Artykuły w czasopismach: „Neurological Disorder”

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Popkirov, Stoyan, Jon Stone i Alastair M. Buchan. "Functional Neurological Disorder". Stroke 51, nr 5 (maj 2020): 1629–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/strokeaha.120.029076.

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Pimentel Filho, Lucio Huebra, i Eduardo Genaro Mutarelli. "Diagnostic pitfalls in functional neurological disorders". Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria 80, nr 5 suppl 1 (maj 2022): 324–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0004-282x-anp-2022-s120.

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ABSTRACT The diagnosis of functional neurological disorders is a major challenge in neurologist practice. Some clinical strategies can facilitate the recognition of functional disorders, but several pitfalls make their diagnosis difficult. Here we highlight the following points of attention during evaluation of patients with functional disorder: not all bizarre behavior is functional; not every event triggered by an emotional factor is a functional disorder; not every topographic incongruity is a functional disorder; patients may present functional and organic symptoms at the same time; psychiatric comorbid condition is not always evident in the history of a functional disorder; problematic communication at the time of diagnosis can compromise treatment and prognosis. In conclusion, we emphasize that special attention to these possible pitfalls facilitate the correct diagnosis and management of functional neurological disorders.

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Poalelungi, Alina, i Bogdan O. Popescu. "Alzheimer's disease - neurological or psychiatric disorder?" Romanian Journal of Neurology 12, nr 1 (31.03.2013): 5–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.37897/rjn.2013.1.1.

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Alzheimer’s disease (AD), a progressive neurodegenerative disorder, is the most common form of dementia in the elderly. The clinical manifestations of Alzheimer’s disease evolve from an initial discrete impairment of recent memory to severe cognitive loss, in time behavioural and psychiatric symptoms becoming obvious and disturbing. The cause of this complex clinical picture is the gradual functional deterioration and eventually loss of all brain cell types, with severe alteration of neuronal networks supporting cognitive processes. The aim of this paper is to examine different features of AD and to formally establish whether it belongs to the neurological or psychiatric group of disorders. A review of key literature in the field was performed for main attributes of AD neuropathology and pathophysiology. In this respect, we have compared AD with classical psychiatric disorders (schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, obsessive compulsive disorder) and with neurological degenerative disorders (AD, Parkinson’s disease, epilepsy, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Huntington’s disease). In brief, AD pathogenic mechanisms involve protein aggregation, synapse alteration, oxidative stress, neurotransmitter deficit, intracellular calcium dyshomeostasis and mitochondrial dysfunction, all together finally leading to cell death and brain atrophy. To some extent, some of these features are common for both psychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders. However, from the cellular and molecular pathology perspective, AD seems to be closer to other neurological conditions than to classical psychiatric diseases.

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Das, Priscilla, Nyi Nyi Naing, Nadiah Wan-Arfah, KON Noorjan, Yee Cheng Kueh i Kantha Rasalingam. "ASSESSMENT OF DEPRESSION AND ANXIETY IN NEUROLOGICAL DISORDER PATIENTS AND THEIR RELATIONSHIP WITH QUALITY OF LIFE". Malaysian Journal of Public Health Medicine 21, nr 2 (28.08.2021): 112–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.37268/mjphm/vol.21/no.2/art.804.

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Objectives: To assess the association between major depressive disorder, anxiety disorders and the quality of life of neurological disorder (brain tumour/brain disorder) patients. Methods: This study was conducted at Kuala Lumpur Hospital, Malaysia, a tertiary referral centre hospital for neurological disorder patients. The cross-sectional study design was applied. The Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview and European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire were used in the study. Results: A total of 100 neurological disorder patients were included in the study. The study found that the Major depressive disorder correlated with almost all domains of the quality of life, except the nausea and vomiting scores. Logistic regression showed that emotional functioning and pain were related to major depressive disorder. Different anxiety disorders also correlated with quality of life in specific domains. The leading anxiety disorders that associated mostly with quality of life scales were post traumatic stress disorder, panic disorder lifetime and current, panic disorder with agoraphobia, obsessive compulsive disorder, anxiety disorder and with agoraphobia current and social phobia current (p < 0.05). Conclusions: There is a significant relationship between psychiatric disorders and quality of life neurological disorder patients. Therefore treatment along with psychiatric intervention should be implemented to improve the overall curability of the neurological disorder patients.

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Amanat, Man, Mona Salehi i Nima Rezaei. "Neurological and psychiatric disorders in psoriasis". Reviews in the Neurosciences 29, nr 7 (25.09.2018): 805–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/revneuro-2017-0108.

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Abstract Psoriasis used to be known as a skin disorder; however, it can now be considered as a systemic disease with the involvement of multiple organs. Neurological and psychiatric disorders are some of the associated problems that can be observed in patients with psoriasis. Stroke, multiple sclerosis, seizure, migraine, restless leg syndrome, Parkinson’s disease, Guillain-Barré syndrome, and myasthenia gravis are the reported neurological diseases, while depression, bipolar mood disorder, anxiety, psychosis, cognitive impairment, personality disorders, sexual disorders, sleep disturbance, and eating disorders are the recognized psychiatric presentations in patients with psoriasis. Herein, the neurological and psychiatric disorders of psoriasis are described.

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Eratne, Dhamidhu, Samantha M. Loi, Nirbaanjot Walia, Sarah Farrand, Qiao-Xin Li, Shiji Varghese, Mark Walterfang i in. "A pilot study of the utility of cerebrospinal fluid neurofilament light chain in differentiating neurodegenerative from psychiatric disorders: A ‘C-reactive protein’ for psychiatrists and neurologists?" Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 54, nr 1 (21.06.2019): 57–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0004867419857811.

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Objective: Neurofilament light has shown promise as a biomarker for diagnosis, staging and prognosis in a wide range of neurological and neurodegenerative disorders. This study explored the utility of cerebrospinal fluid neurofilament light in distinguishing primary psychiatric disorders from neurodegenerative and neurological disorders, a common diagnostic dilemma for psychiatrists and neurologists. Methods: This cross-sectional retrospective pilot study assessed cerebrospinal fluid neurofilament light on patients referred to a tertiary neuropsychiatry service from 2009 to 2017 for diagnostic assessment of neuropsychiatric and neurocognitive symptoms, where a neurodegenerative disorder was a differential diagnosis, who received lumbar punctures as part of a comprehensive workup. The most recent gold-standard clinical consensus diagnosis was categorised into psychiatric disorder or neurodegenerative or neurological disorder. Data from healthy controls were available for comparison. Data extraction and diagnostic categorisation was blinded to neurofilament light results. Results: A total of 129 participants were included: 77 neurodegenerative or neurological disorder (mean age 57 years, including Alzheimer’s dementia, frontotemporal dementia), 31 psychiatric disorder (mean age 51 years, including schizophrenia, major depressive disorder) and 21 healthy controls (mean age 66 years). Neurofilament light was significantly higher in neurodegenerative or neurological disorder (M = 3560 pg/mL, 95% confidence intervals = [2918, 4601]) compared to psychiatric disorder (M = 949 pg/mL, 95% confidence intervals = [830, 1108]) and controls (M = 1036 pg/mL, 95% confidence intervals = [908, 1165]). Neurofilament light distinguished neurodegenerative or neurological disorder from psychiatric disorder with an area under the curve of 0.94 (95% confidence intervals = [0.89, 0.98]); a cut-off of 1332 pg/mL was associated with 87% sensitivity and 90% specificity. Conclusion: Cerebrospinal fluid neurofilament light shows promise as a diagnostic test to assist with the often challenging diagnostic dilemma of distinguishing psychiatric disorders from neurodegenerative and neurological disorders. Further studies are warranted to replicate and expand on these findings, including on plasma neurofilament light.

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Mihai Zamfir, Emilia, Anca Daniela Braila, Mihai Braila, Radu Nicolae Mateescu i Antoine Edu. "Neurological disorder in pregnancy". Romanian Journal of Medical Practice 13, nr 3 (30.09.2018): 206–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.37897/rjmp.2018.3.6.

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Saini, Arushi Gahlot, Naveen Sankhyan i Sameer Vyas. "PLEKHG2-associated neurological disorder". BMJ Case Reports 14, nr 7 (lipiec 2021): e244206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bcr-2021-244206.

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Brang, David, Paul D. McGeoch i Vilayanur S. Ramachandran. "Apotemnophilia: a neurological disorder". NeuroReport 19, nr 13 (sierpień 2008): 1305–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/wnr.0b013e32830abc4d.

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Charlier, Philippe, Donatella Lippi, Antonio Perciaccante, Otto Appenzeller i Raffaella Bianucci. "Neurological disorder? No, Mannerism". Lancet Neurology 18, nr 2 (luty 2019): 135. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1474-4422(18)30447-2.

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Goldstein, Laura. "Functional Neurological Disorder Society". Neuropsychologist 1, nr 10 (październik 2020): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.53841/bpsneur.2020.1.10.9.

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Lerner, David P., Starane A. Shepherd i Ayush Batra. "Hyponatremia in the Neurologically Ill Patient: A Review". Neurohospitalist 10, nr 3 (10.01.2020): 208–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1941874419895124.

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Hyponatremia is a well-known disorder commonly faced by clinicians managing neurologically ill patients. Neurological disorders are often associated with hyponatremia during their acute presentation and can be associated with specific neurologic etiologies and symptoms. Patients may present with hyponatremia with traumatic brain injury, develop hyponatremia subacutely following aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage, or may manifest with seizures due to hyponatremia itself. Clinicians caring for the neurologically ill patient should be well versed in identifying these early signs, symptoms, and etiologies of hyponatremia. Early diagnosis and treatment can potentially avoid neurologic and systemic complications in these patients and improve outcomes. This review focuses on the causes and findings of hyponatremia in the neurologically ill patient and discusses the pathophysiology, diagnoses, and treatment strategies for commonly encountered etiologies.

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Ayano, Getinet, Sileshi Demelash, Zegeye Yohannes, Kibrom Haile, Light Tsegay, Abel Tesfaye, Kelemua Haile i in. "Prevalence and correlates of diagnosed and undiagnosed epilepsy and migraine headache among people with severe psychiatric disorders in Ethiopia". PLOS ONE 15, nr 11 (20.11.2020): e0241581. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0241581.

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Background There is a paucity of research on the prevalence of diagnosed as well as undiagnosed neurological disorders with episodic manifestations such as epilepsy and migraine headaches in people with severe psychiatric disorders (SPD). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study analyzing and comparing the prevalence of diagnosed and undiagnosed chronic neurological disorders with episodic manifestations including epilepsy and migraine headache in people with SPD. Method This quantitative cross-sectional survey was undertaken among 309 patients with SPD selected by a systematic random sampling technique. The Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis I Disorders (SCID) was used to confirm SPD among the participants. The International Classification of Headache Disorders (ICHD-3) and International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE) were used to define migraine headache and epilepsy, respectively]. Risk factors for chronic neurologic disorders were explored by using logistic regression models. Result In this study, the prevalence of overall neurological disorders, epilepsy, and migraine headache among people with SPD were found to be 5.2% (95%CI 3.2–8.3), 1.6% (95%CI 0.7–3.9), and 3.9% (95%CI 2.2–6.7), respectively. We found that a considerably higher proportion of people with SPD had undiagnosed overall neurological disorder (87.5%; 14/16), epilepsy (60%; 3/5), as well as migraine headaches (100%; 12/12). On the other hand, in this study, 12.5%, 40%, and 0% of patients with overall neurologic disorder, epilepsy, and migraine headaches respectively were diagnosed by the professionals. Higher disability score (WHODAS score) was associated with increased odds of having neurological disorders compared with the lower WHODAS score [OR = 1.30 (95% CI 1.02–1.66)]. Conclusion Whilst the prevalence estimates of neurological disorders with episodic manifestations including epilepsy and migraine headache was high among people with SPD, the vast majority of them remained undiagnosed. The diagnosis rates of those disorders were significantly low, perhaps surprisingly zero for migraine headache. High WHODAS score was associated with increased odds of having neurological disorders. Routine screening and management of epilepsy and migraine headache are imperative among people with SPD.

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Butt, Ayesha Siddiqa, Sadia Abdul Jabbar, Waleed Akhtar, Amjad Hussaain Balouch, Hateem Bakhsh Sobhi i Hanniyah Abdul Jabbar. "Frequency of Neurological Disorders Misdiagnosed as Conversion Disorder in our Local Population". Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences 16, nr 9 (30.09.2022): 775–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs22169775.

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Aims and Objectives: To determine the frequency of Neurological Disorders, Misdiagnosed as Conversion Disorder in our local population Study Design: Cross sectional study Place and Duration of Study: Study was conducted at Psychiatry Department, Akhtar Saeed Medical College & Hospital, Lahore Pakistan, from June, 2021 to December, 2021. Data Collection: After meeting the inclusion criteria 115 patients were enrolled. CT brain, MRI brain and EEG were carried out to assess neurological symptoms in patients admitted with a diagnosis of conversion disorder. Misdiagnosis was labeled as per operational definition. All the data analyzed on SPSS version 23. Results: In this study the mean age was (27.03±11.95) years, male to female ratio was 0.36:1. The CT and MRI diagnosed abnormal finding in 7(6.1%) patients, while EEG was abnormal in 2(1.7%) of these 7 patients, resulting in neurological disorders being diagnosed in 7(6.1%) patients. Hence, in this study misdiagnosed cases were 7(6.1%). Conclusion: This study concluded that frequency of Neurological Disorders Misdiagnosed as Conversion Disorder is 6.09% in our local population. Keywords: Conversion Disorder, Neurological disorder, EEG, MRI, CT

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Xu, Jing, Youseff Jakher i Rebecca C. Ahrens-Nicklas. "Brain Branched-Chain Amino Acids in Maple Syrup Urine Disease: Implications for Neurological Disorders". International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, nr 20 (11.10.2020): 7490. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21207490.

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Maple syrup urine disease (MSUD) is an autosomal recessive disorder caused by decreased activity of the branched-chain α-ketoacid dehydrogenase complex (BCKDC), which catalyzes the irreversible catabolism of branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs). Current management of this BCAA dyshomeostasis consists of dietary restriction of BCAAs and liver transplantation, which aims to partially restore functional BCKDC activity in the periphery. These treatments improve the circulating levels of BCAAs and significantly increase survival rates in MSUD patients. However, significant cognitive and psychiatric morbidities remain. Specifically, patients are at a higher lifetime risk for cognitive impairments, mood and anxiety disorders (depression, anxiety, and panic disorder), and attention deficit disorder. Recent literature suggests that the neurological sequelae may be due to the brain-specific roles of BCAAs. This review will focus on the derangements of BCAAs observed in the brain of MSUD patients and will explore the potential mechanisms driving neurologic dysfunction. Finally, we will discuss recent evidence that implicates the relevance of BCAA metabolism in other neurological disorders. An understanding of the role of BCAAs in the central nervous system may facilitate future identification of novel therapeutic approaches in MSUD and a broad range of neurological disorders.

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Malik, Muhammad Khan, Khalil Ahmed, Muhammad Azeem i Nasar Iqbal Ranjha. "Neurological Manifestations of H. Pylori Infection". Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences 16, nr 4 (30.04.2022): 1086–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs221641086.

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Background: Helicobacter pylori are a gram negative bacterium that spreads infection in nearly half of a population. It lives in gastric conditions and causes various gastric disorders. Besides, h.pylori infection affects other organs of the body and causes many disorders including ischemic stroke, Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disorder, migraine headache and multiple sclerosis. Material and Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted on H.pylori patients through convenient sampling. Patients were admitted to hospital with clinical symptoms of disease and with neurological manifestations. Their co morbid factors were also identified along with laboratory investigations Result: Among the 276 hospitalized patients 138 were males and 138 were females with age of 60-80.Seventy-two with diabetes mellitus, 45 had ischemic heart disease, 57 had hypertension. Multiple neurological disorders including Parkinson’s disorder, Alzheimer’s, ischemic stroke, multiple sclerosis, migraine are present in patients of h.pylori infection. Conclusion: H. pylori infection has been associated with the development and progression of neurological conditions, basically by inducing systemic inflammation, molecular belittlement , and interference with the absorption of drugs. Eradication of h.pylori infection lessens the threat of many neurological conditions. Keywords: h.pylori, gastrointestinal disorders, neurological manifestation, Alzheimer’s , Parkinson’s disorder, ischemic stroke, headache, sclerosis

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Jabbar, F., A. Doherty, R. Duffy, M. Aziz, P. Casey, J. Sheehan, T. Lynch i B. D. Kelly. "The role of a neuropsychiatry clinic in a tertiary referral teaching hospital: a 2-year study". Irish Journal of Psychological Medicine 31, nr 4 (30.07.2014): 271–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/ipm.2014.38.

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ObjectivesMental disorder is common among individuals with neurological illness. We aimed to characterise the patient population referred for psychiatry assessment at a tertiary neurology service in terms of neurological and psychiatric diagnoses and interventions provided.MethodsWe studied all individuals referred for psychiatry assessment at a tertiary neurology service over a 2-year period (n= 82).ResultsThe most common neurological diagnoses among those referred were epilepsy (16%), Parkinson’s disease (15%) and multiple sclerosis (8%). The most common reasons for psychiatric assessment were low mood or anxiety (48%) and medically unexplained symptoms or apparent functional or psychogenic disease (21%). The most common diagnoses among those with mental disorder were mood disorders (62%), and neurotic, stress-related and somatoform disorders, including dissociative (conversion) disorders (28%). Psychiatric diagnosis was not related to gender, neurological diagnosis or psychiatric history.ConclusionIndividuals with neurological illness demonstrate significant symptoms of a range of mental disorders. There is a need for further research into the characteristics and distribution of mental disorder in individuals with neurological illness, and for the enhancement of integrated psychiatric and neurological services to address the comorbidities demonstrated in this population.

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Gajurel, BP, P. Parajuli, R. Nepali i KK Oli. "Spectrum of neurological disorders admitted in Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital Maharajgunj". Journal of Institute of Medicine Nepal 34, nr 3 (13.10.2013): 50–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jiom.v34i3.8918.

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Introduction: Neurologic disorders are very common. Data on the type and burden of neurological cases either in the outpatient and inpatient settings in our country are not available. This research has been done to perform a descriptive analysis of the spectrum of neurological cases which were admitted over a period of one fiscal year in Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital (TUTH), Maharajgunj, Kathmandu Methods: This retrospective study included all patients who were admitted with any neurological complaints over a period of one fiscal year (Shrawan 2067 B.S. to Asar 2068 B.S). Results: The total number of patients admitted was 1165. Out of these, 693 cases were due to neurological disorders (59.48%). The most common disorders were stroke, seizure disorder and central nervous system infections. Conclusion: A variety of neurological disorders, from very common to very rare, were admitted. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/joim.v34i3.8918 Journal of Institute of Medicine, December, 2012; 34:50-53

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Anwar, Sara, i David Cawthorpe. "What “big population data” tells us about neurological disorders comorbidity". Journal of Hospital Administration 5, nr 6 (13.10.2016): 75. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/jha.v5n6p75.

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Objective: To use a large population dataset to examine neurological disorder comorbidity. Seventeen main classes of Diagnosed International Classification of Disease (ICD) disorder codes were grouped and compared to ICD-9 Nerurological disorder codes.Methods: Calgary, Alberta, health zone diagnosis, sex and age data from 1994-2009 physician billings (n = 763,449) were grouped and tallied on the basis of the presence or absence of any neurological disorder across the 17 remaining ICD main disorder classes and represented as odds ratios (ORs with 95% confidence intervals).Results: Within the ICD categories the 17 classes were ranked by ORs: Ill-defined conditions (OR 7.42), musculoskeletal and connective tissue system disorders (OR 4.22), and psychiatric disorders (OR 3.81) were the ranked the highest main classes, respectively. Thirteen additonal main classes had ORs greaeter than 2.00.Conclusions: There was a strong relationship between neurological disorders and the ICD main classes. The results of this broad stroke analysis point to the requirement for analysis of the both the temporal relationships (e.g., before vs. after) between neurological disorders and comorbid disorderss as well as more fine-grained description of the specifice intra-class disorders underlying the reported odds ratios.

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Sajatovic, Martha, i Luis Ramirez. "Clozapine Therapy in Patients with Neurologic Illness". International Journal of Psychiatry in Medicine 25, nr 4 (grudzień 1995): 331–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/4ec8-h122-hjal-ydlv.

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Objective: This review will analyze the use of clozapine in patients with neurologic illness. Methods: A review of the literature was performed. Attention is focused particularly on patients with seizure disorder, head injury, mental retardation, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, tardive dyskinesia, and selected other neurological disorders. Results: This review discusses clinical difficulties/issues associated with clozapine therapy in patients with a variety of neurological disorders. Conclusion: Although clozapine therapy should be reserved for those patients who are refractory to conventional psychotropic medications, when used appropriately it may offer a safe and effective way of improving quality of life for patients with behavioral symptoms and neurologic illness.

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Archer, Trevor, i Richard M. Kostrzewa. "Staging Neurological Disorders: Expressions of Cognitive and Motor Disorder". Neurotoxicity Research 18, nr 2 (26.11.2009): 107–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12640-009-9134-x.

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TALAN, JAMIE. "REM Sleep Behavior Disorder Associated with Progressive Neurological Disorders". Neurology Today 9, nr 8 (kwiecień 2009): 24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.nt.0000350666.41650.05.

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Walzl, Dennis, Alan Carson i Jon Stone. "11.48 The misdiagnosis of functional disorders as neurological disease". Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry 90, nr 12 (14.11.2019): e11.1-e11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jnnp-2019-abn-2.32.

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BackgroundWhen patients with functional neurological disorders are followed up, another neurological disease rarely better explains the initial symptoms in hindsight. No study has examined the reverse, studying patients with various neurological diseases to assess how often a new functional disorder is found which better explains their original symptoms.MethodsWe conducted a prospective multi-centre cohort study of 2637 new neurology outpatient referrals from primary care. Neurologists provided initial diagnoses and a rating of the extent to which their symptoms were explained by an ‘organic’ neurological disease. Patients were followed up 19 months later, via primary care physician questionnaire.ResultsValid responses were obtained for 2378 patients (90% follow up). Ten patients (0.4%) had acquired an unexpected new functional disorder at follow-up which better explained their original symptoms, and 38 patients (1.6%) had acquired an unexpected new ‘organic’ disease.ConclusionPatients diagnosed with neurological disease sometimes have a new functional disorder diagnosis at follow-up which better explains the original symptoms. This occurs at a frequency similar to the misdiagnosis of ‘organic’ neurological disease as functional disorder. Misdiagnosis can harm patients in either direction, which is especially relevant in an era of evidence-based treatment for functional neurological disorders.

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Perez, David L., Selma Aybek, Timothy R. Nicholson, Kasia Kozlowska, David B. Arciniegas i W. Curt LaFrance. "Functional Neurological (Conversion) Disorder: A Core Neuropsychiatric Disorder". Journal of Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences 32, nr 1 (styczeń 2020): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1176/appi.neuropsych.19090204.

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Young, Jamie, Steven Mantopoulos, Megan Blanchard, Hilarie Tardif, Malcolm Hogg, Fary Khan i Mary P. Galea. "Interdisciplinary management for chronic pain in central neurological disorders: a retrospective study". International Journal of Therapy and Rehabilitation 27, nr 1 (2.01.2020): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/ijtr.2018.0110.

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Background/aims Chronic pain in central neurological disorders is common and the current management of chronic pain is through an interdisciplinary approach. The aim of this study was to compare outpatient interdisciplinary-based treatment for chronic pain in patients with central neurological disorders to those without central neurological disorders. Methods This was a retrospective study and pain-related outcome measures were collected from a clinical outcomes registry (electronic Persistent Pain Outcomes Collaboration). This registry contained data on people who attended a pain management service who, for the purpose of this study, were categorised into those with a central neurological disorder and those without a central neurological disorder. The two sample t-test was used to determine the significance of the difference between the groups and statistical significance was defined as P<0.05. Outcome measures compared included the Brief Pain Inventory, Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale 21, Patient Self-efficacy Questionnaire and Patient Catastrophisation Scale. Results There was a total of 1924 participants with a central neurological disorder. The electronic Persistent Pain Outcomes Collaboration registry shows that after engagement with an interdisciplinary pain management service, there was a reduction in pain severity scores, interference, mean depression, anxiety and stress in both groups at end of an episode of care compared to referral. There was a significant difference in mean changes for pain catastrophising between those with a central neurological disorder (−10.3) and those without (−7.8). Conclusions This study shows that people with central neurological disorders can also benefit from interdisciplinary management and have similar results to those without these conditions.

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Anwar, Zubair, Naqsh-e.-Zehra Naqsh-e-Zehra, Jazba Masood, Sajjad Ullah i Jabar Zaman Khan Khattak. "Epilepsy: Neurological Disorder-a Review". Asian Journal of Medical Sciences 6, nr 3 (25.06.2014): 25–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.19026/ajms.6.5352.

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Kukumberg, P. "Neurological considerations about panic disorder". European Journal of Neurology 2, nr 4 (wrzesień 1995): 390–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-1331.1995.tb00146.x.

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Dolgin, Vadim, Rachel Straussberg, Ruijuan Xu, Izolda Mileva, Yuval Yogev, Raed Khoury, Osnat Konen i in. "DEGS1 variant causes neurological disorder". European Journal of Human Genetics 27, nr 11 (11.06.2019): 1668–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41431-019-0444-z.

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Holdcroft, Anita. "Is pain a neurological disorder?" Lancet Neurology 5, nr 2 (luty 2006): 122. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1474-4422(06)70347-7.

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BAUER, MICHAEL, i FRIEDRICH BOEGNER. "Neurological Syndromes in Factitious Disorder". Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease 184, nr 5 (maj 1996): 281–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00005053-199605000-00003.

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Gilmour, Gabriela S., Glenn Nielsen, Tiago Teodoro, Mahinda Yogarajah, Jan Adriaan Coebergh, Michael D. Dilley, Davide Martino i Mark J. Edwards. "Management of functional neurological disorder". Journal of Neurology 267, nr 7 (19.03.2020): 2164–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00415-020-09772-w.

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Hudson, Sarah. "Stroke mimic: functional neurological disorder". British Journal of Neuroscience Nursing 15, nr 3 (2.06.2019): 148–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/bjnn.2019.15.3.148.

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Dusara, Karishma, Steve Davies i Yee Lee. "Functional neurological disorder: a review". British Dental Journal 235, nr 2 (28.07.2023): 112–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41415-023-6054-8.

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Mendelevich, Vladimir D. "Patient with functional disorder between psychiatry and neurology". Neurology Bulletin LIV, nr 1 (11.04.2022): 5–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/nb101756.

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The article analyzes the modern approach to hysteria and dissociative (conversion) disorders. The validity of their inclusion in the psychiatric or neurological section of disease classifications is assessed. Particular attention is paid to the diagnosis of functional neurological disorder, which is included in some classification systems. From the standpoint of scientific validity, the need for a neurological approach to the diagnosis and treatment of dissociative disorders is discussed.

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Tatarinova, Tatiana V., Trina Deiss, Lorri Franckle, Susan Beaven i Jeffrey Davis. "The Impact of MNRI Therapy on the Levels of Neurotransmitters Associated with Inflammatory Processes". International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, nr 4 (18.02.2020): 1358. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21041358.

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The neurotransmitter levels of representatives from five different diagnosis groups were tested before and after participation in the MNRI®—Masgutova Neurosensorimotor Reflex Intervention. The purpose of this study was to ascertain neurological impact on (1) Developmental disorders, (2) Anxiety disorders/OCD (Obsessive Compulsive Disorder), PTSD (Post-Traumatic Stress disorder), (3) Palsy/Seizure disorders, (4) ADD/ADHD (Attention Deficit Disorder/Attention Deficit Disorder Hyperactive Disorder), and (5) ASD (Autism Spectrum Disorder) disorders. Each participant had a form of neurological dysregulation and typical symptoms respective to their diagnosis. These diagnoses have a severe negative impact on the quality of life, immunity, stress coping, cognitive skills, and social assimilation. This study showed a trend towards optimization and normalization of neurological and immunological functioning, thus supporting the claim that the MNRI method is an effective non-pharmacological neuromodulation treatment of neurological disorders. The effects of MNRI on inflammation have not yet been assessed. The resulting post-MNRI changes in participants’ neurotransmitters show significant adjustments in the regulation of the neurotransmitter resulting in being calmer, a decrease of hypervigilance, an increase in stress resilience, behavioral and emotional regulation improvements, a more positive emotional state, and greater control of cognitive processes. In this paper, we demonstrate that the MNRI approach is an intervention that reduces inflammation. It is also likely to reduce oxidative stress and encourage homeostasis of excitatory neurotransmitters. MNRI may facilitate neurodevelopment, build stress resiliency, neuroplasticity, and optimal learning opportunity. There have been no reported side effects of MNRI treatments.

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Mark, Victor W. "Functional neurological disorder: Extending the diagnosis to other disorders, and proposing an alternate disease term—Attentionally-modifiable disorder". NeuroRehabilitation 50, nr 2 (18.03.2022): 179–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/nre-228003.

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BACKGROUND: The term “functional neurological disorder,” or “FND,” applies to disorders whose occurrence of neurological symptoms fluctuate with the patient’s attention to them. However, many other disorders that are not called “FND” nonetheless can also follow this pattern. Consequently, guidelines are unclear for diagnosing “FND.” OBJECTIVE: To review the neurological conditions that follow this pattern, but which have not so far been termed “FND,” to understand their overlap with conditions that have been termed “FND,” and to discuss the rationale for why FND has not been diagnosed for them. METHOD: A systematic review of the PubMed literature registry using the terms “fluctuation,” “inconsistency,” or “attention” did not yield much in the way of these candidate disorders. Consequently, this review instead relied on the author’s personal library of peer-reviewed studies of disorders that have resembled FND but which were not termed this way, due to his longstanding interest in this problem. Consequently, this approach was not systematic and was subjective regarding disease inclusion. RESULTS: This review identified numerous, diverse conditions that generally involve fluctuating neurological symptoms that can vary with the person’s attention to them, but which have not been called “FND.” The literature was unclear for reasons for not referring to “FND” in these instances. CONCLUSION: Most likely because of historical biases, the use of the term “FND” has been unnecessarily restricted. Because at its core FND is an attentionally-influenced disorder that can respond well to behavioral treatments, the field of neurological rehabilitation could benefit by extending the range of conditions that could be considered as “FND” and referred for similar behavioral treatments. Because the term “FND” has been viewed unfavorably by some patients and clinical practitioners and whose treatment is not implied, the alternative term attentionally-modifiable disorder is proposed.

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Brenninkmeijer, Jonna. "Conversion disorder and/or functional neurological disorder: How neurological explanations affect ideas of self, agency, and accountability". History of the Human Sciences 33, nr 5 (26.11.2020): 64–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0952695120963913.

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An estimated 15% of patients seen by neurologists have neurological symptoms, such as paralysis, tremors, dystonia, or seizures, that cannot be medically explained. For a long time, such patients were diagnosed as having conversion disorder (CD) and referred to psychiatrists, but for the last two decades or so, neurologists have started to pay more serious attention to this patient group. Instead of maintaining the commonly used label of conversion disorder – which refers to Freud’s idea that traumatic events can be converted into deviant behaviour – these neurologists use the term functional neurological disorder (FND) and explain that the problems are due to abnormal central nervous system functioning. The situation that some patients with medically unexplained neurological symptoms are diagnosed with CD and treated by psychiatrists while others are diagnosed with FND and stay under the control of neurologists provides a unique case for analysing how neurological and psychological explanations affect subjectivity. In this article, I compare patient reports from English-language websites from the past 15 years to find out how minds, bodies, brains, and selves act and interact in the accounts of both patient groups. I conclude that the change in label from CD to FND has not only influenced ideas of medically unexplained disorders, but also affected ideas of the self and the body; of self-control and accountability.

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Perjoc, Radu-Stefan, Eugenia Roza, Oana Aurelia Vladacenco, Daniel Mihai Teleanu, Roxana Neacsu i Raluca Ioana Teleanu. "Functional Neurological Disorder–Old Problem New Perspective". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 20, nr 2 (8.01.2023): 1099. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20021099.

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Functional neurological disorder (FND) is a common issue in the pediatric population. The concept and our understanding of functional neurological disorders have changed over the past years, and new etiologic models and treatment plans have been explored. Knowledge about FND in the pediatric population, however, is lacking. The aim of this review is to provide an update on pediatric functional neurological disorder. We conducted a literature search of PubMed and SCOPUS databases and reviewed a total of 85 articles to gain insight into the current understanding of FND etiology, diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis in children and adolescents. Functional and high resolution MRI revealed abnormal connectivity and structural changes in patients with functional symptoms. The diagnostic criteria no longer require the presence of a psychological factor and instead focus on a rule-in diagnosis. Treatment of FND includes a clear communication of the diagnosis and the support of a multidisciplinary team. Although FND typically has a poor prognosis, better outcomes appear to have been achieved in children and young adults. We conclude that pediatric functional neurological disorder is a prevalent pathology and that this patient population has additional specific needs compared to the adult population.

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Voon, Valerie, Andrea E. Cavanna, Kerry Coburn, Shirlene Sampson, Alya Reeve i W. Curt LaFrance. "Functional Neuroanatomy and Neurophysiology of Functional Neurological Disorders (Conversion Disorder)". Journal of Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences 28, nr 3 (lipiec 2016): 168–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1176/appi.neuropsych.14090217.

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Freeman, Hugh J. "Neurological Disorders in Adult Celiac Disease". Canadian Journal of Gastroenterology 22, nr 11 (2008): 909–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2008/824631.

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Celiac disease may initially present as a neurological disorder. Alternatively, celiac disease may be complicated by neurological changes. With impaired nutrient absorption, different deficiency syndromes may occur and these may be manifested clinically with neurological changes. However, in patients with deficiency syndromes, extensive involvement of the small intestine with celiac disease is often evident. There are a number of reports of celiac disease associated with neuropathy, ataxia, dementia and seizure disorder. In these reports, there is no clear relationship with nutrient deficiency and a precise mechanism for the neurological changes has not been defined. A small number of patients have been reported to have responded to vitamin E administration, but most do not. In some, gluten antibodies have also been described, especially in those with ataxia, but a consistent response to a gluten-free diet has not been defined. Screening for celiac disease should be considered in patients with unexplained neurological disorders, including ataxia and dementia. Further studies are needed, however, to determine if a gluten-free diet will lead to improvement in the associated neurological disorder.

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Debadatta, Mohapatra, i Ajay K. Mishra. "Meige's Syndrome: Rare Neurological Disorder Presenting as Conversion Disorder". Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine 35, nr 3 (lipiec 2013): 317–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0253-7176.119493.

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Toh, Charmaine, Dorothy Joe, Katia Cikurel, Julia Johnson, Francesco Vergani, Jose-Pedro Lavrador, Ranjeev Bhangoo i in. "Functional neurological disorders in patients with brain tumours". Neuro-Oncology 23, Supplement_4 (1.10.2021): iv12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/neuonc/noab195.026.

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Abstract Aims Signs and symptoms that develop in people with brain tumours are often attributed to their tumour. The prevalence and management of functional neurological symptoms in brain tumour patients have received little attention. This is surprising because functional neurological symptoms complicate management greatly and misdiagnosis can lead to inappropriate treatment and iatrogenic side-effects. Therefore, we investigated the presentation, diagnosis and management of functional neurological disorders (FND) in patients who had a brain or meningeal tumour. Method A retrospective case review was performed from 2017 - 2021 to identify adult brain tumour patients who developed a functional neurological disorder that caused significant disability necessitating expedited investigations. All patients attended a regional neuro-oncology centre. We recorded type of brain tumour and diagnostic investigations. The onset of functional symptoms was divided into three time windows: before tumour diagnosis, after diagnosis and before treatment or after tumour treatment. A neuropsychological review looked for evidence of previous adverse life events. Therapeutic interventions for functional neurological disorder and their outcomes were documented. The case review was combined with a systematic review of the literature to identify the published presentations of functional neurological disorder in the adult brain tumour population. MEDLINE, EMBASE and PsycINFO databases were searched for studies published between January 1980 and February 2021. Results Six patients (5 female, 1 male) were identified from the case review with a median age of 41 (range 29 - 56) years old. Four patients had non-epileptic attack disorder, which was diagnosed with videotelemetry of habitual attacks. One patient had a functional hemiparesis with normal central motor conduction time. One patient had a functional speech disorder with normal EEG. Half of these patients had functional neurological symptoms prior to surgery/oncological treatment. Five patients (83%) were referred for further neuropsychiatric or psychological evaluation. A history of significant psychological trauma prior to the brain tumour diagnosis was elicited in four (66%) patients. Conclusion Patients with either a brain or meningeal tumour may develop functional neurological symptoms. Our findings suggest the possibility that diagnosis of a brain tumour may precipitate a debilitating functional neurological disorder. The neurobiological basis for functional neurological disorders is being actively investigated. There are suggestions in the literature that some brain diseases increase the risk of developing a functional neurological disorder. Further work is needed to determine whether this is true for patients with brain tumours. Increased awareness of functional neurological disorders will improve management. Withdrawal of unnecessary treatment, such as anticonvulsant drugs, reduces the risk of iatrogenic side effects. Initiation of multi-disciplinary care pathways, e.g. physiotherapy, speech and language therapy and psychological treatments, promotes recovery. Collectively, these interventions improve our patients’ quality of life.

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Torelli, Fabrizio, Erica Terragni, Salvatore Blanco, Natale Di Bella, Marco Grasso i Donatella Bonaiuti. "Lower urinary tract symptoms associated with neurological conditions: Observations on a clinical sample of outpatients neurorehabilitation service". Archivio Italiano di Urologia e Andrologia 87, nr 2 (7.07.2015): 154. http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/aiua.2015.2.154.

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Objectives: The overall aims of this study were to investigate the lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) associated with neurological conditions and their prevalence and impact on a clinical sample of outpatients of a neurorehabilitation service. Materials and methods: We reviewed the files of 132 patients treated in our neurorehabilitation service from December 2012 to December 2013. Patients were divided into several subgroups based on the neurological diagnosis: Multiple Sclerosis (MS), other demyelinating diseases, Peripheral Neuropathy, neurovascular disorders (ND), neoplastic disease, traumatic brain injury (TBI), Parkinson and Parkinsonism, spinal cord injuries (SCI). Urinary status was based on medical evaluations of history of LUTS, type, degree, onset and duration of symptoms. We tried to analyze prevalence, kind of disorder, timing of presentation (if before or after the neurological onset) and eventual persistence of urological disorders (in the main group and in all subgroups). Results: At the time of admission to our rehabilitation service, LUTS were observed in 14 out of 132 cases (11%). A high proportion of these outpatients (64.2%) presented bothersome urinary symptoms such as incontinence, frequency and urgency (storage LUTS). The most frequent symptom was urinary urge incontinence (42.8%). This symptom was found to be prevalent in the multiple sclerosis and neurovascular disorders. In 93% the urinary symptoms arose as a result of neurologic conditions and 78.5% did not present a complete recovery of urological symptoms in spite of improved selfreported functional activity limitations. None of these patients performed urological rehabilitation. Conclusions: Neurological disorders are a significant issue in rehabilitation services and it can lead to lower tract dysfunction, which causes LUTS. Storage symptoms are more common, especially urge incontinence. Current literature reports that a further optimization of the rehabilitation potential of neurologically ill patients is possible through an implementation of urological basic measures into the neurological treatment routine.

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Ahmed, Raheel, i Arnold H. Menezes. "Clinical presentation and management of proatlas segmentation defect presenting with palatal myoclonus: case report". Journal of Neurosurgery: Pediatrics 16, nr 3 (wrzesień 2015): 317–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2015.1.peds14671.

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Clinical presentation of craniovertebral junction disorders may range from acute catastrophic neurological deficits to insidious signs and symptoms that may mask the underlying etiology. Prompt recognition and treatment is essential to avert long-term neurological morbidity. Proatlas segmentation disorders are a rare group of developmental disorders involving the craniocervical junction. Abnormal bony segmentation leads to malformed bony structures that can in turn lead to neurological deficits through bony compression of the cervicomedullary junction. This report details a proatlas segmentation defect presenting as palatal myoclonus, a rare movement disorder. The clinical presentation, surgical management, and neuroanatomical basis for the disorder is presented. This report highlights the myriad clinical presentations of craniovertebral disorders and emphasizes a rare but treatable etiology for palatal myoclonus.

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Alvarez Garcia, C., A. Gomez Martín, M. D. C. Molina Liétor, I. Cuevas Iñiguez i A. Sanz Giancola. "Functional Neurological Disorder: a multidisciplinary approach". European Psychiatry 65, S1 (czerwiec 2022): S396. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/j.eurpsy.2022.1002.

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Introduction Functional neurological disorders (FNDs), also known as “conversion disorder”, consist in the appearance of neurological symptoms that do not correspond to any medical condition and produces an impairment in social, occupational and other areas in the patient’s life. This disorder can represent up to 30% of neurologist’s consultation. We introduce the case of a 23-year-old man who attended the emergency services due to fainting and was finally diagnosed with FND. Objectives To summarize the difficulties of making a diagnosis of FND and the importance of a multidisciplinary approach. Methods A narrative review through the presentation of a case. Results The patient presented many absence seizures during his stay in the hospital. These episodes were characterized by non-reactivity, dysarthria, tremors, tachycardia and hyperventilation. The neurological examination and imaging tests didn’t show any pathological findings. During the psychiatric interview he revealed he had lived a severe conflict with his brothers the previous week and he was being excluded within his family. Furthermore he didn’t have any social support besides his mother in the city he was living, leading this situation to an incrementation of anxiety. Due to the absence of any abnormalities in the examination and recent psychological conflict that was affecting him, FND diagnose was made. Conclusions Very frequently the absence of a clear psychological trigger and the presence of neurological alterations can hinder the study of the patient. This makes necessary a multidisciplinary approach and the knowledge of signs that can help to carry out an accurate diagnosis. Disclosure No significant relationships.

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Pollini, Luca, Serena Galosi, Manuela Tolve, Caterina Caputi, Carla Carducci, Antonio Angeloni i Vincenzo Leuzzi. "KCND3-Related Neurological Disorders: From Old to Emerging Clinical Phenotypes". International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, nr 16 (13.08.2020): 5802. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21165802.

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KCND3 encodes the voltage-gated potassium ion channel subfamily D member 3, a six trans-membrane protein (Kv4.3), involved in the transient outward K+ current. KCND3 defect causes both cardiological and neurological syndromes. From a neurological perspective, Kv4.3 defect has been associated to SCA type 19/22, a complex neurological disorder encompassing a wide spectrum of clinical features beside ataxia. To better define the phenotypic spectrum and course of KCND3-related neurological disorder, we review the clinical presentation and evolution in 68 reported cases. We delineated two main clinical phenotypes according to the age of onset. Neurodevelopmental disorder with epilepsy and/or movement disorders with ataxia later in the disease course characterized the early onset forms, while a prominent ataxic syndrome with possible cognitive decline, movement disorders, and peripheral neuropathy were observed in the late onset forms. Furthermore, we described a 37-year-old patient with a de novo KCND3 variant [c.901T>C (p.Ser301Pro)], previously reported in dbSNP as rs79821338, and a clinical phenotype paradigmatic of the early onset forms with neurodevelopmental disorder, epilepsy, parkinsonism-dystonia, and ataxia in adulthood, further expanding the clinical spectrum of this condition.

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Thangaleela, Subramanian, Bhagavathi Sundaram Sivamaruthi, Periyanaina Kesika, Subramanian Mariappan, Subramanian Rashmi, Thiwanya Choeisoongnern, Phakkharawat Sittiprapaporn i Chaiyavat Chaiyasut. "Neurological Insights into Sleep Disorders in Parkinson’s Disease". Brain Sciences 13, nr 8 (14.08.2023): 1202. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci13081202.

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Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a common multidimensional neurological disorder characterized by motor and non-motor features and is more prevalent in the elderly. Sleep disorders and cognitive disturbances are also significant characteristics of PD. Sleep is an important physiological process for normal human cognition and physical functioning. Sleep deprivation negatively impacts human physical, mental, and behavioral functions. Sleep disturbances include problems falling asleep, disturbances occurring during sleep, abnormal movements during sleep, insufficient sleep, and excessive sleep. The most recognizable and known sleep disorders, such as rapid-eye-movement behavior disorder (RBD), insomnia, excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS), restless legs syndrome (RLS), sleep-related breathing disorders (SRBDs), and circadian-rhythm-related sleep–wake disorders (CRSWDs), have been associated with PD. RBD and associated emotional disorders are common non-motor symptoms of PD. In individuals, sleep disorders and cognitive impairment are important prognostic factors for predicting progressing neurodegeneration and developing dementia conditions in PD. Studies have focused on RBD and its associated neurological changes and functional deficits in PD patients. Other risks, such as cognitive decline, anxiety, and depression, are related to RBD. Sleep-disorder diagnosis is challenging, especially in identifying the essential factors that disturb the sleep–wake cycle and the co-existence of other concomitant sleep issues, motor symptoms, and breathing disorders. Focusing on sleep patterns and their disturbances, including genetic and other neurochemical changes, helps us to better understand the central causes of sleep alterations and cognitive functions in PD patients. Relations between α-synuclein aggregation in the brain and gender differences in sleep disorders have been reported. The existing correlation between sleep disorders and levels of α-synuclein in the cerebrospinal fluid indicates the risk of progression of synucleinopathies. Multidirectional approaches are required to correlate sleep disorders and neuropsychiatric symptoms and diagnose sensitive biomarkers for neurodegeneration. The evaluation of sleep pattern disturbances and cognitive impairment may aid in the development of novel and effective treatments for PD.

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Richardson, Matt, Gina Isbister i Brad Nicholson. "A Novel Treatment Protocol (Nocebo Hypothesis Cognitive Behavioural Therapy; NH-CBT) for Functional Neurological Symptom Disorder/Conversion Disorder: A Retrospective Consecutive Case Series". Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy 46, nr 4 (21.02.2018): 497–503. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1352465817000832.

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Background: Theories concerning the aetiology of functional neurological symptom disorder (FNSD; also known as conversion disorder) have historically inferred that psychological factors or dissociative states underlie patients’ symptoms. Current psychological models of functional neurological symptoms suggest that some type of ‘top-down’ representations/beliefs are activated automatically (without conscious awareness), leading to symptoms. It is assumed that these representations or beliefs are similar to the idea ‘I am neurologically damaged’, as in our clinical experience, almost all patients have some reason to doubt the integrity of their neurological system. Aims: It was hypothesized that FNSD arises from a belief of being neurologically damaged (via a mechanism akin to a nocebo response), and an interdisciplinary treatment protocol was developed consistent with this hypothesis, transparently sharing this theory with participants. Method: A retrospective consecutive case series design was utilized, measuring functional independence and symptom remission. Results: Of the 13 episodes of care, 12 resulted in complete or almost complete symptom remission. Length of stay in rehabilitation was also reduced compared with previous treatment attempts. Conclusions: It appears as if the treatment protocol may be very effective, and further controlled study appears warranted.

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Mietchen, J., A. Kessler-Jones i P. Mission. "PGR - 2 Neuropsychology’s Role in Identifying Functional Neurological Disorder". Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology 34, nr 6 (25.07.2019): 828. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/arclin/acz036.02.

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Abstract Objective To outline the usefulness of neuropsychological evaluation in identifying functional neurological disorder. Functional neurological disorder accounts for an estimated 16% of neurology referrals and is a “crisis of neurology” (Edwards & Bhatia, 2012). Adolescents with a history of neurologic compromise, including autoimmune disorders, are at increased risk for comorbid functional neurological disorder (Reuber, Mitchell, Howlett, Crimlisk, & Grünewald, 2005). Method 16-year-old female with a history of Hoshimoto’s encephalopathy referred by her neurologist. Following diagnosis and treatment, she developed a constellation of symptoms, including wide set gait, nystagmus, incontinence, and dystonic episodes. She also reported lapses in memory that lasted a few minutes at a time. During these episodes, she forgot who her mother was and forgot details about her home, which resulted in panic. Results Two neuropsychological evaluations were completed over two years. Psychometric intelligence declined by two standard deviations compared to previous testing one year before. Her performance on memory tasks declined dramatically as well. Despite these declines, there was no decline in activities of daily living. She failed embedded and stand-alone performance validity measures (RDS = 4; TOMM = 29, 30, 28). These findings were described to her neurologist and psychiatrist and we discussed the importance of identifying functional symptoms in the context of her medical history. Conclusions Our evaluation identified significant discrepancies between neuropsychological performance and daily cognitive functioning. The memory lapses she described were inconsistent with any known etiology or illness. Neuropsychological evaluation identified symptoms of a functional nature and assisted in appropriate treatment planning.

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SHIOMI, Taizo. "Risk Management for the Neurological Disorder". Rigakuryoho Kagaku 20, nr 1 (2005): 75–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1589/rika.20.75.

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