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Varutti, Marzia. "Using Different Pasts in a Similar Way: Museum Representations of National History in Norway and China". Culture Unbound 2, nr 5 (17.12.2010): 745–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.3384/cu.2000.1525.10240745.
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This article explores how national histories are constructed in the museums of Norway. It does so through a comparative perspective, whereby museum displays of national past in Norway are being compared to museum displays of national past in the People’s Republic of China. This will involve comparing narratives, museological approaches, rationale and purposes of museum displays in the two countries.
Fieldwork research in museums in Norway and China suggests that if national pasts are obviously unique to the historical trajectories of each country, their museum renditions are structured in an intriguingly similar way. Museum displays of national pasts in Norway develop around a set of themes including myths of ancestry and descent; epics of resistance leading the embryonic nation through a dark era and towards a “Golden Age”; a core of moral and aesthetic values; notions of national modernity; and selective amnesia. I will show how similar topics can be found in museum displays of the past in Chinese museums.
The comparative perspective of the analysis enables me to assess the uniqueness of museum representations of the past in Norway and at the same time to explore analogies in the museum construction of national narratives beyond the European context, through the case study of China. This will lead me to put forward the hypothesis of the coagulation, at international level, of a canon for the museum representation of national history.
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Eriksen, Stian Sørlie. "“God Brought Me Here to Change Me”: Narratives of Spiritual Transformation in Pentecostal Migrant Churches in Norway". PentecoStudies: An Interdisciplinary Journal for Research on the Pentecostal and Charismatic Movements 17, nr 2 (5.09.2018): 180–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1558/pent.35112.
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Wren, Jacob. "Mistranslation, Bad Faith and Even Worse: En français comme en anglais". Canadian Theatre Review 102 (marzec 2000): 25–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/ctr.102.005.
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I do not speak French. Nonetheless I thought I would direct a show about translation, a show that featured two anglophone performers from Toronto and two francophone performers from Montreal and in which one of the central performative activities was translation from English to French and back again. Strangely enough, this idea first occurred to me in Norway.
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Šimůnek, Václav, Jan Stejskal, Jaroslav Čepl, Jiří Korecký, Zdeněk Vacek, Stanislav Vacek, Lukáš Bílek i Michal Švanda. "Different Adaptive Potential of Norway Spruce Ecotypes in Response to Climate Change in Czech Long-Term Lowland Experiment". Forests 14, nr 9 (21.09.2023): 1922. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f14091922.
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As a result of climate change, Norway spruce (Picea abies [L.] Karst.) is dying across Europe. One of the primary reasons for this is the cultivation of unsuitable spruce provenances and ecotypes. This study deals with the growth and genetics of the ecotypes of Norway spruce, the most important tree species of the Czech Republic. At the study site, namely Cukrák, an experimental site was established in 1964 to plant three basic spruce ecotypes: low-elevation (LE), medium-elevation (ME) and high-elevation (HE) ecotype. A dendrometric inventory, dendrochronological sampling and genetic analyses were carried out on individual trees in 45 to 46 years old spruce stands. The ME ecotype was the most productive in terms of its carbon sequestration potential, while the HE ecotype had the lowest radial growth. All ecotypes exhibited a noteworthy negative correlation between tree-ring growth and seasonal temperature, annual temperature, previous year September to current year August temperature, June to July temperature, as well as individual monthly temperatures from previous May to current August. The relationship of annual and seasonal precipitation to growth was significant only for the LE and ME ecotypes, but precipitation from previous year September to current year August and precipitation from current June to July were the most significant for all ecotypes, where the ME had the highest r value. The HE ecotype does not adapt well to a dry climate and appears to be unsuitable compared to the other ecotypes under the studied conditions. This study also documented intra-population genetic variation within years of low growth, as evidenced by significant clonal heritability. The selection of the appropriate spruce ecotypes is essential for the stability and production of future stands and should become an important pillar of forest adaptation to climate change.
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Leon, Crina. "Svanhild Naterstad, “To me Romania is magic!”". Romanian Journal for Baltic and Nordic Studies 9, nr 1 (15.08.2017): 83–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.53604/rjbns.v9i1_7.
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Svanhild Naterstad has worked as a journalist for the Norwegian newspaper Adresseavisen in Trondheim since 2002. In addition to journalism studies at the Bodø University College, she holds a Magister’s degree (corresponding to the PhD) in Romanian literature from the Institute of Classical and Romance Studies of the University of Oslo (1996). In the period January 2009-October 2010, she was employed at the Department of Modern Foreign Languages of the Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), which at that time hosted the only Romanian Lectureship in Norway, with financial support from Romania’s honorary consul in Trondheim, Mr. Terje Roll Danielsen. In 2012 she published the book Romania in Norwegian, at the Akademika Publishing House. After her first visit to Romania in 1988, she lived in Bucharest, during a research visit (1990-1991) and in Copşa Mică, where she worked as an interpreter between 1991-1992. Moreover, she had other stays of 1-3 months in Romania, related to her university studies and the research for the book Romania. This is an extensive book of 456 pages, which offers the Norwegian readers various information about Romania’s history, geography, nature, economy, culture, religion etc.
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Strand, Elin Bolle, Jesús Castro-Marrero, Ingrid Helland, Jose Alegre i Anne Marit Mengshoel. "Pain and Depression Are Associated With More Anxiety in ME/CFS: A Cross-Sectional Cohort Study Between Norway and Spain". Clinical Medicine Insights: Psychiatry 11 (styczeń 2020): 117955732094147. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1179557320941478.
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Objectives: Lasting, unexplained and high levels of pain may cause anxiety in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome. The objectives of the current study were to test assumptions of the association between pain and anxiety in patients diagnosed with myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) and to clarify the role of depression in this relationship. Methods: Data were collected from 664 participants (age 18-65 years) with 133 ME/CFS patients and 201 healthy controls from Norway and 330 CFS patients from Spain. Binary logistic regression model was applied to test relationships between the included variables in the samples. Results: Both pain and depression made significant direct contributions to the level of anxiety. The strongest risk for higher levels of anxiety was the combination of high levels of depression and high levels of pain in the overall sample (OR = 49.70; P < 0.001), not so much in the Spanish cohort (OR = 11.99; P < 0.0001) and most of all in the Norwegian cohort (OR = 88.21; P < 0.001) sample. Conclusions: It was the combination of high pain levels and high levels of depression that to the greatest extent increased the risk of anxiety in patients with CFS/ME. Whatever diagnostic criterion that is applied, anxiety and depression should be mandatory to assess in the clinical assessments performed for diagnosing the ME/CFS. Approaches addressing anxiety-related pain and treatment of depression should be warranted.
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Sandvik, Miriam Kristine, Kari Sørland, Elisabeth Leirgul, Ingrid Gurvin Rekeland, Christina Særsten Stavland, Olav Mella i Øystein Fluge. "Endothelial dysfunction in ME/CFS patients". PLOS ONE 18, nr 2 (2.02.2023): e0280942. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0280942.
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Objective A few earlier studies have found impaired endothelial function in patients with Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME/CFS). The present study investigated large-vessel and small-vessel endothelial function in patients with ME/CFS. Study design The study was a substudy of the RituxME trial, a national, multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase III study on the effect of rituximab vs. placebo in ME/CFS patients in Norway. Flow-mediated dilation (FMD) and post-occlusive reactive hyperemia (PORH) was measured at baseline and after 18 months of treatment in 39 patients and compared with healthy controls. Other outcome measures were symptom severity and various physical function measures. Results ME/CFS patients had markedly reduced FMD compared to healthy controls at baseline (5.1% vs. 8.2%, p< 0.0001, adjusted for arterial diameter and sex), and significantly lower microvascular regulation measured by PORH than healthy controls (1354 PU vs. 2208 PU, p = 0.002). There were no differences between the treatment and placebo groups in symptom changes or vascular measures. As a group, the ME/CSF patients experienced a slight, but significant improvement in clinical symptoms after 18 months. PORH, but not FMD, was similarly improved (1360 to 1834 PU, p = 0.028). There was no significant correlation between FMD and PORH. There were non-significant tendencies towards associations between symptom severity/physical function measures and lower FMD and PORH, and a significant correlation between PORH and steps per 24 hours at baseline. Conclusions ME/CFS patients had reduced macro- and microvascular endothelial function, indicating that vascular homeostasis may play a role in the clinical presentation of this disease.
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Liepiņa, Agnese Anta, Sabīne Ieviņa, Endijs Bāders, Gundega Done, Roberts Matisons, Ieva Jaunslaviete, Beate Bērziņa i Āris Jansons. "Bite Me: Bark Stripping Showed Negligible Effect on Volume Growth of Norway Spruce in Latvia". Plants 13, nr 15 (23.07.2024): 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants13152014.
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Over the past few decades, increasing populations of cervid species in the Baltic region have reduced the quality and vitality of cultivated Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) stands. This study evaluated the effect of bark stripping on the volume growth of spruce trees in Latvia. Data collection took place in two forest stands. In each stand, 20 Norway spruce trees were sampled, 10 with visible bark damage scars and 10 control trees. Stem discs were collected from control trees at specified heights (0 m, 0.5 m, 1 m, 1.3 m, and 2 m, and then at one-metre intervals up to the top) and from damaged trees at additional specific points relative to the damage. Each disc was sanded and scanned; tree ring widths were measured in 16 radial directions using WinDendro 2012a software. Annual volume growth reconstruction was performed for each tree. Changes in relative volume growth were analysed in interaction with scar parameters, tree type (damaged/control), and pre-damage volume using linear regression models. The significance of parameter interactions was assessed using analysis of variance (ANOVA). Pairwise comparisons of estimated marginal means (EMMs) were conducted using Tukey’s HSD post hoc test. No significant effect of bark stripping on the total stem volume increment was detected. However, the length of bark stripping scars had a significant impact on relative volume growth in the lower parts of the stems. These findings underscore the importance of further research examining a broader spectrum of cervid damage intensity and the effects of repeated damage on tree survival and growth.
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Knudsen, Ak, Lv Lervik, Sb Harvey, Cms Løvvik, An Omenås i A. Mykletun. "Comparison of chronic fatigue syndrome/myalgic encephalopathy with other disorders: an observational study". JRSM Short Reports 3, nr 5 (maj 2012): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/shorts.2011.011167.
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Summary Objectives To examine the level of activity in online discussion forums for chronic fatigue syndrome/myalgic encephalopathy (CFS/ME) compared to other disorders. We hypothesized the level of activity to be higher in CFS/ME online discussion forums. Design Observational study Setting Norway, which has more than 80% household coverage in internet access, September 2009 Participants Twelve Norwegian disorder-related online discussion forums Main outcome measures Number of registered users and number of posted messages on each discussion forum Results Two forums were targeted towards individuals with CFS/ME. These forums had the highest number of registered users per estimated 1,000 cases in the population (50.5 per 1,000 and 29.7 per 1,000), followed by a site for drug dependency (5.4 per 1,000). Counting the number of posted messages per 1,000 cases gave similar indications of high online activity in the CFS/ME discussion forums. Conclusions CFS/ME online forums had more than ten times the relative activity of any other disorder or condition related forum. This high level of activity may have multiple explanations. Individuals suffering from a stigmatized condition of unknown aetiology may use the internet to look for explanations of symptoms or to seek out alternative treatments. Internet forum activity may also be reinforced by the creation of in-group identity and pre-morbid personality traits. More knowledge on the type and quality of information provided in online forums is urgently needed.
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Sommerfelt, Kristian, Trude Schei i Arild Angelsen. "Severe and Very Severe Myalgic Encephalopathy/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome ME/CFS in Norway: Symptom Burden and Access to Care". Journal of Clinical Medicine 12, nr 4 (13.02.2023): 1487. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm12041487.
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There is a striking lack of systematic knowledge regarding the symptom burden, capacity for activities of daily living, and supportive measures for the most severely ill ME/CFS patients. The present study seeks to address this through a national, Internet-based survey targeting patients with severe and very severe ME/CFS and their carers. Responses from 491 patients were included, with 444 having severe and 47 very severe ME/CFS with the classification based on the best estimate from patient responses. In addition, 95 respondents were reclassified from patients’ own classification to moderate and included for comparison. The onset was before 15 years of age for 45% in the very severe and 32% in the severe group. Disease duration was more than 15 years for 19% in the very severe and 27% in the severe group. Patient symptom burden was extensive. The most severely affected were totally bedridden, unable to talk, and experienced dramatic worsening of symptoms after minimal activity or sensory stimuli. Care and assistance from healthcare and social services were often described as insufficient or inadequate, often worsening the symptom load and burden of care. A substantial lack of disease knowledge among healthcare providers in general was reported. Yet approximately 60% in the severe and very severe groups found services provided by occupational therapists and family doctors (general practitioners) helpful, while a smaller proportion experienced appropriate help from other health personnel groups. This indicates that help and support are highly needed and possible to provide. On the other hand, this must be approached carefully, as a substantial number of patients experienced deterioration from contact with healthcare personnel. Family carers described an extensive burden of care with often inadequate help from healthcare providers or municipal authorities. Patient care by family members of very severe ME/CFS patients constituted more than 40 h a week for 71% of this patient group. The carers described a large negative impact on their work and financial situation, and on their mental wellbeing. We conclude that childhood onset was common, burden of disease was extensive, and support from responsible societal health and social support providers was commonly grossly inadequate.
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Ellis, Viv. "The challenge of transformation: Å arbeide med kunnskapsproblemet i lærerutdanningen". Acta Didactica Norge 10, nr 2 (21.04.2016): 366–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.5617/adno.2866.
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AbstractI read the articles in this special issue at a time of continuing turbulence in the policy environment in England, particularly for teacher education and particularly for university involvement in this activity. Yet as I read the papers in this special issue, I think the challenges we are both facing are very similar in one important respect: it seems to me that in England and Norway (and probably some other places too) we still haven’t worked out the relationship between the teaching profession and the university in the activity of teacher education.
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Ystanes, Vilde, i Thomas Ugelvik. "‘They Tell Me I’m Dangerous’: Incarcerated Mothers, Scandinavian Prisons and the Ambidextrous Penal–Welfare State". British Journal of Criminology 60, nr 4 (9.12.2019): 892–910. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/bjc/azz082.
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Abstract Ambidextrous states can grasp citizens with both the welfare/support-oriented left hand and the punishment/control-oriented right hand. When people go to prison in such contexts, they may simultaneously face punishment and welfare interventions. Based on interviews with six women serving prison sentences in Norway for violence against their own children, this article discusses certain aspects of the prison experience in welfare-state prisons. Their criminal sentences, and the associated stigma and feelings of shame, weighed heavily on these women, but they eventually felt the state’s welfare-oriented left hand was tighter and more punitive than the right hand. This article describes their experiences and strategies in coping with the challenges they faced as prisoners in an ambidextrous state.
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Batt-Rawden, Kari, i Sarah Andersen. "‘Singing has empowered, enchanted and enthralled me’-choirs for wellbeing?" Health Promotion International 35, nr 1 (2.02.2019): 140–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/heapro/day122.
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Summary Singing in groups is a global phenomenon and there is a growing body of evidence that singing can affect health and wellbeing. This is the first gender-based study to explore how women’s perceptions of their own health and wellbeing can be affected by singing in a choir; and also how choral singing may have an impact on social inclusion. Qualitative data was collected from nine choirs in two regions of Norway. The sample consisted of 19 (n = 19) women aged 21–75 (mean age, 51.3.) who had sung in choirs from 6 months to 20 years (mean, 6.2 years). The sample population included those who identified as ‘healthy’ and those experiencing health issues such as cancer, depression, anxiety or fatigue. Two focus groups and 16 semi-structured interviews were carried out and the data were analyzed using grounded theory. Findings were that choral singing can affect women’s perceptions of their wellbeing in four distinct ways: (i) through the joy of singing, (ii) experiencing singing as essential for survival, (iii) group singing as a route to social connection, which enhanced a sense of identity and of belonging, and thereby increased self-confidence and self-esteem and (iv) through promoting social inclusion. In the context of these findings, choral singing can be understood as a ‘salutogenic’ activity, that is, one that supports health and wellbeing. This has implications for self-care practice, social prescribing programs and public health policy.
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Axelsson, Marcus, i Charlotte Lindgren. "Ekokritiska perspektiv i Maria Parrs Keeperen og havet". European Journal of Scandinavian Studies 53, nr 1 (1.04.2023): 42–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ejss-2023-2004.
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Abstract In the present study, we investigate how the relationship between human and nature is rendered as Norwegian children’s book author Maria Parr’s novel Keeperen og havet [Lena, the Sea and me] is translated into Danish, English, French, German, and Swedish. Our focus is mainly on book cover images, and methodologically we use concepts and tools from Kress and van Leeuwen’s Grammar of visual design. Nature and landscape are prominent in Parr’s œuvre, which is set in the Western part of Norway, where mountains and the sea are always present. Results show that the French cover positions itself as the most ecocentric one, whereas the Swedish and the German covers are much more anthropocentric.
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Rod, Bjarte, Abbas Barabadi i Masoud Naseri. "Recoverability Modeling of Power Distribution Systems Using Accelerated Life Models: Case of Power Cut due to Extreme Weather Events in Norway". Journal of Management in Engineering 36, nr 5 (wrzesień 2020): 05020012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)me.1943-5479.0000823.
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SIINER, MAARJA. "Let me grow old and senile in peace: Norwegian newspaper accounts of voice and agency with dementia". Ageing and Society 39, nr 5 (14.12.2017): 977–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0144686x17001374.
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ABSTRACTThis study analyses the remaking of dementia as a social and cultural phenomenon in the public media discourse in a welfare state Norway. A content analysis was carried out of articles on dementia published in Norwegian paper media from 1995 to 2015. The study combined the tools from quantitative corpus analyses and qualitative critical discourse analyses, making it possible to detect and interpret diachronic changes in the dementia discourse. Although the main focus in Norwegian dementia discourse has changed from the disease to the personhood, the agents defining what it means to live well with dementia continued to be predominantly institutional: non-governmental organisations, municipalities, health-care institutions and politicians. An analysis of the uses of the politically incorrect Norwegian term for dementia, ‘senility’, revealed that this term offered an alternative to the institutionalised dementia discourse and functioned as an unconventional and therapeutic-free space where older people and persons with dementia could use humour to subvert these norms and power relations.
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Skjevling, Linn, Rasmus Goll, Hege Marie Hanssen i Peter Holger Johnsen. "Faecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) in Norwegian outpatients with mild to severe myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS): protocol for a 12-month randomised double-blind placebo-controlled trial". BMJ Open 14, nr 6 (czerwiec 2024): e073275. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2023-073275.
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IntroductionThe observed alteration of the intestinal microbiota in patients with myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) and the effect of transferring a healthy gut flora from a faecal donor using a faecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) will be explored in this trial.Methods and analysisThis is a protocol for a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group, single-centre trial, with 12 months follow-up. 80 participants will be included and randomised (1:1:2) to either donor FMT (from two different donors) or placebo (autologous FMT). Participants will be included by the International Clinical Criteria for ME/CFS. The clinical measures of ME/CFS and disease activity include Modified DePaul Questionnaire, Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS), Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), 36-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36), ROMA IV criteria, Food Frequency Questionnaire, Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status, heart rate variability testing and reports on the use of antibiotics and food supplements, as well as biobanking of blood, urine and faeces.The primary endpoint is proportion with treatment success in FSS score in donor versus autologous FMT group 3 months after treatment. Treatment success is defined as an FSS improvement of more than 1.2 points from baseline at 3 months after treatment. Adverse events will be registered throughout the study.Ethics and disseminationThe Regional Committee for Medical Research Ethics Northern Norway has approved the study. The study has commenced in May 2019. Findings will be disseminated in international peer-reviewed journal(s), submitted to relevant conferences, and trial participants will be informed via phone calls.Trial registration numberNCT03691987.
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Eriksen, Stefka G. "Teaching and practicing the Quadriga in Medieval Norway: A Reading of Barlaams og Josaphats Saga". Acta ad archaeologiam et artium historiam pertinentia 31 (31.12.2019): 225–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.5617/acta.7809.
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The present volume establishes that Christian liturgy and religious rituals were the main tools for the transformation of the self after the introduction of Christianity in various cultural contexts of medieval Europe. The liturgical ritual was the ultimate arena and outer manifestation of the cognitive and behavioral changes required by individuals and which were inspired in them by the Church. In this article, I will discuss whether the same tools for transformation were relevant in medieval Norway and how self-reflection and cognitive change were triggered not only during the liturgy but also through other activities, such as the reading of literature. The primary focus will be on the medium of the book, here exemplified by an Old Norse translation of the pan-European legend about Barlaam and Josaphat as preserved in its main manuscript Holm Perg 6 fol., c. 1250. By Studying the content of the saga, its narratological structure, and the mise en page of the manuscript, I will argue that the text foregrounded the Christian quadriga model of interpreting and may have served to teach this model to its readers, i.e. members of the upper social class in medieval Norway during the second half of the thirteenth and the beginning of the fourteenth century. This book itself, with its specific mise en page, may thus be seen as a tool assisting in the transformation of the self, in a similar way as the liturgy.
Keywords: Barlaams saga, Quadriga, cognitive transformation, mise en page, medieval Norway.
On cover:Monks singing the Office and decorated initial A[sperges me.]. Gradual Olivetan Master (Use of the Olivetan Benedictines), illuminated manuscript on parchment ca. 1430-1439. Italy, Monastero di Santa Maria di Baggio near Milan, Ca 1400-1775.Beinecke Ms1184: The olivetan Gradual. Gradual. General Collection, Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library, Yale University.
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Pesch, Anja Maria. "“They call me anneanne!” translanguaging as a theoretical and pedagogical challenge and opportunity in the kindergarten context in Norway". Acta Borealia 38, nr 1 (2.01.2021): 23–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08003831.2021.1911200.
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Steinert, Hulsman i Stanley Cohen. "Alternatives to Punishment — The Abolitionist Case". Israel Law Review 25, nr 3-4 (1991): 729–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021223700010712.
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Heinz Steinert and Louk Hulsman represent “abolitionism” — a stream of critical thinking about criminology, crime, criminal law and punishment that has been developing in Western Europe (mainly Holland, Germany, Austria and Norway) over the past two decades. Given that the participants to this Conference are mainly Anglo-American and Israeli academics or lawyers who have been quite insulated from this intellectual movement, it seemed to me that my most useful task as commentator would be to place these ideas in their wider intellectual context. After this, I will select a few general themes from these papers and compare them to the papers by Abel and Galanter in the related session on “Alternatives to Punishment”.My own position towards abolitionism is that of a sympathetic, but critical fellow traveller: I agree with much, want to believe more but am skeptical about some.
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Lorenzo, M. Rosario, María Segovia, Jay T. Cullen i María T. Maldonado. "Particulate trace metal dynamics in response to increased CO<sub>2</sub> and iron availability in a coastal mesocosm experiment". Biogeosciences 17, nr 3 (13.02.2020): 757–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-757-2020.
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Abstract. Rising concentrations of atmospheric carbon dioxide are causing ocean acidification and will influence marine processes and trace metal biogeochemistry. In June 2012, in the Raunefjord (Bergen, Norway), we performed a mesocosm experiment, comprised of a fully factorial design of ambient and elevated pCO2 and/or an addition of the siderophore desferrioxamine B (DFB). In addition, the macronutrient concentrations were manipulated to enhance a bloom of the coccolithophore Emiliania huxleyi. We report the changes in particulate trace metal concentrations during this experiment. Our results show that particulate Ti and Fe were dominated by lithogenic material, while particulate Cu, Co, Mn, Zn, Mo and Cd had a strong biogenic component. Furthermore, significant correlations were found between particulate concentrations of Cu, Co, Zn, Cd, Mn, Mo and P in seawater and phytoplankton biomass (µgC L−1), supporting a significant influence of the bloom in the distribution of these particulate elements. The concentrations of these biogenic metals in the E. huxleyi bloom were ranked as follows: Zn < Cu ≈ Mn < Mo < Co < Cd. Changes in CO2 affected total particulate concentrations and biogenic metal ratios (Me : P) for some metals, while the addition of DFB only significantly affected the concentrations of some particulate metals (mol L−1). Variations in CO2 had the most clear and significant effect on particulate Fe concentrations, decreasing its concentration under high CO2. Indeed, high CO2 and/or DFB promoted the dissolution of particulate Fe, and the presence of this siderophore helped in maintaining high dissolved Fe. This shift between particulate and dissolved Fe concentrations in the presence of DFB, promoted a massive bloom of E. huxleyi in the treatments with ambient CO2. Furthermore, high CO2 decreased the Me : P ratios of Co, Zn and Mn while increasing the Cu : P ratios. These findings support theoretical predictions that the molar ratios of metal to phosphorous (Me : P ratios) of metals whose seawater dissolved speciation is dominated by free ions (e.g., Co, Zn and Mn) will likely decrease or stay constant under ocean acidification. In contrast, high CO2 is predicted to shift the speciation of dissolved metals associated with carbonates such as Cu, increasing their bioavailability and resulting in higher Me : P ratios.
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Erdmann, Susan, i Barbara Gawronska. "Being at home: Global citizenship in Norwegian schools. A study of children’s poems". Linguistics Beyond and Within (LingBaW) 2 (30.12.2016): 61–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.31743/lingbaw.5638.
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The paper addresses the question of self-perceived identity in children attending international schools in Norway. In this population, the distinction between “home culture” and “host culture” is no longer relevant, since most of the children represent “hyphenated” (e.g. Asian-British or American-Scandinavian) or merged nationalities and cultures. The goal of the study is to investigate how these pupils define themselves and the notion of “home”. To achieve at least a preliminary picture of the children’s self-perception, the authors have analysed poems on two topics: Me and Home, written by pupils of an international school and a Norwegian school, both informant groups aged 11-13. A semantic analysis of the poems indicates that the international school children present strong assertions of individual identity as defined against societal roles, while the Norwegian school pupils do not conceptualize identity formation as a struggle and their poems reflect a high degree of social, familial and national integration.
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Marhaug, Rita. "Print in Real Time 2019-24". IMPACT Printmaking Journal 4 (24.07.2024): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.54632/1507.impj12.
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It is a great pleasure to present Trykk i sanntid, “Print in Real Time”, a five-year art project born in Lofoten in Northern Norway, which has now reached its halfway point. The project started due to the need to showcase Lofoten´s new printmaking workshop, in a way rooted in something important to us. Over several years, with limited funds and great enthusiasm, my colleague Kjellaug Hatlen Lunde has built up the printmaking workshop KK-trykk, “KK-print”, which was inaugurated in 2019. The workshop is a part of the joint studio complex and residency centre Kunstkvarteret, located in the middle of Lofoten, established in 2008. Here, four artists have permanent studio spaces while others rent or apply for residency stays for varying durations. In the spring of 2019, Hatlen Lunde contacted our experienced colleague Åse Anda and me with the vague idea of developing some kind of event to promote the new workshop.
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Meyer, R. "Encounter norms in a frontcountry boating area: A case study from the N tter y/Tj me Skerries in southeastern Norway". Norsk Geografisk Tidsskrift - Norwegian Journal of Geography 53, nr 1 (styczeń 1999): 29–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/002919599420857.
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Aranda-García, Silvia, Myriam Santos-Folgar, Felipe Fernández-Méndez, Roberto Barcala-Furelos, Manuel Pardo Ríos, Encarna Hernández Sánchez, Lucía Varela-Varela, Silvia San Román-Mata i Antonio Rodríguez-Núñez. "“Dispatcher, Can You Help Me? A Woman Is Giving Birth”. A Pilot Study of Remote Video Assistance with Smart Glasses". Sensors 23, nr 1 (30.12.2022): 409. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23010409.
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Smart glasses (SG) could be a breakthrough in emergency situations, so the aim of this work was to assess the potential benefits of teleassistance with smart glasses (SG) from a midwife to a lifeguard in a simulated, unplanned, out-of-hospital birth (OHB). Thirty-eight lifeguards were randomized into SG and control (CG) groups. All participants were required to act in a simulated imminent childbirth with a maternal–fetal simulator (PROMPT Flex, Laerdal, Norway). The CG acted autonomously, while the SG group was video-assisted by a midwife through SG (Vuzix Blade, New York, NY, USA). The video assistance was based on the OHB protocol, speaking and receiving images on the SG. The performance time, compliance with the protocol steps, and perceived performance with the SG were evaluated. The midwife’s video assistance with SG allowed 35% of the SG participants to perform the complete OHB protocol. No CG participant was able to perform it (p = 0.005). All OHB protocol variables were significantly better in the SG group than in the CG (p < 0.05). Telemedicine through video assistance with SG is feasible so that a lifeguard with no knowledge of childbirth care can act according to the recommendations in a simulated, unplanned, uncomplicated OHB. Communication with the midwife by speaking and sending images to the SG is perceived as an important benefit to the performance.
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Negård, Inger-Lise, Oddbjørg Skjær Ulvik i Inger Oterholm. "You and me and all of us: The significance of belonging in a continual community of children in long-term care in Norway". Children and Youth Services Review 118 (listopad 2020): 105352. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2020.105352.
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Fuglestad, Finn. "Precolonial Sub-Saharan Africa and the Ancient Norse World: Looking For Similarities". History in Africa 33 (2006): 179–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/hia.2006.0013.
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Comparative history may be fashionable these days, but references to the past of precolonial sub-Saharan Africa in the literature on early Scandinavia, and vice versa, are still hard to come by. Perhaps this is as it should be, as Scandinavia and Sub-Saharan Africa are generally considered to be worlds apart. Besides, there is the time-lag involved: pre-Christian Scandinavia, including the Norse world, came to an end in roughly the eleventh century, whereas the precolonial era in sub-Saharan Africa lasted into the 1880s at the earliest. But many years ago, when after a prolonged immersion in African history, I picked up some books, including printed primary sources, related to pre-Christian Norway, I was invaded by a strange feeling of déjà vu, of having seen it all before, precisely in sub-Saharan Africa of old. Pre-Christian Norwegian, or Norse, society suddenly began to make sense to me as it had never done before.Why the similarities I believe I have detected, and how significant are they? Is it possible that they are in some way more relevant or meaningful than the differences? Can we even speak of a problem of similarities à la Henri Frankfort? I have no ready-made answers to these questions. In fact my aim in this paper is a fairly modest one, that of offering some tentative, possibly speculative, observations, thoughts, and/or conclusions. I take as my point of departure the obvious, or trivial, point that precolonial sub-Saharan Africa and pre-Christian Norway did have something quite essential in common: the prevalence in both cases of ”pagan” (or “heathen”) and overwhelmingly agrarian kinship-type societies. In the case of Norway and Scandinavia, the Viking era (790s to somewhere in the tenth century), with its marked maritime orientation, constituted perhaps a rupture. Extensive seafaring, including maritime raiding and pillaging, not to mention the emergence of so-called sea kings, implies mobility, and mobile people do not fit readily into the “model” that is outlined in this essay. It may be, however, that the inland regions of the Nordic world were not always directly or even deeply influenced by what happened on the coast. Note that the words “pagan” and “heathen” are used here for want of a better expression, in the sense of “non-revealed” or “ethnic” religions. By kinship-type societies I mean collectivist-oriented societies composed not primarily of individuals, but of kindreds or lineages.
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Shanmugam, G. "Reminiscing over six decades of global scientific journey (1962-2024): Sedimentary processes, environments, deposits, deformation, fossil fuels, Climate change and groupthink". Indian Association of Sedimentologists 2024, nr I (28.06.2024): 1–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.51710/jias.v3i1.378.
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Abstract: This review is based on my Address delivered as the Chief Guest at the 39th Convention of the Indian Association of Sedimentologists at Annamalai University in Tamil Nadu, India on December 6 2023, Wednesday Morning, just after the Inauguration of the above Convention (Shanmugam, 2023f). My scientific journey from Annamalai University to America and beyond is composed of the following attributes: 1. Covering a span of 62 years (1962─2024). 2. It began unexpectedly, but owes it to the great motivation of Prof. T. N. Muthuswami Iyer. 3. It began with no specific long-term agenda. 4. While, at Mobil Oil Company, fortunately, many research projects were assigned to me. 5. Thus inducing, enabling and culminating in over 150 projects - as a student, researcher, teacher, and consultant. 6. Duration of projects varied from just 3 months in some to about10 years in a few cases. 7. These Projects taught me to transform many obstacles to opportunities. 8. By investing 100% of my energy, focus, and efforts, irrespective of the Project being small or very large. 9. All the projects pursued are based on empirical data derived from drill cores, outcrops, and experiments. The underpinning of all my research work has always been to unravel the truth, without the distraction of Groupthink. 10. Thus, the unstinted devotion to work and research enabled the publication of almost every research topic during the past 62 years resulting in over 380 published works, including five Elsevier books. The Convention Address was thus a glimpse of the scientific journey undertaken, in terms of (1) People: Scientists and others, (2) Projects: >150 (Global), (3) Publications: >380, (4) Recognition: Several, (5) Nature Photography: Norway, China, Ecuador, Spain, India, China, Saudi Arabia, and, (6) A Perspective.
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Manowska, Anna, Aurelia Rybak, Artur Dylong i Joachim Pielot. "Forecasting of Natural Gas Consumption in Poland Based on ARIMA-LSTM Hybrid Model". Energies 14, nr 24 (20.12.2021): 8597. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14248597.
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Natural gas is one of the main energy sources in Poland and accounts for about 15% of the primary energy consumed in the country. Poland covers only 1/5 of its demand from domestic deposits. The rest is imported from Russia, Germany, Norway, the Czech Republic, Ukraine, and Central Asia. An important issue concerning the market of energy resources is the question of the direct impact of the prices of energy resources on the income of exporting and importing countries. It should also be remembered that unexpected and large fluctuations are detrimental to both exporters and importers of primary fuels. The article analyzes natural gas deposits in Poland, raw material trade and proposes a model for forecasting the volume of its consumption, which takes into account historical consumption, prices of energy resources and assumptions of Poland’s energy policy until 2040. A hybrid model was built by combining ARIMA with LSTM artificial neural networks. The validity of the constructed model was assessed using ME, MAE, RMSE and MSE. The average percentage error is 2%, which means that the model largely represents the real gas consumption course. The obtained forecasts indicate an increase in consumption by 2040.
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Andresen, Silje Aurora. "R.I.P. Resilience". Fennia - International Journal of Geography 197, nr 1 (8.04.2019): 168–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.11143/fennia.80093.
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Resilience was set to rest on 30 June 2016 in Trondheim, Norway. After a two-year quest for meaning, the concept now lies with its neoliberal supporters. Resilience and I first crossed paths at the beginning of my PhD journey in Geography. I was driven by curiosity and an eagerness to put resilience to use: after all, who doesn’t want to be resilient? As the months passed by, I discovered the many different meanings the concept was associated with. Indeed, resilience refused to be put in a box. Yet, the concept contained some questions that I set out to try to answer in the “real” world. However, curiosity soon developed into frustration – resilience revealed a rootlessness that was disturbing. Was it a means to measure? A means to conceptualize why some people make it and some do not? Or, was it in fact, just a means to get funding? Certainly, it was not a means to explain. Therefore, resilience will for me forever be remembered as an approach to enter and structure an interview guide, but now we must bid one another farewell. Your legacy will continue to live on in the neoliberal agenda.
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Brinch, Iben, i Jorun Ulvestad. "Norsk Omstilling i høyere utdanning som retorisk praksis – en fortolkende kritikk av tillit og agency". Rhetorica Scandinavica 27, nr 85 (4.07.2023): 55–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.52610/rhs.v27i85.291.
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On a winter morning a questionnaire pops up in the inbox of the 1700 staff members at one of the new universities in Norway. Now everyone is supposed to answer questions about the work envi-ronment joining what is called an ‘ARK-survey’. It has been two mer-ges of institutions and a period of accreditation to get the status as university since the last time the staff was asked about the work envi-ronment. “The leader at my unit always acts honestly toward me” one of the questions sounds, expecting you to answer on a scale from 1 to 5. How to answer? The article constitutes an interpretative rhetorical criticism of a cluster of texts that prepared the institution for the sur-vey, the texts that formed the survey and selected texts that were pre-sented to the university board after the survey. The questions we seek to answer concern the rhetorical practices: What forms of rhetorical agency that are to be found? How do the texts and transactions reflect trust between leaders and employees? And how does the ARK-survey as a discursive tool impact a university in transformation?
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Albeck, Gustav. "Den unge Grundtvig og Norge". Grundtvig-Studier 37, nr 1 (1.01.1985): 47–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/grs.v37i1.15941.
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The Young Grundtvig and NorwayBy Gustav AlbeckThis article is a revised and extended version of the lecture given by Professor Albeck on April 30th 1984 at the annual general meeting of the Grundtvig Society in Oslo. It describes Grundtvig’s close relationship to a number of Norwegian friends he made during his residence at the Walkendorf hostel in Copenhagen in the years 1808-11; this circle of friends lasted and widened to include other Norwegians in his later life.Grundtvig was 67 before he set foot on Norwegian soil, but from his early youth he had familiarised himself with the Norwegian landscape and history through Norwegian literature. His feeling of kinship with the spirit and history of Norway was for a time stronger than his consciousness of being Danish. In his youth Norway and the Norwegians played a major role in opinion-making in Denmark, and in this respect Grundtvig was no different from his contemporary Danes. But the idea of Norway’s future continued to concern him long after his youth was over. The lecture, however, confines itself to the way certain Norwegians regarded Grundtvig between 1808 and 1811.When Grundtvig returned to Copenhagen from Langeland in 1808 he had no friends in the capital. But at the Walkendorf hostel he met first and foremost Svend B. Hersleb, a Norwegian theologian, to whom he addressed a jocular poem in the same year, revealing that Grundtvig now felt himself young again and among young people following his unrequited passion for Constance Leth. Otherwise we have only a few witnesses to this first period of happiness, with Grundtvig gaining a foothold on the Danish parnassus through his first Norse Mythology and Scenes from Heroic Life in the North.The fullest accounts of Grundtvig’s relationship to the Norwegians in the period following his nervous breakdown and religious breakthrough in 1810 come from the journals of the Norwegian-Danish dean and poet, Frederik Schmidt, made during various trips to Denmark. These journals were published in extenso between 1966 and 1985 in three volumes, the last of which includes a commentary by the editors and a postscript by Gustav Albeck. Many of the valuable notes about Grundtvig are repeated in the lecture. Frederik Schmidt was the son of a Norwegian bishop; he became a rural dean and later a member of the first National Assembly at Eids voll in 1814. He was a Norwegian patriot but loyal to the Danes and in fact returned to Denmark in 1820. His descriptions of Grundtvig’s conversations with Niels Treschow, the Norwegian-born Professor of Philosophy at Copenhagen University, give an authentic and concentrated picture of Grundtvig’s reflections on his conversion to a strict Lutheran faith, which for a time threatened to hinder his development as a secular writer. Schmidt found their way of presenting their differing views “very interesting and human”, and Grundtvig’s Christian faith “warm, intense and sincere”. “In the animated features of his dark eyes and pale face there is something passionate yet also gentle”. When Schmidt himself talked to Grundtvig about a current paper which stated that in early Christianity there was a fusion between Greek thought and oriental feeling, Grundtvig exclaimed, “Yet another Christianity without Christ!” A draft of a reply to one of Schmidt’s articles shows that at that point, April 1811, Grundtvig did not believe in the working of “the living word” in its secular meaning. The draft was not printed and Grundtvig does not appear to have discussed it with Schmidt. There is a very precise description of Grundtvig’s appearance: “There is... something confused in his eyes; he sometimes closes them after a tiring conversation, as if he wants to pull his thoughts together again.” Schmidt in no way agrees with Grundtvig’s point of view, which he partly puts down to “disappointed hopes, humbled pride and the persecution... he has been subjected to...” But he does find another important explanation in Grundtvig’s “need for reassuring knowledge” and his conviction “that the misery of the age can only be helped by true religious feeling”.There are also descriptions of Grundtvig in a more jovial mood, for example together with Professor George Sverdrup, where Grundtvig repeated some rather unflattering accounts of the playwright Holberg’s behaviour towards a couple of professors who were colleagues. The same evening he and Schmidt set about attacking Napoleon while Treschow and Sverdrup defended him. Schmidt considered Grundtvig’s little book, New Year’s Eve, “devout to the point of pietist sentiment”, but thought the error lay rather in Grundtvig’s head than his heart. Lovely is the Clear Blue Night (Dejlig er den himmel blaa), published in April 1811 was even read aloud by Schmidt to a woman poet; but he criticised The Anholt-Campaign.After 1814 Schmidt adopted a somewhat cooler tone towards Grundtvig’s books. He was unable to go along with Grundtvig’s talk of a united Denmark- Norway as his fatherland. He criticised the poems Grundtvig published in his periodical, Danevirke, including even The Easter Lily for its “vulgar language”, which Grundtvig appeared to confuse with a true “language of power”. It is impossible to prove any close relationship between Schmidt and Grundtvig, but he was an attentive observer when they met in Copenhagen in 1811.With the opening of the Royal Frederik University in Christiania in 1813 Grundtvig became separated from his Norwegian friends, as Hersleb, Treschow and Sverdrup were all appointed to the new Norwegian university. They were keen for Grundtvig to join them as Professor of History. Sverdrup in particular was captivated by his personality, and in a letter dated April 21st 1812 he informed Grundtvig that he was among the candidates for the post proposed by the commission to the King. But Grundtvig himself hesitated; he felt “calm and quietly happy” in Udby “as minister for simple Christians”. To his friend, the Norwegian-born Poul Dons, he wrote, “... something in me draws me up there, something keeps me down here.” The fact that he never got the job was in many ways his own fault. His World Chronicle (1812) could not but offend scholars of a rationalist approach, in particular the prediction at the end of the book about the new university’s effect. It is linked to Grundtvig’s interpretation (1810) of the letters to the seven churches in Revelation, which are seen as a prediction of the seven great churches in the historical advance of Christianity.“It was an idea,” says Albeck, “which in spite of its obvious irrationality never left Grundtvig, and as late as 1860 it found poetic form in the great poem, The Pleiades of Christendom (Christenhedens Syvstjerne).” Grundtvig “was in no doubt that the sixth church was the Nordic, and that it would grow out of the Norwegian university, the new Wittenberg.” In 1810 Grundtvig felt himself “chosen to be the forerunner of a new reformer, a new Johan Huss before a new Luther.” From a scholarly point of view there is no reason to reproach the Danish selection panel for the negative judgment they reached regarding Grundtvig’s qualifications as a historian. His name was not even mentioned in the appointments for the new professorships. He had caused quite a stir not long before by writing a birthday poem for the King in which he directly expressed his wish that the new university might become a Wittenberg. The poem took the form of a series of accusations against Norway and the Norwegians, and in particular against Nicolai Wergeland, who in a prize-winning essay on the Norwegian university entitled Mnemosyne had stuck a few needles into Denmark and the Danes. Grundtvig accused the Norwegians of ingratitude to Denmark and unchristian pride. Even his good friend Hersleb reacted to such an attack.From the diaries of the Norwegian, Claus Pavels, we know how the Norwegian poet, Jonas Rein, wrote and told Grundtvig that “a greater meekness towards people with a different opinion would be more fitting for a teacher of Christianity.” Grundtvig replied that he had had to speak the truth loud and clear in a degenerate age. The Bishop of Bergen, Nordal Brun, also considered Grundtvig’s views as expressed to the King “misplaced and insulting”. He was particularly hurt that Norway “should have to thank Denmark for its Christianity and protestantism”. When Grundtvig printed the poem in Little Songs (Kv.dlinger) in 1815, Nicolai Wergeland was moved to write Denmark’s Political Crimes against the Kingdom of Norway, published in 1816.For Grundtvig’s Norwegian friends it was a matter of regret that he did not come to Norway, not least for Stener Stenersen, who in 1814 became a lecturer and in 1818 a professor of theology at the Norwegian university. His correspondence with Grundtvig from 1813 is now regarded as a valuable source for Grundtvig’s view of Christianity at that time. In his diary entry for August 27th 1813 Pavels notes that Stenersen had proposed that the Society for the Wellbeing of Norway should use all its influence to get Grundtvig to Norway. In his proposition Stenersen asked who possessed such unity and purity of thought as to be able to understand fully the importance of scholarship; he himself had only one candidate - Grundtvig. From a contemporary standpoint he had won his way to the Christian faith. But the rationalist Pavels, the source of our information, was far from convinced that “no man in the whole of Norway” possessed these abilities in equal measure to Grundtvig”. He therefore had misgivings about “requesting him as Norway’s last and only deliverer”.When Grundtvig heard of Stenersen’s proposition he sought an audience with the King on September 8th at which he clearly expressed his desire to become Professor of History at the Norwegian University. Two Danish professors, Børge Thorlacius and Laurids Engelsto. found it strange, however, that Treschow, Sverdrup and Hersleb could “deify Grundtvig”. And his great wish was never fulfilled. Nonetheless he did not give up. On November 15th he saw that the post of curate was being advertised at Aggers church near Christiania and applied for the job. From his book Roskilde Rhymes (published on February 1st 1814) it is clear that he believed that it was there that his great work was to be accomplished. But in those very days Frederik VI was signing the peace of Kiel which would separate Norway from Denmark, and Grundtvig from his wish.In the preface to Danevirke (dated May 1817) he realised that he had deserved the scorn of the Norwegians, for he had expected too much of them. But he never forgot his Norwegian friends. He named one of his sons after Svend Hersleb, and another son married Stenersen’s daughter. When he himself visited Norway in 1851 he was welcomed like a prince.
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Calafato, Raees. "“I feel like it’s giving me a lot as a language teacher to be a learner myself”: Factors affecting the implementation of a multilingual pedagogy as reported by teachers of diverse languages". Studies in Second Language Learning and Teaching 11, nr 4 (26.12.2021): 579–606. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/ssllt.2021.11.4.5.
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To boost the foreign language learning process, language teachers need to know how to implement a multilingual pedagogy, that is, they should be able to draw on their and their students’ knowledge of other languages during lessons. This qualitative study explored the extent to which 21 foreign language teachers in Norwegian and Russian upper-secondary schools were willing and able to implement multilingual teaching practices and the factors that they thought affected this implementation. The findings revealed three main factors, namely, their language knowledge, their positioning as language learners, and the level of support they received, which the participants reported as strongly influencing the extent to which they were able and willing to draw on their and their students’ multilingualism as a pedagogical resource. The findings also indicated that participants did not implement multilingual teaching practices differently based on the languages they taught, although there were differences between the participants from Norway and Russia concerning the teaching of English. The study has important implications for research on language teaching and learning in multilingual environments, educational institutions, and teacher development programs.
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Lijphart, Arend. "The Pattern of Electoral Rules in the United States: a Deviant Case among the Industralized Democracies". Government and Opposition 20, nr 1 (1.01.1985): 18–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1477-7053.1985.tb01065.x.
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THE UNITED STATES IS THE WORLD'S SECOND LARGEST DEMOcracy (after India) and the largest of the older well-established democracies, with a very long and uninterrupted history of free elections. For this reason, it can be argued that the American democratic example has been and, should be an important model for other countries to follow. This article will focus on one important aspect of the American democratic system - the pattern of electoral rules - and it will emphasize the striking differences between the American electoral process and that of most other democracies. This contrast obviously affects the applicability of the American model to other countries that may be in the process of revising their electoral rules: because the United States is a deviant case in almost all respects, it presents clear alternatives to the more common attern but also dternatives that are so radical that they may ge difficult to transplant. The democracies with which the American pattern of electoral systems will be compared and contrasted are the 20 countries which, Me the United States, have been democratic without interruption for a relatively long time, that is, since approximately the end of the Second world War: the four large West European countries (Great Britain, France, West Germany, and Italy), the five Nordic countries (Sweden, Denmark, Norway, Finland, and Iceland), the Benelux countries (the Netherlands, Belgium and Luxembourg), Ireland, Switzerland, Austria, and five countries outside Europe (Canada, Israel, Japan, Australia, and New Zealand).
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Reynolds, Matthew. "On Judging the Oxford-Weidenfeld Translation Prize". Translation and Literature 17, nr 1 (marzec 2008): 65–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/e096813610800006x.
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The Oxford-Weidenfeld Translation Prize, funded by Lord Weidenfeld and by New College, The Queen's College, and St Anne's College in Oxford, is awarded annually. It is judged by a panel of three Oxford acadamics and/or translators, plus a guest judge from the wider literary world. The 2007 shortlist consisted of modern novels from France, Austria, and Norway; the selected poems of a contemporary German poet; three volumes of the writings of a Swiss dramatist, essayist, and story-writer; and a parallel-text version of Dante. The field of eligible books published during 2006 had of course been far larger, and was also wider-ranging, for the Oxford-Weidenfeld Translation Prize is for Englishings of prose fiction, poetry, and drama from living European languages. I have been a judge for the last four years now, and each time, when faced with the pile of eighty-odd entries, the multiple source languages (a few known to me, most not), the gamut of genres – from crime fiction and chick lit through Dumas (say) to Tolstoy and the poetry of Rilke or Kaplinski; not to mention the variety of translation challenges and ways of meeting them, from the exfoliation of a much-translated classic to the acute responsibility of introducing a writer for the first time, from the fairly straightforward demands of genre fiction to the peculiar meld of liberty and rigour required by the translation of poetry – each time, when faced with all this, I have asked: How on earth do you set about it? How can such incommensurables be compared?
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Peters, Anne Lande. "Difference in association. About bridging the cultural gap when translating Ibsen's En folkefiende". Nordlit, nr 34 (16.02.2015): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.7557/13.3351.
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<p>Ibsen-In-Translation aims at translating Ibsen’s work simultaneously into the languages of: Classic Arabic, Chinese, Egyptian, English, Hindi, Japanese, Russian and Spanish. During the translation of <em>En Folkefiende</em> the group met twice to discuss problems and help eachother’s understanding of the play. This article aims at pointing out some of the common translation-problems the eight translators encountered, and to mention specific problems I encountered in the process of translating the play into Japanese.</p><p>During our two meetings, I saw that some problems were language-specific, and that some were common to more of us. We also discovered that some words and expressions are so rooted in the Norwegian culture and that a literal translation of such words and expressions create different associations in the target language. Among the problems we had in common, there seemed to be two main categories. 1: Concepts related to Christian values, and 2: Concepts related to the Norwegian societal organization of the time. Christian values-related problems consisted of translating swearwords, translating the concepts and the associations related to the words ”temperance”, ”atheism” and ”openmindedness”. As for the problems relating to societal organization and political ideology in Norway of the time, concepts relating to the term ”borger” was a challenge for many of us. As for me specifically, I also had the added challenge of fitting the relatively democratic language of Ibsen into the Japanese hierarchical language system. </p>
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Idziak-Smoczyńska, Urszula. "Wittgenstein and the Theatre of Confession". Wittgenstein-Studien 9, nr 1 (21.02.2018): 31–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/witt-2018-0004.
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Abstract:In this article we perform a juxtaposition of Wittgenstein’s confession with the art of drama. Our aim is to transpose the private language argument criticizing the ostensive definition of internal objects (beetle in a box thought experiment) onto confession and the art of drama performance. The play (possibly called “game”) of the actor is not an expression of his soul interior, but an autonomous necessity in the most decisive meaning – which means: the only thing to be done. Correspondingly, confession doesn’t express any interior misery – it is an acting (the double sense of this word will be further developed), the only possible acting within these conditions, the only possible response to one’s condition – a condition of mutilation where human misery appears very distinctly. Confession creates neither a relation of power (as Foucault was demonstrating in his late writings) nor a form of emotional exhibitionism but a language game consisting on words judging oneself, immune to interpretation, explanation, and vanity coming from their expression. Irreplaceable words become the agent of salvation.1 This article is the effect of great encounters that helped me – a non-Wittgensteinian – to “see” Wittgenstein perhaps more than understand his philosophy. I should first address many thanks to Dr. Ilse Somavilla who welcomed me on the beautiful roof of the Brenner Archives in Innsbruck together with its director Prof. Ulrike Tanzer (Thank you!). It is through Ilse Somavilla’s writings and archive editing work that I could engage myself and follow her on a path of reading Wittgenstein with a sensibility for religion and art. I owe also a lot of thankfulness to Prof. Alois Pichler for long lasting, repeated hospitality in the Wittgenstein Archives at the Bergen University and great patience for my plans of developing research plans about Wittgenstein in the Polish Galicia. The ability to visit these two places, Norway and Austria, have left inside myself a Wittgensteinian imagery that creates the scenography of my philosophical attempt inside this article. My research would not be possible without receiving the scholarship of the Republic of Austria OEAD for which I also express my deep gratitude. I am also very grateful to Kasia Mala for her linguistic revision of my article. And finally, what triggered this Winn-gensteinian performance were unforgettable dinners with Maja, my Mother Agata, and my son Światopełek – to say they were inspiring is not enough…
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Marjanovic-Shane, Ana. "Four person-ideas in a soul-searching internally persuasive discourse". Dialogic Pedagogy: An International Online Journal 11, nr 2 (19.01.2023): A198—A216. http://dx.doi.org/10.5195/dpj.2023.478.
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The monologues presented in this article represent a particular Bakhtinian analysis of a transcript of a passionate, dramatic, and conflictual General Assembly meeting held in the first democratic school in Norway, the Experimental Gymnasium of Oslo (EGO), only two months after the school was opened, on November 2nd, 1967. In the meeting, they confronted each other with deep disagreements in their vision of the school and ways to govern it. The Bakhtinian assumption is that a dialogic analysis of any dialogue takes entering into dialogic relationships with the original participants in the analyzed dialogue (Matusov, Marjanovic-Shane, & Gradovski, 2019; Matusov, Marjanovic-Shane, Kullenberg, & Curtis, 2019). By taking the floor in the Soul-Searching Assembly, the students confronted each other fully from the bottom of their hearts and minds. Their ideas were embodied intentions, motives, reasons, and desires – what Bakhtin called the person-ideas (Bakhtin, 1999). I constructed four person-ideas based on the transcript of the Soul-searching assembly. In that process of dialogic abstraction, I attempted to distill specific points of view without depersonalizing them into abstract ideas thorn out of the living moment of their lives. The analysis through the construction of the four person-ideas complements a vignette I wrote based on the same transcript (Marjanovic-Shane, 2023b). It is both a distinctive kind of dialogic analysis, and it also helps me prepare the data regarding the students’ ideas for a further conceptual analysis, where I explore the students' ideological positions, beliefs, and worldviews. That conceptual analysis is published in a separate article of this special issue (Marjanovic-Shane, 2023a).
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Mak, I. Tong, Jay H. Kramer, Xi Chen, Joanna J. Chmielinska, Christopher F. Spurney i William B. Weglicki. "Mg supplementation attenuates ritonavir-induced hyperlipidemia, oxidative stress, and cardiac dysfunction in rats". American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 305, nr 10 (15.11.2013): R1102—R1111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.00268.2013.
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Use of protease inhibitors (PI) in HIV patients is associated with hyperlipidemia and increased risk of coronary heart disease. Chronic systemic and cardiac effects of ritonavir (RTV), a universal PI booster, and Mg supplementation were examined. RTV was administered (75 mg·kg−1·day−1 po) to Lewis×Brown-Norway hybrid (LBNF1) rats for up to 8 wk; significant increases in plasma triglyceride and cholesterol occurred from 8 days to 8 wk. At 5 wk, the expression of selected hepatic genes ( CYP7A1, CITED2, G6PC, and ME-1), which are key to lipid catabolism/synthesis, were altered toward lipogenesis. Dietary Mg supplementation (six-fold higher) completely reversed the altered expression of these genes and attenuated both hypertriglyceridemia and hypercholesterolemia. Neutrophils isolated from the RTV-treated rats displayed a three-fold higher basal and a twofold higher stimulated superoxide production; plasma isoprostane and red blood cell (RBC) GSSG levels were elevated two- to three-fold. All oxidative indices were normalized by Mg supplementation. After 5 wk, RTV caused significant decreases in cardiac left ventricular (LV) shortening fraction and LV ejection fraction; mitral valve early/late atrial ventricular filling (E/A) ratio was reduced accompanied by LV posterior wall thinning. Immunohistochemical staining revealed significant white blood cell (WBC) infiltration (5 wk) and prominent fibrosis (8 wk) in the RTV hearts. Mg supplementation attenuated RTV-induced declines in systolic and diastolic (improved mitral valve E/A ratio) function (>70%), lessened LV posterior wall thinning (by 75%), and substantially decreased the pathological markers. The known clinical hyperlipidemia effects of RTV can be mimicked in the LBNF1 rats; in association, systemic oxidative stress and progressive cardiac dysfunction occurred. Remarkably, Mg supplementation alone suppressed RTV-mediated hyperlipidemia, oxidative stress, and cardiac dysfunction.
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Marjanovic-Shane, Ana. "A paradigmatic dialogue-disagreement in a democratic school: A conceptual analysis of a soul-searching assembly meeting". Dialogic Pedagogy: An International Online Journal 11, nr 2 (19.01.2023): A217—A244. http://dx.doi.org/10.5195/dpj.2023.445.
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In this article, I attempt to conceptually analyze points of disagreement among the students of the first democratic high school in Norway, The Experimental Gymnasium of Oslo (EGO). The clashes and disagreements among the students started heating up immediately after the school was opened in the fall of 1967. As they were learning how to run their school, the students discovered profound differences in their views of education and its purposes. Their deep disagreements about the meaning of education and conflicts about their school practices almost broke up their school right at the very start of its existence. Their different understandings of education erupted in a passionate and dramatic general assembly meeting, which they later referred to as the Soul-Searching Assembly. This four-and-a-half hour-long meeting was recorded and its transcript was published (Hem & Remlov, 1969). In this article, I analyze the dialogues from the assembly, looking for the students’ diverse ideological and conceptual positions, views, desires, and underlying values. The tensions and clashes the students voiced echo the profound paradigmatic differences in conceptualizing education throughout the modern history of education, from the Enlightenment until now, a few decades into the 21st century. The purpose of my analysis is to examine these paradigmatically different views and the concerns behind them. These radically different paradigmatic, conceptual, and axiological positions have an effect on what we may consider being good, ethical, just, and true for human existence, human relationships, and human rights in general, and especially in education. The EGO students’ intensive and urgent ontological need to explain their very different positions to each other allowed me to take a closer look into the tensions and conflicts still existing in the larger cultural-historical public sphere of discourse on education.
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Forsberg, Gunnel. "Thesis: Cognitive and Behavioral Aspects of People-Place Interactions in Recreational Boating. The Case of Locals, Cabin Dwellers and Boat Tourists in the N tter y/Tj me Skerries Boating Area, South-eastern Norway". Norsk Geografisk Tidsskrift - Norwegian Journal of Geography 54, nr 1 (24.05.2000): 43–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/002919500423618.
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Boryakova, Elena E. "Vegetation cover and microtine rodents spatial distribution under conditions of Nizhny Novgorod oakwood". Samara Journal of Science 9, nr 2 (29.05.2020): 20–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/snv202103.
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This paper deals with the problem of the connection between small mammals spatial distribution and the vegetation cover. The study was carried out during the summer period of 2018 and 2019 in the landscape protected area Oakwood of the NNSU Botanical Garden in the province of Nizhny Novgorod. Three relevs were set up in various plant associations: Ulmetum pulmonarioso-asaroso-aegopodiosum, Acereto-Tilietum pulmonarioso-impatienosum (noli-tangerae), Querceto-Acereto-Tilietum asareto-aegopodiosum. A standard geobotanical description was carried out according to the generally accepted method using a series of Raunkier sites registration. Microtine rodents were trapped by standart traps and live traps. The caught animals turned out to belong to 2 genera and 3 species: the bank vole Myodes glareolus Schreber, the pygmy wood mouse Apodemus uralensis Pallas, and the field mouse Apodemus agrarius Pallas. The low population size of animals, as well as the fact that Apodemus agrarius is a co-dominant, may indirectly indicate the anthropogenic pressure in the investigated oak groves. Ecological plasticity of the species Myodes glareolus has been confirmed. Bank voles inhabit micro-habitats with the average data of illumination as well as shaded ones. In general, the vegetation projective cover and the presence of Norway maple undergrowth are crucial for the microtine rodents spatial distribution. Small mammals choose sites with a minimum number of Acer platanoides undergrowth, and gravitate to places where the projective cover of grass has moderate rates (from 35 to 50%). The Principal Component Analysis (PCA) using a vegetation cover species spectrum showed the presence of a significant factor for microtine rodents, which is associated with nitrophilous species (common nettle and touch-me-not balsam). The presence of those plants may indicate a significant anthropogenic pressure on the vegetation cover. In addition, it is important that plants belong to a particular eco-coenotic group. The species Myodes glareolus and Apodemus agrarius differ on the nemoral factor, and their ecological niches do not overlap.
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Calis, Mayke. "Noraly Beyer: ‘Ze kregen me niet klein’". Jeugd en Co 8, nr 1 (luty 2014): 26–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12449-014-0016-5.
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Shiina, Hiromitsu, Takayoshi Mihara i Nobuyuki Kobayashi. "Classification by Approximation of Normal Distribution for k-neighborhood Data using Steepest Descent Me". SIJ Transactions on Computer Science Engineering & its Applications (CSEA) 03, nr 05 (20.10.2015): 07–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.9756/sijcsea/v3i5/03080250402.
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González García, Virginia. "«ME NIEGO A QUE LA I GRIEGA PASE A LLAMARSE YE»: LOS USUARIOS DE INTERNET ANTE LA ORTOGRAFÍA Y EL DICCIONARIO DE LA REAL ACADEMIA ESPAÑOLA". Normas 1, nr 1 (26.02.2015): 93. http://dx.doi.org/10.7203/normas.1.4649.
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La recepción de las obras normativas académicas por parte de los medios de comunicación y por parte de especialistas en la materia suele ir acompañada de opiniones que aceptan o rechazan las innovaciones que estas proponen, creando mayor o menor polémica. En noviembre de 2010 los medios de comunicación del mundo hispánico presentaban un avance de la Ortografía de la lengua española de la Real Academia Española cuya reacción en las redes sociales no se hizo esperar, de tal manera que la prensa se haría eco de ella, muy pronto, como movimiento contrario a la obra académica. Este hecho resulta novedoso, pues ya no son solo los expertos e intelectuales los que opinan sobre las obras académicas, ahora la voz la tienen los hablantes de español. En este trabajo se pretende recoger las posturas más frecuentes en la red, principalmente en la red social Facebook, con respecto a dos obras principales de la RAE, la Ortografía y el Diccionario, con el fin de determinar cuáles son los elementos que mayor rechazo han causado entre los hablantes de español.
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Stulpinienė, Rita, i Rasa Žiemienė. "DEVELOPMENT OF ECOLOGICAL AWARENESS IN PROJECT ACTIVITIES". Natural Science Education in a Comprehensive School (NSECS) 27, nr 1 (25.12.2021): 74–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.48127/gu/21.27.74.
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The international ecological education project of the educational institutions' communities “Sunny Orange Train Journey” (hereinafter - the Project) was implemented in 2016 - 2020. The project starts every year on April 7. (World Health Day), ending 11 November. (St. Martin's Day, Lantern or Day of Light). The organizer of the project is Vilnius kindergarten "Rūta". The initiator and leader of the project is Rita Stulpinienė, an expert teacher at Rūta Kindergarten in Vilnius. Project coordinator - Rasa Žiemienė, Deputy Director for Education of Vilnius Kindergarten "Rūta". 2016 - 2019 The project was supported by the Vilnius City Municipality Public Environmental Education Program “Environmental Education of Institutions Subordinated to the Municipality”. The aim of the project "Sunny Orange Train Journey" is to give a child the joy of cognition by growing an pumpkin and other plants from conception to a mature plant together with a teacher and family, fostering a child's spiritual, creative powers to nurture nature, develop nature and respect for life. spirituality, ecological self-awareness, healthy lifestyle. During the five years of the project, 10 experiential activities were offered, during which educational communities joined the creation of green educational spaces and research in a green environment, providing opportunities for students to get to know the immediate environment and experience the joy of discovery. The partnership between teachers and families and the cooperation of specialists from educational institutions were strengthened in the organization of educational activities. Each year, teachers from educational institutions shared their experience of project activities at conferences entitled “Dissemination of good work experience while traveling on a sunny orange train” and had the opportunity to come up with new innovative, environmentally friendly ideas. 62 reports were delivered from various countries. The reports reflect the integration of orange activities into other activities, how to create conditions for the implementation of artistic and creative activities for children with special educational needs, how to initiate free and independent choice of children's artistic expression, promote children's creativity, self-expression and positive emotions. This project not only promoted communication and cooperation between educational institutions of the Republic of Lithuania and neighboring countries in order to achieve a better quality of education by sharing impressions and experience, but also nurtured common human values by experiencing the joy of giving. 3 photo albums, 4 electronic books "Pumpkin Recipes" have been published, the methodological tool of authentic creation "Creative Stop of the Sunny Orange Train Journey" has been created. 4 environmental events “Orange Smile Day” took place in Vilnius Vingis Park, during which two Lithuanian records were achieved. The power of a small pumpkin seed brought together communities of educational institutions for joint activities not only from Lithuania, but also from other countries of the world - Poland, Latvia, Estonia, Belarus, Norway, Germany, England, Spain and even from sunny Australia. This project, as a small baby born from a small semen, sown by the hands of educators and children, invited me to travel on an experiential nature trail. Keywords: creative activities, educational activities, green educational spaces
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Choi, Sodam. "“Do You Care That It’s Me?”: Octavia E. Butler’s “Bloodchild” and The New Normal in the Age of Posthumanism". Journal of American Studies 53, nr 1 (31.05.2021): 211–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.22505/jas.2021.53.1.08.
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Stephenson, Greg. "Technology Focus: Artificial Lift (March 2022)". Journal of Petroleum Technology 74, nr 03 (1.03.2022): 57–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/0322-0057-jpt.
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What is the one thing you can do that will provide the greatest benefit to your artificial lift operations? For me, the answer to that question is simple: focus on surveillance. Surveillance is the foundation of any artificial lift optimization program. Effective surveillance practices allow you to keep track of how your system is performing against predefined targets, understand the current state of your artificial lift system, and identify which wells are at risk of failure. It also helps you identify ways to prevent failures through better selection, design, and application of artificial lift technology. At the heart of any effective surveillance program is a set of thoughtfully selected key performance indicators (KPIs). Establishing surveillance KPIs helps you set goals and track your progress against them so that you can zero in on the areas in greatest need of improvement. Typical KPIs include production volumes, operational expenditures, downtime, capital expenditures, failure frequency, and intervention frequency. A variety of tools and techniques are used daily to monitor and control the performance of artificial lift systems. As technology has evolved, so have these surveillance practices. Historically, artificial lift surveillance was performed using manual techniques, such as measuring and evaluating produced volumes, collecting acoustic fluid levels, evaluating two-pen charts and amp charts, collecting and analyzing dynamometer cards, collecting pressure and temperature surveys, performing teardowns and root-cause failure analysis, and using well and network models to understand system performance better. As automation technology developed, these techniques were enhanced through real-time data collection, the use of permanent downhole gauges, and real-time control using wellsite intelligence. With the introduction of automation, exception-based management techniques were introduced to leverage the time and energy of personnel to the greatest benefit. This allowed operators to focus their efforts on dealing with “bad actors” and finding “low-hanging fruit” rather than spending their time looking at every single well each day. Today, artificial lift surveillance practices continue to evolve through data-science and data-analytics techniques. Data analytics allow operators to put an ever-growing volume of data to work. Such techniques, generally classified as descriptive analytics, diagnostic analytics, predictive analytics, and prescriptive analytics, often combine statistical and physics-based principles to find opportunities faster than traditional practices can. Descriptive analytics allow operators to answer questions about what has happened, diagnostic analytics help operators answer questions about why the events happened, predictive analytics help operators answer questions about what will happen, and prescriptive analytics help operators answer questions about what should be done. This month’s JPT features examples of three such systems. Paper SPE 207290 provides an example of how automated well models are being used to improve the performance of progressing cavity pumps in a large Middle Eastern asset. Paper SPE 200825 shows how one operator is using artificial neural networks to predict failures in sucker rod pumping applications. Finally, paper IPTC 20254 shows how genetic algorithms can be used to accelerate the surveillance and optimization of a large population of gas lift wells. As an added bonus, one of our recommended papers for further reading, paper SPE 207550, illustrates how data analytics techniques are being used to predict failures in electric submersible pumping applications. Recommended additional reading at OnePetro: www.onepetro.org. SPE 208136 - Gas-Lift-Valves Replacement in Norway Field Using Riserless Light Well Intervention Vessel by Antonio Fiameni, Eni, et al. SPE 207550 - Real-Time Implementation of ESP Predictive Analytics—Toward Value Realization From Data Science by Antonio Andrade Marin, Petroleum Development Oman, et al. URTEC 208406 - Statistical Process Control for Early Detection of Progressive Cavity Pump Failures in Vertical Unconventional Gas Wells by Suren Indrajith Rathnayake, The University of Queensland, et al.
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Varul, Paul. "Dear reader",. Juridica International 30 (13.10.2021): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.12697/ji.2021.30.00.
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This is the thirtieth issue of Juridica International. The first was published back in 1996, and, in general, one issue has been published each year since then. While 2007, 2008, 2014, and 2017 saw the publication of two issues each, no year has failed to feature. Though serving as a journal of the University of Tartu, Juridica International is also the only peer-reviewed legal journal published in Estonia to enjoy broad international distribution. Thus, for 26 years, it has been the calling card of Estonian jurisprudence on the world stage. However, it has been more than that. The involvement of foreign authors is just as important as the aim of providing Estonian authors with an opportunity to participate in international scientific discussion. There is every reason to be proud of the fact that the journal’s 30 issues have featured authors from 25 other countries: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Georgia, Germany, United Kingdom, Hungary, Italy, Kazakhstan, Latvia, Lithuania, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Sweden, Ukraine, and the USA. Among the authors are many who are in the uppermost echelon of the world’s leading professors in their field. In its first years, one of the main goals for Juridica International was to introduce and analyse the legal reforms carried out in Estonia, which were of vital interest to foreign readers as well; however, this has not been the case for a long time now. Today, the primary focus is on participation in international legal discussion, wherein, alongside the development of national law, great emphasis is placed on European Union law and other cross-border regulation whose reach extends between countries. That said, the purpose of introducing the development of Estonian law and legal thinking at international level has not been discarded. After all, Estonia is still highly noteworthy as a country of successful reforms, not least legal reforms. Therefore, a matter of ongoing interest is whether this country, which has succeeded so well with groundbreaking reforms, can be as successful in a stable situation across the board. The range of topics covered in the 30 issues of Juridica International is very wide; no important area of law has been neglected, and listing all of them would take too long. What could be highlighted above all are topics related to European Union law and the Constitution of Estonia, but also crucial are the writings on many issues related to aspects of the law of obligations, property law, company law, penal law, competition law, personal data protection, media law, medical law, international law, and several other fields. Significant attention has been paid to the possibilities for harmonisation of law and mutual interactions, both between countries and between distinct branches of law. Likewise, the writings have considered key general issues of law, such as its interpretation, the effect of justice policy on legislative drafting, and the protection of the fundamental rights and freedoms of individuals. The ability to publish a journal – and a reason to do so – exists only if readers are interested in that journal. What makes me the happiest is that, over the years, readers’ interest has increased and the geographical area within which people read Juridica International has grown. Most certainly, the fact that for quite some time the journal has been available online has contributed to this. A big ‘thank you’ to all of the readers! I also want to thank every one of the authors, the members of the editorial board, and my colleagues who have made it possible to publish 30 quality issues of Juridica International. I especially wish to highlight the contribution of the foreign members of the editorial board – professors Christian von Bar, Werner Krawietz (1933–2019), Erik Nerep, and Thomas Wilhelmsson – whose participation in the board’s work has played an important role in securing the solid international reputation of the journal. I hope for continued enthusiasm on the writers’ part and interest among readers for the next 30 issues!
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Neill, Lindsay, Ayeesha Taylor i Nigel Hemmington. "Waiter, there’s a fly in my coffee!" Hospitality Insights 5, nr 2 (22.12.2021): 9–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.24135/hi.v5i2.114.
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The hospitality industry is under intense pressure. COVID-19 restrictions and limited trading opportunities have forced restaurateurs to consider their pricing structures. Reflecting those concerns, Richard Corney, MD of the Inigo Coffee Group, proposed that the retail price of a cup of coffee needed to rise to between $6.50 and $7.00 to “take into account all the other cost increases hospitality establishments have experienced in the last decade, not to mention the challenges of the pandemic in the last two years” [1]. Alongside these revenue issues, the industry also needs to move away from a tradition of low pay and low value [2], and perhaps towards the concept of a ‘hospitable wage’ [3]. However, laudable as these goals might be, upward price movement may be resisted by many customers.
So how can restaurateurs and hoteliers ‘sell’ revised-price-products to their customers? Clearly, increased revenue can be achieved through both marginal price increases and up-selling to increase average customer spend. We propose that both of these goals can be achieved if employers embrace the concept of hospitality as an experience [4, 5], where the performance of staff is central [6], and where the experience is delivered with ‘hospitality personality’.
Much has been written about the personality of hospitality staff. Most of that work can be traced back to the early work of Erving Goffman [7] who proposed that hospitality employees were playing roles, and acting out, by using their emotional intelligence. Goffman likened such workers to actors who literally ‘take on’ a character. The characteristics of the hospitality personality have been explored by many authors [8–10] and include, agreeableness, extroversion, openness to experience, conscientiousness, and emotional stability; although some research also reveals that neuroticism is also a hospitality characteristic in hotel receptionists. Alongside this research, other studies have identified the role of mood and personality in positive guest experiences, specifically service quality perception and customer satisfaction [11]. This supports our suggestion that the performance of staff can have a direct impact on customer experience and potentially revenue, and that Corney’s price recommendation could be a realistic option for many businesses struggling economically.
But there’s a ‘fly in the ointment’: the Tall Poppy Syndrome. Tall poppy syndrome originated around 500BC in ancient Rome, when King Tarquinius Superbus demonstrated how the nation should deal with its enemies. In an active display he lopped off the heads of the tallest poppies in his garden with a stick [12]. Today, tall poppies are conspicuously successful people, who may attract envy, resentment or hostility, and the Tall Poppy Syndrome (TPS) is the habit of others to diminish those who have attained excellence in a field – to cut them down to size [13]. While TPS is commonly associated with Australia and New Zealand, it is also part of other cultures. Within Scandinavian cultures, janteloven1 promotes humility and conformity paralleling TPS [15]; in Japanese culture, ‘the nail that sticks up gets pounded down’ [16]; and within Filipino culture a crab mentality exists whereby crabs in a bucket tend to pull back any adventurous crabs trying to escape [17]. TPS is often described as being ingrained in New Zealand culture [18] and has been identified as a phenomenon in New Zealand entrepreneurship and business [19].
While TPS encourages conformist cultures, our research provides a valuable insight into how employers can spot potential employees who actively resist notions of TPS’s conformity and are more likely to perform to the highest levels. Using Instagram, we interviewed 1000 young self-identifying New Zealanders to explore their qualitative experiences of TPS. They identified as 68% female and 32% male. Their age ranges were: 58% aged 18–24; 27% aged 25–34; 7% aged 35–44; 3% aged 45–54; and 2% aged 55 or above. Three percent of the respondents were excluded from our final sample because they were aged 17 or younger.
The respondents’ feelings, victimhood, self-esteem, and knowledge about TPS provided our research with the largest amount of data. Of our 1000 participants, 50% knew what TPS was, while 50% did not. Similarly, 45% of our respondents claimed to be victims of TPS. Contrastingly, 55% had no experiences of TPS. Within those considerations, the data revealed clearly that TPS was perceived by participants as ‘something done to them’ and not as ‘something they do to other people’. Yet, and despite that difference, the pervasive nature of TPS within Kiwi socio-culture was noted by participants.
Several participants recounted the cost of TPS; for example, “Definitely held me back. It can knock your confidence so much” and “Made me want to hide/play down my talents/my life.” Other participants perceived TPS “put-downs” (belittling or humiliating remarks) as a challenge or motivating force. They commented, “Uncomfortable but it pushed me harder to be even more successful” and “It motivated me. I realized people saw something in me and strived to continue improving.”
For the 45% of our participants directly experiencing TPS, those experiences were grounded within two base reactions. Reflecting that, more than half of our participants adopted conformist behaviours, succumbing to the bullying pressures of others. However, 45% recognised TPS and its bullying as a motivator to create further behaviours and actions of excellence.
The role of social media in TPS was significant. Participants directly linked TPS to social media with 89% of respondents recognising the role of social media in TPS. Key to their views was the realisation that social media not only provided distance between people but also that people used social media to manipulate the image they projected to others. In those ways, social media was a mediating factor. As participants observed, “Easier to be mean and cut someone down through a comment than to their face” and “Social media has made it easier to abuse and put down those that stand out.”
Given the attributes of the hospitality personality, and Richard Corney’s proposed pricing restructures in hospitality, the key is for employers to consider the resilience of their staff to TPS and conformity. They should consider whether they can recruit and retain the 45% of staff that use TPS as inspiration to succeed – the staff who will rise the challenge of delivering exceptional customer experiences through their own performance of the ‘hospitality personality’. It is within the unique characteristics of these staff that hospitality businesses can generate that extra point of difference and experience that customers will be happy to pay a little more to enjoy; and perhaps hospitality businesses might go a step further by also considering the concept of the ‘hospitable wage’.
Corresponding author
Lindsay Neill can be contacted at: lindsay.neill@aut.ac.nz
Note
“Janteloven (the law of Jante) at its simplest describes the way that all Norwegians (and in fact, other Scandinavians too) behave: putting society ahead of the individual, not boasting about individual accomplishments, and not being jealous of others” [14].
References
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