Rozprawy doktorskie na temat „Non-invasive treatment”
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Kitshoff, Adriaan Mynhardt. "Comparative biomechanics of two non-invasive mandibular fracture repair techniques in dogs". Diss., University of Pretoria, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/30897.
Pełny tekst źródłaPérez, Trenard Diego Oswaldo. "Optimal control of non-invasive neuromodulation for the treatment of sleep apnea syndromes". Thesis, Rennes 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018REN1S014/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaSleep apnea syndrome (SAS) is a multifactorial disease characterized by recurrent episodes of breathing pauses or significant reductions in respiratory amplitude during sleep. These episodes may provoke acute cardiorespiratory responses along with alterations of the sleep structure, which may be deleterious in the long term. Several therapies have been proposed for the treatment of SAS, being continuous positive airway pressure the gold standard treatment. Despite its excellent results in symptomatic patients, there is a 15% initial refusal rate and long term adherence is difficult to achieve in minimally symptomatic patients. Therefore, the development of non-invasive SAS treatment methods, with improved acceptability, is of major importance. The objective of this PhD thesis is to propose new signal processing and control methods of non-invasive neuromodulation for the treatment of SAS. The hypothesis underlying this work is that bursts of kinesthetic stimulation delivered during the early phase of apneas or hypopneas may elicit a controlled startle response that can activate sub-cortical centers controlling upper airways muscles and the autonomic nervous system, stopping respiratory events without generating a cortical arousal. In this context, the first part of this manuscript is dedicated to the description of a novel real-time monitoring and therapeutic neuromodulation system, which functions as a multi-purpose device for SAS diagnosis and treatment through kinesthetic stimulation. This system has been developed in the framework of an ANR TecSan project led by our laboratory, with the participation of Sorin CRM SAS. The main contributions in this thesis are focused on the signal processing and control aspects of this system, as well as the electronics associated. Another contribution is related to the evaluation of these methods and devices through specific clinical protocols. In a second part, we propose a first optimal On/Off control method for delivering kinesthetic stimulation, using as control variable the output of a real-time respiratory event detector. A unique stimulation strategy where a constant stimulation amplitude is applied upon event detention was implemented in a first clinical protocol, dedicated to assessing the patient response to therapy. Results showed that 75% of the patients responded correctly to therapy, showing statistically significant reductions in respiratory event durations. Also, significant decreases in the SaO2 variability were also found when implementing a novel acute analysis method. Since we hypothesized that inappropriate patient selection could explain the observed lack of response in 25% of patients, we proposed a method to differentiate patients who could benefit from this therapy based on the estimation of complexity-based indexes of heart rate variability. Results of these analyses showed that the effectiveness of this therapy seems correlated to a functional autonomic nervous system. Finally, an improved closed-loop control method integrating concurrent, coupled proportional-derivative (PD) controllers in order to adaptively change the kinesthetic stimulation was proposed. It uses as control variables three physiological signals recorded in real-time: Nasal pressure, oxygen saturation and the electrocardiogram signal. A second clinical protocol with the main objective of validating the control algorithm for patient-specific adaptive kinesthetic stimulation was launched. Several improvements to the first version of the system were developed to allow the integration of the proposed controller. Preliminary results from the first phase of this study validated the proposed controller operation and showed that the controller was able to provide adaptive kinesthetic stimulation in function of the patient-specific responses. A second phase of this study implementing the proposed controller and the set of the selected control parameters from the first phase is currently ongoing
Higgins, Jennifer Ann. "The impact of chemoprevention on treatment regimens for non-muscle invasive bladder cancer". Thesis, University of Leicester, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/9527.
Pełny tekst źródłaO'Connell, Neil Edward. "Non-invasive brain stimulation as a novel approach to the treatment of chronic non-specific low back pain". Thesis, Brunel University, 2012. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/7237.
Pełny tekst źródłaPakdaman, Afsaneh. "Dental Student Management Of Non-Invasive Intervention For Dental Caries". Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/4961.
Pełny tekst źródłaWillson, Grant Neville. "Nocturnal non-invasive ventilation for the treatment of Cheyne-Stokes respiration in chronic heart failure". Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2004. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/27912.
Pełny tekst źródłaWang, Xusheng. "Ultrasonic Generator for Surgical Applications and Non-invasive Cancer Treatment by High Intensity Focused Ultrasound". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLS052/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaHigh intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) technology is now broadly used for cancer treatment, thanks to its non-invasive property. In a HIFU system, a phased array of ultrasonic transducers is utilized to generate a focused beam of ultrasound (1M~10MHz) into a small area of the cancer target within the body. Most HIFU systems are guided by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in nowadays. In this PhD study, a half-bridge class D power amplifier and an automatic impedance tuning system are proposed. Both the class D power amplifier and the auto-tuning system are compatible with MRI system. The proposed power amplifier is implemented by a printed circuit board (PCB) circuit with discrete components. According to the test results, it has a power efficiency of 82% designed for an output power of 3W at 1.25 MHz working frequency. The proposed automatic impedance tuning system has been designed in two versions: a PCB version and an integrated circuit (IC) version. Unlike the typical auto-impedance tuning networks, there is no need of microprogrammed control unit (MCU) or computer in the proposed design. Besides, without using bulky magnetic components, this auto-tuning system is completely compatible with MRI equipment. The PCB version was designed to verify the principle of the proposed automatic impedance tuning system, and it is also used to help the design of the integrated circuit. The PCB realization occupies a surface of 110cm². The test results confirmed the expected performance. The proposed auto-tuning system can perfectly cancel the imaginary impedance of the transducer, and it can also compensate the impedance drifting caused by unavoidable variations (temperature variation, technical dispersion, etc.). The IC design of the auto-tuning system is realized in a CMOS process (C35B4C3) provided by Austrian Micro Systems (AMS). The die area of the integrated circuit is only 0.42mm². This circuit design can provide a wide working frequency range while keeping a very low power consumption (137 mW). According to the simulation results, the power efficiency can be improved can up to 20% by using this auto-tuning circuit compared with that using the static tuning network
Pandey, Rakhi. "Development of a nanoparticulate formulation of docetaxel for the treatment of non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer". Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/50506.
Pełny tekst źródłaPharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of
Graduate
Berkius, Johan. "Intensive care in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease : treatment with non-invasive ventilation and long-term outcome". Doctoral thesis, Linköpings universitet, Avdelningen för kardiovaskulär medicin, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-100738.
Pełny tekst źródłaBour, Pierre. "Non-invasive treatment of cardiac arrhythmias by high-intensity focussed ultrasound guided by magnetic resonance imaging". Thesis, Bordeaux, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017BORD0731/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaHigh intensity focused ultrasound has the ability to deposit ultrasonic energy locally and non-invasively into biological tissues. It is possible to exploit the mechanical and/or thermal effects according to the ultrasonic parameters used. Guided by a Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) scanner, this technology is equipped with a planning modality and real-time monitoring of the procedure. As of now, applications of MRI-guided focused ultrasound are on fixed organs, including brain and bone or uterine fibroid. For the heart, the presence of cardiac and respiratory movements constitutes an important difficulty, both for the ultrasonic (ballistic) treatment and for the temperature monitoring under MRI (artefacts on images). In addition, the rib cage acts as a barrier for the propagation of ultrasounds. In this thesis work, a set of new technological development have been developed for ablation and non-invasive cardiac stimulation using focused MRI-guided ultrasound. A first study shows the technical feasibility of controlling heart rhythm by short ultrasound pulses targeted to the myocardium. The influence of the parameters of the pulses (duration, amplitude, emission time in the cardiac cycle) were studied quantitatively on isolated beating heart then in vivo on a preclinical model. For this, an original device was developed. A second study presents new rapid MRI methods for simultaneously mapping the temperature and local displacement induced by focused ultrasound. The method is validated on the liver on a preclinical model and demonstrates that it is possible to correlate the thermal dose obtained by MR-thermometry with a change in the mechanical properties of the treated tissues measured simultaneously. A third study consisted in developing a technique for measuring the position of the target in 3D real-time using some elements of the ultrasonic transmitter as receivers. This measure allows to dynamically correct the position of the ultrasonic focus to maximize energy deposition at the targeted point. In addition, we monitored in real-time the procedure using MR-thermometry at a rate of 10 images per second. Here again a preclinical validation is presented. This thesis work proposes important advances to remove the current locks of the technology allowing to envision noninvasive treatments of cardiac pathologies, all guided by MRI in real-time
Nord, Camilla Laxmi. "The role of dorsolateral prefrontal cortex dysfunction in depression and its treatment with non-invasive brain stimulation". Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2017. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/10038161/.
Pełny tekst źródłaAdamson, Samuel John. "Dark-rearing as a non-invasive treatment for Retinopathy of Prematurity: basic mechanisms and a pathway to translation". Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/17956.
Pełny tekst źródłaAbed, Afaf. "Genomic HLA and pre-treatment TCR repertoire as non-invasive biomarkers of clinical outcome to immunotherapy in advanced non-small cell lung cancer patients". Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2023. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/2671.
Pełny tekst źródłaShaw, Caroline Jayne. "Developing a non-invasive treatment for twin-twin transfusion syndrome using high intensity focused ultrasound in an animal model". Thesis, Imperial College London, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/57960.
Pełny tekst źródłaWardlaw, Joanna Marguerite. "Imaging and treatment of acute ischaemic stroke : the application and verification of non-invasive imaging techniques in the investigation and treatment of acute ischaemic stroke". Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/20860.
Pełny tekst źródłaShuang, Wu. "When oncology meets immunology: improving GL261 glioblastoma treatment through cancer-related immunity and MRSI-based non-invasive follow-up of response". Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/670857.
Pełny tekst źródłaLos Glioblastomas (GB) son tumores cerebrales invasivos, con mal pronóstico y respuesta pobre a la terapia. Esta tesis pretende mejorar el tratamiento del GB preclínico utilizando la inmunidad relacionada con el cáncer y el seguimiento no invasivo de la respuesta mediante Imagen Espectroscópica de Resonancia Magnética (IERM). El modelo de GB GL261 fue escogido por ser inmunocompetente y adecuado para estudios de terapia. Se investigaron tres estrategias terapéuticas: a) quimioterapia (Temozolamida, TMZ), en protocolo metronómico respetuoso con el sistema inmune (Immune-Enhancing Metronomic Schedule, IMS-TMZ), b) un inhibidor de punto de control inmunológico (Programmed cell death protein 1, anticuerpo anti-PD-1), y c) combinación de TMZ+anti-PD-1 en IMS. Diferentes tipos de daño celular desencadenados por la terapia estimulan la respuesta inmune anti-cáncer. Nuestro objetivo fue, por un lado, inducir daño celular inmunogénico, preservando las células del sistema inmune (IMS-TMZ). Por otro lado, contrarrestar la inmunosupresión en el tumor (anti-PD-1). El protocolo de IMS-TMZ ha mejorado la supervivencia de los ratones con GB GL261, sobrepasando resultados previos del grupo. La terapia con anti-PD-1 fue efectiva en doses elevadas (500/250 μg), aunque diferencias en el volumen tumoral al inicio de la inmunoterapia impactan en su eficacia. La terapia combinada anti-PD-1+TMZ en IMS ha resultado mejor que las terapias por separado. Estos resultados respaldan la participación del sistema inmune en la respuesta a la terapia en GB. Estudios de nuestro grupo con imágenes nosológicas basadas en IERM apuntan a que los cambios en el patrón metabolómico estarían relacionados con la acción del sistema inmune sobre los tumores, actuando como marcador subrogado de respuesta a la terapia. Nos hemos preguntado si los mismos cambios metabolómicos se apreciarían si este sistema fuese aplicado a estrategias de inmunoterapia. Se siguió con dicho sistema la evolución de ratones con tumores GL261 tratados con IMS-TMZ, IMS-anti-PD-1 e IMS-anti-PD-1/TMZ. El protocolo de IMS-TMZ produce oscilación de cambios en el patrón metabolómico, con una frecuencia de 6 días. Dicho comportamiento se ha confirmado en ratones tratados con inmunoterapia, sola o en combinación, sugiriendo que los cambios en el patrón metabolómico son comunes a distintas estrategias terapéuticas, siempre que haya estímulo y atracción del sistema inmune con ataque productivo a las células tumorales. Ello abre el camino para un uso traslacional del biomarcador basado en MRSI para terapia personalizada en pacientes de GB, incluyendo inmunoterapia, para la cual aún no se dispone de biomarcadores no invasivos fiables. La participación del sistema inmune también es respaldada por el porcentaje de animales curados observados en esta tesis (50-100% dependiendo de la terapia), los cuales presentaron memoria inmune contra subsecuentes intentos de generación del mismo tipo de tumor. La resistencia a TMZ es una de las causas del fracaso de la quimioterapia adyuvante en el tratamiento de GB. Hemos investigado el papel de la O6-methylguanine-DNA-methyltransferase (MGMT) y programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) en la quimioresistencia, utilizando western-blot, en tumores que escapan a la terapia IMS-TMZ después de presentar respuesta transitoria. La expresión de PD-L1 se triplica en esos tumores en comparación con controles, indicando que dichos niveles podrían ser relevantes en la resistencia a la TMZ in vivo, teniendo la terapia anti-PD-1 potencial para ‘rescatar’ tumores escapando de la terapia con TMZ. La combinación de oncología e inmunología guiará el camino para una mejorar tanto la eficacia de la terapia como los resultados obtenidos con pacientes de GB.
Glioblastomas (GB) are invasive brain tumours associated with poor prognosis and limited response to therapy. This thesis focused in improving preclinical GB treatment through cancer-related immunity and Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopic Imaging (MRSI)-based non-invasive response follow-up. The GL261 GB was chosen since it is an immunocompetent preclinical model suitable for studying therapies. Three therapeutic strategies have been tested: a) chemotherapy (Temozolomide, TMZ), administered in an Immune-Enhancing Metronomic Schedule (IMS-TMZ), b) immune checkpoint inhibitor (Programmed cell death protein 1, PD-1 antibody) and c) IMS-anti-PD-1/TMZ combination therapy. Anti-tumour immune responses can be stimulated by therapies targeting different aspects of cell damage. We aimed, on one hand, to induce immunogenic tumour cell damage while sparing replicating immune system cells (with IMS-TMZ). On the other hand, we wanted to counteract the immune suppression within the tumour (anti-PD-1 immunotherapy). IMS-TMZ significantly improved survival in GL261 GB-bearing mice in comparison with standard TMZ treatment, confirming and surpassing results reported by our group. Anti-PD-1 monotherapy was effective when applied at high dose (500/250 μg), although care should be taken since results suggest that differences in tumour volume at immunotherapy starting time can have great impact in its efficacy. As expected, the IMS-anti-PD-1/TMZ combination therapy showed a great beneficial effect, with much better therapeutic outcome than monotherapies administration. These results support the fact that the host immune system is clearly involved in GB response processes. Previous studies from our group with MRSI-based nosological images pointed that the metabolomic pattern changes could be linked to host immune system local effects onto tumours, acting as a surrogate biomarker of therapy response. Accordingly, we wondered whether the application of this non-invasive MRSI approach in evaluating immunotherapeutic strategies would reflect the same type of metabolomics changes. Thus, the evolution of GL261-tumor bearing mice treated with IMS-TMZ, IMS-anti-PD-1 and IMS-anti-PD-1/TMZ was evaluated using the same MRSI-based nosological images approach. Results confirmed that the IMS-TMZ protocol consistently produced the expected oscillatory changes in the MRSI metabolomics pattern, with a frequency of ca. 6 days. This oscillatory behaviour was also confirmed in mice treated with immunotherapy both in combination with TMZ and as monotherapy, hinting that the observed spectral pattern changes observed during therapy response are shared by different therapeutic strategies, provided the host immune system is elicited and is able to productively attack tumour cells. This opens the way for a translational use of the MRSI-based biomarker for patient-tailored GB therapy, including immunotherapy, for which reliable non-invasive biomarkers are still missing. The participation of immune system is also supported by the rate of cured animals observed in this thesis (range 50 - 100 % depending on the treatment), which also held long-term immune memory against tumour cell re-challenge. Resistance to TMZ treatment is one of the main reasons for the chemotherapy failure in adjuvant treatment of GB. We investigated the relevance of O6-methylguanine-DNA-methyltransferase (MGMT) and programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) content in chemoresistance, by western-blot (WB) analysis, with special focus on tumours escaping therapy after transient response. Result showed a 3-fold increase in PD-L1 expression in IMS-TMZ relapsing tumours in comparison with control tumours, indicating that PD-L1 can be involved in TMZ resistance for GL261 GB in vivo. Accordingly, anti-PD1 therapy may have potential to ‘rescue’ tumours escaping from TMZ therapy. Appropriate combination of oncology and immunology will pave the way for improving GB treatment and patient outcome.
Sandberg, Margareta. "Acupuncture - effects on muscle blood flow and aspects of treatment in the clinicla context". Doctoral thesis, Linköpings universitet, Rehabiliteringsmedicin, 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-10456.
Pełny tekst źródłaAkupunktur ingår som en del i traditionell kinesisk medicin (TCM) och har använts i över 2000 år för att lindra sjukdom och symptom. I Sverige blev akupunktur godkänd som smärtlindringsmetod inom Hälso- och Sjukvården 1984. Sedan nästan 10 år är akupunktur jämställd med övrig behandling i sjukvården vilket innebär, att akupunktur kan användas även för behandling av annat än smärta. Förutsättningen är emellertid, att det finns tillräckligt med vetenskapliga belägg, s.k. evidens, för detta. I de allra flesta fall saknas det idag. För att säkerställa att evidens föreligger krävs omfattande forskning om effekter av akupunktur. Syftet med de olika studierna i avhandlingen var att belysa och studera psykologiska och fysiologiska aspekter och effekter av akupunktur och nålstimulering. Effekt på blodflöde i hud och muskel undersöktes på friska personer och på patienter med kronisk muskelsmärta. Normalt krävs ett mindre kirurgiskt ingrepp för att mäta blodflöde i muskel, men i dessa studier användes en mätmetod, som enkelt och utan ingrepp (icke-invasivt) i normala fall används för att mäta blodflöde i huden, s.k. fotopletysmografi (PPG, eng.). Med hjälp av ny teknik användes PPG i dessa studier för att mäta även muskelblodflöde. En studie för utvärdering av den nya PPG-tekniken ingick också i avhandlingen. Utvärderingen av mätmetoden visade goda möjligheter att mäta muskelblodflöde icke-invasivt med hjälp av PPG. Hos friska personer blev effekten på blodflödet störst vid djup stimulering i muskeln och där den s.k. DeQi-känslan framkallades (som vid klassisk akupunktur). Hos patienter med fibromyalgi var nålstimulering i huden lika, eller t.o.m. mer, effektiv att öka muskelblodflödet i skuldran än den djupa nålstimuleringen. De olika mönstren av blodflödesökning mellan de friska personerna och patienterna kan bero på ett förändrat reaktionssätt i nervsystemet som svar på smärtsam stimulering. I två kliniska studier studerades den smärtlindrande effekten av manuell akupunktur vid fibromyalgi och effekten av elektroakupunktur på stress och klimakteriebesvär hos kvinnor i övergångsåldern. Akupunktur vid fibromyalgi visade sig ha bäst smärtlindrande effekt i nack-skulderområdet, medan effekten på de generella symptomen var kortvarig. Patienter som mådde och sov relativt bra erhöll bäst effekt. Efter en behandlingsserie, bestående av elektroakupunktur, minskade stress och klimakteriebesvär påtagligt hos kvinnorna i övergångsåldern, men inte mer än hos en grupp kvinnor, som fick en kontrollbehandling bestående av mycket ytligt placerade nålar i huden. Detta tyder på att en betydlig del av behandlingsresultatet utgjordes av ospecifika effekter eller, s.k. eller placeboeffekter.
Wagner, Timothy A. (Timothy Andrew) 1974. "Non invasive brain stimulation : modeling and experimental analysis of transcranial magnetic stimulations and transcranial DC stimulation as a modality for neuropathology treatment". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/34476.
Pełny tekst źródłaIncludes bibliographical references (p. 281-301).
This thesis will explore the use of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) and Transcranial DC Stimulation (tDCS) as modalities for neuropathology treatment by means of both experimental and modeling paradigms. The first and primary modality that will be analyzed is Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS). TMS is a technique that uses the principle of electromagnetic induction to focus induced currents in the brain and modulate cortical function. These currents can be of sufficient magnitude to depolarize neurons, and when these currents are applied repetitively (repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS)) they can modulate cortical excitability, decreasing or increasing it, depending on the parameters of stimulation. This thesis will explore important facets of the electromagnetic field distributions and fundamental electromagnetic interactions to lay the foundation for future development of a more complete neural model and improved stimulation techniques. First, TMS will be analyzed as a technique used in normal healthy subjects. Finite element modeling (FEM) studies will be explored for realistic healthy human head models with a particular focus placed on the TMS induced cortical currents and their dependency on coil position, normal tissue anatomy, and the electromagnetic tissue properties.
(cont.) This component of the thesis will also include experimental work focused on exploring the in-vivo tissue conductivity and permittivity values used in TMS studies and their impact on stimulation (including a detailed literature review). The next component of the thesis will explore the use of TMS in subjects suffering from various pathologies. The first pathological condition that will be analyzed is cortical stroke. FEM studies will be evaluated and compared to the healthy head models to assess how the cortical modifications brought on at an infarction site can alter the TMS induced current densities. We will also include a laboratory study that assesses the efficacy of TMS in stroke treatment, where repetitive TMS (rTMS) was applied to the unaffected hemisphere to decrease inter-hemispheric inhibition of the lesioned hemisphere and improve motor function in stroke patients. Next, the use of TMS in conditions of brain atrophy will be assessed through modeling analyses. This component will also include an evaluation of the clinical work in the field and ways in which the current density alterations caused by the atrophy have led to clinical misconceptions. Transcranial DC Stimulation (tDCS) will be the second modality analyzed through modeling and experimental work.
(cont.) In tDCS, the cerebral cortex is stimulated through a weak dc current in a non-invasive and painless manner and can modulate cortical excitability like TMS. We will define finite element head models of tDCS for both normal and pathologic cases and evaluate the use of tDCS in the clinic in a stroke treatment experiment (analogous to the one completed with TMS). Finally, we will assess and compare these forms of brain stimulation to other forms of neurological treatment and conclude with proposed future improvements to the field of non-invasive brain stimulation.
by Tim Wagner.
Ph.D.
Constantinescu, Anna Maria [Verfasser], Marco [Akademischer Betreuer] Durante i Christoph [Akademischer Betreuer] Bert. "Planning studies for a non-invasive treatment of atrial fibrillation with scanned ion beams / Anna Maria Constantinescu. Betreuer: Marco Durante ; Christoph Bert". Darmstadt : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Darmstadt, 2014. http://d-nb.info/111097938X/34.
Pełny tekst źródłaJallad, Samer. "Biomedical markers of response to intravesical BCG treatment in high-grade non-muscle invasive (PTA and PT1) transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder". Thesis, University of Brighton, 2015. https://research.brighton.ac.uk/en/studentTheses/9dab009b-4eaa-4f3a-a14c-a941f3948ccb.
Pełny tekst źródłaRøe, Kathrine. "In vivo Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy and Diffusion Weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging for Non-Invasive Monitoring of Treatment Response of Subcutaneous HT29 Xenografts in Mice". Thesis, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Department of Electronics and Telecommunications, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-9441.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis work investigates whether in vivo magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) and diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DW-MRI) can be used for non-invasive monitoring of treatment response in an experimental tumor model. Twenty-nine nude mice with colorectal adenocarcinoma HT29 xenografts on each flank were included into 2 separate experiments. In the first experiment control tumors were compared to tumors irradiated with 15 Gy at Day 2. MR baseline values were established at Day 1 followed by 4 post-treatment MR examinations. Mice were sacrificed for histological response evaluation and high-resolution ex vivo magic angle spinning (HR-MAS) MRS of tumor tissue samples for correlation with in vivo MR data. The second experiment included 3 groups recieving combined chemoradiation therapy; Control group, Capecitabine (359 mg/kg daily Day 1 - Day 5) group and Capecitabine (359 mg/kg daily Day 1 - Day 5) + Oxaliplatin (10 mg/kg at Day 2) group. All left-sided tumors were irradiated with 15 Gy at Day 2. Three repeated MR examinations were compared to the MR baseline values established at Day 1. After MR examinations the mice were sacrificed for histological response evaluation. The choice of chemoterapy was based on a clinical patient study currently running at Rikshospitalet-Radiumhospitalet HF, the LARC-RRP (Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer - Radiation Response Prediction) study. In Experiment 1, localized 1H MR spectra were acquired at short (35 ms) and long (144 ms) echo times (TEs) using a single-voxel technique. The metabolite choline is related to tumor growth. The choline peak area relative to the unsuppressed 35 ms TE water area in the same voxel, i.e. the normalized choline ratio, was assessed in all MRS examinations. For both TEs, the choline ratio increased after irradiation, followed by a decrease and a renewed increase 12 days after irradiation. In Experiment 1, statistically significant differences at the 0.1 level were observed between the choline ratios at Day 5 and Day 12 (p = 0.068) for short TE and between the ratios at Day 3 and Day 8 (p = 0.05) for long TE. The change in choline ratio was in accordance with the tumor necrotic fraction (NF) found in histological analyses. Principal component analysis (PCA) revealed a correlation between the score values of ex vivo HR-MAS MR spectra and necrosis. This suggests a correlation between ex vivo and in vivo MRS. In both experiments, the diffusion in the HT29 xenografts varied during treatment. There was a correlation between the amount of necrosis in tumor and the calculated apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) obtained from DW-MRI examinations. In Experiment 1, statistically significant differences at the 0.1 level were observed between the ADCs at Day 3 and Day 5 (p = 0.05), between Day 5 and Day 12 (p = 0.068), and between Day 8 and Day 12 (p = 0.068). The HT29 xenografts responded to treatment with an initial increase of necrosis due to the short-term effect of treatment, stimulating development of fibrosis. In accordance to the change in choline and ADC, the level of necrosis increased 8 - 12 days after start of treatment, which might correspond to the long-term effect of treatment. The findings in this work shows that in vivo MRS and DW-MRI can be used for non-invasive monitoring of treatment response in an experimental tumor model. This suggests that in vivo MRS and DW-MRI could yield important information about a tumors response to therapy.
Schlosshan, Dominik. "The evaluation of the effect of two non-pharmacological treatment modalities - non-invasive ventilation and biventricular pacing - on indices of cardiac function and exercise capacity in patients with chronic heart failure". Thesis, University of Leeds, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.445949.
Pełny tekst źródłaNeal, II Robert Evans. "Irreversible Electroporation Therapy for the Treatment of Spontaneous Tumors in Cancer Patients". Diss., Virginia Tech, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/51741.
Pełny tekst źródłaPh. D.
Harika, Germaneau Ghina. "Trouble obsessionnel compulsif résistant : Influence des facteurs cliniques et génétiques dans la réponse thérapeutique et prise en charge par les techniques de neurostimulation non invasives". Thesis, Poitiers, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020POIT1401.
Pełny tekst źródłaObsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) is a common psychiatric condition whose chronicity and severity are a real public health problem. Its pharmacological treatment is based on an empirical prescription of serotonergic antidepressants, the efficacy of which is uncertain since 40 to 60% of patients partially respond to this treatment and may develop adverse effects. Prospective data available in the literature on the neurobiological, clinical and therapeutic specification of resistant patients are limited. This has led us to conduct four clinical studies and one meta-analysis. The objective was to clinically and genetically characterize patients with resistant OCD and to propose a specific and personalized management to these patients by different non-invasive neuro-modulation techniques.The first study consisted of identifying clinical and genetic factors predictive of response to escitalopram after 12 weeks of treatment in 69 patients with OCD. We have identified a clinical link between the dimensional aspect of OCD and response. At the end of this study, 70% of patients showed a partial symptoms improvement. For these resistant patients, we proposed three non-invasive neurostimulation techniques and chose as a target the supplementary motor area (SMA) based on its functional impact associated with its hyperexcitability in OCD and its location. In a second study, we tested the efficacy of low-frequency, repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) over the SMA in a double-blind, randomized, controlled clinical trial. The negative results of this approach led us to carry out a meta-analysis to specifically evaluate the value of rTMS in patients with resistant OCD. The data from this meta-analysis support active rTMS. We then tested a new paradigm: continues Theta Burst stimulation over the SMA. This third double-blind, randomized controlled trial did not show efficacy in the management of resistant OCD. Finally, in a fouth trial, we tested the efficacy of direct transcranial current stimulation with the cathode over the SMA and the anode over the right orbitofrontal cortex. The results of this pilot study are encouraging but need to be confirmed.The results of this work were compared with data from the literature in order to guide future research on the determination of clinical (mainly through the dimensional aspect) and genetic predictive factors of response. We also propose methodological and neurophysiological alternatives in the use of non-invasive neurostimulation techniques in order to improve their use, particularly in resistant patients
COSOLI, GLORIA. "Study and development of a novel radio frequency electromedical device for the treatment of peri-implantitis: experimental performance analysis, modelling of the electromagnetic interaction with tissues and in vitro and in vivo evaluation". Doctoral thesis, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11566/245278.
Pełny tekst źródłaPeri-implantitis is a severe disease affecting hard and soft peri-implant tissues. At present, prevention is the only means to contrast it. Recently, a therapy based on the administration of radio frequency electric current was experimented (success rate: 81%). The treatment was numerically simulated, providing the electric current (EC) and field (EF) distributions in peri-implant tissues: the anti-inflammatory effect can be associated to EC, the bone regeneration to the EF. Bioimpedance measurements (BM) were investigated to detect inflammation; changes in the measured impedance modulus are equal to 4-20% (depending on different parameters) from numerical results, also more evident experimentally (35% inflammation, 56% peri-implantitis). So, BM could allow to detect the tissue to be treated. To evaluate the repeatability, natural tooth roots were numerically and experimentally measured; the order of magnitude is the same (some kΩ), even if there are differences probably due to the measurement conditions. Intra-subject variability was of 10% in the same day, but up to 26% in different days; inter-subject variability was higher. The electrical safety was accurately taken into account. The applicable directives were individuated (IEC 60601-1, 60601-1-2 and 60601-2-2). In vitro tests were carried out to evaluate the effect of the therapy on cell vitality: there is not a significant increase in necrosis (vitality: 85% tests, 94% controls), the main negative effect is apoptosis. Possible thermal effects were numerically investigated: no dangerous tissue heating was observed. A new device for the peri-implantitis treatment, PeriCare®, was designed, with diagnostic (BM) and therapeutic parts. Proper electrodes are being designed and the prototype is being realized. The technical file is being compiled and the conformity verification tests are being planned towards the certification process. Hopefully, the medical device will be placed into the market within this year.
Hamamatsu, Keita. "Establishment of non-invasive quantification of pancreatic beta cell mass in mice using SPECT/CT imaging with ¹¹¹In-labeled exendin-4 and its application to evaluation of diabetes treatment effects on pancreatic beta cell mass". Kyoto University, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/253199.
Pełny tekst źródłaSanchez, Marine. "Développement d’un transducteur torique extracorporel et du principe de focalisation multi-torique en vue du traitement des adénocarcinomes mammaires par ultrasons focalisés de haute intensité". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lyon, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LYSE1243.
Pełny tekst źródłaHigh Intensity Focused Ultrasound (HIFU) is a technique commonly used in the medical field for the treatment of solid tumors. This therapeutic strategy allows for the localized destruction of biological tissue by temperature elevation. This manuscript describes the design and utilization of a therapeutic system and a novel, patented focalization technique for non-invasive treatment of mammary adenocarcinomas. In a first instance, an existing device that has been previously used for intraoperative treatment of hepatic metastases, and one that is currently undergoing clinical trials, was used. An ex vivo study on human mammary samples demonstrated the possibility of applying pressures on deep tissue layers in a non-invasive manner. Based on this study, the development of a new focalization modality was developed to provide larger treated volumes while yielding treatment times under a minute and eliminating the need for mechanical steering of the device. This new modality provided treated volumes 30% larger than those produced by the existing device with no changes to treatment time. Given the limitations of the existing device, in addition to the need of integrating the new focalization strategy, a new device was designed and specifically fabricated to meet the demands for treating mammary adenocarcinomas. The natural focalization of this novel transducer allows for depositing pressure deep in tissue. When the new focalization modality is used, a larger pressure field produces increased treated volumes. The performance provided by the novel probe was first characterized through modeling studies. These results were then validated through preliminary in vitro studies on hepatic tissues as well as in ex vivo studies on human mammary tissue samples. This work represents the first stage of development of a HIFU treatment for mammary adenocarcinomas using a novel, non-invasive and image-guided HIFU device that can be used manually
Pesce, Paola. "Non Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: non invasive markers of severity and new experimental treatments". Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Padova, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3422225.
Pełny tekst źródłaKepplinger, Jessica, Kristian Barlinn, Stanislava Kolieskova, Reza Bavarsad Shahripour, Lars-Peder Pallesen, Wiebke Schrempf, Xina Grählert i in. "Reversal of the neurological deficit in acute stroke with the signal of efficacy trial of auto-BPAP to limit damage from suspected sleep apnea (Reverse-STEAL): study protocol for a randomized controlled trial". Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2014. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-127301.
Pełny tekst źródłaKepplinger, Jessica, Kristian Barlinn, Stanislava Kolieskova, Reza Bavarsad Shahripour, Lars-Peder Pallesen, Wiebke Schrempf, Xina Grählert i in. "Reversal of the neurological deficit in acute stroke with the signal of efficacy trial of auto-BPAP to limit damage from suspected sleep apnea (Reverse-STEAL): study protocol for a randomized controlled trial". BioMed Central, 2013. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A27295.
Pełny tekst źródłaCosette, Jérémie. "Design and optimization of small animal non-invasive imaging approaches for evaluating the effects of innovative treatments of Primary Central Nervous System Lymphomas". Thesis, Paris 5, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA05T069/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaPrimary central nervous system lymphomas (PCNSL) are very aggressive malignancies with poor survival rate even with treatments (survival median is 44 months). This disease affects immune cells (lymphocytes) and forms diffuse and non-surgically removable tumor in the central nervous system. High-dose chemotherapy and radiotherapy are the common treatments with severe side effects. New therapeutic approaches are required for increasing treatment efficiency. We focused on primary intraocular lymphomas (PIOL) and primary cerebral lymphomas (PCL), which are subtypes of PCNSL. PIOL and PCL cells have a high propensity to migrate and form metastases in the brain and in the controlateral eye in the case of PIOL, and in the eye in the PCL case. However, metastatic dissemation mechanisms remain unclear. The objective of the present work was to study the effects of innovative treatments of B-cell lymphoma on primary tumor, on metastases, and on circulating tumor cells in PIOL and PCL immunocompetent syngeneic murine models of lymphomas using non-invasive in vivo imaging methods. We studied the effects of Ublituximab, a glycoengineered anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody (mAb), and CpG-ODN, a TLR-9 agonist, in mouse models. We showed that Ublituximab exhibits significant anti-tumor effect in PIOL and PCL, while CpG showed significant anti-tumor effect in PCL. We monitored the tumor burden and metastases using innovating non-invasive optical imaging or cell detection methods: bioluminescence imaging (BLI) and in vivo flow cytometer (IVFC). BLI was used to locate metastasis and to quantify tumor burden. We indeed developed a bioluminescence-based tumor burden quantification method that reduces user-dependence, allows comparisons between experiments, reveals statistical relevance, and which is easy to use. An IVFC device was set up to investigate the role of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in PIOL and PCL. This fluorescence-based technique allows detection of CTCs by analyzing the cells flowing in blood vessels. However we had to overcome the problem of autofluorescence and tissue absorption. Two approaches were studied in parallel: a elaborating new cell line expressing far red fluorescent proteins, modulating the excitation light of an IVFC device to give the cell a unique signature therefore enhancing sensitivity, increasing signal to noise ratio. The modulated excitation IVFC allowed us to calculate the velocity of cells, and infer their position in blood vessel phantoms. The analysis of treatment effects on tumor burden, metastases and CTCs in PIOL and PCL could help understanding lymphoma metastatic dissemination and contribute to treatment follow-up, thus allowing design of new therapeutic approaches with increased efficacy
Bailly, Sébastien. "Utilisation des antifongiques chez le patient non neutropénique en réanimation". Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015GREAS013/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaCandida species are among the main pathogens isolated from patients in intensive care units (ICUs) and are responsible for a serious systemic infection: invasive candidiasis. A late and unreliable diagnosis of invasive candidiasis aggravates the patient's status and increases the risk of short-term death. The current guidelines recommend an early treatment of patients with high risks of invasive candidiasis, even in absence of documented fungal infection. However, increased antifungal drug consumption is correlated with increased costs and the emergence of drug resistance whereas there is yet no consensus about the benefits of the probabilistic antifungal treatment.The present work used modern statistical methods on longitudinal observational data. It investigated the impact of systemic antifungal treatment (SAT) on the distribution of the four Candida species most frequently isolated from ICU patients', their susceptibilities to SATs, the diagnosis of candidemia, and the prognosis of ICU patients. The use of autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) models for time series confirmed the negative impact of SAT use on the susceptibilities of the four Candida species and on their relative distribution over a ten-year period. Hierarchical models for repeated measures showed that SAT has a negative impact on the diagnosis of candidemia: it decreases the rate of positive blood cultures and increases the time to positivity of these cultures. Finally, the use of causal inference models showed that early SAT has no impact on non-neutropenic, non-transplanted patient prognosis and that SAT de-escalation within 5 days after its initiation in critically ill patients is safe and does not influence the prognosis
Freitas, Diogo Gonçalo Silva. "Non-invasive treatment modalities for Vaginal Intraepithelial Neoplasia (VaIN)". Master's thesis, 2020. https://hdl.handle.net/10216/128852.
Pełny tekst źródłaLaser and Vaginal Brachytherapy showed a maximum 93% and 100% Cure Rate (CR), respectively, with a significant Persistence Rate (PR) up to 100% and 0-59% Recurrence Rate (RR). Laser has few complications and is indicated for sexually active women. Brachytherapy, due to toxicity, should be reserved for high-grade and refractory lesions. Imiquimod and 5-Flouorouracil revealed a 25-82% CR, 26-75% PR, 6-94% RR and are indicated in multifocal lesions. Expectant management has 44-60% CR with PR and RR up to 50%. In contrast to low-grade lesions, high-grade lesions require treatment which should be selected depending on its characteristics and the patient's.
Freitas, Diogo Gonçalo Silva. "Non-invasive treatment modalities for Vaginal Intraepithelial Neoplasia (VaIN)". Dissertação, 2020. https://hdl.handle.net/10216/128852.
Pełny tekst źródłaLaser and Vaginal Brachytherapy showed a maximum 93% and 100% Cure Rate (CR), respectively, with a significant Persistence Rate (PR) up to 100% and 0-59% Recurrence Rate (RR). Laser has few complications and is indicated for sexually active women. Brachytherapy, due to toxicity, should be reserved for high-grade and refractory lesions. Imiquimod and 5-Flouorouracil revealed a 25-82% CR, 26-75% PR, 6-94% RR and are indicated in multifocal lesions. Expectant management has 44-60% CR with PR and RR up to 50%. In contrast to low-grade lesions, high-grade lesions require treatment which should be selected depending on its characteristics and the patient's.
Animashaun, Aisha. "Generative Soundscapes for Enhanced Engagement in Non-Invasive Neurorehabilitation Treatment". Master's thesis, 2021. https://hdl.handle.net/10216/135692.
Pełny tekst źródłaAnimashaun, Aisha. "Generative Soundscapes for Enhanced Engagement in Non-Invasive Neurorehabilitation Treatment". Dissertação, 2021. https://hdl.handle.net/10216/135692.
Pełny tekst źródłaTooley, Katie Louise. "Detection of small intestinal mucositis utilising the non-invasive ¹³C-sucrose breath test". 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/57426.
Pełny tekst źródłaMucositis is a common side-effect of chemotherapy, which is characterised by ulceration to the epithelium lining of the gastrointestinal tract. Recently, a non-invasive breath test, the ¹³C-sucrose breath test (SBT), has been developed and applied as a biomarker to detect small intestinal damage associated with methotexate (MTX)-induced mucositis in rats. This thesis extended this work, and concluded that the non-invasive SBT is a biomarker of small intestinal function that can be applied easily and cost-effectively, in both animals and humans, to monitor gut function in relation to chemotherapy agents and/or potential anti-mucositis treatments. This thesis has illustrated the important application of the SBT in the arena of supportive cancer care, where new chemotherapy and anti-mucositis agents can be assessed in relation to small intestinal toxicity.
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Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Adelaide, School of Molecular and Biomedical Science, 2007
Constantinescu, Anna Maria. "Planning studies for a non-invasive treatment of atrial fibrillation with scanned ion beams". Phd thesis, 2014. http://tuprints.ulb.tu-darmstadt.de/4217/1/main.pdf.
Pełny tekst źródłaRoopchand, Adelle Kemlall. "A systematic review of the non-invasive therapeutic modalities in the treatment of myofascial pain and dysfunction". Thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10321/1264.
Pełny tekst źródłaBackground: Myofascial Pain and Dysfunction (MPD) is a diagnosis commonly encountered by practitioners, hence, there are several treatment approaches employed by various practicing physicians. Practitioners are required to perform evidence-based protocols on patients; however, such intervention becomes increasingly difficult with the increasing volume of evidence available with regards to treatment of MPD. A systematic review provides a well-structured, critical analysis of the available protocols, and as such, provides practitioners with an evidence-based summary of the available modalities and the effectiveness of these modalities. Thus, the aim of the study was to systematically review and evaluate the literature to determine the effects of various non-invasive modalities on MPD. Objectives: Studies investigating various non-invasive modalities were identified, evaluated against the inclusion criteria and then reviewed against PEDro criteria to present current available evidence regarding their effectiveness as a source of treatment for MPD. Methods: A literature search was conducted, based on key terms including: active and latent myofascial trigger points, manual therapy, manipulation, acupressure, massage, muscle stretching, ultrasound, transcutaneous electric nerve stimulation, electric stimulation therapy, magnetic field therapy, and exercise therapy. Databases searched were: PubMed, EBSCOhost, Medline, CINAL, Proquest, Health Source, Sport Discus, Science Direct, Springer Link, Google Scholar and Summons. The articles were screened according to inclusion and exclusion criteria, after which a secondary hand and reference searches were performed. Thereafter, the articles were reviewed by four independent reviewers and the researcher. The PEDro Scale was used to determine methodological rigor of the included studies. The results were then analysed and ranked. Results: Following the screening process during data collection for this study, a total of 25 studies were identified and included. The review and ranking of these studies revealed a moderate level of evidence present for the effectiveness of Topical Agents. A limited level of evidence was noted for TENS, Ischemic Compression, Ultrasound, Laser and Other Modalities. Approximately 25% of the reviewed studies involved combination therapies; hence their outcomes cannot be applied to the effectiveness of individual modalities. Conclusion: Upon comparison of the quality of evidence available for the various types of modalities present for the treatment of MPD, it was noted that Topical Agents were supported by a stronger level of evidence than TENS, Ischeamic Compression, Ultrasound, Laser and Other Modalities. However, due to a lack of strong overall evidence for any of these modalities it has been concluded that more research is required to establish which modality is in fact the most effective.
"External counterpulsation (ECP): a new, non-invasive method to enhance cerebral blood flow and its application in ischemic stroke". Thesis, 2007. http://library.cuhk.edu.hk/record=b6074448.
Pełny tekst źródłaThesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2007.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 182-204).
Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web.
Abstracts in English and Chinese.
Pesquita, Ana Luísa 1982. "Emotion response patterns to transient stimuli in migraineurs and non-migraineurs : modulation of affective states as a step towards non-invasive treatment of migraine". Master's thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10451/2562.
Pełny tekst źródłaEsta dissertação foi desenvolvida no contexto do estudo científico da emoção, e foca a modulação de estados afectivos através de estímulos perceptuais. O progresso deste trabalho foi guiado por dois objectivos principais: primeiro, o desenvolvimento do sistema Affective Multimodal Data Base (AMDB), uma ferramenta para indução de estados afectivos; e segundo, a realização de um estudo empírico, utilizando o AMDB, com o objectivo de examinar a modulação de padrões de respostas afectivas em pessoas que sofrem de enxaqueca com aura. O sistema AMDB é uma plataforma de software para a geração de estímulos afectivos através da combinação de sons, imagens estáticas e vídeos a ser utilizados em contextos de indução de estados afectivos. Contribuições deste mestrado para o desenvolvimento do AMDB incluem a adição de um interface gráfico para o utilizador, a implementação de apresentação de estímulos e gravação de respostas fisiológicas de forma sincronizada, melhoramentos na implementação modular do sistema, e por fim, a realização de um primeiro caso de teste do AMDB. A decisão de focar o estudo empírico, desenvolvido dentro do âmbito deste trabalho, na patologia da enxaqueca foi motivada pelo facto desta ser muito difundida e apresentar relações claras com os mecanismos de emoção. Os resultados deste estudo sugerem um perfil afectivo específico às pessoas que sofrem de enxaqueca com aura caracterizado por susceptibilidade intensificada a estímulos desagradáveis, potenciação de estados afectivos negativos em situações de repetida exposição a estímulos neutros ou desagradáveis, e disposição aumentada para a interrupção de estados afectivos positivos na presença de estímulos ambientais de cariz emocional neutro ou desagradável. Este estudo espera contribuir para a compreensão dos padrões de respostas afectivas específicos na patologia da enxaqueca, servindo como ponto de partida para o design de abordagens terapêuticas baseadas na modulação de estados afectivos.
This thesis was developed in the context of the scientific study of emotion, and focuses on the modulation of affective states through perceptual stimuli. Two goals were pursued during the course of this master project. Firstly, the development of the Affective Multimodal Data Base (AMDB) system, a tool for multimodal emotion induction, and secondly, to conduct an empirical study, using the AMDB, that aimed at probing the modulation of affective response patterns in migraineurs. The AMDB system is a software platform for generating affective stimuli by combining sounds, pictures and videos, available in normalized affective stimuli libraries, into multimodal stimuli sequences to be used in emotion induction scenarios. Contributions of this master project to the development of the AMDB system include the addition of a graphical-user-interface, implementation of synchronized stimuli presentation and physiology response recording, improvement in the modular implementation of the system, and finally, realization of the first test-case of the AMDB system. It was decided to focus the empirical study on migraine, because it is a widespread pathology that presents a clear link with emotion mechanisms. The empirical study aimed at investigating dynamic patterns of affective responsiveness and modulation in migraineurs with aura. The findings from this study suggest an affective profile specific to migraineurs with aura characterized by an enhanced impact of unpleasant stimuli, potentiation of negative affective states when repeatedly exposed to non-pleasant stimuli, and high susceptibility to disrupt positive affective states in the presence of unpleasant and neutral environmental stimuli. This study hopes to contribute to the understanding of affective response patterns specific to migraine, and to provide insights for the design of therapy approaches to migraine based on emotion modulation, that could in the future help migraine sufferers ease the disease burden through the use of accessible media technologies.
Mazumder, Dibbyan. "Non-invasive Elastic Property Recovery of Tissue and Tissue-Like Objects from Ultrasound Excited Resonant Modes". Thesis, 2017. http://etd.iisc.ac.in/handle/2005/4217.
Pełny tekst źródłaAlves, Rita Dias Cabrita. "Fully non-invasive pressure drop measurements and post treatment prediction in congenital heart diseases via cardiac magnetic resonance and computer flow dynamics". Master's thesis, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10451/31815.
Pełny tekst źródłaDe acordo com os dados de 2017 da Organização Mundial da Saúde, as doenças cardiovasculares são a principal causa de morte a nível mundial. Se estes tipos de doenças não forem diagnosticadas e tratadas atempadamente, podem levar a insuficiências cardíacas ou outras complicações irreversíveis. As duas doenças cardiovasculares congénitas estudadas neste trabalho são a coarctação aórtica (CoA), caracterizada por uma estenose, habitualmente, na zona do arco da artéria aorta, e a doença da válvula aórtica (AvD), uma malformação ao nível da válvula aórtica. Estas doenças são responsáveis por cerca de 50,000 intervenções por ano. Deste modo, a melhoria métodos de diagnóstico e de intervenção adequados e eficientes é uma prioridade e pode levar ao decréscimo no número das intervenções, bem como reduzir a morbilidade e a mortalidade. A área de imagiologia médica de diagnóstico tem tido uma evolução significativa ao longo dos anos e é de extrema importância nas tentativas de substituição de métodos de diagnóstico invasivos. As imagens médicas são adquiridas e posteriormente processadas e analisadas, com recurso a programas adequados. Atualmente, é possível obter os valores de gradientes de pressão relativa a partir de Ecocardiografia Doppler e Ressonância Magnética. Contudo, os gradientes de pressão medidos no cateterismo cardíaco, o método gold standard para o diagnóstico de CoA e AvD, são gradientes de pressão absoluta. Nesta dissertação desenvolveu-se um método de diagnóstico de CoA e AvD, a partir dos mapas de pressão relativa no estreitamento da aorta e na válvula aórtica, respectivamente. O método matemático desenvolvido tem por base as equações de Poisson, resolvida com a condição de fronteira de Neumann utilizando os métodos de elementos finitos, e a de Navier Stokes para a conservação do momento. O método desenvolvido também tem em conta a informação proveniente da função de Windkessel da artéria aorta, uma artéria distensível. Esta função dá-nos o comportamento da propagação do pulso de pressão com uma velocidade de pulso de propagação. Deste modo, é observado um desfasamento temporal entre as curvas de fluxo da pressão e da velocidade, entre as duas regiões de interesse escolhidas. Deste modo, o método, denominado de Time-shift Corrected Pressure Maps (TCPM, sigla em inglês), permite obter os mapas de pressão absoluta, isto é, mapas de pressão que têm em conta o intervalo de tempo entre os picos de pressão na aorta descendente e ascendente, no caso do primeiro estudo, e antes e depois da válvula aórtica, no caso do segundo estudo. Os pacientes de ambos os estudos tinham indicação clínica para cateterismo cardíaco e foram submetidos a ressonância magnética cardiovascular de contraste de fase em tempo real (4D PC MRI, em inglês), para recolher as imagens ao nível da aorta e da válvula aórtica e os respectivos campos de velocidade da corrente sanguínea. O primeiro estudo tem como objetivo a aplicação do método TCPM a 27 pacientes de CoA (n=16 masculinos, n=11 femininos, faixa etária de 4 a 52 anos, idade média de 20±15 anos). Após aquisição das imagens, estas foram processadas usando programas específicos. Em primeiro lugar foi necessário segmentar a aorta, seguiu-se a seleção das regiões de interesse e, finalmente, a obtenção dos campos de velocidade e dos mapas de pressão relativa entre as duas regiões de interesse selecionadas. Após aplicação do método TCPM, foram aplicados testes estatísticos (correlação, teste t e Bland-Altman) para comparar os valores obtidos a partir de TCPM com os valores obtidos no cateterismo cardíaco. Após processamento das imagens dos 27 pacientes, 6 pacientes foram retirados do estudo. N=3 pacientes foram retirados porque a percentagem de fluxo que passa pelo estreitamento é insuficiente para calcular o gradiente de pressão a partir de TCPM e N=3 pacientes foram retirados porque a aorta não estava inserida por completo no FOV. As medições obtidas a partir de TPCM e cateterismo cardíaco têm uma correlação linear significante (R²=0,90; p<0,001). A partir dos gráficos Bland-Altman é possível verificar uma boa concordância entre as medições de ambos os métodos, com bias de -2,69 mmHg e os limites de concordância de ±4,74 mmHg. O teste de equivalência mostrou uma relação significante entre os métodos (p=0,007). O segundo estudo tem como objetivo a aplicação do método TPCM e o método da Área de Gorlin a 4 pacientes de AvD (n=4 masculinos, faixa etária 17 a 36 anos, idade média 27±7 anos). O método da Área de Gorlin permite obter o gradiente de pressão absoluta a partir da área geométrica da válvula e do fluxo total que passa nessa área. Após a aquisição das imagens, foi feito o processamento das mesmas. Numa primeira fase, as imagens foram segmentadas na região da válvula aórtica. Depois, as imagens segmentadas foram analisadas em dois programas distintos. O primeiro foi utilizado de forma a obter os campos de velocidade e os mapas de pressão relativa entre dois pontos antes e depois da válvula aórtica. O segundo permitiu definir a região da válvula como região de interesse e exportar os valores de velocidade, área, pressão relativa e fluxo absoluto nessa região. Os resultados mostram uma correlação linear significativa entre os valores de cateterismo cardíaco e de TCPM (R²=0,99; p<0,001). Os gráficos de Bland-Altman mostram uma boa concordância entre os valores de TCPM (24,75±22,50 mmHg) e de cateterismo (20,88±19,51 mmHg), com um bias de -3,87 mmHg e limites de concordância de ±3,64 mmHg. Os resultados também sugeriram uma ligeira subestimação dos valores do cateterismo cardíaco a partir do método da Área de Gorlin (14,47±13,00 mmHg), com um bias de 6,41 mmHg e limites de concordância de ±7,15 mmHg. Este estudo foi feito com uma amostra diminuta de 4 pacientes, o que não é suficiente para retirar conclusões com significância. Contudo, foi uma primeira abordagem positiva, que mostra a potencialidade que este método pode vir a apresentar. O método TCPM proposto neste projeto permite a medição não invasiva de gradientes de pressão absoluta a partir de mapas de pressão relativa em pacientes de CoA e AvD. Vários aspectos têm que ser tidos em conta de forma a garantir a eficácia deste método. Por exemplo, as regiões de interesse escolhidas têm que se cuidadosamente selecionadas de forma a serem perpendicular à direção do fluxo naquele local. Só desta maneira é possível obter o fluxo, os campos de velocidade e as pressões relativas corretas. Também, se o raio da estenose for menor que 2 voxéis, a relação sinal-ruído aumenta substancialmente, e a resolução especial da aquisição é insuficiente. Contudo, a aplicação do método TPCM a casos de grande estreitamento não é necessária visto que estes casos já são tipicamente identificados em imagens anatómicas de ressonância magnética e que o paciente segue automaticamente para intervenção quando a área do estreitamente representa cerca de 50% do valor de área típico da aorta. O método não invasivo TCPM apresenta uma boa concordância com o cateterismo cardíaco em termos da medição dos gradientes de pressão em CoA e AvD. Os bias e os limites de concordância entre cateterismo e TCPM foram substancialmente mais pequenos que os bias e os limites de concordância entre cateterismo e ecocardiografia Doppler e entre o cateterismo e o método da Área de Gorlin. Com os resultados apresentados já é possível ver o potencial desta técnica no processo de diagnóstico e decisão de intervenção em casos de CoA e AvD. Contudo, estudos com populações maiores será extremamente benéfico para validar clinicamente este método.
This dissertation aims to validate MRI-based time-shift corrected pressure mapping (TCPM) against cardiac catheterization in CoA and AvD patients. Also, in AvD patients, catheterization will be compared against Gorlin Area method. This project is divided in two independent studies: the first one for CoA patients and the second one for AvD patients, all with clinical indication for cardiac catheterization. In both CoA and AvD, clinical guidelines recommend treatment in the presence of a relevant pressure gradient. While reliable non-invasive measurement approaches would be crucial, the accuracy of currently available methods has been limited. In both studies, 4D PC-MRI was performed to compute relative pressure maps via Pressure-Poisson equation. To consider the patient-specific peak pressure time-shift from the ascending to the descending aorta and before and after the aortic valve, relative pressure gradient maps were corrected by the inertial term. Comparison between TCPM and invasive peak-to-peak measurements was performed using correlation, Bland-Altman plots and mean-equivalence t-test. In the first study, with a cohort of 21 patients with CoA, TCPM and catheter measurements showed significant linear correlation (R²=0.90; p<0.001). Bland-Altman plots demonstrated good agreement between TCPM and catheter derived pressure gradients with mean differences of -2.69 mmHg and 95% limits of agreement between -6.38 and 1.00 mmHg between methods. The mean-equivalence test was significant (p=0.007). In the second study, with a cohort of 4 patients with AvD, the catheterization measurements were compared against TPCM measurements. The results showed significant linear correlation (R²=0.99; p<0.001). Bland Altman plots showed a good agreement between TCPM (24.75±22.50 mmHg) and catheter derived peak-to-peak pressure gradients (20.88±19.51 mmHg), and suggested slight underestimation of the pressure gradients by the Gorlin Area method (14.47±13.00 mmHg). Non-invasive TCPM showed equivalence to pressure gradients from invasive heart catheterization in patients with CoA and AvD. However, in the AvD study, they were obtained for a very small cohort of patients and do not have sufficient statistical significance to validate the method for AvD patients.
liao, Yuan-li, i 廖苑利. "The Study of Consumer Behavior After Non-surgical, minimally invasive Cosmetic Treatments-A Study of Customers Receiving Cosmetic Treatments". Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/91911023595697852897.
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企業管理碩士專班
97
Medical aesthetic treatments have been sought-after increasingly in the past few years due to both the aging of baby boomers and the improved economic status. Among all the medical aesthetic treatments, non-surgical , minimally invasive cosmetic treatments become more and more popular for its advantages of low risk, low down-time and natural looks after treatment immediately. In this study, the author is trying to analyze factors influencing customers’ revisiting intention after receiving non-surgical cosmetic procedures. Four factors influencing customers’ revisiting intention are proposed, including independent factors such as customers’ satisfaction, doctor characteristics, recovery service and one moderating factor of value-added activities. Using regression analysis, we found that revisiting intentions was significantly related to satisfaction ;doctors’ characteristics and service recovery were positively related to satisfaction. However, in medical aesthetics, value-added activities don’t have positively moderating effect to relationship between satisfaction and revisiting intention. Keywords:medical aesthetic treatments, non-surgical cosmetic procedures, consumer behavior, customer satisfaction, customers’ defection, physician choice, customer loyalty