Artykuły w czasopismach: „Non-native birds”

1

ZoBell, Vanessa M., i Brett J. Furnas. "Impacts of land use and invasive species on native avifauna of Mo’orea, French Polynesia". PeerJ 5 (15.09.2017): e3761. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.3761.

Pełny tekst źródła

Streszczenie:

Oceanic islands are among the most endemically biodiverse ecosystems in the world. They have been adversely impacted by human expansion, which affects regional biodiversity by altering the natural habitats of vulnerable, indigenous species. Birds represent a valuable indicator species of environmental change due to their ability to adapt quickly. Investigating the relationship between environmental change, abundance, and behaviors of birds can help us better anticipate potential impacts to island ecosystems. In addition, we can understand the population trends and restricted ranges of native avifauna, identify the regions needing protection, and assess habitat vulnerability linked to anthropogenic activities. In Mo’orea, French Polynesia, we studied nine passerine bird species using automated acoustic recording devices placed in agricultural, forested, and mixed habitats. Based on call counts per unit time and occupancy modeling, we found evidence that three non-native species preferred agricultural areas and low-canopy cover over dense forested areas. Furthermore, native bird detectability and possibly abundance was significantly lower than non-native birds. Using hierarchical cluster analysis to support inferences regarding behavioral differences, we found that native bird calling activity was negatively associated with non-native bird calling activity. Altogether, these results suggest native bird populations are at risk in all of the habitats studied, but forests serve as a potential refuge.

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

2

Johnson, Tracey, i Anna Chalfoun. "Identifying Avian Community Response to Sagebrush Vegetation Restoration in Grand Teton National Park". UW National Parks Service Research Station Annual Reports 36 (1.01.2013): 36–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.13001/uwnpsrc.2013.3979.

Pełny tekst źródła

Streszczenie:

Approximately 50-60% of native sagebrush steppe has been lost to non-native grasses, which has contributed to population decreases for sagebrush-associated songbirds. Removal of non-native grasses and restoration treatments may return structure and function of sagebrush steppe and ultimately benefit songbirds, but their responses must be evaluated. To determine breeding songbird community responses to sagebrush restoration treatments, in 2013 we conducted bird surveys at restored plots at the Kelly Hayfields restoration area in Grand Teton National Park, Wyoming. We compared bird communities and vegetation characteristics in restored plots to plots that were unrestored and to areas of native sagebrush steppe as starting and endpoints for restoration, respectively. Unrestored plots were dominated by non-native grasses; restored plots were dominated by forbs and bare ground and had very little shrub cover (< 0.1%). Native sagebrush plots were dominated by shrubs and native bunchgrasses. Bird community composition was distinct among the three types of plots. Abundance of grassland birds was highest in unrestored plots, and was positively related to cover of non-native grass and litter depth. Abundance of shrubland birds was highest in native sagebrush, and was positively associated with shrub cover. There were very few detections of birds in restored plots, and most species were negatively associated with the high levels of bare ground that characterized these plots. Restored areas may initially (â¤5 yrs) provide little breeding bird habitat, which should be accounted for when determining schedules of restoration treatments at Kelly Hayfields.

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

3

Blackburn, Tim M., i Kevin J. Gaston. "Contribution of non-native galliforms to annual variation in biomass of British birds". Biological Invasions 23, nr 5 (23.01.2021): 1549–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10530-021-02458-y.

Pełny tekst źródła

Streszczenie:

AbstractMillions of individuals of two species of non-native galliform birds, the Common Pheasant (Phasianus colchicus) and Red-legged Partridge (Alectoris rufa) are released into the British countryside annually in late summer, supplementing established breeding populations of these two species. The biomass of birds involved in these releases has been compared to the British breeding bird biomass. However, the validity of this comparison is compromised because the biomass of wild birds varies across the year due to reproduction, mortality and migration. How the biomass of Common Pheasants and Red-legged Partridges compares to that of other British bird species in late summer, or across the whole year, is currently unknown. Here, we produce estimates of how British bird biomass varies across the year, to assess the contribution of the two non-native galliforms to this variation. We show that overall British bird biomass is probably lowest around the start of the breeding season in April, and peaks in late summer and autumn. We estimate that around a quarter of British bird biomass annually is contributed by Common Pheasants and Red-legged Partridges, and that at their peak in August these two species represent about half of all wild bird biomass in Britain.

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

4

Reynolds, Michelle H., Richard J. Camp, Bonnie M. B. Nielson i James D. Jacobi. "Evidence of change in a low-elevation forest bird community of Hawai'i since 1979". Bird Conservation International 13, nr 3 (wrzesień 2003): 175–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0959270903003149.

Pełny tekst źródła

Streszczenie:

We evaluated the abundance and distribution of low-elevation forest birds on windward Hawai'i Island during August 1993-February 1994, and present evidence of changes in the species composition of the forest bird community since 1979. Endemic Hawaiian birds occurred in native-dominated forests as low as 120 m elevation. Non-native species were detected at all survey locations. We observed non-native Saffron Finch Sicalis flaveola, previously unrecorded in Puna. Variable circular plot surveys of Kahauale'a Natural Area Reserve indicated the disappearance of two native species ('I'iwi Vestiaria coccinea and 'O'u Psittitostra psittacea), and two non-native additions (Red-billed Leiothrix Leiothrix lutea and Kalij Pheasant Lophura leucomelana) to the study area since the Hawai'i Forest Bird Survey conducted in 1979. We present evidence that native 'Elepaio Chasiempsis sandwichensis has experienced a decrease in population density and an elevational range contraction since 1979. Surveys indicate Puna's forest bird community has had increasing aliens and declining native species since 1979. The persistence of some native bird species within the range of avian disease vectors such as Culex quinquefasciatus in forests below 1,000 m elevation presents an important enigma that requires additional study.

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

5

Martin-Albarracin, Valeria L., Guillermo C. Amico, Daniel Simberloff i Martin A. Nuñez. "Impact of Non-Native Birds on Native Ecosystems: A Global Analysis". PLOS ONE 10, nr 11 (17.11.2015): e0143070. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0143070.

Pełny tekst źródła

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

6

Evans, Thomas. "Quantifying the global threat to native birds from predation by non‐native birds on small islands". Conservation Biology 35, nr 4 (17.02.2021): 1268–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/cobi.13697.

Pełny tekst źródła

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

7

Chalfoun, Anna D., i Tracey N. Johnson. "Effects of sagebrush restoration on plant and bird communities in Grand Teton National Park". UW National Parks Service Research Station Annual Reports 41 (15.12.2018): 65–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.13001/uwnpsrc.2018.5651.

Pełny tekst źródła

Streszczenie:

Approximately half of sagebrush steppe range-wide has been converted to non-native grasslands, which has contributed to population declines of sagebrush-associated songbirds. Removal of non-native grasses and restoration treatments are time-, resource- and energy-intensive, but could lead to the return of functional habitat for sagebrush wildlife. The extent to which restoration efforts repair the structure and functionality of sagebrush steppe for different types of wildlife, however, remains largely untested. To determine breeding songbird community responses to sagebrush restoration treatments, we are conducting a longitudinal study with sampling every 5 years within restoration units at different stages of restoration in the Kelly Hayfields restoration area in Grand Teton National Park, Wyoming. Thus far, in 2013 and 2018 we compared bird and plant communities in unrestored (largely smooth brome [Bromus inermis]) units to those in various stages of restoration treatments, and to areas of native sagebrush. The sagebrush plots will serve as desired comparators for the endpoints of restoration efforts. The in-progress and recently replanted units were either dominated by bare ground (following herbicidal application) or native forbs with very little shrub cover (< 0.1%). Native sagebrush units were dominated by shrubs and native bunchgrasses. Bird community composition was distinct among the different unit types. Abundance of grassland birds was highest in unrestored units, whereas the abundance of shrubland birds was highest in native sagebrush and positively associated with shrub cover. There were very few detections of birds in recently re-seeded units. Restored areas may initially provide little breeding bird habitat, especially prior to the establishment of native bunch grasses and a mature shrub layer. Plant and bird sampling efforts will continue every five years to document how plant and bird assemblages shift over time in response to restoration efforts. Featured photo by Matt Lavin on Flickr. https://flic.kr/p/fh7UJz

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

8

Martin-Albarracin, Valeria L., Martin A. Nuñez i Guillermo C. Amico. "Replacement of native by non-native animal communities assisted by human introduction and management on Isla Victoria, Nahuel Huapi National Park". PeerJ 3 (20.10.2015): e1328. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.1328.

Pełny tekst źródła

Streszczenie:

One of the possible consequences of biological invasions is the decrease of native species abundances or their replacement by non-native species. In Andean Patagonia, southern Argentina and Chile, many non-native animals have been introduced and are currently spreading. On Isla Victoria, Nahuel Huapi National Park, many non-native vertebrates were introduced ca. 1937. Records indicate that several native vertebrates were present before these species were introduced. We hypothesize that seven decades after the introduction of non-native species and without appropriate management to maintain native diversity, non-native vertebrates have displaced native species (given the known invasiveness and impacts of some of the introduced species). We conducted direct censuses in linear transects 500 m long (n= 10) in parallel with camera-trapping (1,253 camera-days) surveys in two regions of the island with different levels of disturbance: high (n= 4) and low (n= 6) to study the community of terrestrial mammals and birds and the relative abundances of native and non-native species. Results show that currently non-native species are dominant across all environments; 60.4% of census records and 99.7% of camera trapping records are of non-native animals. We detected no native large mammals; the assemblage of large vertebrates consisted of five non-native mammals and one non-native bird. Native species detected were one small mammal and one small bird. Species with the highest trapping rate were red and fallow deer, wild boar, silver pheasant (all four species are non-native) and chucao (a native bird). These results suggest that native species are being displaced by non-natives and are currently in very low numbers.

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

9

Dragomir, Matei-Ionuț, Alina Dragomir i Dumitru Murariu. "Aspects of Habitat Use by Birds during Spring in Natural Forests and Non-Native Plantation Forests in the Lower Siret Meadow (Eastern Romania)". Travaux du Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle “Grigore Antipa” 60, nr 1 (1.06.2017): 401–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/travmu-2017-0002.

Pełny tekst źródła

Streszczenie:

Abstract The Lower Siret Meadow forest habitats have been altered from natural structure because of commercial forestry operations, activities that are defining the forest management from previous decades. Afforestation programs aimed to test the introduction of exotic tree species in order to increase wood production and to reduce harvest time intervals. These commercial influences reflect in the decrease of natural forest areas, aspect that could influence the birds presence. Studies on the ecological impact of plantations on birds are scarce, and no studies were found regarding this aspect in the region. Using six different sample areas both in native and non-native tree plantations, we investigated how bird presence is influenced by the support capacity offered by both natural or non-native plantations and which vegetation variables are related to our results. We compared the data from the surveyed areas to relate birds presence and dependence on certain characteristics of the habitats. Our results pointed out that species diversity is higher in natural forests with local tree species and vegetation characteristics like forest canopy density, shrub coverage, and herbaceous layer.

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

10

Smith, Alexis D., i Emily Minor. "Chicago’s Urban Cemeteries as Habitat for Cavity-Nesting Birds". Sustainability 11, nr 12 (13.06.2019): 3258. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11123258.

Pełny tekst źródła

Streszczenie:

Although not explicitly managed for conservation, urban cemeteries may provide a reserve of dead and dying trees for cavity-nesting birds. However, the ability of urban cemeteries to support these birds on current landscapes is largely unknown. We surveyed cavity-nesting birds and their habitat in 18 cemeteries in Chicago, Illinois (USA). At each location, we examined vegetation, availability of gravestones and monuments for perches, and landscape-level environmental conditions. We tested the importance of these variables for presence of individual bird species, and for overall richness of native cavity-nesting birds. We also assessed the availability and characteristics of tree cavities and their distribution among different tree species. We found that most cemeteries contained at least one dead or dying tree. Across all sampled areas, we detected 207 naturally-occurring and 77 excavated tree cavities. Tree species generally supported cavities in proportion to their abundance. We observed 12 native and two non-native cavity-nesting bird species in the cemeteries. Cavity-nesting bird species richness was best explained by landscape-level variables such as canopy cover and distance to water, but local-level variables (e.g., number of graves in a 50 m radius) influenced habitat selection for some species. Based on our results, we make suggestions for how both existing cemeteries and new “green” cemeteries can support biodiversity conservation.

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

11

Aronson, Myla F. J., Frank A. La Sorte, Charles H. Nilon, Madhusudan Katti, Mark A. Goddard, Christopher A. Lepczyk, Paige S. Warren i in. "A global analysis of the impacts of urbanization on bird and plant diversity reveals key anthropogenic drivers". Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 281, nr 1780 (7.04.2014): 20133330. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2013.3330.

Pełny tekst źródła

Streszczenie:

Urbanization contributes to the loss of the world's biodiversity and the homogenization of its biota. However, comparative studies of urban biodiversity leading to robust generalities of the status and drivers of biodiversity in cities at the global scale are lacking. Here, we compiled the largest global dataset to date of two diverse taxa in cities: birds (54 cities) and plants (110 cities). We found that the majority of urban bird and plant species are native in the world's cities. Few plants and birds are cosmopolitan, the most common being Columba livia and Poa annua . The density of bird and plant species (the number of species per km 2 ) has declined substantially: only 8% of native bird and 25% of native plant species are currently present compared with estimates of non-urban density of species. The current density of species in cities and the loss in density of species was best explained by anthropogenic features (landcover, city age) rather than by non-anthropogenic factors (geography, climate, topography). As urbanization continues to expand, efforts directed towards the conservation of intact vegetation within urban landscapes could support higher concentrations of both bird and plant species. Despite declines in the density of species, cities still retain endemic native species, thus providing opportunities for regional and global biodiversity conservation, restoration and education.

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

12

Stevens, Scott D., i Troy I. Wellicome. "A Survey for Federally Listed Grassland Birds at First Nations Reserves". Canadian Field-Naturalist 119, nr 4 (1.10.2005): 490. http://dx.doi.org/10.22621/cfn.v119i4.178.

Pełny tekst źródła

Streszczenie:

We surveyed native and non-native grassland for federally listed grassland bird species at Reserves and/or Treaty Land Entitlements (TLE) belonging to five First Nations in the prairie ecozone of Canada. Ferruginous Hawk (Buteo regalis – of special concern), Loggerhead Shrike (Lanius ludovicianus – threatened), and Long-billed Curlew (Numenius americanus – of special concern) were observed at five of 335, three of 361, and five of 329 survey points within their respective geographic ranges. Sprague’s Pipit (Anthus spragueii – threatened) was observed at 69 of 361 survey points and accounted for 84% of sites with listed birds. Estimates of proportions of native and non-native grassland within 400 m of survey points indicated that Sprague’s Pipit preferred native grassland. Despite special effort, the Burrowing Owl (Athene culicularia – endangered) was not observed, although a nest from a previous year was encountered. We recorded the greatest number of species and individuals on reserves located in mixed and moist-mixed grasslands that contained large portions of native grassland. In many instances, field assessments revealed unsuitable habitat at sites that remote-sensing data classified as suitable.

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

13

Atkinson, C. T., K. L. Woods, R. J. Dusek, L. S. Sileo i W. M. Iko. "Wildlife disease and conservation in Hawaii: Pathogenicity of avian malaria (Plasmodium relictum) in experimentally infected Iiwi (Vestiaria coccinea)". Parasitology 111, S1 (styczeń 1995): S59—S69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s003118200007582x.

Pełny tekst źródła

Streszczenie:

SUMMARYNative Hawaiian forest birds are facing a major extinction crisis with more than 75% of species recorded in historical times either extinct or endangered. Reasons for this catastrophe include habitat destruction, competition with non-native species, and introduction of predators and avian diseases. We tested susceptibility of Iiwi (Vestiaria coccinea), a declining native species, and Nutmeg Mannikins (Lonchura punctulata), a common non-native species, to an isolate ofPlasmodium relictumfrom the island of Hawaii. Food consumption, weight, and parasitaemia were monitored in juvenile Iiwi that were infected by either single (low-dose) or multiple (high-dose) mosquito bites. Mortality in both groups was significantly higher than in uninfected controls, reaching 100% of high-dose birds and 90% of low-dose birds. Significant declines in food consumption and a corresponding loss of body weight occurred in malaria-infected birds. Both sex and body weight had significant effects on survival time, with males more susceptible than females and birds with low initial weights more susceptible than those with higher initial weights. Gross and microscopic lesions in malaria fatalities included massive enlargement of the spleen and liver, hyperplasia of the reticuloendothelial system with extensive deposition of malarial pigment, and overwhelming anaemia in which over 30% of the circulating erythrocytes were parasitized. Nutmeg Mannikins, by contrast, were completely refractory to infection. Our findings support previous studies documenting high susceptibility of native Hawaiian forest birds to avian malaria. This disease continues to threaten remaining high elevation populations of endangered native birds.

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

14

Nijman, Vincent, Marco Campera, Muhammad Ali Imron, Ahmad Ardiansyah, Abdullah Langgeng, Tungga Dewi, Katherine Hedger, Rifqi Hendrik i K. Anne-Isola Nekaris. "The Role of the Songbird Trade as an Anthropogenic Vector in the Spread of Invasive Non-Native Mynas in Indonesia". Life 11, nr 8 (11.08.2021): 814. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/life11080814.

Pełny tekst źródła

Streszczenie:

The wildlife trade has facilitated the introduction of invasive non-native species, which may compete with native species for resources and alter ecosystems. Some of these species have great potential to become invasive if released or escaped from captivity. Here we studied the pet trade in a group of open countryside birds, the mynas (Acridotheres spp.) in Indonesia, and identified the areas that are at high risk of facing the establishment of these species. Mynas are among the most invasive birds in Southeast Asia. Once established in a new area, they are almost impossible to eradicate and can have strong negative impacts on the ecosystem. Preventing their introduction is therefore essential. Yet, invasive non-native mynas continue to be traded openly. We present data on the trade in seven species of mynas on Java, Bali and Lombok, with three species being native to parts of one or two of these islands, but not to the remainder, and four that are non-native to the region. From 2016 to 2021 we conducted 255 surveys of 30 animal markets. We recorded over 6000 mynas that were offered for sale outside their native range. Areas most at risk because of their high prevalence in specific animal markets, are Greater Jakarta, eastern Java, Bali and Lombok. The number of invasive non-native mynas recorded was positively related to the size of the animal market. Indonesia is signatory to several international agreements (CBD, ASEAN) that have policies and guidelines to prevent the introduction of invasive non-native species, but compliancy is weak. Annually hundreds and possibly thousands of invasive non-native mynas are released by Indonesian conservation authorities in regions that are outside their native range. Effective management of, and regulation of trade in, potential invasive non-native birds in Indonesia falls short and inadvertently greatly aids both their introduction and establishment.

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

15

White, Douglas W., i Edmund W. Stiles. "Bird dispersal of fruits of species introduced into eastern North America". Canadian Journal of Botany 70, nr 8 (1.08.1992): 1689–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b92-208.

Pełny tekst źródła

Streszczenie:

We compared bird use of fruits of introduced and native plant species to explore the roles of coevolution, ecological fitting, and chance in shaping seed dispersal interactions. Of 45 bird-dispersed species recorded at three sites in central New Jersey, 15 (33%) were nonnative. In fall samples from seed traps and fecal droppings, introduced species accounted for 0.4–14% of fruit biomass overall and 3 – 30% of the biomass of low-quality fruits. Although absolute fruit use declined from fall to winter, relative use of introduced species increased seasonally to as high as half of winter fruit biomass. Heavy use of non-native fruits appears recent; introductions accounted for only 2% of plant species occurrences in fall and winter records of stomach contents for nine passerine species in New England and mid-Atlantic states between 1881 and 1950. Introduced fruits with fall maturation, low-quality pulp, and high durability now rival native species in fruit diets of birds in late fall and winter. The success of introductions demonstrates coadaptation through ecological fitting of preadapted partners; nevertheless, the predominant use of introduced fruits after peak bird migration suggests that introduced fruits may be less well matched to local dispersal opportunities than native ones. Key words: birds, coevolution, fruits, introductions.

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

16

AMIDON, FRED, RICHARD J. CAMP, ANN P. MARSHALL, THANE K. PRATT, LAURA WILLIAMS, PAUL RADLEY i JUSTINE B. CRUZ. "Terrestrial bird population trends on Aguiguan (Goat Island), Mariana Islands". Bird Conservation International 24, nr 4 (2.04.2014): 505–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0959270914000021.

Pełny tekst źródła

Streszczenie:

SummaryThe island of Aguiguan is part of the Mariana archipelago and currently supports populations of four endemic species, including one endemic genus, Cleptornis. Bird population trends since 1982 were recently assessed on the neighbouring islands of Saipan, Tinian, and Rota indicating declines in some native species. Point-transect surveys were conducted in 2008 by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service to assess population densities and trends on Aguiguan. Densities for six of the nine native birds—White-throated Ground-dove Gallicolumba xanthonura, Collared Kingfisher Todiramphus chloris, Rufous Fantail Rhipidura rufifrons, Golden White-eye Cleptornis marchei, Bridled White-eye Zosterops conspicillatus and Micronesian Starling Aplonis opaca—and the non-native bird—Island Collared-dove Streptopelia bitorquata—were significantly greater in 2008 than in 1982. No differences in densities were detected among the surveys for Mariana Fruit-dove Ptilinopus roseicapilla, and Micronesian Myzomela Myzomela rubratra. Three federally and locally listed endangered birds—Nightingale Reed-warbler Acrocephalus luscinius, Mariana Swiftlet Collocalia bartschi, and Micronesian Megapode Megapodius laperous)—were either not detected during the point-transect counts, the surveys were not appropriate for the species, or the numbers of birds detected were too small to estimate densities. The factors behind the increasing trends for some species are unknown but may be related to increased forest cover on the island since 1982. With declining trends for some native species on neighbouring islands, the increasing and stable trends on Aguiguan is good news for forest bird populations in the region, as Aguiguan populations can help support conservation efforts on other islands in the archipelago.

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

17

Soares, Filipa C., Ana I. Leal, Jorge M. Palmeirim i Ricardo F. Lima. "Niche differences may reduce susceptibility to competition between native and non‐native birds in oceanic islands". Diversity and Distributions 27, nr 8 (19.05.2021): 1507–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ddi.13298.

Pełny tekst źródła

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

18

Mallick, Stephen, Matthew Pauza, Charles Eason, Nick Mooney, Robbie Gaffney i Stephen Harris. "Assessment of non-target risks from sodium fluoroacetate (1080), para-aminopropiophenone (PAPP) and sodium cyanide (NaCN) for fox-incursion response in Tasmania". Wildlife Research 43, nr 2 (2016): 140. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr15040.

Pełny tekst źródła

Streszczenie:

Context Access to effective toxicants and delivery systems that target red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) are likely to be required as part of a management strategy in the event of future red fox incursions into Tasmania. Potential toxicants include sodium fluoroacetate (1080), para-aminopropiophenone (PAPP) and sodium cyanide (NaCN). Aims To assess the risk of three toxicants (1080, PAPP and NaCN) to non-target native Tasmanian mammals and birds and domestic dogs and cats. Methods We identified native Tasmanian mammal and bird species that may potentially consume fox baits, by reviewing the ecological traits of native species and by monitoring 180 buried bait stations with video cameras. We also assess the potential risk to non-target species of dying from a single standard dose of each of the three toxicants. Key results Seven native mammal and 20 native bird species have the potential to consume fox bait. All vertebrates would be susceptible to a single dose of NaCN. Consumption of a single fox bait containing 3 mg 1080 may be lethal to five native mammals, three native birds, and the domestic cat (Felis catus) and dog (Canis familiaris). Consumption of a single fox bait containing 226 mg PAPP may be lethal to the spotted-tailed quoll (Dasyurus maculatus) and the domestic cat and dog. Delivery of toxicants via a mechanical ejector would reduce non-target exposure to toxicants. Conclusions It appears that PAPP would provide a useful alternative to 1080 for use in lethal fox control in Tasmania, either in the event of an incursion or in the eradication of an established population. NaCN is not suitable for broadscale use in Tasmania because of the high susceptibility of all vertebrates to this toxicant. Nevertheless, NaCN would be useful in highly restricted areas in the event of an incursion where carcass recovery is important. The use of a mechanical ejector to target delivery of toxicants to red foxes would reduce non-target risks. Implications Our results clarify theoretical non-target risks from any future fox-poisoning programs in Tasmania and highlight the need for further research on the susceptibility of native species to PAPP as a potential alternative to 1080.

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

19

Rodriguez-Cabal, Mariano A., Mark Williamson i Daniel Simberloff. "Overestimation of establishment success of non-native birds in Hawaii and Britain". Biological Invasions 15, nr 2 (13.07.2012): 249–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10530-012-0285-y.

Pełny tekst źródła

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

20

Michel, Nicole L., Thomas W. Sherry i Walter P. Carson. "The omnivorous collared peccary negates an insectivore-generated trophic cascade in Costa Rican wet tropical forest understorey". Journal of Tropical Ecology 30, nr 1 (11.11.2013): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266467413000709.

Pełny tekst źródła

Streszczenie:

Abstract:Insectivorous birds and bats often protect plants through density- and trait-mediated cascades, but the degree to which insectivores reduce herbivorous arthropods and leaf damage varies among systems. Top-down interaction strength may be influenced by the biotic and abiotic context, including the presence of vegetation-disturbing animals. We tested two hypotheses: (1) insectivorous birds and bats initiate trophic cascades in tropical rain-forest understorey; and (2) the native, omnivorous collared peccary (Pecari tajacu) negates these cascades via non-trophic effects. We studied the top-down effects of birds and bats on understorey plants in north-eastern Costa Rica using 60 netted exclosures within and outside existing peccary exclosures. Excluding birds and bats increased total arthropod densities by half, both with and without peccaries. Bird/bat exclosures increased Diptera density by 28% and leaf damage by 24% without peccaries, consistent with a trophic cascade. However, bird/bat exclosures decreased Diptera density by 32% and leaf damage by 34% with peccaries, a negation of the trophic cascade. Excluding peccaries increased leaf damage by 43% on plants without birds and bats. This is the first study, to our knowledge, to demonstrate that the non-trophic activity of an omnivorous ungulate can reverse a trophic cascade.

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

21

Vander Velder, Felipe. "Things that white men have in great quantity: Chickens and other exotic birds among Karitiana (Rondônia, Brazilian Amazon)". Etnografia. Praktyki, Teorie, Doświadczenia, nr 5 (30.12.2019): 13–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.26881/etno.2019.5.02.

Pełny tekst źródła

Streszczenie:

This article discusses the inclusion of domestic chicken (Gallus gallus domesticus, Linnaeus 1758) and other exotic bird species as part of the knowledge and practices related to birds (an ethnoornithology) among the Karitiana, a Tupi-Arikém-speaking indigenous people in the northern part of the state of Rondônia, in the southwestern Brazilian Amazon . Chickens are believed to have been introduced to the Amazon basin after contact with non-indigenous population, although this claim is controversial . They were initially associated with certain native birds . However, certain remarkable characteristics of these birds soon sparked reflection through which the species was gradually distinguished from the birds of the forest . These reflections influence how the Karitiana currently relate to chickens, which includes raising them in the villages, a practice encouraged by public policies related to food production, security, and sovereignty .

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

22

Hofmeister, Erik K., Robert J. Dusek i Christopher J. Brand. "Surveillance Potential of Non-Native Hawaiian Birds for Detection of West Nile Virus". American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 93, nr 4 (7.10.2015): 701–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.14-0590.

Pełny tekst źródła

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

23

Henuk, Yusuf L., i Darma Bakti. "Benefits of Promoting Native Chickens for Sustainable Rural Poultry Development in Indonesia". Talenta Conference Series: Agricultural and Natural Resources (ANR) 1, nr 1 (16.10.2018): 69–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.32734/anr.v1i1.98.

Pełny tekst źródła

Streszczenie:

There are many benefits of promoting of native chickens for rural poultry development in Indonesia. They are commonly raised in many areas of Indonesia and play a major role in food production, providing the main source of dietary animal protein for many people. They are often called “non-breed chickens"— (“or (“buras") to differentiate them from modern commercialized chicken breeds. There are at least 34 kinds of native chickens in Indonesia. Some of the more common native chickens, namely Ayunai, Balenggek, Banten, Bangkok, Burgo, Bekisar, Cemani, Ciparage, Gaok, Kampung, Kasintu, Kedu, Pelung, Lamba, Maleo, Merawang, Nagrak, Nunukan, Nusa Penida, Olagan, Sedayu, Sentul, Sumatera, Tolaki, Tukung, Wareng, Sabu, and Semau. Some of them are used for non-food purposes. Indonesia with its population is over 258.71 million people in 2016 has an annual level of protein consumption from poultry meat of 12.97 kg/capita/year and poultry eggs exceeded 190 eggs/capita/year. They accounted for about 10% of Indonesia‘s total meat consumption compared to broiler (55%), beef (19%), pork (8%), goat (7%), and others (1%) with its per capita meat consumption from livestock is still lower compared to many countries. There are three types of husbandry systems are used to raise native chickens in Indonesia. First, the extensive traditional system, farmers usually reared them ranged between 2 to 20 birds. Second, the semi-intensive with the bird numbers typically range from the least ownership of 25 birds to hundreds. Finally, there is professionally managed intensive system. The number of chickens reared is varies from hundreds to thousands.

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

24

Theodosopoulos, Angela N., Kathryn C. Grabenstein, Staffan Bensch i Scott A. Taylor. "A highly invasive malaria parasite has expanded its range to non-migratory birds in North America". Biology Letters 17, nr 9 (wrzesień 2021): 20210271. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2021.0271.

Pełny tekst źródła

Streszczenie:

Parasite range expansions are a direct consequence of globalization and are an increasing threat to biodiversity. Here, we report a recent range expansion of the SGS1 strain of a highly invasive parasite, Plasmodium relictum , to two non-migratory passerines in North America . Plasmodium relictum is considered one of the world's most invasive parasites and causes the disease avian malaria: this is the first reported case of SGS1 in wild non-migratory birds on the continent. Using a long-term database where researchers report avian malaria parasite infections, we summarized our current understanding of the geographical range of SGS1 and its known hosts. We also identified the most likely geographical region of this introduction event using the MSP1 allele. We hypothesize that this introduction resulted from movements of captive birds and subsequent spillover to native bird populations, via the presence of competent vectors and ecological fitting. Further work should be conducted to determine the extent to which SGS1 has spread following its introduction in North America.

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

25

Howe, Henry F. "Fruit-eating birds in experimental plantings in southern Mexico". Journal of Tropical Ecology 33, nr 1 (20.12.2016): 83–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266467416000596.

Pełny tekst źródła

Streszczenie:

Abstract:Maintenance of biodiversity in tropical agrarian landscapes is challenging in the face of anthropomorphic simplification of habitats. As part of an experiment testing influences of planting treatment on tree recruitment in southern Mexico, counts of bird species were made over 10 years in twenty-four 30 × 30-m fenced plots in over-grazed pasture. Plots were planted with native tree species or left as unplanted controls in 2006. Annual censuses of birds in the plots from 2007–2016 indicated statistically significant increases in the number of fruit-eating species and individuals as vegetation matured, but increases in non-frugivorous species and individuals over the decade were not significant. Among four species of planted animal-dispersed trees that bore fruit during this time,Cecropia obtusifoliaconsistently produced substantial crops after 2009. In 2015, all 53 planted or passively recruited female trees of mature size of this species bore fruit. The summed body masses of fruit-eating birds in each of 24 plots were significantly correlated with rank order of available fruit per plot. Differential use of habitat patches in an agrarian landscape suggested substantial value to frugivores, but less to non-frugivorous birds than expected.

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

26

Goldingay, Ross L., i Jane R. Stevens. "Use of artificial tree hollows by Australian birds and bats". Wildlife Research 36, nr 2 (2009): 81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr08064.

Pełny tekst źródła

Streszczenie:

Artificial tree hollows (nest or roost boxes) may be of considerable importance to the conservation and management of Australian hollow-using birds and microbats. This is suggested by recognition that the rate of collapse of hollow-bearing trees may exceed replacement in some landscapes. We review the published literature to synthesise current information on the use of artificial hollows by Australian birds and bats, and to provide guidance to future research and management. The use of artificial hollows has been documented in some detail for 15 native bird and eight microbat species. A range of hollow designs has been employed but there is a limited understanding of favoured designs. General designs (e.g. front-entry plywood boxes) have been used extensively by some species and should continue to be used until more effective designs are identified. Species tend to use artificial hollows that have entrance sizes just sufficient for their body size, and this should guide hollow design. Competitive interactions with a range of non-target species (native and non-native) may have a pronounced influence on artificial hollow use and must be considered in any management program involving artificial hollows. We highlight some design elements that may reduce interference by non-target species. Temperature inside artificial hollows may have a particular influence on their use by bats due to the role of microclimate in bat thermoregulation. Trials are needed to investigate this factor and to inform general approaches to positioning of artificial hollows. Several distinct management uses exist for artificial hollows, including assisting threatened species recovery, e.g. Kangaroo Island glossy black-cockatoo (Calyptorhynchus lathami halmaturinus) and orange-bellied parrot (Neophema chrysogaster). Artificial hollows offer an interim solution to hollow shortage but their full potential will only be realised when preferences for different designs are better understood. This will require a commitment to monitoring and should be conducted in an adaptive management context. Increased knowledge of the use of artificial hollows by Australian birds and bats should be of global relevance to the management of hollow-using species because it provides an independent test of ideas and strengthens any generalisations.

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

27

Strubbe, Diederik, Olivier Broennimann, François Chiron i Erik Matthysen. "Niche conservatism in non-native birds in Europe: niche unfilling rather than niche expansion". Global Ecology and Biogeography 22, nr 8 (19.02.2013): 962–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/geb.12050.

Pełny tekst źródła

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

28

Sullivan, Martin J. P., Richard G. Davies, Hannah L. Mossman i Aldina M. A. Franco. "An Anthropogenic Habitat Facilitates the Establishment of Non-Native Birds by Providing Underexploited Resources". PLOS ONE 10, nr 8 (14.08.2015): e0135833. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0135833.

Pełny tekst źródła

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

29

R. Fulton, Graham, i Jonathan D. Majer. "The effect of recent chaining on birds in the eastern wheatbelt of Western Australia". Pacific Conservation Biology 12, nr 3 (2006): 168. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc060168.

Pełny tekst źródła

Streszczenie:

The decline of woodland birds that follows from habitat fragmentation, degradation and loss of connectivity is well reported in the literature. However, reports of immediate responses by birds to these events are scant. This study, in the eastern whealtbelt of Western Australia, detected that when half of a 10 ha remnant of Allocasuarina shrubland was chained (vegetation knocked over and largely killed), birds responded quickly; increaser species apparently benefited and decliner species became restricted to the remaining unchained remnant of shrubland. There was some correspondence between the trends in variety and/or abundance of arthropods with those of bird species richness. Two Near-threatened species, the White-browed Babbler Pomatostomus supercilious and the Crested Bellbird Oreoica gutturalis, were only detected in the non-chained part of the remnant. These findings clearly highlight the immediate ecological consequences of clearing of native vegetation, and highlight the importance of conserving even the smallest remaining fragments.

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

30

Le Viol, Isabelle, Frédéric Jiguet, Lluis Brotons, Sergi Herrando, Åke Lindström, James W. Pearce-Higgins, Jiří Reif, Chris Van Turnhout i Vincent Devictor. "More and more generalists: two decades of changes in the European avifauna". Biology Letters 8, nr 5 (18.07.2012): 780–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2012.0496.

Pełny tekst źródła

Streszczenie:

Biotic homogenization (BH) is a process whereby some species (losers) are systematically replaced by others (winners). While this process has been related to the effects of anthropogenic activities, whether and how BH is occurring across regions and the role of native species as a driver of BH has hardly been investigated. Here, we examine the trend in the community specialization index (CSI) for 234 native species of breeding birds at 10 111 sites in six European countries from 1990 to 2008. Unlike many BH studies, CSI uses abundance information to estimate the balance between generalist and specialist species in local assemblages. We show that bird communities are more and more composed of native generalist species across regions, revealing a strong, ongoing BH process. Our result suggests a rapid and non-random change in community composition at a continental scale is occurring, most likely driven by anthropogenic activities.

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

31

Read, John, i Zoë Bowen. "Population dynamics, diet and aspects of the biology of feral cats and foxes in arid South Australia". Wildlife Research 28, nr 2 (2001): 195. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr99065.

Pełny tekst źródła

Streszczenie:

Average cat and fox densities at Roxby Downs, in northern South Australia, of 0.8 and 0.6 km–2 respectively, determined through spotlight counts over a 10-year period, probably considerably underestimate true densities. Peak rabbit populations coincided with high fox numbers, which probably suppressed cat densities. Cat abundance peaked when fox numbers were low but rabbit numbers were relatively high. When abundant, rabbits were the principal prey of both cats and foxes. Declines in rabbits numbers coincided with dramatic declines in fox numbers. By contrast, declines in cat populations were less marked, presumably because they could more effectively switch to hunting a wide range of native vertebrates. Sand-dwelling lizards, house mice and common small passerines were the most abundant non-rabbit, vertebrate prey taken by cats. We estimate that annual cat predation accounted for approximately 700 reptiles, 150 birds and 50 native mammals per square kilometre, whereas foxes consumed on average 290 reptiles per square kilometre and few native mammals and birds in the Roxby Downs region each year. Male cats and foxes were heavier than females. Feral cats typically weighed less than 4.0 kg, and cats weighing less than 2.5 kg typically preyed on more native vertebrates than did larger cats. Male and female cats were both typically tabby coloured, but a higher proportion of males were ginger in colour. Peak cat breeding coincided with rabbit and bird breeding and increased reptile activity during spring.

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

32

A. MacDonald, Michael, Robert J. Taylor i Steven G. Candy. "Bird assemblages in wildlife habitat strips in a Tasmanian plantation matrix". Pacific Conservation Biology 8, nr 2 (2002): 82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc020082.

Pełny tekst źródła

Streszczenie:

In Tasmania, a system of 100 m wide strips of native forest, referred to as wildlife habitat strips, is retained within production forest, including plantations. Thirty-nine points in 18 wildlife habitat strips within both eucalypt and pine plantations (which were not differentiated for the purposes of the present study) were paired with points in nearby extensive native forest and surveyed for birds. At non-riparian sites (upper slopes and ridges), bird species richness and total abundance were both significantly lower in habitat strips than in controls. This difference is quantitative rather than qualitative, as ordination did not distinguish strip sites and controls, and no species were obviously absent from habitat strips. Riparian zones showed no significant difference in species richness and total abundance between habitat strips and controls. Species richness and total abundance relative to controls increased as wildlife habitat strip length increased over the measured range (0.4-2.1 km). It is thought that this may be because birds perceive strips as linear forest patches rather than corridors, so that there may be a habitat area effect. Other strip characteristics such as width and plantation age were not significant in riparian areas, but may be important on upper slopes and ridges, and the former will affect strip area. Wildlife habitat strips appear to be a valuable component of a conservation programme for birds in production forests in Tasmania.

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

33

Kennedy, Patricia L., Sandra J. DeBano, Anne M. Bartuszevige i Andrea S. Lueders. "Effects of Native and Non-Native Grassland Plant Communities on Breeding Passerine Birds: Implications for Restoration of Northwest Bunchgrass Prairie". Restoration Ecology 17, nr 4 (lipiec 2009): 515–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1526-100x.2008.00402.x.

Pełny tekst źródła

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

34

McKinney, Michael L. "Correlated Non-native Species Richness of Birds, Mammals, Herptiles and Plants: Scale Effects of Area, Human Population and Native Plants". Biological Invasions 8, nr 3 (kwiecień 2006): 415–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10530-005-6418-9.

Pełny tekst źródła

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

35

Sperry, Jinelle H., Dylan O’Hearn, Donald R. Drake, Amy M. Hruska, Samuel B. Case, Jeferson Vizentin-Bugoni, Clint Arnett, Tim Chambers i Corey E. Tarwater. "Fruit and seed traits of native and invasive plant species in Hawai‘i: implications for seed dispersal by non-native birds". Biological Invasions 23, nr 6 (2.03.2021): 1819–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10530-021-02473-z.

Pełny tekst źródła

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

36

Battisti, Corrado, Michele Cento, Fulvio Fraticelli, Steven Hueting i Sergio Muratore. "Vertebrates in the “Palude di Torre Flavia” Special Protection Area (Lazio, central Italy): an updated checklist". Natural History Sciences 8, nr 1 (3.05.2021): 3–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/nhs.2021.509.

Pełny tekst źródła

Streszczenie:

Here we present the checklist of the vertebrates of the “Palude di Torre Flavia”, a protected area in Tyrrhenian central Italy (Special Protection Area according to the Directive 2009/147/EC). To draw up the checklist, we collated all the records found in the literature, in private collections, and in the Ornitho.it website database, as well as sporadic historical observations. We obtained evidence documented between 1981 and 2020 for 291 taxa of which 259 native, 26 allochthonous and 6 domesticated species in 5 classes: 5 actinopterygians (4 native species and 1 allochtonous), 2 amphibians, 20 reptiles (11 native species and 9 allochthonous; the last being all freshwater terrapins), 244 birds (including 14 non-native taxa and 6 domestic forms) and 20 mammals (including 2 allochthonous). Forty-three species are listed as of conservation concern on a national scale. The area has shown to be an important biodiversity hotspot, and a major stopover site for migrating birds. Further research should be focused on some still poorly investigated taxonomic groups, in particular: Actinopterygii, Amphibia Salamandridae, Carnivora Mustelidae, and Chiroptera.

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

37

Czarnecka, Joanna, Grzegorz Orłowski i Jerzy Karg. "Endozoochorous dispersal of alien and native plants by two palearctic avian frugivores with special emphasis on invasive giant goldenrod Solidago gigantea". Open Life Sciences 7, nr 5 (1.10.2012): 895–901. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/s11535-012-0081-9.

Pełny tekst źródła

Streszczenie:

AbstractThe role of frugivorous birds in dispersal of the seeds of fleshy-fruited plants is well understood, but other groups of birds like granivores and omnivores can also act as vectors, especially in the process of non-standard dispersal. In this study we examined the role of two widely distributed birds (the Eurasian Blackbird, Turdus merula, and the Black Redstart, Phoenicurus ochruros) in seed dispersal. We analyzed the content of 279 droppings of the Black Redstart collected between July and October and 85 droppings of the Eurasian Blackbird collected during January. In total we found 366 seeds, representing 11 plant taxa, in the faecal samples; 93% of the seeds belonged to fleshy-fruited species. The most numerous were two native taxa, Sambucus racemosa/nigra, in summer and autumn, Crataegus monogyna in winter, and one alien species Morus alba, which is dispersed in summer. We also found seeds of four dry-fruited species; the most interesting of which was the presence of anemochorous seeds of Solidago gigantea (a highly invasive alien species). The seeds were found only in droppings of the Eurasian Blackbird. Considering the obtained results the need for further studies on bird-plant interactions should be a priority.

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

38

MURPHY, ASIA J., ZACH J. FARRIS, SARAH KARPANTY, MARCELLA J. KELLY, KATHLEEN A. MILES, FÉLIX RATELOLAHY, RAYMOND P. RAHARINIAINA i CHRISTOPHER D. GOLDEN. "Using camera traps to examine distribution and occupancy trends of ground-dwelling rainforest birds in north-eastern Madagascar". Bird Conservation International 28, nr 4 (24.04.2017): 567–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0959270917000107.

Pełny tekst źródła

Streszczenie:

SummaryCamera trap surveys are a non-invasive way to monitor wildlife populations. Although most often used to study medium- and large-sized mammals, camera traps also detect non-target species. These detections provide useful ecological information on little-known species, but such data usually remain unanalysed. We used detections from camera-trapping surveys of native carnivores and small mammals to examine distribution patterns and occupancy trends of little-known ground-dwelling rainforest birds at seven sites across the Masoala-Makira protected area complex in north-eastern Madagascar. We obtained 4,083 detections of 28 bird species over 18,056 trap nights from 200 to 2013. We estimated occupancy across the Masoala-Makira protected area complex (hereafter, landscape occupancy) and annual trends in occupancy at three resurveyed sites for five commonly observed species. Landscape occupancy across Masoala-Makira ranged from 0.75 (SE 0.09; Madagascar Magpie-robinCopsychus albospecularis) to 0.25 (SE 0.06; Scaly Ground-rollerGeobiastes squamiger). Ground-dwelling forest bird occupancy was similar at forest sites that ranged from intact to fully degraded; however, three species were detected less often at sites with high feral cat trap success. Nearly half of all focal species showed declines in annual occupancy probability at one resurveyed site (S02) from 2008 to 2013. The declines in ground-dwelling bird occupancy could have community-wide consequences as birds provide ecosystem services such as seed dispersal and pest regulation. We suggest immediate conservation measures—such as feral cat removal—be implemented to protect ground-dwelling forest birds and other threatened taxa across this landscape.

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

39

Le Louarn, Marine, Philippe Clergeau, Diederik Strubbe i Magali Deschamps-Cottin. "Dynamic species distribution models reveal spatiotemporal habitat shifts in native range-expanding versus non-native invasive birds in an urban area". Journal of Avian Biology 49, nr 4 (kwiecień 2018): jav—01527. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jav.01527.

Pełny tekst źródła

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

40

Sokołowicz, Zofia, Magdalena Dykiel, Jadwiga Topczewska, Józefa Krawczyk i Anna Augustyńska-Prejsnar. "The Effect of the Type of Non-Caged Housing System, Genotype and Age on the Behaviour of Laying Hens". Animals 10, nr 12 (21.12.2020): 2450. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani10122450.

Pełny tekst źródła

Streszczenie:

This study investigated the welfare of laying hens in different non-caged housing systems, namely a deep-litter barn system (BS), a free-range system (FRS) and an organic system (OS). The study was conducted on 270 hens of a native breed Green-legged Partridge (Z-11) and 270 Hy-Line Brown hybrids. Visual scans were performed to record behaviour of hens. Hens were housed in groups of 30 and observed over the course of one day at 20, 36 and 56 weeks of age. Dustbathing, scratching, wing stretching, wing flapping and preening were recorded as comfort behaviours. Pecking, fighting, threatening and chasing were recorded as agonistic behaviours. The percentage of run use was higher in native hens than in commercial hens (p < 0.05). The proportion of hens exhibiting comfort behaviours housed in the FRS and OS was similar but over twice as high as in the BS (p < 0.05). In the FRS and OS, the percentage of hens displaying comfort behaviours increased with age (p < 0.05). In all the production systems, the percentage of birds displaying comfort behaviours was higher in native breed hens than in commercial breeds (p < 0.05). In the BS, the higher proportion of hens displaying an agonistic behaviour was seen more in commercial breed than in the native breed hens (p < 0.05). The percentage of birds displaying an agonistic behaviour declined with hen age, both in commercial and native breed hens.

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

41

Mikule, Vladimír. "Seasonal Dynamics and Winter Occurrence of Non-native Species – Mandarin Duck (Aix galericulata) in the Czech Republic". Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 68, nr 2 (2020): 323–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun202068020323.

Pełny tekst źródła

Streszczenie:

The study aims to evaluate changes in occurrence of the Mandarin Duck, Aix galericulata (Linnaeus, 1758) in the Czech Republic in 2008–2019 with focus on winter months (December, January and February) 2007/08–2018/19. Seasonal dynamics of occurrence was evaluated for years 2008–2019 by comparison of 3831 observations. The highest number of observations comes from winter period (36.7%), if we exclude data from South Moravian Region (with whole year occurrence), it is 48%. In winters 2007/08–2018/19 occurrence of 772 birds was detected, most of them with determined gender – 469 males (63.4%) and 271 females (36.6%). In winter periods 2007/08–2010/11 the occurrence was concentrated in the Central Bohemian Region (Vltava river). Since the winter 2011/12 the centre of occurrence was in the South Moravian Region which is related with a formation of stable breeding population in that region. Pattern of the highest number of observations in a winter period lasts but the highest numbers of observed birds are possibly of the Czech origin.

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

42

Font, W. F. "Parasites in paradise: patterns of helminth distribution in Hawaiian stream fishes". Journal of Helminthology 72, nr 4 (grudzień 1998): 307–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022149x00016655.

Pełny tekst źródła

Streszczenie:

AbstractOf the 13 species of helminths that parasitize stream fishes in Hawai'i, seven species are considered to be native to the archipelago and the remaining six species to be introduced by man. Sources of colonization for native species are piscivorous birds for three species, and marine fishes for four species. Non-native helminths have been brought to Hawai'i in association with the importation of parasitized exotic species of poeciliids introduced into streams for mosquito control and as aquarium releases. Many of these introduced parasites have broad host specificity and now infect the five species of native gobioid stream fishes. Exotic parasites, including a roundworm Camallanus cotti, a tapeworm Bothriocephalus acheilognathi and a leech Myzobdella lugubris, are more widely distributed among Hawaiian streams than are native species.

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

43

Mandel, Lauren, Emily McCoy i Toby Liss. "REFERENCE COMMUNITY: ADAPTING NATIVE PLANTS TO NORTH AMERICAN GREEN ROOFS". Journal of Green Building 11, nr 4 (wrzesień 2016): 15–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.3992/jgb.11.4.15.1.

Pełny tekst źródła

Streszczenie:

INTRODUCTION The North American design community typically regards green roofs as inhospitable environments for native plants due to the infrastructure's characteristic thin soils, low organic matter, temperature fluctuations, and wind exposure. Consequently, green roofs are often planted with an industry-standard palette of non-native Sedum and Phedimus species that are adept at withstanding stress, but lack biodiversity and visual interest, and offer little food or shelter to native birds and insects. Regionally specific reference plant communities that thrive in similarly harsh growing conditions can positively influence green roof design throughout North America, and consequently provide ecosystem services, contribute to habitat conservation, and increase human exposure to the beauty and benefits of native plants.

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

44

Martin-Albarracin, Valeria L., Martin A. Nuñez i Guillermo C. Amico. "Non-redundancy in seed dispersal and germination by native and introduced frugivorous birds: implications of invasive bird impact on native plant communities". Biodiversity and Conservation 27, nr 14 (26.09.2018): 3793–806. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10531-018-1629-4.

Pełny tekst źródła

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

45

Niemczynowicz, Agnieszka, Piotr Świętochowski, Marcin Brzeziński i Andrzej Zalewski. "Non-native predator control increases the nesting success of birds: American mink preying on wader nests". Biological Conservation 212 (sierpień 2017): 86–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2017.05.032.

Pełny tekst źródła

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

46

Rivas-Salvador, Javier, Martin Štrobl, Tomáš Kadlec, Pavel Saska i Jiří Reif. "A non-native woody plant compromises conservation benefits of mid-field woodlots for birds in farmland". Global Ecology and Conservation 26 (kwiecień 2021): e01458. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gecco.2021.e01458.

Pełny tekst źródła

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

47

Chaiseha, Yupaporn, Boonyarit Kamkrathok i Israel Rozenboim. "Ovarian steroids involvement in maternal care in the native Thai hen (Gallus domesticus)". Animal Biology 66, nr 1 (2016): 111–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15707563-00002491.

Pełny tekst źródła

Streszczenie:

Maternal care in birds generally includes incubation, brooding and rearing behavior. The neuroendocrine regulation of such maternal behavior is not fully understood for many bird species. The aim of this study was to elucidate whether changes in the circulating levels of ovarian steroids might be associated with brooding behavior in the female native Thai chicken. Changes in the levels of ovarian steroids of rearing hens were compared with those of non-rearing ones. Plasma estradiol, progesterone, and testosterone levels were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. The results revealed differences in circulating levels of ovarian steroids between hens rearing their chicks and those deprived of their young after hatching. The non-rearing hens had higher circulating estradiol, progesteron, and tertosterone levels than those of the rearing hens. These differences were significant during the first two weeks after hatching. The results of the present study demonstrate the inhibitory effect of brooding behavior on ovarian steroids in the native Thai chickens. Indeed, disruption of brooding behavior by removing the chicks from the hens increased circulating levels of ovarian steroids and reinitiated reproductive and egg laying activities.

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

48

Surtees, Chantal, Michael C. Calver i Peter R. Mawson. "Measuring the Welfare Impact of Soft-Catch Leg-Hold Trapping for Feral Cats on Non-Target By-Catch". Animals 9, nr 5 (5.05.2019): 217. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani9050217.

Pełny tekst źródła

Streszczenie:

To inform trapping protocols to reduce by-catch while trapping feral cats by-catch welfare costs should be quantified. During cat trapping programs at six Western Australian sites from 1997–2015, 431 non-target individuals, including 232 individuals from native species (132 mammals, 52 birds and 42 reptiles) were captured. Among the native fauna; birds were more likely to be severely injured (33%, compared to 12% in mammals and 21% in reptiles). Amongst other vertebrates, larger individuals were less likely to be injured. Olfactory lures used in these studies attracted reptiles, but repelled mammals. By-catch varied with climate and landscape. Trap injury to by-catch species poses ethical concerns, especially for threatened species that can least afford an additional threat. Future trapping should consider the timing of trapping, trap placement, trap settings (especially the treadle pressure needed to close the trap) and new innovations sending immediate capture alerts to minimise by-catch and potential injury associated with prolonged restraint. By-catch welfare data should be analysed to identify best practice and on-going improvement.

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

49

Grundy, James P. B., Aldina M. A. Franco i Martin J. P. Sullivan. "Testing multiple pathways for impacts of the non-native Black-headed WeaverPloceus melanocephaluson native birds in Iberia in the early phase of invasion". Ibis 156, nr 2 (17.03.2014): 355–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ibi.12144.

Pełny tekst źródła

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

50

Ottenwalder, José A., Robert W. Henderson, Albert Schwartz i Teresa A. Noeske-Hallin. "On the Diet of the Boa Epicrates striatus on Hispaniola, with Notes on E. fordi and E. gracilis". Amphibia-Reptilia 8, nr 3 (1987): 251–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853887x00298.

Pełny tekst źródła

Streszczenie:

AbstractThe stomach contents of 214 specimens of Hispaniolan Epicrates (Serpentes: Boidae) were examined for prey remains. The largest species, E. striatus, exhibits a sharp ontogenetic shift in diet: snakes < 60 cm SVL ate predominantly Anolis lizards; snakes 60-80 cm SVL took anoles and small rodents; and snakes > 80 cm SVL ate birds and rats (Rattus rattus). Epicrates fordi preyed on anoles and small rodents, and E. gracilis took only Anolis. E. striatus ate larger individuals of the same species of Anolis consumed by Hispaniolan colubrids. Before the arrival of Europeans on Hispaniola, large Epicrates striatus most likely preyed upon birds and now-extict rodents (Brotomys, Isolobodon and Plagiodontia) and insectivores (Nesophontes). The diet of E. striatus would have gradually shifted from native to introduced mammals, and by the early 20th century, when most native, non-volant mammals had become extinct on Hispaniola, the shift would have become nearly complete, with the exotics Mus musculus and Rattus rattus becoming the predominant prey species.

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

Artykuły w czasopismach na temat „Non-native birds”

Utwórz poprawne odniesienie w stylach APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard i wielu innych