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Burden, Adrian M. "Normalisation of electromyograms". Thesis, University of Brighton, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.247823.
Pełny tekst źródłaChapman, James Maitland. "Type checking and normalisation". Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2009. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/10824/.
Pełny tekst źródłaKammoun, Samia. "Normalisation, coopération et incitation". Toulouse 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997TOU10018.
Pełny tekst źródłaIn this thesis, we analyse standardization strategies of competing firms and the interactions between public agency or private organization with private agents that decide to standardize their products. In the first part, we are interested with the process by which standards are established. In the first chapter, a classification of norms based on their economic function and on their impact on market structure is made. In the second chapter, we focus on the role of standards in international trade. We discuss the legal and institutional treatment of norms as a technical barrier to trade. In chapter 3, we show market failures in standardization process. Then we describe firm's strategies and objectives when they participate in the creation of norms. Since private and social benefits are not perfectly correlated, we propose in the second part of this work a collective regulation of standardization activities, either by a public agency or by private organizations inducing some cooperation between firms. In chapter 4, we study professional control when standardization strategies, characterized by spillover effect on the demand side, are decided cooperatively or not. In chapter 5, we analyse public regulation of standardization activities, including consumer's interests. The characteristics of the optimal incentive scheme under asymmetric information between the regulator and the firms are determined
Davidyan, Artak. "Normalisation et activités financières". Paris 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA010283.
Pełny tekst źródłaSchenk, Eric. "Externalistes de reseau et compatibilite la concurrence entre standards". Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999STR1EC03.
Pełny tekst źródłaTechnology competition often exhibits positive network externalities, according to which the utility of a good increases with the number of users of compatible ones. This thesis aims at analysing the consequences and determinants of compatibility relationships in a context of competing technologies. In the first part, we study the economic impact of network externalities, given the compatibility which prevails. The first chapter discusses the concepts of network and compatibility. The second one offers a survey of the literature on technology adoption. In the third chapter, we propose a model based on generalised polya urn schemes. The evolution of market shares of two competing standards is modelled as the outcome of their compatibility and the heterogeneity of consumers. The second part of the thesis analyses the strategic use of compatibility by firms. In the fourth chapter, we consider the interplay between compatibility decisions and the nature of interfirm competition. Within a logit model of oligopoly, we show that firms tend to use compatibility in order to reduce the intensity of price competition. The fifth chapter deals with strategic standardisation decisions when compatibility increases product substitutability. By means of a nested logit approach, we show that compatibility decisions lead to a trade-off between the importance of network externalities and the intensity of competition. We analyse this trade, off according to the concavity of the network externality function
Cousineau, Denis. "Modèles et normalisation des preuves". Phd thesis, Ecole Polytechnique X, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00433165.
Pełny tekst źródłaPolonovski, Emmanuel. "Subsitutions explicites, logique et normalisation". Phd thesis, Université Paris-Diderot - Paris VII, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00007962.
Pełny tekst źródłaformalisme utilisé pour étudier la sémantique des langages de programmation. L'objet de cette thèse
est l'étude de leurs propriétés de normalisation forte et de préservation de la normalisation forte. Ce
manuscrit rend compte de plusieurs travaux autour de ces propriétés de normalisation, regroupés en
trois volets.
Le premier d'entre eux formalise une technique générale de preuve de normalisation forte utilisant
la préservation de la normalisation forte. On applique cette technique à un spectre assez large de calculs
avec substitutions explicites afin de mesurer les limites de son utilisation. Grâce à cette technique, on
prouve un résultat nouveau : la normalisation forte du lambda-upsilon-calcul simplement typé.
Le deuxième travail est l'étude de la normalisation d'un calcul symétrique non-déterministe issu de
la logique classique formulée dans le calcul des séquents, auquel est ajouté des substitutions explicites.
La conjonction des problèmes posés par les calculs symétriques et ceux posés par les substitutions
explicites semble vouer à l'échec l'utilisation de preuves par réductibilité. On utilise alors la technique
formalisée dans le premier travail, ce qui nous demande de prouver tout d'abord la préservation de la
normalisation forte. A cette fin, on utilise un fragment de la théorie de la perpétuité dans les systèmes
de réécriture.
La définition d'une nouvelle version du lambda-ws-calcul avec nom, le lambda-wsn-calcul, constitue le troisième
volet de la thèse. Pour prouver sa normalisation forte par traduction et simulation dans les réseaux
de preuve, on enrichit l'élimination des coupures de ceux-ci avec une nouvelle règle, ce qui nous oblige
à prouver que cette nouvelle notion de réduction est fortement normalisante.
Xu, Ruixia. "New results in colour normalisation". Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.399806.
Pełny tekst źródłaNeveu, David. "La normalisation des dispositifs médicaux". Bordeaux 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997BOR2P105.
Pełny tekst źródłaWade, Aïssa. "Normalisation de structures de Poisson". Montpellier 2, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996MON20117.
Pełny tekst źródłaJubé, Samuel. "Droit social et normalisation comptable". Nantes, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008NANT4030.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe European Union decided on July 19th 2002 to enforce the International Accounting Standards set by the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB). Workers and Trade Unions became concemed with accounting standardization matters. Some said the adoptior of fair value measurement could impact the management of the firm and shorten its view. Others emphasized on the fact that EU listed companies would now have to recognize a liability for the present value of their defined benefit obligations and wondered wether there could be an impact on their social protection. This research's purpose was to investigate the impacts of accounting standards within the labour law. To do so, we came back on the accounting standardization phenomenon in itself and its effects on accounting social functions. We analysed the way it impacted French labour law through the institution of work councils, profit-sharing, dismissal, and the adoption of such tools as the bilan social (social balance sheet) and the bilan de compétences (skills balance sheet). We also tried to find out if accounting standards truly provided a true and fair view of both the nature and value of defined benefit obligations and of the employees' value for the firm. As we came to the conclusion that it did not, we proposed some solutions to reconcile labour law and accounting standards
Polonovski, Emmanuel. "Substitutions explicites, logiques et normalisation". Paris 7, 2004. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00007962.
Pełny tekst źródłaBaranes, Marion. "Normalisation orthographique de corpus bruités". Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015USPCC304.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe information contained in messages posted on the Internet (forums, social networks, review sites. . . ) is of strategic importance for many companies. However, few tools have been designed for analysing such messages, the spelling, typography and syntax of which are often noisy. This industrial PhD thesis has been carried out within the viavoo company with the aim of improving the results of a lemma-based information retrieval Cool. We have developed a processing pipeline for the normalisation of noisy texts. Its aim is to ensure that each word is assigned the standard spelling corresponding to one of its lemma's inflected forms. First, among all tokens of the corpus that are unknown to a reference lexicon, we automatically determine which ones result from alterations — and therefore should be normalised — as opposed to those that do not (neologisms, loanwords. . . ). Normalisation candidates are then generated for these tokens using weighted rules obtained by analogy¬based machine learning techniques. Next we identify tokens that are known to the reference lexicon but are nevertheless the result of an alteration (grammatical errors), and generate normalisation candidates for each of them. Finally, language models allow us to perform a context-sensitive disambiguation of the normalisation candidates generated for all types of alterations. Numerous experiments and evaluations are carried out on French data for each module and for the overall pipeline. Special attention has been paid to keep all modules as language-independent as possible, which paves the way for future adaptations of our pipeline to other European languages
Harmston, Nathan. "Probabilistic species-driven gene mention normalisation". Thesis, Imperial College London, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/39837.
Pełny tekst źródłaGabbay, Michael Joel. "Proof-normalisation and truth by definition". Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2005. http://sas-space.sas.ac.uk/1053/.
Pełny tekst źródłaHe, Ben. "Term frequency normalisation for information retrieval". Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.438090.
Pełny tekst źródłaDeterding, David Henry. "Speaker normalisation for automatic speech recognition". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.359822.
Pełny tekst źródłaMangematin, Vincent. "Recherche coopérative et stratégie de normalisation". Paris 9, 1993. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=1993PA090002.
Pełny tekst źródłaThree major results can be drawn from this research : 1) the characteristics of technical objects depend of the mode by which they were designed and developed. Technology designed by a consortium will be different to equivalent technology designed by the firm alone. 2) The nature and the intensity of the competition are influenced by the characteristics of technical objects. Information and communication technologies in particular are subjected to increasing returns to adoption. It is necessary to manage the latter, in particular by choosing the right first users. 3) Strategic management of technology implies a precise description of technologies in competition. The research has led to the constitution of such a repertoire. Thanks to this description, the manager can determine the level of compatibility and substitutability of his technology. Enterprises can influence the qualification of there products and thereby influence the competition by competing in a field in which they have a strategic advantage
Ezzabdi, El Mokhtar. "La normalisation du droit bancaire marocain". Perpignan, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PERP1047.
Pełny tekst źródłaTurinetti, Alice. "La normalisation : Etude en droit économique". Thesis, Montpellier 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014MON10041.
Pełny tekst źródłaWhile the use of standards is increasing in the field of economic activities, it is pertinent to note that the theoretical understanding of the phenomenon was often limited to technical identification. However, standardization should be held to a broader normative phenomenon, both legal and practical implications can not be ignored. The thesis presented here provides a comprehensive study of the phenomenon. This shows the extraordinary variety and complexity of itsrelationship with the economic law. Reflection based on the premise that standardization occurs in the legal system through various forms of standards, which are not confined to the field of technical standardization. Therefore, the adoption of a conceptual analysis makes sense. On the one hand, it allows to identify the characteristics that are used to identify normative events coming or not a process of normalization. On the other hand, it specifies how standards from standardization are carriers of legal normativity. Such analysis is logically complemented by a functional approach to the phenomenon. It reveals the contribution of this process to the implementation of economic law and specifies howt hey can participate in its creation. Nevertheless, the articulation of economic normalization with the law is not limited to the contribution of the former to the latter. Thus, the study of the confrontation of standardization in this area will allow us to observe that, although standardization facilitates trade and to some extent competition, it may also restrict competition between firms in the market
Charre, Bich Thuy. "Normalisation environnementale et organisation de l'industrie". Nice, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000NICE0007.
Pełny tekst źródłaDawes, Nicola Louise. "Normalisation and analysis of genome expression data". Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.430348.
Pełny tekst źródłaAler, Tubella Andrea. "A study of normalisation through subatomic logic". Thesis, University of Bath, 2017. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.715305.
Pełny tekst źródłaCoetsee, Dirko. "Conditional random fields for noisy text normalisation". Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/96064.
Pełny tekst źródłaENGLISH ABSTRACT: The increasing popularity of microblogging services such as Twitter means that more and more unstructured data is available for analysis. The informal language usage in these media presents a problem for traditional text mining and natural language processing tools. We develop a pre-processor to normalise this noisy text so that useful information can be extracted with standard tools. A system consisting of a tokeniser, out-of-vocabulary token identifier, correct candidate generator, and N-gram language model is proposed. We compare the performance of generative and discriminative probabilistic models for these different modules. The effect of normalising the training and testing data on the performance of a tweet sentiment classifier is investigated. A linear-chain conditional random field, which is a discriminative model, is found to work better than its generative counterpart for the tokenisation module, achieving a 0.76% character error rate compared to 1.41% for the finite state automaton. For the candidate generation module, however, the generative weighted finite state transducer works better, getting the correct clean version of a word right 36% of the time on the first guess, while the discriminatively trained hidden alignment conditional random field only achieves 6%. The use of a normaliser as a pre-processing step does not significantly affect the performance of the sentiment classifier.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Mikro-webjoernale soos Twitter word al hoe meer gewild, en die hoeveelheid ongestruktureerde data wat beskikbaar is vir analise groei daarom soos nooit tevore nie. Die informele taalgebruik in hierdie media maak dit egter moeilik om tradisionele tegnieke en bestaande dataverwerkingsgereedskap toe te pas. ’n Stelsel wat hierdie ruiserige teks normaliseer word ontwikkel sodat bestaande pakkette gebruik kan word om die teks verder te verwerk. Die stelsel bestaan uit ’n module wat die teks in woordeenhede opdeel, ’n module wat woorde identifiseer wat gekorrigeer moet word, ’n module wat dan kandidaat korreksies voorstel, en ’n module wat ’n taalmodel toepas om die mees waarskynlike skoon teks te vind. Die verrigting van diskriminatiewe en generatiewe modelle vir ’n paar van hierdie modules word vergelyk en die invloed wat so ’n normaliseerder op die akkuraatheid van ’n sentimentklassifiseerder het word ondersoek. Ons bevind dat ’n lineêre-ketting voorwaardelike toevalsveld—’n diskriminatiewe model — beter werk as sy generatiewe eweknie vir tekssegmentering. Die voorwaardelike toevalsveld-model behaal ’n karakterfoutkoers van 0.76%, terwyl die toestandsmasjien-model 1.41% behaal. Die toestantsmasjien-model werk weer beter om kandidaat woorde te genereer as die verskuilde belyningsmodel wat ons geïmplementeer het. Die toestandsmasjien kry 36% van die tyd die regte weergawe van ’n woord met die eerste raaiskoot, terwyl die diskriminatiewe model dit slegs 6% van die tyd kan doen. Laastens het ons bevind dat die vooraf normalisering van Twitter boodskappe nie ’n beduidende effek op die akkuraatheid van ’n sentiment klassifiseerder het nie.
Battyanyi, Péter. "Propriétés de normalisation de calculs logiques symétriques". Chambéry, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007CHAMS038.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis thesis examines, from proof theoretical point of view, some of the calculi which can be related to classical logic by the Curry-Howard isomorphism. First of all, we study the simply typed λμ-calculus defined by Parigot. Parigot proved that the λμ-calculus is strongly normalizing. David and Nour showed that the strong normalization is preserved for the λμμ'-calculus also. This is no more true if we add the ρ-rule to the λμμ'-calculus. However, the weak normalization still holds. We prove that the untyped μμ'ρ calculus as well as the typed λμμ'ρ-calculus are weakly normalizing. Next, a bound for the lengths of the reduction sequences in the simply typed λμρθ-calculus is established, extending a result of Xi stated for the simply typed λ-calculus. Then we give an arithmetical proof for the strong normalization of the simply typed symmetric λ-calculus defined by Berardi and Barbanera. Finally, we define a translation between the simply typed symmetric λ-calculus and an extension of the λμ*-calculus of Curien and Herbelin in such a way that the strong normalization of one of the calculi implies that of the other one
OLIVE, FREDERIC. "Caracterisation des problemes np : robustesse et normalisation". Caen, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996CAEN2028.
Pełny tekst źródłaZamphiroff, Olivier. "Esquisse d'une théorie juridique de la normalisation". Aix-Marseille 3, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990AIX32011.
Pełny tekst źródłaStandardization concerns jurist in a double bearing. On the one hand, standardization may be described as a legal process of a quality policy (1). On the other, standardization must be considered as legal process of contract arrangement (ii). 1. Standardization presents the legal setting which enables the meeting of all the economic life actors in order to settle the quality status of products and services by means of elaboration specific technical documents called "standards". Parallely the infrequent cases of compulsory standards, professionals will voluntarily comply with standards owing to their value for the public management and judge. Ii. By means of contractual information standardized process, of reference to the technical standards in the contracts, of standardized recommandations to conclued some contracts, of standardized payment process, standardization seeks, voluntarily or not, both stage of formation and effects of the contract, objectives of simplification and equalization of the contractual relation
Chiabrando, Fabien. "Risque avec normalisation aléatoire et test d'additivité". Aix-Marseille 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008AIX11086.
Pełny tekst źródłaMy thesis is devoted to the extension of the notion of risk with normalizing factor, initiated by Lepski, in the regression model. This method aims to fight the "curse of dimensionality" faced in estimation problems using hypothesis testing theory
Ebersold, Serge. "La normalisation de l'infirme, l'invention du handicap". Strasbourg 2, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991STR20011.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe language of handicap appears very complex for anybody who wants analyse it : even if it entered into the law vocabulary and forced itself into scientist theories, it's still quite difficult to define it. That is the reason why this research analyses this language from the analysis of the process in which this language was socialy organized; that means that this research takes count of the relations system which producted what appears as a preconstructed object. The sociology of handicap is in that sens a sociology where the preconstructed object is the object of the research. The analysis doesn't try to define the frontiers between normality and pathology but the social and historical conditions which contribued to the utilization of the language of handicap to design the deficient persons
Busatto, Renato. "The use of proof planning in normalisation". Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/21666.
Pełny tekst źródłaJiang, Kai. "Normalisation C-infini des systèmes complètement intégrables". Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016USPCC298/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis thesis is devoted to the local geometric linearization of completely integrable systems in the C1 category. The subject is the geometric linearization conjecture proposed (and proved in the analytic case) by Nguyen Tien Zung. We start from linear systems and introduce normalization in the formal category. Wes how that an integrable system can be decomposed into a hyperbolic part and an elliptic part. We establish a good Poincaré-Dulac normal form for the vector fields and discuss its relation with geometric linearization. We prove that weakly hyperbolic integrable systems are geometrically linearizable byusing Chaperon’s tools. We then study integrable systems on small dimensional spaces: if the dimension is no more than 4, then most cases are geometrically linearizable; in particular,geometric linearization works for integrable system of focus-focus type. Finally, we generalize the proof to high dimensions and propose a condition about strongly invariant manifolds, under which we linearize the systems in the geometric sense. We also manage to normalize an R × T-action of several focuses by referring to the ideas of Zung
Grenard, Agnès. "Normalisation, certification et organisation institutionnelle de l'industrie". Nice, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000NICE0016.
Pełny tekst źródłaTissot, Hegler Correa. "Normalisation of imprecise temporal expressions extracted from text". reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFPR, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1884/43255.
Pełny tekst źródłaCo-Orientador : Prof. Dr. Angus Roberts
Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor de Ciências Exatas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Informática. Defesa: Curitiba, 05/04/2016
Inclui referências : f. 95-105
Resumo: Técnicas e sistemas de extração de informações são capazes de lidar com a crescente quantidade de dados não estruturados disponíveis hoje em dia. A informação temporal está entre os diferentes tipos de informações que podem ser extraídos a partir de tais fontes de dados não estruturados, como documentos de texto. Informações temporais descrevem as mudanças que acontecem através da ocorrência de eventos, e fornecem uma maneira de gravar, ordenar e medir a duração de tais ocorrências. A impossibilidade de identificar e extrair informação temporal a partir de documentos textuais faz com que seja difícil entender como os eventos são organizados em ordem cronológica. Além disso, em muitas situações, o significado das expressões temporais é impreciso, e não pode ser descrito com precisão, o que leva a erros de interpretação. As soluções existentes proporcionam formas alternativas de representar expressões temporais imprecisas. Elas são, entretanto, específicas e difíceis de generalizar. Além disso, a análise de dados temporais pode ser particularmente ineficiente na presença de erros ortográficos. As abordagens existentes usam métodos de similaridade para procurar palavras válidas dentro de um texto. No entanto, elas não são suficientes para processos erros de ortografia de uma forma eficiente. Nesta tese é apresentada uma metodologia para analisar e normalizar das expressões temporais imprecisas, em que, após a coleta e pré-processamento de dados sobre a forma como as pessoas interpretam descrições vagas de tempo no texto, diferentes técnicas são comparadas a fim de criar e selecionar o modelo de normalização mais apropriada para diferentes tipos de expressões imprecisas. Também são comparados um sistema baseado em regras e uma abordagem de aprendizagem de máquina na tentativa de identificar expressões temporais em texto, e é analisado o processo de produção de padrões de anotação, identificando possíveis fontes de problemas, dando algumas recomendações para serem consideradas no futuro esforços de anotação manual. Finalmente, é proposto um mapa fonético e é avaliado como a codificação de informação fonética poderia ser usado a fim de auxiliar os métodos de busca de similaridade e melhorar a qualidade da informação extraída.
Abstract: Information Extraction systems and techniques are able to deal with the increasing amount of unstructured data available nowadays. Time is amongst the different kinds of information that may be extracted from such unstructured data sources, including text documents. Time describes changes which happen through the occurrence of events, and provides a way to record, order, and measure the duration of such occurrences. The inability to identify and extract temporal information from text makes it difficult to understand how the events are organized in a chronological order. Moreover, in many situations, the meaning of temporal expressions is imprecise, and cannot be accurately described, leading to interpretation errors. Existing solutions provide alternative ways of representing imprecise temporal expressions, though they are specific and hard to generalise. Furthermore, the analysis of temporal data may be particularly inefficient in the presence of spelling errors. Existing approaches use string similarity methods to search for valid words within a text. However, they are not rich enough to processes misspellings in an efficient way. In this thesis, we present a methodology to analyse and normalise of imprecise temporal expressions, in which, after collecting and pre-processing data on how people interpret vague descriptions of time in text, we compare different techniques in order to create and select the most appropriate normalisation model for different kinds of imprecise expressions. We also compare how a rule-based system and a machine learning approach perform on trying to identify temporal expression from text, and we analyse the process of producing gold standards, identifying possible sources of issues, giving some recommendations to be considered in future manual annotation efforts. Finally, we propose a phonetic map and evaluate how encoding phonetic information could be used in order to assist similarity search methods and improve information extraction quality.
Poissonier, Maud Beatrix. "Iconic normalisation and segmentation in x-ray mammograms". Thesis, University of Oxford, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.289122.
Pełny tekst źródłaKolossiatis, Michalis. "Modelling via normalisation for parametric and nonparametric inference". Thesis, University of Warwick, 2009. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/2769/.
Pełny tekst źródłaLaurence, Grégoire. "Normalisation et Apprentissage de Transductions d'Arbres en Mots". Phd thesis, Université des Sciences et Technologie de Lille - Lille I, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01053084.
Pełny tekst źródłaGundersen, Tom E. "A general view of normalisation through atomic flows". Thesis, University of Bath, 2009. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.519026.
Pełny tekst źródłaMolinder, Herman. "Adaptive Normalisation of Programme Loudness in Audiovisual Broadcasts". Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Kommunikationssystem, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-128795.
Pełny tekst źródłaLoudness är ett subjektivt mått på hur högljudd en ljudsignal uppfattas. Till följd av kommersiellt tryck har loudness utnyttjats i sändningar för att locka och nå tittare. Genom signalbehandling är det möjligt att öka loudness-nivån på en ljudsignal och fortfarande uppfylla dagens lagstadgade signalnivåkrav. Med strävan att uppnå en lika medel-loudness-nivå mellan alla program har Europeiska radio- och TV-unionen publicerat en standard som föreslår metoder för att kvantifiera loudness. Denna rapport tillämpar dessa metoder och föreslår en algoritm som adaptivt normaliserar loudness-nivån i audiovisuella sändningar utan att påverka dynamiken inuti program. Huvudtillämpningen för algoritmen är att normalisera ljudsignalen i sändnings- och distributionsutrustning med realtidskrav. Resultaten erhölls från simuleringar i Matlab där kommersiella sändningar användes. Resultaten visade att för vissa typer av sändningar lyckades algoritmen minska variationen i medel-loudness-nivå med smärre påverkan på dynamik inuti program.
Hamza, Taher Tawfik Ahmed. "Normalisation techniques in proof theory and category theory". Thesis, University of St Andrews, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/13371.
Pełny tekst źródłaLohrmann, Philipp. "Normalisation holomorphe et sectorielle de structures de Poisson". Toulouse 3, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006TOU30057.
Pełny tekst źródłaPéraldi, Leneuf Fabienne. "La politique communautaire d'harmonisation technique et de normalisation". Université Robert Schuman (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996STR30013.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe study of the community technical harmonization and standardization policy, does make appear the emergence of a new regulative intervention of the european community in the field of free trade of goods and particulary, in the industrial product's regulation. The particular character of this new procedure lies on its innovating legislative technique and on its purpose. It does establish a deregulation procedure as regards the harmonization directives, charging specialized private authorities with the task of developping technical standards, activity that until now came under the legislative fiels. Thus, a lightening of the normative work of institutions is achieved, allowing then to concentrate on the definition of security requirements, generating in this way a better efficiency. Beyong the character related to its conception, the technical harmonization an standardization policy, does make clear the appearence of a european normalization public service. This would find itself in between the liberal formule and the french conception on this field. Actually, even if characterized by the promotion of the community's public interest activity, it does not contain links narrowly connecting public and private authorities as is the case en France
Guilbert, Françoise. "Le pouvoir sanitaire : essai sur la normalisation hygiénique". Université Robert Schuman (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1993STR30001.
Pełny tekst źródłaFrom all the specialized reviews of his golden century (the XIXe), this work searchs to design the link which binds the normalization enterprise and the construction of a power which is subsequent, to the other normative systems (law, myths, scientific rationalisation, customs. . . ) And contributes to the space of civilization. The lead followed in the three books ( the man, the microcosm, the homeland) holds in a dodging of the body as a thing in order to make of it a gouvernable person. It is the essential fundation of civilization, which only accepts the norms in accordance and are in a perpetual work of harmonization
Bergman, Nicklas. "Unsupervised Normalisation of Historical Spelling : A Multilingual Evaluation". Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för lingvistik och filologi, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-362869.
Pełny tekst źródłaWalker, Philippe. "L'éducation du patient adulte entre normalisation et normativité". Thesis, Paris Est, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PESC0066.
Pełny tekst źródłaEducation of adult patients : between normalization and normativity. The development of patient education attempts to address the relentless progression of diabetes and other chronic diseases. The objective of this thesis is to examine therelationships between medical standards for patients and caregivers. It aims to understand what underlies the development of this practice with medicine that is progressing in its scientific approach. Then pedagogy becomes a prescription to find health standards. There placement of a medical standard with an educational standard brings into question the educational process between normalization and normativity. Normalization exposes thepatient to the rules that come from science-based medicine while normativity invites the patient to find their own standards in order to live with their illness. The ethical approach makes it possible to question the prescribed autonomy and invites us to share ourweaknesses in order to better share our knowledge. Courage seems to be at the core of the deliberation to adapt an educational approach to each individual situation to enable patient education to be therapeutic
Grolleau, Gilles. "Normalisation et certification environnementales : une application à l'agriculture". Dijon, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002DIJOE007.
Pełny tekst źródłaWe define and characterize the process of standardization and other related mechanisms. We show that the elaborated concepts face many limits in the real world. We stress several particular functions of organizational standards and consider eco-organizational standards as institutional devices. The second section characterizes voluntary environmental approaches. We achieve a generic model of adoption of voluntary approach by a conventional maximizing profit firm. We test econometrically the patterns of knowledge and the patterns of adoption of environmental management systems by farmers. The third section shows that the success of an eco-differentiation strategy depends on its capabilities to (1) attenuate the problems resulting from the public and credence properties of environmentally friendly agro-food stuffs and (2) mitigate the limits resulting from bounded cognitive characteristics of consumers, without generating excessive transaction costs
Krönkvist, Sarah. "L Universite de Vincennes : La normalisation et l influence". Thesis, Högskolan Dalarna, Franska, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:du-5503.
Pełny tekst źródłaLymn, Jessie. "'The ideal menstruating girl' : normalisation and the menstrual taboo /". Title page, contents and introduction only, 1999. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09AR/09arl986.pdf.
Pełny tekst źródłaLengrand, Stéphane. "Normalisation & equivalence in proof theory & type theory /". St Andrews, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/319.
Pełny tekst źródłaLengrand, Stéphane J. E. "Normalisation & equivalence in proof theory & type theory". Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/319.
Pełny tekst źródłaGarau, Giulia. "Speaker normalisation for large vocabulary multiparty conversational speech recognition". Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/3983.
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