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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat "New products Economic aspects":
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DE SOYRES, F. "Economic aspects of new cartographic products". International Journal of Remote Sensing 10, nr 2 (luty 1989): 381–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01431168908903876.
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Stejskal, V. "A new concept of economic injury level that includes penalization of damage to quality and safety of agricultural products". Plant Protection Science 37, No. 4 (1.01.2001): 151–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/8380-pps.
Streszczenie:
The traditional model of Economic Injury Level (EIL) does not allow to directly incorporate aspects of damage to quality and safety of a product (Dq) into the decision-making process to control a pest (pathogen, weed, arthropod, vertebrate). This work now attempts to generalize a concept of EIL by (i) separating damages to quality and safety (i.e. Dq and EILq) from quantitative (i.e. Dw and EILw) types of damage (D) in the traditional EIL-equation, and (ii) by establishing a new way of estimation of EILq based on the penalization of quality and/or safety damage. The importance to distinguish between the terms EIL, EILw and EILq is discussed, and a calculation of the new index (Z), enabling the comparison of the relative economic importance of qualitative and quantitative damage caused by a particular level of pest infestation or disease severity, is proposed.
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Шипкова, Елена, E. Shipkova, Наталья Борисова, Natalya Borisova, Александр Борисов i Alyeksandr Borisov. "REGIONAL ASPECTS OF INNOVATION". Russian Journal of Management 4, nr 3 (2.11.2016): 333–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/21951.
Streszczenie:
Innovative processes, innovative projects in the current conditions of economic entities of the economy are an effective means of competition for leadership positions in the market economy and a focus on the creation of new needs, increasing profitability of products, investment.
The work area is presented as a social, ecological and economic system. We consider innovation indicators of the Orenburg region. The problems of innovative development of the region. It presents the characteristics of innovation management at the regional level.
The study of the regional aspects of innovation activity in the region is an attempt to develop a mechanism of innovation development of regional socio-ecological-economic system, which will allow for a continuous process of interaction between all the elements of the system and to ensure the achievement of the business entities of strategic guidelines for regional development.
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Куценко, Екатерина, Ekaterina Kutsenko, О. Солдаткина i O. Soldatkina. "Regional aspects of innovative activity". Russian Journal of Management 4, nr 3 (2.11.2016): 333–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/21964.
Streszczenie:
Innovative processes, innovative projects in the current conditions of economic entities of the economy are an effective means of competition for leadership positions in the market economy and a focus on the creation of new needs, increasing profitability of products, investment.
The work area is presented as a social, ecological and economic system. We consider innovation indicators of the Orenburg region. The problems of innovative development of the region. It presents the characteristics of innovation management at the regional level.
The study of the regional aspects of innovation activity in the region is an attempt to develop a mechanism of innovation development of regional socio-ecological-economic system, which will allow for a continuous process of interaction between all the elements of the system and to ensure the achievement of the business entities of strategic guidelines for regional development.
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Sharma, Manju. "New Biology towards Socio-economic Progress". Journal of Palaeosciences 50, nr (1-3) (31.12.2001): 161–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.54991/jop.2001.1820.
Streszczenie:
Prof. Birbal Sahni, the founder Director of the Birbal Sahni Institute of Palaeobotany paved the way for systematic developments in this field from botanical and geological aspects. Palaeobotany is the study of ancient life. The Indian sub-continent is bestowed with enormous biodiversity and richness of biological resources. The grave consequence of loss of biological diversity has to be understood on scientific basis. The global biological heritage, both for the present and for the future will have a proven influence on the potential of constructing a sustainable agriculture and forestry system which will produce useful products for the sustenance of human life. The work in new biology and the advent of biotechnology and genetic engineering have given a large number of fundamentals, innovations, tools and techniques. The scientists can produce crops with desired traits, enhance the food productivity and nutritional status of the crops, produce new vaccines and diagnostics, develop packages for environmental restoration and protection of biodiversity. The future advances in new biology offer enormous potential both for economic and societal development.
Keywords- Biology, Technology, Genome, Biodiversity, Protein.
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Kolesnikova, Julia S., i Soheib Boudjenah. "Digitalization and Migration: Aspects of Interaction". Social’naya politika i sociologiya 20, nr 3 (30.09.2021): 16–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.17922/2071-3665-2021-20-3-16-23.
Streszczenie:
Digitalization has radically changed and penetrated various economic sectors, completely changing the traditional foundations of the global labor market. Changes in information and communications technology have triggered a wave of new processes and products, driving competition and productivity gains, leading to the emergence of digital work platforms – a new way of organizing work and business. In turn, these trends have influenced the migration processes in the world, and this article is aimed at studying aspects of the reorganization of labor migration within the framework of this transformation. Based on the data of economic modeling, it was determined that the greatest statistically significant effect is exerted by variables in activity in the Internet space, the development of a mobile network, the development of social networks, and digital work platforms that provide access to income as a result of digital labor are also significant.
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Ilic-Stojanovic, Snezana, i Sinisa Djordjevic. "Intellectual property protection of pharmaceutical products and processes". Chemical Industry 57, nr 3 (2003): 126–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/hemind0303126i.
Streszczenie:
The role of intellectual property is significantly increasing within new international economic and commercial relationships. Intellectual capital is being increasingly recognised as one of the most important domains belonging to the greatest and the most powerful world companies. Intellectual property protection is a complex category and it comprises legal, technical and economical-financial aspects.
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Havryliuk, S., L. Melko, G. Uvarova, V. Karyuk i I. Mihus. "IMPLEMENTATION OF THE MODEL OF INNOVATIVE TOURIST PRODUCT IN UKRAINE: FINANCIAL AND ECONOMIC ASPECTS". Financial and credit activity: problems of theory and practice 1, nr 36 (17.02.2021): 219–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.18371/fcaptp.v1i36.227769.
Streszczenie:
The article presents a scientific discussion on trends and prospects for product innovation in the tourism business. The main objective of the study is to substantiate the nature and role of innovative tourism products in improving the efficiency of economic and product activities of tourism enterprises, the need for their implementation in tourism at its present stage in Ukraine. Analysis of literature sources and existing approaches to solving the problem of implementation of innovative products by tourism enterprises allowed us to formulate conceptual tools in this area, taking into account industry specifics, to characterize the types of product innovations of tourism enterprises. The topicality of solving this scientific problem boils down to the fact that in conditions of competition, the development of tourism business is ensured primarily by the use of product innovations by tourism enterprises, the introduction of effective ways to implement priority areas of innovation. The study of the problem of implementation of innovative tourist products in the practical activities of enterprises is carried out in the following logical sequence: the subject matter and types of innovative tourist products have been analysed, the main prerequisites for their implementation in the activities of enterprises have been defined; the main trends in the development of innovations in the tourism business of Ukraine, in particular, new tourism products and innovative approaches used to retain regular customers and attract new ones in a competitive environment; an optimal model of implementation of innovative tourist products has been developed.
The methodological tools of the conducted study were general theoretical and specific methods, in particular, logical and dialectical, graphoanalytical method, method of scientific abstraction, systemic and integrated approaches. The study covered the period of 2010—2019. The object of research is an innovative tourist product that allowed implementation of its model taking into account the effect of external and internal environment.
The article presents the results of empirical analysis of the main trends in the development of innovation at the present stage of development of the tourism business in Ukraine. In addition, there are reasons that inhibit innovation in tourism, which must be taken into account for the development and implementation of innovative tourist products.
The study theoretically proves and supports that the development of innovative activities and the introduction of innovative tourist products provide tourism enterprises with competitive advantages. The results of the study can be useful in the practical work of travel agencies that seek to create a portfolio of innovative products and increase the efficiency of their activities.
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Tukhvatullin, Midhat, Yuri Arkhangelsky, Rustam Aipov i Eduard Khasanov. "Materials and Economic Aspects of Designing Microwave Electrical Installations". Mathematical Modelling of Engineering Problems 9, nr 2 (28.04.2022): 336–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.18280/mmep.090206.
Streszczenie:
Ultrahigh-frequency electro-technical installations are capable of performing thermal microwave modification of dielectric and non-thermal microwave modification of polymer materials and products, as a result of which new properties and parameters appear in the object processed in the working chamber of such an installation. When designing microwave electrical installations, it is necessary to consider the relationship between the dielectric parameters of the processed object and the parameters of the microwave electromagnetic field of the working chamber of the installation. The paper considers the influence of the parameters of the processed dielectrics on the synthesis of working chambers of microwave electrical installations and mathematical modelling of heat treatment in a microwave electromagnetic field, the structure and parameters of the installation on its economic efficiency. Consideration of the materials science and economic aspects of microwave electrical technology allows to accelerate and reduce the cost of design in microwave electrical technology.
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Aldeshova, S. B., G. T. Akhmetova i M. S. Dariskaliyeva. "Financial and economic activity in agricultural enterprises: theoretical aspects". Problems of AgriMarket, nr 2 (6.07.2021): 86–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.46666/2021-2.2708-9991.10.
Streszczenie:
The goal is to show the specifics of conducting financial and economic activities in agricultural enterprises, which differs from other sectors of economy, which is more characterized by the assortment, volumes of products produced and sales in value terms, which is directly dependent on the quality, deterioration of production facilities, the availability of the necessary raw materials, materials, sales options. The following tasks were solved: problems of accounting in the entities of agricultural sphere were studied; identified difficulties in enhancing economic activity in farms of this sector; a system of measures is proposed to improve the efficiency of the use of land, production assets, material, financial and labor resources, reduce losses, increase the profitability of agricultural products and improve the financial and economic situation of farms, in the presence of extensive, promptly received information. The results of the analysis show that along with external factors (inflation, violation of parity of inter-industry exchange, effective demand, level of consumer income and other economic conditions of management), internal factors also have a great influence on financial and economic activities: optimization of the structure of assets, introduction of investment and innovation processes, technical and technological modernization of agricultural sector. Agricultural accounting helps to provide the necessary information on the progress of production processes, increase profitability and improve the quality of work. The main conclusions are that when organizing accounting in agricultural enterprises, it is necessary to provide the use of advanced information technologies, implementation of new opportunities for adaptation to the needs of various user groups, development of mechanisms for interaction with other programs. Effective agro-industrial production is possible only under the condition of a stable financial condition of economic entity.
Rozprawy doktorskie na temat "New products Economic aspects":
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Peak, Geoffrey Colin. "Product innovation and differentiation, intra-industry trade and growth : a thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy". Title page, contents and abstract only, 2001. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09php357.pdf.
Streszczenie:
Includes bibliograhical references (leaves 239-251) Concerned with the influence that the production of innovative goods has on the economic growth rate of a country. Proposes that amongst the developed economies, the higher the level of production of innovative goods within a country, the higher the GDP growth rate, all else being equal.
2
Paumgarten, Fiona. "The significance of the safety-net role of NTFPS in rural livelihoods, South Africa /". Thesis, Rhodes University, 2007. http://eprints.ru.ac.za/871/.
3
Williams, Rachael M. "Do geographical indications promote sustainable rural development? : two UK case studies and implications for New Zealand rural development policy". Lincoln University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10182/585.
Streszczenie:
Geographical indications (GIs) are one form of protective labelling used to indicate the origin of food and alcohol products. The role of protected geographical indicators as a promising sustainable rural development tool is the basis for this research. The protection of geographical indications is a rather controversial subject and much research is still required for both sides of the debate. The research method employed for this study is qualitative critical social science. Two Case studies are used to investigate the benefits brought to rural areas through the protection of GIs. The case studies include the GIs Jersey Royal and Welsh Lamb both from the United Kingdom a member of the European Union (the EU is in favour of extended protection of GIs for all agro-food products under the 1994 WTO/TRIPS agreement on geographical indications). Twenty-five indepth interviews were conducted for this study the duration of the interviews was approximately one hour. The study identifies predominantly indirect links between GIs and sustainable rural development, through economic and social benefits bought to rural areas by the GIs investigated - less of a connection was found to ecological elements. No considerable cost for GI protection was discovered. This finding suggests that GIs are worthwhile for implementation in New Zealand as a rural development tool.
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Low, Ming Kaan. "Design and financial aspects of the end-of-life management of telecommunications products". Thesis, Loughborough University, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.362670.
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Pornprasitpol, Pornwan Mechanical & Manufacturing Engineering Faculty of Engineering UNSW. "Selective disassembly for re-use of industrial products". Awarded by:University of New South Wales. School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, 2006. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/24274.
Streszczenie:
As a result of rapid product development, the product life cycle has become shorter, and thus the amount of waste from discarded industrial products has risen dramatically. An awareness of the world???s environmental problems has stimulated researchers to explore the opportunities to reuse, recycle and remanufacture end-of-life products. Disassembly is a systematic approach to separating products into components or subassemblies in order to facilitate recovery of components or materials. However, the full disassembly of a product tends to be unproductive due to technical and cost constraints and product conditions after usage. Therefore, selective disassembly has been introduced as a more practical approach, where only a limited number of disassembly paths that lead to selected parts with recovering potential are considered. This research focuses on the development of a selective disassembly methodology by reversing an assembly sequencing approach. The methodology uses a step-by-step approach to generate a disassembly sequence diagram. This involves listing all the parts within the product, generating a liaison diagram to illustrate part relationships and then establishing precedence rules describing prerequisite actions for each liaison. This is followed by segregating disassembly paths that lead to the removal of selected parts or subassemblies. Then a winnowing process is applied to these paths to eliminate invalid disassembly states and transitions. The last step is to select the optimal disassembly path by using the time requirement as the main selection criterion. In order to shorten the time for carrying out the sequencing process, a javabased program that is capable of performing the first three steps has been created. The program requires three basic inputs in forms of precedence rules, and user-required part (s) and disassembly rules, prescribing which liaison (s) should be done subsequent to a particular liaison. The viability of the methodology and the program is proved through seven case studies conducted on a fishing reel, a single-hole punch, a kettle, an entire washing machine and three washing machine subassemblies. The application of the program allows the users to determine an optimal disassembly sequence in a very short time and with only basic product information as the input.
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Otto, Kevin, Victor Tang i Warren Seering. "Establishing Quantitative Economic Value for Features and Functionality of New Products and New Services (CHAPTER N)". PDMA Toolbook II, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/3821.
Streszczenie:
This chapter has two key themes: (1) a list of customer needs is interesting, but insufficient for many development decisions, (2) establishing a quantified, dollar value for each requirement is more helpful. To that end, we present an approach and method to establishing the quantitative monetary value for new product features and performance. This approach is targeted to product development managers and engineers engaged at the “front-end” of the product development process when the decisions about selection and trade-off of product functions and features are made. This approach examines the customer’s business operations and essentially establishing their business case for your product down to the feature and performance levels. This provides for much better trade-off decisions in new product development. This approach also helps to identify whitespace opportunities, those new product and/or service opportunities that are not being served by any current product. Moreover, because the methodology is fine grained, the whitespace opportunities are resolved into clear and actionable product development projects.Center for Innovation in Product Development
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Cohen, David H. "The adoption of innovative wood processing technologies in the building products industry". Diss., Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/54508.
Streszczenie:
The strategic importance of the adoption of innovative processing technologies was analyzed for building products businesses. This study examined the two components of wood building products businesses: the structural panel industry and the softwood Iumber industry. To ensure that the relevance of adopting of innovative processing technologies was examined within an accurate contextual environment, additional important strategies and performance were also measured.
A mail survey of the seventy-five largest North American producers of these two products provided the primary data necessary to investigate the strategic importance of process technology adoption, forward vertical integration, relative market share, grade sector focus, and investment intensity on firm performance as measured by profitability surrogates and changes in relative market share. This survey collected direct measures of the proportion of 1987 production produced by respondent firms that used controlled distribution channels and each of twentythree processes indicative of innovative technologies in the manufacture of building products. Information concerning the other strategic and performance factors was collected from secondary data sources.
Results indicate that the adoption of innovative processing technologies has a positive impact on firm profitability. Investment intensity and grade sector focus also contributed to superior profitability. Forward vertical integration, and relative market share had no impact in differences between performance levels for the firms studied.
Technologies were examined for underlying dimensions that group different process technologies together. Firms were clustered according to their level of adoption of innovative processing technologies and these clusters were then described according to a variety of firm-dependent characteristics, strategies, and performance measures. A strategy-performance model was developed for standardized, industrial product-markets and empirically tested using the data collected for the building products industry as an industry representative of this type of competitive environment.Ph. D.
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Dahl, Darren W. "The use of visual mental imagery in new product design". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp02/NQ34546.pdf.
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Ozsut, Melda. "Rentier States and Conflict: New Concepts, Different Perspectives". Thesis, University of North Texas, 2018. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1157529/.
Streszczenie:
Since the 1970s, a curious phenomenon has emerged, suggesting that resource rich countries are "cursed" by their resources. Over the last couple of decades, researchers have argued that rentier countries are more likely to have educational underachievement, the Dutch disease, corruption, slower democratization, and conflict. Although current research has proven helpful and productive, some aspects still remain contested in both theoretical and empirical terms. This dissertation aims to fill certain lacunae in this literature. My dissertation examines how ordinary citizens turn into dissidents and then to rebels in rentier states. I build and test an innovative theoretical argument, which focuses on individuals' daily lives, and explains how policies by rentier governments discourage merit-based employment. This, in turn, yields a high level of grievance among segments of the population. I also develop a comprehensive theory that combines macro-level and micro-level explanations of conflict onset in rentier states. Finally, I analyze an important, but previously neglected aspect of civil wars in rentier states: conflict outcomes. I suggest that the existence of abundant natural resources would have a significant impact on conflict outcomes. Accordingly, government victory would be more likely, and negotiated settlement would be less likely in rentier countries compared to non-rentier countries.
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Bonnet, D. C. L. "Integrating market factors in the design and development of technologically advanced new industrial products". Thesis, University of Oxford, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.371603.
Książki na temat "New products Economic aspects":
1
NABC Meeting (18th 2006 Cornell University). Agricultural biotechnology: Economic growth through new products, partnerships and workforce development. Ithaca, N.Y: National Agricultural Biotechnology Council, 2006.
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Steve, Dowrick, red. Economic approaches to innovation. Aldershot, Hants, England: E. Elgar, 1995.
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Gentzkow, Matthew. Valuing new goods in a model with complementarities: Online newspapers. Cambridge, Mass: National Bureau of Economic Research, 2006.
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Sousa, Louis J. Toward a new materials paradigm. [Washington]: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Bureau of Mines, 1992.
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Henderson, Nona R. Efficacy and marketability of liquid fish fertilizer in southern New Jersey. [New Brunswick, N.J: Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, New Jersey Sea Grant College Program, 1995.
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Puga, Diego. Knowledge creation and control in organizations. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, 2002.
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Anisimov, I︠U︡ P. Osvoenie produktovykh innovat︠s︡iĭ. Voronezh: Voronezhskai︠a︡ gos. tekhnologicheskai︠a︡ akademii︠a︡, 2003.
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Grossman, Gene M. Quality ladders in the theory of growth. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, 1989.
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United States. Dept. of Agriculture. New Farm and Forest Products Task Force. New farm and forest products: Responses to the challenges and opportunities facing American agriculture. [Washington, D.C.]: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, New Farm and Forest Products Task Force, 1987.
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Novak, Sharon. Complementarity among vertical integration decisions: Evidence from automobile product development. Cambridge, Mass: National Bureau of Economic Research, 2007.
Części książek na temat "New products Economic aspects":
1
Tyulin, Andrey, i Alexander Chursin. "Economic Aspects of Developing Science-Intensive Products". W The New Economy of the Product Life Cycle, 195–230. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-37814-1_6.
2
Blackley, Stan, David McVey, Maria Scholten i Adam Veitch. "Adding Value to a Scottish Rye Landrace: Collaborative Research into New Artisanal Products". W Seeds for Diversity and Inclusion, 137–48. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-89405-4_9.
Streszczenie:
AbstractHebridean rye (Secale cereale), a high-yield landrace grown by crofters in Scotland’s Highlands and Islands, has traditionally been used as livestock feed. This multi-author study presents and analyses findings into the crop’s potential as the raw material for locally produced flour, bread and beer, offering new opportunities in sustainable seed saving, small-scale agriculture, food production and eco-enterprise. The authors—part of the project’s multidisciplinary team of researchers, artisanal food producers and crofters—explicate aspects of the pioneering project, from conditions on Uist’s coastal machair where the rye originates, to testing seasonal varieties in mainland Lochaber and assessing nutritional qualities and consumer acceptance of novel products. They conclude that Hebridean rye, with its potential for crofters in remote locales and local businesses, could help in preserving agrobiodiversity, traditional knolwedge and practices, crofting culture and economic resilience in the north and north-west of Scotland.
3
Jakobi, G., P. Krings i E. Schmadel. "Economic Aspects". W Surfactants in Consumer Products, 504–16. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-71545-7_10.
4
Behnam, Sarah, Giacomo Bonaiti, Severin Filek i Tamara König. "Co-Design of Creative Products Embedding Recycled Fibers". W Systemic Circular Economy Solutions for Fiber Reinforced Composites, 215–28. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-22352-5_11.
Streszczenie:
AbstractThe involvement of designers in the sustainable transition from linear to circular economy is crucial since they significantly contribute to the realization of products and services. In the FiberEUse project, a multiple-step approach to co-design was employed, starting with the definition of a first and second design brief in order to clarify the task objectives for designers. This was followed by the description of the co-design process, which aims to engage designers to contribute innovative design concepts for recycled composites. By publishing design concepts in the feedback collection software module Idea Manager, designers and users were able to exchange information, insights, visions, and thoughts digitally. The Idea Manager comprises a feedback collection tool that supports a first assessment of design concepts. Depending on the design briefing and/or confidentiality agreements, the feedback collection and the assessment can either be done (stakeholder-)internally or publicly. A flowchart illustrates the multi-step approach of co-design within the FiberEUse project. The feedback collection process was aided by a progress analysis to detect new value chains for business cases. For the selection of product design concepts, a progress analysis partitioned into four main criteria, the following aspects are drawn on for assessment: (i) quantitative and qualitative production feasibility, (ii) closeness to market introduction, (iii) potential volume of the market, (iv) circularity, (v) type of market, (vi) service opportunities, and (vii) take-back/deposit systems. Aside from bringing out the advantages of co-design for consumers as well as production companies, this chapter also discusses general challenges of co-design and co-creation in a broader sense when intellectual property rights (IPR) are not respected appropriately. The participation in a publicly accessible co-design of concepts must be clearly communicated and accepted by each participant by agreeing to intelligible terms and conditions.
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Arabsolgar, Dena, i Andrea Musumeci. "Cloud-Based Platform for the Circular Value-Chain". W Systemic Circular Economy Solutions for Fiber Reinforced Composites, 271–302. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-22352-5_14.
Streszczenie:
AbstractThe FiberEUse IT platform is a tool that enables the exchange of information among stakeholders working into and crossing the glass and carbon fibers value chains. The list of stakeholders had been identified and is listed into the document. The list of users of the platform is also listed into the document, although it is not fixed. During the collection and analysis of the requirements, the circularity of the approach had been in the core focus. This drove to the identification of solutions able to cover all the different and innovative aspects of a Circular Economy Systemic Innovation. New products, new processes, new materials, new connections, quick and unexpected introductions of innovations, methodological approach, end of waste concept, availability of objects for dismantle, not-standardized parameters, are only some of the aspects arisen analysing deeply the requirements. They have all been approached in the platform which is by definition circular, dynamic, expandable and polymorphic. In the FiberEUse project, the validation activities of the IT platform had adopted an agile approach involving demonstrators during the preliminary phases of analysis, and mock-up creation. An internal technical validation had been completed. The methodology had been adopted and main results are reported in Sect. 5.
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Fisher, William P. "Measurement Systems, Brilliant Processes, and Exceptional Results in Healthcare: Untapped Potentials of Person-Centered Outcome Metrology for Cultivating Trust". W Springer Series in Measurement Science and Technology, 357–96. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-07465-3_12.
Streszczenie:
AbstractAn historic shift in focus on the quality and person-centeredness of health care has occurred in the last two decades. Accounts of results produced from reinvigorated attention to the measurement, management, and improvement of the outcomes of health care show that much has been learned, and much remains to be done. This article proposes that causes of the failure to replicate in health care the benefits of “lean” methods lie in persistent inattention to measurement fundamentals. These fundamentals must extend beyond mathematical and technical issues to the social, economic, and political processes involved in constituting trustworthy performance measurement systems. Successful “lean” implementations will follow only when duly diligent investments in these fundamentals are undertaken. Absent those investments, average people will not be able to leverage brilliant processes to produce exceptional outcomes, and we will remain stuck with broken processes in which even brilliant people can produce only flawed results. The methodological shift in policy and practice prescribed by the authors of the chapters in this book moves away from prioritizing the objectivity of data in centrally planned and executed statistical modeling, and toward scientific models that prioritize the objectivity of substantive and invariant unit quantities. The chapters in this book describe scientific modeling’s bottom-up, emergent and evolving standards for mass customized comparability. Though the technical aspects of the scientific modeling perspective are well established in health care outcomes measurement, operationalization of the social, economic, and political aspects required for creating new degrees of trust in health care institutions remains at a nascent stage of development. Potentials for extending everyday thinking in new directions offer hope for achieving previously unattained levels of efficacy in health care improvement efforts.
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Perrin, Richard K. "Economic Opportunities for New Genetic Products". W Designing Crops for Added Value, 11–20. Madison, WI, USA: American Society of Agronomy, Inc., Crop Science Society of America, Inc., Soil Science Society of America, Inc., 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2134/agronmonogr40.c2.
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Mitchell, David A., Marin Berovic i Nadia Krieger. "Biochemical Engineering Aspects of Solid State Bioprocessing". W New Products and New Areas of Bioprocess Engineering, 61–138. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-45564-7_3.
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Larrabure, Manuel. "Economic Aspects of the New Authoritarianism". W The Latin American Crisis and the New Authoritarian State, 44–66. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003155836-4.
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Bäcker, Gerhard. "Comments: The New Germany — A Divided Society". W Economic Aspects of German Unification, 233–38. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-79972-3_11.
Streszczenia konferencji na temat "New products Economic aspects":
1
HORSKA, Elena, Alim PULATOV i Khabibullo PIRMATOV. "ECONOMIC ASPECTS OF VALUE ADDED AGRICULTURE IN UZBEKISTAN". W RURAL DEVELOPMENT. Aleksandras Stulginskis University, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/rd.2017.213.
Streszczenie:
The goal of this paper is to analyse socio-economic role of value added agriculture in Uzbekistan. The main agricultural exports are cotton (raw and yarn), fruits, vegetables, leather, wool and fur. There is an opportunity to acquire more social and economic advantages by exporting finished goods, which are made out of primary agricultural commodities. Adding value to agricultural products lead to increasing the share of finished goods in export, supplying import-substituting products, improving infrastructure in rural areas, providing new jobs and growing people’s income. The paper presents the analyse of the agriculture sector in GDP and the production dynamics of the primary agricultural commodities during 2005-2014, as well as comparison the share of cotton, fruits, vegetables and leather in export in 2005 and 2014. Based on the analyses it is recommended to widely use value added agriculture in order to support people, who are living in rural areas in Uzbekistan.
2
Abolina, Inese, i Andzela Veselova. "Remote work : the necessity of today". W New Challenges of Economic and Business Development. University of Latvia, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.22364/ncebd.2021.01.
Streszczenie:
Global pandemic COVID-19 has increased the level of digitalization which allows public and private sector organizations in the world to employ people remotely outside office premises and crossing borders of the world. Remote work is one of the new employment forms caused by the impact of digitalization, which keeps conquering and strengthening the positions on our daily professional lives. It means extended use of different new employment forms, including the digital transition of administration processes and business management, improvement of digital skills and competences, contributing to development of areas of services and products with higher benefit (Breaugh, Farabee, 2012). Research aims to study basic principles and tendencies of remote work organization based on theoretical aspects, draw conclusions and elaborate proposals for improvement of remote work. In order to achieve the goal, the tasks are as follows: 1) provide the explanation of remote work organization; 2) describe secondary data from a conducted survey by Milasi, S., Fernandez – Macias, E., Gonzalez-Vazquez, I. 2020, European Commission; 3) conduct survey about remote work
3
Qiujie, Chen. "INTERACTIONS IN THE DAIRY INDUSTRY BETWEEN CHINA AND RUSSIA: STATUS AND PROSPECTS". W SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF THE RUSSIAN EAST: NEW CHALLENGES AND STRATEGIC GUIDELINES. Khabarovsk: KSUEL Editorial and Publishing Center, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.38161/978-5-7823-0746-2-2021-94-101.
Streszczenie:
The article shows that currently the Sino-Russian interaction in the dairy industry includes four aspects: trade in dairy products, exchange of experience in the dairy industry, investment cooperation and interaction at the state level. I n general, the opportunities and challenges of Sino-Russian cooperation in the dairy industry coexist, China and Russia continue to develop the dairy industry. There is a broad perspective of cooperation to achieve mutual benefits and win-win results.
4
Fazil Hamadi, Fazil. "Economic reform as a tool to diversify the Iraqi economy". W 11th International Conference of Economic and Administrative Reform: Necessities and Challenges. University of Human Development, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21928/icearnc/35.
Streszczenie:
Many countries have followed economic reform policies as a result of the debt problem in 1982. Many countries have shifted from a planned economy towards a free economy by following economic reform programs with the help of the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank. Iraq introduced some aspects of economic reform in the nineties of the last century. But without the intervention of any of the two international institutions, and these reforms were very simple, but the political change in (2003) and the rise in foreign debts on Iraq as a result of wars and economic siege led Iraq to follow economic reform programs with the help of the two international organizations in (2004), now and after ( 18) years to follow these policies, Iraq still did not achieve the desired goals of these reforms, especially with regard to economic diversification, so the study’s goal came to show the reasons that led to the failure of economic reforms to achieve their goals with regard to diversifying the Iraqi economy and what are the measures that must be taken to solve this is the problem. The study assumed that the main reason for not achieving economic diversification is the incorrect application of economic reform policies and the failure to benefit from its returns in improving the structure of the economy. The study used the analytical method by analyzing the data of the oil and non-oil economic sectors and the extent of their contribution to the gross domestic product (GDP), public revenues and exports. The study reached conclusions, the most important of which is that one of the reasons for the lack of economic diversification is the weakness of internal security and the lack of attention to infrastructure, especially in the agricultural sector, which led to high production costs and thus the exit of many producers from the production cycle and their search for government jobs with high returns for them if compared to the returns of their products of high cost. As for the most important proposals, they are concerned with providing internal security in Iraq by providing opportunities for workers in the private sector by encouraging the private sector to produce by creating a spirit of competition between private sector companies by licensing the public sector to carry out privatization processes and leaving the private sector to produce with higher efficiency. These measures are enough to achieve economic diversification and work to reduce prices and improve production technology.
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Fazil Hamadi, Fazil. "Economic reform as a tool to diversify the Iraqi economy". W 11th International Conference of Economic and Administrative Reform: Necessities and Challenges. University of Human Development, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21928/uhdicearnc/35.
Streszczenie:
Many countries have followed economic reform policies as a result of the debt problem in 1982. Many countries have shifted from a planned economy towards a free economy by following economic reform programs with the help of the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank. Iraq introduced some aspects of economic reform in the nineties of the last century. But without the intervention of any of the two international institutions, and these reforms were very simple, but the political change in (2003) and the rise in foreign debts on Iraq as a result of wars and economic siege led Iraq to follow economic reform programs with the help of the two international organizations in (2004), now and after ( 18) years to follow these policies, Iraq still did not achieve the desired goals of these reforms, especially with regard to economic diversification, so the study’s goal came to show the reasons that led to the failure of economic reforms to achieve their goals with regard to diversifying the Iraqi economy and what are the measures that must be taken to solve this is the problem. The study assumed that the main reason for not achieving economic diversification is the incorrect application of economic reform policies and the failure to benefit from its returns in improving the structure of the economy. The study used the analytical method by analyzing the data of the oil and non-oil economic sectors and the extent of their contribution to the gross domestic product (GDP), public revenues and exports. The study reached conclusions, the most important of which is that one of the reasons for the lack of economic diversification is the weakness of internal security and the lack of attention to infrastructure, especially in the agricultural sector, which led to high production costs and thus the exit of many producers from the production cycle and their search for government jobs with high returns for them if compared to the returns of their products of high cost. As for the most important proposals, they are concerned with providing internal security in Iraq by providing opportunities for workers in the private sector by encouraging the private sector to produce by creating a spirit of competition between private sector companies by licensing the public sector to carry out privatization processes and leaving the private sector to produce with higher efficiency. These measures are enough to achieve economic diversification and work to reduce prices and improve production technology.
6
El-Dehaibi, Nasreddine, Ting Liao i Erin F. MacDonald. "Validating Perceived Sustainable Design Features Using a Novel Collage Approach". W ASME 2021 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2021-66708.
Streszczenie:
Abstract Fierce e-commerce competition challenges designers to differentiate their products on platforms such as Amazon. To achieve this differentiation, designers must first understand how customers perceive product features. This paper builds on our previous work where we extracted features perceived as sustainable for French Press coffee carafes using annotations of Amazon reviews and natural language processing (NLP). We identified a gap between customer perceptions of sustainability and engineered sustainability. We now test our findings with a relatively new design method of collage placement and investigate how designers can use perceived features to set their products apart. We created collage activities for participants to evaluate French Press products on the three aspects of sustainability: social, environmental, and economic, and on how much they like the products. During the activity participants placed products along the two axes of the collage, sustainability and likeability, and labeled products with descriptive features that we provided. We found that participants more often selected features perceived as sustainable when placing products higher on the sustainability axis, demonstrating that these features resonated with customers. We also measured a low correlation between the two-axes of the collage activity, indicating that perceived sustainability and likeability can be measured separately. In addition, we found that product perceptions across sustainability aspects may differ between demographics. Based on these results, we confirm that features perceived as sustainable that are extracted from online reviews resonate with customers when thinking of various sustainability aspects and that the collage is an effective tool for assessing sustainability perceptions.
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Pavlopoulou, Yanna, i Evanthia Kostidi. "Legal and Technical Aspects of Responsible and Circular Marine Production". W SNAME 7th International Symposium on Ship Operations, Management and Economics. SNAME, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5957/some-2021-013.
Streszczenie:
The marine supply chain and linear manufacturing model has to become circular, adopting innovative upcycling solutions. Additive Manufacturing (AM) or Three Dimensional (3D) printing decentralized production, is suitable for repairing and remanufacturing industry components. Circular designs and reverse engineering can create a secondary market from reused, refurbished and shared services, materials and products. As users/consumers, shipowners should support new rules that implement the "right to repair", the concept of Extended Producer's Responsibility (EPR) and responsible innovation ethics. The maritime community has to urge manufacturers and makers (repairers) design shared services, with upcycled spares and circular products from secondary raw materials.
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Lonia, B., N. K. Nayar, S. B. Singh i P. L. Bali. "Techno Economic Aspects of Power Generation From Agriwaste in India". W 17th International Conference on Fluidized Bed Combustion. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fbc2003-170.
Streszczenie:
The agricultural operations in India are suffering from a serious problem of shortage of electrical power on one side and economic and effective disposal of agriwaste stuff on the other. India being agriculture based country, 70% of its main income (share in GDP) comes from agriculture sector. Any enhancement of income from this sector is based upon adequate supply of basic inputs in this sector. Regular and adequate power supply is one such input. But, the position of power supply in our country defies both these characteristics. With a major portion of power produced being sent to the industrial and urban consumers, there is a perennial shortage of power in the agriculture sector. Consequently, there is an emergent need to produce more power in order to fulfil the needs of this sector effectively. One way of accomplishing this is setting up captive, preferably rural based, small power generation plants. In these power plants, instead of water-head, diesel oil or coal, we can use agri-residue to produce electricity. One such power plant (1–2 MW capacity) can satisfy the power need of 25 to 40 nearby villages. The agriwaste like rice straw, sugarcane-trash, coir-pith, peanut shells, wheat stalks & straw, cottonseed, stalks and husk, soyabean stalks, maize stalks & cobs, sorghum. Bagasse, wallnut shells, sunflower seeds, shells, hulls and kernels and coconut husk, wastewood and saw dust can be fruitfully utilized in power generation. This stuff is otherwise a waste and liability and consumes a lot of effort on its disposal; in addition to being a fire and health hazard. Agriwaste stuff which at present is available in abundance and prospects of its utilization in producing energy are enormous. This material can be procured at reasonably low rates from the farmers who will thus be benefited economically, apart from being relieved of the responsibility of its disposal. Agri-residue has traditionally been a major source of heat energy in rural areas in India. It is a valuable fuel even in the sub-urban areas. Inspite of rapid increase in the supply of, access lo and use of fossil fuels, agri-residue is likely to continue to play an important role, in the foreseeable future. Therefore, developing and promoting techno-economically-viable technologies to utilize agri-residue efficiently should be a persuit of high priority. Though there is no authentic data available with regard to the exact quantity of agricultural and agro-industrial residues, its rough estimate has been put at about 350 mt per annum. It is also estimated that the total cattle refuse generated is nearly 250 mt per year. Further, nearly 20% of the total land is under forest cover, which produces approximately 50 mt of fuel wood and with associated forest waste of about 5 mt.(1). Taking into account the utilization of even a portion (say 30%) of this agri-residue & agro-industrial waste as well as energy plantation on one million hectare (mha) of wastelands for power generation through bioenergy technologies, a potential of some 18000 MW of power has been estimated. From the foregoing, it is clear that there is an enormous untapped potential for energy generation from agri-residue. What is required is an immediate and urgent intensification of dedicated efforts in this field, with a view to bringing down the unit energy cost and improving efficiency and reliability of agri-waste production, conversion and utilisation, leading to subsequent saving of fossil fuels for other pressing applications. The new initiatives in national energy policy are most urgently needed to accelerate the social and economic development of the rural areas. It demands a substantial increase in production and consumption of energy for productive purposes. Such initiatives are vital for promoting the goals of sustainability. cleaner production and reduction of long-term risks of environmental pollution and consequent adverse climatic changes in future. A much needed significant social, economic and industrial development has yet to take place in large parts of rural India; be it North, West, East or South. It can be well appreciated that a conscious management of agri-residue, which is otherwise a serious liability of the farmer, through its economic conversion into electric power can offer a reasonably viable solution to our developmental needs. This vision will have to be converted into a reality within a decade or so through dedicated and planned R&D work in this area. There is a shimmering promise that the whole process of harvesting, collection, transport and economic processing and utilisation of agri-waste can be made technically and economically more viable in future. Thus, the foregoing paras amply highlight the value of agri-residue as a prospective source of electric power, particularly for supplementing the main grid during the lean supply periods or peak load hours and also for serving the remote areas in the form of stand-alone units giving a boost to decentralised power supply. This approach and option seems to be positive in view of its potential contribution to our economic and social development. No doubt, this initiative needs to be backed and perused rigorously for removing regional imbalances as well as strengthening National economy. This paper reviews the current situation with regards to generation of agriwaste and its prospects of economic conversion into electrical power, technologies presently available for this purpose, and the problems faced in such efforts. It emphasizes the need for an integrated approach to devise ways and means for generating electrical power from agriwaste; keeping in mind the requirements of cleaner production and environmental protection so that the initiative leads to a total solution.
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Prabaharan, Muni. "Application of CAD/CAE, Reverse Engineering and Rapid Prototyping in New Product Development Industry". W ASME 2013 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2013-63266.
Streszczenie:
This paper is written based on some industrial practices. It presents some aspects about rapid prototyping which stays at the base of manufacturing design using CAD/CAE programs and its integration in industrial field. A big economical advantage is that products made by rapid prototyping express a low risk failure and the manufacturing process takes less time and lower costs than the conventional techniques. A new product design was produced by rapid prototyping techniques starting from a broken one. First, the mechanical characteristics of broken product were investigated by Finite Element Analysis (FEA). It provides a way of simulating the product design under working condition and an opportunity to understand failure modes. Therefore, problems in tooling would be minimized. After FEA simulation, a new material was chosen in order to increase the mechanical characteristics. The new product material improves all the mechanical characteristics. At the end of this paper, the case study is presented. Before that, new framework is proposed.
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Štefanek, Štefan. "REGULATORY SANDBOXES AND EXPERIMENTATION CLAUSES: AN ATTEMPT TO MAKE THE (CROATIAN) LEGAL SYSTEM MORE ENTREPRENEURIAL". W The recovery of the EU and strengthening the ability to respond to new challenges – legal and economic aspects. Faculty of Law, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.25234/eclic/22416.
Streszczenie:
There is a growing need to develop a suitable regulatory framework for innovative business models. Entrepreneurs who seek to explore new opportunities, test out new technologies and offer new services or products are constrained by the existing legal framework, which in most cases does not allow any experimentation and requires the implementation of strict rules. The EU Council Conclusions 13026/20 of 16 November 2020 on Regulatory Sandboxes and Experimentation Clauses highlight that better regulation is one of the key drivers of sustainable, inclusive growth, fosters innovation, digitalisation, and job creation, increases transparency and ensures public support for EU legislation. This paper explores the design of regulatory sandboxes and the distinctions of experimentation clauses. The starting hypothesis is that innovative business is often unrecognised by the legal system. The second hypothesis is that legal requirements and public interest in diligent entrepreneurial behaviour and customer protection should not be compromised. The research and analysis have reinforced and proved that both hypotheses are reasonable. The findings impact on the raising of the regulators’, entrepreneurs’, customers’ and any other stakeholders’ awareness of the need for proper application and creation of the law in accordance with current social needs, while preserving the fundamental social values achieved.
Raporty organizacyjne na temat "New products Economic aspects":
1
Barrientos González, Cristian. Impacto de la Ley 20.780 impositiva de la reforma tributaria, implementada en Chile en 20214. Universidad Autónoma de Chile, listopad 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.32457/12728/988820217.
Streszczenie:
In the company that is just beginning its operations, the tax regime is one of the determining economic aspects when starting a project, it determines the conditions of each industry and the economy of each country. In Chile, Tax modifications are not common, they represent important milestones that mark a before and after in the country's economic development, either by the way it affects each institution, or by how the Chilean economic market is perceived and by Foreign investment. The main objective of this study is to measure the quantitative and qualitative impact of the new tax law of the Tax Reform Law 20,780, implemented in Chile in 2014. Affecting the growth of the Gross Domestic Product of Chile and the yields in the index of Selective prices of the Shares, as well as affecting some sectors of the industry and consequently generating a lower tax collection during the implementation of the aforementioned reform, being useful and important information to consider in the development and implementation of future projects related to the issue of tax policies in the country. Despite the above, the tax discussion is going to be an issue that will be discussed again, considering the effects of the pandemic by covid-19 that has affected the whole world and especially Chile, with the tax issue being a foundation pillar at the time of economic recovery in our country.
2
Bjornstad, D. J. Economic Incentives in the Purchase and Use of Energy-Using Products: Past Practices and New Developments. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), marzec 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/814630.
3
Rojas, Thomas D. National forest economic clusters: a new model for assessing national-forest-based natural resources products and services. Portland, OR: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/pnw-gtr-703.
4
Avis, William. Technical Aspects of e-Waste Management. Institute of Development Studies, marzec 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2022.051.
Streszczenie:
Population growth, increasing prosperity and changing consumer habits globally are increasing demand for consumer electronics. Further to this, rapid changes in technology, falling prices, increased affordability and consumer appetite for new products have exacerbated e-waste management challenges and seen millions of tons of electronic devices become obsolete. This rapid literature review collates evidence from academic, policy focussed and grey literature on the technical aspects e-waste value chains. The report should be read in conjunction with two earlier reports on e-waste management1. E-waste is any electrical or electronic equipment, including all components, subassemblies and consumables, which are part of the equipment at the time the equipment becomes waste. The exact treatment of Waste from Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE) can vary enormously according to the category of WEEE and technology that is used. Electrical and electronic items contain a wide variety of materials. As a result of this complex mix of product types and materials, some of which are hazardous (including arsenic, cadmium, lead and mercury and certain flame retardants) multiple approaches to WEEE are required, each with specific technical guidelines. This report is structured as follows: Section two provides an introduction to the technical aspects of e-waste management, including a reflection on the challenges and complexities of managing a range of product types involving a range of components and pollutants. Section three provides an annotated bibliography of key readings that discuss elements of the technical aspects of managing e-waste. This bibliography includes readings on national guidelines, training manuals and technical notes produced by the Basel convention and courses. WEEE recycling can be a complex and multifaced process. In order to manage e-waste effectively, the following must be in place Legislative and regulatory frameworks Waste Prevention and minimisation guidelines Identification of waste mechanisms Sampling, analysis and monitoring expertise Handling, collection, packaging, labelling, transportation and storage guidelines Environmentally sound disposal guidelines Management is further complicated by the speed of technological advance with technologies becoming redundant much sooner than initially planned. Case studies show that the average actual lifetimes of certain electronic products are at least 2.3 years shorter than either their designed or desired lifetimes.
5
Saptsin, V., Володимир Миколайович Соловйов i I. Stratychuk. Quantum econophysics – problems and new conceptions. КНУТД, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.31812/0564/1185.
Streszczenie:
This article is dedicated to the econophysical analysis of conceptual fundamentals and mathematical apparatus of classical physics, relativity theory, non-relativistic and relativistic quantum mechanics. The historical and methodological aspects as well as the modern state of the problem of the socio-economic modeling are considered.
6
Campbell, Bryan, i Michel Magnan. Towards the new bioeconomy: Bio-manufacturing as a strategic economic development initiative for Quebec. CIRANO, wrzesień 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54932/aktj9050.
Streszczenie:
Globally, the bioeconomy can be defined as the domain of the economy based on products, services and processes derived from biological resources. In this regard, synthetic biology refers to the characteristics of a field derived from biology that has developed over the past thirty years thanks to advances in applied genetics and bioengineering. Some predict that the future economy will primarily be a bioeconomy based on these emerging techniques, which are consistent with the decarbonization of our economy. We first describe the international reality of the "Bio Revolution" and then aim to assess Quebec's position. Next, we present some government policies following a top-down approach from different jurisdictions. A case study of a Montreal-based company allows us to highlight the problems it faced in attracting the financial capital needed for its growth. Another critical issue in the field is the scalability of production processes. We explore this issue further in agritech, a high potential sector but whose realization faces several socio-economic challenges. This analysis serves as a backdrop to our recommendations to develop a roadmap for government support for synthetic biology.
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Shpigel, Nahum, Raul Barletta, Ilan Rosenshine i Marcelo Chaffer. Identification and characterization of Mycobacterium paratuberculosis virulence genes expressed in vivo by negative selection. United States Department of Agriculture, styczeń 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2004.7696510.bard.
Streszczenie:
Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) is the etiological agent of a severe inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in ruminants, known as Johne’s disease or paratuberculosis. Johne’s disease is considered to be one of the most serious diseases affecting dairy cattle both in Israel and worldwide. Heavy economic losses are incurred by dairy farmers due to the severe effect of subclinical infection on milk production, fertility, lower disease resistance and early culling. Its influence in the United States alone is staggering, causing an estimated loss of $1.5 billion to the agriculture industry every year. Isolation of MAP from intestinal tissue and blood of Crohn's patients has lead to concern that it plays a potential pathogenic role in promoting human IDB including Crohn’s disease. There is great concern following the identification of the organism in animal products and shedding of the organism to the environment by subclinically infected animals. Little is known about the molecular basis for MAP virulence. The goal of the original proposed research was to identify MAP genes that are required for the critical stage of initial infection and colonization of ruminants’ intestine by MAP. We proposed to develop and use signature tag mutagenesis (STM) screen to find MAP genes that are specifically required for survival in ruminants upon experimental infection. This research projected was approved as one-year feasibility study to prove the ability of the research team to establish the animal model for mutant screening and alternative in-vitro cell systems. In Israel, neonatal goat kids were repeatedly inoculated with either one of the following organisms; MAP K-10 strain and three transposon mutants of K-10 which were produced and screened by the US PI. Six months after the commencement of inoculation we have necropsied the goats and taken multiple tissue samples from the jejunum, ileum and mesenteric lymph nodes. Both PCR and histopathology analysis indicated on efficient MAP colonization of all the inoculated animals. We have established several systems in the Israeli PI’s laboratory; these include using IS900 PCR for the identification of MAP and using HSP65-based PCR for the differentiation between MAV and MAP. We used Southern blot analysis for the differentiation among transposon mutants of K-10. In addition the Israeli PI has set up a panel of in-vitro screening systems for MAP mutants. These include assays to test adhesion, phagocytosis and survival of MAP to/within macrophages, assays that determine the rate of MAPinduced apoptosis of macrophages and MAP-induced NO production by macrophages, and assays testing the interference with T cell ã Interferon production and T cell proliferation by MAP infected macrophages (macrophage studies were done in BoMac and RAW cell lines, mouse peritoneal macrophages and bovine peripheral blood monocytes derived macrophages, respectively). All partners involved in this project feel that we are currently on track with this novel, highly challenging and ambitious research project. We have managed to establish the above described research systems that will clearly enable us to achieve the original proposed scientific objectives. We have proven ourselves as excellent collaborative groups with very high levels of complementary expertise. The Israeli groups were very fortunate to work with the US group and in a very short time period to master numerous techniques in the field of Mycobacterium research. The Israeli group has proven its ability to run this complicated animal model. This research, if continued, may elucidate new and basic aspects related to the pathogenesis MAP. In addition the work may identify new targets for vaccine and drug development. Considering the possibility that MAP might be a cause of human Crohn’s disease, better understanding of virulence mechanisms of this organism might also be of public health interest as well.
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Davis, Ryan, Matthew Wiatrowski, Christopher Kinchin i David Humbird. Conceptual Basis and Techno-Economic Modeling for Integrated Algal Biorefinery Conversion of Microalgae to Fuels and Products. 2019 NREL TEA Update: Highlighting Paths to Future Cost Goals via a New Pathway for Combined Algal Processing. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), wrzesień 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1665822.
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Saptsin, Vladimir, i Володимир Миколайович Соловйов. Relativistic quantum econophysics – new paradigms in complex systems modelling. [б.в.], lipiec 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.31812/0564/1134.
Streszczenie:
This work deals with the new, relativistic direction in quantum econophysics, within the bounds of which a change of the classical paradigms in mathematical modelling of socio-economic system is offered. Classical physics proceeds from the hypothesis that immediate values of all the physical quantities, characterizing system’s state, exist and can be accurately measured in principle. Non-relativistic quantum mechanics does not reject the existence of the immediate values of the classical physical quantities, nevertheless not each of them can be simultaneously measured (the uncertainty principle). Relativistic quantum mechanics rejects the existence of the immediate values of any physical quantity in principle, and consequently the notion of the system state, including the notion of the wave function, which becomes rigorously nondefinable. The task of this work consists in econophysical analysis of the conceptual fundamentals and mathematical apparatus of the classical physics, relativity theory, non-relativistic and relativistic quantum mechanics, subject to the historical, psychological and philosophical aspects and modern state of the socio-economic modeling problem. We have shown that actually and, virtually, a long time ago, new paradigms of modeling were accepted in the quantum theory, within the bounds of which the notion of the physical quantity operator becomes the primary fundamental conception(operator is a mathematical image of the procedure, the action), description of the system dynamics becomes discrete and approximate in its essence, prediction of the future, even in the rough, is actually impossible when setting aside the aftereffect i.e. the memory. In consideration of the analysis conducted in the work we suggest new paradigms of the economical-mathematical modeling.
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Granada, Isabel, Pier Saraceno i Anna Camilo. The Importance of Financial Information in the Transport Sector: an Encouragement to New Outlooks and Perspectives in Light of the IDB's Vision 2025. Inter-American Development Bank, kwiecień 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0004152.
Streszczenie:
Services in the transport sector in Latin America & the Caribbean are provided mainly by private enterprises of different sizes. However, as technical transport specialists, our knowledge and understanding of their management strategies and financial objectives remains limited. Most of the sectorial attention is rightly dedicated to the analysis of the effectiveness and efficiency of the products/services provided by companies, leaving out of the picture the focus on the “business” side of their structures and operations. Such lack of awareness can be linked to several reasons. But one of the motives that mostly hinder transport practitioners from further analyzing these aspects is the ability to speak the private companies “financial language”. Engineers, planners, and even economists are not always familiar with the instruments of financial analysis, management accounting or corporate finance; concepts that are at the core of this language. When it comes to financial analysis, sectors practitioners are mainly biased in thinking about PPPs issues and project finance. This is certainly not a fault per se! However, such a narrow focus can unquestionably represent an obstacle to the full comprehension of the phenomena and rationales that impact the sectors functioning