Gotowe bibliografie tematyczne / Nickel Tellurium

Gotowa bibliografia na temat „Nickel Tellurium”

Autor: Grafiati

Data publikacji: 22 czerwca 2024

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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat "Nickel Tellurium":

Mu, Yannan, Qian Li, Pin Lv, Yanli Chen, Dong Ding, Shi Su, Liying Zhou, Wuyou Fu i Haibin Yang. "Fabrication of NiTe films by transformed electrodeposited Te thin films on Ni foils and their electrical properties". RSC Adv. 4, nr 97 (2014): 54713–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4ra11246f.

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Zhang, Dong, i Mats Johnsson. "Nickel vanadium tellurium oxide, NiV2Te2O10". Acta Crystallographica Section C Crystal Structure Communications 65, nr 4 (7.03.2009): i9—i10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0108270109006817.

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Belozerova, A. A., A. V. Mayorova i M. N. Bardina. "Study of matrix interference in the determination of selenium and tellurium in ICP-AES in metallurgical materials". Industrial laboratory. Diagnostics of materials 89, nr 5 (26.05.2023): 19–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.26896/1028-6861-2023-89-5-19-27.

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The content of selenium and tellurium used in steels and alloys as alloying additives is strictly regulated by the current state standards. The methods of analysis used in state standards are often lengthy and laborious and do not provide their simultaneous determination. Development of alternative methods for the determination of selenium and tellurium in metallurgical materials using modern analytical equipment is an urgent goal. The method of atomic emission spectrometry with inductively coupled plasma (ICP-AES) is widely used in analysis of metallurgical materials. However, the components of the sample base can significantly affect the results of ICP-AES analysis. We present the results of theoretical and experimental study of the effect of the components of the base of samples of metallurgical materials (iron, nickel, chromium, molybdenum, cobalt, copper, tungsten) on the spectral analytical lines of selenium and tellurium. Thermodynamic modeling was used for theoretical prediction of the processes occurring during atomization of the analyzed solutions in argon plasma. It is shown that matrix non-spectral noise on the selenium line is attributed to chromium (at chromium concentrations above 50 mg/dm3), whereas the matrix non-spectral noise on the tellurium line is not observed. It is also shown experimentally that the spectral lines of selenium and tellurium are not free from spectral overlaps attributed to macrocomponents (iron, nickel, chromium, molybdenum, cobalt, copper and tungsten). To reduce the limits of detection and improve the reliability of ICP-AES determination of selenium and tellurium, it is necessary to separate them from the components of the sample base.

Xie, Yi. "Tellurium Corrosion of Type 304/304L Stainless Steel, Iron, Chromium, and Nickel in High-Temperature Liquid Sodium". Materials 16, nr 20 (21.10.2023): 6798. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma16206798.

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Investigating tellurium (Te) corrosion on structural materials is crucial for sodium-cooled fast reactors (SFRs) due to radionuclide presence and knowledge gaps. In this study, Type 304/304L stainless steel (SS304), chromium (Cr), iron (Fe), and nickel (Ni) samples were immersed in low-oxygen environments with Te in liquid sodium at 773 K for 30 days. At 10 ppm oxygen, SS304 showed multiple oxide layers, including a compact NaCrO2 interlayer and porous Na-Fe-Ni-O outer layers. Tellurium penetrated through the porous layers but was hindered by the NaCrO2 interlayer. At 0.01 ppm oxygen, Cr had no oxide layer, while Fe and Ni had unstable ones. Tellurium-induced pitting was deeper in Fe and Ni compared to Cr. Oxygen levels and Cr composition are critical factors affecting stable oxide compound layer formation and mitigating Te-induced pitting.

Manuylov, Viktor, Pavel Lukashov, Nina Sosnovskaya i Nikolay Korchevin. "3,5-DIMETHYL-1,4-THIATELLURINE: SYNTHESIS, ISOMERIZATION, PREPARATIONMETHYL DERIVATIVES AND THEIR USE IN THEELECTROLYTENICKELPLATING". Modern Technologies and Scientific and Technological Progress 2022, nr 1 (16.05.2022): 29–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.36629/2686-9896-2022-1-29-30.

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A method for obtaining 3,5-dimethyl-1,4-thiatellurine has been developed. The 1H NMR method shows the presence of two isomers in the product. By reaction with methyl iodide, tellurium salts were obtained, which showed an effect on the quality of the coatings obtained during electrochemical nickel plating

Banerjee, Pushan, i B. Ghosh. "A Contacting Technology to Magnetic Semiconductors". Advances in Science and Technology 52 (październik 2006): 31–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ast.52.31.

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The present paper describes the contacting technology to the diluted magnetic semiconductor Cd1-xMnxTe having potential applications in optoelectronic and spintronic devices. For efficient spin injection into a spintronic material, a matching ohmic contact is the demand of the time. Since cadmium telluride has a well-known contact problem, its manganese-doped counterpart is also facing a similar difficulty. In the present case Cd1-xMnxTe was fabricated using thermally assisted interdiffusion and compound formation between repeated stacked elemental layers of manganese, cadmium and tellurium. A wet electroless deposition technique was employed to deposit manganese doped nickel phosphide as a magnetic contact onto Cd1-xMnxTe. It appeared that the contact resistivity improved compared to the case of gold contact. The details of the contacting technology and the results have been described in the text of the paper.

Mujagić, Derviš, Omer Beganović i Belma Fakić. "TELLURIUM MICROALLOYING OF AUSTENITE STAINLESS STEEL X8CrNiS18-9". Journal of Sustainable Technologies and Materials 3, nr 5 (31.12.2023): 33–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.57131/jstm.2023.5.5.

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<p>More recently modified stainless steels have been used to produce various structural elements that work in complex operating conditions. Stainless steel X8CrNiS18-9 (standard EN 10088-3) is the most commonly used from the group of austenitic stainless steel in terms of machinability. This steel has high mechanical and working properties thanks to a complex alloying, primarily with elements such as chromium and nickel. The content of sulphur present in the steel from 0.15 to 0.35% improves machinability. However, sulphur at the same time decreases the mechanical properties, particularly toughness. In steel, tellurium stabilizes carbides and reduces the microporosity of the structure. Also, tellurium is now recognized as a powerful sulphur modifier as well as a machinability additive when used in combination with lead and sulphur. This work aims to determine the influence of tellurium on the machinability, corrosion resistance and mechanical properties of the mentioned steel.</p>

Mujagić, Derviš, Aida Imamović i Mustafa Hadažalić. "PROPERTIES OF AUSTENITE STAINLESS STEEL MICROALLOYED WITH TELLURIUM AND ZIRCONIUM". Journal of Sustainable Technologies and Materials 1, nr 1 (31.12.2021): 20–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.57131/jstm.2021.1.3.

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Stainless steel X8CrNiS18-9 (standard EN 10088-3: 2005) is the most commonly used austenitic stainless steel due to its good machinability. This steel has high mechanical and working properties thanks to complex alloying, primarily with the elements such as chromium and nickel. The content of sulfur present in the steel from 0.15 to 0.35% improves machinability. Microalloying with tellurium and zirconium (individually and in combination) in most cases leads to improved properties of this stainless steel, compared to melt without alloying additives, e.g. the melt microalloyed with tellurium and especially melt microalloyed with zirconium and tellurium has significantly better machinability compared to the melt without alloying elements. The addition of sulfur, which is the cheapest available additive for free machining, will impair not only the transverse strength and toughness but also the corrosion resistance. However, while sulfur improves machinability at the same time decreases the mechanical properties, particularly toughness. This work aims to test the machinability, corrosion resistance, and mechanical properties of the mentioned steel, as well as the chemical composition of non-metallic inclusions.

Rathee, Nitu, i Krishan Verma. "Studies on nickel (II) and palladium (II) complexes with some tetraazamacrocycles containing tellurium". Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society 77, nr 3 (2012): 325–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jsc101211200r.

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The synthesis of 10-membered and 12-membered tellurium containing tetraazamacrocyclic complexes of divalent nickel and palladium by template condensation of diaryltellurium dichlorides, (aryl = p-hydroxyphenyl, 3-methyl-4-hydroxyphenyl, p-methoxyphenyl) with 1,2-diaminoethane and 1,3-diaminopropane in the presence of metal dichloride is reported. The resulting complexes have been subjected to elemental analyses, magnetic measurements, electronic absorption, infra-red, and proton magnetic resonance spectral studies. The formation of proposed macrocyclic skeletons and their donor sites have been identified on the basis of spectral studies. Distorted octahedral structure for the nickel complexes in the solid state and squareplanar structure for the palladium complexes have been suggested.

Wang, C. Y., H. Han, D. Wickramaratne, W. Zhang, H. Wang, X. X. Ye, Y. L. Guo, K. Shao i P. Huai. "Diffusion of tellurium at nickel grain boundaries: a first-principles study". RSC Advances 7, nr 14 (2017): 8421–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6ra28435c.

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The atomic structures, stabilities, segregation behaviors and diffusion barriers of Te are studied for the bulk, surfaces and four kinds of GBs of nickel. Te behavior is found to be very sensitive to the GB type. The effect of strain on diffusion is strong for different GBs.

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Rozprawy doktorskie na temat "Nickel Tellurium":

Ksila, Wafa. "Préparation, caractérisation et réactivité de catalyseurs xerogels et aerogels à base de zirconium, d’aluminium et de porosité contrôlée pour les réactions d’estérification et d’hydrogénation". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lille (2018-2021), 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021LILUR039.

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Les oxydes de zirconium et d’aluminium sont des matériaux de grande stabilité thermique dans des conditions différentes et ont une surface dotée de sites acido-basiques modulables. La modification de ces oxydes par un oxo-anion, par une fonction acide et/ou métallique leur donne plus de stabilité, inhibe le frittage et développe l’acidité de leur surface et par suite ils peuvent être utilisés dans plusieurs réactions catalytiques en tant que phase active ou support.Les travaux de cette thèse portent sur la synthèse, la caractérisation et la valorisation de deux types de catalyseurs xerogels et aerogels à base d’oxydes de zirconium et d’aluminium. Nous avons fait le choix d’utiliser l’acide tellurique comme modulateur de l’acidité des supports à base de zircone et d’alumine et d’associer le nickel à l’acide tellurique pour faire des phases de tellure de nickel sur ces supports permettant la réaction d’isomérisation.Dans un premier volet, des catalyseurs xerogels et aerogels à base de zircone et d’alumine dopées par l’acide tellurique ont été synthétisés par voie « sol-gel » puis caractérisés et valorisés dans la réaction d’estérification de l’acide acétique par l’alcool benzylique comme réaction modèle pour la synthèse de biodiesel. Une étude cinétique et mécanistique ainsi que la détermination des grandeurs thermodynamiques pour la réaction d’estérification ont été réalisées en présence du catalyseur ayant les meilleures performances catalytiques.Le second volet de cette thèse porte sur la synthèse des catalyseurs xerogels et aerogels à base de zircone et d’alumine dopées par l’acide tellurique et les nitrates de nickel en une seule étape, toujours synthétisés par voie « sol-gel ». Ces catalyseurs ont été caractérisés puis testés dans la réaction d’hydrogénation isomérisation du 1-hexene comme réaction modèle pour la reformulation d’essence. Nous montrerons que la présence de nickel dans la préparation empêche la formation d’une phase Zr-Te, caractérisée sur le support seul modifié par l’acide tellurique
Zirconium and aluminum oxides are materials of great thermal stability under different conditions and have a surface with modulable acid-base sites. The modification of these oxides by an oxo-anion, by an acid and / or metallic function gives them more stability, inhibits sintering and develops the acidity of their surface and consequently they can be used in several catalytic reactions as active phase or support.The work of this thesis focuses on the synthesis, characterization and upgrading of two types of xerogels and aerogels catalysts based on zirconium and aluminum oxides. Telluric acid was chosen as a modulator of the acidity of supports based on zirconia and alumina. Nickel was combined with telluric acid to make nickel tellurium phases on these supports, allowing the isomerization reaction.In a first part, xerogels and aerogels catalysts based on zirconia and alumina doped with telluric acid were synthesized by the “sol-gel” route then characterized and tested in the esterification reaction of acetic acid by benzyl alcohol as a model reaction for the synthesis of biodiesel. A kinetic and mechanistic study as well as the determination of the thermodynamic quantities for the esterification reaction were carried out in the presence of the catalyst having the best catalytic performance.The second part of this thesis focuses on the synthesis of zirconia and alumina-based xerogels and aerogels catalysts doped with telluric acid and nickel nitrates in one-pot, always synthesized by the "sol-gel" route. These catalysts were characterized and then tested in the isomerization hydrogenation reaction of 1-hexene as a model reaction for gasoline reformulation. We will show that the presence of nickel in the preparation prevents the formation of a Zr-Te phase, characterized on the support alone modified by telluric acid

Liu, Jianfei. "Selective Deposition of Metallic and Semiconductor Materials onto DNA Templates for Nanofabrication". BYU ScholarsArchive, 2011. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/3143.

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This work examines the selective deposition of metallic and semiconductor materials onto DNA templates for the fabrication of nanodevices. DNA origami provides a simple and robust method for folding DNA into a variety of shapes and patterns and makes it possible to create the complex templates needed for nanodevices, such as nanoelectronic circuits, plasmonics, and nanosensors. Metallization of DNA origami templates is essential for the fabrication of such nanodevices. In addition, selective deposition of semiconductor materials onto the DNA template is of importance for making many nanodevices such as nanocircuits. Metallization of DNA origami presents several challenges beyond those associated with the metallization of other DNA templates such as λ-DNA. All of these challenges were addressed in this study. DNA origami templates were seeded with Ag and then plated with Au via electroless deposition. Selective continuous metal deposition was achieved, with an average metallized height as small as 32 nm. The structure of T-shaped DNA origami was also retained after metallization. Following the metallization of complete origami, site-specific metallization of branched DNA origami was also demonstrated. To achieve this, staple strands at select locations on origami were replaced with staple strands modified with binding sites at the end. These binding sites then attached to thiolated DNA coated Au nanoparticles through base pairing. The continuous Au nanowires formed at designated sites on DNA origami after Au plating had an average width of 33 nm, with the smallest ones ~20 nm wide. The continuity of nanowires was verified by conductivity tests- the only tests of this nature of which I am aware. Moreover, predesigned sites on "circuit-shaped" DNA origami were successfully metallized. The selective deposition of a variety of materials onto DNA templates for the formation of continuous DNA-templated nanowires was also demonstrated. Specifically, an electroless Ni plating solution was developed to enable the fabrication of uniform and continuous DNA-templated Ni nanowires. Tests showed that these DNA-templated Ni nanowires were conductive. Moreover, continuous DNA-templated Bi2Te3 and/or Te nanowires have been fabricated through galvanic displacement of DNA-templated Ni and Cu nanowires. Altogether, these results represent important progress toward the realization of DNA-templated nanofabrication.

Malik, M. S. "Comparative studies of the electronic properties of copper tellurite glasses containing nickel, cobalt and lutetium oxides and cupric chloride". Thesis, Brunel University, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.235019.

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Chang, Chia-Ni, i 張佳妮. "The Determination of Zinc and Tellurium in Pure Copper and Nickel-based Alloys by Atomic Absorption Spectrometry". Thesis, 2001. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/89145112322413768702.

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碩士
靜宜大學
應用化學系
90
In this research, atomic absorption methods for the determinations of zinc and tellurium in pure copper and nickel-based alloys were established. Different analytes were determined with different atomizers. Both nickel-based alloys and pure copper are composed of several metals and non-metals. Complex matrices made the analysis difficult. The goal of this research was to develop an ideal pretreatment method for the most sensitive and best experimental results. FIAS-HGAAS was used to determine the tellurium content in pure copper. Cupferron-extraction was used to remove the interference from copper matrix. Reliable results were obtained after the negative deviation effect from copper was eliminated. GFAAS was used to determine zinc in pure copper and nickel-based alloys. Because zinc was unstable in high temperature, the results were irreproducible and were lower than the certified values. EDTA modifier was proved effective in getting more precise and accurate results by forming a more stable EDTA complex in the pyrolysis process. The pyrolysis temperature was increase by 200~300℃. The results obtained from the calibration curves and the standard addition methods for Tracealloy A, B, and C were compared. Both results were closed and good enough to confirm the results. The results settled in 95% confidence range. The recovery was in 96~102% with R.S.D. of 0.061%. The proposed methods gave good accuracy and precision.

Tseng, Shao-Yu, i 曾紹瑜. "Diffusion Barrier Effect of Nickel and Cobalt Layers between Bismuth Telluride and Copper and Their Influence on Thermoelectric Properties". Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/44569422096285933313.

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碩士
國立中興大學
材料科學與工程學系所
99
In this study, Ni、Co diffusion barriers and Cu film were deposited onto Bi2Te3 bulk by RF magnetron sputter. The cross section of sample are Cu/Ni/Bi2Te3/Ni/Cu and Cu/Co/Bi2Te3/Co/Cu, respectively. Then Annealed at 200°C for 1、2、3、4、16 hours and 1、4、8、16 hours. The crystallized films were 100 nm, respectively., Enhanced crystallization and the compounds produced after heat treatment. The characteristic peak of NiTe2 were (011) and (002) at 31.86°and 33.3°. Ni diffusion barrier failed after annealed 4 hours, as obtained using depth profiling. Co diffusion barrier formed a more stable interface with Bi2Te3, even though annealed after 16 hours. The electric conductivity of 290±2 S/cm, the optimum Seebeck coefficient of 71±1 μV/K, and the optimum power factor of 1.48×10-4 W/K2m for Ni diffusion barrier after annealed 1 hour. The electric conductivity of 381±5 S/cm, the optimum Seebeck coefficient of 51±1.8 μV/K, and the optimum power factor of 9.94×10-5 W/K2m for Co diffusion barrier after annealed 1 hour.

Książki na temat "Nickel Tellurium":

Division, India Mineral Economics, i Indian Bureau of Mines, red. Status of special alloy metals in India: Cadmium, cobalt, molybdenum, nickel, niobium (columnium) & tantalum, selenium & tellurium, tin, titanium, tungsten and vandadium. Nagpur: Controller-General, Indian Bureau of Mines, 1998.

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Malik, Mohammad Suleman. Comparative studies of the electronic properties of copper tellurite glasses containing nickel, cobalt and lutetium oxides and cupric chloride. Uxbridge: Brunel University, 1989.

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Części książek na temat "Nickel Tellurium":

Pardasani, R. T., i P. Pardasani. "Magnetic properties of nickel(II) tellurite complex". W Magnetic Properties of Paramagnetic Compounds, Magnetic Susceptibility Data, Volume 3, 17–18. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-62470-8_2.

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Farisya Nadira, S. K., H. Nurhafizah, N. H. Ahmad i Nurul Nadia Adnan. "Structural Properties of Lithium-Niobium-Calcium Tellurite Glass Doped with Nickel Oxide: Computational Analysis". W Springer Proceedings in Physics, 175–85. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-8903-1_18.

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Kawęcki, R. "Using Diethylzinc and Nickel(II) Acetylacetonate". W Sulfur, Selenium, and Tellurium, 1. Georg Thieme Verlag KG, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/sos-sd-139-00060.

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Surabhi, Sudeshna, Kumar Anurag i S. R. Kumar. "Development and Characterization of As-Deposited CdTe Thin Films in a Non-Aqueous Medium". W Diversity and Applications of New Age Nanoparticles, 201–19. IGI Global, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-6684-7358-0.ch008.

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Cadmium telluride (CdTe) is a binary II-VI direct band gap semiconducting material. Cadmium telluride is a promising electrochemical and photovoltaic material for thin film solar cells. It shows both p and n type conductivity. A nanocrystalline thin film of CdTe was deposited on nickel plate by chemical bath deposition method containing 0.01M Cadmium acetate and 0.02M tellurium dioxide. The structural, compositional, and optical analysis were studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), scanning electron microscope (SEM), fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and photoluminescence (PL).The diffraction peak observed at 2=23.59° with (111) plane indicate the crystalline phase of CdTe film. The average crystalline size is measured to be 7nm.Compositional analysis reveals the presence of both Cd and Te elements. The EDS spectroscopy shows the ratio of Cd and Te is1:2 in case of as deposited film. The photoluminescence peak is observed at 471nm.

Emsley, John. "Other poisonous elements". W The Elements of Murder. Oxford University Press, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192805997.003.0025.

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It is often said that the dose makes the poison, and indeed if the human body is stressed with an excess of anything it will respond in a way that may ultimately damage it to such an extent that it causes its own destruction. We can even take in too much oxygen or water. Too much oxygen damages the brain and has been known to kill premature babies and deep-sea divers, while too much water has killed those who were dying of thirst and suddenly gulped it down, disrupting the salt balance in their blood which then stopped the heart muscle. While these are extreme examples, there are other less obvious elements that can be dangerous in excess, which is what this chapter is mainly about. In it we will look at those elements that are only moderately toxic and consequently have rarely been used in criminal cases. They are, in alphabetical order: barium, beryllium, cadmium, chromium, copper, fluorine, nickel, potassium, selenium, sodium, tellurium, and tin. Of course there are other deadly elements: chlorine gas, for example, has been used to kill people in warfare – see Chapter 5 – it has never to my knowledge been used to commit a murder. (On the other hand, every day it saves countless human lives by chlorinating drinking water. Then it is guilty of killing nothing more than disease-causing microbes.) An element may be encountered as the pure substance, when it is rarely toxic, as its insoluble compounds, which again are unlikely to be toxic, even if taken, or as its soluble compounds, which may well cause symptoms. The importance of solubility is well demonstrated by the first of our metals: barium. Barium can stimulate metabolism to the extent that it will cause the heart to beat erratically (known as ventricular fibrillation), and its soluble salts are highly toxic. They paralyse the central nervous system at low doses and the heart at higher doses. The symptoms of barium poisoning are vomiting, colic, diarrhoea, tremors, and paralysis. Barium has occasionally killed patients who were given the wrong barium compound as the barium meal they swallowed prior to having an X-ray taken of their stomach or gut.

Milward, John. "The “Birth” of Americana". W Americanaland, 210–27. University of Illinois Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5622/illinois/9780252043918.003.0016.

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This chapter looks at Alison Krauss, who began playing classical violin at the age of five years and turned to bluegrass after winning her first fiddle contest aged eight. Krauss won her first Grammy Award for the title song of her 1990 album I've Got That Old Feeling. By 2019, she had won twenty-seven Grammys, fourteen of them with Union Station. Krauss's success was an anomaly in the relatively cloistered world of bluegrass, where the big time meant a contract with an independent label such as Rounder or Sugar Hill and gigs at the Telluride Bluegrass Festival and Merlefest, an annual roots music event in North Carolina. Festival attendees often bring their own instruments for campground jam sessions, while the pros network backstage. That was how Krauss became acquainted with Nickel Creek, a young bluegrass trio consisting of Chris Thile (mandolin) and siblings Sara Watkins (fiddle) and Sean Watkins (guitar). Krauss produced the trio's self-titled 2000 album, an influential success that, though grounded in bluegrass, also incorporated elements of jazz, classical, folk, and rock. Americana lived in this music, and the young players would become stars of the new genre.

Rao, Y. K., i Y. Do. "Diffusion in quasi-steady-state irreversible systems; epitaxy of nickel telluride from halide vapour phase". W High-Temperature Oxidation and Sulphidation Processes, 55–69. Elsevier, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-08-040423-3.50009-4.

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Streszczenia konferencji na temat "Nickel Tellurium":

Bastola, Ebin, Khagendra P. Bhandari i Randy J. Ellingson. "Solution-Processed Nickel-Alloyed Iron Pyrite Thin Film as Hole Transport Layer in Cadmium Telluride Solar Cells". W 2017 IEEE 44th Photovoltaic Specialists Conference (PVSC). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/pvsc.2017.8366488.

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Headings, Leon M., Gregory N. Washington, Shawn Midlam-Mohler i Joseph P. Heremans. "High Temperature Multi-Fuel Combustion-Powered Thermoelectric Auxiliary Power Unit". W ASME 2009 Conference on Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures and Intelligent Systems. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/smasis2009-1290.

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With rising worldwide energy demands, there is a growing need for technologies which are able to utilize alternative forms and sources of energy as well as to reduce consumption. While energy storage technologies are rapidly advancing, they are not yet capable of matching the energy densities of combustible fuels. The internal combustion engine (ICE), coupled with a generator, is the predominant method of converting this chemical energy into electrical energy, yet the mechanical nature of this system presents performance limitations. An alternative being developed here is a combustion-powered thermoelectric generator (C-TEG) to directly convert the heat released from combustion into electricity. The solid-state nature of thermoelectric (TE) devices provides the attractive inherent benefits of reliability, fuel flexibility, controllability, and potential for power densities exceeding that of ICE/generator systems. While low material and device efficiencies have thus far limited the use of TEGs to niche applications, recently developed materials have more than doubled the TE figure of merit, a material parameter strongly influencing efficiency. The rapid rate of TE material advancements merits the parallel development of device technologies. Opportunities for a durable, multi-fuel, high power density generator make C-TEGs potential candidates for many consumer, industrial, and military power applications including automotive auxiliary power. Within the automotive field, C-TEGs may be applied in hybrid-electric vehicles to provide power during engine cycling or in conjunction with a TE waste heat recovery system to provide power on demand. With sufficient improvements in efficiency, C-TEGs may be used in plug-in hybrid-electric vehicles where the C-TEG serves as the range extender in lieu of an ICE/generator system. Another application is to provide auxiliary power in commercial vehicles. In this research, a baseline prototype was first constructed with a conventional heat exchange configuration, a commercial bismuth telluride module (maximum 225 °C), and a novel fuel atomizer. This prototype was used to develop and validate a computer simulator, identify the greatest opportunities for improvement, validate the use of the fuel atomizer with diesel fuel for TE power generation, and provide a baseline performance with which to compare system improvements. Subsequent improvements were made to increase combustion efficiency, reduce thermal losses, and characterize the heat exchangers at 500 °C for accurate simulation of the system performance with high performance lead telluride modules. In addition, multiple fuels were tested to verify multi-fuel capability and performance, and the use of a Pt/Pd combustion catalyst was tested to quantify improvements in heat exchange effectiveness.