Artykuły w czasopismach: „New Synagogue (London, England)”

1

Feldman, David. "Popery, Rabbinism, and Reform: Evangelicals and Jews in Early Victorian England". Studies in Church History 29 (1992): 379–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424208400011414.

Pełny tekst źródła

Streszczenie:

In this brief paper I discuss the relation between Christianity and Jewish religious reform in early Victorian England. More specifically, I want to suggest that there was a close relation between the Evangelical critique of Judaism as a form of popery and the direction and meaning of religious reform within Anglo-Jewry. If, indeed, this was the case, then what follows has a significant bearing upon the way we interpret Jewish integration in nineteenth-century England.There were roughly 50,000 Jews in England in 1850, two-thirds of whom lived in the capital. Synagogues, like other communal institutions, were dominated by a wealthy elite. Synagogue attendance was thin, and in 1851, on census Sabbath, only 10 per cent of London Jews were found in a metropolitan synagogue. Although nominally Orthodox, the general temper of religious observance within Anglo-Jewry was relaxed.

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

2

Taylor, Brian. "Alexander’s Apostasy: First Steps to Jerusalem". Studies in Church History 29 (1992): 363–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424208400011396.

Pełny tekst źródła

Streszczenie:

The synagogue in Bevis Marks in the city of London, 1700-1, is the oldest in this country. The second is in Plymouth, in Catherine Street. It was built in 1762, and is the oldest Ashkenazi synagogue in the English-speaking world. It is noteworthy for its original furnishings, which are mainly austere—the deal benches, and plain turned balusters for the enclosures, with the eight brass candle-sticks, now electrified, round the bimah. The exception is the ornately carved wooden ark, towering almost to the ceiling, with large urns on the entablature, which is supported by Corinthian columns. It is mortifying to the Hebrew congregation that its existence is mostly known not for its historic and architectural importance, but in connection with the defection of one of its ministers, Michael Solomon Alexander, in 1825. A little more than sixteen years later, Alexander was consecrated for the newly constituted Jerusalem bishopric, on 7 December 1841, in Lambeth Palace Chapel. Archbishop Howley was joined in the laying on of hands by Blomfield of London, Murray of Rochester, and Selwyn of New Zealand, who had been consecrated in the same chapel three weeks before.

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

3

Pleck, Elizabeth. "Slavery in Puritan New England". Journal of Interdisciplinary History 49, nr 2 (sierpień 2018): 305–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jinh_a_01270.

Pełny tekst źródła

Streszczenie:

Wendy Warren’s deeply researched New England Bound: Slavery and Colonization in Early America depends on investigation of handwritten texts rather than the several new databases about slavery and the slave trade. Warren has tracked down references in the extant literature and added research in unpublished court cases, wills, probate inventories, and private papers in New England as well in London. With her ability to convert a line or two in a court deposition or a will into an argument about the nature of New England slavery, Warren successfully circumvents the illegibility of the archive. The theme of this highly accessible study is how the immoral conjunction of cultivating staple crops for export and racialized slavery reshaped the entire Atlantic world, beginning with a fateful exchange of goods and people between the Caribbean and New England.

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

4

Post, Constance. "Errands into the Metropolis: New England Dissidents in Revolutionary London". Journal of Transatlantic Studies 8, nr 4 (grudzień 2010): 414–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14794012.2010.522366.

Pełny tekst źródła

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

5

Selis, David. "“Perhaps The Oldest Piece of Ecclesiastical Furniture in this Country”: The Construction and Destruction of Solomon Schechter’s Cairo Genizah Torah Ark". IMAGES 15, nr 1 (9.11.2022): 3–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18718000-12340164.

Pełny tekst źródła

Streszczenie:

Abstract In 1897, Solomon Schechter brought a hoard of Hebrew manuscripts, now known collectively as the Cairo Genizah, to England from Cairo. Along with these manuscripts were several wooden Hebrew inscription fragments from Cairo’s Ben Ezra Synagogue. When Schechter left Cambridge to assume the presidency of the Jewish Theological Seminary of America, these fragments were brought to New York where they were transformed into a Torah Ark. This Torah ark was used at the Seminary for three decades and subsequently exhibited at the Jewish Museum, New York and The Metropolitan Museum of Art. It was featured on numerous postcards and in major works on Jewish art. In 1997, it was deconstructed by the Jewish Museum to extract the medieval inscriptions. This article explores the history, meaning and reception of the Schechter Torah Ark as a window into the complexities of Schechter’s legacy and the history of Jewish scholarship in the twentieth century.

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

6

WALLIS, PATRICK. "Apprenticeship and Training in Premodern England". Journal of Economic History 68, nr 3 (wrzesień 2008): 832–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002205070800065x.

Pełny tekst źródła

Streszczenie:

This article reexamines the economics of premodern apprenticeship in England. I present new data showing that a high proportion of apprenticeships in seventeenth-century London ended before the term of service was finished. I then propose a new account of how training costs and repayments were distributed over the apprenticeship contract such that neither master nor apprentice risked significant loss from early termination. This new account fits both the characteristics of premodern apprenticeship and what is known about the acquisition of skills in modern and premodern societies.

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

7

Middleton, Sue C. "New Zealand Theosophists in “New Education” networks, 1880s-1938". History of Education Review 46, nr 1 (5.06.2017): 42–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/her-10-2015-0024.

Pełny tekst źródła

Streszczenie:

Purpose It is well-known that Beatrice Ensor, who founded the New Education Fellowship (NEF) in 1921, was a Theosophist and that from 1915 the Theosophical Fraternity in Education she established laid the foundations for the NEF. However, little research has been performed on the Fraternity itself. The travels of Theosophists, texts, money and ideas between Auckland, India and London from the late nineteenth century offer insights into “New Education” networking in the British Commonwealth more broadly. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach This paper draws on archival documents from the Adyar Library and Research Centre, International Theosophical Society (TS) headquarters, Chennai, India; the archive at the headquarters of the New Zealand Section of the TS, Epsom, Auckland; the NEF files at the archive of the London Institute of Education; papers past digital newspaper archive. Findings New Zealand’s first affiliated NEF group was set up by the principal of the Vasanta Gardens Theosophical School, Epsom, in 1933. She was also involved in the New Zealand Section of the Theosophical Fraternity, which held conferences from 1917 to 1927. New Zealand’s Fraternity and Theosophical Education Trust had close links with their counterparts in England and India. The setting up of New Zealand’s first NEF group was enabled by networks created between Theosophists in New Zealand, India and England from the late nineteenth century. Originality/value The contribution of Theosophists to the new education movement has received little attention internationally. Theosophical educational theory and Theosophists’ contributions to New Zealand Education have not previously been studied. Combining transnational historiography with critical geography, this case study of networks between New Zealand, Adyar (India) and London lays groundwork for a wider “spatial history” of Theosophy and new education.

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

8

Dyke, Gareth J., i Joanne H. Cooper. "A new psittaciform bird from the London Clay (Lower Eocene) of England". Palaeontology 43, nr 2 (czerwiec 2000): 271–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1475-4983.00126.

Pełny tekst źródła

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

9

Magonet, Jonathan. "Editorial". European Judaism 33, nr 1 (1.03.2000): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/ej.2000.330101.

Pełny tekst źródła

Streszczenie:

Reform Judaism in the UK owes its origins to both Sephardi and Ashkenazi elements. When nineteen Sephardim and five Ashkenazim signed a declaration on 15 April 1840 that led to the creation of the West London Synagogue of British Jews it represented a coming together of the two traditions. The list of Sephardi names on the table of past presidents and chairmen of the congregation attests to the lingering presence of those early families till today over 150 years later. The prayerbooks that originated in the new congregation, up to the most recent ones that serve the British Reform movement as a whole, remain influenced by both traditions. However, because of the impact of refugees from Germany and the dominant East European Ashkenazi culture of British Jewry, the ethos of British Reform is today well within the Ashkenazi fold.

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

10

Hall, D. W., G. T. Cook i W. D. Hamilton. "New Dating Evidence for North Sea Trade Between England, Scotland, and Norway in the 11th Century AD". Radiocarbon 52, nr 2 (2010): 331–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033822200045379.

Pełny tekst źródła

Streszczenie:

This study follows on from previous research at Perth, Scotland, in which we dated carbonized food residues removed from the external surface of rim sherds of cooking pots of London Sandy Shellyware pottery (Museum of London Pottery Fabric Code SSW). The 15 residues that were dated produced 14C ages between 910 ± 35 and 1085 ± 40 BP. We have now carried out radiocarbon measurements on similar residues from the same fabric obtained from the Billingsgate excavations in London and the Bryggen excavations in Bergen, Norway. The London and Bergen measurements gave age ranges of 905 ± 35 to 1115 ± 35 BP and 920 ± 35 to 1055 ± 35 BP, respectively, both very similar to the Perth age range. The measurements at each site are in agreement with our Bayesian model assumption that they belong to a single phase of activity. The model estimates the introduction of London Sandy Shellyware in London to cal AD 820–1020, in Perth to cal AD 930–1020, and in Bergen to cal AD 980–1030 (95% probability). Further modeling predicts that it fell out of use in the reverse order.

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

11

Ahmed, Nadia, Duncan Scott, Nasha Matin, Laura Waters i Gary Whitlock. "Reasons for transferring HIV care in London". International Journal of STD & AIDS 28, nr 14 (16.05.2017): 1447–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0956462417708729.

Pełny tekst źródła

Streszczenie:

People living with HIV in England, as well as non-UK born and individuals without residency, can access free HIV care at any service in England. We investigated reasons for transfer of care to three London HIV units by asking all patients transferring to fill in a questionnaire exploring reasons for leaving their previous centre and reasons for choosing the new service. A total of 111 patients completed the questionnaire. The majority of patients transferred from abroad to London HIV units, compared to within the UK. The main reason for leaving their current service was location, which was also the main reason for choosing the service they transferred to. The results of this audit can be used to improve all services to ensure any concerns patients may have are eliminated and provide healthcare tailored to patients’ needs.

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

12

NELSON, E. CHARLES. "John White A.M., M.D., F.LS. (c. 1756–1832), Surgeon-General of New South Wales: a new biography of the messenger of the echidna and waratah". Archives of Natural History 25, nr 2 (czerwiec 1998): 149–211. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/anh.1998.25.2.149.

Pełny tekst źródła

Streszczenie:

John White, Surgeon-General of New South Wales, is best remembered for his handsome book Journal of a voyage to new South Wales published in London during 1790. He was a native of County Fermanagh in northwestern Ireland. He became a naval surgeon and in this capacity was appointed to serve as surgeon on the First Fleet which left England for New South Wales (Australia) in 1787. While living in New South Wales, White adopted Nanberree, an aboriginal boy, and fathered a son by Rachel Turner, a convict, who later married Thomas Moore. John White returned to England in 1795, became a Fellow of the Linnean Society of London and was granted the degrees of Doctor of Medicine and Master of Arts by the University of St Andrews. White was married twice, and was survived by his second wife and his four children, including his illegitimate, Australian-born son, Captain Andrew Douglas White. Dr John White died in 1832 aged 75 and is buried in Worthing, Sussex, England.While serving as Surgeon-General at Sydney Cove, New South Wales, between 1788 and 1794 John White collected natural history specimens and assembled a series of paintings of plants and animals. After returning to England, White lent these paintings to botanists and zoologists, and permitted copies to be made. Thus, he contributed substantially to European knowledge of the indigenous flora and fauna of Australia.

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

13

Beer, Barrett L. "Episcopacy and Reform in Mid-Tudor England". Albion 23, nr 2 (1991): 231–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/4050604.

Pełny tekst źródła

Streszczenie:

In Tudor Prelates and Politics, Lacey Baldwin Smith wrote sympathetically of the dilemma faced by the conservative bishops who saw control over the Church of England slip from their grasp after the accession of Edward VI in 1547, but he gave less attention to the reforming bishops who worked to advance the Protestant cause. At the beginning of the new reign the episcopal bench, according to Smith's calculations, included twelve conservatives, seven reformers, and seven whose religious orientation could not be determined (see Table 1). The ranks of the conservatives were thinned as a consequence of the deprivation of Stephen Gardiner of Winchester, Edmund Bonner of London, Nicholas Heath of Worcester, George Day of Chichester, and Cuthbert Tunstall of Durham. On the other hand, eight new bishops were appointed between 1547 and 1553. These new men together with the Henrician reformers, of whom Thomas Cranmer, Archbishop of Canterbury, was most important, had responsibility for leading the church during the period which saw the most extensive changes of the Reformation era. This essay examines the careers of the newly-appointed reforming bishops and attempts to assess their achievements and failures as they worked to create a reformed church in England.The first of the eight new bishops appointed during the reign of Edward VI was Nicholas Ridley, who was named Bishop of Rochester in 1547 and translated to London in 1550. In 1548 Robert Ferrar became Bishop of St. David's in Wales. No new episcopal appointments occurred in 1549, but during the following year John Ponet succeeded Ridley at Rochester while John Hooper took the see of Gloucester.

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

14

Cinnella Della Porta, Silvia. "Peter C. Mancall, The Trials of Thomas Morton, Yale University Press 2019". Cromohs - Cyber Review of Modern Historiography 23 (24.03.2021): 189–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/cromohs-12726.

Pełny tekst źródła

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

15

Gretchen Murphy. "States of Innocence: Harriet Beecher Stowe, London Needlewomen, and the New England Novel". Legacy 34, nr 2 (2017): 278. http://dx.doi.org/10.5250/legacy.34.2.0278.

Pełny tekst źródła

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

16

Lindemann, M. "Murder in Shakespeare's England. By Vanessa McMahon (London and New York: Hambledon and London, 2004) x plus 285pp. $29.95)". Journal of Social History 39, nr 4 (1.06.2006): 1209–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/jsh.2006.0046.

Pełny tekst źródła

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

17

Rudolf, Winfried. "The Homiliary of Angers in tenth-century England". Anglo-Saxon England 39 (grudzień 2010): 163–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263675110000098.

Pełny tekst źródła

Streszczenie:

AbstractLatin manuscripts used for preaching the Anglo-Saxon laity in the tenth century survive in relatively rare numbers. This paper contributes a new text to the known preaching resources from that century in identifying the Homiliary of Angers as the text preserved on the flyleaves of London, British Library, MS Sloane 280. While these fragments, made in Kent and edited here for the first time, cast new light on the importance of this plain and unadorned Latin collection for the composition of Old English temporale homilies before Ælfric, they also represent the oldest surviving manuscript evidence of the text.

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

18

Redfern, Rebecca, i Heather Bonney. "Headhunting and amphitheatre combat in Roman London, England: new evidence from the Walbrook Valley". Journal of Archaeological Science 43 (marzec 2014): 214–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jas.2013.12.013.

Pełny tekst źródła

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

19

satar, H. Müge. "New Technologies and Language Learning Li Li. London, England: Palgrave, 2017. Pp. xi + 253". TESOL Quarterly 52, nr 1 (21.02.2018): 236–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/tesq.438.

Pełny tekst źródła

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

20

WENDEHORST, STEPHAN. "LIBERALISM, NATIONALISM AND RACISM: AMBIVALENT SIGNATURES OF MODERNITY". Historical Journal 40, nr 2 (czerwiec 1997): 557–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0018246x96007133.

Pełny tekst źródła

Streszczenie:

Nazism and German society. 1933–1945. Edited by David F. Crew. (Rewriting Histories.) London/New York: Routledge, 1994. Pp. xi + 316. £11.99.The Holocaust and the liberal imagination. A social and cultural history. By Tony Kushner. (Jewish Society and Culture.) Oxford/Cambridge: Blackwell, 1994. Pp. xx + 366. £14.99.The Zionist ideology. By Gideon Shimoni. (The Tauber Institute for the Study of European Jewry Series, 21.) Hanover/London: University Press of New England for Brandeis University Press, 1995. Pp. xvi + 506. £46.95.American Zionism from Herzl to the Holocaust. By Melvin I. Urofsky. Lincoln/London: University of Nebraska Press, 1995. Pp. xv + 538. $15.00.

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

21

Voth, Hans-Joachim. "THE LONGEST YEARS: NEW ESTIMATES OF LABOR INPUT IN ENGLAND, 1760–1830". Journal of Economic History 61, nr 4 (grudzień 2001): 1065–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022050701042085.

Pełny tekst źródła

Streszczenie:

Based on six sets of witnesses' accounts from the North of England and London over the period 1760 to 1830, new estimates of male labor input during the Industrial Revolution are derived. I present a new method of converting witnesses' activities into estimates of labor input, and derive confidence intervals. Working hours increased considerably. Moderate gains in per capita consumption during the Industrial Revolution have to be balanced against this decline in leisure. This adds further weight to pessimistic interpretations: I calculate that consumption per capita, adjusted for changes in leisure, remained essentially unchanged between 1760 and 1830.

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

22

Daria, Ostrikova, Bodnar Taras i Yasinskyi Maksym. "INFLUENCE OF THE GREAT FIRE OF LONDON IN 1666 ON SPECIFICS OF CREATING BAROQUE STYLE OF CHURCHES IN ENGLAND". Vìsnik Nacìonalʹnogo unìversitetu "Lʹvìvsʹka polìtehnìka". Serìâ Arhìtektura 4, nr 1 (30.03.2022): 108–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/sa2022.01.108.

Pełny tekst źródła

Streszczenie:

At the same time, when Baroque became the dominant style in Italy, in English architecture in the 17th century architects continued using the Classical forms. After that, in the architecture of England appeared a style called Palladian architecture and Jacobean architecture. Style of Baroque became prevalent just at the end of this century. After the Great Fire of London on 5 September 1666 most of the city's buildings were destroyed, all these constructions had to be restored or built new ones. The 17th and 18th centuries were a painful period, not only for the history of Britain but also affected religion. London was full of immigrants from the Continent who brought a part of their culture and religion to English culture. So, during that period, there was a problem of the persistence of the leading position of the Anglican Church of England. Through the hard work of the British architects who have fully dedicated themselves to the work, positions were strengthened. 310 years passed since the intensified struggle against the Anglican Church of England and Catholicism with another popular at that time sects. It started with creating the Act establishing the Commission for Building Fifty New Churches in the Cities of London and Westminster and or the Suburbs thereof. The fact that the Act was passed because of overcrowded with worshipers in the non-conformist chapels around London. In the end, it did not achieve its goal, just twelve churches were built under the tutelage of the Commissioners. A number of these churches became known as the Queen Anne Churches. However, these churches became the main building of Baroque Style in London.

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

23

Dean, D. M. "Public or Private? London, Leather and Legislation in Elizabethan England". Historical Journal 31, nr 3 (wrzesień 1988): 525–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0018246x00023475.

Pełny tekst źródła

Streszczenie:

On the morning of Wednesday, 24 February 1585, a bill ‘for imploying of Landes and Tenementes given to the Maintenance of Highewayes, Bridges etc.’ was read in the house of common for the seond time and committed for consideration by several members that afternoon in the hall of the Middle Temple. The committee decided to introduce a completely new measure which was itself committed after the second reading on 9 March. At one point in these proceedings William Fleetwood, recorder of London, told the lower house that he had advised the bill's promoter to make it ‘a private bill but he would not and therfor he shall see what will come of it’. Undoubtedly irked at this refusal to accept his advice, Fleetwood may have felt some satisfaction when the bill was rejected on its third reading in the lower house. Nevertheless, the bill's promoter had good reason to introduce his measure as a public rather than as a private bill. Private bills were expensive. Fees were payable at every stage, for the reading, committing, engrossing and endorsing such bills, and then, if all went well, fees had to be paid if the promoter wanted the bill printed and thus made public. Besides the cost, private bills stood less chance of getting through both houses of parliament. Not only was there a great risk of one's measure getting swamped by the large number of private bills always introduced in the first few weeks of a session, but it was also frequently asserted that private bills should have low priority on the agenda of parliament.

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

24

Garrison, Wade. "David D. Hall. Ways of Writing: The Practice and Politics of Text-Making in Seventeenth Century New England. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2008. 233 p. ISBN 978-0812241020. $49.95". RBM: A Journal of Rare Books, Manuscripts, and Cultural Heritage 12, nr 1 (1.03.2011): 55–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.5860/rbm.12.1.349.

Pełny tekst źródła

Streszczenie:

Expanded from a series of three lectures given in 2007, Hall describes the political, social, and cultural forces that influenced modes of authorship, publishing, and dissemination in 17th-century New England. Separate, but not wholly apart, Hall delineates how writing in New England developed along a different trajectory from the center of the English-speaking world in London. Hall begins by asserting that two keys to understanding New England’s text-making culture have been undervalued. The first is the essentially collaborative culture of how texts were written, spoken, shared, transcribed, annotated, and rewritten. The second is the fundamentally handwritten or scribal practices that . . .

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

25

Day, Peter. "‘Mr Secretary, Colonel, Admiral, Philosopher Thompson’: the European odyssey of Count Rumford". European Review 3, nr 2 (kwiecień 1995): 103–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s106279870000140x.

Pełny tekst źródła

Streszczenie:

Benjamin Thompson, better known as Count Rumford, discovered the mechanical equivalent of heat. He was also soldier, administrator, founder of the Royal Institution in London and the English Garden in Munich. Fellow of the Royal Society and Membre de l'Institut, his career embraced rural New England, London society, service to the Elector of Bavaria and an unhappy marriage in Paris to the widow of Antoine Lavoisier.

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

26

Barlow, Jill. "London, Royal Opera House: ‘The Blackened Man’". Tempo 57, nr 223 (styczeń 2003): 87–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s004029820327008x.

Pełny tekst źródła

Streszczenie:

Will Todd, born in Durham in 1970, has an extensive output of compositions to his credit, including highly-charged operas and oratorios, largely centred around themes from northeastern England, notably the workers' struggle against early 19th and 20th-century injustice and oppression. I had heard his emotive cantata The Burning Road performed at St Albans Cathedral in February 2002 – it depicts the relentless, footsore Jarrow Marchers of 1936 who stopped in the city en route to London – and was interested to hear the follow-up in his new opera on an allied theme: The Blackened Man.

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

27

Ogaz, Dana, Martina Furegato, Alison E. Brown, Hamish Mohammed, Peter Kirwan, Mandy Yung, Sophie Nash i in. "O01 Recent trends in HIV diagnoses and tests among men who have sex with men attending sexual health clinics in england". Sexually Transmitted Infections 93, Suppl 1 (czerwiec 2017): A1.1—A1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/sextrans-2017-053232.1.

Pełny tekst źródła

Streszczenie:

IntroductionMen who have sex with men (MSM) remain at highest risk of HIV acquisition in England. We assessed recent national trends in HIV diagnoses and tests among MSM attending specialist sexual health clinics (SHCs) in England.MethodsNumbers of HIV diagnoses and tests in MSM were obtained from GUMCADv2, the national surveillance system for sexually transmitted infections. Trends were stratified by HIV testing history (new/repeat-testers in last 2 years) and service location (London/Outside-London). Student’s t-tests were used to assess the differences in mean numbers of HIV diagnoses and tests between Q4/2014–Q3/2015 and Q4/2015–Q3/2016.ResultsA decline in HIV diagnoses from 515 to 427 (17%) was observed between Q4/2014–Q3/2015 and Q4/2015–Q3/2016 (p=0.05). Greatest declines were in London SHCs (276–209; 24%; p=0.04) and among new-testers (390–308; 21%; p=0.03). In London SHCs, there was a 29% diagnosis decline among new-testers (195–138; p=0.03) with no evidence of a difference in repeat-testers (81–71; p=0.33); HIV tests in repeat-testers increased 15% (9,768–11,270; p=0.02) but remained stable among new-testers (7,166–6,638; p=0.28). In Outside-London SHCs, HIV diagnoses remained stable in new- (194–170; p=0.06) and repeat-testers (44–48; p=0.52) while HIV testing increased 14% in new- (7,679–8,734; p=0.05) and 16% in repeat-testers (7,423–8,602; p=0.02).DiscussionHIV diagnoses among MSM have decreased despite overall increased testing at SHCs. Stable levels of testing in new-testers as well as scale-up of repeat-testing may be contributing to diagnosis declines by earlier identification of undiagnosed infections. Further investigation of treatment and prevention initiatives among new- and repeat-testers in London SHCs is necessary.

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

28

Kiselev, Alexander. "Diplomatic Protocol and Anglo-Russian Negotiations in 1662—1663". ISTORIYA 13, nr 7 (117) (2022): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.18254/s207987840022267-2.

Pełny tekst źródła

Streszczenie:

In the early 1660’s the Russian economy was in deep crisis. Needed in silver, the Muscovy government sent to England in 1662 a representative embassy of more than a hundred people, headed by Prince Pyotr Prozorovsky and the nobleman Ivan Zhelyabuzhsky. It is believed that the mission of Prozorovsky and Zhelyabuzhsky in London failed, because the King of England Charles II refused to give the Russian Tsar money in debt. In historiography this embassy is seen as an episodic event in the history of Anglo-Russian relations. The trip of the delegation of Muscovites to London was poorly reflected in Russian sources, whereas it was covered in detail by the English and Italian, which requires a more thorough analysis. The receipt of Prince Prozorovsky, found in the National Archives at Kew (UK), make it clear that the Muscovite delegation left London with money. However, the problem of the influence of Russian and English diplomatic protocol on the 17th century negotiation process and, in particular, on the results of Prozorovsky’s visit to England in 1662—1663 has so far escaped the attention of scholars. Using the actor approach of “new diplomatic history”, the author argues that it was a firm negotiating position that allowed diplomats of Muscovy to turn the course of Anglo-Russian negotiations on the financial issue and successfully conclude the mission to London.

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

29

ISRAEL, JONATHAN. "ENGLAND, THE DUTCH REPUBLIC, AND EUROPE IN THE SEVENTEENTH CENTURY". Historical Journal 40, nr 4 (grudzień 1997): 1117–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0018246x97007450.

Pełny tekst źródła

Streszczenie:

The Anglo-Dutch wars of the seventeenth-century. By J. R. Jones. London: Longman, 1996. Pp. 242. ISBN 0-582-05631-4. £42.00.Oliver Cromwell. By Peter Gaunt. Oxford: Blackwell, 1996. Pp. 263. ISBN 0-631-18356-6. £25.00.Cromwellian foreign policy. By Timothy Venning. London and New York: St Martin's Press and Macmillan, 1995. Pp. 324. ISBN 0-333-63388-1. £47.50.Protestantism and patriotism: ideologies and the making of English foreign policy, 1650–1668. By Steven C. A. Pincus. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996. Pp. 512. ISBN 0-521-43487-4. £45.00.William III and the godly revolution. By Tony Claydon. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996. Pp. 288. ISBN 0-521-47329-2. £35.00.A miracle mirrored: the Dutch republic in European perspective. Edited by Karel Davids and Jan Lucassen. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996. Pp. 559. ISBN 0-521-46247-9. £55.00.

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

30

Shore, Heather. "Robert B. Shoemaker. The London Mob: Violence and Disorder in Eighteenth-Century England. London and New York: Hambledon & London, 2004. Pp. 393. $29.95 (cloth)." Journal of British Studies 45, nr 3 (lipiec 2006): 663–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/507226.

Pełny tekst źródła

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

31

Trigg, Christopher. "Thomas Prince’s Travels and the Invention of Britain". Early American Studies: An Interdisciplinary Journal 21, nr 4 (wrzesień 2023): 507–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/eam.2023.a912120.

Pełny tekst źródła

Streszczenie:

ABSTRACT: From 1709 to 1711, Thomas Prince (1687–1758), recent Harvard graduate and future minister of Boston’s Old South Church, traveled between Boston, Barbados, and London. His travel journal (now in the collections of the Massachusetts Historical Society) excerpted passages from English poetry and popular song from the previous five decades. By transcribing the works of a politically and religiously diverse range of authors (Whig and Tory, Nonconformist and Anglican), Prince made the case for a tolerant, patriotic, and cosmopolitan Britishness. In late February and early March 1710, while Prince was in London, Anglican minister Henry Sacheverell was impeached by Parliament for preaching a sermon questioning Nonconformists’ loyalty. During his trial, anti-Dissenter rioting broke out in London and spread across England and Wales. As Prince transcribed poems for and against Sacheverell, he bemoaned the factional contention that was undermining British unity. In the middle of the nineteenth century, Chandler Robbins Gilman and Chandler Robbins, both great-grandnephews of Prince, incorporated brief excerpts from his travel journal in fictional tales and sketches. Gilman and Robbins used these fragments to symbolize the cultural continuity between England, New England, and the United States, overlooking the contingency and fragility of British identity in Prince’s account.

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

32

Kibble, Bob. "Sundials in London - Linking architecture and astronomy". International Astronomical Union Colloquium 162 (1998): 7–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0252921100114691.

Pełny tekst źródła

Streszczenie:

Following the inclusion of Astronomy in the revised National Science Curriculum for England and Wales the Association for Astronomy Education, AAE, embarked on a programme of in-service training workshops for teachers to help them to understand the new ideas and deliver the new curriculum. Teacher confidence and knowledge has been the greatest challenge to establishing astronomy in school curricula. As part of the the AAE team I gave presentations on a host of activities including simple cut and paste sundials for pupil projects. We are now seven years on from the revised Science Curriculum and my interest in sundials has stepped up a gear. I have developed an interest in real dials, both studying existing dials and making dials for the homes of friends and families and for schools. This presentation, which has as its focus, the sundial as an architectural feature, uses slides I have taken of some of the dials to be seen in the central London area including some of my own.

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

33

Goodman, Nan. "Jonathan Beecher Field, Errands into the Metropolis: New England Dissidents in Revolutionary LondonErrands into the Metropolis: New England Dissidents in Revolutionary London. Jonathan Beecher Field. Hanover, NH: University Press of New England, 2009. Pp. xiii+154." Modern Philology 110, nr 4 (maj 2013): E252—E256. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/669821.

Pełny tekst źródła

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

34

Horsfield, Charlotte. "England for the English20012Richard Body. England for the English. London : New European Publications 2001. 181 pp., ISBN: 1872410‐14‐6 £13.95 (hardback)". European Business Review 13, nr 6 (grudzień 2001): 377–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ebr.2001.13.6.377.2.

Pełny tekst źródła

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

35

Rossiter, D. J., R. J. Johnston i C. J. Pattie. "Redisricting London: The Issues and Likely Political Effects". Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space 24, nr 9 (wrzesień 1992): 1221–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/a241221.

Pełny tekst źródła

Streszczenie:

The Parliamentary Boundary Commission for England will soon be producing provisional recommendations for new constituencies for Greater London, which stands to lose as many as thirteen seats. In tackling this task, the Commission faces a substantial problem if it sticks to the previous practice of allocating seats separately to each London borough, and not being prepared to cross borough boundaries in the creation of constituencies. It is shown that the resultant underrepresentation and overrepresentation of boroughs will be greater than at previous reviews, and a procedure is suggested which will substantially overcome it, with as few as five pairs of boroughs created for purposes of constituency allocation and constituency definition.

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

36

Renner, Melinda. "NELLCO International Fellowship – What a Thrill!" Legal Information Management 7, nr 4 (grudzień 2007): 289–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1472669607002162.

Pełny tekst źródła

Streszczenie:

AbstractMelinda Renner, from the University of New Brunswick, writes about her experiences as a New England Law Library Consortium International Fellow who was seconded to the Institute of Advanced Legal Studies in London. She describes the visits she made and her impressions of how academic librarianship in Britain and Canda appear to share many of the same issues and problems.

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

37

Warlick, Steven R. "Military Use of Nasopharyngeal Irradiation with Radium during World War II". Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery 115, nr 5 (listopad 1996): 391–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/019459989611500504.

Pełny tekst źródła

Streszczenie:

Published reports of the military use of nasopharyngeal irradiation during World War II include treatment of U.S. aviators in England, the aerotitis control program of the Army Air Forces, treatment of Navy submarine trainees at New London, Connecticut, and other miscellaneous reports. In England, Army aviators developed hyperplastic lymphoid tissue in the nasopharynx. Radon applicators were used to treat 220 Army aviators from 1942 to 1944. The radium applicator provided a much more stable applicator and allowed much shorter exposure times, making it suitable for field use. From 1944 to 1945 the Army Air Forces had an aerotitis control program that was developed on the recommendations of an expert panel convened by the air surgeon. Nasopharyngeal radium was used to treat 6881 aviators. Hyperplastic lymphoid tissue was also a problem in submarine escape training at New London. Reports indicate that 732 Navy submariners were treated with nasopharyngeal radium. Other documented military use included 60 Navy aviators by Northington and 277 aviators in the Pacific theater. The total number of U.S. military personnel treated in World War II is 8170. After the war, there were no indications that the Army or Air Force continued to use nasopharyngeal radium, but it was used by the Navy at New London for some time. Precise numbers treated are unknown, and it is unclear when use of nasopharyngeal radium irradiation was stopped.

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

38

ROSENBERG, STEPHEN GABRIEL. "LEE I. LEVINE: The ancient synagogue, the first thousand years. xvi, 748 pp. 98 fig. New Haven, CT and London: Yale University Press, 1999. £45." Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies 64, nr 1 (luty 2001): 101–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0041977x01240075.

Pełny tekst źródła

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

39

STEKOLSHCHIKOV, ANDREY V., i TATIANA A. NOVGORODOVA. "A new species of Aspidophorodon Verma (Hemiptera, Aphididae) from the Altai Republic". Zootaxa 2566, nr 1 (13.08.2010): 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2566.1.3.

Pełny tekst źródła

Streszczenie:

Aspidophorodon (Eoessigia) vera, sp. nov. is described from specimens collected in the Altai Republic on Pentaphylloides fruticosa. Apterous viviparous females are described and illustrated, and biometric data provided. This aphid species is closely related to A. (E.) indica (David, Rajasingh et Narayanan, 1972). Type specimens are deposited at the Institute of Systematics and Ecology of Animals, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (Novosibirsk, Russia), the Zoological Institute, the Russian Academy of Sciences (St. Petersburg, Russia), and the Natural History Museum (London, England).

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

40

White, Robert. "Love and Friendship in The Bostonians". Prospects 15 (październik 1990): 145–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0361233300005883.

Pełny tekst źródła

Streszczenie:

At the beginning of february, 1884, Henry James was having a typed copy made of his manuscript for “A New England Winter,” a tale written in London, but prompted by his months-long stay the previous winter in Boston–to which he had been recalled by the death of his father.

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

41

Levine-Clark, Marjorie. "Clive Emsley. Hard Men: Violence in England since 1750. London and New York: Hambledon & London, 2005. Pp. x+225. $39.95 (cloth)." Journal of British Studies 45, nr 3 (lipiec 2006): 669–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/507230.

Pełny tekst źródła

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

42

Tshudy, Dale, i Jeff Saward. "Dinochelus steeplensis, a New Species of Clawed Lobster (Nephropidae) from the London Clay (Eocene) of England". Journal of Crustacean Biology 32, nr 1 (1.01.2012): 67–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/193724011x615343.

Pełny tekst źródła

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

43

HAIGH, CHRISTOPHER. "CATHOLICISM IN EARLY MODERN ENGLAND: BOSSY AND BEYOND". Historical Journal 45, nr 2 (czerwiec 2002): 481–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0018246x02002479.

Pełny tekst źródła

Streszczenie:

The loyal opposition: Tudor traditionalist polemics, 1535–1558. By Ellen A. Macek. New York: Peter Lang, 1996. Pp. xvi+299. ISBN 0-8204-3059-5. £36.00.Rethinking Catholicism in Reformation England. By Lucy E. M. Wooding. Oxford: University Press, 2000. Pp. x+305. ISBN 0-19-820865-0. £40.00.Robert Parsons and English Catholicism, 1580–1610. By Michael L. Carrafiello. London: Associated University Presses, 1998. Pp. 186. ISBN 1-57591-012-8. £27.00.The Society of Jesus in Ireland, Scotland, and England, 1541–1588: ‘our way of proceeding’. By Thomas M. McCoog SJ. Leiden: E. J. Brill, 1996. Pp. xxii+316. ISBN 90-04-10482-8. £67.90.Newsletters from the archpresbyterate of George Birkhead. Edited by Michael C. Questier. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, for the Royal Historical Society, Camden 5th ser., 12, 1998. Pp. xiv+307. ISBN 0-521-65260-X. £40.00.Conversion, politics and religion in England, 1580–1625. By Michael C. Questier. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996. Pp. xiv+240. ISBN 0-521-44214-1. £35.00.Catholicism, controversy and the English literary imagination, 1558–1660. By Alison Shell. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1999. Pp. xii+309. ISBN 0-521-58090-0. £37.50.Whores of Babylon: Catholicism, gender and seventeenth-century print culture. By Frances E. Dolan. Ithaca and London: Cornell University Press, 1999. Pp. xiv+231. ISBN 0-8014-3629-X. £26.95.Catholicism in the English Protestant imagination: nationalism, religion, and literature, 1660–1745. By Raymond D. Tumbleson. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1998. Pp. x+254. ISBN 0-521-62265-4. £35.00.

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

44

Holman, Peter. "The Sale Catalogue of Gottfried Finger's Music Library: New Light on London Concert Life in the 1690s". Royal Musical Association Research Chronicle 43 (2010): 23–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14723808.2010.10541030.

Pełny tekst źródła

Streszczenie:

In the winter of 1704–5 Henry Playford advertised ‘a Choice Collection of Vocal and Instrumental Musick in Italian, French, and English’ owned by Gottfried Finger and partly collected by him ‘in his Travels to Italy’. Finger had evidently sold the collection to Johann Gottfried Keller and John Banister junior prior to his abrupt departure from England in 1701 after coming last in the competition to set Congreve's masque The Judgement of Paris. The discovery of a copy of the printed catalogue throws light on Finger's collecting activities in Italy and on the reception of Italian music in England. It also includes a list of ‘Mr. Finger's Great Pieces for his Consort in York-Buildings’, providing us with valuable new information about his concert activities in London in the 1690s, and about the size and composition of groups performing at York Buildings, London's first purpose-built concert hall. The list includes many pieces richly scored with brass, woodwind and strings, evidently performed with sizeable forces: most of the sets of parts are said to have been ‘Prick’d 3 times over’. It adds a number of new pieces to the catalogue of Finger's known compositions, and enables us to attribute to him an anonymous sonata for four recorders and continuo that was published in the twentieth century as by James Paisible.

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

45

SAMPSON, MARGARET. "‘THE WOE THAT WAS IN MARRIAGE’: SOME RECENT WORKS ON THE HISTORY OF WOMEN, MARRIAGE AND THE FAMILY IN EARLY MODERN ENGLAND AND EUROPE". Historical Journal 40, nr 3 (wrzesień 1997): 811–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0018246x97007437.

Pełny tekst źródła

Streszczenie:

Marriage and the English Reformation. By Eric Josef Carlson. Oxford: Blackwell, 1994. Pp. ix+276. ISBN 0-631-16864-8. £45.00Gender, sex and subordination in England, 1550–1800. By Anthony Fletcher. New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 1995. Pp. xxii+442. ISBN 0-300-06531-0. £19.95.Domestic dangers: women, words, and sex in early modern London. By Laura Gowing. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1996. Pp. 301. ISBN 0-19-820517-1. £35.00.The prospect before her: a history of women in western Europe, Volume one, 1500–1800. By Olwen Hufton. London: HarperCollins, 1995. Pp. xiv+654. ISBN 0-00255120-9. £25.00.Sex and subjection: attitudes to women in early modern society. By Margaret R. Sommerville. London: Edward Arnold, 1995. Pp. 287. ISBN 0-340-64574-1. £14.99.

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

46

Kiyasov, Sergej. "At the Origins of the Masonic Phenomenon: Freemasons in the English State of 15th — 17th Centuries". ISTORIYA 13, nr 1 (111) (2022): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.18254/s207987840018878-4.

Pełny tekst źródła

Streszczenie:

The author considers the crisis events of medieval craft structures in England. The focus of his attention is the modernization of guilds and liveried companies of masons-builders. The analysis was carried out using special sources and scientific literature. This allowed us to draw a number of important conclusions. It is noted that the crisis processes observed in the economy of England of the 15—17th Centuries had a decisive influence on the evolution of the guild institution. These structures, in particular, construction guilds received the status of liveried companies. Subsequently, the craft Masonry of England was transformed into an enlightenment community. The study showed that his ideology provided for the allegorical use of building craft symbols. In particular, members of the Royal Society in London are named the project’s inspirers. Its main goal is the “construction” of a new society, religion and the formation of a new man. The author also emphasizes that the phenomenon of new Masonry should not be associated with the activities of a secret organization. In his opinion, the initial stage in the history of the Masonry in England should be associated with the influence of the Freemasonry of Scotland. However, at the beginning of the 18th Century, the intellectual elite of England managed to seize the initiative. The intellectual elite was the first to establish the work of the transnational structures of the new Masonic movement.

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

47

Usher, Brett. "Thomas Walbot: The last ‘Freewiller’ in Elizabethan England?" Studies in Church History 43 (2007): 285–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424208400003272.

Pełny tekst źródła

Streszczenie:

The special character of discipline and diversity in the London of the 1560s has never lacked commentators. Following Elizabeth I’s settlement of religion in the parliament of 1559 the new government had many factors to consider. Although convinced Roman Catholic clergy were no longer to be tolerated Elizabeth was anxious not to alienate leading Catholic laymen. Convinced Protestant clerics or potential ordinands, many of them returning from exile or else emerging from prudent seclusion in the British Isles, would either accept her Settlement and shoulder the burden of governing her Church or else, wanting more than it had offered them, move into increasingly militant revolt. These things have been intensively studied and altogether the government’s agenda, like that of many a government swept suddenly to power, can be described as ‘the imposition of discipline and the quashing of diversity’.

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

48

Malone, Carolyn. "Sensational Stories, Endangered Bodies: Women’s Work and the New Journalism in England in the 1890s". Albion 31, nr 1 (1999): 49–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0095139000061949.

Pełny tekst źródła

Streszczenie:

The cry of labor has seized the world’s ear. The Press, the Legislature, and the world at large is listening to the voice of labor…. When this journal first resolved to secure a hearing for all working-class questions, there was scarcely a column of a leading London newspaper which was then open. Now, following our lead, every great daily paper has its labor section…. Nor is it only the press which is watchful. It is the readers of the Press….This self-promoting editorial in the Star in 1891 made a critical point: labor issues were becoming a standard feature in daily newspapers. Sweating, loopholes in factory legislation, and the famous Dock and Match Girls’ strikes were among the subjects found in the pages of papers such as the Star. This trend in reporting was part of the “New Journalism” that developed in England between the 1880s and 1914. In an attempt to cater to the tastes of mass audiences, there was a shift in emphasis from parliamentary and political news to sports, gossip, crime, and sex. Papers, for instance, reported on the brutal Jack the Ripper murders in the East End of London. New journalists and editors, like W. T. Stead and Thomas P. O’Connor, also produced interviews, exposes, and political editorials in order to influence public opinion and promote what Stead called “government by journalism.” Stead produced what has been called the most successful piece of scandal journalism of the nineteenth century, “The Maiden Tribute of Modern Babylon,” which depicted young girls for sale to older men. Passage of the 1885 Criminal Law Amendment Act, which raised the age of consent for sex to sixteen, was one of its political consequences.

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

49

Sabour, Amal. "New Light on the Discovery of Penicillin". Journal of Advanced Zoology 44, nr 4 (5.12.2023): 1014–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/jaz.v44i4.2467.

Pełny tekst źródła

Streszczenie:

Although penicillin was discovered by Alexander Fleming at St Marys Hospital, London in the autumn of 1928 it was not widely available for medical use until the late 1940s. Here, emphasis will be placed on the discovery and development of penicillin in England during this period, particularly on the so-called “penicillin-interregnum”, i.e. the period between Fleming’s discovery and its purification by the Oxford group, led by Howard Flory and Ernst Chain. Emphasis will be placed on some lesser-known aspects of the story, including the role played by Cecil George Paine, the first person to achieve documented cures using unpurified penicillin filtrates. Attempts will also be made to correct a number of common misunderstandings about the discovery, including the myth that Fleming stopped working on penicillin soon after its discovery.

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

50

Prokhorova, A. "DIPLOMATIC RELATIONSHIPS WITH LONDON AND PARIS DURING OF ANGLO-FRENCH WAR (60TH XI CENTURY)". Bulletin of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. History, nr 136 (2018): 59–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/1728-2640.2018.136.1.12.

Pełny tekst źródła

Streszczenie:

The article is dedicated to the diplomatic relationships between the British Kingdom and the Huguenots during the Anglo-French War of 1562-1564 and their influence on the foreign policy of England and France. The author analyzes the main directions of the diplomatic relations of the Elizabethan politicians with the French Protestants, finds out the factors and circumstances of the defeat of the Huguenots in the Battle of Dre and change the course of diplomatic relations between the countries. Also, author observes the course and results of the war of 1562-1564, and concludes that the defeat for England in this military conflict in the future had positive effects. For Elizabeth I became clear that it makes no sense to rely on the further assistance of Protestant forces from other states to the English case. The country could deviate from the policies that it was carrying out, and to re-evaluate its foreign-policy priorities, which contributed to a further new course of the country.

Style APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO itp.

Artykuły w czasopismach na temat „New Synagogue (London, England)”

Utwórz poprawne odniesienie w stylach APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard i wielu innych