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Schönberger, Paul Christopher Johannes. "The history management of the East-Elbian nobility after 1945". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2017. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/267828.
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This thesis undertakes a critical analysis of the history management of the East-Elbian nobility. Its central hypothesis is that noble families throughout the second half of the twentieth century deliberately sought to steer and control the public commemoration of their caste. These efforts were a concerted assault on widely held views about the place of the nobility in recent history, and specifically, about their culpability in the disasters that brought about war, defeat and moral shame to Germany. The first phase of noble history management concerned an expressed ‘resistance against Hitler’ alignment and self-distancing from the regime. The second phase of history management strategically employed autobiographical and family chronicles to construct an image of a modest and industrious elite, deeply rooted in the ancient traditions and virtues of an apolitical East-Elbian estate society. This dissertation argues that the process of history management continued after German reunification in 1989-1990, when many former refugee families returned to their old estates in East Elbia.
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Zmora, Hillay. "The German nobility and the feud : Franconia, c. 1440-1550". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1994. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/272483.
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Payne, Daniel. "Social music in London, Upper Canada/Canada West, establishing a "sort of colonial nobility"". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape15/PQDD_0008/MQ30669.pdf.
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MERTENS, Arnout. "Nobles into Belgians : the Brabant pedigreed nobility between the ancient régime and the nation-state, 1750-1850". Doctoral thesis, European University Institute, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/6999.
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Defence date: 17 May 2007Examining Board: Prof. Heinz-Gerhard Haupt, (European University Institute) ; Prof. Anthony Molho, (European University Institute) ; Prof. Jan Roegiers, (Katholieke Universiteit Leuven) ; Prof. Hamish M. Scott, (University of St Andrews)
PDF of thesis uploaded from the Library digital archive of EUI PhD theses
This thesis contains several lines of research conducted during my four years at the European University Institute. It consists of three chapters that are all in the area of applied macroeconomics, but are built on distinct ideas.
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Price, Munro. "The Court Nobility and the Origins of the French Revolution". Cambridge University Press, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/2884.
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NoThis original volume seeks to get behind the surface of political events and to identify the forces which shaped politics and culture from 1680 to 1840 in Germany, France and Great Britain. The contributors, all leading specialists in the field, explore critically how 'culture', defined in the widest sense, was exploited during the 'long eighteenth century' to buttress authority in all its forms and how politics infused culture. Individual essays explore topics ranging from the military culture of Central Europe through the political culture of Germany, France and Great Britain, music, court intrigue and diplomatic practice, religious conflict and political ideas, the role of the Enlightenment, to the very new dispensations which prevailed during and after the French Revolution and the Napoleonic watershed. The book will be essential reading for all scholars of eighteenth-century European history.
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Stansfield, Michael Miles Nicholas. "The Holland family, Dukes of Exeter, Earls of Kent and Huntingdon, 1352-1475". Thesis, University of Oxford, 1987. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:ff873c44-1488-4918-8ccd-586a7ff94caf.
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At the turn of the fourteenth century, the Hollands were a knightly family of no great import in Lancashire. In 1475, Henry Holland died as the Lancastrian claimant to the throne. Such a transformation, in itself, deserves explanation. This will reveal the dramatic rise of a family through the beneficence of noble and then royal patronage and, even more so, through the fortune of a good marriage being compounded by a conbination of fortuitous heirless deaths and a significant remarriage to bring an inheritance and royal kinship. That was the means of ascension through the ranks of the nobility, and it was sustained by consistent service to the crown at court and in the field. The Hollands were not a family of local power who built on this to thrust themselves into the nobility; their local basis almost verged on the nomadic and it is within the context of the court that they must be viewed, they were curialist nobility. Therefore, the absence of family and estate papers is not such a blow to their study as the records of central administration have much to reveal of their activities and their estates were not of such concern to them as they were for other families. This chronological survey of their rise, significance and disappearance provides something of a commentary on the political, and military, events of later medieval England. It helps further to fill in our picture of England's nobility, confirming its great individuality and providing an example of how a rapid rise through its ranks was possible.
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Ellis-Marino, Elizabeth Meta, i Elizabeth Meta Ellis-Marino. "Politics, Nobility and Religion in an Ecclesiastical State: Baronial Families in Paderborn 1568 - 1661". Diss., The University of Arizona, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/594910.
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This dissertation examines the fortunes of two families of the territorial nobility in Paderborn, the barons (Freiherren) of Büren, and the baronets (Adelherren) of Fürstenberg. In doing so, it provides a paradigm for understanding the history of the territory over the course of the period 1550–1650. In contrast to their contemporaries in southern Germany, the nobles of Westphalia, the area of Germany in which Paderborn is located, are relatively under-studied. My research indicates that this area, with its myriad small territories and relative power vacuum, was also a microcosm for the political developments of the Holy Roman Empire. In studying these families, the culture of politics in the early modern Empire is illuminated. This dissertation is arranged thematically, where each chapter uses an incident in this territory to discuss a broad theme. My first chapter discusses the development of a significant party of Protestant nobles in Paderborn, and discusses the creation and reinforcement of noble identity. Particular attention is paid to the cultures of noble friendships and patronage. The political usefulness of the feud is also discussed. The second chapter examines a case of two conversions. Elisabeth von Büren, a recently-widowed Calvinist noblewoman, converted from Protestantism to Catholicism because of her increasingly difficult social and political situation. In contrast, her son Moritz experienced an internal conversion that led him to join the Jesuit order, an act that in time resulted in the extinction of this family. This chapter discusses not only the motivations for each conversion, but also the political uses of these converts, and their conversion narratives. The third chapter follows the political fortunes of two brothers, Kaspar and Dietrich von Fürstenberg. Due to his vocal alliance to the Catholic faction in Paderborn, Dietrich, who was a priest, was able to become an imperial prince. His brother, Kaspar, who was the head of the family, not only benefited from this rise in status, but also had to change his sexual practices in response to his family's increased notoriety. This chapter discusses the effects of the Counter-Reformation in Paderborn in both the public and private spheres. The fourth chapter discusses the descendant of these two men, Ferdinand von Fürstenberg. Thanks to his connections and the political realities in Westphalia after the Thirty Years' War, Ferdinand was able not only to become the prince-bishop of Paderborn, but also to enact administrative reform in the rural parishes and employ irenicism, a proto-secularist philosophy, as an aspect of his foreign policy. Ferdinand's patronage networks are analyzed in the context of post 1648 elite intellectual and cultural life. The last two chapters concentrate on the physical legacy of the two Fürstenberg bishops previously discussed. The fifth chapter discusses the "Reformation of the Landscape" enacted through the building programs of these two bishops. Through the building and decoration of monumental structures, the two bishops helped to impose a Catholic order on the countryside, and erase the signs of the previous, defeated Protestant faction. The final chapter discusses the funerary monuments of the family from which these two bishops came. Although they are scattered throughout the region, the funerary monuments of this family form a coherent propagandistic message, intended to promote their majesty, nobility and Catholicism.
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Tedder, Melody. "Patronage Piety and Capitulation: The Nobilitys Response to Religious Reform in England". Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2011. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/1301.
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The Tudor Reformation period represents an era fraught with religious and political controversy. It is my goal to present the crucial role the nobility played in the success of the Henrician Reformation as well as to provide a reasonable explanation for the nobility's reaction to religious and political reform. I will also seek to quantify the significance of the nobility as a social group and prove the importance of their reaction to the success of the Henrician Reformation. The nobles because of patronage, self-interest, piety, apathy, fear, or practicality were motivated to support the king's efforts. Their response was the key to the success or failure of the Henrician Reformation. Although Henry VIII started the process of reform, the Henrician Reformation would never have been successful without the enforcement, collaboration, and backing of the nobility.
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Retzbach, Shannon A. "From Señor Natural to Siervo de Dios: The Transition of Nahua Nobility Under Spanish Rule, 1540-1600". W&M ScholarWorks, 2014. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539626770.
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Murray, Alan V. "Monarchy and nobility in the Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem, 1099-113: establishment and origins". Thesis, University of St Andrews, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/2641.
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The starting-point of this thesis is the question of the origin of the nobility in the Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem up to 1131. This is discussed in parallel with the question of the origins of the monarchy itself and that of relations between the two institutions. Chapter 1 discusses the European origins of the monarchy which derived from two distinct dynastic traditions, the House of Ardennes-Verdun whose power had declined in the later eleventh century and was extinguished on the eve of the crusade, and the House of Boulogne which was in an ascendant. Chapter 2 examines Godfrey of Bouillon's crusading army between 1096 and 1099. Originally almost exclusively Lotharingian in composition, the army absorbed numerous elements from other contingents in the course of the march. The minority who remained in Outremer after 1099 were of diverse origin and had developed strong ties to the Ardennes-Boulogne family. Chapter 3 re-assesses the generally accepted nature of the state established in Palestine by the First Crusade, arguing that this was a secular monarchy headed by a princeps whose authority derived from God. Chapter 4 deals with the origins of the nobility and is an analysis of prosopographical material presented in the Appendix, while Chapter 5 is a chronologically-based analysis of relations between monarchy and nobility. The nobility comprised four main groups: Lotharingians and Germans; Normans; Flemings, and Picards; and men from the Ile-de-France and the surrounding areas. The last group increased in numbers and influence after the accession of a new dynasty in the person of Baldwin II. Resentment against his policies, and a growing factionalism based on dynastic loyalties and geographical origins enabled sections of the nobilty to threaten the monarchy in this and the next reign.
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Lippiatt, Gregory Edward Martin. "Simon V of Montfort : the exercise and aims of independent baronial power at home and on crusade, 1195-1218". Thesis, University of Oxford, 2015. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:a07c0df0-232a-48e0-95a3-5d5b2780e042.
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Historians of political development in the High Middle Ages often focus on the late twelfth and early thirteenth centuries as the generations in which monarchy finally triumphed over aristocracy to create a monopoly on governing institutions in western Europe. However, it was precisely in this period that Simon of Montfort emerged from his modest forest lordship in France to conquer a principality stretching from the Pyrenees to the Rhône. A remarkable ascendancy in any period, it is perhaps especially so in its contrast with the accepted historiographical narrative. Nonetheless, Simon has been largely overlooked on his own terms, especially by English historiography. Despite the numerous works over the course of the twentieth and twenty-first centuries devoted to the Albigensian Crusade, only a handful of biographies of Simon have been published, none of which are in English. Furthermore, those French works dedicated to his life have been little more than narrative retellings of the Albigensian Crusade from Simon's perspective, with an introductory chapter or two about his family background, participation in the Fourth Crusade, and life in France. French domination of the historiography has also prevented any deep exploration of Simon's English connexions, chiefly his inheritance of the earldom of Leicester in 1206. The substantial inquest regulating this inheritance awaits publication by David Crouch, but at least forty other acts from Simon's life remain unedited, despite increased interest in the Albigensian Crusade and several having been catalogued for over a century. Though one of the aims of this thesis is to correct the lack of Anglophone attention paid to this seminal figure of the early thirteenth century, a biographical study of Simon has consequences beyond the man himself. The inheritance of his claims to the Midi by the French Crown after his death means that his documents survive in a volume uncharacteristic of a baron of his station. The dedicated narrative history of his career provided by Peter of Vaux-de-Cernay's Hystoria albigensis is likewise the most intimate prose portrait of a comital figure available from the period. Thus Simon's life is perhaps the best recorded of his contemporary peers, offering a rare insight into the priorities and means of a baron's administration of his lands and leadership of a crusade. Moreover, despite the supposed triumph of monarchy during his lifetime, Simon's meteoric career took place largely outside of royal auspices and sought crowned approval for its gains only after the fact. Simon's experience was certainly exceptional, both in itself and in the volume of its narrative and documentary records, but it nevertheless provides a challenge to an uncomplicated or teleological understanding of contemporary politics as effectively national affairs directed by kings. Rather than spend his life in the train of one particular king, as did his contemporaries William the Marshal or William of Barres, Simon's career, in its various geographical manifestations, saw him in the lordship of three different Crowns: France, England, and Aragon. Though his relations with the first of these were almost entirely amicable - if not always harmonious - he was more often in open conflict with the latter two. As a crusader, Simon was also subject to a fourth lord, the pope, for the major events of his career. But even while executing papal mandates, Simon at times came into conflict with the distant will of Rome. However, none of these lords successfully prevented Simon's ascendancy. Angevin and Barcan influence in the Midi was drastically handicapped by the Albigensian Crusade, in the latter case, definitively. And while popes may have disagreed with some particulars of Simon's prosecution of the crusade, he remained their best hope for curbing the threat of heresy. One reason for Simon's success in the face of opposition was his ability to exploit the margins of monarchical authority, retreating from his obligations of fidelity to lord in favour of another, thus presenting himself as a legitimate actor while interfering with the designs of a nominal superior. Such independence, however, required alternative bases for his own power that could not be found in the largely rhetorical refuge offered by a distant overlord. In the absence of support from above, Simon worked to cultivate relationships with his social peers and the lesser French nobility. Notably, however, outside of his immediate family, adherence to his cause more often came from his socially inferior neighbours and those with common spiritual devotions than from his wider kinship network. His extended family, of roughly equivalent social standing to himself, were more interested in following the French king in his campaigns to consolidate royal power than investing deeply in Simon's crusade. However, those with similar ideological concerns or dependent on his success saw in Simon a charismatic and effective leader worthy of their allegiance. For Simon himself, the crusade was animated by the programme of reform advocated by the Cistercians and certain Parisian theologians. His context was permeated by the reformers, especially in his close connexions with the abbey of Vaux-de-Cernay. Concerns about just war, the liberation of the Holy Land, ecclesiastical liberty, sexual morality, and the purgation of heresy espoused by Cistercians and schoolmen were reflected in Simon's career. He was more than a simple cipher for ecclesiastical priorities: his campaigns and government were ambiguous in their attitude toward mercenaries and complicit in the problem of usury. Nevertheless, Simon's crusades to both Syria and the Midi demonstrated a remarkable dedication to building a Christian republic according to the vision of the reformers. But Simon was not always a crusader, and the majority of his career - though not the majority of its records - took place in his ancestral lands in France. Though his time in the shadow of Paris does not offer the same salient examples of baronial independence as his conquest of the Midi, it does provide a crucial glimpse at the ordinary exercise of aristocratic government on a more intimate scale. His forest lordship furnished lessons of administration that would prove relevant to his rule in the Midi, such as the diplomatic projection of authority, the value of seigneurial continuity, the economic benefit of thriving towns, the necessity of an intensively participating chivalric following, and the advantage of wide ecclesiastical patronage. Similarly, Simon's brief seisin and subsequent disseisin of the honor of Leicester demonstrated the fragility of his power when many of these elements were lacking. In addition to abstract lessons of governance, his northern lands also provided the financial backing necessary for at least the initial phases of his crusading career. Thus Simon's lordship in France and England, though not nearly as autonomous as in the Midi, is far from irrelevant to his later manifestations of independence: it rather informs his later government and even made it possible.
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Thomas, Daniel. "Family, ambition and service : the French nobility and the emergence of the standing army, c. 1598-1635". Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/1914.
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This thesis will contend that a permanent body of military force under royal command, a ‘standing army’, arose during the first three decades of the seventeenth century in France. Such a development constituted a transformation in the nature of the monarchy’s armed forces. It was achieved by encouraging elements of the French nobility to become long-term office-holders within royal military institutions. Those members of the nobility who joined the standing army were not coerced into doing so by the crown, but joined the new body of force because it provided them with a means of achieving one of the fundamental ambitions of the French nobility: social advancement for their family. The first four chapters of this thesis thus look at how the standing army emerged via the entrenchment of a system of permanent infantry regiments within France. They look at how certain families, particularly from the lower and middling nobility, attempted to monopolise offices within the regiments due to the social benefits they conferred. Some of the consequences that arose from the army becoming an institution in which ‘careers’ could be pursued, such as promotion and venality, will be examined, as will how elements of the the nobility were vital to the expansion of the standing army beyond its initial core of units. Chapters Five and Six will investigate how the emergence of this new type of force affected the most powerful noblemen of the realm, the grands. In particular, it will focus on those grands who held the prestigious supra-regimental military offices of Constable and Colonel General of the Infantry. The thesis concludes that the emergence of the standing army helped to alter considerably the relationship between the monarchy and the nobility by the end of the period in question. A more monarchy-centred army and state had begun to emerge in France by the late 1620s; a polity which might be dubbed the early ‘absolute monarchy’. However, such a state of affairs had only arisen due to the considerable concessions that the monarchy had made to the ambitions of certain elements of the nobility.
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Baker, Joanne. "The House of Guise and the Church, c. 1550-1588". Thesis, University of Oxford, 1995. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:8fdd8fca-6c70-48a9-985c-e6307f22c8f2.
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This thesis explores the relationship between a leading French Catholic family and the Church in the second half of the sixteenth century. This is a socio-cultural study rather than an investigation of the French Church during this period, although some insight into the Church is given. The Church is used to provide a focus for an examination of noble experience. The thesis notes that male and female religious were integral members of the family network. The means by which the dynasty maintained an alternative patrimony in the Church is outlined. Consideration is then given to the resources which high ecclesiastical office brought an individual, both tangible - in the form of economic assets - and more theoretical - access to patronage opportunities and influence, which contributed to an individual's power. The economic resources which benefice tenure brought are examined and their management analysed. Patronage is viewed more as an expression of a noble culture of interacting social networks than as a product of a hierarchical power structure. The position of the Lorraine-Guise Cardinals in relation to the French Church is assessed. Their power within the Church was a result of personal qualities rather than institutional structures. The power which came with tenure is discussed, as is any relationship between ecclesiastical and secular power. A final chapter looks at the experience of women religious. Churchmen and women could contribute in certain ways to family interests, but there is no evidence of large-scale despoliation of the Church through ecclesiastical kin.
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Brown, Chris. "We are command of gentilmen : service and support among the lesser nobility of Lothian during the Wars of Independence, 1296-1341". Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/2678.
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This thesis examines the political, social and, in particular, military conditions that influenced the allegiance of the men and women of the political community of Lothian, that is to say those people with personal landholding, legal and military obligations whose services were crucial to the efficient administration of the sheriffdom and whose support was courted by kings and magnates alike. The key issue is the high degree of survival among these minor landed families. The upper strata of Scottish political society underwent considerable changes in the early to middle fourteenth century through the fortunes of war, in particular through the disinheritance of the Comyn family and their allies early in the reign of Robert I. Some families lost their Scottish properties, such as the Balliols and the Comyns. Others grew in stature; notably the Douglases and, in Lothian specifically, the Setons and the Lauders. Most landholders would probably have been content to retain their inheritances, and indeed, virtually all of the Lothian landed families of the late thirteenth century would seem to have managed to do just that. A high rate of success is not necessarily evidence that something is easily achieved; the retention of family properties was a complex business in wartime. In the period 1296-1314 the political community had to discharge their financial, legal and military burdens to the party currently in charge, but without permanently compromising themselves with the opposition, who might, after all, be in a position to exert lordship themselves at some point in the future. The military burdens are central to this thesis. Army service was a very obvious indication of allegiance. Given the nature of the normal practice of war in thirteenth and fourteenth century Europe, it is inevitable that this study examines the nature and incidence of armoured cavalry service in Lothian. The overwhelming majority of that service was performed by minor landholders. Records of their service in garrisons or their forfeiture as rebels provide us with a guide to the rate and incidence of defections from one party to another and therefore some guide to the degree to which a particular party was able to impose their lordship. The thesis explores the various challenges that faced the lesser landholders and more prosperous tenants and burgesses who lived through the Wars of Independence from the campaign of 1296 which ended the reign of King John and imposed the rule of Edward I, until 1341 when Edinburgh castle was recovered by the Scots from the forces of Edward III. It also questions the extent to which Edward III was able to impose his lordship in Lothian, considers the nature of the forces ranged against him and challenges the perception that only the outbreak of the Hundred Years War prevented the operational defeat of the Bruce party. The siege of Edinburgh castle in 1341 marked the end of the last attempt by an English medieval king to provide Lothian with a government. Naturally this would not have been abundantly apparent at the time; however subsequent English invasions, though they might attack Edinburgh, were not designed to bring about the conquest of Lothian. The political environment of Lothian landholders therefore differed substantially in 1296-41 compared to the century either side of the Wars of Independence in that the minor nobility faced difficult decisions which had to be made on assessments of the likely eventual success of the Balliol, Plantagenet and Bruce parties.
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Burba, Domininkas. "Criminal offences and punishments of the nobility in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania in the 18th century". Doctoral thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2010. http://vddb.laba.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2010~D_20101230_091156-39065.
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Based on the example of Vilnius district, the thesis attempts to analyse violent crimes and punishments of the nobility in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania in the 18th century. It reveals the structure of crimes: statistics, motives, criminal environment, social composition of victims and criminals, level of violence, theory and practice of punishments. The study of criminal conduct of the nobility as the leading social class provides the opportunity to take a glance at the society of that time; the thesis analyses its conflicts and ways of their solving, relations within the noble class and with other social classes. The major source of the thesis is castle court and land court books of Vilnius district. The thesis analyses violent crimes: homicide, bodily injury, pain infliction (murders, contusions, duels and others), illegal imprisonment, sexual violence, estate raids, city household attacks, robbery. Sentences of deprivation of honour, exile, tower imprisonment, capital punishment fall under the scope of the thesis. It has been determined that the peak of criminal conduct was reached in the 1740s and 1780s, whereas the lowest number of crimes was recorded in the 1770s. The rural environment featured a higher prevalence of criminal activity. However, a number of crimes committed in Vilnius significantly increased in the final third of the century. The study revealed that the most common crimes were homicide, bodily injury, pain infliction and domain raids; others were less... [to full text]Disertacijoje, remiantis Vilniaus pavieto pavyzdžiu, nagrinėjami smurtiniai bajorijos nusikaltimai ir bausmės XVIII a. Lietuvos Didžiojoje Kunigaikštystėje. Darbe atkleidžiama nusikaltimų struktūra: statistika, priežastys, erdvė, socialinė aukų bei nusikaltėlių sudėtis, smurto laipsnis, bausmių teorija ir praktika. Per bajorijos kaip valdančiojo luomo nusikalstamumo tyrimą siekiama pažvelgti į to meto visuomenę, tiriami jos konfliktai ir jų sprendimų būdai, bajorijos santykiai tarpusavyje ir su kitais luomais. Pagrindinis darbo šaltinis – Vilniaus pavieto pilies ir žemės teismų knygos. Disertacijoje nagrinėjami smurtiniai nusikaltimai: gyvybės atėmimo, kūno sužalojimo, skausmo suteikimo nusikaltimai (nužudymai, sumušimai, dvikovos ir kiti), nelegalus įkalinimas, seksualinė prievarta, valdų antpuoliai, miesto namų užpuolimai, plėšimas. Tiriamos garbės atėmimo, ištrėmimo, bokšto kalėjimo, mirties bausmės. Nustatyta, kad aukščiausias nusikalstamo pakilimas buvo penktame ir devintame XVIII a. dešimtmečiuose, mažiausiai nusikaltimų užfiksuota aštuntame dešimtmetyje. Daugiausia nusikaltimų vyko kaimo erdvėje. Paskutiniame amžiaus trečdalyje nusikaltimų Vilniuje skaičius smarkiai išaugo. Nustatyta, kad dažniausi nusikaltimai buvo gyvybės atėmimo, kūno sužalojimo, skausmo suteikimo nusikaltimai bei valdų antpuoliai, kiti buvo retesni. Nors Lietuvos Statuto nuostatos buvo griežtos, teisminė ir policinė kontrolė šalyje nebuvo stipri. Daugelis nusikaltimų nebūdavo išaiškinami, o... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]
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Stankevič, Adam. "Activities of the Lithuanian Supreme Tribunal in the latter half of the 18th century: application of the nobility law". Doctoral thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2013. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2013~D_20131028_141026-77345.
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The dissertation examines the central judicial institution of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania: the Supreme Tribunal and its functioning in the latter half of the 18th century. The choice of the investigated period was determined by the most significant judicial reforms carried out from 1764 to 1792 and in 1793. The present work, with reference to the concept of “efficient practice” and data of the research on modern legal theory and practice, adopts a comprehensive approach towards the administration of justice in the society of modern times. It analyses the most important factors determening the court’s activity: court’s competence, composition, judicial process and practical organization of its work. The compositional aspect of the court is analysed through the lenses of the formation of legal profession, therefore the aim was not only to evaluate all the normative acts defining responsibilities and functions of judges, chancellery clerks, advocates, procurators, court prosecutors but also to compile a comprehensive list of them. The dynamics of the court’s work was determined by calculating the number of lawsuits filed, number of cases that were solved and the ones left unsolved as well as the average time it took to settle lawsuits that were recorded in each register. At the end there are highlighted the problems encountered by the lower order courts that influenced the Tribunal’s workload. There is also given the analysis of some examples of how outsiders impacted the... [to full text]Disertacijoje yra nagrinėjama centrinės LDK teismo institucijos – Vyriausiojo Tribunolo ir jo funkcionavimo XVIII a. II pusėje istorija. Tiriamą laikotarpį įrėmina svarbiausios teismo reformos, vykusios 1764 ir 1792 bei 1793 m. Darbe, remiantis ,,efektyvios teismų veiklos“ konceptu, šuolaikinės teisės teorijos ir praktikos tyrimų rezultatais, realizuojama kompleksiška prieiga prie teisingumo vykdymo naujųjų laikų visuomenėje tyrimo problematikos. Analizuojami svarbiausiais teismo veiklos determinantais laikomi faktoriai: teismo kompetencija, sudėtis, teismo procesas ir praktinis darbo organizavimas. Teismo sudėties aspektas analizuotas per teisininko profesijos formavimosi problemą, todėl siekta ne tik įvertinti teisėjų, kancelarijos darbuotojų, advokatų, agentų ir instigatorių pareigas bei funkcijas apibrėžusių normatyvinių aktų visumą, bet ir sudaryti šių asmenų sąrašus. Teismo darbo dinamika buvo nustatoma apskaičiuojant teismui teiktų ieškinių, teismo spręstų ir paliktų neišspręstų bylų skaičius bei vidutinį į kiekvieną registrų knygą įrašytų ieškinių išnagrinėjimo laiką. Pabaigoje dar buvo išryškintos pirmosios instancijos teismų veiklos problemos, dariusios įtaką Tribunolo darbo krūviui, taip pat analizuoti kai kurie pašalinių asmenų poveikio teismo priimamų sprendimų turiniui pavyzdžiai ir bajoriškosios sąmonės apraškas atskleidžiantys epizodai.
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Claiden-Yardley, Kirsten. "Tudor noble commemoration and identity : the Howard family in context, 1485-1572". Thesis, University of Oxford, 2014. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:5487809d-9066-4709-ace0-16b5debe825d.
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This thesis examines the relationship between the commemorative strategies of English noblemen in the period 1485-1572 and their identity both as individuals and as a social group. In particular, it will look at the Howard dukes of Norfolk in the context of their peers. The five chapters each address a different aspect of noble identity. The first two chapters deal with the importance of kinship and of status. The importance of kinship is evident across commemorative strategies from burial locations to the heraldry displayed at funerals to the references to ancestry in elegies. Having achieved a particular status, noblemen were defensive of their rank and the dues accorded to it. Funerals were designed to reflect social status and the choice of burial location could also indicate a concern with status. However, there was not always a correlation between the scale of commemoration and status. The third chapter examines the role that service to the Crown played in noble identity. Late medieval ideals of military service and a chivalric culture survived well in to the sixteenth century and traditional commemorative forms remained popular, even amongst noblemen newly ennobled from the ranks of the Tudor administration. Chapter four addresses the importance of local power to the nobility of the period. Burial and commemoration acted as a visible reminder of the social order and were of benefit in maintaining local stability. Noblemen could also use their death as a means of demonstrating good lordship through charity and hospitality. The final chapter examines the importance of religion to a nobleman's identity during a century of turbulent religious change. Studying commemorative strategies allows us to trace noble responses to religious change, the constraints on their public show of belief, and the ways in which they could express individuality.
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Ellwood, Mark Richard. "The Roman Catholic peerage and the Crown in late seventeenth-century Ireland". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.610232.
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Perry, Megan R. "ALL THAT GLITTERS IS NOT GOLD: THEORIES OF NOBLESSE OBLIGE IN CAROLINGIAN FRANCIA". UKnowledge, 2018. https://uknowledge.uky.edu/history_etds/54.
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This thesis argues that conceptions of commerce in the Carolingian era were intertwined with the discourse of ethics, and that concepts of the Carolingian ‘economy’ may be profitably illuminated by consideration of pre-modern ethical and social categories. I explore a pre-modern pattern of personhood that framed persons in terms of political rôles, and exchange in terms of the interactions of those rôles. In moral letters addressed to counts and kings, ethical counsel about greed for each lay rôle was grounded in particular geographic spaces and historical moments, creating a rich valence of specific meanings for greed and charity. I examine letters in which Paulinus of Aquileia, Alcuin of York, Jonas of Orléans, and Dhuoda of Uzés treated the greed of counts, and those in which Smaragdus of St. Mihiel, Sedulius Scottus, and Hincmar of Rheims treated that of kings. In each letter’s definition of greed are found interactions with specific elements exchanged, and correlative meanings of greed far from limited to the ‘love of silver’, but also not wholly vague and spiritualized. Greed and largesse constituted the language in which Carolingian writers discussed economic exploitation, tyranny, plunder, investment, credit, and noblesse oblige.
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Lund, Olov. "Frälse, tjänare eller anställd? : Svenner, tjänsteideal och lön i senmedeltidens Sverige". Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Historiska institutionen, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-148795.
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This thesis studies “svenner” – armed servants, bailiffs and administrators – and service ideals in late medieval Sweden by using a variety of sources including payrolls, correspondence, charters and service instructions. The study argues that in order to reach an understanding of the relationship between lord and servant, and the complexity of service ideals, questions must be asked about for whom service was open, if there was competition, and what in that case was characteristic of the people and requirements that constituted the service.The conclusion is that service was not open to all; loyalty and strong social bonds were cru-cial, while other capitals such as military competence and ancestry could increase the material and immaterial benefits of service. The social field was closely connected to the political field why those who intended to compete in the field had limited opportunities to influence the terms of service. Although serving the aristocracy could be beneficial in many ways, legisla-tion and a deeply rooted service ideal held the feudal power relations firmly intact.
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Henderson, Nancy Ann. "British Aristocratic Women and Their Role in Politics, 1760-1860". PDXScholar, 1994. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/4799.
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British aristocratic women exerted political influence and power during the century beginning with the accession of George III. They expressed their political power through the four roles of social patron, patronage distributor, political advisor, and political patron/electioneer. British aristocratic women were able, trained, and expected to play these roles. Politics could not have existed without these women. The source of their political influence was the close interconnection of politics and society. In this small, inter-connected society, women could and did influence politics. Political decisions, especially for the Whigs, were not made in the halls of government with which we are so familiar, but in the halls of the homes of the social/political elite. However, this close interconnection can make women's political influence difficult to assess and understand for our twentieth century experience. Sources for this thesis are readily available. Contemporary, primary sources are abundant. This was the age of letter and diary writing. There is, however, a dearth of modern works concerning the political activities of aristocratic women. Most modern works rarely mention women. Other problems with sources include the inappropriate feminization of the time period and the filtering of this period through modern, not contemporary, points of view. Separate spheres is the most common and most inappropriate feminist issue raised by historians. This doctrine is not valid for aristocratic women of this time. The material I present in this thesis is not new. The sources, both contemporary and modern, have been available to historians for some time. By changing our rigid definition of politics by enlarging it to include the broader areas of political activities such as social patron, patronage distributor, political advisor, and political/electioneer, we can see British aristocratic women in a new light, revealing political power and influence.
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Mc, Inerney Timothy. "'The Better Sort' : ideas of Race and of Nobility in Eighteenth-Century Great Britain and Ireland". Thesis, Paris 3, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA030124/document.
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Durant des siècles, la noblesse britannique a défendu une hiérarchie fondée sur la lignée et la généalogie, qui s’inscrivait dans la tradition occidentale de l'ordre universel. En 1735, cependant, l'Homo sapiens de Linné marque le début d'un nouveau discours sur les hiérarchies humaines, désormais fondées sur la « variété » physique. Cette étude veut cerner l’influence de la tradition noble sur les conceptions de la race, en Grande-Bretagne et en Irlande, au cours du long XVIIIe siècle. Nous examinons un ensemble de textes de nature diverse, dans l'espoir de mettre en lumière la continuité des hiérarchies généalogiques à travers plusieurs disciplines et sur plusieurs centaines d'années. La première partie retrace l'histoire du privilège héréditaire comme « identité généalogique » à partir d’œuvres comme A British Compendium, or, Rudiments of Honour (1725-7) de Francis Nichols et l’Essay on Man (1734) d’Alexander Pope. La seconde partie réexamine ces mêmes traditions sous l'angle de la théorie de la race au XVIIIe siècle. Elle s'intéresse aux idées de la race et du breeding dans le roman anonyme, The Lady’s Drawing Room (1744), et à la rhétorique de la variété humaine dans plusieurs ouvrages d’histoire naturelle, dont A History of the Earth and Animated Nature (1774) d’Oliver Goldsmith. La troisième partie étudie l'influence des Lumières et de la Révolution française sur l’idée de « race noble » telle qu'elle apparaît dans les Reflections on the Revolution in France (1790) d'Edmund Burke, ainsi que le rôle de la « noblesse naturelle » dans des œuvres abolitionnistes, notamment Slavery, or, the Times (1792) d’Anna Maria Mackenzie. Ainsi, cette étude entend démontrer que la tradition de la « race » noble a été, et demeure, une composante fondamentale dans la construction d'un concept de « race » humaine, qui fait de la pureté du sang, de la supériorité des mœurs et de l’anatomie des principes définitoires de la hiérarchie humaineFor centuries, British nobility promoted an elite hierarchy based on genealogical precedence within the greater Western tradition of universal order. In 1735, however, Carolus Linnaeus’s Homo sapiens signalled the beginning of an entirely new discourse of human hierarchy based on physical ‘variety’. This study aims to identify how noble tradition influenced conceptions of race in Great Britain and Ireland during the long eighteenth century. Tracing the persistence of a ‘pureblood’ model of human superiority in the West, it traverses a vast range of historical material in order to highlight the continuity of genealogical hierarchies across multiple disciplines and over hundreds of years. The first section reviews the history of hereditary privilege as a backdrop to noble culture in eighteenth-century Britain: examining works such as Francis Nichols’s British Compendium, or, Rudiments of Honour (1727-7) and Alexander Pope’s Essay on Man (1734), it considers how nobility as a genealogical identity was accommodated in the ‘Great Chain of Being’ understanding of human hierarchy. The second section considers these same traditions in terms of the eighteenth-century ‘race’ construct: it considers the notion of ‘breeding’ in works such as the anonymous The Lady’s Drawing Room (1744) and the rhetoric of human variety in naturalist texts such as Oliver Goldsmith’s History of the Earth and Animated Nature (1774). The third and last section considers the influences of Enlightenment and the French Revolution on ideas of noble race in Edmund Burke’s Reflections on the Revolution in France (1790), and the role of ‘natural’ nobility in abolitionist texts such as Anna Maria Mackenzie’s Slavery; or, the Times (1792). In short, this study demonstrates that the tradition of noble ‘race’ was, and is, a fundamental component of the human ‘race’ construct, asserting blood purity, anatomical superiority, and inimitable excellence as defining principles of human hierarchy
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Bilbao, Julian Abascal Sguizzardi. "A fidalguia universal como questão: Biscaia na monarquia católica (entre o século XV e inícios do XVII)". Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8138/tde-28052018-140959/.
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Partindo da existência de uma fidalguia coletiva na região basca de Biscaia, ratificada juridicamente pela monarquia de Carlos V (1527) através da aprovação do conjunto de leis conhecido como Foro Novo, nos perguntamos: como esse fenômeno produziu-se? Quais os agenciamentos discursivos envolvidos em sua emergência? Sendo assim, recorremos a um estudo genealógico não-linear que abrangesse tal processo. Para tanto, utilizamos séries documentais tocantes à sociedade biscainha a partir século XV - especialmente - por meio das quais verificamos a passagem de uma sociedade assimétrica (regulamentada pelo Foro Velho - 1452) para a constituição fidalga em nível territorial. Além disso, não tomamos a fidalguia biscainha como um estatuto petrificado, mas nos preocupamos em analisar seu uso, funcionamento, articulações e produções de saber até inícios do século XVII no contexto monárquico.Starting by the existence of a collective nobility in the Basque region of Biscay, juridically confirmed by the emperor Carlos V (1527) through the approval of a set of laws known as Fuero Nuevo, we have inquired: How this phenomenon was produced? Which agencies were used for its emergency? In this sense, we have resorted to a non-linear genealogical study, which comprehends that process. To do that, it has been selected documents related to the Biscayan society from the 15th century principally - through which it was verified the transformation from an asymmetric society (regulated by the Fuero Viejo 1452) to the noble constitution in this territoriality. Besides that, we do not understand the Biscayan nobility as a petrified statute, so we were concerned in analyzing its use, operation, articulations and knowledge productions until the beginning of 17th century in the monarchical context.
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Hillman, Emilia. "SUPPLIKER TILL RIDDERSKAPET OCH ADELN UNDER FRIHETSTIDEN". Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för idé- och samhällsstudier, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-149796.
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The purpose of this paper is to chart the relationship between supplicants and the Knightship and the nobility (K.a.N) during the age of freedom and the identities created in these meetings. The result of this study is based on the parliamentary protocols of 1731, 1746-1757 and 1771-1772. To answer the purpose of this study, three questions have been constructed. First, who were the supplicants and the supplications? Supplicants came from all over Sweden and its provinces. It was mainly nobleman who spoke to K.a.N, but also women, farmers, bourgeois, craftsmen, theologians, academics, officials and cultural workers. The supplications, could be performed by a single supplicant or a larger group, both for personal reasons or for someone else's. The supplications could both, written down short and concise or long and nuanced. Service, economy, benefit, legal goals and permissions are the five different types of supplications that have been categorized. There is a change in the content of supplications over time, which was due to changes in external frameworks such as laws and taxes. Secondly, what strategies and identities were used by the supplicant to try to influence the outcome of the supplication? In total, sixteen different strategies and identities have been indetified. The legal right, Employment, Succession, For king and country, Suffering, Gods will, By the nature, Like so many before, Honors and status, Encouragement, Flattering, The family, Health and mind, Loss, Modesty, and Poverty. Thirdly, how did the K.a.N motivate their decisions? Of the total 182 supplications 147 were appeals. In 1731 a practice was developed where widows were granted half of the amount they sought. In total there were 12 supplications that did not get a decision or were left resting and nine supplications were rejected. The supplications that were rejected were mainly requests regarding succession and recommendations. It has shown that the supplication could create reproach for the K.a.N, partly by showing decisions later regarded as incorrect. Supplications about recommendations often raised discussions within the K.a.N and many advocated that they should not interfere with private matters. K.a.N did not treat the supplications with consistency - but with what was considered appropriate for the individual, even if it was against the law/practice. It was also found that the supplicant's identity was fortified by K.a.N or created, in order to justify approvals. The approval could be written even more nuanced and flattering by K.a.N than the supplication itself.
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Molina, Puche Sebastián. "Familia, poder y territorio. Las elites locales del corregimiento de Chinchilla-Villena en el siglo XVII". Doctoral thesis, Universidad de Murcia, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/10887.
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Uno de los principales objetivos de este trabajo de investigación ha sido profundizar en la comprensión del funcionamiento y articulación de la sociedad castellana moderna desde el factor familiar. Para ello, el extenso corregimiento de Chinchilla, Villena y las nueve villas a lo largo del siglo XVII se tomó como laboratorio de pruebas, esencialmente por dos razones: por un lado el contexto espacial era muy representativo, pues la mayor parte de la Castilla Moderna estaba constituida por pequeñas agrociudades como las que formaban dicha unidad jurisdiccional. Y por otro, el corte cronológico elegido demostraba ser una etapa clave en la evolución y conformación interna de los grupos dominantes castellanos, sobre todo los que actuaban en el ámbito local, pues es en este siglo cuando culmina el proceso de oligarquización del municipio castellano, con todo lo que ello supone a nivel social. Al ser nuestra meta conocer la organización social castellana, optamos por centrar nuestra investigación en un segmento social concreto: las familias de poder, es decir, aquellas que componian el grupo social más destacado y preeminente en cada una de las poblaciones estudiadas.One of the main objectives of this work of investigation has been to deepen in the understanding of the operation and joint of the modern Castilian society from the familiar factor. For it, the extensive group of judges of Chinchilla, Villena and the nine villas throughout century XVII was taken like research laboratory, essentially for two reasons: by a side the space context very representative era, then most of Modern Castile was constituted by small cities and villages which they formed this jurisdictional unit. And on the other hand, the chosen chronological cut demonstrated to be a key stage in the evolution and to internal conformation of the Castilian dominant groups, mainly those that acted in the local scope, then it is in this century when the process of oligarquización of the Castilian municipality culminates, yet what it supposes at social level. To the being our goal to know social the organization Castilian, we chose to center our investigation in a concrete social segment: the families of being able, that is to say, those that composed the social group more preeminent outstanding and in each one of the studied populations.
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Burba, Domininkas. "Bajorijos kriminaliniai nusikaltimai ir bausmės Lietuvos Didžiojoje Kunigaikštystėje XVIII a". Doctoral thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2010. http://vddb.laba.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2010~D_20101230_091137-51817.
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Disertacijoje, remiantis Vilniaus pavieto pavyzdžiu, nagrinėjami smurtiniai bajorijos nusikaltimai ir bausmės XVIII a. Lietuvos Didžiojoje Kunigaikštystėje. Darbe atkleidžiama nusikaltimų struktūra: statistika, priežastys, erdvė, socialinė aukų bei nusikaltėlių sudėtis, smurto laipsnis, bausmių teorija ir praktika. Per bajorijos kaip valdančiojo luomo nusikalstamumo tyrimą siekiama pažvelgti į to meto visuomenę, tiriami jos konfliktai ir jų sprendimų būdai, bajorijos santykiai tarpusavyje ir su kitais luomais. Pagrindinis darbo šaltinis – Vilniaus pavieto pilies ir žemės teismų knygos. Disertacijoje nagrinėjami smurtiniai nusikaltimai: gyvybės atėmimo, kūno sužalojimo, skausmo suteikimo nusikaltimai (nužudymai, sumušimai, dvikovos ir kiti), nelegalus įkalinimas, seksualinė prievarta, valdų antpuoliai, miesto namų užpuolimai, plėšimas. Tiriamos garbės atėmimo, ištrėmimo, bokšto kalėjimo, mirties bausmės. Nustatyta, kad aukščiausias nusikalstamo pakilimas buvo penktame ir devintame XVIII a. dešimtmečiuose, mažiausiai nusikaltimų užfiksuota aštuntame dešimtmetyje. Daugiausia nusikaltimų vyko kaimo erdvėje. Paskutiniame amžiaus trečdalyje nusikaltimų Vilniuje skaičius smarkiai išaugo. Nustatyta, kad dažniausi nusikaltimai buvo gyvybės atėmimo, kūno sužalojimo, skausmo suteikimo nusikaltimai bei valdų antpuoliai, kiti buvo retesni. Nors Lietuvos Statuto nuostatos buvo griežtos, teisminė ir policinė kontrolė šalyje nebuvo stipri. Daugelis nusikaltimų nebūdavo išaiškinami, o... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]Based on the example of Vilnius district, the thesis attempts to analyse violent crimes and punishments of the nobility in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania in the 18th century. It reveals the structure of crimes: statistics, motives, criminal environment, social composition of victims and criminals, level of violence, theory and practice of punishments. The study of criminal conduct of the nobility as the leading social class provides the opportunity to take a glance at the society of that time; the thesis analyses its conflicts and ways of their solving, relations within the noble class and with other social classes. The major source of the thesis is castle court and land court books of Vilnius district. The thesis analyses violent crimes: homicide, bodily injury, pain infliction (murders, contusions, duels and others), illegal imprisonment, sexual violence, estate raids, city household attacks, robbery. Sentences of deprivation of honour, exile, tower imprisonment, capital punishment fall under the scope of the thesis. It has been determined that the peak of criminal conduct was reached in the 1740s and 1780s, whereas the lowest number of crimes was recorded in the 1770s. The rural environment featured a higher prevalence of criminal activity. However, a number of crimes committed in Vilnius significantly increased in the final third of the century. The study revealed that the most common crimes were homicide, bodily injury, pain infliction and domain raids; others were less... [to full text]
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Junior, Paulo Accorsi. "O mundo como herança: a sociedade dos nobres fidalgos de Espanha (s. XIII-XV)". Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8138/tde-02102018-105351/.
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Os primeiros estudos dedicados ao texto Livro de Linhagens do Conde D. Pedro de Barcelos definiram-se exclusivamente pelo interesse nas narrativas nele contidas. A restante matéria de que se compunha foi, assim, relegada ao estatuto de matéria genealógica, e, como tal, desprovida de interesse literário. Numa perspectiva distinta, o objetivo deste trabalho é tomar esta obra compilada pelo filho bastardo do rei D. Dinis de Portugal (1279-1325) em sua unidade enquanto discurso. Atendendo a apelos de medievalistas quanto à necessidade de se entrar em linha de conta com seu conteúdo ideológico, com seu sentido como obra de arte e suas relações com o contexto histórico social da crise de meados do século XIV, a pesquisa aponta como ponto de partida de suas possibilidades de emergência como texto, o vigoroso processo de senhorialização da sociedade portuguesa que teve início em meados do século XIII. O que não se fez sem que resistências surgissem no campo cultural. O Livro de Linhagens do Conde D. Pedro é reconhecido por sua pujança ímpar em relação a obras do gênero no panorama europeu, em especial, hispânico. A metodologia aplicada à análise do texto inspira-se em diretrizes estabelecidas pelas chamadas análises de conteúdo; principalmente pela de uma Semiótica narrativa e discursiva, privilegiando as relações entre texto e contexto. O trabalho busca demonstrar que esta obra é expressão da atualização do que os estudos de André Heusler e André Jolles definiram como saga, que tomamos como uma forma simples, cuja memória alimentou a produção textual promovida pelo processo de introdução da escritura cristã no Ocidente, que se estima situado entre anos 1150 e 1350. Igualmente, é nosso propósito demonstrar, através de um contraponto, que os primeiros textos literários da chamada prosa de Avis, do início do século XV, emergem como um projeto discursivo de redefinição do universo axiológico com que o texto do Livro de Linhagens constrói a visão de mundo de uma nobreza feudal tradicional. Assim, adapta seus valores e códigos de conduta ao exigido pela necessidade de incorporação de atores sociais emergentes no trânsito dos finais da Idade Média para os inícios da chamada Idade Moderna.The first studies dedicated to the Book of Lineages from the Count D. Pedro de Barcelos were defined exclusively by the interest in the narratives that it contains. The other components of this book were relegated as genealogical subject, and, like that, destitute of literary interest. From a distinct perspective, this study aims to analyse the work compiled by the bastard son of the king D. Dinis (1279-325) from Portugal in its unity as a discourse. This research indicates the strong process of seigniorage of Portuguese society, occurred in the middle of 13th century, as the start point of the books emergency as a text. This process brought up resistances in the cultural field. The Counts D. Pedro Book of Lineages is recognized its unique relevance in relation to the other works of the same genre which emerged in Europe, especially, at Spain. The methodology applied to the present analysis is inspired in the propositions from the field of narrative and discursive semiotics. It privileges the relations between text and context and demonstrates that the book studied here is the expression of the update of the concept of saga, defined by the reflections of André Heusler and André Jolles. We understand this term as a simple form, whose memories fed the textual production resulted from the process of the introduction of the Christian writing in the West, between 1150 and 1350. We also want to demonstrate that the first literary texts from the Avis prose arise as a discursive project, which aims to redefine the axiological universe with which the Book of Lineages constructs the worlds vision of traditional feudal nobility. This book adapts its values and codes of conduct as it is required by the necessity of the incorporation of emergent social actors in the traffic from the middle Ages end to the beginning of the Modern Era.
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Martínez, Giralt Alejandro. "Parentela aristocràtica, domini i projecció sociopolítica. Els vescomtes de Cabrera entre 1199 i 1423". Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Girona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/398029.
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La present tesi doctoral vol ser una contribució a la millora i a l'ampliació delconeixement que es té del passat medieval dels vescomtes de Cabrera, una de les famílies més rellevants de l'alta aristocràcia medieval catalana, però alhora una de les menys conegudes. L'estudi s'ha desenvolupat seguint tres eixos principals: la reconstrucció de les accions dels Cabrera en els terrenys polític, social, militar, a través de l'anàlisi biogràfic o prosopogràfic del grup de parentiu; l'anàlisi de les vies biològiques i memorístiques de creació, de conservació i d'expressió de la seva identitat familiar; i, finalment, dels mitjans i dels processos de creació i de gestió d'un domini familiar més o menys cohesionatThe present Doctoral Thesis wants to be a contribution to the improvement and the extension of what is known about the Medieval past of the Viscounts of Cabrera. This was one of the most important but also one of the least well-known families among the Medieval Catalan high nobility. The study has been developed along three main axis: the reconstruction of the Cabreras' actions in the political, social and military fields, through the biographical or prosopographic analysis of their kinship; the analysis of the biological and memory procedures used to create, preserve and express their family identity; and, finally, of the means and processes to create and manage a more or less consistent family domain
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Surreaux, Simon. "Les Maréchaux de France au XVIIIe siècle. Histoire sociale, politique et culturelle d’une élite militaire". Thesis, Paris 4, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA040179.
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Dans la société d’Ancien Régime, les maréchaux de France avaient pour fonction la conduite des armées du roi. Au XVIIIe siècle, la plupart des quatre-vingts officiers généraux distingués par le maréchalat le furent à un âge avancé. Cette thèse montre dans une première partie l’évolution d’une dignité accordée à l’origine pour commander à la guerre vers une faveur décernée en période de paix. Les parties suivantes sont consacrées à la place de cette élite dans la société. Par l’étude des alliances matrimoniales, il s’agit de comprendre dans quelle mesure l’endogamie ou l’exogamie nobiliaires s’inscrivirent dans une stratégie de préservation patrimoniale et d’enrichissement.Les actes notariés contribuent à étudier l’assise de leur fortune. Le patrimoine, les dettes ainsi que les revenus informent sur les mouvements de cette fortune, indiquant qu’il s’agissait d’un groupe économiquement dynamique et cantonné aux formes traditionnelles de placements. On peut ainsi déterminer la place des maréchaux dans la ville au travers de leur quotidien, dans leurs demeures et par la gestion de leur fortune. La dernière partie s’interroge sur la culture de cette élite militaire. Une analyse systématique des testaments informe sur leurs attitudes devant la mort. Les curiosités intérieures de cette élite militaire renseignent sur les comportements de collectionneurs de certains maréchaux. La place des maréchaux dans la vie sociale du temps, dans les académies parisiennes ou provinciales, dans les loges maçonniques et certains salons, achève cette réflexionIn the society of the Ancient Regime, the marshals of France were in charge of the king’s military. In the 18th century, most of the eighty general officers were quite elderly when granted marshalcy. In a first part, this PhD highlights the shift from a title initially acquired to command during wartime to a favour granted during peacetime. The following parts explore the place of this elite within society. Through the study of matrimonial alliances, it is to be understood to what extent nobiliary endogamy or exogamy were part of a strategy of heritage maintenance and enrichment. The notarial deeds contribute to study the base of their wealth. The analysis of their heritage, debts and incomes permits to identify the fluctuations of their wealth, which shows that the marshals were an economically dynamic group and depending solely on traditional forms of investment. One can thus rebuild the marshals’ place in the city through their daily lives and their heritage’s management. The last part focuses on the culture of this military elite. The systematic analysis of wills testifies to their attitudes towards death. The internal curiosities of these noble men of war informs us about their behaviours as collectors. The marshals’ place in the social life of the time, in the Parisian or provincial academies, in the Masonic lodges, and certain salons, ends up this social, political as well as cultural history of a military elite that had been forgotten so far
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Thomas, Elizabeth. "'We have nothing more valuable in our treasury' : royal marriage in England, 1154-1272". Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/2001.
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That kings throughout the entire Middle Ages used the marriages of themselves and their children to further their political agendas has never been in question. What this thesis examines is the significance these marriage alliances truly had to domestic and foreign politics in England from the accession of Henry II in 1154 until the death of his grandson Henry III in 1272. Chronicle and record sources shed valuable light upon the various aspects of royal marriage at this time: firstly, they show that the marriages of the royal family at this time were geographically diverse, ranging from Scotland and England to as far abroad as the Empire, Spain, and Sicily, Most of these marriages were based around one primary principle, that being control over Angevin land-holdings on the continent. Further examination of the ages at which children were married demonstrates a practicality to the policy, in that often at least the bride was young, certainly young enough to bear children and assimilate into whatever land she may travel to. Sons were also married to secure their future, either as heir to the throne or the husband of a wealthy heiress. Henry II and his sons were almost always closely involved in the negotiations for the marriages, and were often the initiators of marriage alliances, showing a strong interest in the promotion of marriage as a political tool. Dowries were often the centre of alliances, demonstrating how much the bride, or the alliance, was worth, in land, money, or a combination of the two. One of the most important aspects for consideration though, was the outcome of the alliances. Though a number were never confirmed, and most royal children had at least one broken proposal or betrothal before their marriage, many of the marriages made were indeed successful in terms of gaining from the alliance what had originally been desired.
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Fetherstonhaugh, Claire Christine. "Earls and the crown in England, 1360-1385". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2014. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.648902.
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Ellis, James. "Chivalry and crisis at the Court of Juan II of Castile : the chivalric writing of Alonso de Cartagena and his contemporaries". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2016. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/273349.
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This study addresses chivalric writing and court culture during the reign of Juan II of Castile and aims to examine the changing chivalric ideal in Castile during this turbulent period of Castilian history. My thesis argues that political crisis in Castile led to a corresponding crisis in Castilian chivalry as commentators at the royal court tried to correct the failings of the Castilian nobility. The study is based around the work of Alonso de Cartagena, an esteemed diplomat, translator and the Bishop of Burgos in the latter years of Juan II’s reign. Like many of his contemporaries, Cartagena lamented Castile’s descent into civil war and felt compelled to take up his pen in response to the drawn swords of the Castilian nobility. His Doctrinal de los caualleros, produced in 1444 at the height of the civil war, was a highly critical look at chivalry and nobility in the Kingdom of Castile. Cartagena’s view of the chivalric ideal was one which was fundamentally shaped by the civil war. This study seeks to set his ideas in their broader context and argues that they should be seen as part of a wider Castilian debate on chivalry and nobility. This debate involved a number of Cartagena’s contemporaries including, Diego de Valera, Juan Rodríguez del Padrón, Rodrigo Sánchez de Arévalo and the Marquis of Santillana Íñigo López de Mendoza. Cartagena, along with a number of these authors, challenged traditional views on chivalry and nobility and instead argued for a view of knighthood grounded in individual good conduct and personal worth, in place of lineage and inherited status. This study argues that the civil war in Castile paved the way for the development of a rich literature of chivalric reform and facilitated the development of the sort of knightly criticism seen elsewhere in Europe in the later Middle Ages. However, rather than simply being a theoretical discussion, the civil war and unique social pressures on the Iberian Peninsula made the debate highly relevant. Chivalry became a vehicle for political criticism and reform. For Cartagena and his contemporaries, chivalric writing offered a means of ending the civil war by addressing what they saw as endemic issues with the rebellious Castilian nobility. My work has thus argued for a view of chivalry as a changing and developing body of thought shaped by the intellectual and political context in which it developed. Chivalry was, in essence, a code of military ethics governing conduct on and off the battlefield. However, whilst its basic tenants of virtue, honour, prowess at arms and piety were broadly similar across Europe, how they were understood differed greatly. Rather than seeking an all-encompassing definition, I have argued that the focus should fall on the differences and complexities within chivalric thought.
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Hammond, Catherine. "Family conflict in ducal Normandy, c. 1025-1135". Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/3940.
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This thesis focuses on conflict within families in Normandy, c. 1025 to 1135. Despite the occurrence of several acute struggles within the ducal house during this period, and a number of lesser known but significant disputes within aristocratic families, this topic has attracted little attention from historians. Kin conflict was cast by medieval commentators as a paradox, and indeed, it is often still regarded in these terms today: the family was a bastion of solidarity, and its members the very individuals to whom one turned for support in the face of an external threat, so for a family group to turn against itself was aberrant and abhorrent. In this thesis, I draw on significant narrative and documentary evidence to consider the practice and perception of family discord. When considered in its broader setting, it emerges that kin disputes were an expected and accepted part of Norman society at this time. I begin by introducing the topic, justifying my approach, considering the relevant historiography, and providing an overview of the sources. In chapter one, I examine the representations of family and conflict in a range of primary sources to glean contemporary views. In chapters two and three, I focus on the practice of conflict within the ducal family, considering the causes of disputes, and then the place of internal ducal dissension in the Norman world. Chapter four analyses the same issues in relation to discord within aristocratic families, before chapter five explores family disputes which arose from patronage of the Church. In the conclusion, I consider the Norman example within its comparative contemporary milieu and ponder the broader themes of family conflict.
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Surreaux, Simon. "Les Maréchaux de France au XVIIIe siècle. Histoire sociale, politique et culturelle d’une élite militaire". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 4, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA040179.
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Dans la société d’Ancien Régime, les maréchaux de France avaient pour fonction la conduite des armées du roi. Au XVIIIe siècle, la plupart des quatre-vingts officiers généraux distingués par le maréchalat le furent à un âge avancé. Cette thèse montre dans une première partie l’évolution d’une dignité accordée à l’origine pour commander à la guerre vers une faveur décernée en période de paix. Les parties suivantes sont consacrées à la place de cette élite dans la société. Par l’étude des alliances matrimoniales, il s’agit de comprendre dans quelle mesure l’endogamie ou l’exogamie nobiliaires s’inscrivirent dans une stratégie de préservation patrimoniale et d’enrichissement.Les actes notariés contribuent à étudier l’assise de leur fortune. Le patrimoine, les dettes ainsi que les revenus informent sur les mouvements de cette fortune, indiquant qu’il s’agissait d’un groupe économiquement dynamique et cantonné aux formes traditionnelles de placements. On peut ainsi déterminer la place des maréchaux dans la ville au travers de leur quotidien, dans leurs demeures et par la gestion de leur fortune. La dernière partie s’interroge sur la culture de cette élite militaire. Une analyse systématique des testaments informe sur leurs attitudes devant la mort. Les curiosités intérieures de cette élite militaire renseignent sur les comportements de collectionneurs de certains maréchaux. La place des maréchaux dans la vie sociale du temps, dans les académies parisiennes ou provinciales, dans les loges maçonniques et certains salons, achève cette réflexionIn the society of the Ancient Regime, the marshals of France were in charge of the king’s military. In the 18th century, most of the eighty general officers were quite elderly when granted marshalcy. In a first part, this PhD highlights the shift from a title initially acquired to command during wartime to a favour granted during peacetime. The following parts explore the place of this elite within society. Through the study of matrimonial alliances, it is to be understood to what extent nobiliary endogamy or exogamy were part of a strategy of heritage maintenance and enrichment. The notarial deeds contribute to study the base of their wealth. The analysis of their heritage, debts and incomes permits to identify the fluctuations of their wealth, which shows that the marshals were an economically dynamic group and depending solely on traditional forms of investment. One can thus rebuild the marshals’ place in the city through their daily lives and their heritage’s management. The last part focuses on the culture of this military elite. The systematic analysis of wills testifies to their attitudes towards death. The internal curiosities of these noble men of war informs us about their behaviours as collectors. The marshals’ place in the social life of the time, in the Parisian or provincial academies, in the Masonic lodges, and certain salons, ends up this social, political as well as cultural history of a military elite that had been forgotten so far
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Fersing, Antoine. "Idoines et suffisant : les officiers d'Etat et l'extension des droits du Prince en Lorraine ducale (début du XVIe siècle - 1633)". Thesis, Strasbourg, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017STRAG009.
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Entre le début du XVIe siècle et le commencement de la guerre de Trente Ans en Lorraine, en 1633, les conditions d’exercice du pouvoir d’État se transforment profondément dans les duchés de Lorraine et de Bar : un droit écrit et des procédures judiciaires formalisées sont élaborés, un impôt permanent est créé et une armée régulière est mise sur pieds. Ces évolutions impliquent une augmentation du nombre des officiers qui composent le service du Prince, officiers dont il est possible de connaître la carrière grâce aux lettres patentes de provision en office et aux registres des comptes depuis lesquels ils sont rémunérés. Pour ces hommes, le service du Prince est l’occasion d’un enrichissement personnel et d’un avancement dans la société lorraine, aussi s’efforcent-ils d’étendre les droits de leur maître pour obtenir de lui des faveurs diverses (dons, pensions,anoblissement, érections de terres en fief noble, etc.). À mesure que le nombre et la technicité des affaires à traiter s’accroissent, le Prince laisse à ces hommes une autonomie accrue, ce qui modifie considérablement les modalités de fonctionnement de l’État ducalBetween the first years of the 16th century and the beginning of the Thirty Years War in Lorraine, in 1633, the shape of State power is deeply transformed in the duchies of Lorraine and Bar: a written law and judicial proceedings are defined, a system of permanent taxation is established and a standing army is raised. All these evolutions implies a higher number of State officers, for whom careers in the service of the prince can be known using the letters establishing them in office as well as the account books recording the payment of their wages. For those men, the service of the prince can be a mean to get rich and to improve their social position, which is the reason why they try to extend the rights of their master, hoping that he will reward them with favours (such as bounties, pensions, letters of ennoblement, conversions of land in fiefs, etc.). As the number and the technicality of the cases involving the State raise, the prince gives to those men an increasing autonomy, which leads to a drastic change in the operating processes of the ducal State
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Gregory, Charles T. "The end of Richelieu : noble conspiracy and Spanish treason in Louis XIII's France, 1636-1642". Thesis, University of Oxford, 2013. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:e730d78f-e11c-4f8d-b14f-f073924f3780.
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Cardinal Richelieu is traditionally accredited with defeating the power of the grands, the upper echelon of the French nobility, as part of his supposedly successful project for monarchical absolutism. Modern historians have recast Richelieu as a nobleman of his time, who advanced himself within the social and political hierarchies through marriage alliances and patronage. He therefore worked hard to forge alliances with the grands rather than trying to destroy them. Yet his ministry was riven by persistent noble conspiracies and rebellions, which have gone largely without systematic investigation. This study examines the nature and causes of that unrest during Richelieu’s final six years, offering a radical re-assessment of the opposition and the politics of the period. Noble conspiracy was not just a by-product of government by a first minister, but reflected the factional nature of Richelieu’s approach. Factional rivalry was exacerbated by the emergence, after 1638, of a struggle for the anticipated regency. After this, Richelieu took a more hostile approach to his adversaries, forcing them to adopt strong countermeasures in order to preserve their positions. Richelieu’s opponents were surprisingly successful in asserting their independence. As well as enjoying widespread domestic support, they allied with the Habsburg powers to engineer military rebellion, posing a major threat to the Cardinal and undermining the war effort against Spain. The Spanish set their stall out for a long-term war, expecting that Richelieu’s opponents would eventually gain power and negotiate peace on more flexible terms. The ability of the grands to re-assert themselves was still a dominant characteristic of French politics. Richelieu’s legacy, on his death in 1642, was a highly volatile political situation in which success was still a long way off for France. These findings suggest the catalytic impact of Habsburg power on France’s internal divisions, which should consequently be seen as integral to the forging of the ancien régime.
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Richholt, Heather, i University of Lethbridge Faculty of Arts and Science. "Noble comportment and the evolution of social order in the work of M. de la Chetardye". Thesis, Lethbridge, Alta. : University of Lethbridge, Faculty of Arts and Science, 2001, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10133/361.
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Salamonik, Michał. "In Their Majesties’ Service : The Career of Francesco De Gratta (1613-1676) as a Royal Servant and Trader in Gdańsk". Doctoral thesis, Södertörns högskola, Historia, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-32304.
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This study analyses the administrative and economic career of Francesco De Gratta (1613–1676) as Royal Postmaster, Royal Secretary, and trader within the postal and fiscal systems of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. This investigation focuses mainly on his network and career strategies and is based on various sources from a number of European archives and libraries, mainly those situated in Italy, Poland and Germany. The study presents the family De Gratta and the familial social actions that Francesco used in order to root his children and family in the Polish-Lithuanian noble culture. Next, the analysis shows that the career of Francesco De Gratta was inextricably correlated with the establishment of the early modern royal postal system in Gdańsk (the city of Gdańsk fulfilled an important bridging role within the Poland-Lithuanian Commonwealth) as well as his close contacts with different Polish kings and queens. The career followed distinct stages, tying him ever closer with the Crown, the nobility as well as the merchants in Gdańsk. It all started with his position as Head Postmaster in Gdańsk, in 1654. In 1661, he became Postmaster General of Royal Prussia, Courland, Semigallia and Livonia. After these initial steps, Francesco immersed in creditor activities and close contacts with the Royal Prussian cities, royal authorities, and not the least different Polish mint masters. He also got involved in the potash trade with his later son-in-law Jan Wawrzyniec Wodzicki, first as his factor and later as a co-owner of Wodzicki’s company. The study finally traces his social and economic advancement by the analysis of Francesco De Gratta’s legacies and their importance for his heirs’ social status. The summary compares the career of Francesco De Gratta with that of other postmasters and mint masters of Italian origin in Poland-Lithuania.Denna studie analyserar Francesco De Grattas (1613-1676) ekonomiska och administrativa karriär som kunglig postmästare, kunglig sekreterare och köpman i det polsk-litauiska samväldet. Denna undersökning är främst inriktad på nätverks- och karriärsanalys och bygger på olika arkivkällor från en rad europeiska arkiv och bibliotek, främst från Italien, Polen och Tyskland. Studien presenterar familjen De Gratta och de familjära sociala strategier som Francesco använde för att förankra sin familj i det polsk-litauiska samväldets adelskultur. Därefter visar analysen att De Grattas karriär kan förstås mot bakgrund av upprättandet av det tidigmoderna kungliga postsystemet i Gdańsk (Gdańsk hade en viktig överbryggande roll inom Polen-Litauen), liksom hans nära kontakter med olika polska kungar och drottningar. Hans karriär följde olika distinkta steg som möjliggjorde för honom att närma sig kronan, adeln och köpmännen i Gdańsk. År 1654 blev han huvudpostmästare i Gdańsk och 1661 fick han ämbetet som huvudpostmästare för Kungliga Preussen, Kurland, Semgallen och Livland. Senare utvecklade Francesco De Gratta sin kreditverksamhet parallellt med utbyggnaden av sitt kontaktnätverk med kungliga preussiska städer, kungliga myndigheter och inte minst olika polska myntmästare. Han blev också involverad i handel med pottaska (kaliumkarbonat) tillsammans med sin svärson Jan Wawrzyniec Wodzicki, först som hans agent och senare som delägare i Wodzickis företag. Slutligen spårar studien Francesco De Grattas sociala och ekonomiska framåtskridande genom en analys av hans arv och dess betydelse för hans arvingars sociala status. Sammanfattningsvis jämförs Francesco De Grattas karriär med andra postmästare och myntmästare av italienskt ursprung i Polen-Litauen.
Information Infrastructure in the Baltic Area. Nodes, News and News Agents, c. 1650 - 1700
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Mbokazi, Jabulani Tadeus. "Aspects of the family in Ancient Egypt". Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/698.
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Thesis (MA (Ancient Studies)--University of Stellenbosch, 2002.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This study deals with the ancient Egyptian family. Cultural anthropology is used as a point of departure to reconstruct the daily lives of the ancient Egyptians. Cultural anthropology usually applies to living communities but most of the principles it uses are just as relevant in the study of a dead culture. The emphasis of this study is on the different cultural domains, which include education, religion, family livelihoods, family recreation, entertaimnent and travel and social organization and how these are interrelated. Most of our ancient Egyptian knowledge comes from the tombs of wealthy individuals, and thus incomplete since we have no record of how peasants perceived the world, as they could not afford a good burial. Other sources are the ancient documents and artefacts from town sites all associated with wealthy individuals. While peasants were too poor to send their children to school, wealthier Egyptians did send their children to school especially boys. Agriculture was central in ancient Egyptian life. The nobility and other higher classes depended on the toil of the peasant for basic commodities and food. The peasant families in the rural areas were unable to attend the lavish festivals in the cities. Their basic focus was centred on their homes, families and on the success of the harvest. The peasant had his own private god or gods to whom he could tum for aid or comfort in times of trouble. Surplus items of food, clothing, oil and such like could be used for barter for purchasing essential items for everyday living. During their spare time the Egyptian families entertained friends, engaged in the various pastimes and travel. The peasant, as providers of food, formed an important social base for the Egyptian state.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie studie handel oor die Egiptiese familie. Kulturele antropologie word gebruik as metode om die daaglikse lewe van die antieke Egiptenare te rekonstrueer. Kulturele antropologie word gewoonlik op "lewende" gemeenskappe toegepas, maar die beginsels daarvan is net so relevant vir die bestudering van "dooie" kulture. Die fokus van hierdie studie is op die verskillende kulturele domeine wat insluit onderrig, religie, familie aktiwiteite, familie ontspanning, vermaak, reis en sosiale organisasie en hoe hierdie domeine op mekaar inwerk. Meeste van die kennis oor antieke Egipte word verkry uit die grafte van ryk individue en is daarom gebrekkig ten opsigte van kleinboere en hul siening van die wêreld, omdat hulle nie behoorlike grafte kon bekostig nie. Ander bronne is die antieke tekste en artefakte wat gevind word in dorpe, wat ook meestal behoort het aan ryk persone. Die kleinboere kon nie bekostig om hul kinders na 'n skool te stuur nie, maar ryk Egiptenare kon wel - veral dan seuns. Landbou was baie belangrik tot Egiptiese lewe. Die aristokrasie en ander klasse was afhanklik van die sukkelbestaan van kleinboere om hulle te voorsien van die basiese goedere en voedsel. Kleinboer families, wat in die platteland gebly het kon nie die groot feeste in die stede bywoon nie. Hul persoonlike oortuigings het daarom gefokus op die huishouding, familie en suksesvolle oeste. Kleinboere het 'n persoonlike god of gode gehad wat tot hul hulp kon kom, of troos kon bied in tye van krisis. Surplus goedere soos, onder andere, voedsel, klere en olie kon as ruilmiddel gebruik word om ander items wat benodig word, te bekom. In vrye tyd het families vriende onthaal, verskillende stokperdjies beoefen en rondgereis. Die kleinboere, as verskaffers van voedsel, het 'n belangrike sosiale basis van die Egiptiese staat gevorm.
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Pagazani, Xavier. "Demeures campagnardes de la petite et moyenne noblesse en haute Normandie (1450-1600) : pour une histoire architecturale d’une province française". Thesis, Paris 4, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA040249.
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Durement touchée par la guerre de Cent Ans, la Normandie connaît une telle renaissance à partir de la fin du XVe siècle qu’elle devient le premier gisement fiscal du royaume, ce qui conduit le roi à accroître sa tutelle sur elle au cours du siècle suivant. Cette thèse se compose de deux parties distinctes, d’égale importance. La première offre une synthèse sur les demeures campagnardes de la petite et moyenne noblesse dans ce climat hautement favorable à l’activité architecturale. La seconde analyse de manière approfondie près de 80 ensembles manoriaux, qui constituent la base sur laquelle repose les observations synthétiques de la première partie. Si la méthode adoptée privilégie (au-delà des renseignements archivistiques, lorsqu’ils existent) l’analyse archéologique des bâtiments, elle y associe une approche comparative avec les réalisations nationales, les modèles graphiques et les traités « rustiques » contemporains (Androuet Du Cerceau, Estienne, Liébault), qui proposent souvent des usages déjà répandus. L’enquête ainsi menée permet non seulement de comprendre le fonctionnement, les particularismes et l’évolution des manoirs haut-normands entre 1450 et 1600, mais elle révèle aussi une capacité des architectes œuvrant dans la province à innover, avec l’apparition précoce du plan double en profondeur, du vestibule à l’antique ou encore de la fenêtre à meneau en bois, expérimentations qui, en raison des guerres civiles, ne seront pleinement exploitées qu’au siècle suivant. Après l’étude pionnière sur Le Manoir en Bretagne, 1380-1600 (Inventaire général, Paris, 1993), cette thèse offre un nouveau point de comparaison solide pour d’autres études régionales des « maisons aux champs » de la noblesse françaiseSeriously affected by the Hundred Years War, Normandy experienced such a renaissance from the end of the XVth century that it became the major source of revenue for the kingdom, causing the king to tighten its control over it during the following century. This thesis offers a study in two distinct parts of equal importance. The first, a synthesis on the country houses of the small and medium nobility in the context of a period highly favourable to the architectural activity. The second, a deeper analysis of about eighty manorial domains, which constitutes the basis upon which rests the larger interpretative account in the first part. If the method adopted stresses archaeological analysis of the buildings, more than archives often missing, it also uses an approach comparing them with structures in other regions of France and with contemporary rural treatises (Estienne, Liébault) and “maisons pour les champs” models (Androuet Du Cerceau), who often suggest forms already widespread. The enquiry conducted in this manner allows us not only to understand the function, the individuality and the evolution of the manors of upper Normandy between 1450 and 1600, but it reveals also the ability of the architects working in the province to innovate, with the early appearance of the compact plan with double rows of rooms, the vestibule “à l’antique” or the window with a wooden mullion, experiments which, because of the civil wars, would not be fully exploited until the next century. Following the pioneering study on Le Manoir en Bretagne, 1380-1600 (Inventaire général, Paris, 1993), this thesis offers an additional firm bench mark for comparison in future regional studies
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Troadec, Cécile. "Roma crescit. Une histoire économique et sociale de Rome au XVe siècle". Thesis, Paris 4, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA040202.
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Cette thèse porte sur les transformations de l’économie et de la société romaines au cours d’un long XVe siècle (1398-1527). La croissance économique de Rome est provoquée et entretenue par le retour de la papauté après la parenthèse du Schisme. À partir du milieu du XVe siècle, les rythmes de l’économie romaine s’accélèrent : l’afflux de capitaux provenant des marchands-banquiers toscans, mais aussi réinvestis de l’économie rurale dans l’économie urbaine, créent de nouvelles conditions de production et de nouveaux modes de consommation. La réactivation du statut de capitale s’accompagne d’une demande croissante, en particulier en produits de luxe. L’enjeu de cette recherche est de comprendre et d’analyser comment la société romaine, les familles et les individus qui la composent, se sont adaptés à cette nouvelle conjoncture, parfois encore incertaine. Plus largement, il s’agit d’étudier l’adaptation des comportements et des pratiques socio-économiques à la croissance démographique et économique. Les thématiques abordées couvrent un spectre très large, depuis l’économie rurale du casale jusqu’au marché immobilier, du cadre macro-économique à travers l’approvisionnement urbain et les importations jusqu’à la micro-histoire des artisans, bouchers, poissonniers. L’un des axes de la thèse porte sur les phénomènes de mobilité sociale qui affectent aussi bien les milieux populaires que la noblesse citadine. Enfin, cette thèse replace Rome dans un contexte plus large, celui des villes d’Italie, soulignant ses spécificités ou sa conformité avec les modèles d’Italie septentrionale ou méridionaleThis PhD aims at improving our understanding of the deep transformations that affect both Roman economy and society during the 15th century (1398-1527). The economic revival displayed by the Quattrocento’s Rome turns out to be sustained and increased by the return of the papal Court in Rome by the end of the 14th century. From the second half of the 15th century indeed, Roman economy’s pace changes, financial resources are flooding from the country to the city also as from Tuscan merchant-bankers, creating new conditions of production and new patterns of consumption. The renewed status of capital city leads to an ever-increasing demand, especially in luxury products. What’s at stake is to analyse and enlighten how the Roman society managed to adapt itself and to respond to a changing situation and to an impressive demographic and economic growth. The six chapters of this book cover a wide scale, from the rural economy of the casale up to the real estate market ; from the macroeconomic frame through the question of urban supply and imports up to the microstoria of craftsmen, butchers, fishmongers. This PhD also deals with the process of social mobility which concern the urban nobility as well as the craftsmen. Finally, this research replaces Rome in the wider context of the Italian urban world, by trying to underline its specificities or its conformity to the models of northern and southern Italy
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Howie, Catriona V. "Abbatial elections : the case of the Loire Valley in the eleventh century". Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/6811.
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This thesis examines a series of documents described as electoral charters, produced in monastic institutions of the Loire Valley from the late tenth to late eleventh centuries. By considering the variations in the formulas used for each charter, the study considers what the charters were saying about power or wanted to project about the powers at play in the events they described. Through this, the thesis demonstrates that the power of lordship projected by such documents was of a very traditional nature throughout the period in which they were being produced. The count's role on each occasion showed him to be a dominant force with a power of lordship composed of possession and rights of property ownership, but also intangible elements, including a sacral interest. By considering the context of events surrounding each charter of election, the thesis demonstrates that elements of this lordship could be more or less projected at different times in order that different statements might be made about the count. Thus, the symbolic expressions of power appear to have been bigger elements or more strongly emphasised in periods when the count's political or military power was under pressure. The differences in formulas used throughout the period of the charters' production demonstrate that, despite the appearance of new elements that may appear to have been important novelties, these processes were likely to have been original to proceedings, and therefore the notions of a reform of investitures taking place in the mid-eleventh century must be nuanced. Instead of demonstrating a mutation in relationships between lord and Church, the documents demonstrate an alteration in style and content, becoming more narrative and verbose and in these ways revealing elements of the process of abbatial elevations that had previously been hidden from view.
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Ågren, Karin. "Köpmannen i Stockholm : Grosshandlares ekonomiska och sociala strategier under 1700-talet". Doctoral thesis, Uppsala University, Department of Economic History, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-8328.
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The purpose of this thesis has been to describe and explain why wholesalers in Stockholm during the eighteenth century acted as they did. This analysis is built on the idea that peoples’ possibilities to act depends on the context in which they live and the person’s network. The starting-point for the analysis is an old discussion if the merchants made any difference in the transformation of society; were they a dynamic element or not?
In this thesis wholesalers’ social and economic relations are studied from different viewpoints: how they married, how their credit network was built up, and what they consumed. The wholesalers are divided into groups depending on their income. The materials used are inventories, parish registers, registers of tax-payments and biographical books.
The research shows that the differences in behaviour were small between the income groups. Most of the wholesalers married daughters of other merchants, they lent money to their own family, and they consumed more or less in the same way. There was a big economic gap between the wealthiest wholesalers and the less wealthy. Why their behaviour was nonethless so homogenous depended on their need of a network. The importance of this made them act the same.
However, the study shows one group that acted a bit differently, wholesalers who belonged to the German congregation. In several ways they were an association in themselves. And the way they act can described as dynamic. Because they did not have an obligation to the Swedish network, they could act differently.
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Jacobs-Pollez, Rebecca J. "The education of noble girls in medieval France| Vincent of Beauvais and "De eruditione filiorum nobilium"". University of Missouri - Columbia, 2013.
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Judkins, Ryan R. "Noble Venery: Hunting and the Aristocratic Imagination in Late Medieval English Literature". The Ohio State University, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1337896675.
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Pelot, Gérard. "Les derniers grands feux (?) d'une maison comtoise et bourguignonne : Guillaume de Vienne, seigneur de Saint-Georges et de Sainte-Croix, 1362-1437". Thesis, Besançon, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012BESA1040/document.
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Le personnage s'inscrit dans l'histoire de la seconde Maison de Vienne (depuis le milieu du XIIIe siècle), issue des comteséponymes, peu étudiée. Les diverses branches furent animées par quelques personnagesprestigieux, comme Jean de Vienne, amiral de France. Trois faits : la mort de l'amiral(Nicopolis, 1396), le fabuleux héritage de son frère Huguenin, et une robuste santé, permirentà Guillaume de s'affirmer comme "chef " de la Maison de Vienne. Il se distingua par unservice multiforme (militaire, diplomatique, de conseil) auprès des ducs de BourgognePhilippe le Hardi, Jean sans Peur et Philippe le Bon, de 1379 à sa mort, et par une gestionavisée de son immense patrimoine terrien, dans le Duché (presque toute la Bresselouhannaise ; Arc-en-Barrois ; sans doute le premier revenu domanial duchois), et dans leComté, auquel il faut ajouter deux hôtels, à Dijon et à Paris. Olivier de La Marche propagea larenommée de Guillaume de Vienne "le Grand" et "le Sage". Ses deux épouses successives lefirent entrer dans des familles prestigieuses : Thoire-Villars (alliée aux comtes de Genève) etles Dauphins d'Auvergne. Sur les champs de bataille et comme diplomate, le "sire de SaintGeorge" connut la gloire et la célébrité : de l'Ecosse à Mahdia (en l'actuelle Tunisie), de laNormandie à Milan, il s'affirma comme un haut cadre de l'Etat bourguignon en gestation.Comblé d'honneurs par les Ducs ( ordre de l'Arbre d'or en 1403, premier nommé chevalier del'ordre de la Toison d'or en 1430), recevant la plus forte pension ( 3000 francs/an), intime deces souverains, il fut aussi un membre actif du Grand conseil royal et gouverneur des deuxBourgognes ; il s'illustra à la croisade (Mahdia, 1390), au service de l'Eglise (familier deClément VII ; chef de l'ambassade bourguignonne au concile de Constance (1415) ;bienfaiteur de Colette de Corbie pour la fondation de plusieurs couvents) et fut le dernierBourguignon auquel s'adressa Jean sans Peur sur le pont de Montereau (1419). Sa secondeépouse lui donna un fils, lui aussi prénommé Guillaume, et seigneur de Saint-Georges et deSainte-Croix à la mort de son père – ce qui a posé problème à plus d'un historien. Cepersonnage, pourvu d'une solide formation, militaire mais aussi intellectuelle (envoyé en"Allemagne" pour y apprendre la langue), connut une foudroyante ascension, du vivant de sonpère, au service de Jean sans Peur puis de Philippe le Bon. Non moins foudroyante fut, dès1440, la dilapidation du patrimoine mobilier et immobilier du "sire de Saint-George" par lenouveau Guillaume de Vienne et son fils Jean, lesquels menèrent, semble-t-il, une viedissolue, et tombèrent dans les rets de multiples profiteurs, au premier chef les "légistes etgens de finances". Marguerite de Vienne, une soeur de Jean, fut bien près d'épouser le comted'Eu, beau-frère de Philippe le Bon. Elle s'unit à Rodolphe de Hochberg, issu d'une puissantefamille de Forêt Noire, et devenu comte de Neuchâtel en succession de son cousin Jean,comte de Fribourg et maréchal de Bourgogne. Marguerite et Rodolphe unirent leurs efforts etparvinrent à reconstituer une bonne partie du patrimoine seigneurial de "Guillaume de Viennele Grand", qu'ils transmirent à leur fils Philippe, célèbre par ses états de service auprès deCharles le Téméraire puis de Louis XI. La fille de Philippe, Jeanne de Hochberg, par sonmariage apporta l'héritage à la famille d'Orléans-Longueville. D'autres branches "Vienne"s'éteignirent, mais une semblable étude permettrait de sortir de l'ombre des personnages decette Maison, comme Guillaume de Vienne, seigneur de Montby et de Montbis (décédé en1471), les Vienne seigneurs de Listenois (Bourbonnais), sans oublier Girard (mort en 1545),seigneur de Commarin, fondateur de la chapelle de Vienne en la Sainte-Chapelle de DijonThe character fits into the history of the Second House Vienna (since the mid-thirteenth century), from the countseponymous little studied. The various branches were animated by some famous characterslike Jean de Vienne, admiral of France. Three facts: the death of Admiral (Nicopolis, 1396),the fabulous legacy of his brother Huguenin, and robust health, allowed William to assertitself as "leader" of the House of Vienna. He distinguished himself by service multiforme(military, diplomatic, counseling) from the Dukes of Burgundy, Philip the Bold, John theFearless and Philip the Good, from 1379 to his death, and by careful management of hisimmense estates with the Duchy (almost all Bresse louhannaise; Arc-en-Barrois, probably thefirst Income duchois lands), and the county, which must be added two hotels in Dijon andParis. Olivier de la Marche spread the fame of Guillaume de Vienne "Grand" and "wisdom."His two successive wives brought him into prestigious families: Thoire-Villars (allied to theCounts of Geneva) and Dolphins Auvergne. On the battlefield and as a diplomat, the "lord ofSaint George" achieved fame and stardom: from Scotland to Mahdia (in present-day Tunisia),from Normandy to Milan, he established himself as a high part of the Burgundian State ingestation. Loaded with honors by the Dukes (order of the Golden Tree in 1403, the firstknight of the Order of the Golden Fleece in 1430), receiving the highest pension (3000 francs/ year), intimate the sovereign, he was also an active member of the Grand Council of Royaland Governor of the two Burgundies, he distinguished himself in the Crusades (Mahdia,1390), in the service of the Church (familiar Clement VII head of the embassy Burgundy theCouncil of Constance (1415), benefactor of Colette of Corbie to the founding of severalmonasteries) and was the last Bourguignon which John the Fearless spoke on the bridge ofMontereau (1419). His second wife bore him a son, also named William, and lord of Saint-Georges and St. Croix in the death of his father - which was a problem in more than onehistorian. This character provided a solid background, but also military intellectual (sent in"Germany" to learn the language), had a startling rise in the lifetime of his father, in theservice of John the Fearless and Philip the Good. No less startling was from 1440, thesquandering of movable and immovable property of the "Comte de Saint-George" the newGuillaume de Vienne and his son John, who led, it seems, a dissolute life, and fell into thesnares of multiple riders, primarily the "forensic people and finances." Vienna Marguerite,sister of John, was very close to marrying the Count of Eu, brother of Philip the Good. Shejoins Rudolph Hochberg, from a powerful family in the Black Forest, and became Count ofNeuchâtel in succession to his cousin John, Count of Burgundy and Marshal of Fribourg.Marguerite and Rudolf joined forces and managed to rebuild much of the stately heritage"Guillaume Grand Vienna", they transmitted to their son Philippe, famous for his service toCharles the Bold and Louis XI. Philippe's daughter, Jeanne de Hochberg, by his marriagebrought the family legacy of Orleans-Longueville. Other branches "Vienna" went out, butsuch a study would emerge from the shadows of the characters in this House, as Guillaume deVienne, lord of Montby and Montbis (d. 1471), the Vienna lords Listenois (Bourbonnais),without forgetting Girard (d. 1545), lord of Commarin, founder of the Vienna Chapel of theSainte-Chapelle in Dijon
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Puente, Luna José Carlos de la. "Garrett, David T. Shadows of Empire: The Indian Nobility of Cuzco, 1750-1825. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2005, 300 pp". Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2012. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/121833.
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Ferrier-Viaud, Pauline. "Pouvoir, présence et action de femmes. Les épouses des ministres au temps de Louis XIV". Thesis, Paris 4, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA040059.
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« Pouvoir, présence et action » : chacune de ces trois notions renvoie à la capacité d’un individu à entreprendre. Cette capacité d’action des femmes est particulièrement encadrée dans la France d’Ancien Régime, autant par les normes juridiques que par les représentations mentales qui affirment l’inégalité entre les sexes et la supériorité des hommes. Le présent travail a pour buts l’examen des limites de la subordination féminine et l’affirmation de la possibilité d’action des femmes, dans le cadre d’une étude globale consacrée aux épouses des ministres au temps de Louis XIV. Les spécificités du groupe d’étude fondent l’essence de la réflexion : il s’agit d’analyser la possibilité d’action de femmes de la noblesse dans la France du XVIIe siècle, dans le cadre spécifique de mariages les unissant à des hommes exerçant une fonction de type ministériel lors du règne personnel de Louis XIV. Il s’agit donc d’analyser les conditions d’un pouvoir conjugal, familial et social au féminin, puis de définir les domaines dans lesquels les épouses des ministres apparaissent en tant qu’actrices. L’étude vise également à observer les attitudes des couples ministériels afin de déterminer des invariants permettant de comprendre ce que signifie être l’épouse d’un ministre au temps de Louis XIV. L’ancrage historique, juridique, économique, familial et social de ces femmes constitue un sujet d’analyse essentiel pour comprendre la place qu’elles ont occupée dans leur couple, dans leur famille, à la cour, dans la société. Le sujet invite donc à dépasser la description des activités de femmes pour les inscrire dans une histoire du couple, de la société de cour et de la noblesse au Grand Siècle« Power, presence and action » : each of these three notions refers to each individual's capacity to take action. The ability to take action is particularly supervised for women in France under the Ancien Régime, notably under the legal norm, as well as the mental representations which maintain the inequality between sexes and men's superiority. The aims of this present work are to examine the limits of feminine subordination and the affirmation of the the ability for women to take action, within the framework of a global study focused on the ministers' wives under Louis 14th. The specifications of the study group are the essence of the reflection : the idea is to analyse noblewomen's opportunity to take action in 17th century France, more specifically in the framework of the marriages joining them to men practicing a ministerial function under Louis 14th. Therefore the matter at hand is to analyse the conditions of marital, family and social power in a feminine form, then define the areas in which the ministers' wives appear as actors. The study also aims to observe the ministerial couples' attitudes to determine some constants, allowing us to understand what it meant to be a minister's spouse in the time of Louis 14th. The historical, legal, economical, family and social anchoring of these women form an essential subject of analysis to understand the place they occupied in their couple, in their family, at court and in society. The subject therefore invites us to go beyond the description of women's activities to write them in a history of relationship, court society and the Grand Siècle nobility
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Couhault, Pierre. "Et les premiers furent nommés Honneur et Foi... : l'office d'armes dans la monarchie des Habsbourg au XVIe siècle, entre mythes et réalités". Thesis, Paris 4, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA040181.
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Au moyen âge et au début de l’époque moderne, un groupe de personnes se présentait comme les serviteurs de toute la noblesse : les hérauts. Ces personnages en apparence inférieurs se trouvaient investis de fonctions importantes pour l’identité des nobles et du prince. À la Renaissance, malgré un déclin certain cet office continua à exister et à servir princes et nobles dans un contexte d’évolution importantes. Auprès des Habsbourg, ils participèrent notamment aux guerres de Charles Quint, à la sédentarisation et à l’hispanisation de la cour sous Philippe II et à la révolte des Pays-Bas. A travers eux, c’est l’histoire du principat des premiers grands Habsbourg et de leur noblesse que l’on peut devinerDuring the middle-ages and the early modern period, a group of person was claiming to be the servants of the whole noble order. They were the heralds. Several important functions related with the identity of the prince and his nobility were associated with these apparently inferior persons. During the Renaissance, in spite of a manner of decline, this officeremained in existence and continued to serve both princes and nobles. The evolutions of these two traditionnal groups were nonetheless important. At the court of the Hapsburg, the heralds took part in particular in the wars of Charles V, in the sedentarisation an hispanisation of the court of Philip II and in the Dutch revolt. Through these persons, the history of the reign of the two first Hapsburg reveals itself
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Bureaux, Guillaume. "Union et désunion de la noblesse en parade. Le rôle des Pas d'armes dans l'entretien des rivalités chevaleresques entre cours princières occidentales, XVe-XVIe siècles (Anjou, Bourgogne, France, Saint-Empire)". Thesis, Normandie, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018NORMR142/document.
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Apparus en 1428 en Espagne, le Pas d’armes est un parfait exemple de l’indéniable intérêt porté par la noblesse, de la fin du Moyen Âge et du début de la Renaissance, aux arts martiaux, littéraires et théâtraux. Il s’agit, en réalité, d’une évolution de la joute et du tournoi au cours duquel un ou plusieurs chevaliers est volontaire pour garder un carrefour, une porte ou tout autre lieux symbolique. Pour différencier ces exercices des joutes, les organisateurs publient des chapitres, ou lettres d’armes, plusieurs mois en avance. Ils sont souvent constitués de deux parties, la première venant placer les chevaliers assaillants et défenseurs dans un univers magique et fantastique, le seconde présentant les règles du jeu. Notons également que la majeure partie des Pas plonge les chevaliers dans un monde fictionnel, en particulier inspire de la légende arthurienne, grâce aux chapitres, aux décors et, naturellement, aux costumes. Témoignages des contacts transculturels existent entre les cours d’Anjou et de Bourgogne avec celles d’Espagne, les Pas d’armes sont organisés à des moments décisifs pour les cours, qu’il s’agisse de mariages, de traités de paix ou d’un temps d’après-guerre ; et tous remplissent un rôle commun : mettre en lumière l’unité chevaleresque autour du Prince et de son pouvoir. Invariablement, c’est le Prince qui sort vainqueur des événements qui ont lieux au sein de sa cour. Il s’agit essentiellement pour le prince de mettre en scène son pouvoir dans ce « jeu-mimique » où l’important n’est pas tant le combat que le spectacle et la mise en lumière du pouvoir princier, tant culturel, financier que militaireAppearing in 1428 in Spain, the Pas d’Armes are a real example of the undeniable interest held by the nobility of the end of the Middle Ages and the beginning of the Renaissance in the arts of warfare, in literature, and theater. It is in reality an evolution of the joust and tournament in which one or several knights volunteer to keep a crossroad, a door or another symbolic place. To differ from the joust, the organizers publish chapters, or letters of weapons, several months in advance. They consisted of two parts, the first one coming to place the knights defenders and aggressors in a magic and fantastic universe, the second containing rules to be followed. It is also necessary to note that the great majority of Pas place the knights in a fictional world, in particular regarding Arthurian legend, by means of chapters, present scenery around the lists and, naturally, costumes. Testimonies of transcultural contacts between the Valois ‘courts of Anjou and Burgundy and Spanish courts, the Pas d’armes are organized at courtly decisive moments like marriages, treaties of peace or just after a war, all the Pas d’armes had a common role : to highlight the unity of knighthood around the Prince and his power. On each occasion is the Prince who emerges victorious from all the entertainment organized at his court. Essentially, it is a way for the prince to dramatize his power in this “game – mimicry” where the important thing was not so much the fighting but the scenery and the highlighting of cultural, financial and military power of the court