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1
Fanning, Patricia C. "Beyond the divide: a new geoarchaeology of Aboriginal stone artefact scatters in Western NSW, Australia". Australia : Macquarie University, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1959.14/45010.
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Thesis (PhD)--Macquarie University, Division of Environmental & Life Sciences, Graduate School of the Environment, 2002.Includes bibliographical references: p. 228-232.
Geomorphology, archaeology and geoarchaeology: introduction and background -- Surface stone artefact scatters: why can we see them? -- Geomorphic controls on spatial patterning of the surface stone artefact record -- A temporal framework for interpreting surface artefact scatters in Western NSW -- Synthesis: stone artefact scatters in a dynamic landscape.
Surface scatters of stone artefacts are the most ubiquitous feature of the Australian Aboriginal archaeological record, yet the most underutilized by archaeologists in developing models of Aboriginal prehistory. Among the many reasons for this are the lack of understanding of geomorphic processes that have exposed them, and the lack of a suitable chronological framework for investigating Aboriginal 'use of place'. This thesis addresses both of these issues. -- In arid western NSW, erosion and deposition accelerated as a result of the introduction of sheep grazing in the mid 1800s has resulted in exposure of artefact scatters in some areas, burial in others, and complete removal in those parts of the landscape subject to concentrated flood flows. The result is a patchwork of artefact scatters exhibiting various degrees of preservation, exposure and visibility. My research at Stud Creek, in Sturt National Park in far western NSW, develops artefact and landscape survey protocols to accommodate this dynamic geomorphic setting. A sampling strategy stratified on the basis of landscape morphodynamics is presented that allows archaeologists to target areas of maximum artefact exposure and minimum post-discard disturbance. Differential artefact visibility at the time of the survey is accommodated by incorporating measures of surface cover which quantify the effects of various ephemeral environmental processes, such as deposition of sediments, vegetation growth, and bioturbation, on artefact count. -- While surface stone artefact scatters lack the stratigraphy usually considered necessary for establishing the timing of Aboriginal occupation, a combination of radiocarbon determinations on associated heat-retainer ovens, and stratigraphic analysis and dating of the valley fills which underlie the scatters, allows a two-stage chronology for huntergatherer activity to be developed. In the Stud Creek study area, dating of the valley fill by OSL established a maximum age of 2,040±100 y for surface artefact scatters. The heatretainer ovens ranged in age from 1630±30 y BP to 220±55 y BP. Bayesian statistical analysis of the sample of 28 radiocarbon determinations supported the notion, already established from analysis of the artefacts, that the Stud Creek valley was occupied intermittently for short durations over a relatively long period of time, rather than intensively occupied at any one time. Furthermore, a gap in oven building between about 800 and 1100 years ago was evident. Environmental explanations for this gap are explored, but the paiaeoenvironmental record for this part of the Australian arid zone is too sparse and too coarse to provide explanations of human behaviour on time scales of just a few hundred years. -- Having established a model for Stud Creek of episodic landscape change throughout the late Pleistocene and Holocene, right up to European contact, its veracity was evaluated in a pilot study at another location within the region. The length of the archaeological record preserved in three geomorphically distinct locations at Fowlers Gap, 250 km south of Stud Creek, is a function of geomorphic dynamics, with a record of a few hundred years from sites located on channel margins and low terraces, and the longest record thus far of around 5,000 years from high terrace surfaces more remote from active channel incision. But even here, the record is not continuous, and like Stud Creek, the gaps are interpreted to indicate that Aboriginal people moved into and out of these places intermittently throughout the mid to late Holocene. -- I conclude that episodic nonequilibrium characterizes the geomorphic history of these arid landscapes, with impacts on the preservation of the archaeological record. Dating of both archaeological and landform features shows that the landscape, and the archaeological record it preserves, are both spatially and temporally disjointed. Models of Aboriginal hunter-gatherer behaviour and settlement patterns must take account of these discontinuities in an archaeological record that is controlled by geomorphic activity. -- I propose a new geoarchaeological framework for landscape-based studies of surface artefact scatters that incorporates geomorphic analysis and dating of landscapes, as well as tool typology, into the interpretation of spatial and temporal patterns of Aboriginal huntergatherer 'use of place'.
Mode of access: World Wide Web.
vii, 232 p. ill., maps
2
Wahl, Douglas E., i n/a. "The management of flying foxes (Pteropus spp.) in New South Wales". University of Canberra. Resource, Environmental & Heritage Sciences, 1994. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20061113.152804.
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Throughout their world distribution, fruit bats (Chiroptera: Pteropodidae) play an extremely
important role in forest ecology through seed dispersal and pollination. However, the
recognition of their role in maintaining forest ecological diversity has been largely
overshadowed by the fact that fruit bats are known to cause damage to a wide variety of
cultivated fruits and, as a result, significant effort is undertaken to control fruit bat numbers
in areas where crop damage frequently occurs.
In Australia, fruit bats of the genus Pteropus (or flying foxes) are well known for their role
in destroying valuable fruit crops, particularly along the east coast from Cairns to Sydney.
Historical evidence suggests that flying foxes have been culled as an orchard pest in large
numbers for the past 80 years. Uncontrolled culling both on-farm and in roosts coupled
with extensive habitat destruction in the past century, has resulted in noticeable declines
both in flying fox distribution and local population numbers.
In New South Wales, flying foxes have been 'protected' under the National Parks and
Wildlife Act (1974) since 1986. From that time, fruitgrowers have been required to obtain
a licence (referred to as an occupier's licence) from the National Parks and Wildlife Service
(NPWS) to cull flying foxes causing damage to fruit crops. However, despite the
'protected' status of the species, flying foxes continue to be culled in large numbers as an
orchard pest.
An examination of the management of flying foxes in NSW, has shown that, between
1986-1992, fifteen NSW National Parks and Wildlife Service Districts issued a combined
total of 616 occupier's licences to shoot flying foxes with an total allocation of over
240,000 animals. In addition, most flying foxes are culled when the female is carrying her
young under wing or when the young remain in the camp but continue to be dependent on
her return for survival. Further evidence on the extent of culling includes a widely
distributed fruitgrower survey with responses indicating that as few as 50% of the
fruitgrowers shooting flying foxes in NSW obtain the required licence from the National
Parks and Wildlife Service.
While the NPWS has undertaken research into the role of flying foxes in seed dispersal and
pollination, management effort largely continues to focus on resolving conflicts between
fruitgrowers and flying foxes primarily by issuing culling permits to fruitgrowers. At
present, there is no NPWS policy on the management of flying foxes in NSW to guide the
administration of the permit system. As a result, the process of issuing permits for flying
foxes is largely inconsistent between NPWS Districts.
The absence of comprehensive goals and objectives for the management of flying foxes has
resulted in the current situation where large numbers of flying foxes are being culled both
legally and illegally in the absence of any data on the impacts of unknown culling levels on
local flying fox populations.
The NPWS has a statutory obligation to manage flying foxes consistent with the 'protected'
status of the species in NSW and several well known principles of wildlife management.
However, current management of flying foxes in indicates that the Service may be in
violation of the requirement to 'protect' and 'conserve' flying foxes as required under the
National Parks and Wildlife Act (1974).
This study recommends that licences issued to fruitgrowers to cull flying foxes be
discontinued immediately and that adequate enforcement be engaged to reduce illegal
shooting. This action should continue until such time that research on flying fox
populations is able to demonstrate that the culling of flying foxes will not lead populations
into decline. Furthermore, management effort should focus on the development of
alternative strategies to reduce crop damage by flying foxes and provide incentives for
growers to utilize existing control strategies such as netting.
3
Edwards, Adam Glen. "The law and reality of the coal seam gas industry in NSW". Thesis, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7uSa41cfLRA&index=9&list=PL8rZPGPMzfuK7yVuY31rWGFkHM_DF1ItU, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/13622.
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You’ve all seen the signs at the side of the road, Stop Coal Seam
Gas, so is the Sun rising or setting on the Coal Seam Gas industry.
Well, I’m not quite sure yet, but I know what the problem is. The public
don’t trust gas companies and the government to protect the
environment. And the problem isn’t just here; it’s worldwide and
getting worse. So I like to tell people my research is about
sustainable development, delivering better environmental outcomes,
and public engagement.
4
Hobbs, Roger, i n/a. "The builders of Shoalhaven 1840s-1890s : a social history and cultural geography". University of Canberra. Design & Architecture, 2005. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20070122.163159.
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According to architect Robin Boyd (1952 rev. ed. 1968), ʹthe Australian country house took its pattern, not directly from the English countryside, but second‐hand from the Australian cityʹ in the nineteenth century. This thesis explores the introduction of domestic architectural ideas in the Shoalhaven Local Government Area (LGA) from the 1840s to the 1890s, and concludes that Boydʹs premise, including his five principal plan types, applied in general, subject to regional geographical parameters.
The Illawarra and South Coast districts dominated New South Wales dairy farming by the 1860s. The transfer of architectural ideas to the Shoalhaven LGA was facilitated by steam shipping lines from 1855, as the dominant vector, which provided access to the Sydney markets. Architectural development began with a masonry construction boom during the 1860s and 1870s, followed by a timber construction boom in the 1880s and 1890s. In the Ulladulla District development was influenced by local stonemasons and Sydney architects from the 1860s‐1870s, as well as regional developments in the Illawarra, which also influenced Kangaroo Valley in the 1870s. The Nowra Area, the administrative and commercial focus of the Shoalhaven District from 1870, was where architectural developments in timber and masonry were greatest, influenced by regional developments, Sydney architects and carpenters and builders of German origin and training. A local architectural grammar and style began to develop in the 1880s and 1890s, assisted by the railway, which arrived at Bomaderry near Nowra in 1893. However, the depression and drought of the 1890s resulted in a hiatus in construction, exacerbated by the First World War 1914‐1918, in common with the rest of New South Wales.
5
Spry, Melissa J., i n/a. "The Regolith and landscape evolution of a low relief landscape: Cobar, Central New South Wales, Australia". University of Canberra. Resource, Environmental & Heritage Management, 2003. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20050704.162445.
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Construction of a 1:250,000 scale regolith-landform map of the Cobar area of central New
South Wales (NSW) Australia, demonstrates the presence of a wide range of previously undescribed
regolith materials, landforms and landscape features in the region. The map covers the east-west extent
of the Cobar Basin, extends to the west onto the Darling River Floodplain, and east onto rocks of the
Girilambone Group. The mapping area is centred on the Cobar township and covers -14,730 krn2
between 303113 and 446113 E and 6483184 and 6586183 N (AGO 66, MGA Zone 55). 48 regolithlandform
units have been identified, including both transported (alluvial, colluvial, aeolian, lacustrine)
and in situ materials. A range of siliceous, ferruginous and calcareous indurated materials are also
present.
Four major drainage types have been identified based on lithological, sedimentological and
topographic differences in alluvial materials. The 4 drainage types include: 1) modern drainage; 2)
maghemite and quartzose gravels elevated 1-2 m relative to the modern drainage; 3) higher
topographically inverted, and at least partly silicified, gravels; and, 4) sediments of Cretaceous origin.
Multiple phases of drainage stability and instability from the Cretaceous to the present are indicated
within the sediments. Breaching of drainage divides and increased dissection of the modern drainage,
especially to the south of Cobar, indicate possible tectonic movement across a major regolith-landform
boundary in the southern map area. Colluvial materials are more widespread to the north of Cobar
reflecting the increased landscape dissection to the south. Colluvial fans are preserved adjacent to
major rangefronts. Aeolian and lacustrine materials include longitudinal dunefields of the Darling
River floodplain, source bordering dunes, and small lunettes associated with the Barnato Lakes system.
Regolith-landform mapping at Cobar has been used to assess the applicability of previously
developed landscape evolution models of the Cobar Block and surrounding region, and to develop a
new landscape evolution model for the region. The new landscape evolution model of Cobar indicates
minimal deposition of Cretaceous sediments, succeeded by high-energy early Tertiary fluvial regimes
across the Cobar landscape. Weathering and sediment deposition continued into the Miocene, coupled
with deep valley incision on the Cobar Block associated with early Oligocene regression. By the close
of the Miocene, the Cobar Block had eroded to predominantly bedrock terrain and widespread filling of
previously incised valleys occurred. A decrease in erosion and fluvial activity led to the formation of
the modern drainage during the Pliocene-early Quaternary, followed by the formation of alluvial,
aeolian and lacustrine deposits in the later Quaternary. Regionally, Eromanga Basin sediments were not
extensive over the Cobar Block, and low rates of erosion are recorded at Cobar from the Cretaceous to
the present. Former northerly drainage did exist in this area in the Cretaceous, but was limited in
distribution. By at least the Early Tertiary the Cobar area was a structural high and drainage systems of
the region had assumed their current configuration. These findings do not support interpretations of
AFTT data of significant cover and subsequent stripping over the Cobar Block in the Early Tertiary.
Evidence of landscape evolution from the Cretaceous to the present suggests that the Cobar
landscape has been responding to changes in the primary landscape forming factors of lithology,
climate and to a lesser degree, tectonics. Variations in the these three primary landscape forming
factors have contributed to ongoing weathering, relatively continuous deposition, and periods of
relative stability and instability, particularly in response to climatic and baselevel fluctuations, within a
dynamically evolving landscape throughout the entire Tertiary. Former landscape evolution models of
peneplanation and pediplanation, based on correlation of palaeosurfaces including duricrusts, a deep
weathering profile developed during extended planation in the Early Tertiary, and tectonism during the
late Tertiary in the Cobar area, are not supported by evidence preserved in regolith-landform features at
Cobar.
6
Gillies, Donald Robert. "Perception of change in education, training and development in the NSW Royal Police Service, post the Wood Royal Commission /". Electronic version, 2005. http://adt.lib.uts.edu.au/public/adt-NTSM20060822.160739/index.html.
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7
DeMellow, Ian T. M. "Cost efficiency of NSW rail passenger services 1951/52-1991/92 : a case study in corporate strategic modelling". University of Sydney, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/2693.
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Doctor of PhilosophyDuring the 1990s, governments, managements and unions have been focused upon improving the cost efficiency of firms. This focus has been strongest for firms in the public sector where improved outcomes can be expected to significantly improve the Gross Domestic Products of whole economies. This case study looks at the cost efficiency of NSW rail passenger services over a 41 year period to 1991/92, long suspected (but hitherto only tentatively demonstrated) as a paradigm of cost inefficiency. The case study focuses upon the use of the total factor productivity (TFP) index, as a datum point for measuring change in productivity in four markets: suburban, internrban, country and interstate passenger services since 1951/52. From this datum, changes over the years in management, technology and other external factors can be identified and assessed. The thesis identifies management quality (the organising element in the firm) as the preeminent factor in determining productivity change, and the role that new technology plays in its impact on failures in management. We establish the linkages between management and innovation, with TFP, pricing efficiency and economic resource use efficiency, to present a rich paradigm for assessing the economic performance of any business firm. Borrowing from systems theory and other management practices such as total quality management, we disaggregated the case firm into its component systems, sub-systems and processes, for separate study in relation to impact on TFP. The database for 41 years of rail behaviour is the richest ever compiled for any railway in Australia, and with enhanced modelling, enables a systematic treatment of the performance through time of State Rail's passenger services.
8
Holzapfel, Michael, i n/a. "Regolith-landform mapping and dryland salinity investigaton: Booberoi-Quandialla Transect, Western New South Wales". University of Canberra. Resource, Environmental & Heritage Sciences, 2004. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20060519.144945.
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Landholders in the Booberoi to Quandialla (B-Q) Transect area, located in central west
NSW, have been concerned about an emerging dryland salinity problem since the late
1990�s (Wooldridge 2002, pers. comm. Muller 2002, pers. comm.) with borehole
information and electromagnetic induction investigations supporting anecdotal
observations. The presence of indicator vegetation, waterlogging of soils and
salinisation of land are becoming increasingly prevalent, with two well-documented
sites including �Strathairlie� near Quandialla, and �Back Creek� near West Wyalong.
The B-Q Transect area lies within the Bland Creek Catchment, a broad open plain of
subdued topography and restricted drainage receiving sediments from elevated rises
located to the west, south and east. Significant deposits of transported alluvial materials
have in-filled the catchment to depths in excess of 160 m and have posed a particular
impediment to regional-scale mineral exploration. Stream flow across the alluvial
plains and low angle alluvial fans is intermittent with most of the flow being diverted
into groundwater storage or lost to evaporation. Rarely do streams flow into Lake
Cowal to the north.
A partial electromagnetic (EM) induction survey coupled with a long term bore and
piezometer network monitoring program have been implemented by the Department of
Infrastructure, Planning and Natural Resources (DIPNR � formerly Department of Land
and Water Conservation) Central West NSW Salt Group. These programs allow for
initial, broad-scale evaluation of the magnitude and spatial distribution of the salinity
problem but fail to pinpoint remaining sites at risk as well as the mechanisms of salt
emplacement.
As part of an approach to assist with hazard mitigation and land management, two
regolith-landform maps are being compiled using 1:20,000 scales in the Back Creek and
Quandialla areas. A third, more regional regolith-landform map at 1:50,000 scale
(Holzapfel & Moore 2003a, b & c) provides context for the more detailed mapping
areas. The new regolith-landform maps will aid in interpretation of existing geophysical
techniques, help piece together the three-dimensional characteristics of the Bland Creek
catchment, aid in the development of a shallow fluid flow and palaeotopographic model
and assist land managers in formulating land management units (LMU�s).
The three-dimensional integration of regolith-landform mapping, electromagnetic
studies, bore information and other geophysical methods is critical in determining the
interaction, distribution and movement of groundwater in the Bland Creek Catchment as
buried palaeochannels represent preferred fluid pathways. The distribution of these
palaeochannels has implications for future dryland salinity outbreaks, the remediation of
current outbreaks and mineral exploration closer to the well-known Wyalong Goldfield
(Lawrie et al., 1999).
The western quarter of the B-Q Transect area partially overlaps with the recently
completed GILMORE Project (Lawrie et al., 2003a,b & c), a multi-disciplinary study,
coordinated by Geoscience Australia (GA) and the Bureau of Rural Sciences (BRS).
Regolith-landform information in addition to gamma-ray spectrometry, magnetics,
airborne electromagnetics and a digital elevation model acquired by the GILMORE
Project have been incorporated into regolith-landform maps over the B-Q Transect. The
incorporation of these datasets has helped not only extend the usefulness of the
GILMORE Project data but provide a consistent, regolith-landform coverage for the
broader Bland Creek Catchment.
Regolith-landform mapping has been successful in highlighting major recharge zones
for local and intermediate flow systems. The mechanisms for dryland salinity at two
well-known sites have also been determined. Increasing salt stores are occurring
through evaporation of intermittent floodwaters sourced from floodplains, back plains
and broad meandering existing creek systems and recharging partially exposed
palaeochannels intersecting the surface. Due to the shallow nature of these partially
exposed palaeochannels, evaporation further concentrates the salt load in the soil
profile. It is unknown if mapped shallow palaeochannels further away from current
drainage systems are affected by rising salt loads.
Regolith-landform mapping highlights two additional risk factors common to the
1:50,000 and 1:20,000 scale B-Q Transect mapping areas including widespread
waterlogging of soils and wind erosion. Due to the subdued topography, features such
as gilgai, fences and roads are having an effect on drainage modification. Wind erosion
was also observed to play a major role within the B-Q Transect with significant loss of
topsoil creating hardened clay surfaces resistant to water infiltration and significant
redistributed deposits of aeolian materials.
Interpretation of regolith-landform mapping against geophysical datasets and drill hole
data show considerable lateral and vertical variation of regolith units. This variation of
regolith distribution with depth does not reduce the effectiveness of using regolithlandform
mapping as a valued management tool. The subdued relief coupled with the
complex interplay between recharge zones, discharge zones and surficial drainage
networks over the B-Q Transect still requires a detailed knowledge of surface regolithlandform
characteristics whilst reinforcing the need for a multidisciplinary approach to
gain a 3D perspective.
Catchment analysis has been performed on drainage systems within the Bland Creek
Catchment and has helped explain the strong effect different catchments have had on
sediment supply to the Bland Basin. Catchment analysis results have been used in basic
calculations of salt loads in the Bland Creek Catchment. An estimated 18,780 Tonnes/yr
of salt enter the Bland Creek catchment and as stream flow out of the Bland Creek
Catchment is intermittent, salt stores are increasing in the upper margins of the soil
profile and groundwater reserves.
Reconstruction of the palaeotopography of the B-Q Transect has been made possible
using a mutli-disciplinary approach incorporating information from regolith-landform
mapping, drill hole information, gamma-ray spectrometry and GILMORE Project
datasets. The production of large-scale regolith-landform mapping, the development of
a shallow fluid flow model and reconstruction of palaeotopography builds on and
contributes to knowledge of the Bland Creek Catchment allowing for detailed farmscale
and paddock-scale land management decisions.
9
Berghout, Mani, i n/a. "The ecology of the red fox (Vulpes vulpes) in the Central Tableslands of New South Wales". University of Canberra. Resource, Environmental & Heritage Sciences, 2000. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20060331.085450.
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The red fox occurs across a very broad range of habitats, and displays great behavioural flexibility under different environmental conditions. In Australia, mounting concern over the impacts of foxes on livestock and native fauna has highlighted a need for more information on fox ecology under Australian conditions as a fundamental step towards developing more strategic means of managing foxes. This study explores ranging behaviour, dispersal, use of dens, activity rhythms, population dynamics and diet in the absence of management in productive agricultural land in the central tablelands of New South Wales. The study was conducted from June 1994 to June 1997 on private property near Murringo, NSW Australia (34°15� S, 148°30� E). The site was primarily sheep and cattle grazing land and had a history of no fox management. Rainfall was considerably below average for much of the study. A total of 83 foxes were trapped over 3931 trapnights, of which 50 were fitted with radio-collars (23 adult and 6 juvenile females, 12 adult and 9 juvenile males) and 26 released with eartags only (all juveniles: 10 females, 16 males). Thirty-three foxes were radio-tracked using fixed towers between March 1995 and December 1996, with between 11 and 28 foxes tracked at any time. Mean home range size was 446.1 ha ± 69.8 se using 95% Minimum Convex Polygons (MCP), and 276.4 ha ± 36.3 se using 95% kernel utilisation distributions. Male home ranges defined by MCP were significantly larger than female ranges, but no significant difference was found using 95% kernels. Core ranges were estimated to be 133.4 ha ± 23.7 se using 50% MCP and 59.8 ha ± 6.1 se using 95% kernels, with no significant difference between sexes. No significant differences were found between range sizes of adults and juveniles or between years or seasons. While most home ranges were steady for the duration of the study, some foxes were observed to shift range location and 4 foxes displayed nomadic behaviour for at least some of the study. There was a high incidence of overlapping home ranges, most commonly between females or males and females but occasionally between males, but core areas were usually separate. Fully overlapping core areas were observed in 1995 but not in 1996.
Juvenile foxes were significantly more likely to disperse than adults, and usually travelled further (juveniles 61.1 km 31.6 ± se; adults 5.9 km 1.1 ± se). Males and females were equally likely to disperse, and there was no significant difference in the distance travelled. The furthest distances were 285 km and 140 km, but mean distance of dispersal excluding these animals was 12.3 km ± 4.3 se (n = 13). Thorough surveys across a 16.4 km² area located 200 dens, with 68 of these active in 1995 and 96 active in 1996. Density of breeding foxes was estimated to be 0.55 and 0.52 adult foxes/km² in 1995 and 1996 respectively based on natal den counts. Density estimates based on active den counts, which include non-breeding foxes, were 0.91and 1.30 foxes/km² in 1995 and 1996 respectively. These estimates appear lower than other studies in similar habitats but this is likely due to using a half home range boundary strip around the surveyed area in the present study. Application of mark-recapture analysis found very high �recapture� rates of dens and gave a similar estimate of the total number of dens to that observed directly. Natal dens were regularly distributed across the study area, whereas active dens tended to be in clusters. There was a high turnover of which dens were used each year, but the total number of natal dens was similar across years (16 in 1995 and 17 in 1996). Natal dens were more likely to be used on repeat occasions than other dens, but not necessarily by the same vixen. Litter size based on sightings of emergent cubs was 2.8. Foxes were predominantly nocturnal, with a major peak in activity about an hour after sunset. A new method of analysing activity rhythm data using Fourier series to mathematically describe animal movements was developed, that allowed systematic identification of the cyclical components underlying overall movement patterns. General fox behaviour could be clearly described by a 24-hour and a 12-hour cyclical component when corrected for variation in daylength. The rising and setting of the sun appeared to be a major trigger underlying movement patterns. Seasonal and sex differences were observed in patterns of activity. The annual rate of increase of the fox population was found to vary around a mean of zero between June 1994 and June 1997. A major drop in fox numbers as estimated by spotlight counts occurred in the second half of 1995, but numbers recovered by the
end of 1996. Kaplan-Meier analysis of radio-tagged foxes found annual adult survival was generally very high (0.56-0.96) with lowest survival between July and October. Causes of mortality were human-related outside the site and apparently of natural causes within the site. However foxes dying of natural causes outside the site were unlikely to be found. There was no overall movement of foxes into or out of the site. Immigration was detected following the drop in fox numbers in late 1995, but there was no evidence of immigration prior to this period although emigration occurred. A sensitivity analysis was conducted on the effects of a small change in life history parameters on finite rate of increase using published data as well as adult mortality data from the present study. The two most influential life-history parameters were adult and juvenile survival, while changes in fecundity and age at first reproduction had much less impact on finite rate of increase. In terms of management, in which fertility control is being considered as an alternative to lethal control, this implies that a small change in fecundity may cause less change in the rate of increase of foxes than lethal control. Foxes were culled in June 1997 on completion of the study. Estimated density using a Petersen estimate was 2.4-5.3 foxes/km² and index-manipulation-index was 1.4-3.2 foxes/km². The different methods used to cull foxes appeared to target different age groups within the population, and were generally biased in favour of younger foxes. Success at killing animals was low, leading to large standard errors in the population estimates. Stomachs of foxes shot in the Orange district were found to contain predominantly rabbit and carrion, with invertebrates present when abundant. These findings were not strictly representative of the diet of foxes in the study area, where rabbits were scarce. Foxes scavenged heavily on lamb carcasses within the study site. The quantity of fresh lamb carrion removed from a lambing paddock in winter 1996 was estimated to support 13-24 foxes, with available fresh lamb theoretically able to support 240-440 foxes. Density based on removal of fresh carcasses was estimated to be 0.83-1.5 foxes/km².
10
Corish, Sylvia, i n/a. "The excellent principal - what do students think? : Perceptions of selected senior primary school students about the role of the principal in three New South Wales public primary schools". University of Canberra. Education, 1991. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20060629.160710.
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The research outlined in this thesis explores the issue of the
effective principal through the perceptions of a sample of senior
primary aged school students. The study originated due to a concern
that too much of the current literature concerning effective schools
and effective principals relies on the views of significant adults.
Given that students are the focus of the school's and principal's
energy it is difficult to understand why their views have not been
sought more frequently. This study was initiated and conducted in an
effort to determine what is was that students expected of the
effective principal.
The research is based on content analysis of the written responses
from a sample of one hundred and ninety five senior primary aged
school students aged between ten and twelve years from an
education district in an education region of the New South Wales
Public School System and in addition one to one interviews with a
group of thirty students. The analysis resulted in the development of
two sets of descriptors. One set of descriptors outline the fourteen
most significant Behaviour Descriptors of the effective principal as
perceived by the senior primary aged students surveyed while the
other set outlines the eleven most significant Quality Descriptors of
the effective principal.
These two sets of descriptors of the effective principal have much
support in the effective schools research. One area notably different
however is the emphasis given by the students to the need for the
principal to develop positive, warm and caring relationships with
each student in the school. Although students were realistic in their
understanding of what this implied they were adamant and
consistent in their desire for such a relationship in order that the
principal be deemed effective.
The results of the study provide specific, clear, unambiguous
descriptions of behaviours and qualities expected of the effective
principal by the students surveyed. The descriptors are presented in
a manner useful to practitioners.
11
Stone, Kim, i n/a. "A qualitative assessment of small business establishment". University of Canberra. Administrative Studies, 1988. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20061109.094228.
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A study of the nature of entrepreneurial activity
and its use in furthering our understanding of
small business establishment. An ethnographic
study is presented of the business perspectives of
a group of business entrepreneurs in the Riverina
region of N.S.W. and a conceptual framework is
developed for consideration of various qualitative
issues involved in establishing a small business.
12
Tiller, David, i n/a. "The impact of sewage effluent on the benthic macroinvertebrate community of the upper Thredbo River". University of Canberra. Applied Science, 1988. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20061109.145223.
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Thredbo Village is a year round alpine resort located in Kosciusko
National Park, south eastern New South Wales. Treated sewage effluent
from Thredbo Village is discharged to the upper Thredbo River. The
river is a rocky bottomed, high mountain stream (> 1,200 m altitude in
the study area) flowing predominantly through subalpine woodland, the
only major impact on the river within the study area was that of the
Thredbo Village alpine ski resort.
Nutrient concentrations were measured in the upper Thredbo River
monthly from January to September 1983 at 9 sites along the river, both
upstream and downstream of the effluent discharge. In addition,
invertebrates were collected at the same sites in January, April and July
1983.
The near pristine section of the upper Thredbo River upstream of
Thredbo Village was low in phosphorus and nitrogen (<20 mg m-3 and
<100 mg m-3 respectively). The sewage effluent discharge was high in
phosphorus and nitrogen (up to 5,000 mg m-3 and 28,000 mg m-3
respectively). Phosphorus generally returned to concentrations similar to
those measured in the pristine sections by 3.5 kilometres downstream of
the discharge. Nitrogen (mostly in the form of nitrate and nitrite)
often remained elevated down to the most downstream site, 8 kilometres
downstream of the effluent discharge.
The elevated nutrient concentrations immediately downstream of the
effluent discharge stimulated the growth of attached filamentous algae in
January when conditions for growth were most favourable. It is
concluded that this growth provided an additional food source for several
invertebrate taxa, Cricolopus sp. 12E and 160E (Diptera, Chironomidae),
Conoesucidae sp. TR6, Oxyethira columba (Trichoptera), Nais sp.,
Aeolosomatus niveum (Oligochaeta), and Austrocercella tillyardi
(Plecoptera), which occurred in higher numbers downstream of the effluent
discharge. Downstream of the effluent discharge the taxonomic
composition of the invertebrate community was not altered substantially
from that upstream, although there was a significant increase in the
abundance of the taxa which could take advantage of the increased food
resource. The changes in the invertebrate community were not evident
3.5 kilometres downstream of the effluent discharge, which corresponded
to the return of phosphorus concentrations to background levels. There
were increased abundances of several invertebrate taxa downstream of
both Thredbo Village and the rubbish tip in January which were
consistent with, but not as great as, those downstream of the sewage
effluent discharge. This was likely to be a result of increased nutrient
loads from urban runoff and tip leachate at these sites which possibly
lead to increased algal productivity. However, nutrient concentrations at
these sites were not notably higher than at the control site. The
sewage effluent discharge resulted in only small changes to the
invertebrate community in April or July 1983.
13
Warren, Stan, i n/a. "Principal facilitator behaviour in curriculum implementation". University of Canberra. Education, 1991. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20061109.175407.
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In the past ten years the emergence of studies in the area of
effective schools has focused a good deal of attention on the
role adopted by principals in the process of change. Few can
deny the importance of this role in the development and
implementation of new/changing curriculum statements. This
is especially noticeable in schools that are part of a large
'centralised' system.
This study is concerned with the role adopted by four
principals in schools in Wollongong N.S.W. where a new
syllabus in Writing K-6 was being implemented. It examined
the implementation activities used and then focused
specifically on the role adopted by the principal in that
process.1
To enable the success or otherwise of the implementation
activities to be identified, the C-BAM techniques developed by
Hall, Hord et al were modified and used. The role adopted by
each of the four principals was then considered in an effort to
identify the contribution it made to the implementation
activities.
The findings suggest that the principal does play a significant
role in Curriculum Implementation and that he/she needs
additional skills and understandings to enable the process used
to be successful. It is recommended that the C-BAM techniques
would be one useful tool that principals could use.
14
Rowling, Jill. "Cave Aragonites of New South Wales". University of Sydney. Geosciences, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/694.
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Abstract Aragonite is a minor secondary mineral in many limestone caves throughout the world. It has been claimed that it is the second-most common cave mineral after calcite (Hill & Forti 1997). Aragonite occurs as a secondary mineral in the vadose zone of some caves in New South Wales. Aragonite is unstable in fresh water and usually reverts to calcite, but it is actively depositing in some NSW caves. A review of current literature on the cave aragonite problem showed that chemical inhibitors to calcite deposition assist in the precipitation of calcium carbonate as aragonite instead of calcite. Chemical inhibitors work by physically blocking the positions on the calcite crystal lattice which would have otherwise allowed calcite to develop into a larger crystal. Often an inhibitor for calcite has no effect on the aragonite crystal lattice, thus aragonite may deposit where calcite deposition is inhibited. Another association with aragonite in some NSW caves appears to be high evaporation rates allowing calcite, aragonite and vaterite to deposit. Vaterite is another unstable polymorph of calcium carbonate, which reverts to aragonite and calcite over time. Vaterite, aragonite and calcite were found together in cave sediments in areas with low humidity in Wollondilly Cave, Wombeyan. Several factors were found to be associated with the deposition of aragonite instead of calcite speleothems in NSW caves. They included the presence of ferroan dolomite, calcite-inhibitors (in particular ions of magnesium, manganese, phosphate, sulfate and heavy metals), and both air movement and humidity. Aragonite deposits in several NSW caves were examined to determine whether the material is or is not aragonite. Substrates to the aragonite were examined, as was the nature of the bedrock. The work concentrated on Contact Cave and Wiburds Lake Cave at Jenolan, Sigma Cave, Wollondilly Cave and Cow Pit at Wombeyan and Piano Cave and Deep Hole (Cave) at Walli. Comparisons are made with other caves. The study sites are all located in Palaeozoic rocks within the Lachlan Fold Belt tectonic region. Two of the sites, Jenolan and Wombeyan, are close to the western edge of the Sydney Basin. The third site, Walli, is close to a warm spring. The physical, climatic, chemical and mineralogical influences on calcium carbonate deposition in the caves were investigated. Where cave maps were unavailable, they were prepared on site as part of the study. %At Jenolan Caves, Contact Cave and Wiburds Lake Cave were examined in detail, %and other sites were compared with these. Contact Cave is located near the eastern boundary of the Late Silurian Jenolan Caves Limestone, in an area of steeply bedded and partially dolomitised limestone very close to its eastern boundary with the Jenolan volcanics. Aragonite in Contact Cave is precipitated on the ceiling as anthodites, helictites and coatings. The substrate for the aragonite is porous, altered, dolomitised limestone which is wedged apart by aragonite crystals. Aragonite deposition in Contact Cave is associated with a concentration of calcite-inhibiting ions, mainly minerals containing ions of magnesium, manganese and to a lesser extent, phosphates. Aragonite, dolomite and rhodochrosite are being actively deposited where these minerals are present. Calcite is being deposited where minerals containing magnesium ions are not present. The inhibitors appear to be mobilised by fresh water entering the cave as seepage along the steep bedding and jointing. During winter, cold dry air pooling in the lower part of the cave may concentrate minerals by evaporation and is most likely associated with the ``popcorn line'' seen in the cave. Wiburds Lake Cave is located near the western boundary of the Jenolan Caves Limestone, very close to its faulted western boundary with Ordovician cherts. Aragonite at Wiburds Lake Cave is associated with weathered pyritic dolomitised limestone, an altered, dolomitised mafic dyke in a fault shear zone, and also with bat guano minerals. Aragonite speleothems include a spathite, cavity fills, vughs, surface coatings and anthodites. Calcite occurs in small quantities at the aragonite sites. Calcite-inhibitors associated with aragonite include ions of magnesium, manganese and sulfate. Phosphate is significant in some areas. Low humidity is significant in two areas. Other sites briefly examined at Jenolan include Glass Cave, Mammoth Cave, Spider Cave and the show caves. Aragonite in Glass Cave may be associated with both weathering of dolomitised limestone (resulting in anthodites) and with bat guano (resulting in small cryptic forms). Aragonite in the show caves, and possibly in Mammoth and Spider Cave is associated with weathering of pyritic dolomitised limestone. Wombeyan Caves are developed in saccharoidal marble, metamorphosed Silurian Wombeyan Caves Limestone. Three sites were examined in detail at Wombeyan Caves: Sigma Cave, Wollondilly Cave and Cow Pit (a steep sided doline with a dark zone). Sigma Cave is close to the south east boundary of the Wombeyan marble, close to its unconformable boundary with effusive hypersthene porphyry and intrusive gabbro, and contains some unmarmorised limestone. Aragonite occurs mainly in a canyon at the southern extremity of the cave and in some other sites. In Sigma Cave, aragonite deposition is mainly associated with minerals containing calcite-inhibitors, as well as some air movement in the cave. Calcite-inhibitors at Sigma Cave include ions of magnesium, manganese, sulfate and phosphate (possibly bat origin), partly from bedrock veins and partly from breakdown of minerals in sediments sourced from mafic igneous rocks. Substrates to aragonite speleothems include corroded speleothem, bedrock, ochres, mud and clastics. There is air movement at times in the canyon, it has higher levels of CO2 than other parts of the cave and humidity is high. Air movement may assist in the rapid exchange of CO2 at speleothem surfaces. Wollondilly Cave is located in the eastern part of the Wombeyan marble. At Wollondilly Cave, anthodites and helictites were seen in an inaccessible area of the cave. Paramorphs of calcite after aragonite were found at Jacobs Ladder and the Pantheon. Aragonite at Star Chamber is associated with huntite and hydromagnesite. In The Loft, speleothem corrosion is characteristic of bat guano deposits. Aragonite, vaterite and calcite were detected in surface coatings in this area. Air movement between the two entrances of this cave has a drying effect which may serve to concentrate minerals by evaporation in some parts of the cave. The presence of vaterite and aragonite in fluffy coatings infers that vaterite may be inverting to aragonite. Calcite-inhibitors in the sediments include ions of phosphate, sulphate, magnesium and manganese. Cave sediment includes material sourced from detrital mafic rocks. Cow Pit is located near Wollondilly Cave, and cave W43 is located near the northern boundary of the Wombeyan marble. At Cow Pit, paramorphs of calcite after aragonite occur in the walls as spheroids with minor huntite. Aragonite is a minor mineral in white wall coatings and red phosphatic sediments with minor hydromagnesite and huntite. At cave W43, aragonite was detected in the base of a coralloid speleothem. Paramorphs of calcite after aragonite were observed in the same speleothem. Dolomite in the bedrock may be a source of magnesium-rich minerals at cave W43. Walli Caves are developed in the massive Belubula Limestone of the Ordovician Cliefden Caves Limestone Subgroup (Barrajin Group). At the caves, the limestone is steeply bedded and contains chert nodules with dolomite inclusions. Gypsum and barite occur in veins in the limestone. At Walli Caves, Piano Cave and Deep Hole (Deep Cave) were examined for aragonite. Gypsum occurs both as a surface coating and as fine selenite needles on chert nodules in areas with low humidity in the caves. Aragonite at Walli caves was associated with vein minerals and coatings containing calcite-inhibitors and, in some areas, low humidity. Calcite-inhibitors include sulfate (mostly as gypsum), magnesium, manganese and barium. Other caves which contain aragonite are mentioned. Although these were not major study sites, sufficient information is available on them to make a preliminary assessment as to why they may contain aragonite. These other caves include Flying Fortress Cave and the B4-5 Extension at Bungonia near Goulburn, and Wyanbene Cave south of Braidwood. Aragonite deposition at Bungonia has some similarities with that at Jenolan in that dolomitisation of the bedrock has occurred, and the bedding or jointing is steep allowing seepage of water into the cave, with possible oxidation of pyrite. Aragonite is also associated with a mafic dyke. Wyanbene cave features some bedrock dolomitisation, and also features low grade ore bodies which include several known calcite-inhibitors. Aragonite appears to be associated with both features. Finally, brief notes are made of aragonite-like speleothems at Colong Caves (between Jenolan and Wombeyan), a cave at Jaunter (west of Jenolan) and Wellington (240\,km NW of Sydney).
15
Alderson, Karl Law Faculty of Law UNSW. "Powers and responsibilities: reforming NSW criminal investigation law". Awarded by:University of New South Wales. Law, 2001. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/19056.
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The thesis is a historical study from a socio-legal perspective of debates about, and developments in, criminal investigation law in NSW since 1945. In that period, the NSW parliament has enacted extensive criminal investigation powers and safeguards. This can be seen as the result of the increasing political sensitivity of 'law and order'. Politicians have sought to exercise (and demonstrate) greater control over the criminal justice system. Legislation has been employed to provide a framework for police actions, and to define a role for others, including judges, magistrates and the Ombudsman. Political focus on law and order has also reversed the incentive structure for the police hierarchy. In the 1950s, there were strong incentives not to push for extra powers, lest policing practices and effectiveness receive unwanted scrutiny. In the 1970s, police were dragged into debate about their powers, in the face of the 'authorise and regulated' model suggested by numerous inquiries. More recently, police organisations have often initiated calls for new powers, in part to explain past failings. Another important factor driving debate and reform in recent decades has been the proliferation of oversight agencies, and academic insights that have debunked the 'rotten apple' paradigm. The Federal Government and Parliament have also been increasingly active in what would once have been considered purely State/Territory realms of criminal justice law and politics. These major influences have been coupled with a host of others, including the impact of a series of Royal Commission and law reform reports, the ongoing war on drugs, and the campaign against police verbals in the 1970s and 1980s. The examination of the forces that have influenced debate and reform yields other insights. For example, the complexity of the phenomenon of 'non-reform' is apparent from an examination of debates about policing in the 1950s. Prevailing trends in law and order politics (eg, that populist politics supports additional powers) can be seen to be anchored in the contemporary political context rather than being timeless truths. The multiple roles of law, in governing relationships between state agencies and actors, not just between police and suspects, are also highlighted.
16
Saunders, Anthony S. J., University of Western Sydney, of Science Technology and Environment College i of Science Food and Horticulture School. "Comparative ecology of the noisy friarbird Philemon corniculatus (Latham 1790) and the red wattlebird Anthochaera carunculata (Shaw 1790) in central eastern New South Wales". THESIS_CSTE_SFH_Saunders_A.xml, 2004. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/780.
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Densities and behaviour of Noisy Friarbirds Philemon corniculatus and Red Wattlebirds Anthochaera carunculata were measured during 1992 and 1993 at six sites along an east-west transect through central New South Wales from the Central Coast through to the Central Western Slopes, and at Goobang National Park from 1993 to 1996. Both P. corniculatus and A. carunculata were found to be mostly canopy foragers with occasional forays into the shrub layer when food resources became available there. Flower-probing and foliage gleaning comprised the bulk of foraging behaviour. Most of the food resources used by these honeyeaters were seasonally unreliable and unpredictable, so that they needed to shift between foods and track them over hundreds of kilometres. A strong relationship was found between the densities of honeyeaters and the density of flowering trees at both regional and local scales. Sites on the western slopes were more important for nectar during winter and spring, while sites on the tablelands provided a greater diversity of foods over all seasons. When foraging at foliage, both honeyeaters were found to preferentially select Eucalyptus punctata. These two honeyeaters are very mobile and appear to cope within the fragmented landscape. Their ecological role as plant pollinators, seed dispersers and insect population limiters may have increased proportionally due to habitat fragmentation compared with less mobile species with similar ecological roles. Hence they may also have become more important in maintaining habitat patch qualityDoctor of Philosophy (PhD)
17
Hawthorne, Wendy, i n/a. "Classroom encounters and mathematics curriculum change : a single-site school improvement study". University of Canberra. Education, 1988. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20060720.152732.
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In November, 1986, Mrs Lorna Ireland; Principal of Junee Primary School in the
Riverina Region of New South Wales; approached a Senior Lecturer in Mathematics
Education at Riverina-Murray Institute of Higher Education in Wagga Wagga; seeking
his involvement in a project aimed to assist teachers at the school with their
mathematics teaching. In addition to the planned involvement in 1987 of this
mathematics educator, the school was also to be a pilot school for the trialling of a
strand of the New South Wales Education Department's Draft Mathematics Curriculum
and a participating school in the numeracy component of the federal government's
Basic Learning in Primary Schools program.
This study documents the mathematics education activities which involved Junee
Primary School teachers in 1987. It focuses on the RMIHE involvement in the school
but considers this in the context of broader mathematics curriculum activity. The
process of change is described within a theoretical framework derived from a review
of relevant literature.
The research methodology employed is fundamentally ethnographic and relies on the
collection of qualitative data to derive descriptions of people and events. The data
analysis relates to curriculum change, the role of the change agent and the role of
mathematics educators in school mathematics programs. A discussion of outcomes
highlights the strengths of an approach to curriculum change which had its genesis in
the school rather than in some external agency. The generation of problems and issues
and the resolution of these are features of the analysis which tracks the progress
towards professional development autonomy of one group of teachers.
18
Swanson, P., i n/a. "The implementation and initial performance of a wetland system constructed for urban runoff treatment in the Blue Mountains". University of Canberra. Applied Science, 1996. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20061109.114929.
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19
Scott, Jennifer (Jennifer E. )., University of Western Sydney, of Science Technology and Environment College i School of Environment and Agriculture. "Integrating sustainability provisions into contemporary decision making". THESIS_CSTE_EAG_Scott_J.xml, 2004. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/500.
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Sustainable development is a multi-faceted and complex proposition, investigating such a goal required a grounded study capable of analysing real world issues. Managing such a highly diverse region as Western Sydney with its multiple demands is complicated by the plethora of government administration agencies. Contemporary land use planning policies and decisions appear frequently at odds with community values and aspirations for the region. Evidence presented in this research suggests a declining natural resource base that manifests itself in an insidious cost impost to the public sector while the benefits accrue to the private sector.Eventual developments in the resolution and maintenance of the functional integrity of the natural systems in Western Sydney may demand a major paradigm shift in economic and social policy. This research suggests that a precautionary based approach to thresholds of harm in the Western Sydney region is long overdue. Tools developed in this study appear capable of clarifying the evident land use planning paradoxes and may assist in negotiating sustainable outcomes by fostering a collaborative learning process between decision makers, experts and the community.Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
20
Henkel, Cathy. "Development of audiovisual industries in the Northern Rivers Region of NSW". Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2002.
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The proposition that this thesis investigates is that the Northern Rivers region of NSW, the area from Grafton to Tweed Heads, is growing as a lifestyle and learning region with the potential for audiovisual industry activity to develop as a series of networked industry clusters. The cluster model is explored as an alternative approach to industry development that offers new opportunities for enterprise building and new options for government intervention in the cultural industries in the region. The concept of creative industries is also applied to scope new collaboration and economic development options for the cultural industries, creative arts, media and communications sectors and a new agenda for collective action amongst industry players in the region. The thesis confirms that audiovisual and creative industries' activity in the Northern Rivers region has reached a significant level in terms of representation in the workforce and economic and social benefit to the region. The research identified a total of 1,621 people involved in audiovisual industries in the region, representing a growth of 214%
since 1996. The total number of people involved in creative industries in the region in 2000 was conservatively estimated to be 3,500, which is 4.1 % of the local work force, a significant figure for a non-metropolitan region. The thesis questioned the usefulness of Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) data in providing an accurate picture of creative industries, and the research may be considered a pioneering work in its method of collecting data on creative industry cluster developments in Australia.
The thesis concludes that the Northern Rivers region has an active, significant and growing audiovisual industry within the creative milieu of a lively and growing creative
industries' sector, and has the potential to develop as a series of networked creative industries' clusters. However, considerable barriers and difficulties exist at both the local and national levels for these industries, and specific measures need to be taken urgently to support this developing sector and to provide the infrastructure and mechanisms needed to ensure that the current growth is sustainable.
21
Buultjens, Jeremy. "Industrial Relations Processes in Registered Clubs of NSW". Thesis, Griffith University, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/367315.
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The small business sector has become an increasingly important segment of the Australian economy since the 1970s. Industrial relations in the sector have been assumed to be harmonious. However, to a large extent this belief about industrial relations is based on conventional wisdom rather empirical evidence. Industrial relations research in Australia has concentrated on medium to large businesses because the centralised nature of the industrial relations system encouraged a collective emphasis. This collective emphasis ensured peak representative bodies and larger organisations had a tendency to dominate while small enterprises and their employees were, to a large extent, excluded. The perceived non-problematic nature of industrial relations in the small business sector was another reason for the lack of focus on the sector. The low incidence of strike activity and the low levels of trade union membership have meant research has been concentrated on the more "difficult" areas of industrial relations. The lack of empirical research into industrial relations in the sector is an important shortcoming. There are a number of commentators who suggest that it is too simplistic to assume harmonious relations. It is likely that there is a range of industrial relations in small business, depending on a number of variables including the personality of the owner/manager and employees, the type of business and the current economic climate. The legislative framework will also have an important affect on industrial relations. This study addresses the lack of empirical research in industrial relations in the small business sector by examining the differences between small and large registered clubs in NSW. Registered clubs have an unusual ownership structure and unusual business goals. They are also unusual since they are non-profit organisations formed by groups of people who share a common interest and who have come together to pursue or promote that interest. Registered clubs are governed by a board of directors who are responsible for the formulation of policy and for ensuring that management carries out these policies. This study found that there were significant differences in regards to some aspects of employment relations. For example, small clubs were more likely to have lower rates of unionisation than large clubs. They were also likely to have lower levels of informal bargaining than large clubs. The methods of communication within the workplace were likely to be more informal in small clubs and they were less likely to have communications with a trade union. Despite this greater degree of informality in employment relations, small clubs were more likely to use award provisions to determine wages for their managers and employees. Interestingly, despite the lower level of unionisation and the greater use of awards by smaller clubs there were no significant differences between small and large club managers' perception of the impact of awards and trade unions on club flexibility. The findings from this study suggest the deregulation of the Australian industrial relations system may not have any significant benefits for small business.Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
School of Industrial Relations
Griffith Business School
Full Text
22
Lambert, Tracey Jennifer, i n/a. "Imprints in the dust : historical and archaeological evidence of mining methods used on goldfields in south-eastern New South Wales and north-eastern Victoria during the 19th and early 20th century". University of Canberra. Resource, Environmental & Heritage Sciences, 1997. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20061113.152342.
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23
Kariminia, Azar Public Health & Community Medicine Faculty of Medicine UNSW. "Death among a cohort of prisoners in New South Wales Australia ??? a data linkage study". Awarded by:University of New South Wales. School of Public Health and Community Medicine, 2007. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/32476.
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This thesis examines mortality rates among adults who experienced full-time imprisonment in New South Wales between January 1988 and December 2002, by record linkage to the Australian National Death Index. The cohort included 76383 men and 8820 women. Over a mean follow-up of 7.7 years, 5137 deaths (4724 men, 423 women) were identified. Three hundred and three deaths (295 men, eight women) occurred in custody. The median age at death was 36.6 years for men and 32.7 years for women. The prominent causes of death were drug overdose, suicide, accidental and cardiovascular disease. The crude mortality rate was 797 per 100000 person-years for men and 685 per 100000 person-years for women. Risk of mortality was 3.7 times greater in male and 7.8 times greater in female prisoners than the standard population. The excess mortality was substantially raised following release from prison in both men (standardised mortality ratio 4.0 vs 1.7) and women (standardised mortality ratio 8.2 vs 2.1). The period of highest risk of death was the first two weeks after release. Drug overdose was the main cause of death, responsible for 68% of the deaths in the first two weeks for men and for 90% of the deaths in this period for women. In men, there was also a clustering of suicide directly after release. Prisoners admitted to prison psychiatric hospital, repeat offenders and those in the early stage of followup were at increased risk of mortality. Violent offenders were overrepresented in suicide figures and property offenders in death from overdose. Minority groups, in particular men, had a lower risk of death than white people. The above findings reinforce how disadvantaged prisoners are, measured by mortality as the most fundamental scale of human wellbeing. Prison represents a potential opportunity for treatment and public health intervention to address some of the health problems underlying the high mortality found in this study. The key challenge is, however, to provide a continuum of care between the prison and community.
24
Sotiri, Melinda Social Sciences & International Studies Faculty of Arts & Social Sciences UNSW. "Punishment and imprisonment in New South Wales: towards a conceptual analysis of purpose". Awarded by:University of New South Wales, 2003. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/38574.
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This research conducts a conceptual and qualitative investigation into the practices, rationales and functions of imprisonment in NSW. A specific system of imprisonment, in this case the prisons operated by the NSW Department of Corrective services, is explored in order to examine the practices, processes and justifications for incarceration. The various purposes, theories, rhetorics, practices and contradictions of the prison system in NSW and the ways in which the people who are responsible for the administration of this system make sense of its operations and its incoherencies, are central to this analysis. This research utilises a hybrid methodology involving aspects of content analysis and grounded theory. At the centre of this research are eight interviews with senior NSW Corrective Services staff. This analysis is supplemented by interview with ex-prisoners, and other people familiar with, but not working for Corrective Services. In addition a documentary analysis of both Corrective Services documents, and external literature examining NSW prison is carried out. The findings of these analyses are then explored with reference to both their internal coherency, as well as their relationship to a range of theoretical frameworks. The thesis connects abstract and philosophical questions of punishment and penalty with the logistics of running the prison system in NSW. This research found a diversity of practices, understandings and justifications of imprisonment which connected to particular cultural, social philosophical and structural trends. These included victimary discourses, the rhetoric of progress, the influence of managerialism, the faith in ???objective??? professionals, the increasing emphasis on empiricism, the conflicts between coercive practices and individual responsibility, the construction of prisoners as dangerous, and an ongoing struggle for purpose. Imprisonment in NSW was found to be characterised by discrepancies between the intentions of its administrators and pragmatics of its practice, conflicts between internal explanations of its purpose, as well as contradictions between internal Corrective Services accounts and external expectations about the roles, functions and practices of imprisonment. Theoretical perspectives explaining why these characterise imprisonment in NSW were developed. These perspective include the ???ought/is??? confusion of penal administrators, the inhumanity of humane containment, the myth of technocratic amorality, and the sedimentation of purpose.
25
Millar, Nance Marie School of Sociology & Anthropology UNSW. "???Through the looking glass ?????? from comfort and conformity to challenge and collaboration: changing parent involvement in the catholic education of their children through the twentieth century". Awarded by:University of New South Wales. School of Sociology and Anthropology, 2006. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/32262.
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This sociological investigation examines the changing role of parents in the education of their children in Catholic schools in New South Wales over the twentieth century. Catholic Church documents specifically state primary parental responsibility for their children???s religious education. Catholic schools were established to inculcate faith, and assist parents??? role. This thesis asks, to what extent that role has been realised? It unravels the processes that determined and defined the changing role of Catholic parents during this period, and identifies significant shifts in institutional thinking and practices related to parents and resultant shifts in cultural and social perceptions. After half a century of conformity and comfort, a significant era followed as the Australian Church responded to challenges, including financial crisis for Catholic schools, reform in the Australian education system, and the impact of the Second Vatican Council. Cohorts from three generations were selected. Interviews and focus groups elicited memories that were recorded and analysed, in terms of the integral questions; the role and involvement of parents in Catholic schools. Participants recalled their own childhood in Catholic schools and, where applicable, as parents educating their own children, or as religious teachers. The analysis was theoretically informed by the work of Durkheim, Greeley, Coleman and Bourdieu. A review of Church documents and commentaries through the twentieth century, bearing on the education of children, showed the official Church position. Despite numerous rhetorical statements issued by Catholic authorities, emphasising the role of parents as ???primary educators???, the practical responses ranged from active encouragement to dismissal. Teachers in Catholic schools and related bureaucracies were, seemingly, reluctant to initiate a more inclusive partnership role. Gradually, and in a piecemeal fashion, the Catholic Church and its schools have been responding to growing parental consciousness of their role and responsibilities. A significant shift was signalled by the New South Wales Bishops in establishing the Council of Catholic School Parents, to be supported by a full-time, salaried Executive Officer, in 2003. But any accommodation to new understandings of parent/teacher, or family/school relation is complex and not to be oversimplified as a simple sharing, or ceding of authority.
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Burridge, Nina. "The implementation of the policy of Reconciliation in NSW schools". Phd thesis, Australia : Macquarie University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1959.14/25954.
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"November 2003".Thesis (PhD)--Macquarie University, Australian Centre for Educational Studies, School of Education, 2004.
Bibliography: leaves 243-267.
Introduction -- Literature review -- Meanings and perspectives of Reconciliation in the Australian socio-political context -- An explanation of the research method -- Meanings of Reconciliation in the school context -- Survey results -- The role of education in the Reconciliation process -- Obstacles and barriers to Reconciliation -- Teaching for Reconciliation: best practice in teaching resources -- Conclusion.
The research detailed in this thesis investigated how schools in NSW responded to the social and political project of Reconciliation at the end of the 1990s. -- The research used a multi-method research approach which included a survey instrument, focus group interviews and key informants interviews with Aboriginal and non Aboriginal teachers, elders and educators, to gather qualitative as well as quantitative data. Differing research methodologies, including Indigenous research paradigms, are presented and discussed within the context of this research. From the initial research questions a number of sub-questions emerged which included: -The exploration of meanings and perspectives of Reconciliation evident in both the school and wider communities contexts and the extent to which these meanings and perspectives were transposed from the community to the school sector. -The perceived level of support for Reconciliation in school communities and what factors impacted on this level of support. -Responses of school communities to Reconciliation in terms of school programs and teaching strategies including factors which enhanced the teaching of Reconciliation issues in the classroom and factors which acted as barriers. -- Firstly in order to provide the context for the research study, the thesis provides a brief historical overview of the creation of the Council for Aboriginal Reconciliation. It then builds a framework through which the discourses of Reconciliation are presented and deconstructed. These various meanings and perspectives of Reconciliation are placed within a linear spectrum of typologies, from 'hard', 'genuine' or 'substantive' Reconciliation advocated by the Left, comprising a strong social justice agenda, first nation rights and compensation for past injustices, to the assimiliationist typologies desired by members of the Right which suggest that Reconciliation is best achieved through the total integration of Aboriginal people into the mainstream community, with Aboriginal people accepting the reality of their dispossession. -- In between these two extremes lie degrees of interpretations of what constitutes Reconciliation, including John Howard's current Federal Government interpretation of 'practical' Reconciliation. In this context "Left" and "Right" are defined less by political ideological lines of the Labor and Liberal parties than by attitudes to human rights and social justice. Secondly, and within the socio-political context presented above, the thesis reports on research conducted with Indigenous and non Indigenous educators, students and elders in the context of the NSW school system to decipher meanings and perspectives on Reconciliation as reflected in that sector. It then makes comparisons with research conducted on behalf of the Council for Aboriginal Reconciliation during the 1990s on attitudes to Reconciliation in the community. Perceived differences are analysed and discussed.
The research further explores how schools approached the teaching of Reconciliation through a series of survey questions designed to document the types of activities undertaken by the schools with Reconciliation as the main aim. -- Research findings indicated that while both the community at large and the education community are overwhelmingly supportive of Reconciliation, both as a concept and as a government policy, when questioned further as to the depth and details of this commitment to Reconciliation and the extent to which they may be supportive of the 'hard' issues of Reconciliation, their views and level of support were more wide ranging and deflective. -- Findings indicated that, in general, educators have a more multi-layered understanding of the issues related to Reconciliation than the general community, and a proportion of them do articulate more clearly those harder, more controversial aspects of the Reconciliation process (eg just compensation, land and sea rights, customary laws). However, they are in the main, unsure of its meaning beyond the 'soft' symbolic acts and gatherings which occur in schools. In the late 1990s, when Reconciliation was at the forefront of the national agenda, research findings indicate that while schools were organising cultural and curriculum activities in their teaching of Indigenous history or Aboriginal studies - they did not specifically focus on Reconciliation in their teaching programs as an issue in the community. Teachers did not have a clearly defined view of what Reconciliation entailed and schools were not teaching about Reconciliation directly within their curriculum programs. -- The research also sought to identify facotrs which acted as enhancers of a Reconciliation program in schools and factors which were seen as barriers. Research findings clearly pointed to community and parental attitudes as important barriers with time and an overcrowded curriculum as further barriers to the implementation of teaching programs. Factors which promoted Reconciliation in schools often related to human agency and human relationships such as supportive executive leadership, the work of committed teachers and a responsive staff and community.
Mode of access: World Wide Web.
xvi, 286 leaves ill
27
Purdy, David John. "Volcanic stratigraphy and origin of the Wallangarra Volcanics, Wandsworth volcanic group, northern NSW, Australia". Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2003.
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Keogh, Andrew James, of Western Sydney Hawkesbury University, Faculty of Science and Technology i School of Applied and Environmental Sciences. "Systems management of Glenbrook Lagoon, New South Wales". THESIS_FST_AES_Keogh_A.xml, 1996. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/423.
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Glenbrook Lagoon, an 8 hectare lake receiving rainfall runoff from a residential catchment, is experiencing nutrient enrichment problems expressed as excessive aquatic plant presence. This study aims to assess the relative nutrient contribution of the total system compartments, including catchment loading, water column, aquatic plants and surface sediment. This information is utilised in the formulation of management strategies which may produce a sustainable nutrient reduction and general improvement in the system. The total nutrient content of the aquatic system was determined to be high in comparison with the present nutrient loading from the catchment. The ideal management case considers nutrient reduction of the surface sediment compartment firstly, followed by the aquatic plant community, with the water column and catchment influence as relatively low priority compartments. Various strategies for managing these are proposed. The total system benefits of the ideal management case are reductions in nutrients, aquatic plant biovolume and suspended solid loading. Unavoidable constraints placed upon the ideal management case include the excessive aquatic plant presence restricting accessability to the surface sediment for dredging. The resulting best management case requires aquatic plant eradication prior to sediment management, with the total system benefits associated with the ideal management case being retained.Master of Science (Hons)
29
Elliott, Malcolm Gordon, of Western Sydney Hawkesbury University i Faculty of Environmental Management and Agriculture. "Grass tetany of cattle in New South Wales". THESIS_FEMA_xxx_Elliott_M.xml, 2000. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/7.
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Over the last 60 years, grass tetany has been recognised as a significant lethal condition in sheep and cattle.Outcomes from this study include documentation of the likely precursors to grass tetany, ways to recognise these precursors, and long term practices that will enable producers to minimise livestock deaths. The benefit of this research to beef producers is that the environmental circumstances thought to be associated with outbreaks of grass tetany have been identified, along with remedial action that can be taken to prevent deaths occurring.Recommendations to industry on best practice to be adopted by leading producers to minimise outbreaks of grass tetany are made.This study provides an alternate strategy for the management of grass tetany in beef cattle, to the more clinical approaches previously recommended. It is suggested that losses from this economically important metabolic disease can be minimised if management practices of beef cattle producers in eastern Australia can incorporate a more holistic approach to farm management, which takes account of the soil/plant/animal/climate inter-relationships.Master of Science (Hons)
30
Wood, Susan, i s2000093@student rmit edu au. "Creative embroidery in New South Wales, 1960 - 1975". RMIT University. Architecture and Design, 2006. http://adt.lib.rmit.edu.au/adt/public/adt-VIT20070206.160246.
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In the years between 1960 and 1975 in NSW there emerged a loosely connected network of women interested in modern or creative embroidery. The Embroiderers' Guild of NSW served as a focus for many of these women, providing opportunities for them to exhibit their work, and to engage in embroidery education as teachers or as learners. Others worked independently, exhibited in commercial galleries and endeavoured to establish reputations as professional artists. Some of these women were trained artists and wanted embroidery to be seen as 'art'; others were enthusiastic amateurs, engaged in embroidery as a form of 'serious leisure'. They played a significant role in the development of creative embroidery and textile art in NSW and yet, for the most part, their story is absent from the narratives of Australian art and craft history. These women were involved in a network of interactions which displayed many of the characteristics of more organised art worlds, as posite d by sociologist Howard Becker. They produced work according to shared conventions, they established co-operative links with each other and with other organisations, they organised educational opportunities to encourage others to take up creative embroidery and they mounted exhibitions to facilitate engagement with a public audience. Although their absence from the literature suggests that they operated in isolation, my research indicates that there were many points of contact between the embroidery world, the broader craft world and the fine art community in NSW. This thesis examines the context in which creative embroiderers worked, discusses the careers of key individuals working at this time, explores the interactions between them, and evaluates the influence that they had on later practice in embroidery and textiles in NSW.
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Franklin, Richard Charles. "Epidemiology of Farm Injuries in New South Wales". University of Sydney, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/1930.
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Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)Injuries to people living and working on farms in New South Wales continue to be a significant burden on the health system, Workers’ Compensation system, agricultural industries and farming families. Strategies to reduce the number and severity of injuries suffered by farmers and people working on farms rely on accurate information. Unfortunately there is no one dataset available to describe the circumstances surrounding farm injuries and the size of this burden in Australia. Hence, a number of different data sources are required to provide a picture of farm injuries. To date, there has been very little critical examination of what value each of these datasets provides to describing farm injuries. This Thesis aimed to: • Undertake surveillance of injuries occurring to people on farms or during agricultural production in NSW using data from an Emergency Department, NSW Hospital Separations information, NSW Workers’ Compensation Claims, and ABS Deaths data. • Critically examine the utility of Emergency Department, Hospital, Workers’ Compensation, and ABS Deaths Data for the surveillance of farm injuries in NSW. • Critically examine data classification systems used in Emergency Department, Hospital, Workers’ Compensation, and ABS Deaths data collections to describe the breadth of farm injuries in NSW. • Define the priority areas for farm injury prevention initiatives in NSW based on the information obtained from the examination of the data from Emergency Department, Hospital, Workers’ Compensation, and ABS Deaths. • Evaluate the effectiveness of the NSW Rollover Protective Structure (ROPS) rebate scheme and examine the utility of the data currently available in NSW to measure the performance of the program. Four datasets, Tamworth Emergency Department, Hospital Separations, Workers’ Compensation and the Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) Deaths data were used to provide information on the surveillance of farm injuries, describe the breadth of classifications used to describe farm injuries, and define priorities for the prevention of farm injuries. There were 384 farm-related injuries which presented to the Emergency Department at the Tamworth Base Hospital between 1 September 1997 and 31 August 1998. Emergency Department data collected in this study used the Farm Injury Optimal Dataset (FIOD) for classification, which allowed for a comprehensive picture of the circumstances surrounding the injury event. The three most common external causes of injury were related to horses, motorcycles, and animals. Commonly people were working at the time of injury. Children represented 21% of the people injured. The average number of injuries per 100 farms per annum was 34.7. An examination of hospital discharge data for NSW was undertaken for the period 1 July 1992 to 30 June 2000 where the location of the injury was a farm. Classification of cases in this dataset conformed to the International Classification of Disease (ICD) versions 9 and 10. There were 14,490 people who were injured on a farm during the study period. The three most common external causes of injury were motorcycles, animals being ridden and agricultural machinery. Children represented 17% of all farm injury cases. The rate per 1,000 farms ranged from 19 to 42 per annum. An examination of Workers’ Compensation claims for agricultural industries in NSW between 1 July 1992 and 30 June 2001 was undertaken. The ‘Type of Occurrence’ classification system was used to code the claims. There were 24,332 claims of which the majority were males (82%). The incidence of injury / disease in agriculture per annum varied from 37 per 1,000 workers to 73 per 1,000 workers. The rate per 1,000 agricultural establishments varied from 54 to 76. The average cost of a claim was $10,880 and the average time lost per claims was 9.2 weeks. There were 81 deaths and 3,158 permanent disabilities. The three most common agents were sheep / goats (5%), ferrous and non-ferrous metals (5%), crates / cartons / boxes / etc (5%). Using ABS deaths data to examine the deaths of people working and living on farms was limited to males whose occupation was recorded as ‘farmer and farm manager’ and ‘agricultural labourer and related worker’. There were 952 deaths over the period 1 January 1991 and 31 December 2000. The information provided a consistent series of cases over time. Areas where prevention should be directed included motor vehicle accidents; falls; agricultural machinery; other machinery; firearms; poisoning; and drowning. Using any one of the datasets alone to examine people injured on farms not only underestimates the number of people injured, but also misses particular types of agents involved in farm injuries. Each of the datasets used in this Thesis provides a different perspective of farm injury in NSW. By examining the information together, there are a number of areas which are consistently represented in each dataset such as falls and agricultural machinery. While no one dataset provided all the information that would be useful for the prevention of injuries, the available information does provide direction for the development of prevention strategies. The overall weakness of the information provided is that it misses a number of risk factors that contribute to farm injuries such as fatigue and training. The lack of appropriate denominator information also makes it difficult to directly compare the datasets and estimate the size of the problem. There are a number of additional coding categories that could be included in each dataset that would provide a better understanding of the different groups at risk of sustaining an injury on a farm or during agricultural work. These coding categories include activity at time of injury, admission to hospital, and occupation. An example of the use of data to determine the effectiveness of a farm injury prevention program is the ‘NSW Rollover Protective Structure (ROPS) Rebate Scheme’ evaluation. Tractor rollover deaths have been identified as an issue for prevention by Farmsafe Australia; however, such deaths were not identified in any of the datasets used in this Thesis due to coding limitations in the ABS data. In this Thesis information about the evaluation of the ‘NSW ROPS Rebate Scheme’ is presented. The scheme was successful in fitting 10,449 ROPS to tractors and the following lessons were learnt: when providing a rebate, the administration (i.e. sending the cheque) needs to be done well; advertising is important and should be co-ordinated, increase the awareness of the risk(s) the intervention is aiming to prevent and effectiveness of subsequent solution (s); the program should ensure there is an increased awareness of the outcome the intervention is aiming to prevent; if regulation is part of the program, enforcement needs to undertaken; and should address any barriers to uptake. The information provided in this Thesis highlights the substantial burden that farm injury places on the agricultural and rural sector of NSW. While there is no one data source that can describe the circumstances and the burden of farm injuries, the currently available datasets do provide an insight into the circumstances of farm injuries and the burden these injuries place on health, Workers’ Compensation, agricultural industries and farming families.
32
Keogh, Andrew James. "Systems management of Glenbrook Lagoon, New South Wales /". View thesis View thesis, 1996. http://library.uws.edu.au/adt-NUWS/public/adt-NUWS20030519.153643/index.html.
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Elliott, Malcolm Gordon. "Grass tetany of cattle in New South Wales /". View thesis View thesis, 2000. http://library.uws.edu.au/adt-NUWS/public/adt-NUWS20030424.150628/index.html.
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Amin, Janaki Public Health & Community Medicine Faculty of Medicine UNSW. "Hepatitis B and C associated cancer and mortality: New South Wales, 1990-2002". Awarded by:University of New South Wales. School of Public Health and Community Medicine, 2006. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/27338.
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This thesis examines cancer and mortality rates among people diagnosed with hepatitis B (HBV) and C (HCV) infection in New South Wales (NSW) from 1990 through 2002, by linking hepatitis notifications with the NSW Central Cancer Registry (CCR) and National Death Index. Of the 39101 HBV, 75834 HCV and 2604 HBV/HCV co-infection notifications included 1052, 1761 and 85 were linked to cancer notifications and 1233, 4008 and 186 were linked to death notifications respectively. Of 2072 hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) notifications to the CCR 323, 267 and 85 were linked to HBV, HCV and HBV/HCV co-infection notifications. Incidence of HCC was 6.5, 4.0 and 5.9 per 1000 person years for HBV, HCV and HBV/HCV co-infected groups. Risk of HCC in those diagnosed with hepatitis was 20 to 30 times greater than the standard population. There was a marginally statistically significant increased risk of immunoproliferative malignancies associated with HCV infection (SIR=5.6 95% CI 1.8 ???17.5). Risk of death for those with hepatitis was significantly greater, 1.5 to 5 fold, than the general population with the greatest risk among those with HBV/HCV co-infection. The primary cause of HBV deaths was liver related, particularly HCC, whereas in the HCV groups drug related deaths were most frequent. Among people with HCV, risk of dying from drug related causes was significantly greater than from liver related causes (p=0.012), with the greatest increased risk in females age 15- 24 years (SMR 56.9, 95%CI 39.2???79.9). Median age at diagnosis of HCC varied markedly by country of birth and hepatitis group: HBV 66, 63 and 57years ; HCV 51, 68 and 71 years; unlinked 69, 70 and 64 years for Australian, European, and Asian-born groups, respectively (P<0.0001 for all groups). While the risk of cancer, particularly HCC, is elevated among people with HBV and HCV infection, the absolute risk remains low. Young people with HCV face a higher mortality risk from continued drug use than from liver damage related to their HCV infection. The influence of IDU in the epidemiology of HCC in New South Wales was possibly reflected in the varying distributions of age and country of birth.
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Smith, Anthony Russell. "Gender in the Fifty-first New South Wales Parliament". University of Sydney, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/2562.
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Doctor of PhilosophyResponsible Government began in New South Wales in 1856. Direct participation by women began 70 years later in 1925 with the election of Millicent Preston-Stanley. Her first speech questioned whether Parliament was a fit place for women. Another significant milestone was reached after another 70 years when female MLAs in the Fifty-first Parliament constituted 15% of the Legislative Assembly and female MLCs made up 33% of the Legislative Council. In the 1990s there was no formal barrier to the participation of persons on the basis of their sex but no scholarly study had addressed the question of whether the Parliament’s culture was open to all gender orientations. This study examines the hypothesis that the Parliament informally favoured some types of gender behaviour over others. It identifies ‘gender’ as behaviour rather than a characteristic of persons and avoids the conflation of gender with sex, and particularly with women exclusively. The research used interviews, observation and document study for triangulation. The thesis describes the specific context of New South Wales parliamentary politics 1995-1999 with an emphasis on factors that affect an understanding of gender. It explores notions of representation held by MPs, analyses their personal backgrounds and reports on gender-rich behaviours in the chambers. The study concludes that gender was a significant factor in the behaviour of Members of the Parliament. There were important differences between the ways that male and female MPs approached their roles. Analysis of the concept of gender in the Parliament shows that some behaviours are more likely to bring political success than are others. The methodology developed here by adapting literature from other systems has important strengths. The data suggest that there is a need for many more detailed studies of aspects of gender in parliaments.
36
Gunn, Sheena, i n/a. "An exploratory study looking for factors that are related to the poor attendance of Aboriginal primary age children". University of Canberra. Education, 1990. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20060713.132349.
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This is an exploratory study that tries to isolate those factors that specifically relate to the
poor attendance levels of Aboriginal primary age children. The study took place in the
North-West Region of the NSW Department of Education. It was conducted by a member
of the Home/School Liaison Team which had been set up to address the problem of
non-attendance in NSW schools.
After considering both overseas and Australian studies relating to non-attendance at
school individual, family and school-based factors were looked at. One school was
targeted as a case study and students from other schools in the North-West Region were
randomly chosen to participate to attempt to broaden the results.
The student and a care provider were interviewed individually and each student's teacher
completed a questionnaire and student profile sheet. Where possible, interviewing was
performed by an Aboriginal person to allow the interviewee to feel more comfortable.
To get further details of school-based factors, all Public Schools in the North-West Region
with Aboriginal enrolments were sent questionnaires to be filled in by a staff member
in a promotions position and classroom teachers within that school.
The major finding of the study was the significance of the previous attendance history of
the student, thus indicating the necessity for early intervention if prevention of poor
attendance patterns is to occur. The targeting of the beginning years of schooling and
the introduction of parent education programs about the importance of these early years
are recommended.
Other areas found in this study to be related significantly to poor attendance were a
competitive class climate, the socio-economic background of parents, parent employment
history, parent educational background, single parent families, overcrowding and peer
group influences.
The study confirmed what many researchers had found: that school absenteeism is a
problem with many contributory factors and each student needs to be looked at
individually. Each case needs to be dealt with on its own merits.
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Jolley, Dianne F., i n/a. "The accumulation and storage of selenium in Anadara Trapezia". University of Canberra. Applied Science, 1999. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20060802.172608.
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This study examines the occurrence, distribution and storage of selenium in seagrass
communities of Lake Macquarie, which is a heavily industrialised area of NSW, where
notably high trace metal concentrations have been reported previously. Initially a suite
of organisms was collected from a seagrass bed (Zostera capricornia) in the southeastern
section of the lake to investigate the bioaccumulation and biomagnification of
selenium. All organisms contained selenium, with sediment-dwelling organisms
containing the highest Se concentrations. No consistent pattern of significant Se-metal
correlations with Cu, Zn and Cd was found. Biomagnification of Se was evident, as
concentrations increased from sediments and water to flora (algae and seagrass) to
bivalves to Crustacea. However, this trend was not continued to the higher trophic
groups of invertebrate predators and teleost fish.
The bivalve Anadara trapezia was further studied. Intrinsic and extrinsic factors
affecting the accumulation of Se were examined. Gender and mass were assessed in a
single day study, followed by a temporal investigation of the effect of gender,
reproductive cycle, temperature and salinity on Se accumulation. Gender had no effect
on the accumulation of Se in A. trapezia. Se was present in all tissues (adductor,
blood, foot, gills, intestine and mantle) and not immobilised or stored in a specific
tissue, indicating that it plays a structural role in the tissues of A. trapezia. Se burden
increased relative to size (shell length and dry mass) suggesting that Se is metabolically
controlled within the organism. Se concentrations were found to fluctuate temporally
because of: food availability in response to water temperatures; the reproductive cycle;
and associated metabolic activities responding to temperature changes and food
availability.
Subcellular selenium associations in A. trapezia were examined to assist in the
understanding of the fate of Se in marine tissues. Most of the Se was associated with
proteins, suggesting that Se has a metabolic role in this marine organism. Proteins
are intrinsically associated with the lipid bilayer of the cell membranes. A number of
proteins (94, 85, 43, 36.5, 30, 23.4, 17.4 and 15 kDa) were separated by SDS PAGE
from ethanol fractions. Determination of the Se concentration within individual
proteins was not possible because the ratio of Se to protein was too low for further
analysis.
These findings indicated that Se plays a metabolic role in the tissues of the marine
organism A. trapezia. The biochemical regulatory mechanism responsible for
maintaining Se concentrations within the tissues is currently unknown.
38
Katijua, Mutjinde, i n/a. "The effects of remnant patches of Eucalyptus open woodlands on the composition, quality and production of native pastures on the Southern Tablelands". University of Canberra. Resource, Environmental & Heritage Sciences, 1997. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20060807.130528.
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Clearance of Eucalyptus woodlands has resulted in soil deterioration and lost
agricultural production, due to wind erosion, salinity and soil acidity. Despite
increasing efforts to reverse these trends through Landcare and other revegetation
and agroforestry programs, there is a lack of experimentally-based information
about the effects of trees on native pasture performance.
The study was carried out in a temperate environment (Southern Tablelands, New
South Wales). The altitude at the study sites ranged from 740 to 880m and the
aspect at the experimental plots varied from SE to SW. The nearest site was 16 km
from Canberra Airport and all sites were situated within similar rainfall isohyets as
Canberra Airport. Thus climatic conditions were expected to be similar. Climate
records at Canberra Airport indicate that January is the hottest month with mean
maximum temperature of 27.7 �C and July is the coldest month with a maximum of
11.1 �C. Rainfall in the area ranges from 37.5 to 66.0 mm monthly average in June
and October respectively. The main tree species in the study area were Eucalyptus
pauciflora, E. melliodora and E. mannifera. Furthermore, Poa labillardieri, P.
sieberiana, Themeda australis, Danthonia penicillata and Microlaena stipoides
were the most abundant pasture species on the experimental plots. Species of clover
(Trifolium spp.) were also abundant among the herbs.
This study used pasture assessment techniques to quantify the effects of remnant
patches of Eucalyptus open woodlands on the composition, quality and biomass
production of herbaceous understorey vegetation. Microclimate and soil nutrients
were also compared under trees and in the open. In addition, consumption by
vertebrate grazers under Eucalyptus trees and in the open was compared. Tree
density and basal area were compared with herbage standing crop.
Remnant patches of Eucalyptus open woodlands modify the microclimate by
reducing wind reaching the understorey vegetation. However no significant effects
on ambient air temperature and relative humidity were recorded. The effect of trees
on soil moisture was contingent to differences between the four sites and soil depth.
Despite a 13% higher soil organic matter in the top 15 cm of soil under trees, soil
total nitrogen and total phosphorus did not differ from that in the open. Surface soil
pH values were lower (by 0.2 units) under the trees.
No significant effect of trees on pasture species richness was found. However the
classification of quadrats on the basis of species presence showed a distinction
between species composition under trees and in the open at one of the four sites.
vi
The contribution of pasture species to total dry weight on plots under trees and in
the open did depend on the particular species involved and was also contingent to
differences between sites. However at the sites where Vulpia bromoides and Poa
sieberiana were abundant, the two species dominated the biomass under trees.
Whereas Microlaena stipoides var. stipoides dominated the biomass under trees at
two sites and in the open at only one of the four sites.
Pasture total N content differed between sites. Two of the sites had significantly
higher (5.9% and 19.7%) N content under trees. On the contrary, pastures at one site
contained 18.7% higher N content in the open. The total P content was 18% higher
in pastures under trees. Overall, the pasture standing crop under trees was 15% less
than in the open during August to May. Vertebrate grazers consumed about the
same amount of pasture under the trees and in the open at the four experimental
sites.
39
Kemp, Rosslyn J., i n/a. "Teachers' perceptions of the impact of inservice courses and their preferences for particular models of inservice". University of Canberra. Education, 1993. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20060809.171422.
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The need for inservice training of teachers has increased as the
nature of schooling changes, and underlying philosophies,
structures and theories undergo revision. An understanding of
how teachers perceive inservice courses may assist in designing
inservice programs which best meet the needs of education
systems, schools and individual teachers.
This study examined teachers' perceptions of inservice as it
affects them in their schools, and their acceptance of different
content and structures of inservice models. It also examined
different groups within the teacher sample, to establish whether
differences in gender, the area of teaching they are involved in,
their years of teaching experience, or the number of inservice
courses they attend affect their perceptions.
The subjects for the study were a group of Kindergarten to Year
12 teachers from randomly sampled schools in the Western
Region of New South Wales Department of School Education.
The survey was completed by 304 respondents and a randomly
selected sub-sample participated in a semi-structured interview.
Results of the study shows generally that teachers do value the
impact of inservice courses, both in the classroom and on their
own sense of professional development, and that they have
preferences for particular content and models of inservice
courses.
40
Thurtell, Lisa, i n/a. "The impact of sewage effluent on the relationship between periphyton and benthic macroinvertebrates of the Thredbo River and the effects of nutrient removal". University of Canberra. Resource & Environmental Science, 1992. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20061109.143731.
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Nutrients, periphyton and macroinvertebrates were sampled every two months
for one year to assess the effects of treated sewage effluent on the Thredbo River
and to compare changes in chemical concentrations and the invertebrate
community since the introduction of nutrient removal on the Thredbo sewage
treatment plant. Chemically, the impact of the effluent was minor and was
reduced from levels measured before the addition of nutrient removal to the
Thredbo sewage treatment plant. However, the reduction may be the result of
higher flows during the study period. Biologically there was no indication of
nutrient enrichment during June, August and October, with differences occurring
between physically dissimilar sites irrespective of position relative to the sewage
effluent inflow. Large increases in periphyton and macroinvertebrates occurred in
December, February and April at both open sites and those downstream of the
sewage outflow. Previous studies found increases in invertebrate abundance and
richness immediately downstream of the sewage inflow, but the impact was
greater and extended further downstream than found in this study.
Strong correlations between total phosphorus and periphyton biomass and
chlorophyll-a indicate phosphorus was a limiting nutrient. Higher periphyton
biomass and chlorophyll-a at all sites during the warmer months (especially at
open sites with an even cobble substratum), throughout the year, indicates light,
temperature and substratum type were as important as phosphorus in controlling
algal growth. Low algal biomass during the high flow month of October also
indicates the importance of water velocity in controlling periphyton biomass.
The structure of the macroinvertebrate community was noticeably different at
sites downstream of the effluent discharge, with the exception of the most
downstream site, when compared to the upstream sites. The occurrence of high
macroinvertebrate numbers and species richness at sites with high periphyton
growth and the strong positive correlation between invertebrate grazers and
periphyton measurements shows a dependent relationship between invertebrates
and periphyton growth. Therefore, the physical factors of light, temperature and
substratum characteristics of particular sites in the Thredbo River, may be as
important in controlling the benthic community as the levels of nutrient inputs
from sewage.
41
Tschapka, Michael Karl, i n/a. "Involvement, motivation and setting preferences of participants in the adventure tourism activity of SCUBA diving". University of Canberra. Languages, International Studies & Tourism, 2006. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20061128.125036.
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Adventure tourism is a growing market sector worldwide including Australia. A range of
research exists that examined participation in adventure tourism activities by consideration
of various aspects such as socio-demographics, motivations, activity/setting preferences
and involvement in the activity to understand the adventure tourist. While studies have
been conducted that included several of these aspects, a holistic investigation of
involvement, motivations and setting preferences together has not been conducted
previously regarding adventure tourism in Australia in general and SCUBA diving in
particular. Furthermore, in Australia, only limited information is available about those who
participate in the adventure activity of SCUBA diving. The aim of this research is to
investigate differences and similarities of involvement, motivations and setting preferences
of SCUBA diving club members in Eastern Australia.
In this study 294 SCUBA diving club members in New South Wales and Queensland were
surveyed by utilisation of a web-based questionnaire in order to identify their involvement
in SCUBA diving, socio-demographic characteristics, participation motives and setting
preferences.
Descriptive analysis was used to investigate the socio-demographic characteristics of
divers, their motivations and setting preferences. Principal component analysis was applied
on involvement variables as well as motivations to investigate the underlying constructs.
Agglomerative and hierarchical cluster analyses were used to derive clusters of divers that
differed in their involvement in SCUBA diving. Exact Pearson chi-square tests were
conducted to test whether there were significant differences concerning sociodemographics
between clusters. In addition, analyses of variance (ANOVAs) were
conducted to determine differences and similarities of motivational components and setting
preferences between clusters.
This study found that SCUBA diving club members are a heterogeneous group regarding
their involvement in SCUBA diving. Five clusters of divers emerged that differed in their
involvement in SCUBA diving. While differences in socio-demographics across the
different involvement clusters were revealed, they proved to be less valuable for
interpretation purposes. Regarding divers� setting preferences, similar structures were
observed across all clusters regardless of differences in involvement. Motivations showed a
complex structure across the clusters in regard to divers� involvement in SCUBA diving.
Based on the studies findings, recommendations for future research were suggested. These
emphasised the need for a holistic examination of motivations and setting preferences of
adventure tourists based on the concept of involvement, which would be important for
theory development and segmentation of tourists. The same holistic approach would also
be valuable for examining other types of tourists such as events tourists and heritage
tourists to better understand tourist behaviour.
42
Cockrell, Deborah Jane. "Rural clinical placements for dental students : an action research study". University of Sydney, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/4662.
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Doctor of PhilosophyThis work was digitised and made available on open access by the University of Sydney, Faculty of Dentistry and Sydney eScholarship . It may only be used for the purposes of research and study. Where possible, the Faculty will try to notify the author of this work. If you have any inquiries or issues regarding this work being made available please contact the Sydney eScholarship Repository Coordinator - ses@library.usyd.edu.au
43
Webb, Garry Anthony. "The effects of logging on populations of small ground-dwelling vertebrates in montane eucalypt forest in South-Eastern New South Wales". Thesis, Canberra, ACT : The Australian National University, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/140692.
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Smith, A. R. "Gender in the Fifty-first New South Wales Parliament". Connect to full text, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/2562.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Sydney, 2003.Title from title screen (viewed Apr. 8, 2009) Degree awarded 2003; thesis submitted 2002. Submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy to the Dept. of Government and International Relations, Faculty of Arts. Includes bibliographical references. Also available in print form.
45
Cahill, Erin Elizabeth. "Outlaws and their mortgages an analysis of the Property (Relationships) Act 1984 (NSW) /". Access electronically, 2005. http://ro.uow.edu.au/theses/280.
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46
Decker, Frank. "The emergence of money in convict New South Wales". Marburg Metropolis-Verl, 2009. http://d-nb.info/1001248597/04.
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47
Rutland, Suzanne D. "The Jewish Community In New South Wales 1914-1939". University of Sydney, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/6536.
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48
Nielsen, Robin Christian. "A sustainability review of the NSW Native Vegetation Conservation Act 1997 and its implementation". Thesis, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/148135.
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49
Bell, Justin Robert William Civil & Environmental Engineering Faculty of Engineering UNSW. "Cyclic deposition of salt-laden dusts as an explanation of salinisation in a groundwater recharge zone Coleambally irrigation area Riverine plain NSW". 2007. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/40549.
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Salinisation of the shallow groundwater system has occurred coincident with the development of irrigation in the Coleambally Irrigation Area. Salinisation in irrigation areas has previously been attributed to the evaporative concentration of the water table; however, there are other sources of salt such as the accumulation of rainfall by vegetation and the dry deposition of salt-laden dusts. A significant store of crystalline gypsum, together with high concentrations of Na, Mg and Confidence limit, was found within the previously unsaturated zone of the Upper Shepparton Formation. The salt store was identified both within and outside of the groundwater mound; therefore evaporative concentration of the water table cannot be the source of salt. The transition from regional groundwater quality, as applied as irrigation to the ground surface, to shallow groundwater quality is simply explained by solubilisation of this salt store in the presence of soil CO2. Dating of basal palaeochannel sands indicates that the identified salt store, a profile of only 20 m, was accumulated during the last glacial cycle. Radiocarbon dating indicates that the peak in eluate salinity, at approximately 2 m below ground surface, is between 15,000 and 25,000 years old, coincident with the Last Glacial Maximum. The Last Glacial Maximum was a period of significantly enhanced aridity on the Australian continent. It was also found that the peak in eluate salinity coincided with a bi-modal particle size distribution. The bi-modal signature implies that these sediments were subject to the aeolian accession of dusts. It was found that the contribution of salt from dry deposition of dusts exceeded the contribution from rainfall by at least 1.9 to 11 times during the last glacial cycle. The results of this study imply that salt-laden dusts have, and continue to play an important role in the salinity and sodicity of soils in the Coleambally Irrigation Area and beyond.
50
May, Sarah Anne. "Aspects of the ecology of the cat, fox and dog in the south-east forests of NSW : their potential impact on native species in forests managed for the production of timber". Phd thesis, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/110244.
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The principle objective of this study was to examine the potential impact of the Cat,
Fox and dog on native species, in particular those that are prey of these predators, in
native forests that are principally managed for the production of timber in south-east
NSW. This was examined initially by investigating the relative effectiveness of four
techniques for surveying the Cat, Fox and dog, viz:- (i) spotlighting, (ii) scat surveys,
(iii) scent-station surveys; and (iv) hair-tube surveys. The results from the surveys
provided information on: (i) the distribution of the Cat, Fox and dog in relation to
roads, forest edges and remote forest environments; and (ii) the relative abundance of
the Fox and dog in the region. The results from the surveys were also used to
investigate habitat attributes that potentially influence the abundance of the Fox and
dog in the region. The extent that the Cat, Fox and dog used habitat in the vicinity of
roads and habitat away from roads also was investigated using hair-tubes and radiotracking
techniques.
Scat surveys provided information on the diet of the Fox and dog. Results from diet
analyses and spotlight surveys were used to explore whether the Fox and dog were
opportunistic or selective in their choice of prey. The relative risk of prey species to
predation by the Fox and dog also was assessed. Finally, the data collected in this
study provided an opportunity to explore the efficacy of poison-baiting for reducing
the abundance of the Fox and dog in the region during the period of the study.
v
The study region was stratified using environmental domains (Richards et al. 1990) to
place it in a broader environmental context and to identify the environmental variation
within it. To provide a comparative basis for field research, the environmental
domains were grouped into two areas, viz:- the coastal and escarpment area. Within
each of the two areas 15 sites were identified for survey purposes.
Spotlighting, scat collection, scent-stations and hair-tubes were found not to be equally
effective for surveying the Cat, Fox and dog in the region. Spotlighting was found to be
the least effective method for detecting these species. Scat surveys provided
information on the distribution and relative abundance of the Fox and dog, but was
ineffective for detecting the Cat. Hair-tubes detected the Cat and dog, but not the Fox,
despite observations of the Fox close to hair-tubes. With the exception of data
collected from scat surveys, statistical analyses were limited due to small sample
sizes. As a consequence, some of the analyses are descriptive and should be
considered as an exploratory investigation only.
The dog was found to be equally abundant both in the coastal and the escarpment
areas, and significantly more abundant and widespread than the Fox. The Fox was significantly more abundant in the coastal area. The abundance of the Fox and dog
varied significantly between survey periods and there was significant variation in their
abundance within each area.
Following poison-baiting, the abundance of the Fox and dog decreased at sites where
poison-baiting occurred. However, this was not statistically significant.
Hair-tube surveys detected the Cat and dog on roads, in edge habitat (areas within
500 m of a road) and in areas more than 1.5 km from roads (or remote areas). The Fox
was also detected in all three habitat types from scats and by observation. In
addition, radio-tracking found that one Cat preferred habitat more than 500 m from
roads.
The remains of 29 mammal species were found in the scats of the Fox and dog during
the study. Large mammal species (i.e., those with an adult body weight greater than
10 kg), and in particular the Swamp Wallaby, were the most common prey of the dog.
Large mammals formed more than 50% of its diet. Correspondingly, these species
were also found to be most at risk from predation by the dog. Medium-sized marrunal
species (i.e., those with an adult body weight between 0.75-10 kg) formed
approximately one-third of the diet of the dog. The remainder of the diet consisted of
small mammal species (i.e., those with an adult body weight less than 0.75 kg).
Small mammals were the most common prey of the Fox. The Dusky Antechinus,
Brown Antechinus, Bush Rat and Black Rat each formed more than 5% of the diet of
the Fox. These species were also found to be more at risk from predation by the Fox
than large and medium-sized mammals. Approximately one-third of the diet of the
Fox consisted of medium-sized mammals, in particular the Rabbit, closely followed by
the Common Ringtail Possum.
The extent to which the Fox and the dog were opportunistic or selective predators was
not clear from this study. Overall, the most common large and medium-sized species
in the diet<> of the dog and Fox also were relatively more abundant (e.g., the Swamp
Wallaby, brushtail possums and Common Ringtail Possum). This suggested that the
dog and Fox hunted these species in proportion to their abundance (i.e.,
opportunistically). However, this relationship was not always consistent. The abundance of the dog, rainfall, and time since logging were found to be
significantly correlated with the abundance of the Fox in the region. A number of
factors, such as resource partitioning of prey by the dog and Fox, potentially greater
abundances of small mammals in drier forests, and relative ease of foraging by the Fox
in recently logged and perhaps unlogged forests, may have partially explained these results. No habitat attributes were found to explain significantly the abundance of the
dog in the region.
The results from this study clearly indicate that the Cat, Fox and dog are widespread
in the region and the Fox and dog are relatively abundant. The evidence from this
study and other studies suggest that in forest environments most mammal species,
with the exception of bats and some arboreal species, are potential prey for these
predators. This may have consequences for the survival of native species, particularly
Critical Weight Range (CWR) species (i.e., those with an adult body weight between
35-5500 g) and ground-dwelling mammals that are rare and/ or endangered, in these
forests. As small mammals were found to be most at risk from predation by the Fox,
it may be a greater threat to CWR species and species that are rare and/ or
endangered. It is possible that high levels of predation by feral predators can suppress
small populations to the extent that they cannot recover (i.e., predator-pit) and thus
are more prone to extinction from stochastic events. In the absence of knowledge, such
as the range of prey densities over which feral predators exert a regulatory role,
endangered and naturally rare prey species may be able to persist in the presence of
the Cat, Fox and dog provided that: (i) relatively dense understorey vegetation (i.e.,
their habitat) is maintained to provide refugia; and (ii) feral predator populations are
effectively controlled to minimise their potential impact.