Gotowa bibliografia na temat „Ni shang xu pu”

We report on thermal analysis and a continuous wave (CW) laser operation at (1.998µm) of end pumped Tm: YAP cylindrical laser rod. The Tm: YAP laser rod is pumped at a wavelength of 1.064 µm emitting from Nd: YAG laser source. A 3W incident pump power is used to generate a maximum laser output of 700 mW, representing 18% slope efficiency. The power of thermally induced lens in Tm:YAP laser rod is numerically analyzed and validated experimentally. The focal lengths of the thermally induced lens are directly measured using Shack-Hartmann wavefront sensor. We have detected blue up-conversion fluorescence emission before laser operation at 1.998 µm. The obtained experimental results were in good agreement with the numerical calculations. Full Text: PDF ReferencesI. F. Elder, J. Payne, "Diode-pumped, room-temperature Tm:YAP laser", Applied Optics 36 (33), 8606 (1997) CrossRef Y. Li, B. Yao, Y. Wang, Y. Ju, G. Zhao, Y. Zong, J. Xu, "High efficient diode-pumped Tm:YAP laser at room temperature", Chinese Opt. Lett. 5 (5), 286 (2007). DirectLink H. Ni, S. C. Rand, "Avalanche upconversion in Tm:YALO3", Opt. Lett. 16 (8), 1424 (1991). CrossRef Z. G. Wang, C. W. Song, Y. F. Li, Y. L. Ju, Y. Z. Wang, "CW and pulsed operation of a diode-end-pumped Tm:GdVO4 laser at room temperature", Laser Phys. Lett. 6 (2), 105 (2009). CrossRef Baoquan Yao, Yi Tian, Wei Wang, Gang Li, Yuezhu Wang, "Analysis and compensation of thermal lens effects in Tm:YAP lasers", Chinese Opt. Lett. 8 (10), 996 (2010). CrossRef F. Cornacchia, D. Parisi, C. Bernardini, M. Toncelli, "Efficient, diode-pumped Tm3+:BaY2F8 vibronic laser", Opt. Expr. 12 (9), 1982 (2004). CrossRef Xiaojin Cheng, Mi Fan, Jiandong Cao, Jianhua Shang, "Research on the thermal effect and laser resonator of diode-pumped thin-slab Tm:YAP lasers", Optik 176, 32 (2019). CrossRef W. Koechner, Solid-state Laser Engineering, Springer, (2013). DirectLink https://www.crytur.cz DirectLink http://www.laserlabcomponents.com/ DirectLink R. M. El-Agmy, N.AlHosiny, "2.31 [micro sign]m laser under up-conversion pumping at 1.064 [micro sign]m in Tm3+:ZBLAN fibre lasers", Elect. Lett. 46 (13), 936 (2010). CrossRef R. M. El-Agmy, N. M. Al-Hosiny, "870 mW blue laser emission at 480 nm in a large core thulium doped ZBLAN fiber laser", Laser Phys. 20 (4), 838 (2010). CrossRef R. M. El-Agmy, N. M. Al-Hosiny, "Power scaling of end-pumped Nd:YLF lasers, modeling and experiments", Optik 140, 584 (2017). CrossRef R. M. El-Agmy, N. Al-Hosiny, "Thermal analysis and experimental study of end-pumped Nd: YLF laser at 1053 nm", Photonic sensors 7 (4), 329 (2017). CrossRef S. C. Tidwell, J. F. Seamans, M. S. Bowers, A. K. Cousins, "Scaling CW diode-end-pumped Nd:YAG lasers to high average powers", IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 28, 997 (1992). CrossRef P. J. Hardman, W. A. Clarkson, G. J. Friel, M. Pollnau, D. C. Hanna, "Energy-transfer upconversion and thermal lensing in high-power end-pumped Nd:YLF laser crystals", IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics 35, 647 (1999). CrossRef

The capacity of transition metal oxides as Li-ion battery cathodes are limited by instabilities that arise when high states of charge are achieved1. Oxyfluorides with a disordered rock-salt structure have emerged as attractive alternatives2, but the role of F in their electrochemical function, particularly when metals reach high formal oxidation states, remains to be ascertained so far. In our recent study3, using X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy (XAS) measurements of Mn, O and F, we revealed the existence of Mn-F covalent interactions in Li2MnO2F. The results challenged the assumption of F as largely a spectator ion, providing instead a nuanced picture of redox compensation in oxyfluorides. They suggested the existence of unique knobs of design of battery cathodes in these chemical spaces, by manipulating the covalent interactions between transition metals and two different anions. To further expand the understanding of F participation in the covalent bonding and its electrochemical effect on oxyfluoride materials, we synthesized Li2CoO2F and Li2NiO2F4. Solid fluorides of ions like Co(IV) and Ni(IV) are known to be aggressive oxidizers5. Analysis of the transition metal fluoride literature reveals that oxidation states of IV and higher could lead to unstable phases for late transition metals, particularly Co or Ni5. Unlike oxides, rather than reductively releasing F2, they have a strong propensity to act as highly oxidizing F- donors6,7, being able to oxidize even other halogen cations to their VII state. Yet the oxidation of Ni(II) features prominently in oxyfluoride cathodes that were recently discovered. This puzzle and the exact role of F in modulating the formal redox chemistry of a late metal like Ni and Co in the presence of O remains to be elucidated. To address this question and determine a periodic trend on the role of a mixture of anions in improving the energy density in such cathode materials, we conducted a deep dive into Li2CoO2F and Li2NiO2F. We interrogated the covalent interaction between the oxygen 2p states, fluorine 2p states, and the transition metal 3d orbitals, and their respective contribution to the charge compensation mechanism using XAS. These two oxyfluorides data were compared with the previous Li2MnO2F data to understand the effect of varying the transition metal and how that affects the overall electrochemistry of these materials. We also have estimated the M-O and M-F hybridization and provided a periodic trend. This study allowed us to define a rule to manipulate each element in a oxyfluoride that determines the electrochemical properties of these cathode materials. References: Bak, S. M.; Hu, E.; Zhou, Y.; Yu, X.; Senanayake, S. D.; Cho, S. J.; Kim, K. B.; Chung, K. Y.; Yang, X. Q.; Nam, K. W. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 2014, 6 (24), 22594–22601. Lee, J.; Kitchaev, D. A.; Kwon, D. H.; Lee, C. W.; Papp, J. K.; Liu, Y. S.; Lun, Z.; Clément, R. J.; Shi, T.; McCloskey, B. D.; Guo, J.; Balasubramanian, M.; Ceder, G. Nature 2018, 5567700 2018, 556 (7700), 185–190. Roy, I.; Kumar, K.; Li, H.; Sunariwal, N.; Alexander, G.C.B.; Freeland, J.W.; rodolakis, F.; Cabana, J. Chem. Mater. 2023, 35, 5, 2107–2113. Xu, X.; Pi, L.; Marie, J.-J.; Rees, G. J.; Gong, C.; Pu, S.; House, R. A.; Robertson, A. W.; Bruce, P. G. J. Electrochem. Soc. 2021, 168 (8), 080521. Riedel, S.; Kaupp, M. Coord. Chem. Rev. 2009, 253 (5–6), 606–624. Bartlett, N.; Chambers, R. D.; Roche, A. J.; Spink, R. C. H.; Chacón, L.; Whalen, J. M. Chem. Comm. 1996, No. 9, 1049–1050. Lucier, G.; Shen, C.; Casteel, W. J.; Chacón, L.; Barlett, N. J. Fluor. Chem. 1995, 72 (2), 157–163.

In this paper, the influence of homeotropic and homogeneous orienting layers is presented in a cell filled with chiral nematic liquid crystals stabilized in a blue phase. The change of selective Bragg reflection from red to blue light was observed for homogeneous layers in rectangular geometries. The growth of blue phase crystals domains in a glass cell as well an influence of temperature and the electric field on such a structure, are also presented. Full Text: PDF ReferencesF. Reinitzer, Beitrage zur Kenntniss des Cholestherins, Monatsh Chem. 9, 421-441, (1888). CrossRef J. Yan, M. Jiao, L. Rao, and S.-T. Wu, "Direct measurement of electric-field-induced birefringence in a polymer-stabilized blue-phase liquid crystal composite", Opt. Express 18, 11450-11455 (2010) CrossRef Y. Chen, D. Xu, S.-T. Wu, S.-i. Yamamoto, Y. Haseba, "A low voltage and submillisecond-response polymer-stabilized blue phase liquid crystal", Appl. Phys. Lett. 102, 141116 (2013) CrossRef Y. Huang, H. Chen, G. Tan, H. Tobata, S. Yamamoto, E. Okabe, Y.-F. Lan, C.-Y. Tsai, and S.-T. Wu, "Optimized blue-phase liquid crystal for field-sequential-color displays", Opt. Mater. Express 7, 641-650 (2017) CrossRef V. Sridurai, M. Mathews, C. V. Yelamaggad, G. G. Nair, "Electrically Tunable Soft Photonic Gel Formed by Blue Phase Liquid Crystal for Switchable Color-Reflecting Mirror", ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, 9 (45), 39569-39575 (2017) CrossRef E. Oton, E. Netter, T. Nakano, Y. D.-Katayama, F. Inoue, "Monodomain Blue Phase Liquid Crystal Layers for Phase Modulation", Sci. Rep. vol.7, 44575 (2017) CrossRef Q. Liu, D. Luo, X. Zhang, S. Li, Z. Tian, "Refractive index and absorption coefficient of blue phase liquid crystal in terahertz band", Liq. Cryst., Vol. 44, No. 2, pp. 348-354 (2017) CrossRef Y. Li, Y. Liu, Q. Li, S.-T. Wu, "Polarization independent blue-phase liquid crystal cylindrical lens with a resistive film", Appl. Opt., Vol. 51, No. 14, pp. 2568-2572 (2012) CrossRef M. M. Sala-Tefelska, K. Orzechowski M. Sierakowski, A. Siarkowska, T.R. Woliński, O. Strzeżysz, P. Kula, "Influence of cylindrical geometry and alignment layers on the growth process and selective reflection of blue phase domains", Opt. Mater. 75, 211-215, (2018) CrossRef H. Claus, O. Willekens, O. Chojnowska, R. Dąbrowski, J. Beeckman, K. Neyts, "Inducing monodomain blue phase liquid crystals by long-lasting voltage application during temperature variation", Liq. Cryst. 43 (5), 688-693, (2016) CrossRef M. Takahashi, T. Ohkawa, H. Yoshida, J. Fukuda, H. Kikuchi, M. Ozaki, "Orientation of liquid crystalline blue phases on unidirectionally orienting surfaces", J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 51 (10), 104003 (2018) CrossRef P. Joshi, X. Shang, J. De Smet, E. Islamai, D. Cuypers, G. Van Steenberge, S. Van Vlierberghe, P. Dubruel, H. De Smet, "On the effect of alignment layers on blue phase liquid crystals", Appl. Phys. Lett. 106, 101105 (2015) CrossRef K. Orzechowski, M.W. Sierakowski, M. Sala-Tefelska, P. Joshi, T.R. Woliński, H.D. Smet, "Polarization properties of cubic blue phases of a cholesteric liquid crystal", Opt. Mater. 69, 259-264 (2017) CrossRef P.-J. Chen, M. Chen, S.-Y. Ni, H.-S. Chen, Y.-H. Lin, "Influence of alignment layers on crystal growth of polymer-stabilized blue phase liquid crystals", pt. Mater. Express 6, 1003-1010 (2016) CrossRef CrossRef

Šiame straipsnyje tyrinėjama klasikinio daoizmo pagrindėjų - Laozi ir Zhuangzi - idėjų transformacija įtakingoje Kinijos menininkų intelektualų (wenrenhua) estetikoje. Darbas pagrįstas autentiškais šaltiniais (klasikinio daoizmo tekstais - “Laozi”, “Zhuangzi” bei tapybos teorijos ir estetikos veikalais - Gu Kaizhi “Lun hua”(“Apie tapybą”), “Hua Yuntaishan ji” (“Užrašai apie tai, kaip tapyti Debesų terasos kalną”), Zong Bingo “Hua shanshui xu” (“Įvadas į peizažinę tapybą”), Wang Wei (415-145) “Xu hua” (“Įvadas į tapybą”), Xie He “Guhua pinlu” (“Senosios tapybos principai”), Wang Wei (701-769) “Shanshui jue” (“Peizažinės tapybos paslaptys”), “Shanshui lun” (“Apie peizažinę tapybą”, Shi Tao “Kugua heshang hualu” (“Vienuolio, vardu Kartus Moliūgas, pasakojimai apie tapybą”), Su Shi, Mi Fu, Ni Zanio, Zhao Mengfu, Dong Qichango ir kt. traktatais. Remiantis daoistiniais filosofiniais-estetiniais principais (Dao, qi (gyvybinė energija), ziran (spontaniškumas, savaimingumas), pu (pirminis paprastumas), xu (tuštumas) ir kt.) bei pamatinėmis menininkų intelektualų estetikos kategorijomis (shen (dvasia), yi (idėja-mintis), qi (gyvybinė energija), ziran (spontaniškumas, savaimingumas), pu (pirminis paprastumas), sheng (gyvybė, gyvybingumas) bei jų deriniais - zhuan shen, shenqi, shengqi ir kt.) atskleidiama, kaip Laozi ir Zhuangzi idėjos iš esmės nulėmė visą tolesnę wenrenhua estetikos sklaidą.

The globe is engulfed by one of the most extensive public health crises as COVID-19 has become a leading cause of death worldwide. COVID-19 was first detected in Wuhan, China, in December 2019, causing the severe acute respiratory syndrome. This review discusses issues related to Covid-19 vaccines, such as vaccine development targets, vaccine types, efficacy, limitations and development prospects. Keywords: Covid-19, SARS-CoV-2, vaccine, spike protein. References [1] C. Wang, P. W. Horby, F. G. Hayden, G. F. Gao, A Novel Coronavirus Outbreak of Global Health Concern, The Lancet, Vol. 395, No. 10223, 2020, pp. 470-473, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30185-9.[2] T. Singhal, A Review of Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19), The Indian Journal of Pediatrics, Vol. 87, 2020, pp. 281-286, https://doi.org/10.1007/s12098-020-03263-6.[3] World Health Organization, WHO Coronavirus (COVID-19) Dashboard, https://covid19.who.int/, (accessed on: August 21st, 2021).[4] A. 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Triggle, A Review of the Progress and Challenges of Developing a Vaccine for COVID-19, Frontiers in Immunology, Vol. 11, No. 2413, 2020, pp. 1-17, https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2020.585354.[9] G. D. Sempowski, K. O. Saunders, P. Acharya, K. J. Wiehe, B. F. Haynes, Pandemic preparedness: Developing Vaccines and Therapeutic Antibodies for COVID-19, Cell, Vol. 181, No. 7, 2020, pp. 1458-1463, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2020.05. 041.[10] A. J. R. Morales, J. A. C. Ospina, E. G. Ocampo, R. V. Peña, Y. H. Rivera, J. P. E. Antezana et al., Clinical, Laboratory and Imaging Features of COVID-19: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease, Vol. 34, 2020, pp. 101-623, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tmaid.2020.101623.[11] C. Huang, Y. Wang, X. Li, L. Ren, J. Zhao, Y. Hu et al., Clinical Features of Patients Infected with 2019 Novel Coronavirus in Wuhan, China, The Lancet, Vol. 395, No. 10223, 2020, pp. 497-506, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30183-5.[12] R. Lu, X. Zhao, J. Li, P. Niu, B. Yang, H. Wu et al., Genomic Characterisation and Epidemiology of 2019 Novel Coronavirus: Implications for Virus Origins and Receptor Binding, The Lancet, Vol. 395, No. 10224, 2020, pp. 565-574, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30251-8.[13] L. Chen, W. Liu, Q. Zhang, K. Xu, G. Ye, W. Wu et al., RNA Based mNGS Approach Identifies a Novel Human Coronavirus From Two Individual Pneumonia Cases in 2019 Wuhan Outbreak, Emerging Microbes & Infections, Vol. 9, No. 1, 2020, pp. 313-319, https://doi.org/10.1080/22221751.2020.1725399.[14] Y. Chen, Q. Liu, D. Guo, Emerging Coronaviruses: Genome Structure, Replication, and Pathogenesis, Journal of Medical Virology, Vol. 92, No. 4, 2020, pp. 418-423, https://doi.org/10.1002/jmv.25681.[15] D. R. Beniac, A. Andonov, E. 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