks, Ivica Letunic, Jeroen Raes i Peer Bork. "Discovering Functional Novelty in Metagenomes: Examples from Light-Mediated Processes". Journal of Bacteriology 191, nr 1 (10.10.2008): 32–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.01084-08.
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ABSTRACT The emerging coverage of diverse habitats by metagenomic shotgun data opens new avenues of discovering functional novelty using computational tools. Here, we apply three different concepts for predicting novel functions within light-mediated microbial pathways in five diverse environments. Using phylogenetic approaches, we discovered two novel deep-branching subfamilies of photolyases (involved in light-mediated repair) distributed abundantly in high-UV environments. Using neighborhood approaches, we were able to assign seven novel functional partners in luciferase synthesis, nitrogen metabolism, and quorum sensing to BLUF domain-containing proteins (involved in light sensing). Finally, by domain analysis, for RcaE proteins (involved in chromatic adaptation), we predict 16 novel domain architectures that indicate novel functionalities in habitats with little or no light. Quantification of protein abundance in the various environments supports our findings that bacteria utilize light for sensing, repair, and adaptation far more widely than previously thought. While the discoveries illustrate the opportunities in function discovery, we also discuss the immense conceptual and practical challenges that come along with this new type of data.
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Huber, B., A. Whibley, Y. L. Poul, N. Navarro, A. Martin, S. Baxter, A. Shah i in. "Conservatism and novelty in the genetic architecture of adaptation in Heliconius butterflies". Heredity 114, nr 5 (25.03.2015): 515–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/hdy.2015.22.
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Morgan, Michael J., i Joshua A. Solomon. "A visual search asymmetry for relative novelty in the visual field based on sensory adaptation". Attention, Perception, & Psychophysics 82, nr 3 (24.12.2019): 938–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.3758/s13414-019-01943-w.
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AbstractThe ability to detect sudden changes in the environment is important for survival. However, studies of “change blindness” have shown that image differences are hard to detect when a time delay or a mask is imposed between the different images. However, when sensory adaptation is permitted by accurate fixation, we find that change detection is not only possible but asymmetrical: a single changed target amongst 15 unchanging distractors is much easier to detect than a target defined by its lack of change. Although adaptation may selectively reduce the apparent contrast of unchanged objects, the asymmetry in “change salience” cannot be attributed to any such reduction because genuine reductions in target contrast increase, rather than decrease, target detectability. Analogous results preclude attribution to apparent differences between (a) target onset and distractor onset and (b) their temporal frequencies (both flickered at 7.5 Hz, minimizing afterimages). Our results demonstrate a hitherto underappreciated (or unappreciated) advantage conferred by low-level sensory adaptation: it automatically elevates the salience of previously absent objects.
Rozprawy doktorskie na temat "Novelty adaptation"
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Nelson, Jeffrey. "Executive functioning and the adaptation to novelty". University of Western Australia. School of Psychology, 2008. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2008.0157.
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[Truncated thesis] This thesis is concerned with executive functioning in two different but related ways. The first is as an information processing construct in cognitive psychology. There are many different conceptualisations of the information processing basis of executive functioning but this thesis will pursue the notion that executive functioning is best thought of as adaptation to novelty. In the thesis, this will be operationalised using performance indices (principally reaction time) from a number of information processing tasks. These tasks have typically been used in the literature to index either executive functioning or speed of information processing. Both kinds of tasks are used to tackle the second concern of this thesis, namely, how executive functioning is measured. The data analytic techniques developed in this thesis are based on the hypothesis that executive functioning is the process or processes involved in resolving task novelty and consequently measurement will be enhanced through an analysis of performance changes within tasks as the task changes from novel to familiar. The analysis methods will be based largely on the computation of coefficient of variation of reaction time in successive performance windows across the information processing tasks. An elderly sample was chosen for this thesis because of a history of research that has attempted to determine whether cognitive deficits in the elderly are the consequence of the slowing of information processing speed or to impairment in executive functioning. ... The analysis was driven by the hypothesis that a significant shift in the coefficient of variation would mark a transition from novelty to familiarity in task performance and hence from executive to non-executive phases. Three methods were applied to individual performance curves to determine the point at which for each task this transition occurred. Using criterion measures of variability to separate the task data into two stages, analyses showed, contrary to the hypothesis, that later task performance was more highly associated with executive functioning than in initial task performance. The fourth stage of analysis (Chapter 7) applied confirmatory factor analysis to the newly-formed pre- and post transition data. Evidence was found that the magnitude of the contributions of EF across the pre- and post-criterion phases was stable, failing to support the hypothesis. Finally, structural equation modelling was used to examine how age and intelligence in this elderly sample exerts its influence on task performance and whether EF or IPS was the primary cause of age-related cognitive decline. The results showed that the age and intelligence effects on performance were mediated by the requirement to adapt to novelty. Although there was limited evidence to claim that EF is the primary cause of age-related cognitive decline, ageing effects were only apparent when the participants were adapting to novelty. The thesis concludes that there is some support for the hypothesis that executive functioning is best thought of as the processes underpinning adaptation to novelty. While not a panacea, the analytic techniques developed show promise for future research.
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Balodis, Janis Maris. "The practice of adaptation : turning fact and fiction into theatre". Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2012. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/60917/1/Janis_Balodis_Thesis.pdf.
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Adaptation of novels and other source texts into theatre has proven to be a recurring and popular form of writing through the ages. This study argues that as the theoretical discourse has moved on from outmoded notions of fidelity to original sources, the practice of adaptation is a method of re-invigorating theatre forms and inventing new ones. This practice-led research employed a tripartite methodology comprised of the writing of two play adaptations, participation by the author/researcher in their productions, and exegetical components focused on the development and deployment of analytical tools. These tools were derived from theoretical literature and a creative practice based on acquired professional artistry "learnt by doing" over a longstanding professional career as actor, director and writer.
A suite of analytical tools was developed through the three phases of the first project, the adaptation of Nick Earls’ novel Perfect Skin. The tools draw on Cardwell’s "comparative analysis", which encompasses close consideration of generic context, authorial context and medium-specific context; and on Stam’s "mechanics of narrative": order, duration, frequency, the narrator and point of view. A third analytical lens was developed from an awareness of the significance of the commissioning brief and ethical considerations and obligations to the source text and its author and audience.
The tripartite methodology provided an adaptation template that was applied to the writing and production of the second play Red Cap, which used factual and anecdotal sources. The second play’s exegesis (Chapter 10) analyses the effectiveness of the suite of analytical tools and the reception of the production in order to conclude the study with a workable model for use in the practice of adapting existing texts, both factual and fictional, for the theatre.
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Nilsson, Annika. "Bacterial adaptation to novel selection pressures /". Stockholm, 2005. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2005/91-7140-192-X/.
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Martinossi-Allibert, Ivain. "Sexual Selection and Adaptation to Novel Environments". Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Zooekologi, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-332119.
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The work included in this thesis aims at exploring the environmental sensitivity of benefits and costs of sexual selection through a combined empirical and theoretical effort, to increase our understanding of the impact of environmental change on sexually reproducing populations.Can sexual selection promote adaptation to novel environments? Sexual selection for good genes should accelerate adaptation by granting higher reproductive success to individuals of high genetic quality. However, sexual conflict is a frequent outcome of sexual reproduction and may often be detrimental to population fitness. Experimental evolution has shown that the role of sexual selection in adaptation is variable, because of a complex balance between the detrimental and beneficial effects described above.The present thesis is investigating the role of sexual selection in adaptation by focusing on the sex-specific strength of selection and the intensity of intralocus sexual conflict (IaSC) in ancestral and novel environments. The sex-specific strength of selection is a valuable proxy for the benefits of sexual reproduction, since a male-bias in selection caused by sexual selection should allow efficient purging of deleterious alleles with little impact on female fecundity and cost to population fitness.This thesis investigates both sex-specific selection and IaSC across benign and novel environments in two species of seed beetles, Callosobruchus maculatus and Acanthoscelides obtectus, and includes a theoretical model of the effect of environmental change on of sexual selection. The empirical part of my results indicates that, generally, selection at the adult stage is male biased but that this male bias may be reduced under stress, pointing towards reduced benefits of sexual selection under rapid environmental change. Additional simulations suggest that the frequency dependent nature of sexual selection alone could explain this trend. No empirical support was found for the reduction of IaSC under stress.It is becoming crucial today to understand the impact of environmental change on natural populations. This thesis brings new material adding to our understanding of the role of sexual selection within that particular issue. The outcome of sexual selection is dependent on a variety of mechanisms, such as good genes processes and sexual conflict, which are very likely to be dependent on ecological factors and specificity of the system studied. For that reason, carefully controlled experiments on laboratory systems and mathematical modelling are necessary steps that should ultimately lead to the study of similar questions in natural systems.
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Roper, Margaret Mary. "Shakespeare and contemporary adaptation : the graphic novel". Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2013. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/3962/.
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This thesis examines the process of adaptation of Shakespeare’s plays into the graphic novel medium. It traces the history of these adaptations from the first comic books produced in the mid-twentieth century to graphic novels produced in the twenty-first century. The editions used for examination have been selected as they are indicative of key developments in the history of adaptation of Shakespeare’s plays into the medium. This thesis explores how the plays are presented and the influences on the styles of presentation. It traces the history of the form and how the adaptations have been received in various periods. It also examines how the combination of illustrations and text and the conventions of the medium produce unique narrative capacities, how these have developed over time and how they used to present the plays. Sales data of Shakespeare graphic novels is presented and analysed to reveal the target audience is the education sector which in turn drives the publisher’s promotion of the authenticity and fidelity of their editions. How authenticity is claimed and invoked in the adaptation into graphic novels is also examined.
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Tang, Funing. "Films on Paper: Adaptation of Eileen Chang's Novels". Scholarly Repository, 2009. http://scholarlyrepository.miami.edu/oa_theses/203.
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Eileen Chang (1920-1995), a legendary female writer in Chinese literature history, lived in the most turbulent time of contemporary China. Her works are all about love. Her characters are all insignificant people, unrealistically invested with illusory dreams of life, but meanwhile, absorbed by worldly pursuits and pleasures. And her tone is desolate. People worship her, both as a great writer and as a mysterious woman. From 1980s, the fascination with her and her literature overtly announces itself in Chinese language cinema. Several critically acclaimed directors have intended to adapt her aura and charisma through adapting her literature. But, the result of their efforts is not optimistic; the disparity between the films and the novels still has been widely sensed. My thesis focuses on the film adaptations of her novels. I intend to explore this woman?s world through cinema; precisely, through the unexpected gap between her novels and their film versions, in order to explore the reality and moods in her mind that are hard to visualize. The same events, moments and situations presented in both the novels and the films also offer great opportunities for the comparison of two different ways of story-telling.
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Cardwell, Sarah Elizabeth Fleur. "Adaptation revisited : nostalgia, genre and the televisual in the 1980s/1990s classic-novel adaptation". Thesis, Royal Holloway, University of London, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.392081.
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The thesis is concerned with British television classic-novel adaptations and their cultural significance. It interrogates at some length the arguments of comparative theorists and critics, and examines the implicit presumptions and conceptualisations that have determined their various influential approaches. The thesis develops an alternative understanding of these programmes, explicitly resisting a traditional comparative approach, and instead exploring a genre and the broader textual, cultural and social discourses within which it exists. The texts are conceived as sites of interplay between discourses about the past, the present, television and, reflexively, the genre itself, and are explored through close textual analysis that focuses on these concerns. British television classic-novel adaptations establish a generic microcosm that can be identified by its characteristic tropes of content (in particular, representations of the past), style and mood(s). Traditionally, this microcosm has been justifiably associated with nostalgia; however, whilst the nostalgic mode is still prevalent, generic development and the influence of (post)modern cultural discourses have resulted in the possibility of a wider range of meanings and consequent interpretations. In addition, classic-novel adaptations are necessarily and problematically situated within the context of the televisual, and the televisual context has impacted upon the genre's identity and development. The thesis elucidates the specificity of the televisual - highlighting its 'presentness', 'performativity', and intertextuality. The salience of a limited range of theories of the postmodern to the proffered conceptualisations of televisuality and (post)nostalgia is indicated. Informed by detailed conceptualisations of postmodern nostalgia and the televisual, the genre is examined textually, contextually and intertextually. The thesis therefore aims to reconfigure the theoretical assumptions behind the study of adaptation and propose an alternative conceptual and interpretative framework, grounding the study in detailed discussion of adaptations made in Britain over a twenty-year period (1980s and 1990s).
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Regazzi, Jean. "Un homme qui écrit au cinéma : Providence ou les films de Resnais comme machines à lire des romans". Thesis, Paris 3, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA030018/document.
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Hormis son dernier film en date, Resnais a toujours refusé d’adapter des romans tout en ne travaillant, durant de nombreuses années, qu’avec des écrivains avant tout romanciers. Premier de ses films à avoir été écrit par un dramaturge de formation, Providence (1977) met pourtant en scène un vieil écrivain malade et alcoolique en train d’imaginer les scènes tour à tour horrifiques et comiques d’un ultime roman dont les héros ne sont autres que ses proches. Ce paradoxe fonde le présent essai, centré sur un film d’une rare exactitude en matière de création littéraire et dont la structure en diptyque met à nu les rapports de la fiction et du réel. Réhabilitant la notion de « cinéma littéraire » tout en faisant éclater le cadre trop réducteur de l’adaptation et en posant le récit et non le spectacle comme enjeu majeur chez Resnais, cette étude explore les liens plus intimes existant entre les livres et les films. Permettant de revenir sur des romanciers fondamentaux de la modernité tels que Melville, Proust et Faulkner, la machine cinématographique de Resnais trouve peut-être dans leurs textes son meilleur usage. Et c’est ainsi que, employé dans toute son active spécularité, Providence révèle les profondes affinités qu’entretiennent l’écriture et le suicide. Tourmenté par celui de son épouse qu’il pose au centre d’une histoire où les vieillards, changés en loups-garous, sont parqués dans les stades d’extermination d’un état de terreur, du fond de son manoir nocturne de Providence, le grantécrivain et pathétique démiurge s’escrime à nous faire peur avec sa propre agonie : c’est peut-être ce qui fait de lui le plus véridique de tous les auteurs abymés au cinémaAApart from his latest film Resnais has always been reluctant about the adaptation of novels despite working for many years exclusively with writers who were mainly novelists. However, Providence (1977), his first film ever to have been written by a professional playwright, stages an elderlywriter, sick and alcoholic, in the course of imagining scenes, alternating between the horrific and the comic, of an ultimate novel the heroes of which are none other than his own next of kin. This paradox constitutes the core of the present essay which is centered around a film of rare precision regarding the literary creation, and its diptycal structure provides a deep insight into the links of fiction and reality. By rehabilitating the notion of “literary cinema”, while bursting the far too limiting frame of adaptation, and while presenting the storytelling rather than the showing as Resnais’ major engagement, the present analysis explores the more intimate relations between books and films. While enabling the return to fundamental novelists of modernity such as Melville, Proust and Faulkner, Resnais’ cinematographic machine may find in their texts its most efficient use. Through its active mise en abyme Providence reveals the profound affinities between writing novels and committing suicide. Tormented by his wife’s suicide which he places in the centre of a story where the elderly, transformed into werewolves, are locked in the extermination stages of a state of terror, at the heart of his nocturnal manor in Providence, the grantécrivain and pathetic demiurge is struggling to frighten us with his own agony. This probably makes him the most truthful of all abymed writers in cinema
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Lalk, Jörg. "Novel expert system strategies for Kalman filter adaptation". Thesis, Cranfield University, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.260442.
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White, Rebecca Arwen. "The classic-novel adaptation from 1995 to 2009". Thesis, Durham University, 2010. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/443/.
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This thesis explores the dynamic relationship between the nineteenth-century novel and the screen, interrogating evolving trends in film and television adaptation from the mid-1990s to 2009. In contrast to many other studies in this field, such productions are understood as both adaptations and ‘costume dramas’, whilst the often neglected televisual context is highlighted alongside the paratexts which shape and surround adaptations. At the same time, the enduring (yet often dismissed) notion of ‘fidelity’ is recognised and developed, as expectations of faithfulness extend beyond the literary text to privilege the legacies of prior adaptations. As this thesis will show, classic-novel adaptations are increasingly framed by change and tension, as movements towards ‘contemporising’ representations of the past, and reinvigorating costume drama, have been shadowed by a growing unease with the stylistic innovation and ubiquity of the genre. An introductory chapter outlines theoretical approaches towards, and critical studies of, adaptation and costume drama, contextualising this thesis whilst defining new directions for study. Chapter one focuses upon Jane Austen, re-exploring the significance of Andrew Davies’s Pride and Prejudice (1995) and examining ‘Austenmania’s’ tense pull between tradition and innovation. Chapter two considers how conflicting perceptions of what constitutes ‘Gaskellian’ become interlinked with the struggle to characterise contemporary period adaptation. Chapter three explores the evolving interrelationship between the Brontës, the ‘Brontë Myth’ and the screen, whilst chapter four readdresses the long history of adapting Dickens, the ‘Dickensian’ film redefined by Davies’s ‘soap-like’ treatment of Bleak House (2005). A concluding chapter examines classic-novel adaptation in 2009, returning to Austen as emblematic of many of the issues confronting the genre, and offering some thoughts about its immediate future. Above all, this study interrogates the ever-shifting relationship between text and screen, enabling refreshing interpretations of both novel and adaptation.
Książki na temat "Novelty adaptation"
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Pahomova, Elena, Aleksandr Pahomov, Svetlana Istomina, Tat'yana Lychagina, Ol'ga Rozhkova i Tigran Davtyan. Instrumental and methodological approach to the adaptation of the Triple helix model for the conditions of Russia, taking into account historical retrospect. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1371304.
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The monograph presents the results of a scientific study, the novelty of which lies in a meaningful methodological reinterpretation of the Itskovitz triple helix model for Russian conditions and mentality with the filling of economic and mathematical tools. The main three components of the study are: the adaptation of the CU model to Russian conditions, taking into account historical retrospect, and the tasks of the economic environment.
It can be used by students, postgraduates, teachers as a textbook; by researchers and specialists of practical economics - to solve complex methodological practice-oriented problems.
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Alex, Kurtzman, Rogers John, Oprisko Kris i Milne Alex, red. The Transformers: Movie adaptation. San Diego, Calif: IDW, 2007.
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O'Neil, Denny. Batman: The comic adaptation. New York: DC Comics, 1989.
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Fehrle, Johannes, i Werner Schäfke-Zell, red. Adaptation in the Age of Media Convergence. NL Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/9789462983663.
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This collection considers new phenomena emerging in a convergence environment from the perspective of adaptation studies. The contributions take the most prominent methods within the field to offer reconsiderations of theoretical concepts and practices in participatory culture, transmedia franchises, and new media adaptations. The authors discuss phenomena ranging from mash-ups of novels and YouTube cover songs to negotiations of authorial control and interpretative authority between media producers and fan communities to perspectives on the fictional and legal framework of brands and franchises. In this fashion, the collection expands the horizons of both adaptation and transmedia studies and provides reassessments of frequently discussed (BBC’s Sherlock or the LEGO franchise) and previously largely ignored phenomena (self-censorship in transnational franchises, mash-up novels, or YouTube cover videos).
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Kohout, Pavel. Hráč a jeho štěstí: Hra podle novely F.M. Dostojevského. Praha: Dilia, 1990.
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Pasko, Martin. Superman returns: The official movie adaptation. New York: DC Comics, 2006.
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Fitzgerald, F. Scott (Francis Scott), 1896-1940, red. The great Gatsby: A graphic adaptation. Crows Nest, N.S.W: Allen & Unwin, 2009.
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1920-, Bradbury Ray, red. Ray Bradbury's The martian chronicles: The authorized adaptation. New York: Hill and Wang, 2011.
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1920-, Bradbury Ray, red. Ray Bradbury's Something wicked this way comes: The authorized adaptation. New York: Hill and Wang, 2011.
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1944-, Lucas George, Sinclair James, Dutro Steve, Barreto Eduardo, Williamson Al 1939- i Dark Horse Comics, red. Star Wars: Episode IV: A New Hope: Comic Adaptation. Edina, Minn: Spotlight, 2009.
Znajdź pełny tekst źródłaCzęści książek na temat "Novelty adaptation"
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Frigotto, M. Laura. "Novelty in Adaptation". W The Palgrave Encyclopedia of Strategic Management, 1–7. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/978-1-349-94848-2_359-1.
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Frigotto, M. Laura. "Novelty in Adaptation". W The Palgrave Encyclopedia of Strategic Management, 1147–52. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-00772-8_359.
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Murata, Akinori, Hiroyuki Sato i Keiki Takadama. "Optimization of Aircraft Landing Route and Order Based on Novelty Search". W Proceedings in Adaptation, Learning and Optimization, 291–304. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-49049-6_21.
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Canavan, Gerry. "You Think You Know the Story: Novelty, Repetition, and Lovecraft in Whedon and Goddard’s The Cabin in the Woods". W The Politics of Adaptation, 201–13. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137443854_15.
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Nwaogu, Chukwudi. "Improving Food Security by Adapting and Mitigating Climate Change-Induced Crop Pest: The Novelty of Plant-Organic Sludge in Southern Nigeria". W African Handbook of Climate Change Adaptation, 1–26. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-42091-8_135-1.
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Nwaogu, Chukwudi. "Improving Food Security by Adapting and Mitigating Climate Change-Induced Crop Pest: The Novelty of Plant-Organic Sludge in Southern Nigeria". W African Handbook of Climate Change Adaptation, 1659–84. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-45106-6_135.
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AbstractClimate change is a global issue threatening food security, environmental safety, and human health in tropical and developing countries where people depend mainly on agriculture for their livelihood. Nigeria ranks among the top in the global yam production. It has the largest population in Africa and has been able to secure food for its growing population through food crops especially yam. Unfortunately, the recent increase in termites’ colonies due to climate change threatens yam yield. Besides harming man and environment, pesticides are expensive and not easily accessible to control the pests. This prompted a study which aimed at applying a biotrado-cultural approach in controlling the termites, as well as improving soil chemical properties and yam production. The study hypothesized that Chromolaena odorata and Elaeis guineensis sludge improved soil nutrient and yam yield and consequently decreased termites’ outbreak. In a randomized design experiment of five blocks and five replicates, five different treatments including unmanaged (UM), Vernonia amygdalina (VA), Chromolaena odorata (CO), Elaeis guineensis (EG) liquid sludge, and fipronil (FP) were applied in termites-infested agricultural soil. Data were collected and measured on the responses of soil chemical properties, termites, and yam yield to treatments using one-way ANOVA, regression, and multivariate analyses. The result showed that Chromolaena odorata (CO) and EG treatments were the best treatments for controlling termites and increase yam production. Termites were successfully controlled in VA and FP treatments, but the control was not commensurate with yam production. The experiment needs to be extended to other locations in the study region. It also requires an intensive and long-term investigation in order to thoroughly understand (i) the influence of climate change on the termites’ outbreak, (ii) the extent of termite damage to the crops, (iii) the impacts of climate change and variability on yam yields, (iii) the agricultural and economic benefits of the applied treatments, and (iv) the ecological and human health safety of the treatments.
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Gough, Noel, i Simon Gough. "Watchmen, Scientific Imaginaries, and the Capitalocene: The Media and Their Messages for Science Educators". W Palgrave Studies in Education and the Environment, 277–92. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-79622-8_17.
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AbstractThis chapter explores the generativity of comics/graphic novels and their filmic adaptations as contributions to the “cultural literacy” of science educators by examining: (i) representations of science in Alan Moore and Dave Gibbons’ graphic novel Watchmen; (ii) the unique capability of sequential art to depict key scientific imaginaries, such as complexity and simultaneity; (iii) the treatment of these imaginaries in Zack Snyder’s (Watchmen. Universal Pictures, 2009) filmic adaptation of Watchmen; and (iv) the shift from the novel’s threats of Cold War nuclear annihilation toward the film’s concern with contemporary fears of a climate crisis. Many science educators treat comics/graphic novels (and much science fiction) with suspicion, tending to focus on their fidelity (or lack thereof) with canonical “textbook science” and the im/plausibility of their narratives. We argue that both versions of Watchmen constitute distinctively generative media resources (with cross-generational relevance) for rethinking science education in the Capitalocene.
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Russo, Paolo. "(The Facts Before) The Fiction Before the Facts: Suburra from Novel (to Trial) to Feature to TV Serial". W True Event Adaptation, 111–41. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-97322-7_7.
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Agarwal, Charu, Anurag Mishra, Arpita Sharma i Girija Chetty. "A Novel Scene Based Robust Video Watermarking Scheme in DWT Domain Using Extreme Learning Machine". W Adaptation, Learning, and Optimization, 209–25. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-04741-6_15.
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Li, Zhen, Karl Ratner, Edward Ratner, Kallin Khan, Kaj-Mikael Bjork i Amaury Lendasse. "A Novel ELM Ensemble for Time Series Prediction". W Proceedings in Adaptation, Learning and Optimization, 283–91. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-23307-5_31.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenia konferencji na temat "Novelty adaptation"
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Vorobeva, T. G., i E. V. Dementeva. "Analysis of the formation of a system of adaptation in students". W Global science. Development and novelty. SPC "LJournal", 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.18411/gdsn-28-02-2019-07.
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Wasilewski, Jacek, i Neil Hurley. "Bayesian Personalized Ranking for Novelty Enhancement". W UMAP '19: 27th Conference on User Modeling, Adaptation and Personalization. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3320435.3320468.
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Lehman, Joel, i Kenneth O. Stanley. "Improving evolvability through novelty search and self-adaptation". W 2011 IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation (CEC). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cec.2011.5949955.
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Sacharidis, Dimitris. "Diversity and Novelty in Social-Based Collaborative Filtering". W UMAP '19: 27th Conference on User Modeling, Adaptation and Personalization. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3320435.3320479.
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Bukovsky, I., J. Bila i W. Kinsner. "Multiscale analysis approach for novelty detection in adaptation plot". W Sensor Signal Processing for Defence (SSPD 2012). Institution of Engineering and Technology, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/ic.2012.0114.
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Wagner, Günter. "Is there a distinction between adaptation and evolutionary novelty — and does it matter?" W 2016 International Congress of Entomology. Entomological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/ice.2016.89880.
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Jiménez Ramírez, Magdalena. "A Descriptive Analysis of Doctoral Studies in Spain: Recent Changes". W HEAd'16 - International Conference on Higher Education Advances. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/head16.2016.2771.
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The adaptation of Doctoral studies to the European Higher Education Area has involved a complex regulatory change in Spain, with the aim of harmonizing this stage of training with European guidelines. Royal Decree 99/2011 established a new organizational structure for the Doctorate and sets out the guidelines, conditions and procedures that are to regulate the new Doctoral studies. In this paper we describe some of the most significant changes, including, among others, the novelty of the creation of Doctoral Schools, and we likewise present a succinct descriptive overview of some data resulting from the implementation of the regulations on the configuration and putting into practice of the new Doctoral studies. We conclude that these transformations are complex at the levels of management, organization and operation, although they have involved a move towards training that qualifies candidates in research competencies within a setting of internationalization and European mobility.
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Nataraj, C. ‘Nat’, i DongBin Lee. "Model-Based Adaptive Control for a Solenoid-Valve System". W ASME 2010 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2010-39371.
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In this paper, a model-based control algorithm is developed for a solenoid-valve system. The electric-driven machinery system and its sophisticated control give high levels of automation on huge systems such as ships and submarines. It is known that the characteristics between the force versus displacement and fluid dynamics are strongly nonlinear. The system has uncertainties in multiple parameters in the model, which make the system difficult to adjust to the environment and consequently require adaptation for sustainability and capability. The novelty of this research is that the uncertain nonlinear dynamics of the solenoid-valve system is simplified by formulating in dimensionless form. The non-dimensional control approach of the unknown bounded parameters which is approximately twenty parameter groups used in general adaptive control of the solenoid-butterfly valve system dramatically reduced to just four lumped parameter groups. The control objective is to the set-point of the solenoid-valve and accordingly control the angle position of the butterfly valve in spite of the complications presented by the uncertainties in the dynamic model. The estimated parameters are updated by the adaptation laws using the projection algorithm. After combining the translational and rotational dynamic models, the control input is designed by substituting the electric signal such as current from the model of electromagnetic force. Error signals of the trajectory tracking are developed for the solenoid-valve system. A closed-loop stable controller is designed based on the above error dynamics of the nonlinear solenoid-valve system utilizing Lyapunov-type stability which yields a stable result while obtaining the set-point objective.
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Permana, Virdiansyah, i Rahmat Shoureshi. "Controllability and Observability of a Large Scale Thermodynamical System via Connectability Approach". W ASME 2010 Dynamic Systems and Control Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/dscc2010-4265.
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This study presents a new approach to determine the controllability and observability of a large scale nonlinear dynamic thermal system using graph-theory. The novelty of this method is in adapting graph theory for nonlinear class and establishing a graphic condition that describes the necessary and sufficient terms for a nonlinear class system to be controllable and observable, which equivalents to the analytical method of Lie algebra rank condition. The directed graph (digraph) is utilized to model the system, and the rule of its adaptation in nonlinear class is defined. Subsequently, necessary and sufficient terms to achieve controllability and observability condition are investigated through the structural property of a digraph called connectability. It will be shown that the connectability condition between input and states, as well as output and states of a nonlinear system are equivalent to Lie-algebra rank condition (LARC). This approach has been proven to be easier from a computational point of view and is thus found to be useful when dealing with a large system.
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Lee, DongBin, C. Nataraj i Peiman Naseradinmousavi. "Nonlinear Model-Based Adaptive Control of a Solenoid-Valve System". W ASME 2010 Dynamic Systems and Control Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/dscc2010-4283.
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In this paper, a model-based control algorithm is developed for a solenoid-valve system. Solenoids and butterfly valves have uncertainties in multiple parameters in the model, which make the system difficult to adjust to the environment. These are further complicated by combining the solenoid and butterfly dynamic models. The control objective of a solenoid-valve system is to position the angle of the butterfly valve through the electric-driven actuator in spite of the complexity presented by uncertainties. The novelty of the controller design is that the current source of the solenoid valve from the model of the electromagnetic force is substituted for the control input in order to reach the set-point of the butterfly disk based on the error signals, overcoming the uncertainties represented by lumped parameters groups, and a stable controller is designed via the Lyapunov-based approach for the stability of the system and obtaining the control objective. The parameter groups are updated by adaptation laws using a projection algorithm. Numerical simulation is shown to demonstrate good performance of the proposed approach.
Raporty organizacyjne na temat "Novelty adaptation"
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Banda, Peter. Novel Methods for Learning and Adaptation in Chemical Reaction Networks. Portland State University Library, styczeń 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/etd.2326.
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Christopher, David A., i Avihai Danon. Plant Adaptation to Light Stress: Genetic Regulatory Mechanisms. United States Department of Agriculture, maj 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2004.7586534.bard.
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Original Objectives: 1. Purify and biochemically characterize RB60 orthologs in higher plant chloroplasts; 2. Clone the gene(s) encoding plant RB60 orthologs and determine their structure and expression; 3. Manipulate the expression of RB60; 4. Assay the effects of altered RB60 expression on thylakoid biogenesis and photosynthetic function in plants exposed to different light conditions. In addition, we also examined the gene structure and expression of RB60 orthologs in the non-vascular plant, Physcomitrella patens and cloned the poly(A)-binding protein orthologue (43 kDa RB47-like protein). This protein is believed to a partner that interacts with RB60 to bind to the psbA5' UTR. Thus, to obtain a comprehensive view of RB60 function requires analysis of its biochemical partners such as RB43. Background & Achievements: High levels of sunlight reduce photosynthesis in plants by damaging the photo system II reaction center (PSII) subunits, such as D1 (encoded by the chloroplast tpsbAgene). When the rate of D1 synthesis is less than the rate of photo damage, photo inhibition occurs and plant growth is decreased. Plants use light-activated translation and enhanced psbAmRNA stability to maintain D1 synthesis and replace the photo damaged 01. Despite the importance to photosynthetic capacity, these mechanisms are poorly understood in plants. One intriguing model derived from the algal chloroplast system, Chlamydomonas, implicates the role of three proteins (RB60, RB47, RB38) that bind to the psbAmRNA 5' untranslated leader (5' UTR) in the light to activate translation or enhance mRNA stability. RB60 is the key enzyme, protein D1sulfide isomerase (Pill), that regulates the psbA-RN :Binding proteins (RB's) by way of light-mediated redox potentials generated by the photosystems. However, proteins with these functions have not been described from higher plants. We provided compelling evidence for the existence of RB60, RB47 and RB38 orthologs in the vascular plant, Arabidopsis. Using gel mobility shift, Rnase protection and UV-crosslinking assays, we have shown that a dithiol redox mechanism which resembles a Pill (RB60) activity regulates the interaction of 43- and 30-kDa proteins with a thermolabile stem-loop in the 5' UTR of the psbAmRNA from Arabidopsis. We discovered, in Arabidopsis, the PD1 gene family consists of II members that differ in polypeptide length from 361 to 566 amino acids, presence of signal peptides, KDEL motifs, and the number and positions of thioredoxin domains. PD1's catalyze the reversible formation an disomerization of disulfide bonds necessary for the proper folding, assembly, activity, and secretion of numerous enzymes and structural proteins. PD1's have also evolved novel cellular redox functions, as single enzymes and as subunits of protein complexes in organelles. We provide evidence that at least one Pill is localized to the chloroplast. We have used PDI-specific polyclonal and monoclonal antisera to characterize the PD1 (55 kDa) in the chloroplast that is unevenly distributed between the stroma and pellet (containing membranes, DNA, polysomes, starch), being three-fold more abundant in the pellet phase. PD1-55 levels increase with light intensity and it assembles into a high molecular weight complex of ~230 kDa as determined on native blue gels. In vitro translation of all 11 different Pill's followed by microsomal membrane processing reactions were used to differentiate among PD1's localized in the endoplasmic reticulum or other organelles. These results will provide.1e insights into redox regulatory mechanisms involved in adaptation of the photosynthetic apparatus to light stress. Elucidating the genetic mechanisms and factors regulating chloroplast photosynthetic genes is important for developing strategies to improve photosynthetic efficiency, crop productivity and adaptation to high light environments.
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Bray, Elizabeth, Zvi Lerner i Alexander Poljakoff-Mayber. The Role of Phytohormones in the Response of Plants to Salinity Stress. United States Department of Agriculture, wrzesień 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1994.7613007.bard.
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Salinity is an increasing problem in many irrigated areas of crop production and is a significant factor in reducing crop productivity. Developmental, physiological, and molecular responses to salinity were studied in order to improve our understanding of these responses. Improvements in our understanding of plant responses to salinity are necessary in order to develop crops with improved salt tolerance. Previously, in Israel, it was shown that Sorghum biccolor can adapt to an otherwise lethal concentration of NaCl. These experiments were refined and it was shown that there is a specific window of development in which this adaption can occur. Past the window of development, Sorghum plants can not be adapted. In addition, the ability to adapt is not present in all genotypes of Sorghum. Cultivars that adapt have an increased coefficient of variation for many of the physiological parameters measured during the mid-phase of adaptation. Therefore, it is possible that the adaptation process does not occur identically in the entire population. A novel gene was identified, isolated and characterized from Sorghum that is induced in roots in response to salinity. This gene is expressed in roots in response to salt treatments, but it is not salt-induced in leaves. In leaves, the gene is expressed without a salt treatment. The gene encodes a proline-rich protein with a novel proline repeat, PEPK, repeated more than 50 times. An antibody produced to the PEPK repeat was used to show that the PEPK protein is present in the endodermal cell wall of the root during salt treatments. In the leaves, the protein is also found predominantly in the cell wall and is present mainly in the mesophyll cells. It is proposed that this protein is involved in the maintenance of solute concentration.
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Freeman, Stanley, Russell Rodriguez, Adel Al-Abed, Roni Cohen, David Ezra i Regina Redman. Use of fungal endophytes to increase cucurbit plant performance by conferring abiotic and biotic stress tolerance. United States Department of Agriculture, styczeń 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2014.7613893.bard.
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Major threats to agricultural sustainability in the 21st century are drought, increasing temperatures, soil salinity and soilborne pathogens, all of which are being exacerbated by climate change and pesticide abolition and are burning issues related to agriculture in the Middle East. We have found that Class 2 fungal endophytes adapt native plants to environmental stresses (drought, heat and salt) in a habitat-specific manner, and that these endophytes can confer stress tolerance to genetically distant monocot and eudicot hosts. In the past, we generated a uv non-pathogenic endophytic mutant of Colletotrichum magna (path-1) that colonized cucurbits, induced drought tolerance and enhanced growth, and protected 85% - 100% against disease caused by certain pathogenic fungi. We propose: 1) utilizing path-1 and additional endophtyic microorganisms to be isolated from stress-tolerant local, wild cucurbit watermelon, Citrulluscolocynthis, growing in the Dead Sea and Arava desert areas, 2) generate abiotic and biotic tolerant melon crop plants, colonized by the isolated endophytes, to increase crop yields under extreme environmental conditions such as salinity, heat and drought stress, 3) manage soilborne fungal pathogens affecting curubit crop species growing in the desert areas. This is a unique and novel "systems" approach that has the potential to utilize natural plant adaptation for agricultural development. We envisage that endophyte-colonized melons will eventually be used to overcome damages caused by soilborne diseases and also for cultivation of this crop, under stress conditions, utilizing treated waste water, thus dealing with the limited resource of fresh water.
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Thompson, Joseph. How WASH Programming has Adapted to the COVID-19 Pandemic. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), grudzień 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/slh.2021.001.
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Since first appearing at the end of 2019, the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has spread at a pace and scale not seen before. On 11 March 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared COVID-19 a pandemic. A rapid response was called for, and actors across the globe worked quickly to develop sets of preventative measures to contain the disease. One mode of transmission identified early on in the crisis was via surfaces and objects (fomites) (Howard et al. 2020). To combat this, hand hygiene was put forward as a key preventative measure and heralded as ‘the first line of defence against the disease’ (World Bank 2020). What followed was an unprecedented global focus on handwashing with soap. Health messages on how germs spread, the critical times at which hands should be washed, and methods for correct handwashing were shared (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 2020). Political leaders around the world promoted handwashing and urged people to adopt the practice to protect against the coronavirus. The primary and secondary impacts of COVID-19 have affected people and industries in a variety of different ways. For the WASH sector, the centring of handwashing in the pandemic response has led to a sudden spike in hygiene activity. This SLH Rapid Topic Review takes stock of some of the cross-cutting challenges the sector has been facing during this period and explores the adaptations that have been made in response. It then looks forwards, thinking through what lies ahead for the sector, and considers the learning priorities for the next steps.
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Thompson, Joseph. How WASH Programming has Adapted to the COVID-19 Pandemic. The Sanitation Learning Hub, Institute of Development Studies, grudzień 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/slh.2021.0015.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Since first appearing at the end of 2019, the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has spread at a pace and scale not seen before. On 11 March 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared COVID-19 a pandemic. A rapid response was called for, and actors across the globe worked quickly to develop sets of preventative measures to contain the disease. One mode of transmission identified early on in the crisis was via surfaces and objects (fomites) (Howard et al. 2020). To combat this, hand hygiene was put forward as a key preventative measure and heralded as ‘the first line of defence against the disease’ (World Bank 2020). What followed was an unprecedented global focus on handwashing with soap. Health messages on how germs spread, the critical times at which hands should be washed, and methods for correct handwashing were shared (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 2020). Political leaders around the world promoted handwashing and urged people to adopt the practice to protect against the coronavirus. The primary and secondary impacts of COVID-19 have affected people and industries in a variety of different ways. For the WASH sector, the centring of handwashing in the pandemic response has led to a sudden spike in hygiene activity. This SLH Rapid Topic Review takes stock of some of the cross-cutting challenges the sector has been facing during this period and explores the adaptations that have been made in response. It then looks forwards, thinking through what lies ahead for the sector, and considers the learning priorities for the next steps.
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Schuster, Gadi, i David Stern. Integration of phosphorus and chloroplast mRNA metabolism through regulated ribonucleases. United States Department of Agriculture, sierpień 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2008.7695859.bard.
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New potential for engineering chloroplasts to express novel traits has stimulated research into relevant techniques and genetic processes, including plastid transformation and gene regulation. This proposal continued our long time BARD-funded collaboration research into mechanisms that influence chloroplast RNA accumulation, and thus gene expression. Previous work on cpRNA catabolism has elucidated a pathway initiated by endonucleolytic cleavage, followed by polyadenylation and exonucleolytic degradation. A major player in this process is the nucleus-encoded exoribonuclease/polymerasepolynucleotidephoshorylase (PNPase). Biochemical characterization of PNPase has revealed a modular structure that controls its RNA synthesis and degradation activities, which in turn are responsive to the phosphate (P) concentration. However, the in vivo roles and regulation of these opposing activities are poorly understood. The objectives of this project were to define how PNPase is controlled by P and nucleotides, using in vitro assays; To make use of both null and site-directed mutations in the PNPgene to study why PNPase appears to be required for photosynthesis; and to analyze plants defective in P sensing for effects on chloroplast gene expression, to address one aspect of how adaptation is integrated throughout the organism. Our new data show that P deprivation reduces cpRNA decay rates in vivo in a PNPasedependent manner, suggesting that PNPase is part of an organismal P limitation response chain that includes the chloroplast. As an essential component of macromolecules, P availability often limits plant growth, and particularly impacts photosynthesis. Although plants have evolved sophisticated scavenging mechanisms these have yet to be exploited, hence P is the most important fertilizer input for crop plants. cpRNA metabolism was found to be regulated by P concentrations through a global sensing pathway in which PNPase is a central player. In addition several additional discoveries were revealed during the course of this research program. The human mitochondria PNPase was explored and a possible role in maintaining mitochondria homeostasis was outlined. As polyadenylation was found to be a common mechanism that is present in almost all organisms, the few examples of organisms that metabolize RNA with no polyadenylation were analyzed and described. Our experiment shaded new insights into how nutrient stress signals affect yield by influencing photosynthesis and other chloroplast processes, suggesting strategies for improving agriculturally-important plants or plants with novel introduced traits. Our studies illuminated the poorly understood linkage of chloroplast gene expression to environmental influences other than light quality and quantity. Finely, our finding significantly advanced the knowledge about polyadenylation of RNA, the evolution of this process and its function in different organisms including bacteria, archaea, chloroplasts, mitochondria and the eukaryotic cell. These new insights into chloroplast gene regulation will ultimately support plant improvement for agriculture
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Tuller, Markus, Asher Bar-Tal, Hadar Heller i Michal Amichai. Optimization of advanced greenhouse substrates based on physicochemical characterization, numerical simulations, and tomato growth experiments. United States Department of Agriculture, styczeń 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2014.7600009.bard.
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Over the last decade there has been a dramatic shift in global agricultural practice. The increase in human population, especially in underdeveloped arid and semiarid regions of the world, poses unprecedented challenges to production of an adequate and economically feasible food supply to undernourished populations. Furthermore, the increased living standard in many industrial countries has created a strong demand for high-quality, out-of-season vegetables and fruits as well as for ornamentals such as cut and potted flowers and bedding plants. As a response to these imminent challenges and demands and because of a ban on methyl bromide fumigation of horticultural field soils, soilless greenhouse production systems are regaining increased worldwide attention. Though there is considerable recent empirical and theoretical research devoted to specific issues related to control and management of soilless culture production systems, a comprehensive approach that quantitatively considers all relevant physicochemical processes within the growth substrates is lacking. Moreover, it is common practice to treat soilless growth systems as static, ignoring dynamic changes of important physicochemical and hydraulic properties due to root and microbial growth that require adaptation of management practices throughout the growth period. To overcome these shortcomings, the objectives of this project were to apply thorough physicochemical characterization of commonly used greenhouse substrates in conjunction with state-of-the-art numerical modeling (HYDRUS-3D, PARSWMS) to not only optimize management practices (i.e., irrigation frequency and rates, fertigation, container size and geometry, etc.), but to also “engineer” optimal substrates by mixing organic (e.g., coconut coir) and inorganic (e.g., perlite, pumice, etc.) base substrates and modifying relevant parameters such as the particle (aggregate) size distribution. To evaluate the proposed approach under commercial production conditions, characterization and modeling efforts were accompanied by greenhouse experiments with tomatoes. The project not only yielded novel insights regarding favorable physicochemical properties of advanced greenhouse substrates, but also provided critically needed tools for control and management of containerized soilless production systems to provide a stress-free rhizosphere environment for optimal yields, while conserving valuable production resources. Numerical modeling results provided a more scientifically sound basis for the design of commercial greenhouse production trials and selection of adequate plant-specific substrates, thereby alleviating the risk of costly mistrials.
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Sela, Hanan, Eduard Akhunov i Brian J. Steffenson. Population genomics, linkage disequilibrium and association mapping of stripe rust resistance genes in wild emmer wheat, Triticum turgidum ssp. dicoccoides. United States Department of Agriculture, styczeń 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2014.7598170.bard.
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The primary goals of this project were: (1) development of a genetically characterized association panel of wild emmer for high resolution analysis of the genetic basis of complex traits; (2) characterization and mapping of genes and QTL for seedling and adult plant resistance to stripe rust in wild emmer populations; (3) characterization of LD patterns along wild emmer chromosomes; (4) elucidation of the multi-locus genetic structure of wild emmer populations and its correlation with geo-climatic variables at the collection sites. Introduction In recent years, Stripe (yellow) rust (Yr) caused by Pucciniastriiformis f. sp. tritici(PST) has become a major threat to wheat crops in many parts of the world. New races have overcome most of the known resistances. It is essential, therefore, that the search for new genes will continue, followed by their mapping by molecular markers and introgression into the elite varieties by marker-assisted selection (MAS). The reservoir of genes for disease and pest resistance in wild emmer wheat (Triticumdicoccoides) is an important resource that must be made available to wheat breeders. The majority of resistance genes that were introgressed so far in cultivated wheat are resistance (R) genes. These genes, though confering near-immunity from the seedling stage, are often overcome by the pathogen in a short period after being deployed over vast production areas. On the other hand, adult-plant resistance (APR) is usually more durable since it is, in many cases, polygenic and confers partial resistance that may put less selective pressure on the pathogen. In this project, we have screened a collection of 480 wild emmer accessions originating from Israel for APR and seedling resistance to PST. Seedling resistance was tested against one Israeli and 3 North American PST isolates. APR was tested on accessions that did not have seedling resistance. The APR screen was conducted in two fields in Israel and in one field in the USA over 3 years for a total of 11 replicates. We have found about 20 accessions that have moderate stripe rust APR with infection type (IT<5), and about 20 additional accessions that have novel seedling resistance (IT<3). We have genotyped the collection using genotyping by sequencing (GBS) and the 90K SNP chip array. GBS yielded a total 341K SNP that were filtered to 150K informative SNP. The 90K assay resulted in 11K informative SNP. We have conducted a genome-wide association scan (GWAS) and found one significant locus on 6BL ( -log p >5). Two novel loci were found for seedling resistance. Further investigation of the 6BL locus and the effect of Yr36 showed that the 6BL locus and the Yr36 have additive effect and that the presence of favorable alleles of both loci results in reduction of 2 grades in the IT score. To identify alleles conferring adaption to extreme climatic conditions, we have associated the patterns of genomic variation in wild emmer with historic climate data from the accessions’ collection sites. The analysis of population stratification revealed four genetically distinct groups of wild emmer accessions coinciding with their geographic distribution. Partitioning of genomic variance showed that geographic location and climate together explain 43% of SNPs among emmer accessions with 19% of SNPs affected by climatic factors. The top three bioclimatic factors driving SNP distribution were temperature seasonality, precipitation seasonality, and isothermality. Association mapping approaches revealed 57 SNPs associated with these bio-climatic variables. Out of 21 unique genomic regions controlling heading date variation, 10 (~50%) overlapped with SNPs showing significant association with at least one of the three bioclimatic variables. This result suggests that a substantial part of the genomic variation associated with local adaptation in wild emmer is driven by selection acting on loci regulating flowering. Conclusions: Wild emmer can serve as a good source for novel APR and seedling R genes for stripe rust resistance. APR for stripe rust is a complex trait conferred by several loci that may have an additive effect. GWAS is feasible in the wild emmer population, however, its detection power is limited. A panel of wild emmer tagged with more than 150K SNP is available for further GWAS of important traits. The insights gained by the bioclimatic-gentic associations should be taken into consideration when planning conservation strategies.
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Choudhary, Ruplal, Victor Rodov, Punit Kohli, Elena Poverenov, John Haddock i Moshe Shemesh. Antimicrobial functionalized nanoparticles for enhancing food safety and quality. United States Department of Agriculture, styczeń 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2013.7598156.bard.
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Original objectives The general goal of the project was to utilize the bactericidal potential of curcumin- functionalizednanostructures (CFN) for reinforcement of food safety by developing active antimicrobial food-contact surfaces. In order to reach the goal, the following secondary tasks were pursued: (a) further enhancement of the CFN activity based on understanding their mode of action; (b) preparing efficient antimicrobial surfaces, investigating and optimizing their performance; (c) testing the efficacy of the antimicrobial surfaces in real food trials. Background to the topic The project dealt with reducing microbial food spoilage and safety hazards. Cross-contamination through food-contact surfaces is one of the major safety concerns, aggravated by bacterial biofilm formation. The project implemented nanotech methods to develop novel antimicrobial food-contact materials based on natural compounds. Food-grade phenylpropanoidcurcumin was chosen as the most promising active principle for this research. Major conclusions, solutions, achievements In agreement with the original plan, the following research tasks were performed. Optimization of particles structure and composition. Three types of curcumin-functionalizednanostructures were developed and tested: liposome-type polydiacetylenenanovesicles, surface- stabilized nanoparticles and methyl-β-cyclodextrin inclusion complexes (MBCD). The three types had similar minimal inhibitory concentration but different mode of action. Nanovesicles and inclusion complexes were bactericidal while the nanoparticlesbacteriostatic. The difference might be due to different paths of curcumin penetration into bacterial cell. Enhancing the antimicrobial efficacy of CFN by photosensitization. Light exposure strengthened the bactericidal efficacy of curcumin-MBCD inclusion complexes approximately three-fold and enhanced the bacterial death on curcumin-coated plastic surfaces. Investigating the mode of action of CFN. Toxicoproteomic study revealed oxidative stress in curcumin-treated cells of E. coli. In the dark, this effect was alleviated by cellular adaptive responses. Under light, the enhanced ROS burst overrode the cellular adaptive mechanisms, disrupted the iron metabolism and synthesis of Fe-S clusters, eventually leading to cell death. Developing industrially-feasible methods of binding CFN to food-contact surfaces. CFN binding methods were developed for various substrates: covalent binding (binding nanovesicles to glass, plastic and metal), sonochemical impregnation (binding nanoparticles to plastics) and electrostatic layer-by-layer coating (binding inclusion complexes to glass and plastics). Investigating the performance of CFN-coated surfaces. Flexible and rigid plastic materials and glass coated with CFN demonstrated bactericidal activity towards Gram-negative (E. coli) and Gram-positive (Bac. cereus) bacteria. In addition, CFN-impregnated plastic material inhibited bacterial attachment and biofilm development. Testing the efficacy of CFN in food preservation trials. Efficient cold pasteurization of tender coconut water inoculated with E. coli and Listeriamonocytogeneswas performed by circulation through a column filled with CFN-coated glass beads. Combination of curcumin coating with blue light prevented bacterial cross contamination of fresh-cut melons through plastic surfaces contaminated with E. coli or Bac. licheniformis. Furthermore, coating of strawberries with CFN reduced fruit spoilage during simulated transportation extending the shelf life by 2-3 days. Implications, both scientific and agricultural BARD Report - Project4680 Page 2 of 17 Antimicrobial food-contact nanomaterials based on natural active principles will preserve food quality and ensure safety. Understanding mode of antimicrobial action of curcumin will allow enhancing its dark efficacy, e.g. by targeting the microbial cellular adaptation mechanisms.