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Kneeshaw, Stephen, Richard Harvey, D'Ann Campbell, Robert W. Dubay, John T. Reilly, James F. Marran, Ann W. Ellis i in. "Book Reviews". Teaching History: A Journal of Methods 10, nr 2 (4.05.2020): 82–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.33043/th.10.2.82-96.
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Robert William Fogel and G. R. Elton. Which Road to the Past? Two Views of History. New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 1983. Pp. vii, 136. Cloth, $14.95. Review by Stephen Kneeshaw of The School of the Ozarks. Emmanuel LeRoy Ladurie. The Mind and Method of the Historian. Translated by Sian Reynolds and Ben Reynolds. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1981. Pp. v, 310. Paper, $9.95. Review by Richard Harvey of Ohio University. John E. O'Connor, ed. American History/ American Television: Interpreting the Video Past. New York: Frederick Ungar Publishing Company, 1983. Pp. 463. Cloth, $17.50; Paper, $8.95. Review by D' Ann Campbell of Indiana University. Foster Rhea Dulles & Melvyn Dubofsky. Labor in America: A History. Arlington Heights, Illinois: Harlan Davidson, Inc., 1984. 4th edition. Pp. ix, 425. Cloth, $25.95. Paper, $15.95. Review by Robert W. Dubay of Bainbridge Junior College. Karen Ordahl Kupperman. Roanoke: The Abandoned Colony. Totowa, New Jersey: Rowman & Allanheld, 1984. Pp. viii, 182. Cloth, $24.95; Paper, $12.50. Review by John T. Reilly of Mount Saint Mary College. Kevin O'Reilly. Critical Thinking in American History: Exploration to Constitution. South Hamilton, Massachusetts: Hamilton-Wenham Regional High School, 1983. Pp. 86. Paper, $2.95. Teacher's Guides: Pp. 180. Paper, $12.95; Kevin O'Reilly. Critical Thinking in American History: New Republic to Civil War. South Hamilton, Massachusetts: Hamilton-Wenham Regional High School, 1984. Pp. 106. Paper, $2.95. Teacher's Guide: Pp. 190. Paper, $12.95. Review by James F. Marran of New Trier Township High School, Winnetka, Illinois. Michael J. Cassity, ed. Chains of Fear: American Race Relations Since Reconstruction. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press, 1984. Pp. xxxv, 253. Cloth, $35.00. Review by Ann W. Ellis of Kennesaw College. L. P. Morris. Eastern Europe Since 1945. London and Exeter, New Hampshire: Heinemann Educational Books, 1984. Pp. 211. Paper, $10.00. Review by Thomas T. Lewis, Mount Senario College. John Marks. Science and the Making of the Modern World. Portsmouth, New Hampshire: Heinemann Educational Books, Inc., 1983. Pp. xii, 507. Paper, $25.00. Review by Howard A. Barnes of Winston-Salem State University. Kenneth G. Alfers, Cecil Larry Pool, William F. Mugleston, eds. American's Second Century: Topical Readings, 1865-Present. Dubuque, Iowa: Kendall/ Hunt Publishing Co., 1984. Pp. viii, 381. Paper, $8.95. Review by Richard D. Schubart of Phillips Exeter Academy. Sam C. Sarkesian. America's Forgotten Wars: The Counterrevoltuionary Past and Lessons for the Future. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press, 1984. Pp. xiv, 265. Cloth, $29.95. Review by Richard Selcer of Mountain View College. Edward Wagenknecht. Daughters of the Covenant: Portraits of Six Jewish Women. Amherst: University of Massachusetts, 1983. Pp. viii, 192. Cloth, $17.50. Review by Abraham D. Kriegel of Memphis State University. Morton Borden. Jews, Turks, and Infidels. Chapel Hill and London: University of North Carolina Press, 1984. Pp. x, 163. Cloth, $17.95. Review by Raymond J. Jirran of Thomas Nelson Community College. Richard Schlatter, ed. Recent Views on British History: Essays on Historical Writing Since 1966. New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press, 1984. Pp. xiii, 524. Cloth, $50.00. Review by Fred R. van Hartesveldt of Fort Valley State College. Simon Hornblower. The Greek World, 479-323 B.C. London and New York: Methuen, 1983. Pp. xi, 354. Cloth, $24.00; Paper, $11.95. Review by Dan Levinson of Thayer Academy, Braintree, Massachusetts. H. R. Kedward. Resistance in Vichy France. New York: Oxford University Press, 1978. Paper edition 1983. Pp. ix, 311. Paper, $13.95. Review by Sanford J. Gutman of the State University of New York at Cortland.
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Liebman, Bennett. "Gambling in the New York State Constitution Before Casinos". Gaming Law Review and Economics 19, nr 6 (sierpień 2015): 428–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/glre.2015.1964.
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Шарма Сушіл Кумар. "The Tower of Babble: Mother Tongue and Multilingualism in India". East European Journal of Psycholinguistics 4, nr 1 (27.06.2017): 188–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.29038/eejpl.2017.4.1.sha.
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Since ancient times India has been a multilingual society and languages in India have thrived though at times many races and religions came into conflict. The states in modern India were reorganised on linguistic basis in 1956 yet in contrast to the European notion of one language one nation, majority of the states have more than one official language. The Linguistic Survey of India (LSI) conducted by Grierson between 1866 and 1927 identified 179 languages and 544 dialects. The first post-independence Indian census after (1951) listed 845 languages including dialects. The 1991 Census identified 216 mother tongues were identified while in 2001 their number was 234. The three-language formula devised to maintain the multilingual character of the nation and paying due attention to the importance of mother tongue is widely accepted in the country in imparting the education at primary and secondary levels. However, higher education system in India impedes multilingualism. According the Constitution it is imperative on the “Union to promote the spread of the Hindi language, to develop it so that it may serve as a medium of expression for all the elements of the composite culture of India … by drawing, wherever necessary or desirable, for its vocabulary, primarily on Sanskrit and secondarily on other languages.” However, the books translated into Hindi mainly from English have found favour with neither the students nor the teachers. On the other hand the predominance of English in various competitive examinations has caused social discontent leading to mass protests and cases have been filed in the High Courts and the Supreme Court against linguistic imperialism of English and Hindi. The governments may channelize the languages but in a democratic set up it is ultimately the will of the people that prevails. Some languages are bound to suffer a heavy casualty both in the short and long runs in the process.
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Emery, Robert A. "A Brief Research Guide to the New York State Constitution". Legal Reference Services Quarterly 8, nr 3-4 (3.11.1988): 189–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j113v08n03_08.
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Garland, L. ""Irrespective of Race, Color or Sex:" Susan B. Anthony and the New York State Constitutional Convention of 1867". OAH Magazine of History 19, nr 2 (1.03.2005): 61–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/maghis/19.2.61.
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Schutz, Derek. "Influence at the Founding: The Federalist Papers' effect on the Ratification of the Constitution". Constellations 2, nr 2 (7.06.2011): 125–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.29173/cons10500.
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While the drafting of the American Constitution in the summer of 1787 is recognized as a contentious period, the ratification of the proposed Constitution in each of the states held its own challenges. The Federalist Papers are widely seen as providing the case for the confidentially crafted Constitution, particularly in the state of New York. Yet the extent to which they played a role in convincing citizens and delegates at the time remains unclear. This essay seeks to understand the role that these 85 Federalist Papers played in the Ratification debate in the state of New York.
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Adkison, Danny M., i Lisa McNair Palmer. "American Government Textbooks and The Federalist Papers". Political Science Teacher 1, nr 1 (1988): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0896082800000015.
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It seems appropriate in this bicentennial year to examine the treatment introductory American government textbooks give the U.S. Constitution. Nearly every text devotes a chapter (typically, the second) to the events leading up to, and the writing of, the Constitution. But what of the political theory on which the Constitution is based? The Constitution, by itself, is too brief and devoid of theory to provide students with an overall assessment of that document. The source that is often relied upon by constitutional scholars to provide that theory is The Federalist Papers. It is the textbooks' treatment of these essays that we will explore here.The Federalist Papers were 85 newspaper editorials written by Hamilton, Madison, and jay, under the pseudonym Publius, in support of ratification of the proposed Constitution. The first essay was published October 27, 1787, and when the last essay was published, the authors had written 175,000 words. This was an average of 1,000 words a day, and was about 35 times the length of the Constitution itself.Hamilton initiated the project in reaction to another set of pseudonymous literature published in New York. New York support of the Constitution was essential, and it was doubtful that the state would ratify. As the seat of the central government, New York was in a pivotal position on the eastern seaboard. It had a lively commerce, and thus was not eager for change. Governor George Clinton staunchly opposed ratification. New York had not signed the Constitution because all of its delegates, except Hamilton, had left in protest and no one signatory was authorized to approve the document for the state.
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Mesa Göbel, José Manuel. "Promulgación y juramento de la Constitución de 1869 | Promulgation and Oath-taking of the 1869 Constitution". REVISTA ESTUDIOS INSTITUCIONALES 5, nr 9 (28.12.2018): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.5944/eeii.vol.5.n.9.2018.22987.
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Todo cambio de régimen en un Estado viene acompañado por trascendentes modificaciones en el ceremonial, el protocolo, sus símbolos, y en la configuración y ejecución de actos, como medio definidor y de legitimación de un nuevo régimen político y de ruptura con el anterior. En el mes de junio de 1869 se van a desarrollar una serie de actos y eventos, ya provengan de la propia iniciativa política como desde planteamientos populares que asume el poder político como vehículo de legitimación del nuevo estado político. Entre esos actos que se llevaron a cabo en ese mes en Madrid, destaca el acto solemne de promulgación y juramento de la Constitución de 1869, el cual tendrá su propia traslación a las distintas capitales de provincia y localidades relevantes, y que tras el análisis del presente estudio se podrá comprobar la profusa regulación normativa que la toma en consideración del juramento de la Norma Fundamental tuvo en numerosas instituciones, miembros y empleados de las mismas.Se trata por tanto de un acto fundamental, con un desarrollo destacado en su ceremonial tanto respecto al acto celebrado el 6 de junio de 1869 en las Cortes Constituyentes, como en todos aquellos actos que consecuencia del juramento afectará a instituciones, sus funcionarios tanto civiles como militares y otros miembros de los mismos. Se trata de una sucesiva y larga serie de disposiciones publicadas en la Gaceta de Madrid, que se alargarán hasta finales del año 1870, abarcando aspectos fundamentales del juramento, su ceremonial, fórmula, y distintos aspectos relacionados con el mismo, así como las consecuencias de no hacerlo. Por tanto, uno más de los actos y eventos solemnes que se desarrollaron en Madrid en ese mes de junio de 1869 como la inauguración del Panteón Nacional, el descubrimiento de la escultura de Mendizábal, el nombramiento del Regente y su juramento de la constitución, etc._________________Every new regime brings along transcendent modifications in a state's ceremonial, protocol, symbols, configuration and performance of ceremonies, so as to define and legitimize the new political regime while rupturing with the previous one. In June 1869, a series of ceremonies and events originated either from political initiative alone or from popular approaches that accepted political power as a means to legitimize the new political state. One of those remarkable ceremonies that were held in Madrid that month was the solemn act of promulgation and oath-taking of the 1869 Constitution, then replicated throughout all capital and major cities in the provinces. As analyzed in this study, the oath-taking of the Fundamental Law allowed for a profuse set of normative regulations that affected a number of institutions along with their members and officials.It was therefore a fundamental act carried out with outstanding formalities at the ceremony held at the Constituent Parliament on June 6, 1869, and in all the resulting ceremonies concerning institutions, their civil and military officials and other members thereof. A long, sequential series of provisions were published in the Madrid Gazette until the end of 1870to cover key aspects of oath-taking, such as its ceremonial and process, and the consequences of not carrying it out. Therefore, this oath-taking was one of the solemn ceremonies and events that took place in Madrid back in June 1869, together with the inauguration of the National Pantheon, the unveiling of Mendizábal's statue, the appointment of the Regent and his constitutional oath, and so on.
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Environmental and Energy Law Sectio, New York State Bar Association. "Report and Recommendations Concerning Environmental Aspects of the New York State Constitution". Pace Law Review 38, nr 1 (12.10.2017): 182. http://dx.doi.org/10.58948/2331-3528.1962.
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Gerber, Scott D. "THE ORIGINS OF AN INDEPENDENT JUDICIARY IN NEW YORK, 1621–1777". Social Philosophy and Policy 28, nr 1 (30.11.2010): 179–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0265052510000099.
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AbstractArticle III of the U.S. Constitution establishes an independent federal judiciary: federal courts constitute a separate branch of the national government, federal judges enjoy tenure during good behavior, and their salaries cannot be diminished while they hold office. The framers who drafted Article III in 1787 were not working from whole cloth. Rather, they were familiar with the preceding colonial and state practices, including those from New York. This essay provides a case study of New York's judicial history: the Dutch period, 1621-1664; the Ducal proprietary period, 1664-1685; the Royal period, 1685-1776; and the early state period. As will be seen, New York—among the most significant of the original thirteen states—was a state groping towards a new ideal of judicial independence: an ideal that became a reality a decade after its own constitution was enacted in 1777 and at a different level of government. Significantly, the uncertain status of New York's judiciary had profound consequences for the ultimate expression of judicial independence, judicial review.
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Savić, Sanja. "Constitution of the Kingdom of Serbia from 1888". Miscellanea Historico-Iuridica 22, nr 1 (2023): 535–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.15290/mhi.2023.22.01.22.
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In the paper, the author analyzes the adoption procedure, characteristics and significance of the Constitution of the Kingdom of Serbia from 1888. After the Kingdom of Serbia acquired the status of an independent and sovereign state by the decision of the Congress of Berlin, all restrictions regarding its constitutional arrangement disappeared. Emphasizing that the constitution of 1869 was passed illegally during his childhood, and that it gave the people too much freedom, King Milan Obrenović initiated the adoption of a new constitution. Created as a result of a political agreement between King Milan and the Radical Party, the constitution was supposed to secure the interests of both parties, i.e. the survival of the ruling dynasty on the throne and the introduction of a parliamentary system. The constitution was intended to establish a balance between the rights of the people, the ruler and the assembly. By arranging the political system of the state on the principles of parliamentarism and democracy, which sought to satisfy the interests of different layers of the Serbian citizenry, and by providing favorable conditions for further democratization of political life, the constitution of 1888 represented one of the most advanced constitutions in Europe at that time. However, practice has shown that parliamentary democracy requires a more developed social environment than the one that existed in the Kingdom of Serbia at the end of the 19th century.
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Milosavljevic, Boris. "Drafting the constitution of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes (1920)". Balcanica, nr 50 (2019): 225–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/balc1950225m.
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The Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes was internationally recognized during the Paris Peace Conference in 1919-20. Even though there was neither a provisional nor a permanent constitution of the newly-formed state, factually there was a state as well as a system of governance, represented by supreme bodies, the King and the Parliament. Many draft constitutions were prepared by different political parties and notable individuals. We shall focus on the official Draft Constitution prepared during the premiership of Stojan Protic. He appointed the Drafting Committee as a governmental (multi-ethnic) advisory team of prominent legal experts from different parts of the new state consisting of Professors Slobodan Jovanovic (President), Kosta Kumanudi and Lazar Markovic (Serbia), Professor Ladislav Polic (Croatia) and Dr Bogumil Vosnjak (Slovenia). After two months of work, the Committee submitted its draft to the Prime Minister. The leading Serbian legal scholar and president of the committee, Slobodan Jovanovic (1869-1958), was well-acquainted with the details of Austro-Hungarian and German legal traditions. Since he was an active participant and witness of the events that led to the creation of the new state, while also being an objective and critical historian, it is important to shed light on his firsthand account of the emergence of the state of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes.
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Shelley, Thomas J. "John Cardinal Farley and Modernism in New York". Church History 61, nr 3 (wrzesień 1992): 350–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3168375.
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It is now well recognized that the papal condemnation of Modernism in 1907 had a devastating effect on American Catholic intellectual life. This was particularly true in the archdiocese of New York where St. Joseph's Seminary, Dunwoodie, had been one of the leading centers of scholarly activity. Suspicion of Modernism cast a cloud over several of the professors and led to the termination of their highly-regarded journal, theNew York Review. The fate of the Dunwoodie faculty during the Modernist crisis is a story that has often been told. Less well known, however, is the effect that the condemna knowledge of the colonial situation to a larger canvas in his widely-read synoptic workAmerican Indians and Christian Missions: Studies in Cultural Conflict(Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1981). Clyde A. Milner II and Floyd A. O'Neil, eds.,Churchmen and the Western Indians, 1820–1920 (Norman, Okla.: University of Oklahoma Press, 1985) was a much-noticed collection of essays on interactions. At the middle of this period President Grant inaugurated new policies on church and state; these are well reviewed in Robert H. Keller, Jr.,American Protestantism and the United States Indian Policy, 1869–1882 (Lincoln, Neb.: University of Nebraska Press, 1983).
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Briffault, Richard. "The New York Agency Shop Fee and the Constitution after Ellis and Hudson". ILR Review 41, nr 2 (styczeń 1988): 279–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/001979398804100209.
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In its recent Ellis and Hudson decisions, the Supreme Court imposed new substantive restrictions and procedural requirements on states that authorize, and public employee unions that utilize, agency shop fees. Focusing on New York State, this study analyzes the consequences for the collection and expenditure of agency fees of the Supreme Court's new emphasis on the First Amendment basis for dissenting employees' rights. The author finds that Ellis and Hudson cast doubt on the constitutionality of some current agency fee practices. He concludes that New York's Public Employment Relations Board will have to take a more active role in policing agency fee standards and procedures than it has until now if the agency fee in New York is to withstand First Amendment scrutiny.
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Wallace, Deborah, i Rodrick Wallace. "The New York City Real Estate Industry and Voter Suppression". Built Environment 50, nr 2 (1.06.2024): 256–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.2148/benv.50.2.256.
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The built environment anchors social, economic, and political community. A limited neighbourhood milieu fosters and maintains relationships that enable a community to realize its values. Fundamental civic activities such as ge ing out the vote depend on this empowerment. Voting has declined across New York City, but especially in the Bronx, which experienced the largest decline in voting between the 1969 and 2021 mayoral elections. The South and Central Bronx is now the largest city area of extremely low voter participation. This paper explores how public policies generated by the real estate industry – specifically redlining, urban renewal, and planned shrinkage – in conjunction with the Permanent Registration article in the 1938 New York State Constitution suppressed voting. The distribution of premature mortality and other health problems in the Bronx appear to be another consequence of these policies. That is, disempowerment and health erosion appear related and stem from influence of the real estate industry on mayoral policy.
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Holt, Wythe, i James R. Perry. "Writs and Rights, “clashings and animosities”: The First Confrontation between Federal and State Jurisdictions". Law and History Review 7, nr 1 (1989): 89–120. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/743778.
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In the spring of 1789, officials elected under the Constitution met in New York to begin the work of organizing the new federal government. The federalists had won the battle for ratification, but the war to establish an accepted and respected federal structure was yet to be won. The opponents of centralized government had been subdued, but not conquered. Issues that had caused heated debate in the Constitutional Convention and in the state ratifying conventions lay just beneath the surface and could be revived easily. Any resurgence could shake the foundation of the new federal edifice.
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Dorsey, Jennifer. "Conscription, Charity, and Citizenship in the Early Republic: The Shaker Campaign for Alternative Service". Church History 85, nr 1 (29.02.2016): 140–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0009640715001389.
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The War of 1812 ignited a fierce debate in New York about the rights, duties, and responsibilities of citizens in wartime. Two counties in the Upper Hudson River Valley (Rensselaer and Columbia) openly revolted against Governor Daniel D. Tompkins's draft of local militiamen. In September 1812, opponents of the war met in a countywide assembly where they declared the federal draft of the New York militia an “assumption of power, unwarranted by the constitution, [and] dangerous to the rights and privileges of the good people of this state.” The assembly further resolved to defy the governor's detachment order, and as a result, less than a third of the 860 militiamen drafted from Columbia and Rensselaer Counties appeared at the designated rendezvous points. Within weeks, the governor convened the first of three courts-martial to prosecute militiamen “who failed, neglected or refused to obey the orders of the commander in Chief of the said State.” As late as 1818, the New York State legislature insisted upon making a “salutary example” of men who “disregard the voice of duty and the requisitions of law.”
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Downs, Donald A. "Reaching Beyond Democracy as Process - Martin Edelman: Democratic Theories and the Constitution. (Albany, New York: State University of New York Press, 1984. Pp. 311. $39.50.)". Review of Politics 48, nr 1 (1986): 135–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s003467050003761x.
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Furner, Mary O. "DEFINING THE PUBLIC GOOD IN THE U.S. GILDED AGE, 1883–1898: “FREEDOM OF CONTRACT” VERSUS “INTERNAL POLICE” IN THE TORTURED HISTORY OF EMPLOYMENT LAW AND REGULATION". Journal of the Gilded Age and Progressive Era 17, nr 2 (kwiecień 2018): 241–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1537781417000822.
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Long recognized as a case that left tenement cigar workers in New York City unprotected from hazards to their health, the New York State high court'sIn re Jacobsruling in 1885 also raised anew disagreements regarding the extent of legislative powers known as “police” that were reserved to the states by the federal constitution. Upholding unfettered freedom of contract, theJacobsruling prevailed as a governing precedent through a string of related cases until its reversal inHolden v. Hardy, 1898, a working hours law for Utah miners and smelter workers. BetweenJacobsandHolden, new thinking emerged on the meaning of class, the role of government, and the drivers of the wealth of nations. InHolden, drawing fromMunn v. Illinois, the U.S. Supreme Court located a public interest in sustaining the health and strength of such workers on the grounds that the entire public depended on their productive capacity to ensure the public good of a strong and growing state economy. This precedent did not hold for New York State bakers inLochner v. New York, but it became controlling again inWest Coast Hotel v. Parish, which elevated the broadened conception of “police” fromHoldento the national level. As labor union membership along with other vital structures of the New Deal order have declined during the New Gilded Age, employment regulation has tended to relapse toward the individualist, contractarian regime of the Old Gilded Age announced inIn re Jacobs.
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Dong, Yuning, Zihua Li i Wentian Zhong. "Analysis of Average Air Temperature in New York based on SARIMA Model". Highlights in Science, Engineering and Technology 49 (21.05.2023): 148–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/hset.v49i.8495.
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Temperature prediction is one of the most vital part of weather forecasting. The temperature change has a great impact on agricultural, environmental evolution, human activities etc. The monthly average temperature of the Central Park Meteorological Observatory from 1869 to 2020 is the data to get sorted and analyzed. The SARIMA model is selected to forecast and analyze the monthly mean temperature of New York City. The first step is using the ADF test to check whether the original time series are basically stable, and through the test, the period was obviously 12. Then, by comparing with the data of first-order difference and first-order seasonal difference, the AIC value of the original time series was the smallest, it is no need to carry out the difference. The function in R is used to determine the order, and it is found that SARIMA (1,0,2) (2,1,0,12) model has the best fitting effect. Meanwhile, the residual is no autocorrelation of white noise. Finally, the average monthly temperature from 2010 to 2020 is predicted based on the original data. The difference between the predicted temperature and the actual temperature in most months is less than 5%, and the model is basically consistent with the reality. However, during the counting of the average annual temperature, the prediction results are almost unchanged after using the monthly data. This situation is quite different from the current state.
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Kuenning, Paul P. "New York Lutheran Abolitionists. Seeking a Solution to a Historical Enigma". Church History 58, nr 1 (marzec 1989): 52–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3167678.
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Among nineteenth-century North American Lutherans the only corporate body to take an early, serious, and vigorous stand on behalf of the abolition of human slavery was a small group in upper New York State called the Franckean Evangelic Synod.1 On 25 May 1837, at a meeting held in a small country chapel in Minden township, Montgomery County, four Lutheran clergymen and twenty-seven lay delegates broke with the Hartwick Synod and formed the new association. It was named after the German Lutheran Pietist cleric and humanitarian August Hermann Francke (1663–1727). The abolitionist convictions of the Franckean Synod were embedded in the main body of its constitution. No minister who was a slaveholder or engaged in the traffic of human beings or advocated the system of slavery then existing in the United States could be accepted into the synod nor could a layperson practicing any of the above serve as a delegate to synodical meetings.2 By 1848 these restrictions were increased to include laity who “justified the sin of slavery” and clergy “who did not oppose” it.3 Such precise constitutional requirements in opposition to human slavery remain without precedent in the history of the Lutheran church.
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Lockman, Martin, Evan Bianchi, Sean Di Luccio i Vincent Nolette. "The Private Litigation Impact of New York’s Green Amendment". Columbia Journal of Environmental Law 49, nr 2 (10.05.2024): 357–424. http://dx.doi.org/10.52214/cjel.v49i2.12631.
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The increasing urgency of climate change, combined with federal environmental inaction under the Trump Administration, inspired a wave of environmental action at the state and local level. Building on the environmental movement of the 1970s, activists have pushed to amend more than a dozen state constitutions to include “green amendments”—self-executing individual rights to a clean environ-ment. In 2022, New York activists succeeded, and New York’s Green Amendment (the NYGA) now provides that “Each person shall have a right to clean air and water, and a healthful environment.” However, the power of the NYGA and similar green amendments turns on judicial interpretations of their scope. In the first decision to reach the issue, a New York trial court held, with little analysis, that the NYGA provides no private rights against private polluters. This conclusion could severely limit the reach and significance of state envi-ronmental rights. This article examines a single question: Does the NYGA grant private rights that are enforceable against private parties? In answering this question, we examine the 50-year history of private litigation under green amendments, the substance and historical context of the NYGA, and the broader structure of New York’s constitution and environmental law. We conclude that the New York trial court got it wrong, and that the NYGA does provide a private cause of action against private parties. We further assess the indirect impact of constitutional envi-ronmental rights on private litigation, and conclude that the NYGA will have an enormous impact on private litigation generally, irrespective of whether New York’s courts reject private litigation under the NYGA. This discussion provides a novel evaluation of the shadow that consti-tutional changes cast on non-constitutional law.
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Sarat, Austin. "Our Elusive Constitution: Silences, Paradoxes, Priorities. By Daniel N. Hoffman. Albany: State University of New York Press, 1997. 297p. $19.95." American Political Science Review 92, nr 1 (marzec 1998): 204. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2585944.
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Brown, Kate Elizabeth. "Rethinking People v. Croswell: Alexander Hamilton and the Nature and Scope of “Common Law” in the Early Republic". Law and History Review 32, nr 3 (sierpień 2014): 611–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0738248014000248.
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While serving in the New York Assembly in 1787, Alexander Hamilton identified a problematic clause in New York's constitution. Remarking on an act for settling intestate estates, Hamilton asked, “The question is what is meant in the constitution, by this phrase ‘the common law’?” He went on to describe an important distinction in his legal and constitutional thought: These words have in a legal view two senses, one more extensive, the other more strict. In their most extensive sense, they comprehend the [British] constitution, of all those courts which were established by memorial custom, such as the court of chancery, the ecclesiastical court, &c. though these courts proceed according to a peculiar law. In their more strict sense, they are confined to the course of proceedings in the courts of Westminster in England, or in the supreme court of this state. After suggesting that the constitution's reference to “common law” encompassed more than just the case reports generated by the central courts in Westminster, Hamilton determined that, “I view it as a delicate and difficult question; yet, I am inclined to think that the more extensive sense may be fairly adopted.” Although Hamilton referred here only to the intestacy bill, the distinction between a “strict” and an “extensive” common law would animate his constitutional and legal thought, many years later, during his famous defense of Federalist publisher Harry Croswell.
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Pavel, Carmen E. "Europe’s Functional Constitution: A Theory of Constitutionalism Beyond the State. By Turkuler Isiksel. New York: Oxford University Press, 2016. 280p. $89.00 cloth." Perspectives on Politics 17, nr 02 (15.05.2019): 544–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1537592719000872.
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Susskind, Jacob L., Robert Fischer, Robert B. Luehrs, Joseph M. McCarthy, Pasquale E. Micciche, Bullitt Lowry, Linda Frey i in. "Book Reviews". Teaching History: A Journal of Methods 10, nr 1 (20.04.2020): 35–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.33043/th.10.1.35-45.
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J. M. MacKenzie. The Partition of Africa, 1880-1900. London and New York: Methuen, 1983. Pp. x, 48. Paper, $2.95. Review by Leslie C. Duly of Bemidji State University. C. Joseph Pusateri. A History of American Business. Arlington Heights, Illinois: Harlan Davidson, Inc., 1984. Pp. xii, 347. Cloth, $25.95; Paper, $15.95. Review by Paul H. Tedesco of Northeastern University. Russell F. Weigley. History of the United States Army. Enlarged edition. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1984. Pp. vi, 730. Paper, $10.95. Review by Calvin L. Christman of Cedar Valley College. Jonathan H. Turner, Royce Singleton, Jr., and David Musick. Oppression: A Socio-History of Black-White Relations in America. Chicago: Nelson-Hall, 1984. Cloth, $24.95; Paper, $11.95. Review by Thomas F. Armstrong of Georgia College. H. Warren Button and Eugene F. Provenzo, Jr. History of Education and Culture in America. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1983. Pp. xvii, 370. Cloth, $20.95. Review by Peter J. Harder. Vice President, Applied Economics, Junior Achievement Inc. David Stick. Roanoke Island: The Beginnings of English America. Chapel Hill and London: University of North Carolina Press, 1983. Pp. xiv, 266. Cloth, $14.95; Paper, $5.95. Review by Mary E. Quinlivan of the University of Texas of the Permian Basin. John B. Boles. Black Southerners 1619-1869. Lexington: The University Press of Kentucky, 1983. Pp. ix, 244. Cloth, $24.00; Paper, $9.00. Review by Kay King of Mountain View College. Elaine Tyler May. Great Expectations: Marriage and Divorce in Post-Victorian America. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1980. Pp. viii, 200. Cloth, $15.00; Paper, $6.95. Review by Barbara J. Steinson of DePauw University. Derek McKay and H. M. Scott. The Rise of the Great Powers, 1648-1815. London: Longman, 1983. Pp. 368. Paper, $13.95. Review by Linda Frey of the University of Montana. Jack S. Levy. War in the Modern Great Power System, 1495-1975. Lexington: The University Press of Kentucky, 1983. Pp. xiv, 215. Cloth, $24.00. Review by Bullitt Lowry of North Texas State University. Lionel Kochan and Richard Abraham. The Making of Modern Russia. Second Edition. New York: Penguin Books, 1983. Pp. 544. Paper, $7.95. Review by Pasquale E. Micciche of Fitchburg State College. D. C. B. Lieven. Russia and the Origins of the First World War. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1983. Pp. 213. Cloth, $25.00. Review by Joseph M. McCarthy of Suffolk University. John F. V. Kieger. France and the Origins of the First World War. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1983. Pp. vii, 201. Cloth, $25.00. Review by Robert B. Luehrs of Fort Hays State University. E. Bradford Burns. The Poverty of Progress: Latin Amerca in the Nineteenth Century. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1980. Pp. 185. Paper, $6.95. Review by Robert Fischer of the Southern Technical Institute. Anthony Seldon and Joanna Pappworth. By Word of Mouth: Elite Oral History. London and New York: Methuen, 1983. Pp. xi, 258. Cloth, $25.00; Paper, $12.95. Review by Jacob L. Susskind of the Pennsylvania State University, The Capitol Campus.
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BARAN, Zoya. "National question in Poland: according to the survey of the Warsaw periodical Kurjer Polski (1924)". Problems of slavonic studies 70 (2021): 43–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/sls.2021.70.3736.
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Background. At the beginning of the 1920’s, after establishing the borders of the restored Polish State, its eastern territories were dominated by the Ukrainian, Belarusian and Lithuanian populations, and in the western part, a significant percentage were Germans. Accordingly, the state faced the problem of developing a constructive policy towards national minorities. Purpose. The article analyzes the attitude of the Polish intellectual elite to the prob-lem of national minorities, whose opinions were partially reflected in a poll conducted in July and August 1924 by the liberal Warsaw newspaper “Kurjer Polski”. The discussion intensified, in particular, due to the expiration of the government’s commitment to give Eastern Galicia autonomy, the preparation of a government law on education (known as Lex Grabski). Results. The opening of a Ukrainian university was a part of the problem. At the request of the government, the academic community of the Jagiellonian University expressed its views in June, which generally welcomed the idea of opening a separate Ukrainian university in Lviv, Warsaw or Krakow. “Kurjer Polski” published reflections of intellectuals representing different regions of the country and political currents: socialists (A. Śliwiński – Warsaw), nationalists (S. Bukowiecki – Vilno), conservatives (Fr. Bossowsky, T. Dembowsky – Vilno; E. Hauswald – Lviv ). The basis for solving the problem at that time, most authors called the provisions of the March 1921 Constitution on the main democratic rights of citizens, unanimously called for creating opportunities for cultural and national development of national minorities, hoping for the consolidation of the state. It was emphasized the need to take into account the individual characteristics of each minority and regional specifics. In particular, E. Hauswald considered the experience of the Austro-Hungarian monarchy of the early twentieth century as an example of solving the problem (Moravian Compensation 1905 and The Bukovinian Compromise 1910). Quite controversial about the essence of Belarusian (Belarusians are not a nation that encompasses all segments of society, but only the mass of the peasantry is devoid of any political ambitions; Belarusian language is a set of dialects that makes a gradual transition from Russian to Polish; literary Belarusian lan-guage is artificially created, the population does not understand it) and Ukrainian (did not deny the existence of political ambitions, but emphasized the significant differences in Volhynia and Eastern Galicia and dependence on external support) national movements were the reflections of Fr. Bossovsky, who, however, supported the idea of granting national minorities freedom of cultural development. Lviv lawyer J. Makarewicz (representative of the Christian Democrats) called for a policy of state assimilation towards Ukrainians and Belarusians, tactics of “state indifference” towards Jews, Russians and Germans. However, despite the existence of such ideas in the Polish intellectual environment, government circles have chosen the concept of a unitary mono-national state. As early as July 1924, a law on education was passed, many articles of which were aimed at discriminating against national minorities. And further changes in the political life of the country only exacerbated the problem, which was not solved throughout the interwar period. Keywords: Fr. Bossowski, S. Bukowiecki, T. Dembowski, interwar Poland, E. Hauswald, Kurjer Polski, J. Makarewicz, national question, A. Śliwiński. A never-extinguishing volcano, 1924. Kurjer Polski, May 31, р.2. (In Polish) Announcement of the National Electoral Commission on November 24, 1930, s. 1. [online] Avialable at: http://isap.sejm.gov.pl/isap.nsf/download.xsp/ WMP19302720369/ O/M19300369. pdf [Accessed 15 march 2021]. (In Polish) Baran, Z., 1998. On the question of the agrarian policy of the governments of interwar Poland towards Western Ukraine. Visnyk of the Lviv University, 33. Series History. Lviv, pp.146–153. (In Ukrainian) Baran, Z., 2011. Julian Makarevich’s socio-political views. In: Historical sights of Galicia. Proceedings of the fifth scientific conference on local history, 12 november 2010. Lviv, рр.188–198. (In Ukrainian) Bezuk, O., 2019. The reaction of the Western Ukrainian and world community to the death of Olga Levitska-Basarab. In: The modern movement of science: theses add. VII In-ternational Scientific and Practical Internet Conference, 6–7 june 2019. Dnipro, pp.75–81. (In Ukrainian) Bojarski, Р., 2015. Piłsudski’s May Coup in commentaries of “Dziennik Wileński” journalists. The Scientific Journals of the Learned Society of Ostrołęka, 29, рр.101–114. (In Polish) Bohachevsky-Chomiak, М., 1981. The Ukrainian university in Galicia. Harvard Ukrainian Studies, 5(4). Published by Harvard Ukrainian Research Institute, pp.497–545. (In English) Bossowski, F., 1924. Any irritating policy must be abandoned. Kurjer Polski, August 24, р.3. (In Polish) Bukowiecki, S., 1922. The policy of independent Poland. Essay of the program. War-saw: Ignis S.A. (In Polish) Bukowiecki, S., 1924. Providing cultural development for minorities unites them with the State. Kurjer Polski, July 4, р.2. (In Polish) Czekaj, К., 2011. Artur Śliwiński (1877–1953). Politician, publicist, historian. Warsaw. (In Polish) Dąbrowski, P., 2020. Belarussian and Jewish issues in the political and legal thought of polish groups in Vilnius in the first years of independence – selected issues. Studia juridica Lublinensia, 29(4). Pomeranian University in Slupsk, pp.59–70. (In English) Dembowski, T., 1924. May everyone in Poland be fine. Kurjer Polski, August 10, р.4. (In Polish) Do you know who it is?, 1938. S. Łozа, ed. Warsaw: Wydawnictwo Głównej księgarni wojskowej. [online] Avialable at: https://prokuratoria.gov.pl/index.php?p=m&idg=m3,113 [Accessed 23 march 2021] (In Polish) Hauswald, Е., 1924. It is necessary to adhere to the principles of fairness and compre-hensive tolerance. Kurjer Polski, August 7, р.2. (In Polish) Hud, B., 2018. From the history of ethnosocial conflicts. Ukrainians and Poles in the Dnieper region, Volhynia and Eastern Galicia in the XIX–first half of the XX century. Harkiv: Akta. (In Ukrainian) Holzer, J. 1974. Political mosaic of the Second Polish Republic. Warsaw: Książka і Wiedza. (In Polish) Jászi, O., 1929. The Dissolution of the Habsburg Monarchy. Chicago–Illinois: The University of Chicago Press. [online] Avialable at: https://ia801603.us.archive.org/33/ items/in.ernet.dli.2015.151077/2015.151077.The-Dissolution-Of-The-Habsburg Monar-chy.pdf [Accessed 15 march 2021]. (In English) Kakareko, A., 2002. To restore the state myth: reception of the Jagiellonian heritage in the environment of the Club of Tramps Seniors in Vilnius in the 1930s. In: Poles and neighbors – distances and the interpenetration of cultures: a collection of studies, part 3. R. Wapiński, еd. Ostaszewo Gdańskie: Stepan design. (In Polish) Krykun, M. and Zashkilnyak, L., 2002. History of Poland. From ancient times to the present days. Lviv: Ivan Franko National University in Lviv. (in Ukrainian). Krzywobłocka, B., 1974. Christian Democrats 1918–1937. Warsaw: Książka і Wiedza. (In Polish) Kurjer Polski, 1924a. May 21. (In Polish) Kurjer Polski, 1924b. May 23. (In Polish) Kurjer Polski, 1924c. July 4. (In Polish) Makarewicz, J., 1924. Minorities. Lviv: Chrześcijańska Spółka Wydawnicza, 1924. (In Polish) Malycka, K., 1924. About Olga Levitsky Bessarabova. Dilo. February 23. (In Ukraini-an) Minutes of a conference held 11–12 july 1924, at the polish Ministry of Religions and Education, 1981. In: Bohachevsky-Chomiak, М., 1981. The Ukrainian university in Gali-cia. Harvard Ukrainian Studies, 5(4). Published by Harvard Ukrainian Research Institute, doc.3, pp.524–527. (In Polish) More than independence, 2001. Polish political thought 1918–1939. J. Jachymek and W. Paruch, ed. science. Lublin: Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej. (In Polish) Mudryj, V., 1948. Ukrainian University in Lviv in 1921–1925. Nurenberg: Czas. (In Ukrainian) National-State Union, 1922. Program declaration. June 28. [online] Avialable at: https://polona.pl/item/deklaracja-programowa-inc-polska-jako-narod-ani-na-chwile-nie-przestawala-istniec,NjIxNjY2NzE/0/#info:metadata [Accessed 15 march 2021]. (In Polish) Orman, E., 1989–1991. Rosner Ignacy Juliusz (1865–1926). Polish Biographical Dictionary, Vol.32. Romiszewski Aleksander – Rudowski Jan. Wrocław: National Institute of Ossolińskich – Publishing House of the Polish Academy of Sciences, рр.106–110. [online] Avialable at: https://www.ipsb.nina.gov.pl/ a/biografia/ignacy-juliusz-rosner [Ac-cessed 3 december 2021] (In Polish) Renner, K., 2005. State and nation (1899). In: National Cultural Autonomy and its Contemporary Critics. Ephraim Nimni, ed. London and New York: Routledge, рр.13–40. (In English) Reports of the faculties at the Jagellonian about the plans for Ukrainian university studies, 1981. In: Bohachevsky-Chomiak, М., 1981. The Ukrainian university in Galicia. Harvard Ukrainian Studies, 5(4). Published by Harvard Ukrainian Research Institute, doc.2, pp.521–524. (In Polish) Shabuldo, F.M., 2004. The Union of Horodło 1413. Encyclopedia of History of Ukraine: Vol.2: G-D. Kyiv: Naukova Dumka. [online] Avialable at: http://www.history. org.ua/?termin=Gorodelska_uniya_1413 [Accessed 15 march 2021] (In Ukrainian) Shvaguliak, M., 2013. Historical studies. Ukrainians at the crossroads and sharp turns of history (second half of the XIX – first half of the XX century). Lviv: Triada plus. (In Ukrainian) Smith, A. D., 1994. National Identity. Translate from English by P. Tarashchuk. Kyiv: Osnovy. (In Ukrainian) Stourzh, G., 2019. Equality of nationalities in the constitution and public administration of Austria (1848–1918). S. Paholkiv, ed. Lviv: Piramida. (In Ukrainian) Śliwiński, А., 1924. Nationalist chauvinism is the greatest obstacle to solving the matter. Kurjer Polski, August 19, р.4. (In Polish) The results of the census, 1910. Vom 31. In the Kingdoms and Countries represented in the Imperial Council – The summary results of the census. [online] Avialable at: https://anno.onb.ac.at/cgi-content/anno-plus?aid=ost&datum =0001&page=168 [Ac-cessed 12 april 2021]. (In German) Zashkilnyak, L., 1997. Genesis and consequences of the Ukrainian-Polish normaliza-tion in 1935. In: Poland and Ukraine – the Alliance of 1920 and its aftermath. Materials from the scientific conference “Poland and Ukraine – the Alliance of 1920 and its after-math”. Toruń, on November 16–18, 1995. Toruń, рр.431–454. (In Ukrainian)
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Kajon, Irene. "The Jewish Theological Seminary of Breslau and the Rabbinical College of Padua: A Comparison". transversal 14, nr 1 (23.12.2016): 45–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/tra-2016-0006.
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AbstractThe article deals with three points that refer to two important Jewish institutions of the age of emancipation, that is, the Jewish Theological Seminary of Breslau and the Rabbinical College of Padua: (1) how these Rabbinical schools were founded, (2) their courses and programs, and (3) the inspiration behind them. A comparison is outlined on the ground of these three points. The conclusion reminds the closing of these two schools, in 1938 the first and in 1871 the second, because of external events: the uprising of German antisemitism and the constitution of Italian State; and how the interesting figure of Sabato Morais, the founder in 1887 and first president of the Jewish Theological Seminary in New York, which prepares Conservative Rabbis, could in a sense be considered the heir of both these schools.
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Hussin, Iza. "Circulations of Law: Cosmopolitan Elites, Global Repertoires, Local Vernaculars". Law and History Review 32, nr 4 (2.10.2014): 773–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0738248014000479.
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Bernard Cohn once called the imperial point of view the “view from the boat”. There were other boats as well.In 1893, the sovereign state of Johor adopted the OttomanMedjelle (Meḏj̱elle-yi Aḥkām-i˚ḥʿAdliyye, the civil code applied in the Ottoman Empire since 1877), being the only state among the Muslim sultanates of the Malay Peninsula to do so. In 1895, Johor promulgated a Constitution(Undang-Undang Tubuh Kerajaan Johor), being the first state in Southeast Asia to do so. This article takes this moment, of the intersection of two types of law from quite disparate sources, as a point of departure for tracing the pathways by which law made its way from one corner of the globe to another. Taking nineteenth century Johor as our vantage point provides a new optic for mapping law's geography and temporality and for exploring the logics of law's itinerancy and its locality. The travels of law were always material, and often embodied; on ships sailing the Indian Ocean between Johor and Cairo were diplomats, merchants, pilgrims, and lawyers faced with new pressures and new possibilities; in the growing traffic in letters and newspaper reports between London and New York, Tokyo and Constantinople, were debates about empire and culture, power and authenticity; in personal relationships made possible by the technologies of nineteenth century cosmopolitanism, were similarly worldly dramas of deception and demands for justice. In the 2 short years between the adoption of theMedjelleand the Constitution in Johor, the sultan of Johor, Abu Bakar (1833–1895), typified this mobility and interconnection. In his travels across the Indian Ocean to the Near East and Europe; in his appearance in diplomatic communiques in London, Constantinople and Washington D.C.; in his prominence as a figure of exoticism and intrigue in the newspapers and the courts of the English-speaking world, the sultan not only embodied law's movements in a figurative way, he was also himself a key carrier of the law, and one of its signal articulators.
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Thompson, Elizabeth. "PALMIRA BRUMMETT, Image and Imperialism in the Ottoman Revolutionary Press, 1908–1911 (Albany: State University of New York Press, 2000). Pp. 489. $86.50 cloth, $29.95 paper." International Journal of Middle East Studies 34, nr 1 (luty 2002): 146–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020743802291060.
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The reader plunges into the whirlwind of revolution in this study of the satirical press that circulated after the Young Turks reinstated the Ottoman constitution in 1908. The brave new world depicted in the more than one hundred cartoons reprinted in this work is headed in unknown and often paradoxical directions: we see starving peasants confront fur-coated revolutionaries; dragon-headed despots leading Lady Liberty by the arm; cadaverous cholera victims patrolling the streets; and a woman steering an airplane above the revolutionary city of the future. The 1908 revolution will never look quite the same to readers familiar with the (still scant) treatment of the subject in the English language. Palmira Brummett addresses her innovative study not only to revisionist historians of the late Ottoman period, but also to a wider community of scholars interested in the history of publishing and the construction of identity in the Middle East, Europe, and elsewhere.
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Sunderland, Lane V. "Representation in Crisis: The Constitution, Interest Groups, and Political Parties. By David K. Ryden. Albany: State University of New York Press, 1996. 309p. $21.95." American Political Science Review 91, nr 2 (czerwiec 1997): 468. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2952406.
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Capellán De Miguel, Gonzalo. "Gumersindo de Azcárate: Derecho, "Selfgovernment" y Constitución inglesa". Teoría y Realidad Constitucional, nr 44 (15.11.2019): 527. http://dx.doi.org/10.5944/trc.44.2019.26027.
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Gumersindo de Azcárate (León, 1840— Madrid, 1917) fue uno de los más influyentes catedráticos de derecho y políticos de la España contemporánea. Fue un miembro activo del denominado movimiento krausista que desempeñó un importante papel en la cultura y política española tras la revolución de 1868. Desde diferentes revistas y desde la propia Universidad defendió los principios liberales y democráticos que conducían al establecimiento de su ideal: Estado de derecho. En ese contexto apoyó la nueva constitución de 1869, que Azcárate considerará siempre un referente y el mejor código fundamental de la España moderna. Con la Restauración en 1874 de la Monarquía inspirada en el doctrinarismo francés Azcárate se mostró muy crítico y propuso dirigir la mirada hacia la constitución de Inglaterra como el modelo jurídico-político a tener en cuenta. A su juicio el sistema constitucional inglés se articulaba en torno al principio del self-goverment o soberanía de la sociedad a partir del cual se construía un régimen parlamentario democrático con una administración descentralizada, un poder judicial independiente y una opinión pública que actuaba a la vez como fuente, guía y límite de los distintos poderes del Estado. Entre 1886 y 1916 Azcárate fue Diputado en el Congreso de los Diputados por el partido republicano y se implicó activamente, como presidente del Instituto de Reformas Sociales (1903), en la mejora de las condiciones de vida las clases obreras.Gumersindo de Azcárate (León, 1840— Madrid, 1917) was one the most influential Law professor and politician in Contemporary Spain. He was an active member of the so-call krausist movement that played a major role in Spanish culture and politics after the revolution of 1868. From both, journals and University he defended the liberal and democratic principles that lead to his ideal: a rule of law. In that context he supported the new constitution of 1869, regarded by Azcárate for the rest of his life as the best one in Spanish modern history. When the Restoration took place in 1874 and a constitutional Monarchy inspired in French doctinaires’ political theory was set up, Azcárate criticised it proposing to look over the Constitution of England as a model. According to his interpretation of English constitutional system, the principle of self-government or the sovereignty of society was the key principle for building a true democratic parliamentary government based on the free association of individuals, a decentralized administration, an independent judicial power and public opinion as the very source, guide and limit of all the powers of the State. From 1886 up to 1916 Azcárate became Member of the Parliament as representative of the republican party and was actively involve in the Intitute for Social Reforms (1903) that tried to improve the condition of the working classes.
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Leach, Richard H. "Liberty and Community: Canadian Federalism and the Failure of the Constitution. By Robert C. Vipond. Albany: State University of New York Press, 1991. 349p. $14.95 paper." American Political Science Review 86, nr 2 (czerwiec 1992): 568–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1964311.
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Brigham, John. "Representing Popular Sovereignty: The Constitution in American Political Culture. By Daniel Lessard Levin. Albany: State University of New York Press, 1999. 283p. $59.50 cloth, $19.95 paper." American Political Science Review 94, nr 2 (czerwiec 2000): 462–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2586044.
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Starkweather, David, i Helga U. Winold. "Extension and Contraction". American String Teacher 44, nr 2 (maj 1994): 46–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000313139404400220.
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David Starkweather is the cellist on the faculty of the University of Georgia. He grew up near San Francisco, then attended the Eastman School of Music. This was followed by four years of graduate work at the State University of New York at Stony Brook, where he studied cello with Bernard Greenhouse. In 1985, Starkweather spent half a year in Switzerland for intensive work with Pierre Fournier, earning the famous French cellist's accolade as “one of the best cellists of his generation.” He was awarded a certificate of merit as a semi-finalist in the 1986 Tchaikovsky Competition. Starkweather has been featured on the National Public Radio show Performance Today and in. a PBS one-hour recital program televised nationwide. A review in the Atlanta Constitution praised his “sensitive phrasing and Starkweather's obvious technical facility.” His previous articles for AST were “Methods of Shifting” (Winter 1988) and “Choice of Fingerings” (Summer 1990).
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Malecha, Gary Lee. "The Constitution and the American Presidency. Edited by Martin L. Fausold and Alan Shank. Albany: State University of New York Press, 1991. 323p. $49.50 cloth, 16.95 paper." American Political Science Review 86, nr 2 (czerwiec 1992): 531–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1964270.
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McQuade, Brendan Innis. "Police and the Post-9/11 Surveillance Surge: “Technological Dramas” in “the Bureaucratic Field”". Surveillance & Society 14, nr 1 (9.05.2016): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.24908/ss.v14i1.5291.
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In the last decade, the United States has invested considerable resources into an expanded intelligence apparatus that extends from the hyper-secretive federal intelligence community down to the more mundane world of municipal police. This paper investigates the effects of the post-9/11 surveillance surge on state and local policing. It presents original research on interagency intelligence centers New York and New Jersey and deploys Pfaffenberger’s “technological drama” as a process animating the neoliberal constitution of what Bourdieu calls the “bureaucratic field.” Despite seemingly dramatic changes, there exists powerful continuity in the profession of policing. Before or after Snowden, the day-to-day reality of criminal intelligence remains shaped by the immediate demands of investigations and the small politics of interagency rivalries, insulating policing from dramatic reforms and swift change. What reformers see as dysfunction is better understood as a technological drama in the bureaucratic field that paradoxically provides a degree of autonomy and slows the pace of change. This paper builds on and contributes to the tendency within surveillance studies that emphasizes the ways in which human agents and organizational cultures mediate surveillance.
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Zelef, M. Haluk. "Eastern in the West, Western in the East: Deliberate and Ambivalent Facets of the Identity of Early Republican Turkey Abroad". New Perspectives on Turkey 50 (2014): 93–144. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0896634600006592.
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AbstractThis paper represents an attempt to reflect on the Turkish identity in the formation period of the Republic, from its constitution in 1923 until 1939. The discussion is focused around two buildings that were constructed in 1939, both of which were built abroad to represent the new state; the Embassy of Turkey in Tehran and the Turkish pavilion at the New York World’s Fair. These buildings were both featured in the same issue of the architectural magazine Mimar, and offer a fruitful starting point for delving into historical and theoretical issues in identity discourse. That said, the paper goes beyond merely analyzing the different formal vocabularies and personalities of the different architects and patrons involved in commissioning these structures. Rather than addressing only the different cultural and architectural responses to the contemporary national identity debate, the paper will also consider the question of whether the host countries and the addressees of these rather symbolic buildings also had a role in their design and evaluation stages. In other words, the study aims to understand how representation in a location in the “West” or in the “East” affects the identity of a nation characterized by its duality of “West” and “East.”
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Davis, Amos Prosser. "The Bible, the School, and the Constitution: The Clash that Shaped Modern Church-State Doctrine. By Steven K. Green (New York, Oxford University Press, 2012) 294 pp. $29.95". Journal of Interdisciplinary History 43, nr 3 (grudzień 2012): 498–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jinh_r_00450.
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Batten, Roger. "Robert Parr Whitfield: Hall's Assistant Who Stayed too Long". Earth Sciences History 6, nr 1 (1.01.1987): 61–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.17704/eshi.6.1.d36v317p64885205.
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R. P. Whitfield was born near Utica in 1828. He had no formal education. He was deeply committed to natural history and joined a Utica society at 17 and bought a microscope and soon became well known as a naturalist illustrator. At 20 years of age he began working in a scientific instrument business at Utica and within a year became a partner. He caught the attention of Col. Jewett, a curator of the State Cabinet and joined the Hall paleontology group in 1856. He was Hall's chief illustrator for 10 years, gradually learning the trade and becoming Hall's chief assistant. In 1869, trouble developed over the authorship of a paper on Devonian clams and their relationship quickly deteriorated to the point that Whitfield looked for a position elsewhere, securing such at the American Museum of Natural History in 1877. Even when he left, Hall accused him of breach of contract but evidence indicates that Hall knew that he had the job in New York following the purchase of Hall's collection by the American Museum of Natural History. Whitfield became an active producer of papers on a wide variety of paleontology averaging 3-4 per year and became a major influence in Paleontology in the 1880-1900 period. He died shortly after he was retired at the age of 82 in 1910.
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Oxx, Katie M. "The Bible, The School, and the Constitution: The Clash That Shaped Modern Church-State Doctrine. By Steven K. Green. New York: Oxford University Press, 2012. vii + 294 pp. $29.95 cloth." Church History 82, nr 3 (30.08.2013): 741–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0009640713000991.
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Stone, Alec. "Federalism in Canada - Robert C. Vipond: Liberty and Community: Canadian Federalism and the Failure of the Constitution. (Albany, NY: State University of New York Press, 1991. Pp. x, 249. $14.95.)". Review of Politics 53, nr 4 (1991): 744–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0034670500016491.
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Quigley, David. "Constitutional Revision and the City: The Enforcement Acts and Urban America, 1870–1894". Journal of Policy History 20, nr 1 (styczeń 2008): 64–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/jph.0.0001.
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Congressional enactment of the Enforcement Acts in 1870 and 1871 marked an unprecedented federalization of voting rights. The various election laws aimed to make real the promise of the recently enacted Fourteenth and Fifteenth amendments to the constitution. A complex duality characterized this new departure in the constitutional understanding of democratic suffrage. On one hand, Republican leadership looked to secure the rights of freedmen in the Reconstruction-era South. At the same time, from the outset, northern Republicans strategically worked to strengthen the party in all regions with a particular interest in urban America. From the immediate postwar years down to the early 1890s, congressional committees regularly investigated the problematic and deeply partisan politics of enforcement. Often, House and Senate investigators were more concerned with developments in northern cities than with the state of African American voting across the rural South. This urban story of the consequences of constitutional revision illuminates the often-obscured national dimensions of Reconstruction and its aftermath, while also alerting us to shifting visions of the vote across the final third of the nineteenth century. This essay explores this nationalization of Reconstruction in the wake of the Fifteenth Amendment's enactment by first documenting the central place of New York City in the emerging postbellum electoral regime and then expanding out from Manhattan to look at broader patterns of urban experience with enforcement.
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McGuire, Robert A. "Liberty, Property, and the Foundations of the American Constitution. Edited by Ellen Frankel Paul and Howard Dickman. Albany: State University of New York Press, 1989. Pp. ix, 181. $39.50, cloth; $12.95, paper." Journal of Economic History 49, nr 4 (grudzień 1989): 1046–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002205070000989x.
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Presser, Stephen. "M. N. S. Sellers, Republican Legal Theory: The History, Constitution, and Purposes of Law in a Free State, New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2003. Pp. x + 200. $69.95 (ISBN 1-4039-1575-X)." Law and History Review 23, nr 3 (2005): 722–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0738248000000717.
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BESHAROV, GREGORY. "A Revolution in Favor of Government: Origins of the U.S. Constitution and the Making of the American State. By Max M. Edling. New York: Oxford University Press, 2003. Pp. x, 333. $35." Journal of Economic History 64, nr 4 (grudzień 2004): 1139–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022050704243121.
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Juntami, Aulia Pengdaviera. "PANCASILA AND PEACE: PERAN INDONESIA DALAM MEDIASI KONFLIK ISRAEL-PALESTINA; IMPLEMENTASI PANCASILA PADA DIPLOMASI PERDAMAIAN DUNIA". Jurnal Diplomasi Pertahanan 9, nr 3 (31.10.2023): 26–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.33172/jdp.v9i3.14503.
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Abstract. At the 78th UN General Assembly Session in New York, the Indonesian Minister of Foreign Affairs expressed Indonesia's concern about the condition of the Palestinian people in the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. This speech also emphasized that Indonesia would not stop providing support for the Palestinian people to gain independence. During the conflict, both parties have violated human rights, namely the right to live in safety and other rights. This phenomenon is in stark contrast to the foundation of the Indonesian state, Pancasila. Pancasila, as a national ideology, aspires to justice and prosperity for every individual. In the 1945 Constitution, Indonesia stated that it rejected colonialism and was ready to participate in world order. This commitment is proven by Indonesia's diplomatic activities for world peace. The free and active political system and the Non-Aligned Movement practiced by Indonesia really support Indonesia to become a neutral mediator in regional and international conflicts. This article examines the implementation of Pancasila in world peace, especially in efforts to mediate the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. The research was carried out using qualitative methods with analytical descriptions of data collected using library study techniques. World peace diplomacy based on Pancasila is non-interventionist and respects the sovereignty of other countries. Apart from that, diplomacy based on Pancasila upholds humanity, social justice and the welfare of all people. This is practiced in efforts to mediate the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. Pancasila, with its principles, provides a strong basis for supporting world peace. Indonesia, as a country that upholds Pancasila, has an important role in promoting these values at the international level and contributing to joint efforts to achieve a more peaceful, just and civilized world.
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Gebarowski-Shafer, Ellie. "The Bible, the school and the constitution. The clash that shaped modern Church–State doctrine. By Steven K. Green. Pp. viii + 294 incl. 6 figs. New York–Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2012. £18.99. 978 0 19 982790 9". Journal of Ecclesiastical History 65, nr 3 (12.06.2014): 708–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002204691300300x.
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Đurić, Katarina. "PRIVREDA KRAGUJEVCA U PERIODU VELIKE KRIZE (1929 – 1934)". Šumadijski anali 17, nr 11 (2021): 140–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.46793/sanali17.11.140dj.
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During the creation of the modern Serbian state, Kragujevac had a continuous development, primarilythanks to its geographical position, and then to various political decisions. At the beginning of the 20th century it was the Turkish city and over time it became a real European city with all those elements of development in the 19th century. First of all, thanks to the wisdom of Prince Miloš Obrenović, various institutions were founded in Kragujevac, both administrative and educational and also cultural, and thanks to him Kragujevac became not only the center of the principality of Serbia, still under the supreme Ottoman rule, but also the center of liberation movements, which developed in this period not only in the Serbian national territories but also throughout the Balkans. The decisions of the Turkish sultans were read in Kragujevac,enablingthe city with a wide degree of autonomy so that the release from external pressure became stronger and the internal influence was felt less and less. In the process, internal political freedoms processes were also getting stronger. The Sretenje Constitution passed in 1835, and it foresaw the restriction of the Prince's power and the division into judicial executive and legislative power. The development of political freedoms was unstoppable and a certain number of laws were passed, predicting economic freedom. After passing the Constitution in 1869, and political events culminated in Kragujevac, the Principality of Serbia became an independent state, in August 1878, with the declaration of the decisions of the Congress of Berlin. Political actions after this period shifted to Belgrade, and Kragujevac gradually lost its political significance, although assemblies convened in this period. At the beginning of the Great War, Kragujevac became the military capital of the Kingdom of Serbia. Apart from these political events, Kragujevac was also developing economically, which was documented by the increase in population. One of the most important events that will undoubtedly play the most significant role in its development was Prince Aleksandar Karađorđević's decision to found the first modern arms factory in the Principality of Serbia - Topolivnica. Kragujevac, as well as Prince Miloš, was chosen because of its position. During this period, the middle of the 19th century, revolutionary changes took place throughout Europe. Topolivnica had a continuous development, and thanks to its rapid modernization Kragujevac received the first electric lighting in Serbia. It is important to emphasize that the foundation of the Military School of Arts and Crafts enabled an educated workforce in Kragujevac. Kragujevac was also the center of new political ideas that dominated throughout Europe in that period. Simultaneously with the development of the Military Factory, smaller other industrial companies were created, initially intended for the local market, however, they developed over time, especially in the early 20th century.During the continuous wars waged by the Kingdom of Serbia from 1912-1918, the economic development ceased in Kragujevac. Significant civil and budgetary losses happened in this period, as in other parts of the Kingdom of Serbia. After the First World War, the facilities of the Military Factory were devastated. The gradual recovery began in the 1920s when the elite of the newly created state decided to renovate military-industrial facilities, and the number of workers started to grow. Before the war, there were about 45,000 of them. Military and economic agreements with the Kingdom of Belgium and the Republic of France enabled the import of new modern weapons technology. All these decisions had considerable consequences for the local economy so that in this first period, the number of craft shops and privately owned industrial companies significantly increased (Stefanovići and Fijale). A time of crisis in foreign relations with the surrounding countries brought faster and greater investments into military-industrial facilities throughout the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes, as well as in Kragujevac. This development also enables the strengthening of local infrastructure. This continuous development of the city lasted until 1930. Due to the Great World Economic crisis, there was a decline and significant losses appeared in the economy around the world. The Great World Economic crisis hit the private craft sector, trade and financial institutions the hardest. The production volume had been reduced by almost 2/3 and traders had a reduced sales volume. The only thing that helped maintenance of the economy in this period was the existence of the Military Technical Institute, and thanks to its existence, unemployed craftsmen had the opportunity to get a job again. Kragujevac, like other cities, did not feel the consequences of the crisis to that extent, thanks to the large military factory that employed the largest part of the population fit for military service.
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الحوامدة, إيصال صالح. "عروض مختصرة". الفكر الإسلامي المعاصر (إسلامية المعرفة سابقا) 29, nr 105 (10.07.2023): 363–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.35632/citj.v29i105.7733.
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السُّنَن الاجتماعية في القرآن الكريم وعملها في الأمم والدول، محمد أمحزون، بيروت: دار ابن كثير، ط1، 2021م، 1712 صفحة، 3 أجزاء. السُّنَن الإلهية ودورها في البناء الحضاري للأمة، جمال نصار، إسطنبول: دار الأصول العلمية، ط1، 2020م، 353 صفحة. الإنسان في القرآن: مدخل لدراسة الأنثروبولوجيا القرآنية، صفوت مصطفى خليلوفيتش، ترجمة: هدير أبو النجاة، القاهرة: دار السلام للطباعة والنشر والتوزيع والترجمة، ط1، 2022م، 206 صفحة. الإنسان في فلسفة الحداثة التأويل الثقافي لإنسان الحداثة، أحمد جعيب كاظم، بغداد: دار سطور للنشر والتوزيع، 2022م، 473 صفحة. مدخل إلى الأنسنة الإسلامية، عبد الله إدالكوس، الدار البيضاء: إفريقيا الشرق، مركز ابن غازي للدراسات الاستراتيجية، 2022م، 200 صفحة. الإنسان وفلسفة العمران في آيات القرآن: بحوث في آيات العمران في القرآن، تنسيق وتحرير: د. عبد البارئ الولهاني، إربد: دار ركاز، 2022م، 202 صفحة. الإنسان بين قوانين الكون وقوانين القرآن، عبد الله ناصر الحياني، العراق: دار التفسير للطبع والنشر، 2023، 814 صفحة. الإنسان والقرآن: معالم علم الوجهة، ناجي بن الحاج الطاهر المزوغي، دمشق، بيروت: دار الفكر المعاصر، 2022، 505 صفحة. الإنسان والعمران واللسان، إدريس مقبول، الدوحة: المركز العربي للأبحاث ودراسة السياسات، ط1، 2020، 224 صفحة. العلوم الإسلامية وأثرها في تدبير المشكلات الإنسانية وتحقيق مقصد الاستخلاف "أعمال ندوة"، تقديم ومراجعة: نجيب العماري، الدار البيضاء، عمّان: مركز مناهل للدراسات والأبحاث، ركاز للنشر والتوزيع، ط1، 2023، 224 صفحة. التفسير الاجتماعي للقرآن الكريم في العصر الحديث، عبد القادر الشايط، عمّان: دار كنوز المعرفة، ط1، 2023م، 303 صفحة. السُّنَن الإلهية الكونية والاجتماعية مقدمات ومفاهيم وأصول، رشيد كهوس، حيدر آباد، تطوان: المعهد العالي الإسلامي، فريق البحث في السُّنَن الإلهية، ط1، 2023م، 81 صفحة. Nation-Building and Turkish Modernization: Islam, Islamism, and Nationalism in Turkey, Edited by Rasim Özgür Dönmez and Ali Yaman, Pennsylvania: Lexington Books; April 2019, 277 pages. A Quarter Century of the “Clash of Civilizations”, Edited By Jeffrey Haynes, Oxfordshire: Routledge, May 2021, 120 pages. Islamic Revivalism and Politics in Malaysia: Problems in Nation Building (Critical Studies of the Asia-Pacific), by Bob Olivier, Germany: Springer, December 2019, 301 pages. Divine Covenant: Science and Concepts of Natural Law in the Qur'an and Islamic Disciplines (Themes in Qur'anic Studies), by Mårtensson Ulrika, Sheffield: Equinox Publishing, September 2021, 256 pages. Vicegerency in Islamic Thought and Scripture: Towards a Qur'anic Theory of Human Existential Function, By Chauki Lazhar, New York: Routledge, April 2023, 284 Pages. Recasting Islamic Law: Religion and the Nation State in Egyptian Constitution, by Rachel M. Scott, New York: Cornell University Press, March 2021, 282 Pages. Islamic Empires: Fifteen Cities that Define a Civilization, by Justin Marozzi, London: allen lane, August 2019, 512 pages.