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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat "Novel Separation technique of Hydrocarbons"
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Zhang, Ru Ping, Qiu Lan Yuan, Ke Hua Chen i Li Fang He. "Constant-Wavelength Synchronous Fluorescence Spectrometry for the Determination of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Water Samples". Advanced Materials Research 490-495 (marzec 2012): 3202–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.490-495.3202.
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To establish a fast analytical method for simultaneous identification of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Water, a novel method of constant-wavelength synchronous fluorescence was proposed to the simultaneous determination of different PAHs in a mixture of 6 components. Combing the technique with a system that allowed a crude sample separation based on optimum conditions, detection conditions provided increased selectivity and sample information, and 6 PAHs could be identified and quantified by the corresponding synchronous spectra. The linear response of this method was in the range of 0~1000ng/mL (r≥0.9965), the relative standard deviations (RSD) were in the range of 0.24%~1.48% (n = 6). The detection limits were in the range of 0.028-3.45ng/mL. By using this method, real samples were determined directly and good results were obtained with the recoveries of 66.3%-103.9%, 73.9%-100.3% for spiked river samples
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Li, Zhansheng, Ben Zhang, Lianxu Qu, Jizhong Ren i Yang Li. "A novel atmospheric dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma graft-filling technique to fabricate the composite membranes for pervaporation of aromatic/aliphatic hydrocarbons". Journal of Membrane Science 371, nr 1-2 (kwiecień 2011): 163–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.memsci.2011.01.035.
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Kopac, Turkan. "Research Progress on Process-Intensified Water Treatment Applications". Separations 9, nr 11 (7.11.2022): 353. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/separations9110353.
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Process intensification (PI) is aimed towards essentially smaller, cleaner, safer, energy-efficient sustainable technologies involving the application of a number of strategies, including reducing the number of devices, miniaturization, process integration, improving mass and heat transfer, novel energy and separation techniques and combined optimization and control methodologies. Over the recent years, PI has attracted attention in the domain of aqueous medium adsorptive separations and wastewater treatment as well. Thus far, a limited number of investigations have appeared in the literature; in addition, there is yet a lack of published methods to follow the intensified solutions for processes in wastewater treatment. In this connection, this article aims to present an overview of the recent applications and advances in process-intensified decolorization of dyes; removal of aromatic hydrocarbons from wastewaters; and recovery of proteins, heavy metals and rare earth elements from aqueous media. Selected applications have been identified in terms of the PI techniques, and the corresponding process improvements have been discussed for a variety of examples with the aim of contributing to the future progress of applications. It has been confirmed that considerable process improvements could be possible, such as intensified process efficiency, improved adsorption and separation performance, and minimized sorbent requirement and processing time. Even though there have been considerable developments in the field, there is still a need for further developments for the enhancement of the technologies in adsorption wastewater treatment using a systems approach.
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Torasso, Nicolás, Paula González-Seligra, Federico Trupp, Diana Grondona i Silvia Goyanes. "Turning a Novel Janus Electrospun Mat into an Amphiphilic Membrane with High Aromatic Hydrocarbon Adsorption Capacity". Colloids and Interfaces 6, nr 4 (4.11.2022): 66. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/colloids6040066.
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Aromatic hydrocarbons in water is one of the collateral effects of the petrochemical industry and represents a serious problem both for their toxicity and environmental contamination. In this work, an innovative amphiphilic membrane was developed capable of rapidly removing hydrocarbons (such as BTEX) present in water under the solubility limit. Firstly, a Janus nanostructured membrane was developed from the deposition of superhydrophobic carbonaceous nanoparticles (CNPs) synthesized by radiofrequency plasma polymerization on a hydrophilic electrospun poly(vinyl alcohol) mat. Secondly, this membrane was turned amphiphilic by UV exposure, allowing water to pass through. The surface properties of the membranes were studied through SEM, contact angle, and FTIR analysis. Dead-end experiments showed that the toluene and xylene selective sorption capacity reached the outstanding adsorption capacity of 647 mg/g and 666 mg/g, respectively, and that the membrane could be reused three times without efficiency loss. Furthermore, swelling of the PVA fibers prevented the liberation of NPs. The selective sorption capacity of the UV-exposed CNPs was explained by studying the interfacial energy relations between the materials at play. This work provides a simple, low-cost, and scalable technique to develop membranes with great potential for water remediation, including the removal of volatile organic compounds from produced water, as well as separating oil-in-water emulsions.
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Mahdavi Doost, Fatemeh, Mohammad Mehdi Emamjome, Hamze Ali Jamali i Hamid Karyab. "Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons from Bottled Water: A New Automated Solid Phase Extraction Method and Simulation of Cancer Risk". Avicenna Journal of Environmental Health Engineering 9, nr 1 (29.06.2022): 62–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.34172/ajehe.2022.08.
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Considering the adverse effects of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) on human health and the complexity of their detection in water resources, this study was developed to assess the performance of a new automated device for the identification of PAHs in water based on the solid-phase extraction and to simulate the cancer risk of 16 priority PAHs by Monte Carlo technique. All operational modes of extraction were automatically performed using the proprietary software program. Three spiked aliquots of PAHs including 100, 500, and 1000 ng/L were used to evaluate the performance of the automated-solid phase extraction (SPE) apparatus. The time of extraction in the automatic-SPE apparatus was 50±4 minutes for simultaneous extraction of 4 water samples, which was four times faster than that of manual-SPE apparatus. The mean recoveries of PAHs were 89.22±4.94, 91.70±4.45, and 94.61±6.28% in spiked samples, with a mean of 91.84±5.22%. Except for naphthalene, all obtained recoveries were in an acceptable range (85-115%). The results of Monte Carlo simulation showed that the cancer risk attributable to eight detected PAHs including naphthalene, fluorene, phenanthrene (Phe), benzoanthracene, chrysene, benzo(k) fluoranthene, indeno(cd)pyrene, and dibenzo(a,h)anthracene ranged from 0.05E-6 to 0.11E-6, with the cancer risk of 0.012E-6 having the highest probability (P=0.82). Additionally, this simulation showed that 99% of the probability density of cancer risk was located within the range lower than 0.05E-6. Our results showed that the novel automated-SPE apparatus could be utilized for the extraction of PAHs from water resources with a good recovery (85%-115%), high operational speed, and potential for separation of solvents from the air in the drying step. Therefore, this device can be used for the extraction of trace PAHs and similar organic compounds from water resources.
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Dieringer, Paul, Falko Marx, Falah Alobaid, Jochen Ströhle i Bernd Epple. "Process Control Strategies in Chemical Looping Gasification—A Novel Process for the Production of Biofuels Allowing for Net Negative CO2 Emissions". Applied Sciences 10, nr 12 (22.06.2020): 4271. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10124271.
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Chemical looping gasification (CLG) is a novel gasification technique, allowing for the production of a nitrogen-free high calorific synthesis gas from solid hydrocarbon feedstocks, without requiring a costly air separation unit. Initial advances to better understand the CLG technology were made during first studies in lab and bench scale units and through basic process simulations. Yet, tailored process control strategies are required for larger CLG units, which are not equipped with auxiliary heating. Here, it becomes a demanding task to achieve autothermal CLG operation, for which stable reactor temperatures are obtained. This study presents two avenues to attain autothermal CLG behavior, established through equilibrium based process simulations. As a first approach, the dilution of active oxygen carrier materials with inert heat carriers to limit oxygen transport to the fuel reactor has been investigated. Secondly, the suitability of restricting the air flow to the air reactor in order to control the oxygen availability in the fuel reactor was examined. Process simulations show that both process control approaches facilitate controlled and de-coupled heat and oxygen transport between the two reactors of the chemical looping gasifier, thus allowing for efficient autothermal CLG operation. With the aim of inferring general guidelines on how CLG units have to be operated in order to achieve decent synthesis gas yields, different advantages and disadvantages associated to the two suggested process control strategies are discussed in detail and optimization avenues are presented.
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Roussis, Vassilios, Constantinos Vagias, Christina Tsitsimpikou i Nina Diamantopoulou. "Chemical Variability of the Volatile Metabolites from the Caribbean Corals of the Genus Gorgonia". Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C 55, nr 5-6 (1.06.2000): 431–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znc-2000-5-620.
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The chemical composition of the investigated gorgonians showed a high level of individual variation and the colonies, according to their major contributors, were assigned to 10 distinct chemical profiles, among which A , C, E , and G were them ost abundant ones. From the metabolites identified in the present study, either by means of GC /MS or using NMR techniques after conventional separation procedures, the novel cyclic ether 5,10-epoxymuurolane is found in significant quantities in D and I chemical profiles. Furanotriene, isofuranotriene and furanodiene could be referred as the most common metabolites of the genus, since they are found in 6 out of 10 chemical profiles. Isosericenine is, also, a significant contributor of H and I chemical profiles. A number of sesquiterpene hydrocarbons, such as curzerene, bicyclogermacrene, valencene, β-bourbonene and β -elemene, along with the oxygenated sesquiterpenes elemanolide and furoventalene, are present at varying concentrations in the majority of the chemical profiles. Metabolites of high discriminant value are: α-himachalene for the K chemical profile, α -santalene and its oxygenated derivatives for the G chemical profile and the three geometrical isomers of germacrone for the F chemical profile. Several chemical profiles show ed narrow geographic distribution. Most of the chemical profiles are located in the north, while F inhabits mainly southern sites and the others are equally distributed. Finally, 91 % of the chemical profiles of the gorgonian colonies appeared to grow in all depths, while 9 % did not inhabit deep -water environments. Most chemical profiles are less frequent at higher water depths with the exception of chemical profiles A and C.
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McKellar, Scott, Jorge Sotelo, John Mowat, Paul Wright i Stephen Moggach. "Perflourocarbon liquid under pressure: a medium for gas delivery". Acta Crystallographica Section A Foundations and Advances 70, a1 (5.08.2014): C160. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2053273314098398.
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Materials with applications in gas storage and separation are of enormous interest across many disciplines of science. This has been driven in large part by advances in carbon sequestration technologies in line with global government targets for cleaner energy and the reduction of carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. Potential applications in this field include the removal of CO2 from flue gas mixtures before it enters the atmosphere, for example. Porous metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are currently seen as one of the most promising types of materials for this purpose since they combine the desired features of high porosity, thermal stability and chemical versatility. Fundamental to such research is the requirement to optimise the quantity of gas that can be stored in the MOF. Evaluation of gas storage capacities is usually performed using time-consuming gravimetric or calorimetric analyses over a range of temperatures and pressures, and often requiring gram-scale quantites of material. Here, we present a novel method for gas delivery and calculation of gas storage capacity using a perflourocarbon (PFC) liquid. PFCs have long been recognised as useful due to their predisoposition for dissolving large volumes of gases such as CO2 and oxygen. They are chemically inert hydrocarbons in which the hydrogen atoms have been replaced with fluorine. We have used a PFC containing dissolved CO2 as a pressure-transmitting liquid in an in situ high-pressure single-crystal X-ray diffraction experiment. Application of industrially-achievable pressure within a diamond anvil cell causes the CO2 to be squeezed out of the liquid into a host crystal of a porous MOF as the system seeks to fill empty space and redistribute density upon contraction. Diffraction data from a crystal of Sc2BDC3 (BDC = 1,4-benzenedicarboxylate)[1] has allowed us to determine its maximum CO2 storage capacity, which is in perfect agreement with other methods. This result is the first of its kind and the technique has several notable advantages over other methods: it requires just one experimental step, can be performed at room temperature, and requires only one single crystal of solid material.
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Ilinitch, O. M., G. L. Semin, M. V. Chertova i K. I. Zamaraev. "Novel polymeric membranes for separation of hydrocarbons". Journal of Membrane Science 66, nr 1 (luty 1992): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0376-7388(92)80085-x.
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Stichlmair, J., J. Schmidt i R. Proplesch. "Electroextraction: A novel separation technique". Chemical Engineering Science 47, nr 12 (sierpień 1992): 3015–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0009-2509(92)87003-9.
Pełny tekst źródłaRozprawy doktorskie na temat "Novel Separation technique of Hydrocarbons"
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Antony, Abbin. "Novel technique for the separation of dolomite from phosphate rock". [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2009. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0041349.
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Sloan, Jeffrey Edward 1963. "Recycling isotachophoresis: A novel approach to preparative protein fractionation". Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/291469.
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Electrophoresis is a widely used analytical technique in the medical and biotechnology industries. It can provide for the determination of thousands of individual compounds on this small scale. The operating conditions are quite conducive to use with the delicate products of genetic engineering. Due to other complexities associated with scale-up, the process is not widely used on a large scale. A novel recycling electrophoretic instrument was investigated as a preparative protein separation device. The process occurs in a thin film of liquid between two flat plates, in a direction perpendicular to the flow. This device was unique in its use of a relatively high flowrate, and recycling of the process fluid as a method for increasing residence time. The apparatus was operated in three modes, isoelectric focusing (IEF), zone electrophoresis (ZE) and isotachophoresis (ITP). For use in the ITP mode, a computer was used for data acquisition and control functions. Model systems included monoclonal antibodies and lentil lectins.
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Burke, Thomas A. "Modification and Validation of a Novel Solid-Liquid Separation Technique Using a Microscreen and Capillary Belt System". Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1324052073.
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Shah, Karnik. "Retrieval of Cemented Monolithic Zirconia Single unit Implant Restoration Using Er:YSGG Laser: A Novel Non Sectionalized Separation Technique". The Ohio State University, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1469211037.
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De, Goede E. (Elana). "The development of a novel technique for AFM thermal analysis of individual phases in polymer mixtures after separation and identification via LC-FTIR". Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/53766.
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Thesis (MSc)--Stellenbosch University, 2004.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: In the ongomg search for better and faster ways to characterize complex polymer systems, it is often necessary to couple different analytical techniques in order to obtain information on more than one distributed property. In this study, the coupling of chromatography and spectroscopy to atomic force microscopy (AFM) was attempted for the first time, and thus the term "LC-FTIR-AFM" was coined. This new hyphenated technique combines the separation power of liquid chromatography (LC) and the ability of infrared spectroscopy (IR) to identify almost any organic compound, with the AFM's ability to be used for thermal analysis of individual phases in polymer mixtures. The first two steps of this new technique comprise (i) the separation of compounds in a mixture via gradient polymer elution chromatography (GPEC) and (ii) the identification of each compound by means of LC-FTIR analysis. In the final step, LC-FTIR analysis is coupled to AFM through the use of the LC-FTIR interface. A number of polymer mixtures were analysed by means of the novel technique that was developed, in order to establish its validity and value as a characterization technique of the future. The influence of fllm thickness and molar mass on the thermal parameters of individual components in mixtures, measured by this technique, were also investigated. This technique adds a new dimension to conventional thermal analysis methods, since it allows the thermal transitions of individual polymer phases in multiphase polymers to be resolved directly after separation and identification.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: In die voortdurende soektog na beter en vinniger maniere om komplekse polimeersisteme te karakteriseer, is dit soms nodig om verskillende analitiese tegnieke met mekaar te koppel ten einde inligting aangaande twee of meer verspreide eienskappe te bekom. Gedurende hierdie studie is daar gepoog om chromatografie en spektroskopie met atoominteraksie-mikroskopie (atomic force microscopy, AFM) te koppel. Gevolglik het die term "LC-FTIR-AFM" ontstaan. Hierdie nuwe koppelingstegniek kombineer die kragtige skeidingspotensiaal van vloeistofchromatografie en die vermoë van infrarooispektroskopie om byna enige organiese verbinding positief te identifiseer, met die atoominteraksie-mikroskoop se potensiaal om as 'n termiese analise metode vir individuele fases in polimeermengsels te dien. Die eerste twee stappe van die tegniek behels (i) die skeiding van verbindings in 'n mengsel deur middel van gradient-hoë-druk-vloeistofchromatografie en (ii) die identifisering van afsonderlike verbindings deur vloeistofchromatografie gekoppel aan infrarooispektroskopie. Gedurende die finale stap word vloeistofchromatografie en infrarooispektroskopie aan die atoominteraksie-mikroskoop gekoppel deur gebruik te maak van die LC-FTIR koppelingsapparaat. 'n Aantal polimeermengsels is geanaliseer deur die nuwe tegniek hierbo beskryf, ten einde die geldigheid en waarde daarvan as 'n analitiese metode vir die toekoms vas te stel. Die invloed van film diktes en molekulêre massa op die termiese oorgange van individuele komponente in mengsels, soos gemeet deur hierdie metode, is ook ondersoek. Hierdie tegniek voeg 'n nuwe dimensie tot konvensionele termiese analise metodes deurdat dit die bepaling van termiese oorgange van individuele polimeerfases III multifase polimere, direk na afloop van skeiding en identifikasie moontlik maak.
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Nag, Shubhadeep. "Novel and Fundamental Studies of Separation Methods Leading to Very High Degree of Separation of Molecular Mixtures and Related Studies". Thesis, 2021. https://etd.iisc.ac.in/handle/2005/5224.
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Separation of molecular mixtures will often require in chemistry, biology, physics and material science. Existing methods of separation can at best yield a separation factor of 10^4 . They also incur huge expenditure of energy. A new and novel method of separation is proposed in the thesis based on Levitation and Blowtorch effects. This method has been applied for the separation of the four different mixtures, (i) n-pentane-neopentane, (ii) 2,2-dimethyl butane-n-pentane, (iii) n-hexane-neopentane, and (iv) 2,2-dimethyl butane-n-pentane. The results based on Non-Equilibrium Monte Carlo simulations suggest that this method can yield very high separation factors (10^16) with very little consumption of energy. The experimental approach to be employed for the realization of separation is discussed. The changes to the potential energy landscape in the presence of a hot zone are discussed for (i) one-dimensional and three-dimensional systems, (ii) interacting and non-interacting systems, and (iii) hydrocarbons in zeolite system, and compared with Landauer’s suggestion. Extremely small diffusivity of monoatomic species in zeolite NaCaA as a function of diameter of diffusant has been computed with the help of Replica Exchange Transition Interface Sampling (RETIS) technique. Diffusion of a small solute in the body centered cubic lattice is seen to exhibit maxima as a function of the solute diameter. This observation explains the existence of solutes with high diffusivity (for example Co in γ-U and β-Zr, Cu in Pr, or Au in Th). A new potential as a function of Si/Al ratio for modelling zeolite Y and A has been proposed and shown to predict lattice parameter, bulk modulus, infrared spectra, etc in agreement with the experiment.Institute Scholarship (Ministry of Education, Govt. of India)
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Woo, Yunchul. "Design and fabrication of novel nanofiber membranes via electrospinning technique for membrane distillation". Thesis, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10453/120354.
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University of Technology Sydney. Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology.In recent decades, many regions of the world suffer from water scarcity, which is one of the most critical issues in the world. The aim of this study is the development of suitable electrospun nanofiber membranes for MD. This study mainly focuses on the newly-developed one-dimensional and two-dimensional nano-materials embedded nanofiber membranes, which suffer less wetting issue and have improved water vapor flux performance in MD. It also investigates a simple surface modification technique to generate anti-wetting property on the membrane surface. Overall, this author successfully fabricated several electrospun nanofiber membranes with enhanced water vapor flux and stable salt rejection performances for the treatment of seawater, seawater RO brine and CSG RO brine by MD applications. The fabricated electrospun nanofiber membranes exhibited better performances than the commercial PVDF membranes due to their suitable morphologies and characteristics for MD application. Thus, proper membranes were fabricated which led to enhanced membrane properties such as superhydrophobicity and anti-wetting property. And their MD performances have been compared with the ones in the previous reports. This study may therefore contribute to future MD researches regarding using electrospinning for the developments of a commercial electrospun nanofiber MD membrane.
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Martinez, Rachael Elizabeth. "A novel differential extraction technique utilizing multiple enzymes: developing separation of non-sperm and sperm fractions". Thesis, 2015. https://hdl.handle.net/2144/13994.
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Processing sexual assault samples is a difficult time consuming task for the forensic analyst. Samples tend to be a mixture of the victim’s epithelial cells and the male suspect’s sperm cells that need to be separated prior to extraction of Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA). Without separation of the two cell types, the DNA extract would result in an uninterpretable mixture. In 1985, Peter Gill and colleagues outlined a procedure known as preferential lysis that would aid in the separation of female and male cells from sexual assault samples. The basis of this procedure, commonly referred to as a differential extraction, utilizes differences in the packaging of DNA between the two cell types to preferentially lyse the female epithelial cells and leave the sperm intact. By pelleting the sperm and removing the supernatant (termed the Non-Sperm Fraction) the Sperm Fraction can now be extracted without the contaminating epithelial cells. This procedure has been widely implemented in forensic laboratories and is still being used today over 30 years later. However, there are certain conditions under which this procedure does not perform sufficiently including excess of female epithelial cells and low amounts of sperm. Unfortunately, both of these conditions are common among sexual assault samples. The procedure also is quite long, and with the backlog of sexual assault samples continually growing in the United States, there is a need for a new procedure that is faster and performs optimally under the previously mentioned conditions.
This research explores the use of two enzymes, EA1 (marketed by Zygem Corporation as ForensicGEM Saliva™) and Trypsin to separate the cells. Due to the inability of Zygem to cleave the disulfide bonds present in the sperm DNA packaging proteins, treatment of mixed samples with Zygem will lyse the epithelial cells and leave the sperm intact. The incubation time of Zygem is much faster than that of the Gill method and can be performed in one tube, minimizing the chances of DNA loss and contamination during transfers. Treatment of the pelleted Zygem extract with Trypsin effectively and rapidly lyses the sperm cells. Combining these methods into a differential extraction protocol has the potential to be a rapid, easily implemented procedure.
Results from the Zygem-Trypsin differential extraction method showed incomplete separation of the two fractions due to the incomplete lysis of the epithelial cells by Zygem. The resultant profiles did show a major male contribution with a minor female component, however these results are not sufficient enough for real casework. While further research and development of the protocol are necessary, the Zygem-Trypsin differential extractions performed here show the potential for a rapid, easy differential extraction procedure that could be easily implemented in any laboratory.2017-11-03T00:00:00Z
Książki na temat "Novel Separation technique of Hydrocarbons"
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Zee, Gerard van. Counter current sorption using fiber sorbents: A novel separation technique for water purification in power and space efficient equipment. Delft, Netherlands: Delft University Press, 1996.
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Koegler, Wendy S. Zone electric field gradient focusing: A novel technique for protein separation. 1994.
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Zee, Gerrard Van. Counter Current Sorption Using Fiber Sorbents: A Novel Separation Technique for Water Purification in Power & Space Efficient Equipment. Delft Univ Pr, 1996.
Znajdź pełny tekst źródłaCzęści książek na temat "Novel Separation technique of Hydrocarbons"
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Dhanke, P. B., i S. M. Wagh. "Degradation of vegetable oil refinery wastewater using hydrodynamic cavitation: A process intensification technique". W Novel Water Treatment and Separation Methods, 141–49. Toronto ; Waretown, NJ : Apple Academic Press, 2017. | "Outcome of national conference REACT- 16, organized by the Laxminarayan Institute of Technology, Nagpur, Maharashtr , India, in 2016"--Introduction. || Includes bibliographical references and index.: Apple Academic Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315225395-10.
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Mizumoto, Masayuki, Takeshi Ohgai i Akio Kagawa. "Novel Separation Technique of Particle Reinforced Metal Matrix Composites by Fused Deposition Method". W THERMEC 2006, 1028–32. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-428-6.1028.
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"Development of Novel Separation Technique of Phosphors Used in Fluorescent Lamps: Preliminary Studies". W Light Sources 2004 Proceedings of the 10th International Symposium on the Science and Technology of Light Sources, 627–28. CRC Press, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781482269178-232.
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Rosenberg, Erwin, Bernhard Klampfl i Robert D. Müller. "Perspective Chapter: Negative Thermal Gradient Gas Chromatography". W Novel Aspects of Gas Chromatography and Chemometrics [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.110591.
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Gas chromatography is typically operated in isothermal mode for optimum separation of a mixture of compounds with a narrow boiling point range, or in temperature-programmed mode, which strives to achieve a compromise between separation efficiency and time. Temperature gradients also keep the peak widths nearly constant over a wide range of retention times, enhancing the detectability of the later eluting peaks. In this chapter, the use of negative thermal gradients for gas chromatography (NTGGC) – for the sake of simplicity, subsequently only denoted as thermal gradient-gas chromatography, TGGC – shall be discussed. (N)TGGC is achieved by producing a stationary temperature gradient along the relatively short GC column in a proprietary experimental setup that allows cooling on one end of the column and heating on the other. The sample is injected into the hot end of the GC column, and analytes move towards the colder end of the column. Along their passage through the column, they are focused by the increasingly lower temperature of the stationary phase. This leads to a focusing of the peaks as they reach the cold column end. With appropriate temperature programming, very fast (sub-minute) chromatography with excellent resolution can be achieved on short GC columns. The present contribution will both discuss the theory behind this unusual, but highly performant mode of gas chromatographic separation, and also the hardware aspects of this technique. Relevant examples will be presented which highlight both the speed and the separation power by which (N)TGGC excels in comparison with regular temperature-programmed GC.
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Pacheco, Pablo Hugo. "Speciation of Organic and Inorganic Selenium in Food and the Environment". W Chalcogen Chemistry: Fundamentals and Applications, 666–82. The Royal Society of Chemistry, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/bk9781839167386-00666.
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Selenium is an essential element for humans. Selenium integrates proteins with antioxidant activity in the organism. Selenium enters the body mainly through the diet. Selenium presence in food depends on it is cycle in the environment. It is absorbed by plants from soil, and it is biomagnified through the food chain. Selenium distribution in the environment depends on its chemical specie. In addition selenium bioavailability in food is higher for organic species, like seleno-amino acids, rather than inorganic forms. Determination of specific seleno-species requires speciation analysis. Speciation analysis involves the coupling of a separation technique to a selenium detector. The separation techniques involved in speciation analysis are chromatographic procedures. The chromatographic mode employed depends on the selenium specie to be separated. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP MS) is the preferred detector according to its sensibility and easy coupling. In recent years novel seleno-species have been described, like selenium-nanoparticles and selenized polysaccharides. Identification of novel seleno-species requires more selective and sensitive detectors like electrospray mass spectrometry (ESI MS).
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Bora, H. J. "Advanced Functional Membrane for CO2 Capture". W Advanced Functional Membranes, 267–314. Materials Research Forum LLC, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21741/9781644901816-9.
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The capture of carbon dioxide directly from the air has been shown a growing interest in the mitigation of greenhouse gases but remains controversial among the research community. Due to the high dilution factor of CO2 in air, simultaneously increases the energy requirement as well as the charge of the respective technology. Membrane/Thin film technology has been conceded as the most investigated as well as most appealing technology to attenuate carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. The membrane and membrane process technique are found to be alluring and eco-friendly to mitigate the carbon due to its cost efficiency, low expenditure of energy as well as comprehensibility in operation. Traditionally, the materials are cast into dense membranes with a standard thickness and after the formation of the membranes, their applications such as carbon capture/separation are evaluated by commutation between permeability and selectivity. In present scenario, efficient separation of CO2 from other gases has become a worldwide issue. Coal/Natural/Flue gases are evolving as the primary source of CO2, so the capture of CO2 from the mentioned sources are extensively contemplated as the next opportunity for the large-scale deployment of gas separation membranes. Although, current researches indicate the advances in material process designs that can crucially enhance the membrane capture systems as well as the separation systems, which make membrane process technique contentious with other technologies present till date for carbon capture. The aforementioned application requires novel polymeric materials which have the ability for efficient carbon capture and possesses high CO2 separation properties from different mixed gases, along with high mechanical and thermal stability for a longer time. Herein, the present report precisely highlights the recent advancement on the membrane technology based on the functional materials and their applications in the field of CO2 capture.
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Nounou, Mohamed N., Hazem N. Nounou i Muddu Madakyaru. "Multiscale Filtering and Applications to Chemical and Biological Systems". W Handbook of Research on Novel Soft Computing Intelligent Algorithms, 749–86. IGI Global, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-4450-2.ch025.
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Measured process data are a valuable source of information about the processes they are collected from. Unfortunately, measurements are usually contaminated with errors that mask the important features in the data and degrade the quality of any related operation. Wavelet-based multiscale filtering is known to provide effective noise-feature separation. Here, the effectiveness of multiscale filtering over conventional low pass filters is illustrated though their application to chemical and biological systems. For biological systems, various online and batch multiscale filtering techniques are used to enhance the quality of metabolic and copy number data. Dynamic metabolic data are usually used to develop genetic regulatory network models that can describe the interactions among different genes inside the cell in order to design intervention techniques to cure/manage certain diseases. Copy number data, however, are usually used in the diagnosis of diseases by determining the locations and extent of variations in DNA sequences. Two case studies are presented, one involving simulated metabolic data and the other using real copy number data. For chemical processes it is shown that multiscale filtering can greatly enhance the prediction accuracy of inferential models, which are commonly used to estimate key process variables that are hard to measure. In this chapter, we present a multiscale inferential modeling technique that integrates the advantages of latent variable regression methods with the advantages of multiscale filtering, and is called Integrated Multiscale Latent Variable Regression (IMSLVR). IMSLVR performance is illustrated via a case study using synthetic data and another using simulated distillation column data.
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M. K., Dharani, Niha Kamal Basha i Christo Ananth. "Pattern Recognition, Imaging Models, and Artificial Intelligence". W Stochastic Processes and Their Applications in Artificial Intelligence, 93–120. IGI Global, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-6684-7679-6.ch008.
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Machine learning and deep learning techniques are always compressed, convergence models. The most appropriate optimization would be the gradient descent, which is capable of finding the best solution with minimal cost. This algorithm can also be used with convolution neural network for better performance. Here a research work proposes a novel automatic image segmentation technique to discriminate between normal and acute lymphoblastic leukemia on bone marrow samples and has been done with the proposed GD_CNN. This method consists of background extraction and RBC separation. In the next stage, the median filtering and morphology technique is used to remove the noise and outliers. An improved GD_CNN model is used to classify normal or abnormal bone marrow samples. This proposed work is implemented using MATLAB 10.0 tool and tested on the bone marrow samples taken from ALL-IDB (Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Image Database for image processing) database. The proposed model provides high-quality classification accuracy to identify acute lymphoblastic leukemia.
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Maniatis, Andreas, Panos Vassiliadis, Spiros Skiadopoulos, Yannis Vassiliou, George Mavrogonatos i Ilias Michalarias. "A Presentation Model & Non-Traditional Visualization for OLAP". W Data Warehousing and Mining, 1004–36. IGI Global, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-59904-951-9.ch058.
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Data visualization is one of the major issues of database research. OLAP a decision support technology, is clearly in the center of this effort. Thus far, visualization has not been incorporated in the abstraction levels of DBMS architecture (conceptual, logical, physical); neither has it been formally treated in this context. In this paper we start by reconsidering the separation of the aforementioned abstraction levels to take visualization into consideration. Then, we present the Cube Presentation Model (CPM), a novel presentational model for OLAP screens. The proposal lies on the fundamental idea of separating the logical part of a data cube computation from the presentational part of the client tool. Then, CPM can be naturally mapped on the Table Lens, which is an advanced visualization technique from the Human-Computer Interaction area, particularly tailored for cross-tab reports. Based on the particularities of Table Lens, we propose automated proactive support to the user for the interaction with an OLAP screen. Finally, we discuss implementation and usage issues in the context of an academic prototype system (CubeView) that we have implemented.
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He, Guang S. "Multiphoton Dissociation of Molecules". W Laser Stimulated Scattering and Multiphoton Excitation, 478–522. Oxford University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192895615.003.0014.
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In multiphoton excitation, when the multiphoton energy is greater than a certain dissociation energy, the corresponding chemical bond is broken, resulting in molecular dissociation. If one of the intermediate-state levels associated with the multiphoton transitions is close to or overlapped with one of the molecular vibrational energy levels, it enhances the resonation of the dissociation process. In principle, the m-photon-induced dissociation products are proportional to the mth power of the incident laser intensity, provided that the multiple-photon absorption process is not yet saturated. Proof appears when the incident laser beam(s) is (are) in the visible and UV wavelength range. On the other hand, when the incident light wavelength is in the mid-IR (e.g. ~ 10-μm) range, more than 20–30-photon absorption is needed to break a chemical bond for a given molecule. In such a case, the real multiphoton excitation processes may be more complicated, and the measured dependence of the dissociation products on the incident light intensity may deviate from the simple mth-power law. Multiphoton dissociation (MPD) now exists as a novel technique for molecular spectroscopy and isotope-separation studies.
Streszczenia konferencji na temat "Novel Separation technique of Hydrocarbons"
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Ow, Hooisweng, Sehoon Chang, Gawain Thomas, Wei Wang, Afnan A. Mashat i Hussein Shateeb. "Automatable High Sensitivity Tracer Detection: Toward Tracer Data Enriched Production Management of Hydrocarbon Reservoirs". W SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/206338-ms.
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Abstract The development of automatable high sensitivity analytical methods for tracer detection has been one of the most central challenges to realize ubiquitous full-field tracer deployment to study reservoirs with many cross-communicating injector and producer wells. Herein we report a tracer analysis approach, inspired by strategies commonly utilized in the biotechnology industry, that directly addresses key limitations in process throughput, detection sensitivity and automation potential of state-of-the-art technologies. A two-dimensional high performance liquid chromatography (2D-HPLC) method was developed for the rapid fluorescence detection and simultaneous identification of a class of novel barcoded tracers in produced water down to ultra-trace concentration ranges (<1ppb), matching the sensitivity of tracer technologies currently used in the oil industry. The sample preparation process throughput was significantly intensified by judicious adaptations of off-the-shelf biopharma automation solutions. The optical detection sensitivity was further improved by the time-resolved luminescence of the novel tracer materials that allows the negation of residual background signals from the produced water. To showcase the potential, we applied this powerful separation and detection methodology to analyze field samples from two recent field validations of a novel class of optically detectable tracers, in which two novel tracers were injected along with a benchmarking conventional fluorobenzoic acid (FBA)-based tracer. The enhanced resolving power of the 2D chromatographic separation drastically suppressed the background signal, enabling the optical detection of a tracer species injected at 10x lower concentration. Further, we orthogonally confirmed the detection of this tracer species by the industry standard high-resolution accurate mass spectrometry (HRAM) technique, demonstrating comparable limits of detection. Tracer detection profile indicated that the transport behavior of the novel optical tracers through highly saline and retentive reservoir was similar to that of FBAs, validating the performance of this new class of tracers. Promising steps toward complete automation of the tracer separation and detection procedure have drastically reduced manual interventions and decreased the analysis cycle time, laying solid foundation to full-field deployment of tracers for better reservoir characterizations to inform decisions on production optimization. This paper outlines the automatable tracer detection methodology that has been developed for robustness and simplicity, so that efficient utilization of the resultant high-resolution tracer data can be applied toward improving production strategy via intelligent and active rate adjustments.
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Abbas, Muhammad, i Omar Naeem. "Forecasting Energy Demand and CO2 Emissions for Crude Extraction and Separation Using Machine Learning". W International Petroleum Technology Conference. IPTC, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.2523/iptc-22801-ms.
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Abstract With the drop of oil reservoirs’ natural pressure, and injection of higher amounts of water, predicting energy consumption required to extract multiphase hydrocarbon product, and separate it into crude, gas, and water has become a challenging and more dynamic problem. This paper discusses a detailed technique to forecast energy demand for water injection and Gas-Oil Separation Plant (GOSP). Key elements of the method include identifying the energy, products, and feed streams, along with other parameters impacting the energy demand. The relationships among all independent and dependent variables are identified, along with the consideration of ambient conditions and equipment operating efficiencies. Machine Learning (ML) algorithms are then applied, using available industry software, to build and improve these relationships using the historical data. The best-fit forecast models, also called champion models, are selected that provide the least variance from actual data. These models can be updated, using the software, as the new data is received and variance between predicted and actual energy increases. The forecasted energy demand is converted to CO2 emissions using the conversion factors for fuel gas and power. The forecasting results and underlying process can be converted into dashboards for visualization and utilization by the users of operating plants. The method described in the paper is novel and first of a kind for predicting energy demand and CO2 emissions for a GOSP considering increases in water cut and water-injection.
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Raghavan, Arvind, S. K. Lahiri i Amitava DasGupta. "Novel technique for submicron separation between metal lines". W ISMA '97 International Symposium on Microelectronics and Assembly, redaktorzy Soon Fatt Yoon, Raymond Yu i Chris A. Mack. SPIE, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.280542.
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Dutta, Prashanta, Keisuke Horiuchi, Huanchun Cui i Cornelius F. Ivory. "Multistage Isoelectric Focusing: A Novel On-Chip Bio-Separation Technique". W ASME 2005 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2005-79978.
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This experimental study reports a method to increase the resolving power of isoelectric focusing (IEF) on a polymeric microfluidic chip. Microfluidic chip is formed on poly-di-methyl siloxane (PDMS) using soft lithography and multilayer bonding technique. In this novel bioseparation technique, IEF is staged by first focusing protein species in a straight channel using broad-range ampholytes and then refocusing segments of that first channel into secondary channels that branch out from the first one. Experiments demonstrated that three fluorescent protein species within a segment of pH gradient in the first stage were refocused in the second stage with much higher resolution in a shallower pH gradient. A serially performed two-stage IEF was completed in less than 25 minutes under particularly small electric field strength up to 100 V/cm.
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Yamaoka, Atsushi, i Keiichi Yamaguchi. "A Novel Error Separation Technique for Quadrature Modulators and Demodulators". W 2007 IEEE Radio and Wireless Symposium. IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/rws.2007.351893.
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Radfar, M., R. Dansereau i A. Sayadiyan. "A Novel Low Complexity VQ-Based Single Channel Speech Separation Technique". W 2006 IEEE International Symposium on Signal Processing and Information Technology. IEEE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/isspit.2006.270866.
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Watmuff, Jonathan H. "A Novel Vibrating Ribbon Technique". W ASME 2005 Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2005-77323.
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A novel vibrating ribbon apparatus is described that is active over the full span of a wind tunnel test section. The spanwise uniformity of the vibration amplitude and other ribbon characteristics are considered in detail. The height of each end of the ribbon above the test plate can be adjusted in situ, while the ribbon is vibrating and with flow in the test section, thereby allowing the response of the layer to be easily tuned. The growth of the wave amplitude downstream of the ribbon is shown to agree with numerical predictions. However, two or three wavelengths of development are required before the wave amplitude follows the predicted growth. The flow around an inactive ribbon is examined using a commercial CFD solver and features such as a miniature separation bubble just downstream of the ribbon are revealed. The distance required for the mean flow to recover from the disturbance introduced by the ribbon is greater when the ribbon is located further from the wall. The mean flow recovers to form a boundary layer that is slightly thicker than the undisturbed flow. Experimental measurements indicate that the distance required for the wave motions to follow predicted behavior is about 4 or 5 times larger than distance for recovery of the mean flow.
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Rosianna, Ilsa, Heri Syaeful, Sugili Putra, Ersina Rakhma, I. Gde Sukadana, Eka Djatnika Nugraha, Hirofumi Tazoe i Naofumi Akata. "A novel uranium measurement using extraction chromatography separation technique in radioactive minerals exploration". W THE 9TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE INDONESIAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY ICICS 2021: Toward a Meaningful Society. AIP Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0104038.
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Funes-Gallanzi, M. "A Novel Fluids Research Technique: Three-State Anemometry". W ASME 1996 International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exhibition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/96-gt-305.
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A new flow measurement technique is described which allows for the non-intrusive simultaneous measurement of flow velocity, density, and viscosity. The viscosity information can be used to derive the flow field temperature. The combination of the three measured variables and the perfect-gas law then leads to an estimate of the flow field pressure. Thus, the instantaneous state of a flow field can be completely described. Three-State anemometry (3SA), a derivative of PIV, which uses a combination of three monodisperse sizes of styrene seeding particles is proposed. A marker seeding is chosen to follow the flow as closely as possible, while intermediate and large seeding populations provide two supplementary velocity fields, which are also dependent on fluid density and viscosity. A simplified particle motion equation, for turbomachinery applications, is then solved over the whole field to provide both density and viscosity data. The three velocity fields can be separated in a number of ways. The simplest and that proposed in this paper is to dye the different populations and look through interferometric filters at the region of interest. The two critical aspects needed to enable the implementation of such a technique are a suitable selection of the diameters of the particle populations, and the separation of the velocity fields. There has been extensive work on the seeding particle behaviour which allows an estimate of the suitable particle diameters to be made. A technique is described in this paper to allow the separation of μm range particle velocity fields through fluorescence (separation through intensity also being possible). Some preliminary results by computer simulations of a 3SA image are also presented. The particle sizes chosen were 1 μm and 5 μm tested on the near-wake flow past a cylinder to investigate viscosity only, assuming uniform flow density. The accuracy of the technique, derived from simulations of swirling flows, is estimated as 0.5% RMS for velocity, 2% RMS for the density and viscosity, and 4% RMS for the temperature estimate.
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Mazumdar, Dipanjan, Akhilesh Kumar Singh i Raj Kishore. "HDD by Intersection Technique (Case Study): A Novel Approach". W ASME 2021 India Oil and Gas Pipeline Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/iogpc2021-61921.
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Abstract Horizontal Directional Drilling (HDD) is a trenchless construction technique used extensively in the installation of pipeline carrying hydrocarbons, water, sewage, cables etc., across obstructions where conventional trench and lay method or jacking-boring method cannot be suitably applied. HDD technique also minimises the impact of installation activities in densely populated and ecologically sensitive areas. HDD technique, however, has its inherent shortcomings which render it unsuitable in many real-world scenarios. The torque available at the mud-motor for driving and steering of the drill is fairly reduced for long length crossings. Also, maintaining the directional control of the drill bit becomes increasingly difficult for such long crossings. These shortcomings can be overcome using “Intersect Technique” by utilising electromagnetic steering technology for precise real-time tracking, wherein pilot holes are drilled from both ends using two separate drilling arrangements. On reaching the predefined intersection range, a virtual handshake between the drill bits is achieved. Thereafter, the primary rig continues the bore to the end of the design path to reach at the secondary rig side. The present case study discusses at length the execution of HDD crossing of 18”- 2523 metre multi-product pipeline alongwith 6” CS conduit for OFC of M/s BPCL across the Thane-Vashi Creek in Mumbai, India. The length of the crossing combined with the presence of numerous pipelines of various operators made the execution of this pipeline crossing by “Intersection Technique” as the most suitable methodology. The pipeline was laid at an average depth of 15 m below the lowest creek bed level in geology which primarily included weathered basalt rock. The pilot hole for the crossing was completed utilising ParaTrack® drilling guidance and tracking system.
Raporty organizacyjne na temat "Novel Separation technique of Hydrocarbons"
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Lahav, Ori, Albert Heber i David Broday. Elimination of emissions of ammonia and hydrogen sulfide from confined animal and feeding operations (CAFO) using an adsorption/liquid-redox process with biological regeneration. United States Department of Agriculture, marzec 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2008.7695589.bard.
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The project was originally aimed at investigating and developing new efficient methods for cost effective removal of ammonia (NH₃) and hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) from Concentrated Animal Feeding Operations (CAFO), in particular broiler and laying houses (NH₃) and hog houses (H₂S). In both cases, the principal idea was to design and operate a dedicated air collection system that would be used for the treatment of the gases, and that would work independently from the general ventilation system. The advantages envisaged: (1) if collected at a point close to the source of generation, pollutants would arrive at the treatment system at higher concentrations; (2) the air in the vicinity of the animals would be cleaner, a fact that would promote animal growth rates; and (3) collection efficiency would be improved and adverse environmental impact reduced. For practical reasons, the project was divided in two: one effort concentrated on NH₃₍g₎ removal from chicken houses and another on H₂S₍g₎ removal from hog houses. NH₃₍g₎ removal: a novel approach was developed to reduce ammonia emissions from CAFOs in general, and poultry houses in particular. Air sucked by the dedicated air capturing system from close to the litter was shown to have NH₃₍g₎ concentrations an order of magnitude higher than at the vents of the ventilation system. The NH₃₍g₎ rich waste air was conveyed to an acidic (0<pH<~5) bubble column reactor where NH₃ was converted to NH₄⁺. The reactor operated in batch mode, starting at pH 0 and was switched to a new acidic absorption solution just before NH₃₍g₎ breakthrough occurred, at pH ~5. Experiments with a wide range of NH₃₍g₎ concentrations showed that the absorption efficiency was practically 100% throughout the process as long as the face velocity was below 4 cm/s. The potential advantages of the method include high absorption efficiency, lower NH₃₍g₎ concentrations in the vicinity of the birds, generation of a valuable product and the separation between the ventilation and ammonia treatment systems. A small scale pilot operation conducted for 5 weeks in a broiler house showed the approach to be technically feasible. H₂S₍g₎ removal: The main goal of this part was to develop a specific treatment process for minimizing H₂S₍g₎ emissions from hog houses. The proposed process consists of three units: In the 1ˢᵗ H₂S₍g₎ is absorbed into an acidic (pH<2) ferric iron solution and oxidized by Fe(III) to S⁰ in a bubble column reactor. In parallel, Fe(III) is reduced to Fe(II). In the 2ⁿᵈ unit Fe(II) is bio-oxidized back to Fe(III) by Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans (AF).In the 3ʳᵈ unit S⁰ is separated from solution in a gravity settler. The work focused on three sub-processes: the kinetics of H₂S absorption into a ferric solution at low pH, the kinetics of Fe²⁺ oxidation by AF and the factors that affect ferric iron precipitation (a main obstacle for a continuous operation of the process) under the operational conditions. H₂S removal efficiency was found higher at a higher Fe(III) concentration and also higher for higher H₂S₍g₎ concentrations and lower flow rates of the treated air. The rate limiting step of the H₂S reactive absorption was found to be the chemical reaction rather than the transition from gas to liquid phase. H₂S₍g₎ removal efficiency of >95% was recorded with Fe(III) concentration of 9 g/L using typical AFO air compositions. The 2ⁿᵈ part of the work focused on kinetics of Fe(II) oxidation by AF. A new lab technique was developed for determining the kinetic equation and kinetic parameters (KS, Kₚ and mₘₐₓ) for the bacteria. The 3ʳᵈ part focused on iron oxide precipitation under the operational conditions. It was found that at lower pH (1.5) jarosite accumulation is slower and that the performance of the AF at this pH was sufficient for successive operation of the proposed process at the H₂S fluxes predicted from AFOs. A laboratory-scale test was carried out at Purdue University on the use of the integrated system for simultaneous hydrogen sulfide removal from a H₂S bubble column filled with ferric sulfate solution and biological regeneration of ferric ions in a packed column immobilized with enriched AFbacteria. Results demonstrated the technical feasibility of the integrated system for H₂S removal and simultaneous biological regeneration of Fe(III) for potential continuous treatment of H₂S released from CAFO. NH₃ and H₂S gradient measurements at egg layer and swine barns were conducted in winter and summer at Purdue. Results showed high potential to concentrate NH₃ and H₂S in hog buildings, and NH₃ in layer houses. H₂S emissions from layer houses were too low for a significant gradient. An NH₃ capturing system was designed and tested in a 100-chicken broiler room. Five bell-type collecting devices were installed over the litter to collect NH₃ emissions. While the air extraction system moved only 10% of the total room ventilation airflow rate, the fraction of total ammonia removed was 18%, because of the higher concentration air taken from near the litter. The system demonstrated the potential to reduce emissions from broiler facilities and to concentrate the NH₃ effluent for use in an emission control system. In summary, the project laid a solid foundation for the implementation of both processes, and also resulted in a significant scientific contribution related to AF kinetic studies and ferrous analytical measurements.