Rozprawy doktorskie: „New Zealand history”

1

Priestley, Rebecca Katherine. "Nuclear New Zealand: New Zealand's nuclear and radiation history to 1987". Thesis, University of Canterbury. School of Humanities, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/5007.

Pełny tekst źródła

Streszczenie:

New Zealand has a paradoxical relationship with nuclear science. We are as proud of Ernest Rutherford, known as the father of nuclear science, as of our nuclear-free status. Early enthusiasm for radium and X-rays in the first half of the twentieth century and euphoria in the 1950s about the discovery of uranium in a West Coast road cutting was countered by outrage at French nuclear testing in the Pacific and protests against visits from American nuclear-powered warships. New Zealand today has a strong nuclear-free identity – a result of the New Zealand Nuclear Free Zone, Disarmament and Arms Control Act of 1987 that prohibited nuclear weapons and nuclear warships in the country’s land, air and water – that can be traced back to the first protests against nuclear weapons in the 1940s. This thesis is based on the supposition that the “nuclear-free New Zealand” narrative is so strong and such a part of the national identity that it has largely eclipsed another story, the pre-1980s story of “nuclear New Zealand”. New Zealand’s early embracing of and enthusiasm for nuclear science and technology needs to be introduced into our national story. This thesis aims to discover and reveal that history: from the young New Zealand physicists seconded to work on the Manhattan Project; to the plans for a heavy water plant at Wairakei; prospecting for uranium on the West Coast of the South Island; plans for a nuclear power station on the Kaipara Harbour; and the thousands of scientists and medical professionals who have worked with nuclear technology. Put together, they provide a narrative history of nuclear New Zealand. Between the “anti-nuclear” voices, already well told in many histories of nuclear-free New Zealand, and the “pro-nuclear” voices revealed in this thesis, options were considered and decisions made. This thesis shows that the people with decision-making power tended to make practical decisions based on economics and national interest when it came to deciding whether or not to adopt a certain piece of nuclear technology or whether or not to participate in projects or ventures with international agencies. This eventually led to a nuclear-free policy – focused on weapons, nuclear-powered ships and waste – that since the legislation was enacted in 1987 has been interpreted ever more widely by politicians and the public to include nuclear power, uranium prospecting and many other applications of nuclear technology.

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

2

Murray, Nicky. "A history of apprenticeship in New Zealand". Lincoln University, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10182/1599.

Pełny tekst źródła

Streszczenie:

This Master's thesis is a history of apprenticeship in New Zealand. Apprenticeship has traditionally been the main route for entry into the skilled trades. At one level apprenticeship is a way of training people to do a particular job. The apprentice acquires, in a variety of formal and informal ways, the skills necessary to carry out their trade. The skills involved with each trade, tied inextricably to the technology that is used, are seen as the 'property' of the tradesperson. Learning the technical aspects of the job, however, is only a part of what goes on during an apprenticeship. The apprentice is also socialised into the customs and practices of the trade, learning implicitly and explicitly the hierarchies within the workplace, and gaining an appreciation of the status of his or her trade. Apprenticeship must also be viewed in the wider context of the relationship between labour and capital. The use of apprenticeship as an exclusionary device has implications for both worker and employer. Definitions of skill, and the ways in which technological advances are negotiated, are both dependent on the social setting of the workplace, which is mediated by social arrangements such as apprenticeship. This thesis thus traces the development of apprenticeship policies over the years, and examines within a theoretical context the debate surrounding those policies. Several themes emerge including the inadequacy of the market to deliver sustained training, the tension between educators and employers, and the importance of a tripartite accord to support efficient and equitable training. Apprenticeship has proved to be a remarkably resilient system in New Zealand. This thesis identifies factors that have challenged this resilience, such as changes in work practices and technology, and the historically small wage differentials between skilled and unskilled work. It also identifies the characteristics that have encouraged the retention of apprenticeship, such as the small-scale nature of industry in New Zealand, and the latter's distinctive industrial relations system. It is argued that benefits to both employer and worker, and the strength of the socialisation process embodied in apprenticeship, will ensure that some form of apprenticeship remains a favoured means of training young people for many of the skilled trades.

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

3

Ross, Jean C. "A history of poliomyelitis in New Zealand". Thesis, University of Canterbury. History, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/6840.

Pełny tekst źródła

Streszczenie:

Poliomyelitis as an epidemic disease passed through the Western world like some great comet. Recognised only sporadically before 1900, epidemics of polio appeared in Western communities with increasing frequency and intensity in the first half of the twentieth century. Thousands died, many more were paralysed for life. Yet by 1960 the disease was no longer feared and indeed, within a decade, was all but forgotten except by those whose lives had been directly affected. So completely had the effects of this devastating illness passed from the collective memory, that by 1980 parents had to be urged and cajoled into having their infants immunised. Little known or recognized before the twentieth century, polio has had a brief but spectacular history. It was the subject of a crusade which became “one of the greatest technical and humanistic triumphs of the age.” The story of polio is full of paradoxes. It was believed in the nineteenth century to be a recent manifestation, yet there is evidence of its appearance in antiquity. Known for many years as ‘infantile paralysis’ it was not confined to infants and was rarely paralytic. When it was paralytic, it caused the greatest morbidity and mortality amongst adults. Unlike the great scourges like typhoid, cholera or tuberculosis, epidemics of polio increased with improved hygiene and nutrition. Polio was for long considered a disease of the nervous system, but the causative agent in fact proved to be the first discovered of a huge group of entero-viruses – viruses affecting the gastro-intestinal system. Initially thought to be a rare affliction, it finally became apparent that almost all the population had suffered the disease at some time. The resultant effects of paralysis and contraction were the subject of heroic orthopaedic treatment, yet the most successful treatment was that devised by an untrained, unqualified ‘bush nurse’ from Australia. For many years an epidemic, or a threatened epidemic, could disrupt the day to day functioning of an entire country, yet it was later proved that the public health measures taken were quite ineffective. The fear it generated was partly because it was so capricious. It seemed to be the healthy and the strong who were struck down. As a noted authority wrote in 1940, “An attack of polio may be as inconsequential as measles or more agonising than death.” New Zealand was as much affected as Australia, the United States or Scandinavia. An official report recalled that “epidemic poliomyelitis was the most terrifying epidemic condition in the country and the professional and public fear was justified as no specific measure of control was known.” This study proposes to trace the history of polio in New Zealand - the course of the epidemics, its treatment, and the community's response.

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

4

Hood, David James, i n/a. "A social history of archaeology in New Zealand". University of Otago. Department of Anthropology, 1996. http://adt.otago.ac.nz./public/adt-NZDU20070530.152806.

Pełny tekst źródła

Streszczenie:

Consideration of the degree to which social factors have influenced the development of archaeology has become a recent focus of interest among archaeologists; however little work has been done on determining the relationship of social factors to archaeology in new Zealand. The aim of this thesis is to consider whether archaeologists were influenced by the surrounding New Zealand society between the years 1840 and 1954 and if so, in what manner were they influenced. In particular, consideration is given to how the social background of New Zealand archaeology compared with the social influences of British archaeology compared with the social influence of British archaeology of the time. For the purposes of the study the term archaeologist applies to all those who investigated or recovered in situ archaeological material. Lists of archaeologists of the day were compiled from journals, newspaper articles, and unpublished sources. From these lists the social background of those engaging in archaeology was reconstructed. Developments in archaeology theory and methodology were also examined, not only to determine the manner in which they effected the practise of archaeology, but also to determine the source of those developments, and the reasons for their adoption. The wider social context was also examined to determine the degree to which archaeology reflected certain factors in New Zealand society, not simply in the manner in which archaeology was carried out, but also in the reasons for which research was conducted. This study demonstrates that though the discipline, and in particular the power, was concentrated among urban professionals, the social spread of those engaging in archaeology was wide. This was particularly the case between the turn of the century and the Second World War, when archaeologists with a tertiary background were in a minority. Archaeologists were influenced both from inside and outside the field, the degree of influence being determined by individual factors. As archaeologists were a part of society, so too was society part of archaeological practice. In the manner in which archaeology was conducted the influence of societal attitudes towards women and Maori can be seen.

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

5

Pearce, Geof. "Where is New Zealand going?" Thesis, University of Canterbury. Sociology, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/1024.

Pełny tekst źródła

Streszczenie:

Marxism is often criticised for its 'outdated economics' which wrongly downplays the state's role in modern social life. This study uses readily available official statistics to test the validity of this critique. Although simple accounting principles are used, factory production data for 1923-70 is rigorously and systematically re-aggregated to approximate constant (fixed and circulating) and variable capital, manufacturers' surplus-value, capital composition, and rates of accumulation, exploitation and profit. A separate volume details all statistical operations and tabulates results. Capital accumulation is used to fix the curve of capitalist development and the interrelations between valueratios are used to explain the curve's shape. Conventional theories are also called on to explain trends in national income and factory production input/output series. Main conclusions drawn are that (1) marxism is empirically well-corroborated and (2) no consistent correlation holds between state intervention and economic growth. Marxian hypotheses concerning proletarianisation, economic concentration, class struggle, etc. are also tested systematically against New Zealand data and confirmed. In this light, and as rival theories of superior verisimilitude are absent, the criticism mentioned is rejected as unwarranted. Most NZ marxian analyses focus on superstructures, lacking objective bases for problem-formulation and solution, this study offers such a basis.

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

6

Hudson, Paul. "English emigration to New Zealand, 1839 to 1850 : an analysis of the work of the New Zealand Company". Thesis, Lancaster University, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.360644.

Pełny tekst źródła

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

7

Cipriano, Frank Walter. "Behavior and occurrence patterns, feeding ecology, and life history of dusky dolphins (Lagenorhynchus obscurus) off Kaikoura, New Zealand". Diss., The University of Arizona, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/186097.

Pełny tekst źródła

Streszczenie:

My dissertation research focused on the behavior, movement patterns, and foraging ecology of dusky dolphins (Lagenorhynchus obscurus) off the east coast of New Zealand's South Island. Information on growth, morphometrics, parasites and life history was also collected. Movement patterns and foraging behavior of New Zealand dusky dolphins were much different from those of dusky dolphins observed off the Argentine coast by Bernd Wursig, the only other study of dusky dolphin behavior. Unlike the Argentine dolphins, which cooperatively herd anchovy to the surface and contain them there for feeding, New Zealand dusky dolphins behave and forage more like Hawaiian spinner dolphins (Stenella longirostris). In summer and fall, New Zealand dusky dolphins remain near shore in morning and early afternoon hours, then move into deeper water with greatly increased activity levels in late afternoon. In winter and spring they remain farther from shore at all times of day, are found in somewhat larger groups, and appear to travel along shore more often than in other seasons. In summer, dive times of radio-tagged dolphins also varied on a daily cycle, most long dives occurring during crepuscular and night periods. Stomach contents of incidentally-netted and beachcast dolphins contained primarily a demersal fish and a few types of mesopelagic fishes and squid. Acoustic surveys along the east coast of South Island show a dense layer of mesopelagic fishes and squid that move to within 50-100 m of the surface at night. Like Hawaiian spinners, New Zealand dusky dolphins feed primarily on prey in and associated with the vertically migrating layer, probably as a means of increasing foraging efficiency. External measurements of L. obscurus specimens were analyzed using canonical variate analysis, which revealed measurements useful in discrimination of age/sex classes, including dorsal fin dimensions, and positioning of dorsal fin and flipper insertions. Tooth-section age analysis of specimens allowed construction of growth curves; life span maximum was about 35 years. The very large size of active testes (over 1 kg each) during summer breeding represents a large proportion of total body weight. Along with observations of group composition variability, this suggests a promiscuous mating system and a fluid, extended-group social system.

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

8

Barnes, Felicity. "New Zealand's London : the metropolis and New Zealand's culture, 1890-1940 /". Thesis, University of Auckland, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2292/3344.

Pełny tekst źródła

Streszczenie:

The role of London in forming New Zealand’s culture and identity is a significant feature of New Zealand’s cultural history that has, until now, been overlooked. Ties with London and with ‘Home’ generally, have received little study, and ‘Britishness’ in New Zealand is largely considered a legacy of demography to be eventually outgrown. This thesis suggests something different. During the period 1890-1940, technology changed cultural perceptions of time and space, and it changed the relationship between metropole and former colony too. These technologies drew New Zealand and London closer together. London was constructed as an active part of the New Zealand cultural landscape, rather than as a nostalgic remnant of a predominantly British-born settler population. London was New Zealand’s metropolis too, with consequences for the way New Zealand culture was shaped. This thesis considers the cultural impact of London using four tropes linked to those changing perceptions of time and space. ‘Greater New Zealand’ is concerned with space, whilst ‘“New” New Zealand’ is concerned with time. ‘London’s Farm’ and the ‘Imaginative Hinterland’ consider propinquity and simultaneity respectively. Each theme draws from different bases of evidence in order to suggest London’s broad impact. Collectively, they argue for a shift away from a core and periphery relationship, towards one better described as a city and hinterland relationship. This approach draws upon existing national, imperial, and cultural historiography, whilst at the same time questioning some of their conventions and conceptions. New Zealand as hinterland challenges the conceptual borders of ‘national history’, exploring the transnational nature of cultural formations that otherwise have been considered as autochthonous New Zealand (or for that matter, British) developments. At the same time, whilst hinterlands may exist as part of empire, they are not necessarily products of it. Nor are they necessarily formed in opposition to the metropole, even though alterity is often used to explain colonial relationships. ‘New Zealand’s London’ is, instead a reciprocal creation. Its shared cultural landscape is specific, but at the same time, it offers an alternative means for understanding other white settler colonies. Like New Zealand, their cultural histories may be more complex cultural constructions than national or imperial stories allow.
Whole document restricted, but available by request, use the feedback form to request access.

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

9

O'Donnell, David O'Donnell, i n/a. "Re-staging history : historiographic drama from New Zealand and Australia". University of Otago. Department of English, 1999. http://adt.otago.ac.nz./public/adt-NZDU20070523.151011.

Pełny tekst źródła

Streszczenie:

Since the 1980s, there has been an increasing emphasis on drama, in live theatre and on film, which re-addresses the ways in which the post-colonial histories of Australia and New Zealand have been written. Why is there such a focus on �historical� drama in these countries at the end of the twentieth century and what does this drama contribute to wider debates about post-colonial history? This thesis aims both to explore the connections between drama and history, and to analyse the interface between live and recorded drama. In order to discuss these issues, I have used the work of theatre and film critics and historians, supplemented by reference to writers working in the field of post-colonial and performance theory. In particular, I have utilised the methods of Helen Gilbert and Joanne Tompkins in Post-Colonial Drama: Theory, Practice, Politics, beginning with their claim that in the post-colonial situation history has been seen to determine reality itself. I have also drawn on theorists such as Michel Foucault, Linda Hutcheon and Guy Debord who question the �truth� value of official history-writing and emphasize the role of representation in determining popular perceptions of the past. This discussion is developed through reference to contemporary performance theory, particularly the work of Richard Schechner and Marvin Carlson, in order to suggest that there is no clear separation between performance and reality, and that access to history is only possible through re-enactments of it, whether in written or performative forms. Chapter One is a survey of the development of �historical� drama in theatre and film from New Zealand and Australia. This includes discussion of the diverse cultural and performative traditions which influence this drama, and establishment of the critical methodologies to be used in the thesis. Chapter Two examines four plays which are intercultural re-writings of canonical texts from the European dramatic tradition. In this chapter I analyse the formal and thematic strategies in each of these plays in relation to the source texts, and ask to what extent they function as canonical counter-discourse by offering a critique of the assumptions of the earlier play from a post-colonial perspective. The potential of dramatic representation in forming perceptions of reality has made it an attractive forum for Maori and Aboriginal artists, who are creating theatre which has both a political and a pedagogical function. This discussion demonstrates that much of the impetus towards historiographic drama in both countries has come from Maori and Aboriginal writers and directors working in collaboration with white practitioners. Such collaborations not only advance the project of historiographic drama, but also may form the basis of future theatre practice which departs from the Western tradition and is unique to each of New Zealand and Australia. In Chapter Three I explore the interface between live and recorded performance by comparing plays and films which dramatise similar historical material. I consider the relative effectiveness of theatre and film as media for historiographic critique. I suggest that although film often has a greater cultural impact than theatre, to date live theatre has been a more accessible form of expression for Maori and Aboriginal writers and directors. Furthermore, following theorists such as Brecht and Brook, I argue that such aspects as the presence of the live performer and the design of the physical space shared by actors and audience give theatre considerable potential for creating an immediate engagement with historiographic themes. In Chapter Four, I discuss two contrasting examples of recorded drama in order to highlight the potential of film and television as media for historiographic critique. I question the divisions between the documentary and dramatic genres, and use Derrida�s notion of play to suggest that there is a constant slippage between the dramatic and the real, between the past and the present. In Chapter Five, I summarize the arguments advanced in previous chapters, using the example of the national museum of New Zealand, Te Papa Tongarewa, to illustrate that the �performance� of history has become part of popular culture. Like the interactive displays at Te Papa, the texts studied in this thesis demonstrate that dramatic representation has the potential to re-define perceptions of historical �reality�. With its superior capacity for creating illusion, film is a dynamic medium for exploring the imaginative process of history is that in the live performance the spectator symbolically comes into the presence of the past.

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

10

Langton, Graham. "A history of mountain climbing in New Zealand to 1953". Thesis, University of Canterbury. School of Humanities, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/3549.

Pełny tekst źródła

Streszczenie:

This thesis examines the development of recreational mountain climbing in New Zealand from before 1840 to the 1950s. This small facet of social history illustrates certain aspects of the evolution of the wider New Zealand society. A variety of influences from overseas, especially from Britain, impacted on New Zealand mountain climbing, However, it always showed indigenous characteristics and the local elements became more distinct. After the First World War club organisation and activity independent of guides came to dominate, as mountaineering based on tramping became the norm. Issues of class were resolved but the participation of women was problematic. In the interwar years, mountaineering began to be identified with earlier pioneering and with male physical culture. This led to a more egalitarian recreation but within climbing the evolution of a masculinist culture meant that the place of women remained ambiguous and their progress was limited. Redevelopment of climbing after the Second World War led to the ascent of Mt Everest by Edmund Hillary in 1953 which crystallised many of the long-term features of New Zealand mountain climbing. It was a restatement of imperial ties, and it confirmed male dominance, but it was also a notable step forward in the internationalisation of New Zealand mouritaineers. More importantly, Everest marked the inclusion of the mountaineer in the New Zealand identity which had been previously developed through pioneering, sport and war.

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

11

Churton, Wade Ronald. "Alternative music in New Zealand,1981-2001 definitions, comparisons and history". Thesis, University of Canterbury. History, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/1030.

Pełny tekst źródła

Streszczenie:

Alternative music was a cultural practice, which became a significant feature of New Zealand's local and national history over the last two decades of the twentieth century. Features of technology, economics and music culture influenced the creation and course of local independent music scenes, along with factors such as cultural remoteness. This thesis isolates and collates key factors and time periods of international music industry history, and refracts the information through alternative music in general, providing a coherent definition of the term. The history and definitions of New Zealand's alternative music history are then assessed for the period 1981-2001, with especial reference to the Flying Nun label and 'Dunedin Sound'.

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

12

Poorbagher, Hadi, i n/a. "Life-history ecology of two New Zealand echinoderms with planktotrophic larvae". University of Otago. Department of Marine Science, 2008. http://adt.otago.ac.nz./public/adt-NZDU20081029.160011.

Pełny tekst źródła

Streszczenie:

The importance of parental nutritional status on planktotrophic larvae was investigated in both laboratory-conditioned and field (populations) parents of two New Zealand echinoderms: the sea urchin Pseudechinus huttoni and the starfish Sclerasterias mollis. Three questions were addressed: (i) Does parental nutritional status affect the reproductive features (gonad index, gametogenesis, fecundity and biochemical composition) both in the laboratory and under natural conditions? (ii) Does parental nutritional status affect egg characteristics (diameter, number, dry weight, fertilization rate and biochemical composition)? (iii) Are the characteristics of larvae (growth, development, morphology, mortality rate and body composition) influenced by parental or larval nutrition (or both)? To answer the first question, adult P. huttoni and S. mollis were maintained in the laboratory with a low or high diet (in terms of quantity and quality for P. huttoni, and in terms of quantity for S. mollis) for one year. The effect of low and high diets on reproductive features was studied and the same parameters were studied in two parental populations with dissimilar food availability (for P. huttoni: Otago Shelf and Doubtful Sound populations; for S. mollis: Otago inshore and offshore populations). To address the second question, egg characteristics of the laboratory-held and field parents were measured. The third question was answered by rearing larvae of the laboratory and field parents with both low and high concentration planktonic diets. P. huttoni reared in the laboratory with a higher food ration had greater gonad indices and lipid concentration and larger oocyte area. Sea urchins from the Doubtful Sound population had higher food availability, greater gonad lipid concentration and larger oocytes. Parental nutrition had some effect on the characteristics of the egg in P. huttoni. The laboratory-held urchins fed a high diet produced larger eggs: P. huttoni from Doubtful Sound produced larger eggs with a greater carbohydrate concentration. P. huttoni larvae from low-fed laboratory and Otago Shelf parents had faster development The effect of larval nutrition was more important than parental food availability on larval growth and development. Feeding parents in the laboratory had no effect on larval morphology but larvae from Doubtful Sound, which had better food availability, had longer arms relative to body width. A higher cell concentration in the planktonic diet led to shorter larval arm relative to body width. In S. mollis reared in the laboratory, a higher food ration led to larger gonad and pyloric caeca indices. The starfish from an Otago inshore population mainly had a higher gonad index than those from an Otago offshore population. In the laboratory-held parents S. mollis, nutrition had no effect on the egg characteristics. In the field, starfish with higher food availability produced smaller eggs with lower carbohydrate concentration. There was no significant difference between development rates of S. mollis larvae from low and high fed laboratory parents. However, those from the Otago inshore parents, with better food availability, had faster development than the larvae from Otago offshore parents. In S. mollis larvae, the origin of the parents (either from the laboratory or the field) had no effect on larval shape. A higher concentration planktonic diet led to longer larvae relative to body width in larvae from high-fed laboratory parents. In both P. huttoni and S. mollis, parental and larval diet had no effect on rate of instantaneous larval mortality. In both P. huttoni and S. mollis larvae, biochemical composition of the larvae and the egg were different to each other. Egg reserves appear not to be a factor which affects larval characteristics in these species.

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

13

Starling, Amanda. "Behavioural plasticity of life history traits in the New Zealand avifauna". Thesis, University of Canterbury. Biological Sciences, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/1327.

Pełny tekst źródła

Streszczenie:

The purpose of this research was to determine how predator control influences nest survival and changes in life history strategies of birds. All studies were conducted at two sites: one site had very little mammal control, while the other site is a 'mainland island' in which all introduced mammals were trapped or poisoned. Nest survival rates of introduced and native species were compared between the two sites by locating and monitoring nests of nine species. I found that mammalian predator control increased nest survival rates of both introduced and native species, but the incrase of nest survival was more pronounced in native species. The influence of predator control on the plasticity of life history strategies in introduced and native New Zealand birds was also examined. Some life history strategies (e.g. time spent incubating, frequency of visits to the nest) changed significantly in the area with predator control, while other life history traits (e.g. clutch size) did not vary between areas. I found that both introduced and native New Zealand birds changed a variety of life history traits and that the changes were likely a plastic response to the recent change in predator numbers. As it has been suggested that birds may become less responsive to mammals when predators are controlled, I tested the response of birds to a model of a feral cat. Birds in the predator control area were significantly less likely to recognise the cat model as a potential threat. This suggests the recognition of predators can be rapidly lost from a population. My research confirms that mammal control can increase nest success of native species, but reductions in predator numbers can also change a variety of life history traits and behaviours. As the removal of mammalian predators also appears to make birds less responsive to potential predators, it is important for continued mammalian control once management has begun. Otherwise, any reintroduction of predatory mammals into controlled sites would likely place such bird populations at greater risk as they would have behaviours suited to an environment with lowered nest predation risk.

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

14

Wood, Andrew Paul. "Double vision : redressing Theo Schoon's absence from New Zealand art history". Thesis, University of Canterbury. Art History, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/7957.

Pełny tekst źródła

Streszczenie:

The thesis will examine the apparent absence of the artist Theo Schoon (Java 1915 - Sydney 1985) from the accepted canon of New Zealand art history, despite his relationship with some of its most notable artists, including Colin McCahon, Rita Angus and Gordon Walters. The thesis will also readdress Schoon's importance to the development of modernist art in New Zealand and Australia, through a detailed examination of his life, his development as an artist (with particular attention to his life in the Dutch East-Indies, and his training in Rotterdam, Netherlands), and his influence over New Zealand's artistic community.

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

15

Berliner, Angie. "A history of psychology in New Zealand : early beginnings 1869–1929". Thesis, University of Canterbury. Psychology, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/10579.

Pełny tekst źródła

Streszczenie:

This thesis is concerned with the introduction and development of western psychology in New Zealand during the period 1869 – 1929. The foundations of psychology coincided with the early foundations of the country and the building of the first university colleges. The evolving colonial university system provided opportunity but also institutional limitations on the development of the subject. Sir Thomas Hunter introduced experimental psychology and established the first psychology laboratory in 1907 at Victoria College. Hunter was supported in this by his American based mentor, Edward B. Titchener. Hunter played an important role in campaigning for university reform and worked tirelessly to promote both the study and application of psychology. This thesis argues that historic global and local events were crucial to the development and advancement of psychology in New Zealand. World War 1 ended in 1918 and was followed by a deadly flu epidemic. These events led to new theories and developments in psychology, many of which were imported to New Zealand and adapted to suit local needs. Local changes in approaches to health care and social management opened opportunities for a professional role in psychology. Throughout the 1920’s psychologists expanded their field of influence and began to develop applications for psychological knowledge. By 1929, psychology had become firmly established as a discipline worthy of individual attention. New Zealand had not yet begun to produce significant psychological research but provided a unique host society in which, in the space of sixty years, the study of psychology was introduced and developed and largely kept pace with international advances.

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

16

Patrick, Rachel. "Teaching the storied past : history in New Zealand primary schools 1900-1940 /". Connect to thesis, 2009. http://repository.unimelb.edu.au/10187/7057.

Pełny tekst źródła

Streszczenie:

This thesis examines history teaching in New Zealand primary schools between 1900 and 1940, situating the discussion within an intertwined framework of the early twentieth-century New Education movement, and the history of Pakeha settler-colonialism. In particular, it draws attention to the ways in which the pedagogical aims of the New Education intersected with the settler goal of ‘indigenisation’: a process whereby native-born settlers in colonised lands seek to become ‘indigenous’, either by denying the presence of the genuine indigenes, or by appropriating aspects of their culture. Each chapter explores a particular set of pedagogical ideas associated with the New Education and relates it back to the broader context and ideology of settler-colonialism. It examines in turn the overarching goals of the New Education of ‘educating citizens’, within which twentieth-century educationalists sought to mobilise biography and local history to cultivate a ‘love of country’ in primary school pupils, exploring the centrality of the ‘local’ to the experience-based pedagogy of the New Education. Next, it argues that the tendency of textbook histories to depict governments – past and present – in an overwhelmingly positive light, served important ongoing colonising functions. Next it examines the influence of the Victorian ideal of ‘character’ in textbooks, particularly during the first two decades of the twentieth century, through a pedagogy centred upon the assumption that the lives of past individuals or groups could be instructive for present generations.
By the 1920s and 1930s, the normative models of behaviour represented by character had come under challenge by the more flexible notion of ‘personality’ and its associated educational aims of expression, creativity and self-realisation, aims that emerged most clearly in relation to the use of activity-based methods to teach history. The juxtaposition of textbooks and activity-based classroom methodologies in the primary school classrooms of the 1920s and 1930s brought to light some of the broader tensions which existed within the settler-colonial ideology of Pakeha New Zealanders. The longer-term impact was a generation for whom the nineteenth-century British intrusion into Maori lands and cultures from which Pakeha New Zealanders massively profited was normalised.

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

17

McGeorge, Colin. "Schools and socialisation in New Zealand 1890-1914". Thesis, University of Canterbury. Education, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/819.

Pełny tekst źródła

Streszczenie:

This is a detailed study of the values embodied in and transmitted by state primary schools in New Zealand between 1890 and 1914. After describing the creation of a network of primary schools and the means by which regular attendance was secured it describes the schools' role in fostering the conventional virtues and certain widely held social attitudes through the "hidden curriculum", through school discipline, and through teachers' example. The social and moral content of schoolwork is then analysed with particular attention to what was said about New Zealand itself and about Maoris and racial differences. A detailed examination is made of a number of attempts to enlist the schools in particular social and moral causes: religious education, temperance, the inculcation of patriotism, sex education, military training, "correct" speech, and secular moral instruction. The closing chapters consider the differential impact of schooling and credentialling on children from different social classes and on boys and girls. This study draws on a wide variety of sources and makes extensive use of a large collection of school texts of the period~ The values schools transmitted reflected a middle class consensus, not seriously challenged by workers. The content of schooling was chiefly contested by middle class groups seeking to purify and improve the existing social order. Middle class groups were ambivalent towards the emergence of a distinctive national identity, but the schools fostered, often as unintended consequences, certain aspects of national identity.

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

18

Devonport, Bernadette Frances. "The History of Accounting Standards in New Zealand: An Evaluation of the Role of the Institute of Chartered Accountants of New Zealand". Thesis, University of Canterbury. School of Humanities, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/6215.

Pełny tekst źródła

Streszczenie:

Professions are characterised by the services they provide and in accounting this includes standard setting. The accounting profession became increasingly involved in the regulation of external financial reporting during the twentieth century by setting standards of accounting practice for its members and entity stakeholders. This narrative analysis of the history of accounting standards in New Zealand focuses on why the accounting profession in New Zealand, as elsewhere in the English-speaking world, assumed the responsibility to draft accounting standards. It argues that accountants did so to maintain their professional status. The New Zealand Institute of Chartered Accountants was instrumental in creating accounting standards in New Zealand. Cautious to begin with, the Institute soon became a progressive and innovative standard setter, not only developing a conceptual framework for New Zealand standards but also making the standards sector neutral. The Institute retained control of the drafting of accounting standards even when, as happened in the latter decades of the twentieth century, the New Zealand Government became more involved in the standard setting process. Recent changes in the standard setting process, however, such as the development and use of international accounting standards and the creation of statutory bodies to draft and authorise standards raise questions about the accounting profession’s continuing use of standard setting as a mechanism for maintaining professional reputation.

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

19

Kontour, Kyle, i n/a. "Making culture or making culture possible : notions of biculturalism in New Zealand 1980s cinema and the role of the New Zealand Film Commission". University of Otago. Department of Communication Studies, 2002. http://adt.otago.ac.nz./public/adt-NZDU20070508.140943.

Pełny tekst źródła

Streszczenie:

In the 1970s and 1980s New Zealand experienced significant socio-economic upheaval due in part to the global economy, economic experiments, and the gains of Maori activism. Despite the divisiveness of this period (or possibly because of it), anxieties over notions of New Zealand national identity were heightened. There was a general feeling among many Kiwis that New Zealand culture (however it was defined) was in danger of extinction, mostly due to the dominant influences of the United states and Britain. New Zealanders sought ways to distinguish themselves and their nation. One of the ways in which this desire was manifested was in the establishment of the New Zealand Film Commission (NZFC). This government sponsored body corporate was designed to provide an infrastructure for New Zealand filmmaking, through which New Zealand and New Zealanders could be represented. As a result, New Zealand filmmaking boomed during the early to mid-1980s. Significantly, this boom occurred simultaneous to the increasing relevance and importance of notions of biculturalism, both in cultural and socio-political terms. The question that drives this thesis is how (or whether) biculturalism was articulated in the explicit or implicit relationships between cultural debates, governmental policies, the NZFC�s own policies and practices and its interaction with filmmakers. This thesis examines the ways in which aspects of the discourse of biculturalism feature in New Zealand cinema of the 1980s in terms of the content, development, production and marketing of three films of this era that share particular bicultural themes and elements: Utu (Geoff Murphy, 1983), The Quiet Earth (Geoff Murphy, 1985) and Arriving Tuesday (Richard Riddiford, 1986). This thesis also examines the role of the NZFC in these processes as prescribed by legislation and in terms of the NZFC�s own policies and procedures. This thesis consults a variety of primary and secondary sources in its research. Primary sources include film texts, public documents, archival material, trade journals, and interviews with important figures in the New Zealand film industry. Conclusions suggest that the interaction of numerous socio-historical factors, and the practices and policies of the NZFC, denote a process that was not direct in its articulation of notions of biculturalism. Rather, this involved an array of complex cultural, fiscal. industrial, professional and aesthetic forces.

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

20

Gribben, Paul Edward. "Demography and life history characteristics of the New Zealand geoduck, Panopea zelandica". Thesis, University of Auckland, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/2292/2177.

Pełny tekst źródła

Streszczenie:

This thesis provides information on the demography, population dynamics and life history characteristics of the New Zealand geoduck, Panopea zelandica (Quoy and Gaimard, 1835), from Wellington Harbour and Kennedy Bay on the Coromandel Peninisula. The distribution, abundance and habitat characteristics were determined for both populations and estimates of age, growth and mortality were also investigated. Reproduction, sexual development, fertilization kinetics and larval development of P. zelandica are also described. These studies provide a preliminary assessment of the effects that harvesting may have on the sustainability of populations of P. zelandica, and the potential for developing aquaculture industries for this species. Geoducks in Kennedy Bay were found from 4-8 m water depth, and from 4-16 m in several beds in Wellington Harbour. In Wellington Harbour, there was a pattern of increasing numbers with depth up to~15 m (Fig. 2.2). Numbers decreased thereafter. Analysis of sediment samples indicated that P. zelandica was more prevalent in fine sand to fine silty sand substrata, with reduced numbers in siltier sediments. The water depths and sediment characteristics presented for the populations considered appear to be general habitat characteristics for this species. This will aid in finding further populations and in establishing ongrowing methods for this species. Experiments indicated that counts of siphon holes could be quickly and reliably used to provide estimates of abundance. Results also suggest that a show-factor of ~0.90 may be applicable to abundance estimates of other P. zelandica populations, and can be used year round. Estimates of density for P. zelandica in several bays in Wellington Harbour (0.14 to 0.49 geoducks.m-2) and Kennedy Bay (0.058 geoduck.m-2) were very low. P. zelandica is also very long lived (up to 86 years) and populations had low estimates of natural mortality (<0.14). These factors raise serious concerns about the sustainability of harvesting populations of P. zelandica and that harvest yields may be only a fraction of estimated biomass. Also, significant differences in the growth rates between Kennedy Bay and Shelly Bay with respect to shell length (p<0.001) and whole wet weight (p=0.001), and differences in estimates of natural mortality between sites suggest that stocks will have to be managed separately. Investigation of the reproductive cycle of P. zelandica over a 22 month period indicated a difference in the timing of spawning between Kennedy Bay (spring) and Shelly Bay (late summer/early autumn). However, both populations spawned when water temperatures reached ~l5˚C. Monthly mean oocyte values and Gonado-Somatic Indices (GSI's), such as gonad weight versus whole wet weight, wet shell weight, dry somatic tissue weight and wet somatic tissue weight closely followed the patterns evident in the histological analysis of the reproductive cycle suggesting that GSI's may be of use to marine farmers wanting a quick and easy method for assessing the reproductive state of potential broodstock. Patterns of sexual maturity were equivalent for both populations with 50% maturity calculated to be at ~55 mm and ~57 mm at Shelly Bay and Kennedy Bay, respectively. Samples of geoducks collected from June 1999 to March 2001 determined that reproductive development was protandric, as all immature geoducks from a single cohort collected over the sampling period matured into males in their third year of life. Females became more prevalent as size and age increased. Sex ratios with age were equal in the larger size classes. However, females dominated the larger size classes with respect to size. Thus harvesting may potentially target female geoducks. However, the relationship between siphon hole size and shell length was not strong (r=0.57). In terms of aquaculture, ripe broodstock were easily spawned, and resultant larvae grown through to settlement (which occurred spontaneously after l6 days at a size of ~270 μm) indicating that this species may be amenable to hatchery culture. Optimal fertilisation was achieved at concentrations around 2x102-103 sperm/μl over a range of contact times with the proportion of monospermic zygotes decreasing rapidly at higher sperm concentrations. An increase in gamete age from 0 to 30 mins adversely affected the fertilisation success of P. zelandica. Photomicrographs of developing larvae indicated an absence of fully developed ctendia and siphons in settling larvae, similar to the pattern described for the North American geoduck, Panope abrupta. Measurements of shell morphology were found to be adequate descriptors of larval development. SEM indicated that the provinculum of straight hinge and developing veliger larvae lacked any teeth, although there was some development of a small lamelliform tooth on the hinge structure of newly settled larvae. Prominent spines common on dissoconch shells of other hiatellid clams were absent in newly settled post-larvae of P. zelandica. These descriptions provide vital information for identifying larvae and newly settled recruits in plankton and sediment samples and will aid in determining patterns of recruitment, vital for assessing the sustainability of natural populations. The life-history characteristics and population characteristics described in this thesis for P. zelandica raise serious concerns regarding the sustainability of harvesting this species. However, the ease with which ripe P. zelandica could be spawned, and the resultant larvae grown through to settlement, suggests that the aquaculture of this species warrants further investigation.

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

21

Colquhoun, Philip M. "A history of New Zealand municipal accounting and auditing 1876 to 1988". Thesis, University of Canterbury. Accounting and Information Systems, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/2711.

Pełny tekst źródła

Streszczenie:

Public sector accounting has become more visible in recent years in both the accounting world and academic literature. The New Zealand public sector has, according to some commentators, been at the forefront of international developments since the 1980s. Yet discussion and analysis of current New Zealand public sector accounting is generally devoid of reference to its historical antecedent. This thesis addresses part of the lack of historical understanding of public sector accounting, auditing and financial management by providing an historical discussion of accounting and auditing by New Zealand municipalities between 1876 and 1988. Local government has always been central to the development of New Zealand's infrastructure and economy - efficiency and equity being crucial attributes of the sector. Essential to achieving efficiency and equity have been key financial and accounting principles. This thesis identifies and discusses the operation of these principles. While the principles informed most decisions relating to local government, they were not sacrosanct. Discussed in this thesis are instances where the principles were cast aside by legislation for particular situations, either for all municipalities or for a specific council. The accounting and financial management requirements were to ensure that councils were held to account for the use of ratepayers' money. This thesis identifies and discusses changes regarding whom the borough or city councils were accountable to. In the early period, accounts were clearly prepared for the local community. From the 1880s to the early 1970s, council gave account to the Audit Office, which received the account on behalf of a local community. In the early 1970s, lead by the Audit Office, this attitude changed back to the community, which held its council to account. This thesis traces the technical and philosophical changes to the accounting, auditing and financial management requirements imposed on municipalities by Parliament and central government. It also discusses the relationships between the parties involved in choosing between different levels of central oversight and local autonomy, and in choosing between different accounting policies.

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

22

Symon, Toni. "Paparua Men's Prison: A Social and Political History". Thesis, University of Canterbury. Social and Political Sciences, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/7775.

Pełny tekst źródła

Streszczenie:

Situated amidst farmland 18 kilometres from the centre of Christchurch is Paparua men’s prison, one of New Zealand’s oldest and largest penal institutions. Prisoners have been housed at the Paparua site since 1915 and when the prison buildings were completed in 1925, around 120 prisoners were incarcerated there. Still at the same location where the two original wings continue to accommodate inmates, Paparua has the capacity for nearly 1,000 low to high-security male prisoners. Despite being almost a century old, very little has been recorded about Paparua, which is symptomatic of the paucity of published material on New Zealand prisons. This thesis seeks to address this shortfall in the literature by, for the first time, documenting the events which have taken place at Paparua and giving insight into life for prisoners there over the last 100 years. These events and the changes to prison life have been driven by the social conditions of the day and their intersection with a complex range of factors at the inmate, community and administrative levels. Paparua’s evolution, therefore, has been the product of the changing socio-political climate and by contextualising the prison’s history I will show how these dynamics have contributed to the development of Paparua. The research undertaken to achieve such a task involved an historical analysis of 130 years of departmental reports, government reports, parliamentary debates and newspaper articles. This was accompanied by 13 comprehensive interviews with former and current staff and inmates of Paparua. The reconstruction of Paparua’s past is valuable not only in that it captures the details of an interesting feature of New Zealand history but because it offers insight into the complex range of forces that a are likely to influence its development in the future.

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

23

Frank, Timothy. "About our father's business: fatherhood in New Zealand 1900-1940". Thesis, University of Auckland, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/2292/1222.

Pełny tekst źródła

Streszczenie:

Early twentieth-century New Zealand fathers have commonly been regarded as distant figures in their children's lives, minimally involved in child care, and expressing their parenting in breadwinning terms. Although the numbers of men who married and had families steadily increased between 1900 and 1940, it is generally accepted that little changed in terms of men's parenting participation in the home. This thesis tests the veracity of these assumptions by comparing the private experiences of fathers with official and public records of fatherhood. It also examines the degree to which the culture of fatherhood and fathering practices 'modernised' during this period. Fathering between 1900 and 1940 was significantly impacted by the fact that mothers were regarded as the primary care givers in- New Zealand homes during that period. By 1900 social expectations of fathers were relatively well defined, although some important new directions in social thinking about fathers were also developing (Chapter one). However, the socially-constructed parameters defining fatherhood did not mean all fathers fathered alike. A wide variety of parenting attitudes and practices characterised fathering in private (Chapter Two). Yet fathering was always subject to public and official scrutiny, and Chapter Three examines politicians' efforts to encourage and improve fathering responsibility prior to the First World War. Ironically, these efforts succeeded-in diminishing some of the domestic patriarchal authority fathers exercised over their children (Chapter Four). This patriarchal/paternal authority was challenged at the same time the state and the Plunket Society helped entrench an increasingly mother-prioritised culture of child care in New Zealand society (Chapter Five). In the interwar years, fathers faced significant threats to their idea of themselves as breadwinners, some of them falling foul of the state and its determination to tackle the 'errant parent' as a result (Chapter Six). But fathers and fatherhood did not stand still, and by the 1930s some essential differences separated them from their 1900s predecessors. The culture of fatherhood was impacted more than fathering practice by 'modernising' attitudes to child care and the new relational paradigms influencing parent-child interaction at this time. But attitudes influence conduct, and although a mother-prioritised parenting culture remained intact into the 1940s, fathers were learning to understand their parenting place in the home and their interaction with children in significantly new ways (Chapters Seven and Eight).
Whole document restricted, but available by request, use the feedback form to request access.

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

24

Ross, Gail Macdonald. "New Zealand Prints 1900-1950: An Unseen Heritage". Thesis, University of Canterbury. School of Fine Arts, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/937.

Pełny tekst źródła

Streszczenie:

The vibrant school of printmaking which emerged and flourished in New Zealand between 1900 and 1950 forms the subject of this thesis. It examines the attitudes of the printmakers, many of whom regarded the print as the most democratic of art forms and one that should reflect the realities of everyday life. Their subject matter, contemporary city scenes, people at work and leisure, local landscapes, Maori and indigenous flora and fauna, is analysed and revealed as anticipating by over a decade that of regionalist painters. They are also identified as the first New Zealand artists to draw attention to social and environmental issues. Trained under the British South Kensington art education system, New Zealand printmakers placed great importance on craftsmanship. Although some worked in a realist style others experimented with abstraction and surrealism, placing them among the forefront of New Zealand artists receptive to modern art. Expatriate New Zealand printmakers played significant roles in three major printmaking movements abroad, the Artists' International Alliance, Atelier 17 and the Claude Flight Linocut Movement. The thesis redresses the failure of existing histories of New Zealand art to recognise the existence of a major twentieth-century art movement. It identifies the main factors contributing to the low status of printmaking in New Zealand. Commercial artists rather than those with a fine arts background led the Quoin Club, which initiated a New Zealand school of printmaking in 1916; Gordon Tovey's overthrow of the South Kensington system in 1945 devalued the craftsmanship so important to printmakers; and the rise of modernism, which gave priority to formal values and abstraction, further exacerbated institutional indifference to the print. The adoption of Maori imagery by printmakers resulted in recent art historians retrospectively accusing them of cultural appropriation. Even the few printmakers who attained some recognition were criticised for their involvement in textile and bookplate design and book-illustration. Key artists discussed in the thesis include James Boswell, Stephen Champ, Frederick Coventry, Rona Dyer, Arnold Goodwin, Thomas Gulliver, Trevor Lloyd, Stewart Maclennan, Gilbert Meadows, John L. Moore, E. Mervyn Taylor, Arthur Thompson, Herbert Tornquist, Frank Weitzel, Hilda Wiseman, George Woods, John Buckland Wright and Adele Younghusband. Details of the approximately 3,000 prints created during this period are recorded in a database, and summarised in the Printmakers' Survey included in Volume Two. In addition reproductions of 156 prints are illustrated and documented; while a further 43 prints are reproduced within the text of Volume One.

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

25

Lynch, P. M. "Enterprise, Self-Help and Cooperation: A History of Outdoor Education In New Zealand Schools to 1989". Thesis, University of Canterbury. Education, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/810.

Pełny tekst źródła

Streszczenie:

This thesis traces the development of outdoor education in New Zealand schools. Part one deals with precursors to outdoor education, from the late nineteenth century to 1938, and in part two school camping experiments and the expansion of outdoor education are examined. Outdoor education was stimulated by subject specialists working for education boards and the Department of Education, and the end of the period studied coincides with the disestablishment of these administrative bodies in 1989. Where possible, comparison with overseas developments is made. Outdoor education was adopted and expanded in New Zealand because political, economic and ideological circumstances favoured it. Progressive-liberal influences on education fostered acceptance of physical, recreational and practical activities and emphasis on the interests and needs of individual pupils. Social and economic policies of the later 1930s to the 1960s established a climate in which innovations that broadened the school curriculum were acceptable. From the late 1960s the struggle to resource outdoor education was exacerbated by its rapid rate of growth. The government funding attained was never sufficient and community support remained vital. Safety concerns from the 1960s to the end of the period precipitated efforts to establish teacher training and by the 1980s there was a growing professionalism among outdoor educators. Links between outdoor education and the school curriculum at both primary and secondary levels were maintained by changes in terminology but its central concerns with social and moral education, environmental studies, physical activity and communal living in natural environments remained. Unlike most other curriculum innovations of its time, outdoor education was initially viewed as a teaching method and it did not attain formal subject status until the 1980s.

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

26

Simpson, Clare S. "A social history of women and cycling in late-nineteenth century New Zealand". Lincoln University, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10182/1693.

Pełny tekst źródła

Streszczenie:

In the final decade of the nineteenth-century, when New Zealand women began riding the bicycle, they excited intense public debate about contemporary middle-class ideals of femininity. The research question posed is: "why did women's cycling provoke such a strong outcry?" Three nineteenth-century cycling magazines, the New Zealand Wheelman, the New Zealand Cyclist, and the New Zealand Cyclists' Touring Club Gazette, were examined, along with numerous New Zealand and British contemporary sources on women's sport and recreation, etiquette, femininity, and gender roles. The context of the late-nineteenth century signifies a high point in the modernisation of Western capitalist societies, which is characterised in part by significant and widespread change in the roles of middle-class women. The bicycle was a product of modern ideas, designs, and technology, and eventually came to symbolise freedom in diverse ways. The dual-purpose nature of the bicycle (i.e., as a mode of transport and as a recreational tool) enabled women to become more physically and geographically mobile, as well as to pursue new directions in leisure. It afforded, moreover, increasing opportunities to meet and socialise with a wider range of male acquaintances, free from the restrictions of etiquette and the requirements of chaperonage. As a symbol of the 'New Woman', the bicycle graphically represented a threat to the proprieties governing the behaviour and movements of respectable middle-class women in public. The debates which arose in response to women's cycling focused on their conduct, their appearance, and the effects of cycling on their physical and moral well-being. Ultimately, these debates highlighted competing definitions of nineteenth-century middle-class femininity. Cycling presented two dilemmas for respectable women: how could they cycle and retain their respectability? and, should a respectable woman risk damaging herself, physically and morally, for such a capricious activity as cycling? Cyclists aspired to reconcile the ignominy of their conspicuousness on the bicycle with the social imperative to maintain an impression of middleclass respectability in public. The conceptual framework of Erving Goffman's dramaturgical perspective is used to interpret the nature of heterosocial interactions between cyclists and their audiences. Nineteenth-century feminine propriety involved a set of performances, with both performers (cyclists) and audiences (onlookers) possessing shared understandings of how signals (impressions) ought to be given and received. Women on bicycles endeavoured to manage the impressions they gave off by carefully attending to their appearances and their behaviour, so that the audience would be persuaded to view them as respectable, despite the perception that riding a bicycle in public was risqué. In this way, women on bicycles attempted to redefine middle-class femininity. Women on bicycles became a highly visible, everyday symbol of the realities of modem life that challenged traditional gender roles and nineteenth-century formality. Cycling for New Zealand women in the 1890s thus played a key part in the transformation of nineteenth-century gender roles.

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

27

van, Raat Anthony Christian Built Environment Faculty of Built Environment UNSW. "State housing at Orakei and the model suburb experiment in New Zealand 1900-1940". Awarded by:University of New South Wales. School of Built Environment, 2007. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/31905.

Pełny tekst źródła

Streszczenie:

The colonization of New Zealand led to the development of particular patterns of settlement. In some cases models were derived from contemporary British practice; in other cases they came from new world settlements elsewhere. But almost invariably any theoretical propositions which might have either consciously or unconsciously underpinned the form of the settlements and their ideological or other purposes were displaced by the pragmatic beliefs and constraints of those who developed them. These settlements arose at the same time as the belief that New Zealand was a natural paradise and that it offered the opportunity for the establishment of some kind of new and perhaps even utopian model for settlement. The Auckland suburb of Orakei as it developed in the first decades of the twentieth century provides fertile ground for the exploration of a number of themes which illuminate the New Zealand suburban experience: the role of the state in regulating and providing housing; the development of the discipline of planning; the evolution of the garden suburb in New Zealand; the choice of an architectural style for state housing; the integration of planning and housing; the contest for physical and ideological control of development; and the decisive role of individuals in creating the suburb. This thesis describes the political, social and ideological environments which led to the construction of the suburb of Orakei and the form which it took.

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

28

Ulenberg, Phillippa. "The Community Arts Service: History and Social Context". The University of Waikato, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10289/2802.

Pełny tekst źródła

Streszczenie:

The Community Arts Service (CAS, 1946-1966), founded after World War Two, took tours of music, drama, opera, dance and art exhibitions to smaller centres and isolated rural areas throughout New Zealand, fostering the cultural activities undertaken by local groups. From the Auckland University College, where it originated as a branch of Adult Education, it spread to the other University College provinces and, beyond New Zealand, to Australia. As Adult Education, CAS programmes emphasised educational value and aimed to develop the tastes and level of culture in the participating communities. The Service operated through local CAS committees, encouraging rural centres to take increasing responsibility for the cultural life of their own communities. Following World War Two, themes of nationalism, decentralisation of culture and correcting the imbalances that existed between rural and urban life so as to create a more egalitarian society, were key issues in New Zealand. The CAS played a significant role in redressing these concerns but to date, have received little critical attention. This thesis, which examines the important role of the Service in the musical and artistic life of twentieth century New Zealand, is an original contribution to the cultural history of this country. Main documentary research sources consulted were regional histories, publications on New Zealand music, theatre, ballet, opera and journals on the arts from the period. Diaries, correspondence, local cultural societies' documentation and programmes of past concerts held in private collections have been valuable. The archival material for Arthur Owen Jensen and Ronald Graeme Dellow (Alexander Turnbull Library) and, the records of Auckland Adult Education (University of Auckland, Special Collections) have been a significant help. People who were involved with the CAS have generously contributed through interviews and correspondence. Newspaper cuttings in private collections and past issues of the Waikato Times held in the Hamilton Public Library have also been important sources.

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

29

Deed, Stephen, i n/a. "Unearthly landscapes : the development of the cemetery in nineteenth century New Zealand". University of Otago. Department of History, 2005. http://adt.otago.ac.nz./public/adt-NZDU20070627.111502.

Pełny tekst źródła

Streszczenie:

Summary: Written, visual and material evidence demonstrates that the indigenous and immigrant peoples of nineteenth century New Zealand both retained aspects of their traditional burial practices and forms of memorialisation while modifying others in response to their new environmental and social contexts. Maori had developed a complex set of burial rituals by the beginning of the nineteenth century, practised within the framework of tangihanga. These included primary and secondary burial and limited memorialisation, with practices varying between iwi. Change and continuity characterised the development of Maori burial practices and materials, translated traditional practices into new materials, and new practices into traditional materials. Although urupa came to appear more European, they were still firmly embedded in the framework of tangihanga and notions of tapu. The nineteenth century settlement of New Zealand occurred at a time of transition in British burial practices, with the traditional churchyard burial ground giving way to the modern cemetery. The predominantly British settlers transplanted both institutions to the colonial context. The cemeteries, churchyards and burial grounds created in nineteenth century New Zealand were influenced by a great number of factors. These included the materials available, the religious and ethnic make up of settler society, regionalism, economic ties, major events, political and social conditions, means of establishment and function. These processes, events, and influences resulted in a rich yet neglected material culture of urupa, cemeteries, churchyards, burial grounds and lone graves which are today valuable components of our historic and cultural landscapes. Portions of this heritage have already been lost through decay and destruction. Neglect is now the major threat. Part of this neglect is due to the fact that we do not understand our cemeteries, what they show, how and why they have developed over time. Neglect is also engendered by cultural perceptions of what is valuable. While Maori regard urupa and burial places as toanga and sacred sites, Pakeha have tended to ignore their historic cemeteries. Such attitudes have been reflected and enforced by the policy of external agencies such as the New Zealand Historic Places Trust. New Zealand�s nineteenth century cemeteries have a great but under-utilised research potential, which it is important to recognise if we wish to preserve them.

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

30

Walter, Susan. "Malmsbury bluestone and quarries : Finding holes in history and heritage". Thesis, Federation University Australia, 2019. http://researchonline.federation.edu.au/vital/access/HandleResolver/1959.17/170455.

Pełny tekst źródła

Streszczenie:

Malmsbury bluestone was used widely from 1856 in buildings in Victoria, throughout Australia, and in New Zealand. It features in many structures listed on heritage registers, yet its presence is barely recognised. This largely results from the stone quarries, buildings and the men who laboured with it being absent from modern Australian historiography. The fame previously associated with the stone was lost when stone use for structural purposes, and the associated stone skills, declined; a situation exacerbated by poor recognition of the stone industry’s role in building our nation through heritage citations of structures. Inspired by E. P. Thompson, this thesis uses Critical Inquiry though microhistory and landscape analysis to regain the stone’s fame and rescue stoneworkers from the condescension of history. A detailed analysis of quarries, structures, the bluestone industry, and a rarely-attempted total reconstitution of the lives of 194 vital stoneworkers, reveals a valuable cultural heritage currently undervalued and at risk. Malmsbury stoneworkers came from diverse backgrounds but worked co-operatively to promote and sustain a local industry which supplied a nationally-vital building material, despite the absence of a regulatory framework to protect their lives and rights. Scientific methods document the geological properties of the stone and demonstrate how, in the absence of science, skilled stoneworkers nevertheless identified and worked a valuable resource. Modern science could however be used to test building stones in a non-destructive manner to determine the sources of currently unidentified building stones. This thesis significantly contributes to the limited discourse on the history and heritage of Australian stone use through the perspectives of cultural landscapes, labour history and built and cultural heritage. Malmsbury bluestone truly was the standard of excellence and, along with stoneworkers, warrants more extensive recognition in Australia’s Heritage registers.
Doctor of Philosophy

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

31

Allen, Michael James. "Maori political thought in the late nineteenth century: Amicrohistorical study of the document of speeches from John Ballance's tour of seven Maori districts, 1885". Thesis, University of Canterbury. History, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/1040.

Pełny tekst źródła

Streszczenie:

This thesis explores the nature of ambivalence in Maori political thought as expressed during John Ballance's tour of seven Maori districts in 1885. A microhistorical study of Maori speeches recorded during the tour, undertaken by Ballance as minister of Native Affairs, reveals three overlapping points regarding Maori political thought in the late nineteenth century. Firstly, despite a lack of power in processes of government and the effects of numerous land laws, Maori remained optimistic at the possibility of gaining equality, an optimism generated by the very act of Ballance's visit to Maori communities. Secondly, optimism was grounded in a pragmatic approach to state power, one that acknowledged the realities of the colonial government's positionin the New Zealand political system. Thirdly, a strongly held desire for equality, in combination with a pragmatic approach to state power, explains why Maori continued to seek solutions through the colonial government in the late nineteenth century. These three implicit positions can be seen in the greetings, criticisms and requests made by Maori leaders during the twelve hui that constituted Ballance's tour. In combination, these points suggest an ambivalence in the conceptual bases of Maori political thought in the late nineteenth century. This argument challenges existing interpretations of late nineteenth century Maori political activity, particularly the idea that Maori increasingly sought 'autonomy' in their own sphere. By adopting the approach of the microhistorian, this thesis opens a brief and unique window onto a period between the New Zealand wars and the resurgent protest movements of the 1890s, one that historians have yet to capture.

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

32

Hayes, Kimberley. "The Scholarship of Sandra Coney". Thesis, University of Canterbury. History, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/10808.

Pełny tekst źródła

Streszczenie:

This thesis analyses the scholarship of Sandra Coney from the 1970s through to the present day. I argue that Coney’s scholarship has made an important contribution to understanding New Zealand society from a feminist perspective. Coney’s scholarship provides an important representation of feminism. Through her scholarship Coney has constantly questioned dominant ideals within New Zealand society. The recovery of New Zealand women’s history has also been a focus of Coney’s scholarship. This thesis examines New Zealand’s feminist magazine Broadsheet, to which Coney contributed numerous articles from the beginning of the second wave feminist movement. It also draws upon archival sources and Coney’s extensive published books. What influenced Coney’s work and the context of time periods is discussed and analysed. Key themes suggested by Coney’s scholarship are the importance of: women’s voices and experiences, women having authority over their own representation, a second wave feminist perspective of New Zealand society, and the importance of recovering the past and recording it for the future.

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

33

Fortune, Gabrielle Ann. "'Mr Jones' wives': World War II war brides of New Zealand servicemen". Thesis, University of Auckland, 2005. http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/3201550.

Pełny tekst źródła

Streszczenie:

Frederick Jones, Minister of Defence during World War II, was responsible for the transportation to New Zealand of the foreign-born wives and fiancées of New Zealand servicemen. Between 1942 and 1948 servicemen returning from theatres of war in Europe, the Middle East and the Pacific brought over 3000 wives and 700 fiancées to New Zealand. Portrayed as homogeneous, young, working-class British housewives who made hasty ill-considered marriages, war brides, in fact, proved to be varied in origin, age, occupation and education. Whirlwind romances and short courtships were not the norm. This thesis examines the consequences of the decision to marry a New Zealander and migrate and the impact of the journey and settlement. The full glare of publicity that greeted war brides on arrival focused attention on their compatibility with, and adaptability to, the receiving society. Adjustment was however fraught with difficulties. Memory and loss are implicit in the experience of migration. War brides expressed this in terms of the rift with their pasts and a lack of shared memories. On arrival in New Zealand war brides dispersed around the country in an extreme 'pepper-potting' pattern. When their only connection with New Zealand was their locally-born husband they suffered social isolation and sometimes a devastating sense of loneliness. The resulting marginalisation they experienced was evident in their oral history narratives. Ambivalence and recourse to serendipity as an explanation for past actions were elements of the dis-composure discernable in narratives. In spite of their varied religious, social and class backgrounds, this diverse cohort formed a war bride identity based on shared experience rather than national or ethnic origin. Far from dissipating, their war-bride identity has been consolidated into an enduring image most tangibly expressed in the extant war brides' clubs, although club attendance is not a prerequisite of war bride identity.

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

34

Lacey, Cherie. "To settle the settler: pathologies of colonialism in New Zealand history films, 1925 - 2005". Thesis, University of Auckland, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2292/6076.

Pełny tekst źródła

Streszczenie:

Social pathologies are thoroughly intertwined with colonial history. From the colonial project��s drive to categorise and treat indigenous disorders, to postcolonial theorists�� attempts to understand the psychological effects of (de)colonisation, psychology has provided a lens through which to investigate the (post)colonial condition. For the most part, these psychocolonial investigations have focused on either the colonised or the coloniser, or on the relation between them, thus remaining silent on the nature of the settler subject. Unwilling to identify as the coloniser, and unable to identify as the colonised, the settler occupies an ambivalent subject position, in which traditional psychological investigations of colonialism are confounded. Furthermore, too often, postcolonial theorists have recourse to certain pathologies, such as anxiety, melancholy or trauma, without a thorough awareness of the intricacies of the disorder itself. This study is grounded in the belief that, when it comes to understanding the psychical structure of the settler, we need to read colonial disorders anew. With this in mind, my research returns to Lacanian psychoanalysis in order work through the (post)colonial disorders of the settler subject. Lacanian analysis provides us with one of the most complex languages through which to examine subjectivity and has a long history of association with the discourse of (post)colonialism; it thus provides us with a point of reentry through which to approach a psychoanalytic exploration of settlement. This examination will be carried out through analysis of New Zealand settler narratives; in particular, films that return to a specific time in New Zealand��s early settlement period: the New Zealand Wars (1843-1972). The Wars occurred in response to what many M��ori understood to be breaches in the Treaty of Waitangi (signed in 1840), and were instrumental in forging the identities of both M��ori and P��keh�� as peoples. Narratives of the New Zealand Wars have been repeated throughout New Zealand��s cinematic history, and act as crucibles for the formation of P��keh�� (white settler) identity at the time of their making. As ��veils of fantasy�� (in Slavoj ��i��ek��s words), films provide us with a back-door into knowledge; by paying attention to what is not said about colonial history, to the unspoken and the unspeakable in these films, my research attempts to reveal something about the concealed unconscious structure of the settler subject in New Zealand society.

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

35

Middleton, Angela. "Te Puna : the archaeology and history of a New Zealand Mission Station, 1832-1874". Thesis, University of Auckland, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/2292/2381.

Pełny tekst źródła

Streszczenie:

This thesis examines the archaeology and history of Te Puna, a Church Missionary Society (CMS) mission station in the Bay of Islands, New Zealand. Te Puna was first settled in 1832 following the closure of the nearby Oihi mission, which had been the first mission station and the first permanent European settlement in New Zealand. Te Puna, located alongside the imposing Rangihoua Pa, was the home of missionaries John and Hannah King and their children for some forty years. As well as being a mission station, Te Puna was also the site of the family’s subsistence farm. The research is concerned with the archaeological landscape of Te Puna, the relationship between Maori and European, the early organisation and economy of the CMS, the material culture of New Zealand’s first European settlers, and the beginnings of colonisation and the part that the missions played in this. Artefacts recovered from archaeological investigations at the site of the Te Puna mission house are connected with other items of missionary material culture held in collections in the Bay of Islands, including objects donated by the King family. The archaeological record is also integrated with documentary evidence, in particular the accounts of the CMS store, to produce a detailed picture of the daily life and economy of the Te Puna mission household. This integration of a range of sources is also extended to produce a broader view of the material culture and economy of missionary life in the Bay of Islands in the first half of the nineteenth century. The humble, austere artefacts that constitute the material culture of the Te Puna household reveal the actual processes of colonisation in daily life and everyday events, as well as the processes of the mission, such as schooling, the purchase of food and domestic labour, the purchase of land and building of houses, the stitching of fabric and ironing of garments. These practices predate, but also anticipate the grand historical dramas such as the signing of the Treaty of Waitangi, glorified but also critiqued as the defining moment of the relationship between Maori and Pakeha and of colonisation.
Whole document restricted, but available by request, use the feedback form to request access.

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

36

Pugh, Jeremy Mark. "The late Quaternary environmental history of the Lake Heron basin, Mid Canterbury, New Zealand". Thesis, University of Canterbury. Geological Sciences, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/1766.

Pełny tekst źródła

Streszczenie:

The Lake Heron basin is an intermontane basin located approximately 30 kms west of Mount Hutt. Sediments within the basin are derived from a glacier that passed through the Lake Stream Valley from the upper Rakaia Valley. The lack of major drainage in the south part of the basin has increased the preservation potential of glacial phenomena. The area provides opportunities for detailed glacial geomorphology, sedimentology and micropaleontogical work, from which a very high-resolution study on climate change spanning the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) through to the present was able to be reconstructed. The geomorphology reveals a complex glacial history spanning multiple glaciations. The Pyramid and Dogs Hill Advance are undated but possibly relate to the Waimaungan and Waimean glaciations. The Emily Formation (EM), previously thought to be MIS 4 (Mabin, 1984), was dated using Be10 to c. 25 ka B.P. The EM was largest advance of the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). Ice during the LGM was at least 150m thicker than previously thought, as indicated by relatively young ages of high elevation moraines. Numerous moraine ridges and kame terraces show a continuous recession from LGM limits, and, supported by decreasing Be10 ages for other LGM moraines, it seems ice retreat was punctuated by minor glacial readvances and still-stands. These may be associated with decadal-scale climate variations, such as the PDO or early ENSO-like systems. There are relatively little sedimentological exposures in the area other than those on the shores of Lake Heron. The sediment at this location demonstrates the nature of glacial and paraglacial sedimentation during the later stages of ice retreat. They show that ice fronts oscillated across several hundred metres before retreating into Lake Heron proper. Vegetation change at Staces Tarn (1200m asl) indicates climate amelioration in the early Holocene. The late glacial vegetation cover of herb and small shrubs was replaced by a low, montane forest about 7,000 yrs B.P, approximately at the time of the regional thermal maxima. From 7,000 and 1,400 yrs B.P, temperatures slowly declined, and grasses slowly moved back onto the site, although the montane forest was still the dominant vegetation. Fires were frequent in the area extending back at least 6,000 years B.P. The largest fire, about 5,300 yrs B.P, caused major forest disruption. But full recovered occurred within about 500 years. Beech forest appears at the site about 3,300 yrs B.P and becomes the dominant forest cover about 1,400 yrs B.P. Cooler, cloudier winters and disturbance by fire promoted the expansion of beech forest at the expense of the previous low, montane forest. Both the increased frequency of fire events and late Holocene beech spread may be linked to ENSO-related variations in rainfall. The youngest zone is characterised by both a dramatic decline in beech forest and an increase in grasses, possibly representing human activity in the area.

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

37

Tagg, Mary Alison. "The 'Jesus nut': A study of New Zealand military chaplaincy". Thesis, University of Auckland, 2000. http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/9990812.

Pełny tekst źródła

Streszczenie:

Since the earliest days of the Christian Church, ordained ministers and priests have accompanied soldiers into battle. The religious presence in the war machine has been the subject of many debates, particularly those involving the conflict of ethics presented by the representation of a gospel of peace and love participating in a profession of violence and killing. New Zealand is a secular country with a relatively well-developed system of secular pastoral care services. However the New Zealand Defence Force continues to request the churches' involvement in the military and those churches which respond continue to participate in work which appears contrary to their teaching. This study examines the relationship of church and military. It investigates the place of the church in the New Zealand Defence Force through an examination of the appropriate literature and other relevant information, and an empirical survey of the work and views of current, and some retired, chaplains. The global military scenario has changed in recent years with the development of war technology. The New Zealand military focus is now largely directed towards policing New Zealand's economic zone and the preservation of independence of smaller neighbouring island states, while its active service role is one of participation in international peace-enforcement and peacekeeping. This thesis considers these changes and looks at the possible effects they may have on the future of military chaplaincy within the secular, multicultural context of the New Zealand state. The study concludes with a rationale for the presence of the Christian Church in the New Zealand Defense Force and presents issues which the current chaplaincy-providing churches need to consider if they wish to continue to provide effective chaplaincy for the military.

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

38

Beattie, James John, i james beattie@stonebow otago ac nz. "Environmental anxiety in New Zealand, 1850-1920 : settlers, climate, conservation, health, environment". University of Otago. School of Liberal Arts, 2004. http://adt.otago.ac.nz./public/adt-NZDU20051020.183413.

Pełny tekst źródła

Streszczenie:

Using a series of interlocking case-studies, this thesis investigates environmental anxieties in New Zealand�s settler society in the period 1830-1920. A central premise of this study is that the rapid environmental transformation of New Zealand stimulated widespread anxieties and reforms within settler society. These anxieties focussed as much on the changes already begun as on apprehensions of the results of these changes. Applying the concept of environmental anxiety to settler New Zealand expands understandings about colonial culture and its environmental history. It moves debate beyond simple narratives of colonial environmental destruction. Instead, this thesis highlights the ambiguities and complexities of colonial views of the natural world. This thesis points to the insecurities behind seeming Victorian confidence, even arrogance, in the ability of science and technology to bring constant material improvement. Europeans recognised that modern living brought material advantages but that the rapid environmental changes that underpinned these improvements also brought and threatened to bring unwanted outcomes. A diverse range of settlers worried about the effects of environmental changes. Individuals, institutions, committees, councils, doctors, scientists, artists, governments, engineers and politicians expressed environmental anxieties of one kind or another. Some farmers, politicians and scientists held that deforestation decreased rainfall but increased temperatures. Other scientists and politicians feared that it brought devastating floods and soil erosion. Some Maori, travellers, politicians and scientists held that it destabilised sand that would inundate fertile fields. Councillors, engineers and doctors constantly debated ways of improving the healthiness of towns and cities, areas seen as particularly dangerous places in which to live. Doctors� and settlers� anxieties focused on the effects of New Zealand�s climate on health and racial development. The impact of environmental change on the healthiness of certain areas, as well as the role played by humans in climate change, also provoked lively discussion. The effects of these anxieties are evident in some of the land policies, artworks, legislation, parliamentary and scientific debates, and writings of this period. Settlers believed curbing pollution, laying out parks, planting trees and restricting the construction of unhealthy properties improved living conditions in cities. Some scientists and politicians thought setting aside forest �climate reserves� in highland areas, tree-planting legislation and sustainable forestry practices prevented flooding and climate change. Individuals and authorities also established sanatoria and spas in particularly healthy spots, such as at the seaside and in high, dry places. In investigating these topics, this thesis expands the discipline of environmental history, bringing to light the importance of studying urban environments, aesthetics, climate change, desertification and health. It expands the largely �national� narratives of New Zealand�s environmental histories by acknowledging that local environments, events and attitudes as well as global environments, events and attitudes shaped anxieties and policies. Global ideas, often operating at a local level, played a role in reinforcing and providing solutions to New Zealand�s environmental anxieties. This thesis also acknowledges the on-going significance of Christianity in under-girding ideas about improvement and environmental protection. Most significantly, perhaps, this study underlines both that many settlers displayed an emotional attachment to the New Zealand environment and that most colonists wanted to ensure the long-term productivity of its lands.

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

39

Clayton, Neil, i n/a. "Weeds, people and contested places : selected themes from the history of New Zealanders and their weeds 1770-1940". University of Otago. Department of History, 2007. http://adt.otago.ac.nz./public/adt-NZDU20071129.105550.

Pełny tekst źródła

Streszczenie:

This study examines three basic questions. Why did so many familiar floral species with which agricultural people have more or less successfully contested places for some 10,000 years apparently become highly problematic in New Zealand? How did those in whom the developing contest aroused considerable anxiety try to solve the problems they saw emerging? And what were the outcomes of their chosen courses of action? This study is organised around three main themes, science, the law and agricultural practices. Within each theme I take into consideration the ways New Zealanders used particular aspects of these broad disciplines to try to identify, understand and solve the problems they perceived to have been caused by their weedy biota. I also consider the extent to which recourse to these means has helped or hindered the ends they sought. The methodology adopted for this study is a variation of an 'organisational approach', advocated by the German environmental historian Frank Uekoetter. It focuses on the ways responses to perceived environmental problems are organised within a society. From my use of Uekoetter�s model I conclude that, despite a number of setbacks during the mid to late 19th century, by 1939 New Zealanders had developed highly dynamic processes within their weed science, extending into the wider farming community, by which they could feel their way with some confidence into a future where they might better manage the contest with their weeds, if not actually eradicate them.

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

40

Gore, James Michael. "Representations of history and nation in museums in Australia and Aotearoa New Zealand : the National Museum of Australia and the Museum of New Zealand, Te Papa Tongarewa /". [Australia] : J. Gore, 2002. http://eprints.unimelb.edu.au/archive/00000320.

Pełny tekst źródła

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

41

van, de Wijdeven Petronella Johanna Maria, i n/a. "From art souvenir to tourist kitsch : a cultural history of New Zealand Paua shell jewellery until 1981". University of Otago. Department of History, 2009. http://adt.otago.ac.nz./public/adt-NZDU20090429.162501.

Pełny tekst źródła

Streszczenie:

This cultural history of paua shell jewellery redresses the lack of visibility of such objects as a significant part of 20th century New Zealand material culture and provides a basis for a more balanced interpretation beyond its stereotyping as tourist kitsch. It questions why quality paua shell jewellery made before the late 1960s failed to gain recognition with most New Zealanders until fairly recently as anything other than tourist souvenirs. Over 1,500 items of paua shell jewellery, mainly in private collections, formed the basis for this multidisciplinary research project that incorporates historical, anthropological and material culture studies approaches to write a cultural history of such jewellery. The objects were photographed and where available, their provenance recorded. A visual analysis of the items - paying attention to details of design and construction - established various, often overlapping categories that facilitated the dating and identification process. Gradually, a picture of the production of paua shell jewellery over the decades emerged. The wider socio-cultural context was then built using archival sources, various publications, conversations with one-time industry representatives, and discussions with original owners of paua shell jewellery. Interpretation of the material established multiple roles for paua shell jewellery over the decades for various groups of people. Changes over time provided insights into aspects of identity creation by New Zealanders. Until the 1920s, the shell�s main role had been as a European applied arts material and as inlay for Maori woodcarvings. Paua shell as a commercial souvenir material developed during the Depression and was shaped by the interaction between an emerging nationalism and a democratising of travel in New Zealand. Paua shell native bird brooches functioned as affordable alternatives to greenstone souvenirs for the working-class tourists that began exploring their own country. In addition to its role as emblems of nationhood in the interwar years, paua shell jewellery had meaning as souvenirs for American servicemen stationed in New Zealand during the War, and as patriotic tokens for its own population due to its association with disabled servicemen. Paua shell jewellery functioned as acknowledgement of settlement for European immigrants in the post war era, and as travel memento for trans-Tasman tourists from the mid 1950s. New Zealand girls received paua shell items as first jewellery, and women wore it as dress or costume jewellery. Until the increase of tourism in the 1960s, paua shell jewellery had existed on a number of planes. The exploitation of paua shell by the tourist industry, however, upset the balance and its dominance as souvenir forced a retreat of alternative uses. Other than as tourist souvenir, paua shell jewellery became invisible to the local population. Their withdrawal from an association with paua shell as a cultural marker of national identity explains why so many New Zealanders were uncertain about liking or disliking paua shell jewellery until recently.

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

42

Campbell, Elliott. "Scottish identity in Dunedin and Christchurch to c.1920 : an application of the new 'British history' to New Zealand". Thesis, University of Canterbury. Department of History, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/2454.

Pełny tekst źródła

Streszczenie:

In 1974 historian J. G. A. Pocock made a plea for a new subject, which he termed "British history", It was a request for a re-examination of the term, to invest it with new meaning. Previously, British history was often simply the history of England writ large, ignoring the heterogeneity of the Atlantic Archipelago. Pocock argued for the recognition of cultural plurality within the British context, so that the history of the British Isles could truly be British in scope. This thesis attempts to answer Pocock's call by extending the study of British history to New Zealand. After examining the historiographical issues raised by the notion of British history in relation to England, Scotland and Wales, it explores those issues in relation to New Zealand. In particular the expression of Scottish identity within the British context in Dunedin, with some comparative material on the Scots in Christchurch. It begins with the attempt to establish in 1848 a Free Church of Scotland settlement in Otago which attempted to be both Scottish and British. The Scottish element was threatened by non-Scottish British immigrants who became numerically preponderant, although the Scots remained a large minority group. Scottish identity continued to flourish within a British context. Indeed, even in the predominantly Anglican and English settlement established in Canterbury in 1850 did Scottish identity express itself. The thesis examines the organised expressions of Scottish identity to c. 1920. In particular, it explores the expressions of identity associated with institutions like the Caledonian societies. It also explores issues of identity raised by the cult of the Scottish poet Robert Burns. Finally, it suggests that hints of a New Zealand identity began to emerge within a British context during the First World War.

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

43

Jordan, Charlotte Ann. "Identifying, characterising and modifying the natural history and progression of keratoconus in New Zealand/ Aotearoa". Thesis, University of Auckland, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2292/19647.

Pełny tekst źródła

Streszczenie:

Keratoconus, the focus of this thesis, is a progressive ectasia (thinning/bowing) of the cornea thought to be more prevalent in New Zealand with a predilection for Maori and Pacific populations. Keratoconus occurs due to a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Typically, diagnosis of keratoconus is made on the basis of clinical and corneal topographic/tomographic signs. A large population of advanced keratoconics was analysed for tomographic and phenotypic variations between subjects with differing aetiological risk factors. This study specifically identified phenotypic differences occurring between subjects with, and without, a family history. The results confirmed over-representation of Maori and Pacific ethnicities in the New Zealand keratoconic population and identified largely asymmetric corneal disease by tomographic classification. The Ocular Response Analyser (ORA) was employed to investigate the intrinsic biomechanical properties of the normal and keratoconic cornea. Significant correlations were observed between posterior corneal elevation and corneal resistance factor in the keratoconic cohort. However, no single ORA value was identified as a discriminator of keratoconus, nonetheless, combining these factors may increase their diagnostic sensitivity. Corneal collagen cross-linking aims to halt, or slow, the progression of keratoconus. This novel therapy involves utilising ultra violet light (UVA) and the photosensitiser riboflavin to stimulate formation of covalent bonds between corneal collagen fibrils. This improves the mechanical rigidity of the cornea and increases resistance to the ectatic process. In a large randomised contolled trial (RCT) of collagen cross-linking for keratoconus in New Zealand, corneal keratometry reduced (improved) in the majority of treated eyes, while visual acuity and refraction remained stable. In contrast, control, untreated, contralateral eyes showed continued progression in both keratometric and refractive indices. A unique quantitative study by in vivo confocal microscopy revealed significant reduction in the sub-basal nerve plexus and anterior keratocyte density following cross-linking in keratoconus. These effects persisted over 12 months post-operatively. Dense hyperreflective bands developed in the corneal mid-stroma following treatment that reduced in intensity over 24 months post cross-linking. These inter-related studies provide new data on keratoconus in New Zealand, on the application of diagnostic techniques, and the safety and effectiveness of collagen crosslinking for keratoconus in a large RCT.

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

44

Brown, Margaret Mary Selman. "Genealogical Family History in Aotearoa-New Zealand: From Community of Practice to Transdisciplinary Academic Discourse?" The University of Waikato, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10289/2561.

Pełny tekst źródła

Streszczenie:

Genealogical Family Historians conduct research in order to reconstruct genealogical families, through the application of a rigorous methodology: weighing the evidence for placing each individual in a family group, linking family groups of the past and making contact with kin of the present. Genealogical Family Historians trace the movements and migrations of identified individuals and family groups; and study the local, national and international social settings of lives lived in families and households in different times and places, over many generations. A large worldwide Community of Practice with many constituent groups, including the New Zealand Society of Genealogists Incorporated, has formed itself around this research activity. In this transdisciplinary study focused on social learning, I have explored and analysed the domain, the practice and the community of Genealogical Family Historians researching in and from Aotearoa-New Zealand during the past 50 years. Genealogical Family Historians meet formally and informally, in small groups or at large conferences to pursue their self-directed learning. The collaborative practice includes publishing and teaching; and the locating, preserving and indexing of records. Many conduct research and communicate with others in the new world of cyberspace. My overarching research question has been: where is the future place for this scholarly discourse? My approach to this study is transdisciplinary: my point-of-view is above and across departments and disciplines. The ethos and vision of transdisciplinarity is attained only through existing disciplines, and transdisciplinary research has the potential to contribute to those disciplines, as I demonstrate in this thesis. The transdisciplinary scholarly discourse of Genealogical Family History owes much to the disciplines of history, geography and sociology; and draws on biology, law, religious studies, linguistics, demography, computer science and information technology. I have also drawn on understandings from my own prior and concurrent disciplinary knowledge and experience for this study. Other Genealogical Family Historians bring different disciplinary understandings to the discourse that is Genealogical Family History. My positionality is that of an insider, an involved member of the Community of Practice for many years. In this study, I have allowed my key informants to speak with their own voices; and I have sought illustration and evidence from documentation and observation in the wider Genealogical Family History Community, past and present. I have used enhanced reflection on my own practice in my analysis and in case studies. This study demonstrates how the Community of Practice has played an important role in developing a transdisciplinary mode of inquiry and suggests that there are some generic features of the field and practice of Genealogical Family History that form the substance of a transdisciplinary discourse ready to take its place in academia.

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

45

Braatvedt, Sue. "A history of music education in New Zealand state primary and intermediate schools 1878-1989". Thesis, University of Canterbury. Department of Music, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/3915.

Pełny tekst źródła

Streszczenie:

Music education has been part of the New Zealand curriculum since the nineteenth century yet it has not been perceived as a "mainstream" subject in the school curriculum. This research examines how music has been perceived in the curriculum, and looks at the effectiveness of the teacher in implementing music education programmes during the existence of the Department of Education between 1878 and 1989. While the Education Act of 1877 established the Department of Education, in practical terms the Department only started to function in 1878 and ceased to exist in 1989. External events such as the two economic depressions of the 1890s and the early 1930s, and the two World Wars, had a deleterious effect on music education development. In the local political arena there was inconsistency in attitudes towards the subject that further inhibited growth. The majority of immigrants during the nineteenth century were from Britain. A review of the sight singing movement in England is included in chapter one to determine why singing dominated school music in the New Zealand curriculum. In 1928 the syllabus changed from "singing" to "music." This reflected a wider concept of musical activity, including musical appreciation, movement and the playing of musical instruments. The 1920s represented an era of many new initiatives in school music, dominated by the appointment of the first Supervisor of School Music, E. Douglas Tayler. The subsequent appointments of four British music lecturers to the four Training Colleges augured well for school music. Broadcasts to schools programmes that featured prominently in the lives of many New Zealand school pupils, had begun life with Tayler's music programmes in 1931. The appointment of the National Adviser of Music, W.H. Walden Mills in 1958 represented another important milestone in music education, since no-one had held this position on a national level since Tayler's resignation 27 years earlier. Walden Mills' influence was manifest in the appointments of District Music Advisers during the 1960s who provided a much needed support service to teachers. Further developments in music education occurred during the 1970s with the implementation of special music programmes in certain schools, including the Music Teacher Scheme (MT scheme) and the composers in schools scheme. During the 1970s and 1980s awareness of other cultures became an integral part of school music programmes, and contemporary music of all kinds became an acceptable part of the school environment. Two significant events that reflected changing attitudes towards music education were the publication of the Tait Report in 1970 and the Ritchie Report in 1980. A CD accompanies the thesis giving examples of school songs published in various song books used in New Zealand schools between 1878 and 1980.

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

46

Ruth, Margaret Brown. "The antipodean sublime and the appropriations of history : Patrick White's Australia and Janet Frame's New Zealand". Thesis, University of Sussex, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.332271.

Pełny tekst źródła

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

47

Benbow, Hannah-Lee. "'I like New Zealand best' : London correspondents for New Zealand newspapers, 1884-1942 : a thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in History in the University of Canterbury /". Thesis, University of Canterbury. Humanities, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/3047.

Pełny tekst źródła

Streszczenie:

This thesis addresses the roles and experiences of fourteen London correspondents for New Zealand newspapers, 1884-1942. It argues that these correspondents made a small but significant contribution to news flow into New Zealand and that the importance of London’s role as an imperial, cultural and news-flow metropole make it central to studies of the New Zealand press during this period. However, correspondents identities as New Zealanders and the unique requirements of the New Zealand press system were also important, meaning that correspondents and their correspondence need to be addressed in terms of layered identity and of both imperial and domestic press systems.

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

48

Khanal, Abhisek. "Review of Hollow Core Floor Slab in New Zealand – History of Practice, Past Research, and Failure Modes Seen in Research and Recent Earthquakes". University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1564480135728695.

Pełny tekst źródła

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

49

Bennett, Charlotte. "For God, Country, and Empire? : New Zealand and Irish boys in elite secondary education, 1914-1918". Thesis, University of Oxford, 2018. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:9e69c34b-665b-4966-b02c-1455c240cd44.

Pełny tekst źródła

Streszczenie:

This thesis compares adolescent engagement with the First World War in Ireland and New Zealand between 1914 and 1918. Twenty-five elite boys' secondary schools are used as case studies, including Catholic and Protestant institutions. This approach not only captures a common adolescent cohort, but also brings transnational connections to the fore; Catholics comprised approximately 14 percent of New Zealand's population, at least nine-tenths of whom were of Irish descent. In addition to differentiating student behaviour from adult-articulated expectations, boys' responses to the war are juxtaposed against those of their teachers. Using school periodicals, newspapers, and memoirs, this thesis partially recovers the neglected history of adolescent wartime experiences in two under-researched regions of the British Empire. It also elucidates the ways in which hostilities disrupted age-specific concerns and practices in elite school settings. Age was critical in shaping how male non-combatants were impacted by, and reacted to, the conflict. This argument is substantiated by in-depth analyses of several related themes, including 'war enthusiasm', death, dissent, and cultural 're-mobilization'. While the First World War was near-uniformly identified as a crucial event, staff responses were mediated by longstanding orientations and responsibilities. Teachers prioritised institutional concerns such as state funding and school status throughout. Irish and New Zealand adolescents also engaged with hostilities on their own terms; 'boy culture' and age-related interests provided a constant baseline against which external interventions into daily life were evaluated. These cross-national similarities were modulated by immediate contexts. Coercive measures implemented by the state did not always receive popular support, contributing to new political trajectories and visions of the future within particular communities. National parameters also had the final say as to when students could legally enlist. This intersection of age and place ultimately proved pivotal in determining civilian reactions to major global developments during the 1910s.

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

50

Waite, Julia. "Under construction : national identity and the display of colonial history at the National Museum of Singapore and the Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa : a thesis submitted to the Victoria University of Wellington in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Museum and Heritage Studies /". ResearchArchive@Victoria e-Thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10063/1039.

Pełny tekst źródła

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

Rozprawy doktorskie na temat „New Zealand history”

Utwórz poprawne odniesienie w stylach APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard i wielu innych