Rozprawy doktorskie na temat „NoRiv”

Thesis (D.M.A.)--University of Maryland, College Park, 2007.
Thesis research directed by: Music. Title from t.p. of PDF. Published by UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Also available in paper.

The purpose of this study is to create a performance guide for Young-Jo Lee's violin works, Honza Nori for solo violin and Doori Nori for violin and piano, and to introduce his work to a wider audience. This study contains a biography of the composer and a compositional analysis that shows how Lee includes the concepts and techniques of Korean traditional music in his violin pieces. In this analysis, I will identify the composer's characteristic style, inspired by Korean compositional techniques, traditional Korean instruments and their characteristics. Additionally, the incorporation of Asian philosophy, and Taoism in particular, into Lee's music will be examined and cited throughout, demonstrating how Lee employs these ideas to create compositional techniques that differ from other twentieth century Asian composers. Lee is one of the most significant Korean composers living today and is known for combining Eastern and Western musical styles. He utilizes the core of Korean traditional music and performance practice and applies this to his compositions in a distinctive style that amalgamates both Western and Eastern (particularly Korean) musical traditions. Lee creates a balance between his native heritage and his knowledge of Western traditions, and he extracts his distinctive compositional ideas from various genres of Korean music, such as court royal music, traditional folk music, harvest music, Pansori, Samul nori, and Korean zither music. Lee is also interested in Western compositional techniques such as twelve-tone technique and chromaticism, which he combines with his knowledge of Korean traditional music and its techniques to create various works in a unique and distinctive fashion.

Práctica Supervisada (IC)--FCEFN-UNC, 2014
Examina de los pilotes columnas, determinando para ello, la longitud y la armadura necesaria. Se realiza la verificación de las pilas intermedias de la primera etapa del viaducto, sin estudiar el estribo en el acceso al Camino Negro ni el eje de pilas límite entre la primera y segunda etapa del viaducto

Orientador: Nelson Henrique Morgon
Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Química
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-18T09:48:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Silva_MauricioChagasda_D.pdf: 1640271 bytes, checksum: 4dc0aa6f7b350fe3e8808a9095aba5fe (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011
Resumo: Utilizando a implementação do método da coordenada geradora discretizada nos orbitais atômicos, conjuntos de bases adaptados ao pseudopotencial de caroço SBKJC (conjuntos GBSMCS) foram desenvolvidos, validados e utilizados no estudo de possíveis efeitos de solvatação do tetraidrofurano sobre um mecanismo modelo de Suzuki-Miyaura. As metodologias de validação adotadas para os conjuntos GBSMCS foram os cálculos teóricos da afinidade por próton de sistemas atômicos e moleculares, iônicos e neutros, das entalpias de liquefação de alguns solventes orgânicos rotineiros e das entalpias de hidratação de 29 compostos orgânicos diversos. Nas etapas de validação, observou-se de uma maneira geral, uma boa relação entre custo e benefício na utilização dos conjuntos de bases GBSMCS, obteveram-se desvios médios por volta de 0 até 20 kJ.mol, nas propriedades estudadas. Com as metodologias propostas neste trabalho e com a utilização dos conjuntos GBSMCS, determinou-se o perfil potencial da reação modelo de Suzuki-Miyaura tanto em fase gasosa como em fase solvatada de tetraidrofurano. Não se observou efeitos significativos nas estruturas dos estados estacionários caracterizados e nem nas DrG para as etapas de adição-oxidativa, transmetalação, eliminação-redutiva e isomerização. Contudo, observou-se que há efeitos consideráveis de solvatação para as espécies individuais. As etapas de adição-oxidativa e de eliminação-redutiva apresentaram-se como sendo etapas exergônicas e a etapa de transmetalação como sendo uma etapa endergônica tanto em fase gasosa como em tetraidrofurano. Abordou-se um mecanismo associativo em todas as etapas principais reacionais, contudo inferiu-se que a etapa de transmetalação tenha possíveis rotas mecanísticas dissociativas iônicas que serão estudadas em trabalhos futuros
Abstract: Using the implementation of the discretized generator coordinate method in atomic orbitals, atomic basis sets adapted to the pseudopotential core SBKJC were developed ( GBSMCS ), validated and used to study possible effects of tetrahydrofuran¿s solvation over a model Suzuki-Miyaura¿s mechanism. The methodologies adopted for the validation of GBSMCS basis sets were the theoretical calculations of proton affinities of atomic and molecular, ionic and neutral, systems, the liquefaction enthalpies of some common organic solvents and the hydration enthalpies of 29 organic compounds. In the validation steps a good relationship was abserved between cost and benefit in the use of GBSMCS basis set, average deviations around 0 to 20 kJ.mol for the properties studied. Applying the methodologies proposed in this research and using the GBSMCS atomic basis sets, the potential profile of the Suzuki- Miyaura¿s model mechanism was determinated in the gas and tetrahydrofuran phases. No significant tetrahydronfuran¿s solvation effects were observed for molecular stationarys state structures, neither for DrG for oxidative- addition, transmetallation, reductive-elimination and isomerization reaction steps. However, some strong solvation effects were observed for individual species. The oxidative-addition and reductive-elimination reaction steps were characterized as exergonic steps, but transmetallation reaction step was presented as an endergonic step, both in the gas and tetrahydrofuran phases. This work approaches an associative mechanism for all main reaction steps; however, we inferred that the transmetallation reaction step could have some ionic pathways and should be studied in future works
Doutorado
Físico-Química
Doutor em Ciências

Since the 1960s, several gifted Korean composers, including perhaps most notably Young Jo Lee (b. 1943), have been internationally acclaimed for their work. In Western countries, however, there has been a scarcity of academic studies examining the artistry of the music of these Korean composers. Nonetheless, as one of today's most recognized composers in Korea, Young Jo Lee has been invited to numerous international concerts, conferences, and festivals where his works have been played and discussed. A salient feature of his compositions is the fusion of Korean traditional music and the elements of Western compositions, such as in, for one distinctive example, his piano composition, Piano Honza Nori. This musical study describes and analyzes how Lee integrates Korean traditional elements with Western musical ideas in Piano Honza Nori. Results of this study will contribute to the limited literature on the analysis of contemporary piano composition that integrates Korean traditional elements.

L'objet de cette these est l'etude des relations entre fiction et histoire dans l'oeuvre de l'ecrivain espagnol luis romero. Romancier neo-realiste, il a redige dans les annees cinquante et au debut des annees soixante une oeuvre fictive ancree dans la realite quotidienne. Il cherchait a denoncer les inegalites sociales et les injustices de la societe franquiste. Abandonnant la fiction, il s'est ensuite oriente vers des compositions d'histoire romancee, s'interessant a la guerre civile et a ses premices. Ce travail analyse les rapports entre ces deux types de production. Il est articule autour de trois axes. Dans une premiere phase, j'ai replace luis romero et l'ensemble de sa production dans leur contexte. Dans une seconde phase, j'ai etudie la tetralogie barcelonaise, ensemble romanesque comprenant la noria. Las vieias voces. Los otros. La corriente et decrivant la vie dans la metropole catalane dans les annees 1950. Quelle representation ce cycle offre-t-il de la societe franquiste de l'apres-guerre ? (ruelles en sont les limites ? pourquoi l'ecrivain abandonne-t-il la fiction pour se tourner vers l'histoire ? je tache d'apporter une reponse a ces questions dans la seconde partie de ma these. Dans une troisieme phase, j'analyse tres dias de julio. Quelle vision de l'aube de la guerre civile ce livre presente-t-il ? quels liens se tissent entre oeuvre romanesque et oeuvre hisorique ? quel regard l'ensemble de cette production apporte-t-il sur une epoque et un regime ? ce sont les principales questions soulevees par ma reflexion et auxquelles je m'efforce de repondre.

Många grundskolor har idag profiler och inriktningar. Vissa har idrottslig profil och andra ekonomisk. Denna trend tycks vara stabil och förväntas fortsätta vara aktuell. Dessa trender och profiler syns ofta på skolornas hemsidor och logotyper men än så länge har det inte influerat byggnaderna i vilka man huserar. Därför handlar mitt projekt om en profilskola där inriktningen tydligt syns på byggnaderna. Jag har valt att låta skolan ha en historisk profil, dvs. att man har stort fokus på historieutbildning. Detta då jag själv uppskattade historieutbildningen under skoltiden och jag ser en underrepresentation av profilskolor med historisk inriktning. Tanken är att skolan skall utformas som en tidslinje där eleverna kronologiskt och tidsmässigt från år till år tillåts vandra genom historien. Detta samtidigt som de följs åt av skolbyggnadens olika tidsåldrar och miljöer. På så sätt skapar varje elev en personlig historisk vandring under tio år i sin egen skolbyggnad. Detta passar enligt min åsikt mycket bra då barn mellan sex och femton år troligtvis kan känna koppling till och intresse för dessa miljöer. Skolans vanliga utbildning fortgår enligt läroplan men historialektionerna förläggs utefter skolans olika tidsmiljöer. När en elev börjar förskoleklass på skolan kliver de in i en forntida by. En miljö kantrad av vikingahus och hyddor. Jag har svårt att tro att barnen inte uppskattar en sådan miljö. Likväl skala och material följer barnen. Byn består av trähus och sådana material som barnen lätt kan förstå och relatera till. Likväl skall det inte vara ett problem om man vill grilla eller lyssna på sagor runt en lägereld. På så sätt förläggs pedagogiken och skolans verksamheter i harmoni med lokalerna. En elev som börjar mellanstadiet får ankomma skolbyggnaden likt Gustav Wasa in i en borg för att erövra sin kunskap. Här inne följer lektioner i tornrum och salar kantade av vitkalkade murar. Här ligger fokus på ordning och lugn. Trygghet och fokus. Det lämnas rum för samtal och rum för skapande. I wasaborgen känns det tryggt. När elever från andra skolor frågar om hur det är att gå i skolan i Trollbäcken följer ofta stolta svar om att det är finfint. Självklart är det fint att få husera i en borg. Nästan som ett slott. När eleverna fortgår sin vandring och lämnar det medeltida och Wasaborgen följer dagar och år i ett palats. Ett kunskapens palats där byggnaden tydligt står för upplysning. Det sades en gång att den som ej låter skolhuset vara byns vackraste hus har svikit vår framtid. På så sätt visar man stolt upp de framtida studenternas väg mot upplysning. I detta palats av kunskap trängs salar, verkstäder, ateljéer och bibliotek in en miljö som hyllar kunskapen. Här möter eleverna varje dag en miljö som skall uppmana till kunskapens väg. Ett skolhus som skall ge plats för samtal och studier men likväl tonårsromanser och möjlighet att stoltsera med sitt nyinförskaffade mopedkort. Alla tiders skola i Trollbäcken är en skola att vara stolt över. En skola som kan fungera som typexempel och förebild i hela Sverige. Visionen är att elever som lärare kan gå till en skola som de är stolta över och tar väl hand om. Så pass väl att byggnaden får stå kvar i generationer och på så sätt erhålla sin egen plats i historien.
Many schools today profiles and specializes. Some have athletic profile and other economic. This trend seems to be stable in Sweden. These trends and profiles are often seen on the schools websites and logos but so far it has not influenced the buildings in which the school houses. Therefore my project is a school where the profile is clearly visible in the buildings. I’ve chosen to let the school have a historical profile, a strong focus on history education. The idea is that the school should be designed as a timeline where students chronologically wander through history. During the wander they are accompanied by the school buildings of different ages and environments. This will give each student a personal historical wander for ten years. This fits, in my opinion, very good when children between six and fifteen years are likely to feel the connection these environments. The school's regular education proceeding according to curriculum but history lessons are located along the school's various timeline environments. When a student begins preschool classes at the school they step into an ancient village. An environment capsized by Viking and huts. I find it hard to believe that children wouldn’t appreciate such an environment. Nevertheless, scale and materials follow the children. The village consists of wooden houses and such materials that kids can easily understand and relate to. Yet it should not be a problem if you want to grill or listen to stories around a campfire. In this way the pedagogy and school activities work in harmony with the premises. A student who starts middle school arrives the school building like Gustav Wasa into a castle to conquer his knowledge. Here, the classes are following in tower rooms and halls lined with white dyed walls. Here the focus is on peace and order, safety and focus. It leaves room for discussion and room for creativity.. When students from other schools asking how it's going to school in Trollbäcken often follows the proud reply that it is just fine. Obviously, it is nice to study in a castle. Almost like a palace. As students continue their journey, leaving the medieval castle, there days and years take place in a palace. The palace is a building that clearly stands for enlightenment. It was once said that the one who doesn’t let the schoolhouse to be the village's most beautiful houses have betrayed our future. This way you proudly show the future students' path to enlightenment. This palace of knowledge is filled with halls, workshops, studios and libraries in an environment that celebrates knowledge. Here the students meet an environment that will encourage the path of knowledge. A school building that will provide space for discussions and studies yet teenage romances and the opportunity to flaunt their newly acquired moped driver’s license. The school of all time in Trollbäcken is a school to be proud of. A school that can serve as a typical example and a role model throughout all of Sweden. The vision is that students and teachers can go to a school that they’re proud of and take good care of. Such good care of that the building will remain for generations and so obtain its own place in history.

Les prophages sont des vecteurs majeurs de l’évolution des génomes bactériens et ont des rôles divers dans le processus adaptatif de leurs hôtes et peuvent leur apporter un avantage sélectif. Au cours de l’évolution, certains gènes prophagiques peuvent être perdus, notamment ceux codant pour des protéines du cycle lytique. Cependant, alors que certains de ces prophages défectifs sont capables de s’exciser, ils sont maintenus dans le génome de l’hôte, suggérant une pression sélective pour les conserver. C’est le cas du prophage défectif KplE1 chez E. coli K12. Dans l’équipe, des travaux ont mis en évidence que le maintien en lysogénie de différents prophages était sous le contrôle du terminateur de la transcription bactérien Rho. Afin d’identifier de nouveaux facteurs de l’hôte impliqués dans le maintien des prophages, j’ai développé un crible génétique qui m’a permis d’identifier plusieurs candidats impliqués dans le métabolisme général, la détoxification du NO ou qui appartiennent à un autre prophage défectif. Mon travail a été de discriminer lesquels de ces candidats jouaient un rôle significatif dans le maintien des prophages. Sur les trois gènes impliqués dans la détoxification du NO, seule l’expression de norV ou norW permet le maintien de KplE1. NorV réduit le NO et cette réduction nécessite l’utilisation d’un électron généré par l’oxydation du NADH par NorW. J’ai pu également montrer que l’expression du gène norV permettait le maintien d’un autre prophage fonctionnel (HK620) partageant le même module de recombinaison spécifique de site que KplE1. L’ensemble de mes résultats montre qu’il existe un lien co-évolutif important entre les prophages et leurs hôtes
Prophages play recognized roles in their host genomes evolution and adaptation to variable ecosystems. They can provide to their host selective advantages that increase their competitiveness. Upon evolution, some prophage genes can be lost, especially those coding for lytic cycle capacity. While some of the defective prophages are perfectly competent for excision, they prove to be maintained in bacterial genomes, suggesting the involvement of a selective pressure. This is the case for our defective prophage model: KplE1 in E. coli K12. Previous work in our laboratory demonstrated that lysogeny maintenance of various prophages was controlled by Rho which is the bacterial transcription termination factor. In order to identify new host factors involved in prophage maintenance, I developed a genetic screen. This screen allowed me to identify candidate genes involved in bacterial general metabolism, in NO detoxification and also some genes that belong to another defective prophage. I determined which candidate genes actually played a role in KplE1 maintenance. Among the three genes involved in NO detoxification, I showed that norV or norW individual expression allowed KplE1 maintenance. NorV reduces NO and this reduction needs an electron produced by NorW NADH oxidation. I also showed that norV expression allowed the maintenance of another functional prophage (HK620) that shares the same site specific recombination module as KplE1. Together, my results illustrate the coevolution between prophages and their hosts

This essay is about the importance of discussing ethics in political debates. I chose to analyse three of the parliamentary parties in Sweden: Sverigedemokraterna (the Sweden Democrats), Socialdemokraterna (the Social Democrats) and Liberalerna (the Liberals). I chose to ask the questions:{ Do the three parties’ ethical perspectives correlate to the discussions of one or more of the chosen theories?{   Is one of the theories more common?{  Is there a difference between the parties, if so: what is the differences? By using qualitative classification I studied the party programme and some other documents from each party. I also analysed two parliamentary debates. One was between the leaders of the parties when discussion immigration and the other was about the Panama papers. The ethical theories I chose as a theoretical base were utilitarism, ethics of duty, rights ethics and contractual ethics. In order to get an eassier way of comparing them I also chose four areas of comparison: view on humanity, preferred culture in society, method of governing and hierarchy of values.During the essay I discovered that all three parties had at least part of their ethics in common with each theory. Contractual and rights ethics were the most reoccurring ones for all three. Sverigedemokraterna and Liberalerna had slightly more in common with rights ethics, while Socialdemokraterna had a preference towards contractual ethics.

Ce travail de thèse a été réalisé dans le cadre du Programme National de Recherche sur des NOuveaux REfractaires Verriers (NOREV), et porte sur l’étude de deux nuances de matériaux réfractaires à très haute teneur en zircone (THTZ) obtenus par électrofusion. L’objectif était de comprendre les mécanismes microstructuraux à l’origine de l’évolution des propriétés mécaniques de ces deux matériaux au cours de l’étape de recuisson (refroidissement contrôlé post-fusion), et d’évaluer l’influence de la composition de leur phase vitreuse. Une étude détaillée de la microstructure héritée des mécanismes de solidification et des passages successifs des transformations de phase de la zircone a permis d’expliquer l’origine des différentes hétérogénéités présentes au sein d’un bloc et de révéler la complexité de l’organisation multi-échelle des THTZ (sélection de variantes cristallographiques). L’étude des propriétés d’élasticité par techniques ultrasonores au cours d’un traitement thermique à 1500°C, a montré l’influence notable du passage de la transformation martensitique quadratique→monoclinique de la zircone et de la rigidification de la phase vitreuse sur le comportement mécanique des matériaux, avec notamment le développement d’un endommagement en fin de cycle. De plus, des essais de traction et de compression réalisés au refroidissement, ont mis en évidence le comportement visco-plastique plus marqué à haute température du THTZ-B par rapport au THTZ-A. Ceci résulte d’une évolution très différente des viscosités des deux phases vitreuses. Par ailleurs, la relation entre le champ de contraintes présent au sein du bloc, lors de la recuisson, et l’organisation cristallographique locale du matériau a été étudiée, en particulier, par des essais de refroidissement sous contrainte
This thesis has been carried out under the National Program of Research on new glass refractories (NOREV), focusing on the study of two shades of refractories with a very high content of zirconia (THTZ) obtained by a fused-cast process. The objective was to understand the microstructural mechanisms responsible for changes in mechanical properties of these materials during the annealing step (controlled cooling after melting), and to assess the influence of composition their glassy phase. A detailed study of the microstructure inherited from the solidification mechanisms and successive runs of phase transformations of zirconia has helped to explain the origin of different heterogeneities present within a block and to reveal the complexity of the multi-scaled organization of THTZ materials (selection of crystallographic variants). The study of elastic properties by ultrasonic techniques during a heat treatment at 1500°C, showed the significant influence of the transformation from tetragonal → monoclinic martensitic transformation of zirconia and the stiffening of the glassy phase on the mechanical behavior of materials, including the development of damage at the end of the cycle. Moreover, tensile and compressive tests performed during a cooling stage, have highlighted the higher viscous-plastic behavior at high temperature of THTZ-B compared to THTZ-A. This follows a very different evolution of viscosities of the two glassy phases. Furthermore, the relationship between the stress field in this block during the annealing, and local crystallographic organization of the material was studied, in particular, by cooling under stress tests

I contend that young students should be introduced to intercultural contemporary music, as this exposure brings benefits to their artistic development and fosters appreciation of other cultures. Variations sur un thème populaire coréen by Sung-Ki Kim (b. 1954) and Six Pieces for Piano ‘Nori' by Chung-Sock Kim (b. 1940) are effective pedagogical works that fit perfectly into the intercultural mold mentioned above, and both are suitable for late intermediate or early advanced level students. A detailed comparison of these two works can help instructors understand the ways by which these composers incorporate Korean folk materials and blend them with Western contemporary techniques. An analysis of Sung-Ki Kim's Variations sur un theme populaire coréen and Chung-Sock Kim's Six Pieces for Piano ‘Nori' can be divided into three categories: harmony, rhythm, and performance-related aspects. By analyzing these two pieces, these study illustrates in greater depth their intercultural aspects, showing the way by which both composers merged traditional Korean folk idioms through the inclusion of traditional Korean rhythms, and the imitation of sounds of several traditional Korean instruments with Western contemporary technique such as non-traditional sounds and use of sostenuto pedal. Finally, this study provides some practicing suggestions and listing exercise on how to practice musical and technical challenges.

In order to study the impact of global runoff, sensitivity experiment (NoRiv) was carried out by shutting down the entire runoff into the ocean for a period of 200 years. The changes in NoRiv, compared to the reference simulation (CR), shows the impact of global runoff (NoRiv minus CR). The evolution of mean ocean SSS in the major ocean basins show that the upper– ocean reached a quasi-stabilized stage in the first 100 years in the NoRiv. Globally, when there is no runoff, the surface ocean turns saltier with the largest increase occurring off the mouths of major river systems. High salinity patches of more than 2 psu are found near the mouths of Amazon, Congo, Ganga–Brahmaputra, Yangtze, etc. The upper–ocean currents distribute the positive salinity anomalies generated near the river mouth of NoRiv to far away regions and open ocean. In accordance with our results using CCSM3.0 model, CESM1.0 also shows that the impact of runoff into the ocean on SSS is significantly higher in the extratropical ocean than in the tropics, though the tropical runoff is considerably higher (Vinayachandran, Jahfer, and Nanjundiah, 2015). Arctic Ocean recorded the highest rise in salinity as the ratio of runoff to the surface area of the basin is highest. The open ocean regions of Pacific exhibited the least change in salinity due to the vastness of the basin. We further analyzed the significance of this rise in SSS on the upper–ocean temperature, air–sea interaction, and rainfall. A saltier ocean in the NoRiv deepens the mixed layer of the upper–ocean owing to the increase in surface density. Though the mean MLD in the NoRiv is found to be deeper than the CR, the SST response to this change in ML is complex. In the simulation without runoff, the northern hemisphere oceans recorded a comparatively higher rise in surface temperature, mostly in the Atlantic Ocean. The change in SST in the NoRiv is primarily due to the weakening of upper–ocean stratification or due to changes in air–sea interaction in the coupled system. The equatorial Ocean of the Pacific Ocean recorded a mean cooling (of 0.2oC). But, the magnitude of the impact is relatively weaker in CESM1.0 as compared to CCSM3.0. The evolution of SST anomaly in the equatorial Pacific is a consequence of complex air–sea interaction. The appearance of cooler SST anomalies in the eastern equatorial Pacific of NoRiv generates a zonal pressure gradient resulting in an enhancement in easterlies. This, in turn, enhances wind– driven upwelling in the eastern equatorial Pacific leading to the formation of a La Niña–like SST anomaly in the equatorial Pacific. This La Niña–like SST anomaly in the equatorial Pacific has the potential to alter the Indian summer monsoon, one of the most dominant and regular features in the present–day tropical climate. It is well established that the cooler phase of equatorial Pacific, the La Niña, favors a higher rainfall over the Indian subcontinent. Existing theories on the teleconnection between the Indian monsoon and ENSO states that the summer– time changes in the equatorial Pacific SST results in convective anomalies in the Pacific Ocean that can impact the rainfall over the Indian subcontinent (Shaman and Tziperman, 2007). Chapter 6. Summary and Conclusions 151 A cooler Pacific, La Niña phase, favors negative convection anomalies in the tropical Pacific which leads to atmospheric convergence over Indian landmass and thereby affects the westward propagating jet termed as the North African–Asian jet (NAA; Shaman and Tziperman, 2007). The resultant negative vorticity anomalies over the Asian landmass during a La Niña phase lead to overall warming over the region that reinforces the meridional temperature gradient between equatorial Indian Ocean and landmass over Asia (Shaman and Tziperman, 2007). However, we find that the response of SSS, SST, and rainfall to the global runoff in the recent version (CESM1.0) is weaker than the earlier one (CCSM3.0). A higher ocean–land temperature gradient in the NoRiv is found to be favorable for increased intraseasonal activity over the Indian region leading to a stronger summer monsoon (Jiang, Li, andWang, 2004). Thus the improved monsoon in the absence of global runoff is thus a result of cooling in the equatorial Pacific and an upper–level vorticity guided strengthening of the meridional temperature gradient. The 0AMZ experiment is similar to the global runoff experiment (NoRiv) except that the runoff into the ocean from the Amazon river is shut down. The last 100 years of the model simulation shows that the Amazon runoff is a vital component of the large–scale, low–frequency oscillations in the Atlantic Ocean. When there is no input from the Amazon river, saltier water from the river mouth disseminates over the North Atlantic Ocean as far as the deepwater formation sites in the extratropics. Consequently, the upper–ocean mixed layer over the deep–convection zones in the Labrador and GIN Sea region deepen. AdeeperMLimplies strengthening of deepwater formation rate and a reinforced Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC). On a longer timescale, the atmospheric response to Amazon runoff is found to be consistent with the well established global impacts during a positive phase of AMOC. Chapter 6. Summary and Conclusions 152 A stronger AMOC brings cooler subsurface water to the surface in the southern tropical Atlantic Ocean by enhancing the upwelling rate. This cooler upper–ocean water is carried to the north of the equator by the cross–equatorial currents. Consequently, the upwelling branch of Hadley Cell in the equatorial Atlantic Ocean becomes weaker. This weakening of Hadley Cell has a negative feedback on the atmospheric meridional cells in the subtropics and extratropics. The North Atlantic Oscillation, the strength of which depends on the strength of winter–time (DJF) meridional circulation in the extratropical Atlantic Ocean, thus shifts to its negative phase. Though the impact of Amazon runoff on rainfall during winter is relatively weaker in the tropics, the landmass adjacent to the extratropical Atlantic Ocean shows significant responses. We found that the runoff–induced changes in surface temperature, winds, and rainfall over the United States and Europe are similar to the anomalies during a negative phase of NAO. The winter storms over northern Europe turn weaker along with a reduction in local rainfall. However, southern Europe and eastern Canada received higher rainfall in the absence of Amazon runoff, whereas the rainfall over the eastern US decreased. In the tropical Atlantic Ocean sector, the summer–time rainfall (JJA) response exhibits a see–saw pattern with a higher rainfall over the northern half and lower rainfall to the south. This spatial pattern of rainfall anomaly is a typical feature of feedback during a positive phase of AMOC. During a stronger AMOC, the warm surface waters of the southern tropical Atlantic is pushed to the northern tropics, and the cooler waters dominate over the south and along the equator. The SST anomalies thus formed is strikingly similar to the surface ocean signature during a positive Atlantic Multidecadal Variability (AMV), which is believed to be a subset of AMOC. The changes in rainfall in the 0AMZ is closely tied to the spatial pattern of SST anomaly such that a warmer northern equatorial Atlantic Ocean favors a higher rainfall over the region and vice versa. Thus when there is no input from the Amazon river, the AMOC and AMV shifts to a positive phase and thereby affect the surface temperature and rainfall over the tropical Atlantic Ocean during boreal summer.

This diploma thesis with the title Growth monitoring in Norik muransky horses is processing the growth data from birth until the age of 4 years. The monitored data are body measurements (tape withers height, circumference of the cannon bone, chest circumference, weight) measured by Dobšiná stud farm during the years 2007 until 2017. The observed group consisted of 170 horses of both sexes, and the horses were descendants after 6 stallions. In the research part the thesis is discussing the influence of the father on the body measurements of the offspring and it was proven that only the measurements with high heritability coefficient are being inherited. The growth amongst both sexes had been compared and it was determined that the differentiation in growth appears at the age of about 2 years. After comparing the body measurements of seven different year births at growth it was proven, that the norik muransky horses are balanced in type.

碩士
國立海洋大學
食品科學系
90
Recently, an infrequent intoxication case due to ingesting nori (dried laver product) had happened in Taiwan. There are some patients who had some allergic symptoms such as inflamed and red rash on their face, corners of the mouth and the belly after eating dried laver product. The research is to study the toxic substance of the case. First, we added the alcohol into the causative sample, and broke down laver product by ultrasonic. Then the extract was smeared on the human arm-skin. As a result, three of five volunteers had slight allergic reaction after 10 to 30 minutes. It means that the toxic samples really have some causative factors. To confirm the causative sensitizer, we analyzed the level of the food additives such as monosodium glutamate (MSG) and SO2, then the pyropheophorbide a degraded from chlorophyll (CHL) in the toxic and normal dried laver products was also determined. We also investigated the effects of processing factors on the content of the pheophorbide a and pyropheophorbide a. The amount of the aspartate (Asp), glutamate (Glu) and alanine (Ala) in the toxic sample are 61, 589 and 401 mg/100g, respectively. The level of Glu in the causative sample is lower than that of the normal sample. The level of the SO2 in the causative sample was low (1.58 ppm). Therefore, we suggest that MSG and SO2 are not the allergic factors in the causative sample. The contents of pheophorbide a and the pyropheophorbide a measured by HPLC were 887 and 5,455 ppm in the causative sample respectively. Judging from high dose, of pyropheophorbide a and pheophorbide a and symptoms of patients, the causative agents were identified as pyropheophorbide a and pheophorbide a . On the other hand, the fresh laver was stored at the different temperatures and observed the production of the pyropheophorbide a. After storage, Chlorophyll a of the fresh laver degraded more significantly at 20℃ than 4℃ and -20℃. The dry heating appeared the stronger destruction to CHL a and produced more amount of pyropheophorbide a than that of cook heating. The high content (4,118 ppm) of the photosensitive substance, pyropheophorbide a, was detected after dry heating at 100℃ for 1 hr. In false ceylommoss, the effects of the heating factors on the degradation of CHL a was the same as those of the laver. The dry heating had the greater effect degradation of on CHL a, but there was more amount of pyropheophorbide a produced by cook heating. According to the above results, we suggest that the unsuitable heating process to the laver may produce high content of the photosensitive substance.

The aim of the diploma thesis is to analyze linear composition population of silesian noric breed, characteristic of SN lines in terms of exterior and performance, database processing and statistical evaluation of individual lines SN by scoring exterior, perfor-mance and monitored effects withers height tape, withers height stick, chest circumfe-rence, circuit shin. We developer the database based on manual entry of the point data evaluation and observed effects. We used method GLM in softawre program Unistat 6.5. Multiple comparisons, we have found that the effect of the reference point evaluati-on for exterior and performance stallions are on average better assessment than mares and the differencies between the lines was proved. The differencies between lines and also sex were proved also at withers height stick and withers height tape. Stallions reach bigger hight. Further was proved that mares have bigger chest circumference, then stalli-ons and at circuit shin the stallions have bigger value compare to the mares.

The aim of the study was to analyze the results of cold-blooded horses competing in the Czech Republic during the years 2003-2013, surveys breed of horses who participated in the competition, analyze the father of these horses , horses competing age, gender, whether they have met the test performance and whether they are enrolled in animal genetic reserves . The aim of the study was to analyzing the disciplines which horses participated and how placing them in these competitions. The paper is a brief list of the coachmen each year with such horses competed as a summary list for the last 11 years, what the coachman is most often participated in competitions and how many women have competed. From the results, it was found that the most popular breed in terms of rate to the population and the number of horses in the race are Silesian norick, from a gender perspective are most commonly used mares. The rate of the number of horses that participated in competitions for cold- rate population size of cold-blooded horses in the Czech Republic, it was found that competed for the small percentage of horses. It follows that the competition results reveal very little about the quality of the equine population in the Czech Republic and can not infer too much from them in monitoring their performance, because most of the stallions between competing horses negligible percentage of the offspring.