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1
Asad, Asad L. "Deportation Decisions: Judicial Decision-Making in an American Immigration Court". American Behavioral Scientist 63, nr 9 (24.03.2019): 1221–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0002764219835267.
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Drawing on ethnographic observations and informal conversations with judges in Dallas Immigration Court, as well as archival documents, this article describes two approaches through which judges in this setting justify their decisions during removal proceedings. The “scripted approach,” used to effect the routine removal of noncitizens in most of the completed cases observed, entails judges’ recitation of well-rehearsed narratives regarding the limited legal rights and remedies available to noncitizens. The “extemporaneous approach” involves judges moving beyond their scripts and deliberating in greater depth about noncitizens’ cases. In doing so, judges’ personal attitudes, biases, and motivations are often revealed as they articulate their desire to circumvent the removal process for noncitizens they view as “deserving” of relief—but for whom only temporary relief from removal is often available given judges’ interpretations of immigration law. Although judges recognize that this temporary relief may allow some noncitizens to remain in the United States indefinitely, incomplete protection from removal can leave noncitizens in a precarious legal status and jeopardize these individuals’ future opportunities for legalization. These findings support a conceptualization of immigration judges as street-level bureaucrats, or frontline workers who interpret the law—sometimes unevenly—to enforce government policy while interfacing with the individuals subject to said policy. The study thus amplifies the social control capacity of the federal immigration regime.
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Neumann, Jenna. "Proposing a One-Year Time Bar for 8 U.S.C. § 1226(c)". Michigan Law Review, nr 115.5 (2017): 707. http://dx.doi.org/10.36644/mlr.115.5.proposing.
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Section 1226(c) of the Illegal Immigration Reform and Immigrant Responsibility Act (IIRIRA) requires federal detention of certain deportable noncitizens when those noncitizens leave criminal custody. This section applies only to noncitizens with a criminal record (“criminal noncitizens”). Under section 1226(c), the Attorney General must detain for the entire course of his or her removal proceedings any noncitizen who has committed a qualifying offense “when the alien is released” from criminal custody. Courts construe this phrase in vastly different ways when determining whether a criminal noncitizen will be detained. The Board of Immigration Appeals (BIA) and the Fourth Circuit read “when the alien is released” to mean “any time after the alien is released,” allowing the government to detain and deport criminal noncitizens years or decades after their release from criminal custody. A majority of district courts as well as the First Circuit, however, have interpreted the clause to mean “immediately upon the alien’s release.” Under this construction, immigration enforcement can detain a criminal noncitizen for deportation and detention only shortly after her release from criminal custody. This Note argues that in light of recent legal and policy changes, the latter interpretation of section 1226(c) offers the correct understanding of the statute. It further contends that a universal one-year time bar should be implemented for detentions occurring under section 1226(c) to respect due process concerns.
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Chin, Gabriel J. "Still a Nation of White Immigrants? Notes on the Present Debate". Public Affairs Quarterly 37, nr 3 (1.07.2023): 188–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/21520542.37.3.04.
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Abstract Recent years have generated an unprecedented popular decision about US racial identity. Before this, popular sentiment and legal policy clearly and congruently promoted immigration of white noncitizens, while severely restricting others. Until the Immigration and Nationality Act Amendments of 1965, the US law reflected Justice Grier's statement in Smith v. Turner, 48 U.S. 283, 461 (1849): “It is the cherished policy of the general government to encourage and invite Christian foreigners of our own race to seek an asylum within our borders, and to . . . add to the wealth, population, and power of the nation.” However, the 1965 reform and its successors diversified the immigrant stream and the nation, and current polls indicate that the majority of the US population now supports a generous and non-discriminatory immigration policy.
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Dunn, Kevin, Susan Thompson, Bronwyn Hanna, Peter Murphy i Ian Burnley. "Multicultural Policy within Local Government in Australia". Urban Studies 38, nr 13 (grudzień 2001): 2477–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00420980120094623.
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Thomas, I. G. "Environmental policy and local government in Australia". Local Environment 15, nr 2 (luty 2010): 121–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13549830903527647.
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Ives, D. J. "CURRENT GOVERNMENT POLICY TOWARDS PETROLEUM EXPLORATION IN AUSTRALIA". APPEA Journal 28, nr 2 (1988): 42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj87042.
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Butler, Julia. "Law Libraries in Australia - Government Libraries". International Journal of Legal Information 28, nr 2 (2000): 429–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0731126500009203.
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Since the mid 1980's to the present time there has been an unprecedented attitudinal change by governments, both at the federal and state levels, regardless of political persuasion, towards the role of the public sector. There has been a sustained policy to wind back the size of the Public Service across the board.
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Eggington, William. "Language Policy and Planning in Australia". Annual Review of Applied Linguistics 14 (marzec 1994): 137–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0267190500002865.
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Australian federal and state government language policy and planning efforts have had a remarkable effect on Australian educational and non-educational life during the past twenty years. This effort has resulted in strong international recognition of the Australian language policy experience. For example, Romaine, in the introduction to her anthology focusing on the languages of Australia states that “the movement to set up a national language policy is so far unprecedented in the major Anglophone countries” (Romaine 1991:8).
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Sullivan, Helen. "Local Government in Australia: History, Theory and Public Policy." Australian Journal of Politics & History 64, nr 3 (wrzesień 2018): 510–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ajph.12496.
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Beck, Luke. "Local Government Prayers in Australia". Journal for the Academic Study of Religion 36, nr 1 (3.03.2023): 28–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1558/jasr.21309.
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Many local governments in Australia open their council meetings with prayer and have done so for some time. Yet this phenomenon has been largely ignored by the literature examining religion-government interactions in Australia. After outlining the origins of local government prayers, this article goes on to show that approximately one-third of Australian local governments have a prayer practice (rising to more than half of local governments in New South Wales and Victoria), that almost all of those prayer practices are exclusively Christian, and that in some states communities with the smallest Christian populations are more likely to have a council with a prayer practice than communities with the largest Christian populations. This phenomenon does not sit neatly with existing accounts of post-secularism in Australia. The article suggests that local government prayers in Australia also pose a challenge to existing post-secular explanatory accounts of the nature of religion-government interactions in Australia and speak to the need to develop more nuanced accounts that distinguish between the policy realm and institutional issues in developing accounts of the relationship between religion and government in Australia.
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Harcourt, G. C. "Macroeconomic Policy for Australia in the 1990s". Economic and Labour Relations Review 4, nr 2 (grudzień 1993): 167–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/103530469300400201.
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The size of the deficit has little if any significance as an indicator of short-run macroeconomic policy. Government expenditure should be determined by longer term aspirations. Taxation (and other revenue measures) must be used, along with monetary policy, for short-term economic management, but whether revenue should be at a level that results in a deficit or not depends on many things including the composition of government expenditure and the state of the economy. At present, our economy requires a brake on total consumption expenditure and this may require a rise in taxation levels despite the high current level of unemployment. A high rate of capital accumulation is essential to change the structure of production and to increase output and productivity, but the brake on consumption must be eventually relaxed. Without an expectation of healthy consumption growth there will not be an ongoing high rate of accumulation in the private sector.
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Yellowlees, Peter. "Government relations, government regulations: Jumping through the hoops". Journal of Telemedicine and Telecare 8, nr 3_suppl (grudzień 2002): 83–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/13576330260440970.
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summary Over the last decade, telehealth in Australia has been primarily facilitated and driven by government funding. The government now has a major policy initiative in online health. However, in pursuing the broad initiative there is a danger that some of the smaller components can get lost, and this is probably what has happened to telehealth. There appear to be a number of steps required if telehealth in Australia is to keep up the pace of development that occurred in the 1990s, as we move into what is now being called the era of e-health, involving broadband Internet health service delivery. This area is changing extremely rapidly and is increasingly migrating away from the public sector in Australia, where most of the developmental work has occurred, and into the private sector. Many of the issues that require consideration within the domain of e-health in Australia are also relevant to other countries. E-health will significantly change the way that health-care is practised in future, and it is clear that it is the human factors that are more difficult to overcome, rather than the technological ones.
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Jones, Stephen. "Reconceptualising the Governance of Migration Policy in Australia". Hrvatska i komparativna javna uprava 19, nr 3 (27.09.2019): 377–406. http://dx.doi.org/10.31297/hkju.19.3.2.
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This article offers a comprehensive assessment of the current trends in the governance arrangements of migrant settlement policy in Australia. It outlines the context of migrant policy as an important element of nation building and in contributing to the most multicultural society in the OECD. While immigration remains popular with the majority of Australians it is not without challenges in terms of coordination between levels of government to achieve effective outcomes. The lessons from Australia have relevance for other multilevel systems in terms of the need for cooperative approaches that combine top down and bottom up contributions from government agencies at all levels and non-government organisations. The article provides an analysis of governance issues from the perspective of the major stakeholders. The key question addressed in this paper is; what are the key challenges and opportunities of establishing cooperative approaches to immigration policy in a multilevel system? Issues involved in a potential transition of Australia’s immigration policy from a centralist approach to a more cooperative approach will be examined through the lens of a framework of analysis that consists of three scenarios for the structure of immigration policy: the centralist, the cooperative and the asymmetric scenarios.
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Mayangsari, Fauziah Rohmatika. "Australia Government Response to COVID-19: Coordination and the Effectivity of Policy". Jurnal Global & Strategis 14, nr 2 (30.11.2020): 279. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/jgs.14.2.2020.279-296.
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Abstrak Artikel ini mendeskripsikan respon pemerintah Australia terhadap pandemi COVID-19. ini Respon kebijakan pemerintah yang menjadi fokus adalah pengelolaan risiko di tiga sektor utama: kesehatan masyarakat, sistem kesehatan nasional, dan keberlangsungan perekonomian negara. Artikel ini kemudian menjelaskan bagaimana Australia dianggap sebagai salah satu contoh negara yang sukses dalam menangani pandemi COVID-19. Kebijakan untuk menutup perbatasan sejak dini dan penyusunan kebijakan terkoordinasi yang berdasar saran para ahli merupakan beberapa kunci kesuksesan Australia. Selain itu, kepatuhan masyarakat turut mendukung keberhasilan implementasi dari kebijakan pemerintahan. Namun, kepatuhan penduduk Australia merupakan hasil dari rasa percaya terhadap kemampuan pemerintah untuk menangani krisis. Berbagai faktor tersebut membuat Australia berhasil melandaikan kurva COVID-19 dalam waktu kurang dari enam bulan. Walaupun masih cukup dini untuk mengidentifikasi pelajaran yang bisa diambil dari Australia, namun dapat dikatakan bahwa di tengah pandemi dan krisis, pemerintah harus bekerja bersama dengan masyarakat agar kebijakan yang telah disusun dapat diimplementasikan dengan baik. Kata-kata kunci: COVID-19; respon pandemi; Australia This article describes the Australian Government’s responses to the COVID-19 pandemic. The focus is on the policy responses to mitigate the risk in three main sectors: people’s health, national health system, and economic livelihoods. It discusses how Australia’s response to the COVID-19 pandemic is among the few successful cases in the world. Australia’s early border closure and coordinated policy measures with the experts are among the key behind Australia’s success. Besides, Australian public compliance further supports the implementation of government policy. Such compliance is the result of people’s trust in the Government’s capability to tackle the crisis. As a consequence, Australia has succeeded in flattening the curve within less than six months. Although it is relatively early to identify the lessons learned from Australia, it is safe to say that during pandemic and crisis, in order to make the policy works, the Government needs to work together with the public. Keywords: COVID-19; pandemic response; Australia
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Jackson, Judge Hal. "Policy and Politics: Two recent examples in Western Australia". Australian & New Zealand Journal of Criminology 29, nr 1 (marzec 1996): 58–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000486589602900105.
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In a state known for consistently high incarceration rates, especially of Aboriginal people, the Labor governments of the 1980s created two criminologically based research or advisory bodies. The paper looks at the background and history of each — the State Government Advisory Committee on Young Offenders and the Crime Research Centre (and the lessons learned therefrom in light of policy making decisions, both by the Labor Government which created them and its successor, the Liberal Government of Richard Court). The first was composed largely of high ranking judicial, police and bureaucratic members, high profile community members and skilled research staff. Its fate was sealed by its insistence on independence. The second is university-based with a statistical and research focus. Independently funded, it survives but what effect has it had? The author was at one time a member of the Committee and a member of the Advisory Board of the Centre.
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Soldatic, Karen, i Barbara Pini. "Continuity or Change? Disability Policy and the Rudd Government". Social Policy and Society 11, nr 2 (10.02.2012): 183–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1474746411000510.
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This article reports on shifts and continuities in policy relating to disabled people and the administrative apparatus of federal disability policy under the Rudd government (2007–10). It begins with a brief historical overview of disability policy in Australia. It then gives particular attention to highlighting the contentious and dramatic changes to disability policy which were instigated by the Howard government (1996–2007). Following this, attention is focused on the major developments in disability policy and administration with the election of the Rudd Labor government in 2007. Through this discussion, we demonstrate the ways the altered vocabularies, practices and instruments of the state have manifested in relation to disability policy in Australia, ultimately shaping opportunities for either inclusion or exclusion at the national level among disabled people.
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Poetrie, Sandy Tieas Rahmana. "DISKRIMINASI IMIGRAN KULIT PUTIH BERWARNA DALAM MASA KEBIJAKAN MULTIKULTURALISME PASCA PENGHAPUSAN WHITE AUSTRALIAN POLICY". Lakon : Jurnal Kajian Sastra dan Budaya 2, nr 1 (24.08.2016): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/lakon.v2i1.1909.
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AbstractThis paper concern on the multiculturalism in Australia related to the immigration policy. Since the application of “White Australia Policy” which makes some restriction to people from other countries who are considered as different color and non-English speakers to come to Australia ended in 1907, the government attempts to eliminate the discrimination treatments to them all. This paper employs descriptive essay which was aimed to describe more aboutAustralian multiculturalism after the end of “White Australia Policy”. The technique of data collection was literary study from some sources like journals and some news from internet. The writer took three cases have ever happenedrelated to the multiculturalism in Australia to analyse the application of immigrants policy after “White Australia Policy” annulment. Those are Arabians beating in Sydney coast by Neo-Nazi, discrimination against Muslim minorityand Africans by police in Victoria, and also Muslim demonstration because of Muhammad humiliation. The study revealed that “White Australia Policy” still can not completely be eliminated. Those three cases, it shows that there arestill many discrimination treatments against coloured immigrants; on the other hand the government is still trying to implement a multiculturalism policy.
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Allen, Liz. "A whole-of-government approach to population policy for Australia". Australian Population Studies 2, nr 2 (11.11.2018): 22–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.37970/aps.v2i2.37.
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Bulkeley, Harriet. "Down to Earth: Local government and greenhouse policy in Australia". Australian Geographer 31, nr 3 (listopad 2000): 289–308. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/713612251.
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Gelber, Katharine. "Pedestrian Malls, Local Government and Free Speech Policy in Australia". Policy and Society 22, nr 2 (styczeń 2003): 22–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1449-4035(03)70018-6.
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Toan, Dinh The. "Outlining Policy and Assessing Success of Policy". Jindal Journal of International Affairs 2, nr 4 (1.12.2020): 51–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.54945/jjia.v2i4.65.
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Government policy operates in response to the demands of society. Policy success, the general expectation of any policy-maker, is claimed commonly in political life. That is a general goal for any government in order to prove effectiveness and efficiency in its actions. However, the outcome of policies usually lies somewhere between success and failure. This is because of the three dimensions of policy success and their contradictions. Whilst policy learning is concerned as a tool to assess how policies are working and to move policy toward the achievement of desired goals. The case of banning plastic bags in Australia is an ideal example to investigate how a policy can be successful at different levels
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Caroine, Norma. "The Koreanization of the Australian Sex Industry: A Policy and Legislative Challenge". Korean Journal of Policy Studies 26, nr 3 (31.12.2011): 13–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.52372/kjps26302.
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South Korea enacted Legislation in 2004 that penalizes pimps, traffickers, and sex industry customers while decriminalizing people in prostitution and offering assistance to leave the sex industry. In contrast, Australia Legally recognizes most sex industry activities. This article argues that Australia`s Laissezfaire approach to the sex industry hampers South Korean government efforts to prevent the crime of sex trafficking. Since 2004, pimps and traffickers have moved their activities from South Korea to countries like Australia and the US that maintain relatively hospitable operating environments for the sex industry. The Australian government should reconsider its approach to prostitution on the basis of its diplomatic obligations to countries Like South Korea and the need to uphold the human rights of women in Asia who are being trafficked and murdered as a result of sexual demand emanating from Australia. Australia should coordinate its policy on prostitution with South Korea to strengthen the region`s transnational anti-trafficking response.
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Hunter, Mary Ann. "Redefining ‘Industry’: Young People and Cultural Policy in Australia". Media International Australia 90, nr 1 (luty 1999): 123–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1329878x9909000113.
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This article considers the place of youth arts and cultures in the cultural industries approach to cultural policy. It argues that the ‘covert economic overlay’ (Brokensha, 1996: 101) of the Australian National Culture–Leisure Industry Statistical Framework privileges certain processes in a ‘government convenient’ model of industry inputs and outcomes, and that the assumptions of this model are challenged by youth-specific and community-based modes of production. Furthermore, it argues that the philosophies and practices of contemporary youth-specific arts organisations have the potential to redefine ‘culture industry’ and contribute to a ‘coherent new paradigm’ of cultural policy (UNESCO, 1995: 232). This paper makes these arguments by examining the place of youth arts and cultures in the existing environment of cultural industrialisation, by considering recent government policy responses to young people's cultural activity and by addressing long-term policy issues for the support of young people and cultural development.
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Seibert, Krystian, Alexandra Williamson i Michael Moran. "Voluntary sector peak bodies during the COVID-19 crisis: a case study of Philanthropy Australia". Voluntary Sector Review 12, nr 1 (1.03.2021): 143–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/204080520x16081188403865.
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The Australian philanthropic sector’s peak (or umbrella) membership body, Philanthropy Australia, has played a significant role in shaping sector responses to COVID-19 and influencing government policy initiatives regarding the voluntary sector. This research note explores four key actions taken by Philanthropy Australia, with a particular focus on policy advocacy. It highlights how ‘policy windows’ provide opportunities for voluntary sector peak bodies to demonstrate policy entrepreneurship, secure desirable policy outcomes and show their value to members, government and other stakeholders. ‘Bad times’ require new and innovative policy responses, and this research note provides insights into how voluntary sector peak bodies can shape policy and practice responses to major crises.
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De Percy, Michael Alexander. "Policy Legacies from Early Australian Telecommunications". Journal of Telecommunications and the Digital Economy 9, nr 3 (11.09.2021): 136–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.18080/jtde.v9n3.431.
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The purpose of this article on the policy legacies from Australia’s early telecommunications history is not to present a counterfactual to Australia’s choice of public monopoly provision of early telecommunications services, but rather to indicate the extent that politics limited the private sector’s role in deploying early telegraph and telephone infrastructure in Australia. The article begins by outlining a theoretical framework for analysing government’s role in deploying new telecommunications technologies, before investigating some of the less familiar literature on the historical impact of government intervention on the private sector in the early Australian telegraph and telephone industries. It then discusses some of the political issues relating to the subsequent liberalisation of the telecommunications industry in Australia and concludes with a discussion of the historical legacies of government intervention on the private sector in the Australian telecommunications industry.
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Hodge, Robert L. "How Are Drugs Made Available in Australia?" International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care 2, nr 4 (październik 1986): 683–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266462300003524.
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The release of prescription drugs in Australia for use by the medical profession is complicated because in practice there is a two-tier system determining availability. The first tier, for new drugs, involves evaluation for safety and efficacy prior to marketing. The final decision is made by the Australian Drug Evaluation Committee (ADEC) serviced by the Department of Health. In the second, much more unusual step, a decision is made by a different committee on whether the now-approved drug is to be included on the government-subsidized drug list (Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme—PBS). Because the PBS list is unusually extensive for a country without a nationalized health service (1,184 items, including all forms and strengths of over 600 drugs) and because a large proportion of prescriptions are written for drugs on the PBS, the PBS Committee making the listing decisions has a major influence on prescribing patterns. In addition, the government is able to exert considerable pressure on drug prices.
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Black, Ann. "REGULATING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC: FATWAS, LAW, AND POLICY IN AUSTRALIA". Journal of Law and Policy Transformation 7, nr 1 (29.06.2022): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.37253/jlpt.v7i1.6710.
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The COVID-19 pandemic tested governments, health systems, and religious communities. Australia prioritised health and community safely over freedom of religion which impacted on religious communal activities, which for Muslims were significant. Unlike Indonesia and other Muslim majority countries, where there is a respected well-established role for ulama, either collectively or individually, giving guidance and rulings (fatwas) to governments and Muslims, in a secular nation, like Australia, it is less established. This paper evaluates the ways by which the three main Islamic organisations in Australia aided their communities during the pandemic and to extent to which they supported their government in implementation of a regulatory raft of isolation and social distancing policies as well as the vaccine mandate. This is done by analysis of fatwas issued during the pandemic. It concludes that by working with, not in opposition to the government regulations, they provided optimal outcomes for the Muslim community and Australia.
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Fan, Qiuyan. "The Impact of Australia’s Government Policy on Broadband Internet Access". Journal of Information Technology Research 6, nr 4 (październik 2013): 18–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jitr.2013100102.
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The Australian government has recognised the importance of broadband for their social and economic development. This paper provides an in-depth analysis of the impact of policy issues on broadband Internet access in Australia. This research has clearly indicated that the state of broadband Internet access is closely related to the Government’s policy and regulatory framework. The Government based its actions on market forces as a principal driver for broadband Internet connectivity. The research has indicated that the previous regulatory competition regime, by and large, has failed to address concerns of market dominance and market power in the Telecommunications sector as is evidenced by a relatively lower speed and value of broadband services in Australia. To rectify the situation, the Australian government has recently adopted a unique National Broadband Network (NBN) plan, which is linked to the national digital economy strategy. Australia is the first country in the world where a national broadband network infrastructure company, NBN Co, is regarded as a regulated national infrastructure provider rather than as a telecommunication company. The NBN Co builds and operates an open access, wholesale only and non-discrimination high-speed broadband network, the National Broadband Network (NBN). The Australian Government's goal for the NBN is to reform the telecommunications sector and ensure every home and business across the country has access to the NBN by 2020. This paper examines the policies underlying the NBN and discusses current practices and potential benefits of the NBN.
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McKay, Graham R. "Policy and Indigenous languages in Australia". Australian Review of Applied Linguistics 34, nr 3 (1.01.2011): 297–319. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/aral.34.3.03mck.
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The use of Indigenous languages has been declining over the period of non-Aboriginal settlement in Australia as a result of repressive policies, both explicit and implicit. The National Policy on Languages (Lo Bianco, 1987) was the high point of language policy in Australia, given its national scope and status and its attempt to encompass all aspects of language use. Indigenous languages received significant recognition as an important social and cultural resource in this policy, but subsequent national policy developments moved via a focus on economic utility to an almost exclusive emphasis on English, exacerbated by a focus on national literacy standards. This is exemplified in the Northern Territory’s treatment of Indigenous bilingual education programs. Over recent years there have been hopeful signs in various states of policy developments supportive of Indigenous languages and in 2009 the Commonwealth Government introduced a new National Indigenous Languages Policy and a plan for a national curriculum in languages. Support for Indigenous languages remains fragmentary, however, and very much subservient to the dominant rhetoric about the need for English skills, while at the same time ignoring research that shows the importance of Indigenous and minority languages for social well-being and for developing English language skills.
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Puspita, Natalia Yeti, i Annisa Irina Nur Halima. "PACIFIC SOLUTION POLICY: MENGGUGAT TANGGUNG JAWAB AUSTRALIA DALAM PENANGANAN PENGUNGSI". Jurnal Paradigma Hukum Pembangunan 5, nr 01 (24.08.2020): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.25170/paradigma.v5i01.1648.
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As one of the countries which is ratifying the 1951 Refugeee Convention and the 1967 Protocol, Australia has an obligation to protect refugees and guarantee their rights as stated in the provisions. With the issuance of the Pacific Solution Policy by the Australian Government to restrict refugees who come to Australia, Australia has reneged on international treaties on the protection of refugees that have been ratified. Based on the results of normative juridical research which is used in this paper, it can be seen that the state sovereignty principle which is used as the legal basis for implementing the policy cannot necessarily erase the obligations that have been imposed on it, especially with the development of the current understanding of the state sovereignty principle that links human rights protection. In addition, the attachment to international agreements that have been agreed based on the principle of Pacta Sunt Servanda becomes the basis for strengthening legitimacy that the Australian Government can be held responsibility in connection with the implementation of the Pacific Solution Policy in the handling of refugees in Australia.
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Mosolova, Olga V. "Australia: Economy of Growth". South East Asia: Actual problems of Development, nr 2(51) (2021): 243–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.31696/2072-8271-2021-2-2-51-243-253.
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The government of Australia gives a grant attention to the maintenance of high rates of economic development. In the course of a long time the country was one of the leading countries in the rates of economic growth in the world. The achievements of Australia attributes to competent domestic policy direct on the effective elaboration and realization of the economic, ecologic and social initiatives.
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Clark, Andrew. "Your Asia-Pacific Network: The use of Radio Australia by the Australian Government". Pacific Journalism Review : Te Koakoa 9, nr 1 (1.09.2003): 80–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.24135/pjr.v9i1.758.
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This article examines the use of Radio Australia by the Australian Government. It examines the extent that the Australian Government's foreign policy goals are reflected in the charter and programming of Radio Australia. The paper begins with a brief historical look at Radio Australia followed by description and analysis of the role of an intermediary between the government and the station, which, in this case, is the Australian Broadcasting Corporation (ABC), the parent company of Radio Australia; the programme philosophy of, and programming offered by Radio Australia, and criticisms of Radio Australia from within the Pacific.
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Craig, Lyn, Killian Mullan i Megan Blaxland. "Parenthood, policy and work-family time in Australia 1992—2006". Work, Employment and Society 24, nr 1 (marzec 2010): 27–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0950017009353778.
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This article explores how having children impacted upon (a) paid work, domestic work and childcare (total workload) and (b) the gender division of labour in Australia over a 15-year period during which government changed from the progressive Labor Party to the socially conservative National/Liberal Party Coalition. It describes changes and continuity in government policies and rhetoric about work, family and gender issues and trends in workforce participation. Data from three successive nationally representative Time Use Surveys (1992, 1997 and 2006), N=3846, are analysed. The difference between parents’ and non-parents’ total workload grew substantially under both governments, especially for women. In households with children there was a nascent trend to gender convergence in paid and unpaid work under Labor, which reversed under the Coalition.
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Stokes, Anthony, i Sarah Wright. "The Impact Of A Demand-Driven Higher Education Policy In Australia". Journal of International Education Research (JIER) 8, nr 4 (20.09.2012): 441–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.19030/jier.v8i4.7292.
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In 2012, the Australian government introduced a demand-driven entitlement system for domestic higher education students in which recognised higher education providers are free to enrol as many eligible students as they wish in eligible higher education courses and receive corresponding government subsidies for those students. This paper examines the impact that already has occurred as a result of this decision and the likely long-term effects that this will have on higher education in Australia.
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Hood, Christopher, Paul Roberts i Marilyn Chilvers. "Cutbacks and Public Bureaucracy: Consequences in Australia". Journal of Public Policy 10, nr 2 (kwiecień 1990): 133–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0143814x00004797.
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ABSTRACTDrawing on data for 60 Australian Commonwealth government bureaucracies 1976–86, this paper explores what measurable consequences for bureaucratic structure can be associated with staffing and spending cutbacks. It looks at cutbacks both at government-wide and at individual-bureaucracylevel, on the basis of a casualty list intended to portray the different dimensions of relative bureaucratic ‘suffering’ more systematically than has hitherto been done in the cutback management literature. It then explores associations between measures of cutbacks and indicators of structural consequences, both at government-wide and departmental level, relating that to the debate as to whether ‘leaner means weaker’ in government cutbacks. The ‘leaner means weaker’ view of bureaucratic cutbacks is hard to sustain from these data.
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Lilly, Kara, Jonathan Hallett, Suzanne Robinson i Linda A. Selvey. "Insights into local health and wellbeing policy process in Australia". Health Promotion International 35, nr 5 (29.08.2019): 925–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/heapro/daz082.
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Abstract To investigate factors that enable or challenge the initiation and actioning of health and wellbeing policy in Australian local governments using political science frameworks. An online survey was distributed to staff and elected members of Australian local governments. The survey sought responses to a range of variables as informed by political science frameworks. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and results were compared between local governments of different geographical sizes and locations using Kruskal–Wallis non-parametric testing. There were 1825 survey responses, including 243 CEOs, representing 45% of Australian local governments. Enablers for local government policy initiation and action included the high priority given to health and wellbeing (44%), local leadership (56%) and an organizational (70%) and personal obligation (68%) to the community to act. Less true is a favourable legislative environment (33%), leadership from higher levels of government (29%) and sufficient financial capacity (22%). Cities are better positioned to initiate and action health policy, regardless of the broader legislative environment. Health and wellbeing is a high priority for Australian local governments, despite lack of funding and limited lobbying and support from other sectors and higher levels of government. The insights from political science frameworks assist to understand the policy process, including the interrelatedness of enablers and challenges to initiating and actioning health and wellbeing policy. Further understanding the policy drivers would support practitioners and researchers advocating to influence local health and wellbeing policy.
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Schofield-Georgeson, Eugene, i Michael Rawling. "Industrial legislation in Australia in 2019". Journal of Industrial Relations 62, nr 3 (2.04.2020): 425–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022185620911682.
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In this 2019 electoral year, a federal Morrison Liberal Government was returned to power with little in the way of an industrial agenda. It failed to implement its key legislation, which mainly included reform to union governance and changes to religious freedom in the workplace. Meanwhile, the state governments, particularly the Victorian Andrews Labor Government, reviewed a swathe of labour law, including wage theft, industrial manslaughter, owner–driver legislation and workers' compensation laws and implemented a host of progressive changes. This year has also seen the continuation of a key policy trend, observable at both state and federal levels of government, towards regulation of aspects of industrial relations by the state that were once exclusively the province of employers and trade unions through a twentieth-century system of conciliation and arbitration.
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A Scuffham, Paul. "The assessment of pharmaceuticals for government subsidy in Australia: recent developments". Journal of Medical Economics 10, nr 2 (styczeń 2007): 163–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.3111/200710163169.
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Grogan, P. "Bowel Cancer Screening in Australia: Research and Tactics to Achieve an Advocacy Goal". Journal of Global Oncology 4, Supplement 2 (1.10.2018): 145s. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jgo.18.14500.
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Background and context: Bowel cancer is the second leading cause of cancer death in Australia, yet survival is above 90% if it is detected at stage one. Cancer Council Australia has advocated since 1997 (when RCT evidence was published) for a national government-run screening program—a challenge to any government, given the costs and changes across the health system, irrespective of the health benefits. Cancer Council Australia has advocated at every step in the program’s development, from pilot studies to securing bipartisan political support for the program´s introduction to funding allocations linked to our budget submissions. Yet cost pressures restricted the Australian Government in 2013 to implementation by 2034 - an unacceptable timeframe in view of preventable deaths over that period. To find a peer-reviewed “big number” to convince candidates in Australia´s 2013 federal election to support full implementation by 2020, Cancer Council commissioned a study of multiple screening scenarios submitted to a leading medical journal, showing our implementation plan would prevent 35,000 bowel cancer deaths by 2040. The incoming government, despite campaigning on national debt-reduction, allocated almost $100 million dollars—the centrepiece of its first health budget—to Cancer Council Australia´s plan, attributing the decision to our advice. Subsequent Cancer Council Australia research has shown the program´s life-saving benefits to be even greater if participation can be increased, and that it would achieve net savings. We continue to push for program promotion, with our peer-reviewed research showing 60% participation would prevent 84,000 bowel cancer deaths by 2040. Aim: To highlight how political advocacy and scientific research can work together by ensuring the advocacy is based on the best available evidence, with that evidence collected through a peer-reviewed study designed to deliver major policy reform. Strategy/Tactics: The key strategy/tactics were basic but often overlooked: collect the most compelling evidence of benefit, thereby making it difficult for politicians to dismiss the advocacy. The example of bowel cancer screening advocacy in Australia since 2012-13 has been presented in Australian research institutes to highlight how studies can be designed expressly to translate to a major policy outcome. Program/Policy process: Cancer Council Australia adhered to all government processes within its advocacy remit (budget submissions, being appointed to government committees, producing clinical practice guidelines) while working independently to drive the research and public policy agenda. Outcomes: The accelerated implementation of a landmark national screening program. What was learned: That even politicians obsessed with budget cuts can´t always argue with the best evidence—and that researchers can design studies that change policy and practice, if guided by political pragmatists.
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Boerma, Bernard, Robert Hayes, Alissa Moen i Anthony T. Williams. "Recent changes in mental health legislation and government policy in psychiatric care in Australia". Psychiatric Bulletin 19, nr 5 (maj 1995): 293–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/pb.19.5.293.
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There have been a number of recent changes in mental health care legislation in Australia some of which mirror the changes that have occurred in the UK. These are reviewed within the context of the differing health care system in Australia and with particular reference to the State of New South Wales.
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Laughren, Pat. "Debating Australian Documentary Production Policy: Some Practitioner Perspectives". Media International Australia 129, nr 1 (listopad 2008): 116–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1329878x0812900112.
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On 1 July 2008, Screen Australia commenced operation as the main Australian government agency supporting the screen production industry. This article considers some of the policy issues and challenges identified by the ‘community of practitioners’ as facing Australian documentary production at the time of the formation of that ‘super-agency’ from the merger of its three predecessor organisations — the Australian Film Commission, the Film Finance Corporation and Film Australia. The article proceeds by sketching the history of documentary production in Australia and identifying the bases of its financial and regulatory supports. It also surveys recent debate in the documentary sector and attempts to contextualise the themes of those discussions within the history of the Australian documentary.
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Williams, Peter John, i Angelique Mary Williams. "Sustainability and planning law in Australia: achievements and challenges". International Journal of Law in the Built Environment 8, nr 3 (10.10.2016): 226–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijlbe-06-2016-0008.
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Purpose Since 1992, all levels of government in Australia have pursued a policy of ecologically sustainable development (ESD). Crafted in response to the World Commission on Environment and Development 1987 report Our Common Future (the Brundtland Report), the principles contained in the Australian Government’s National Strategy for Ecologically Sustainable Development have been progressively implemented at the national, state and local levels of government. The purpose of this paper is not only to track the implementation of these principles, through both policy and law in Australia, but also to highlight recent challenges to the concept of ESD using the state of New South Wales (NSW) as a case study. Design/methodology/approach Beginning with a description of the Australian concept of ESD, this paper first examines the implementation of ESD through both policy and legislation at the national level. The state of NSW is then selected for more detailed assessment, with examples of key State government legislation and court decisions considered. Equal emphasis is placed on both the achievements in ESD policy development and implementation through legislation, statutory planning procedures and litigation, as well as the challenges that have confronted the pursuit of ESD in NSW. Findings Since its introduction in 1992, the concept of ESD has matured into a key guiding principle for development and environmental decision-making in Australia. However, in recent years, ESD has been the target of significant challenge by some areas of government. Noteworthy among these challenges has been a failed attempt by the NSW Government to introduce new planning legislation which sought to replace ESD with the arguably weaker concept of “sustainable development”. Apparent from this episode is strong community and institutional support for robust sustainability provisions “manifested through ESD” within that State’s statutory planning system. Originality/value This paper provides an overview of the implementation of ESD in Australia within both a broader international context of sustainable development and specific instances of domestic interpretation and application. It extends this analysis by examining recent public policy attempts to reposition sustainability in the context of statutory planning system reform in NSW.
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Hing-tong, William, John Chi-kin Lee i Henry Chun-wai Leung. "Consolidation of Rural Education in Hong Kong and Australia". Australian and International Journal of Rural Education 7, nr 2 (1.07.1997): 13–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.47381/aijre.v7i2.421.
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Structural change in the provision of rural education appears to have two causes. It can result from demographic change within the framework of existing policy or from changes in government policy. On such policy change was the consolidation of rural primary education in Hong Kong during the 1980's and 1990's. The policy involved the closure of a number of small rural primary schools and transporting the children to larger consolidated schools. Recently, in Australia, Victorian Government has marked 18 primary schools and 3 secondary schools in rural areas for voluntary closure or would be asked to consider merging. In this paper, a historical review of pOlicies of two governments and their consequences of consolidation policy are the main concerns. The first section will cover rural education development in Hong Kong followed by a review on the consolidation of rural education in Australia at Wimmera, one of Victorian rural areas. In the final section the consequences of consolidation of rural education in Hong Kong and Australia are discussed.
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Andersen, N. A. "Primary Care in Australia". International Journal of Health Services 16, nr 2 (kwiecień 1986): 199–212. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/3l1k-c30d-j5af-2ajn.
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The Australian health care delivery system is reviewed in this article, with special comment on the implications of the financial components of the system and government concerns regarding costs and over-servicing. General practitioners' perception of their role is not significantly different from the expectation of patients, yet the reality may not match the idealized view. There are problems related to availability and there are developments which seem to pose some threat to the continuing care of patients. New developments have occurred in the way in which practice is organized which give an emphasis to continual availability over 24 hour periods, and these developments pose a challenge to the way in which doctors have organized their practices. Population features-Aborigines, migrants, and the elderly-present significant problems that are not always well met, and the concept of total patient care thereby suffers. The general practitioner's apparent failure to fill the expected role in co-ordination of services is discussed, as is the need for general practitioners to become more actively involved in health education and promotion. The hope for the future lies in the Family Medicine Programme of The Royal Australian College of General Practitioners, which represents a major attempt to provide appropriate vocational training for general practice.
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Lyons, Mark, i Andrew Passey. "Need Public Policy Ignore the Third Sector? Government Policy in Australia and the United Kingdom". Australian Journal of Public Administration 65, nr 3 (wrzesień 2006): 90–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8500.2006.00496a.x.
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Skorobogatykh, Natalya. ""Welfare State" in Australia according to Gough Whitlam's Labor Government". South East Asia Actual problems of Development, nr 4 (53) (2021): 225–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.31696/2072-8271-2021-4-4-53-225-239.
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The article examines one of the most important aspects of Gough Whitlam Labor government activities in 1972–1975 – its social policy. Its main directions and the reasons for the short-lived rule of the ALP in the early 1970s are analyzed.
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Richardson, Jeffrey. "Medical Technology and its Diffusion in Australia". International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care 4, nr 3 (lipiec 1988): 407–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266462300000362.
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AbstractThe author examines the Australian health care system by surveying the financing techniques, physical organization, and government activity. He explains the impact of the public and private sectors and comments on the effectiveness of current evaluation procedures. While the author believes that the system is relatively healthy and cost effective, he recognizes a need for more comprehensive and scientific oversight. Using regression analysis and focusing on the installation of medical technology in hospitals, the author attempts to determine the specific factors that influence technology diffusion. He concludes by stressing that further studies analyzing the actual use of specific technologies are vital.
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Robinson, Maxine F., Cathrine Mihalopoulos, Tracy Merlin i Elizabeth Roughead. "CHARACTERISTICS OF MANAGED ENTRY AGREEMENTS IN AUSTRALIA". International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care 34, nr 1 (26.12.2017): 46–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266462317001106.
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Objectives: Australia relies on managed entry agreements (MEAs) for many medicines added to the national Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme (PBS). Previous studies of Australian MEAs examined public domain documents and were not able to provide a comprehensive assessment of the types and operation of MEAs. This study used government documents approved for release to examine the implementation and administration of MEAs implemented January 2012 to May 2016.Methods: We accessed documents for medicines with MEAs on the PBS between January 2012 and May 2016. Data were extracted on Anatomical Therapeutic Classification (ATC), type of MEA (financial, financial with outcomes, outcomes, and subcategories within each group), implementation and administration methods, source of MEA recommendation, and type of economic analysis.Results: Of all medication indication pairs (MIPs) recommended for listing, one-third had MEAs implemented. Our study of eighty-seven MIPs had 170 MEAs in place. The Government's expert health technology assessment (HTA) committee recommended MEAs for 90 percent of the eighty-seven MIPs. A total of 81 percent of MEAs were simple financial agreements: the majority either discounts (32 percent) or reimbursement caps (43 percent). Outcome-based MEAs were least common (5 percent). Ninety-two percent of MEAs were implemented and operated through legal agreements. Approximately half of the MIPs were listed on the basis of accepted claims of cost-minimization. Forty-nine percent of medicines were in ATC L group.Conclusion: Advice from HTA evaluations strongly influences the implementation of ways to manage uncertainties while providing access to medicines. The government relied primarily on simple financial agreements for the managed entry of medicines for which there were perceived risks.
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Kartika Bintarsari, Nuriyeni. "The Cultural Genocide in Australia: A Case Study of the Forced Removal of Aborigine Children from 1912-1962". SHS Web of Conferences 54 (2018): 05002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/20185405002.
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This paper will discuss the Forced Removal Policy of Aborigine children in Australia from 1912 to 1962. The Forced Removal Policy is a Government sponsored policy to forcibly removed Aborigine children from their parent’s homes and get them educated in white people households and institutions. There was a people’s movement in Sydney, Australia, and London, Englandin 1998to bring about “Sorry Books.” Australia’s “Sorry Books” was a movement initiated by the advocacy organization Australian for Native Title (ANT) to address the failure of The Australian government in making proper apologies toward the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander population. The objective of this paper is to examine the extent of cultural genocide imposed by the Australian government towards its Aborigine population in the past and its modern-day implication. This paper is the result of qualitative research using literature reviews of relevant materials. The effect of the study is in highlighting mainly two things. First, the debate on the genocidal intention of the policy itself is still ongoing. Secondly, to discuss the effect of past government policies in forming the shape of national identities, in this case, the relations between the Australian government and its Aborigine population.
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Bloomfield, Alan. "Australia, and ASEAN at Fifty". Jindal Journal of International Affairs 2, nr 2 (1.12.2018): 38–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.54945/jjia.v2i2.85.
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In its early documents related to Asianist orientation, Australia looked at engaging its immediate neighbourhood through institution such as ASEAN. ASEAN which was created to bring about synergies within the region and also engage important stakeholders as dialogue partners. Australia has been involved in Vietnam as part of its alliance obligations with US in 1970s and subsequently also. Australia has looked into ASEAN as a vehicle for cooperation, development and building better relations with Indonesia. The author argues that while Australia has aligned itself with the concept of the ASEAN way, there has not been any tectonic shift in the way Australia conducts its foreign policy. Even though Australia was one of the earliest dialogue partner in ASEAN, it has calibrated its policy depending on the national government priorities and the international interests of the country. The article also outlines the narrative from Australian perspective and situates ASEAN in the larger foreign policy discourse in Australia.