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1

Valadas, Vera Mónica Piegas. "Genetic diversity of entomopathogenic nematodes (Nematoda: Steinernematidae and Heterorhabditidae) and the nematode Bursaphelenchus xylophilus (Nematoda: Aphelenchoididae) from continental Portugal". Doctoral thesis, Universidade de Évora, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10174/15718.

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“Diversidade genética dos nemátodes entomopatogénicos (Nematoda: Steinernematidae e Heterorhabditidae) e do nemátode Bursaphelenchus xylophilus (Nematoda: Aphelenchoididade) em Portugal continental” Os nematodes entomopatogénicos são utilizados como agentes de controlo biológico. Para compreender a sua diversidade, foi realizada uma prospecção em Portugal. Cinco espécies, nomeadamente Steinernema feltiae, S. intermedium, S. kraussei, Steinernema sp. e Heterorhabditis bacteriophora foram identificadas. As sequências de ITS, região D2D3 do 28S rRNA, COXI e cytb foram utilizadas para estudar a diversidade genética das duas espécies mais abundantes, S. feltiae and H. bacteriophora, não tendo sido encontradas diferenças significativas entre isolados. O nemátode da madeira do pinheiro, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, provoca doença nos pinheiros tendo sido detectada pela primeira vez na Europa e em Portugal em 1999. Para avaliar a diversidade genética dos isolados Portugueses e identificar o padrão de propagação da doença, foram utilizadas a sequência da região IGS do 5.8S rRNA, e os genes cytb e cellulase, combinados com os padrões ISSR. Os padrões de ISSR mostraram elevada diversidade genética entre os recentes isolados Portugueses, sugerindo a possibilidade de uma nova introdução. As árvores filogenéticas dos genes da celulase e cytb sugeriram uma origem Asiática para os isolados Portugueses; ABSTRACT: Entomopathogenic nematodes are used as biocontrol agents. To understand their diversity, a survey was undertaken in Portugal. Five species, namely Steinernema feltiae, S. intermedium, S. kraussei, Steinernema sp. and Heterorhabditis bacteriophora were identified. The ITS, 28S rRNA D2D3 region, COXI and cytb sequences, used to study the genetic diversity of the two most abundant species, S. feltiae and H. bacteriophora, showed no significant differences among the isolates. Bursaphelenchus xylophilus causes severe disease in pine trees and was detected for the first time in Europe and in Portugal in 1999. To evaluate the genetic diversity of Portuguese isolates and identify disease spread pathways, the sequence of 5.8S rRNA IGS region, cytb and cellulase genes, combined with ISSR fingerprints were used. ISSR fingerprints show a high genetic variability among recent Portuguese isolates, suggesting the possibility of a new introduction. Phylogenetic trees based on cellulase and cytb genes suggests an Asian origin for Portuguese isolates.
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2

Kruitbos, Laura Marina. "Influence of habitat on the behaviour of entomopathogenic nematodes". Thesis, Available from the University of Aberdeen Library and Historic Collections Digital Resources, 2009. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?application=DIGITOOL-3&owner=resourcediscovery&custom_att_2=simple_viewer&pid=25963.

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Zervos, S. "Population regulation of thelastomatid nematodes (Nematoda: Thelastomatidae) of cockroaches". Thesis, University of Canterbury. Zoology, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/4791.

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Populations of thelastomatid nematodes in cockroach hosts were investigated. The population biology, life history, habits. distribution, and gross morphology of cockroaches involved are discussed. New species of thelastomatid nematodes from cockroaches are described and keys to species of Protrellus and Blatticola are given. Evidence for population regulation in six species of thelastomatids in eight species of cockroaches collected from the field is presented. No host contained two adult males, infrapopulations with two juvenile males were very rare, the number of adult females per host was small. and monogamy was common. Juvenile males were rare while juvenile females were relatively common, indicating that, compared to females, males develop and are eliminated rapidly from hosts (leaving one), or that males are less common to start with. Infection prevalence varied markedly between the cockroach species. Reproductive competition due to crowding, and cyclical egg production were found in two species. these phenomena are discussed. Mechanisms which may control The effects of density-independent climatic factors on seasonal variation in incidence and infrapopulation structure of one thelastomatid population were transient. Evidence for population self-regulation in Protrellus dixoni was obtained from laboratory studies. Infrapopulations were regulated by a density-dependent and sex-dependent reduction in infection intensity with infrapopulation age. This reduction was not equal in initial speed or intensity between the sexes (reduction in number of males was faster) and led to infrapopulations with never more than a single adult male. and few adult females. In structure. these laboratory-produced infrapopulations resembled those in field collected hosts. Unmated females produced male progeny only (probably by arrhenotokous parthenogenesis). Female offspring probably result from amphimixis. Possible methods of thelastomatid infrapopulation regulation are discussed. It is concluded that regulation is parasite-mediated and due to chemical interference competition. Regulation benefits the surviving nematodes because per capita fecundity is greater in uncrowded infrapopulations. Self-regulation may be common among thelastomatids and other parasites.
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4

Cho, Hyun-Bae. "Molecular characterization and phylogenetics of entomopathogenic nematodes (nematoda: stienernematidae) from Asia". Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/192304.

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Yu, Hao. "Parasitism of Subterranean Termites (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae: Termitidae) by Entomopathogenic Nematodes (Nematoda: Steinernematidae: Heterorhabditidae)". Diss., The University of Arizona, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/195263.

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The biological control of subterranean termites (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae; Termitidae) using entomopathogenic nematodes (Nematoda: Steinernematidae; Heterorhabditidae) (EPN) was investigated. The desert subterranean termite Heterotermes aureus Snyder was found to be very susceptible to Steinernema riobrave Cabanillas, Poinar and Raulston. In laboratory bioassays S. riobrave (355, TP, 3-8b and 7-12 strains), S. carpocapsae Weiser (Mexican 33 strain), S. feltiae Filipjev (UK76 strain), and Heterorhabditis bacteriophora Poinar (HP88 strain) were all capable of infecting and killing H. aureus, Reticulitermes flavipes Kollar, R. virginicus Banks, Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki and Gnathamitermes perplexus Banks. In sand assays, S. riobrave caused > 90% H. aureus mortality in 3 days and 100% mortality by day 5 at 22 °C. TP strain of S. riobrave caused 75% R. flavipes mortality and 90.91% C. formosanus mortality in 7 days. EPNs utilizing termites as hosts produced smaller sized offspring, with the exception of S. feltiae. Stunted females of S. feltiae were frequently found in termite cadavers, but no progeny. Small IJs of S. carpocapsae, S. riobrave and H. bacteriophora infect, reproduce and form normal size IJs after subsequent infection in Galleria mellonella L. The progeny of small IJs were as effective as the normal size IJs, with regard to subsequent induced mortality, under the conditions tested. In laboratory two-container choice experiments, H. aureus were repelled by EPN treated areas for up to 10 days at 10,000 IJs per device. The repellency threshold was found to vary among nematodes species. We hypothesis that it is the physical movement of the nematodes that repels the termites. Temperature is a key factor affecting nematode pathogenicity. Temperature tolerance of the nematodes varied between species. After a gradual heat adaptation process, S. riobrave and H. bacteriophora caused significantly higher H. aureus mortality at 32 °C compared with original laboratory cultured strains. Further work may result in the contribution of commercially available strains with enhanced heat tolerance. Preliminary field studies confirmed EPN protection of a structure, however, termites began to reinfest 4 weeks after the application. Additional tests are necessary to provide more evidence before we can conclude nematodes as useful in the field.
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6

Ratnasinghe, Gamini. "Biological control of diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera: yponomeutidae) with entomopathogenic nematodes (Nematoda: rhabditida)". Thesis, University of Reading, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.308035.

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LASSERRE, FRANCOISE. "Lutte integree contre heterodera avenae (nematoda) : consequences sur une communaute de nematodes en ecosysteme cerealier". Rennes 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994REN10053.

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L'objet de cette etude etait de proposer un modele de gestion integree des populations de nematodes en agroecosysteme cerealier. Six itineraires de lutte bases sur une rotation de type mais-ble-ble, differant par le degre de couverture chimique par un nematicide et par l'introduction ou non d'une variete resistante en premier ble, ont ete compares selon des criteres economiques et ecologiques. La variete resistante a permis un gain de 10% sur le deuxieme ble; par contre, la protection chimique du mais s'est averee d'efficacite tres dependante des conditions climatiques. Par ailleurs, l'etude a considere les effets a long terme de la culture repetee de l'avoine panema resistante a h. Avenae. La chute subsequente de ce nematode entraine une multiplication des effectifs de pratylenchus neglectus, nematode des lesions necrotiques, a des effectifs nuisibles sur ble d'hiver; elle cause egalement une chute durable de l'inoculum du champignon endoparasite verticillium chlamydosporium dont l'absence favorise les remontees foudroyantes des populations d'h. Avenae des que des cultures hotes succedent a la variete resistante. L'application repetee du meme gene de resistance a egalement selectionne un pathotype virulent sur l'avoine panema. Les structures genetiques de ce dernier (polymorphisme enzymatique) se sont averees significativement differentes de celles de la population d'origine. Il est important de tenir compte de tels risques dans une strategie d'utilisation optimale de la resistance, elle-meme faisant partie d'un programme de gestion integree des populations de nematodes
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Mezzalira, Itamara. "Análise funcional de proteínas efetoras de Meloidogyne incognita com potencial aplicação no controle de fitonematoides". reponame:Repositório Institucional da UnB, 2013. http://repositorio.unb.br/handle/10482/13841.

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Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Departamento de Biologia Celular, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Molecular, 2013.
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Nematoides formadores de galhas (NFG) (Meloidogyne spp.) são endoparasitas biotróficos que possuem uma ampla gama de hospedeiros. O sucesso do parasitismo dos NFG depende da indução e manutenção de sítios de alimentação altamente especializados que são compostos por células gigantes. Os NFG produzem uma série de proteínas nas glândulas secretoras e as injetam, via estilete, nas células da planta hospedeira para manipular o seu metabolismo. Elucidar o papel das proteínas secretadas é essencial para o entendimento das bases moleculares do processo de parasitismo dos nematoides, bem como para o desenvolvimento de novas estratégias para o controle destes parasitas. Este trabalho é o início de uma análise detalhada sobre o papel que três proteínas efetoras de M. incognita, MSP2, MSP7 e MSP18, desempenham na interação com arroz (Oryza sativa). Os genes de parasitismo de M. incognita MSP2, MSP7 e MSP18 codificam para proteínas de 210, 176 e 172 aminoácidos, respectivamente, são expressos nas glândulas secretoras do nematoide e possuem peptídeo sinal de secreção na extremidade N-terminal. A análise de expressão através de qRT-PCR mostrou que estes genes apresentam diferentes padrões de expressão durante interação planta-nematoide, sendo que MSP2 tem seu pico de expressão na fase inicial de estabelecimento do parasitismo, enquanto MSP7 e MSP18 são expressos ao longo de todo o ciclo de parasitismo. Resultados de experimentos de transformação transiente de células da epiderme de cebola, via biobalística, mostraram que o produto da fusão MSP2-EGFP apresentou forte sinal de fluorescência no núcleo, enquanto que os produtos das fusões MSP7-EGFP e MSP18-EGFP mostraram sinal de fluorescência no citoplasma e no núcleo da célula vegetal. Estes resultados mostram que estas proteínas são direcionadas a diferentes compartimentos subcelulares da célula vegetal. Foram obtidas plantas transgênicas de arroz (O. sativa cv. Nipponbare) expressando as proteínas MSP2, MSP7 e MSP18, sem o peptídeo sinal de secreção, e micro-RNAs artificiais (amiRNAs) capazes de silenciar a expressão dos genes corespondentes no nematoide. Para cada gene estudado, dois amiRNAS foram selecionados. Para cada construção uma média de 24 plantas transgênicas foram obtidas. Análises de Southern-blot and qPCR foram realizadas para identificar plantas T0 com apenas uma cópia do transgene e para cada construção foram selecionadas três linhagens T1 para avanço de geração e, posterior, realização de bioensaios. A análise do processo de infecção das plantas transgênicas por M. incognita irá permitir a identificação de genes essenciais para o estabelecimento do parasitismo. Os dados obtidos nestas análises irão ampliar o conhecimento sobre as proteínas efetoras de fitonematoides e trazer novas possibilidades para o desenvolvimento de estratégias de controle de Meloidogyne spp. em arroz e outras culturas de interesse. _______________________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACT
Root-knot nematodes (RKN) (Meloidogyne spp.) are endo-parasites with a wide host range. Effector proteins, produced in the nematode esophageal gland cells and released in the host plant cells through stylet, dramatically modify selected plant cells into giant-cells, which are the permanent food source to the sedentary nematode. Elucidating the role of different nematode effectors is essential to understanding the molecular basis of nematode parasitism as well as to developing new nematode control strategies. This study is the beginning of an extensive analysis to assess the functional role of three M. incognita effector proteins, MSP2, MSP7 and MSP18, during rice-nematode interaction. The coding sequence of MSP2, MSP7 and MSP18 encoded proteins with 210, 176 e 172 amino acids, respectively, including N-terminal signal peptides. These genes are expressed exclusively in the nematode esophageal gland cells. qPCR analysis of transcript accumulation showed that MSP2, MSP7 and MSP18 genes displayed different expression patterns during host infection. MSP2 reaches the maximum expression level in the beginning of parasitism cycle. MSP7 and MSP18 are highly expressed during the whole parasitism cycle. To test the localization of MSP2, MSP7 and MSP18 in plant cells, a protein transient expression assay was performed. The fusion product of MSP2-GFP showed a strong fluorescence signal in plant nuclei, while the fluorescence signal of the MSP7-GFP and MSP18-GFP fusion products were observed in plant cytoplasm and nuclei. Reverse and forward genetic analyses were conducted to assess the role of the candidate proteins in plant-nematode interactions. We used rice (Oryza sativa cv. Nipponbare) to generate transgenic plants expressing MSP2, MSP7 and MSP18 full-length cDNAs or artificial micro-RNAs (amiRNAs) able to silence the cognate genes in the nematode. For each gene studied, two amiRNAs were selected to perfectly match the M. incognita candidate gene but not other nematode or plant sequences. For each construct, an average of 24 plants was recovered. Southern- blots and qPCR analyses identified single-copy gene (or amiRNA) constructs insertion in the genome of the transformed plants (T0 plants). Assessment of nematode growth and development on transgenic plants will allow selecting genes involved in establishing the compatibility with the host plant. Data obtained should significantly widen our knowledge of molecular players contributing to nematode pathogenicity, opening new avenues for Meloidogyne spp. control strategies in rice and other crops of interest which are highly susceptible to M. incognita.
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Estevez, Annette Orene Zager. "The role of the daf-8 gene in Caenorhabditis elegans dauer larva development /". free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 1997. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p9841284.

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Lau, Ching-man Tracy. "Study of specific genes in trichinella spiralis (nematoda) by differential display /". Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1999. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B20979009.

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Neres, Patrícia Fernandes. "Oncholaimoidea (nematoda, enoplida) da Bacia Potiguar – Brasil". reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFPE, 2013. https://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/11967.

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Capes
O presente estudo teve como objetivo identificar espécies das Famílias Oncholaimidae e Enchelidiidae, que juntas formam a Superfamília Oncholaimoidea, descrevendo seus novos táxons e redescrevendo aqueles já conhecidos para a Ciência. Tem, ainda, como finalidade analisar as relações filogenéticas dentro de Enchelidiidae, baseada em caracteres morfológicos. As amostras foram coletadas na Bacia Potiguar, Rio Grande do Norte e Ceará – Brasil, utilizando principalmente o pegador de fundo do tipo Van Veen. O sedimento foi sub-amostrado com um cilindro (área de 78,8 cm2) em três réplicas, representadas por três lançamentos. Os indivíduos foram montados em lâminas permanentes e identificados em espécies e os caracteres dos gêneros/espécies de Enchelidiidae foram avaliados e inseridos em uma matriz de dados para análise filogenética. Considerando todas as campanhas trabalhadas, registrou-se um total de 13421 nematódeos pertencente à macrofauna bentônica. A ordem Enoplida representou cerca de 45,2% do total dos indivíduos e desta, a superfamília Oncholaimoidea correspondeu a 39,2% dos indivíduos. Apesar de Oncholaimidae ser mais abundante que Enchelidiidae, esta última família apresentou um maior número de gêneros (7), enquanto os oncholaimídeos foram representados por 6. Contudo, em termos de espécies, em Oncholaimidae foram identificadas 15 e em Enchelidiidae 11. Das 26 espécies de Oncholaimoidea identificadas, duas delas pertencem a 2 gêneros novos de Enchelidiidae e 13 são espécies novas. Na análise filogenética observou-se a formação de três grupos que tem Thoonchus como grupo irmão. Estes grupos foram identificados como subfamílias, sendo assim sugeridas sinapomorfias para cada um delas, embora não se tenha indicado o caráter sinapomórfico para a família. A importância de estudar compartimentos biológicos ainda desconhecidos, como os nematódeos da macrofauna, com foco na identificação de espécies, revela-se como um ótimo instrumento para aumentar o conhecimento da biodiversidade marinha. Este fato pode ser confirmado neste estudo, com a identificação de 15 novas espécies para a Ciência, considerando apenas 2 das 36 famílias ocorrentes na bacia potiguar.
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Lucero, Valerie Vanessa. "Symbiont Specificity of Steinernema Puntauvense (Nematoda: Steinernematidae)". Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/144561.

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Engelbrecht, Emil Ettiene. "Nematode (Phylum Nematoda) community assemblages : a tool to implement environmentally–sound management strategies for root–knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) in potato–based cropping systems / Emil Ettiene Engelbrecht". Thesis, North-West University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/8095.

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those special or additional educational needs and goals that would enable students to fulfil their future roles in their communities and beyond. It is also argued that the mini–education systems of non–governmental institutions could make a major contribution to solve these problems. In particular, the analysis and discussion of the mini–education system of the Foundation for Cross–Cultural Education, has demonstrated that the mini–education system of a private educational initiative can make a substantial contribution towards the educational upliftment of a community in a particular rural area. The study provides an instrument to plan and facilitate the mini–education systems of private education initiatives working in developing communities to effect the required transformational development. To confer advice to these private educational initiatives in SSA and to address the current global concern regarding the quality of formal education, the study adapted Steyn et al.’s (2002) framework for strategic education system planning. The adapted framework guidelines can be used to increase the efficiency of all the components and elements of the particular mini–education systems functioning in developing communities. The particular strategic framework was also applied to identify and describe the needs and determinants influencing quality education in developing communities in Sub–Saharan Africa in general. It was also found that the specific framework for strategic planning was applicable to position the mini–education system, of a particular education private initiative, in such a way that it can effectively provide in the real education needs of a particular developing community. The framework also provides valuable guidelines to educational investors, as private initiatives, and national governments that wish to integrate their education provisioning in order to improve the quality of formal education provision in SSA.
Thesis (MSc (Environmental Sciences))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2012.
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Kakouli, Thomae. "Biological control of the Black Vine Weevil, Otiorhynchus sulcatus (F.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), with entomopathogenic nematodes (Nematoda: Rhabditida)". Thesis, University of Reading, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.283703.

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Gouge, Dawn Heather. "Biological control of sciarid flies (Diptera: Sciaridae) with entomopathogenic nematodes (Nematoda: Rhabditida), including reference to other diptera". Thesis, University of Reading, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.385057.

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劉靜雯 i Ching-man Tracy Lau. "Study of specific genes in trichinella spiralis (nematoda) by differential display". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1999. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B29866297.

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Winter, Alan D. "Characterisation of nematode prolyl 4-hydroxylase collagen modifying enzymes". Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.252506.

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Ackerman, Claire Jennifer. "Structure and function studies of the filarial nematode excretory-secretory glycoprotein ES-62". Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2002. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/30853/.

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ES-62 is a filarial nematode excretory secretory glycoprotein of mass 57.8 kDa, from the rodent filarial nematode Acanthocheilonema viteae. ES-62 has been shown to possess immunomodulatory capabilities, some of which can be attributed to the phosphorylcholine moieties that are attached to certain of the carbohydrate chains of ES-62. Studies of the effects of ES-62 on B lymphocytes have shown that ES-62 downregulates B lymphocyte activation by selectively targeting protein kinases, such as ErkMAPKinase, downstream of the B cell receptor resulting in immunosuppression of the host immune system. ES-62 has been shown to have a similar effect in T lymphocytes. This thesis describes the search for structural information about ES-62. Three main techniques were employed to characterise the low resolution structure of ES-62; bioinformatics, analytical ultracentrifugation (AUC) and small angle X- ray scattering (SAXS). Bioinformatics techniques identified six proteins homologous to ES-62 on the basis of primary structure and six proteins homologous on the basis of secondary structure. Homology modelling of ES-62 in its entirety was not possible due to a lack of structural information about the six proteins homologous to ES-62 on the basis of amino acid sequence. However, residues 252-343 of ES-62 were modelled due to the homology of this region with residues 74-168 of a leucy1 aminopeptidase from Aeromonas proteolytica for which the structure is known. AUC and SAXS techniques demonstrated that ES-62 exists mainly in a tetrameric state and is slightly elongated in structure. A low resolution structure of ES-62 was also obtained using DAMMIN (Svergun,1999), a computer program which allows the ab initio determination of a three-dimensional structure from the small angle scattering curve of a protein. In addition, this thesis describes the establishment of two recombinant ES-62 expression systems, one of which was unsuccessful due to the aggregation of the expressed protein and the other, while producing rES-62, was contaminated by the presence of a compound absorbing at 260 nm resulting in the rES-62 produced being unsuitable for biochemical or biophysical studies. The search for the receptor through which ES-62 interacts with cells and the fate of ES-62 following this interaction are also discussed. These studies demonstrate that ES-62 binds to specific proteins on the surface of different immune system cells but unfortunately attempts to identify these proteins have not so far yielded a definitive answer. ES-62 has also been shown to locate to both the nucleus and cytoplasm following interaction with cells and appears to be present in different forms in these two locations. This demonstrates that ES-62 is internalised following receptor binding and may induce some of its immunomodulatory effects through interactions with intracellular proteins. Its presence in the nucleus of cells could explain the modulation of transcription factors shown to occur in B lymphocytes following exposure to ES-62.
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Kubo, Roberto Kazuhiro [UNESP]. "Ocorrência de Pratylenchus spp. em cafezais do Estado de São Paulo e efeito de Pratylenchus coffeae no crescimento e fotossíntese de Coffea arabica". Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/105435.

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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
Amostras de solo e raízes foram coletadas em plantações de café no estado de São Paulo, com o objetivo de determinar a importância e a ocorrência dos nematóides das lesões na cultura do café. A espécie de Pratylenchus mais freqüente foi P. brachyurus (solo: 13,2 %; raízes: 18,3 %), mas geralmente em baixas densidades. O nematóide das lesões do café, P. coffeae, ocorreu em 5,1 % das amostras de raízes, mas em altas densidades e causando mais danos do que a primeira espécie. Outra espécie, P. vulnus, foi encontrada somente em uma localidade. Este é o primeiro relato de P. vulnus em café. Outros fitonematóides identificados nas amostras foram: Xiphinema brevicolle, Xiphinema sp., Paratrichodorus minor, Paratrichodorus sp.,...
Soil and root samples were collected from coffee plantations in the state of São Paulo, in order to determine the occurrence and importance of lesion nematodes in coffee culture. The most frequent species of Pratylenchus was P. brachyurus (soil: 13,2 %; roots: 18,3 %), but generally in low densities. The coffee lesion nematode, P. coffeae, occurred in 5,1 % of root samples, but in higher densities and causing more damage than the former species. Other species, P. vulnus, was found in one single locality. This is the first report of P. vulnus on coffee. Other phytonematodes identified in the survey were: Xiphinema brevicolle, Xiphinema sp., Paratrichodorus minor, Paratrichodorus sp., Tylenchorhynchus sp., Helicotylenchus dihystera, H. californicus, H. erythrinae, Helicotylenchus sp., Scutellonema sp., Rotylenchulus reniformis, Meloidogyne exigua, M. incognita, M. coffeicola, Meloidogyne sp, Criconemella onoensis, C. ornata, C. sphaerocephala, Criconemella sp., Hemicriconemoides strictathecatus, and Paratylenchus sp. ...(Complete abstract, click electronic access below)
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20

Medrano, Jennifer Centurion. "Chemotactic Response of Lumbricus terrestris Coelomocytes to Larval and Adult Stages of Rhabditis pellio". Thesis, University of North Texas, 1999. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc5507/.

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Experiments were performed to assess the suitability of Rhabditis pellio, a nematode found in earthworms, as a challenge organism for use in development of a biomarker assay to determine the potential of chemicals to suppress the immunocompetence of the non-specific immune system. To accomplish this goal, information on the life cycle of R. pellio was determined; including effects of incubation time and temperature on growth rates; along with information on the immune response elicited in the earthworm, Lumbricus terrestris. Immune parameters measured were coelomocyte migration toward and attachment to R. pellio larvae and adults. Preliminary background information showed that R. pellio has potential as a challenge organism for development of a biomarker assay.
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21

Bernardon, Fabiana Fedatto. "Helmintos de aves aquáticas (Pelecaniformes: Ardeidae) do sul do Brasil". Universidade Federal de Pelotas, 2013. http://repositorio.ufpel.edu.br/handle/ri/2321.

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The Ardeidae family is composed of more than 60 species, being one of the largest and most representative families of birds with characteristics adapted to wetlands. Rio Grande do Sul is characterized by presenting ecosystems which harbor a unique diversity of waders, where there is the record of 13 species of Ardeidae. Due to lack of information on the diversity of helminths in the Ardeidae family in Rio Grande do Sul, the work was developed with the goal of identifying the helminthfauna of nine species of Ardeidae and determine the parameters of prevalence, mean abundance and mean intensity. Were examined 30 birds of the Ardeidae family (Pelecaniformes), Ardea alba , Ardea cocoi, Butorides striata, Bubulcus ibis, Egretta thula, Ixobrychus involucris, Nycticorax nycticorax , Syrigma sibilatrix e Tigrisoma lineatum from the natural environment of the cities of Pelotas, Capão do Leão e Rio Grande, RS, Brazil. The birds were necropsied to collect helminths, prepared in accordance with the protocols used for each group and identified. As a result there was obtained species of Trematoda, Nematoda and Acanthocephala and their parasitological parameters as follow below: Trematoda: Digenea, Amphimerus interruptus (P=3,3%; AM=0,1; IM= 3,0), Apharyngostrigea ardearum (P=40%; AM=18,6; IM= 46,6), Ascocotyle sp. (P=33,3%; AM=88,4; IM= 265,3), Clinostomum complanatum (P=30%; AM=1,1; IM= 3,8), Episthmium proximum (P=23,3%; AM=1,0; IM=4,2), Ithyclinostomum dimorphum (P=6,6%; AM=0,1; IM=2,5), Nephrostomum limai (P=10%; AM= 0,3; IM=3,6), Ribeiroia insignis (P=10%; AM=2,8; IM=28,0 ) and Stomylotrema sp. (P=3,3%; AM=0,03; IM=1,0) belonging to eight families: Nematoda: Contracaecum microcephalum (P=80%; AM=15,1; IM=18,8), Desportesius invaginatus (P=43,3%; AM=2,76; IM=6,3), Desmidocercella ardeae (P=16,6%; AM=1,3; IM=8,0), Eustrongylides sp. (P=13,3%; AM=1,3; IM=10,2) and Baruscapillaria sp. (P=10%; AM=0,5; IM=5,0). Acanthocephala: Acanthocephalus sp. (Echinorhynchidae) (P=3,33%; AM=0,03; IM=1,0), Andracantha sp. (P=33,3%; AM=15,2; IM=45,8), Arhythmorhynchus sp. (P=6,66%; AM=0,16; IM=2,5) and Polymorphus sp. (Plagiorhynchidae) (P=13,3%; AM=1,3; IM=10,2). Tigrisoma lineatum was the only negative for all groups Ixobrychus involucris was negative for the presence of Trematoda and Bubulcus ibis negative for acanthocephalans. The Trematoda, Nematoda and Acanthocephala mentioned above are for the first time recorded in the Ardeidae family in Rio Grande do Sul in Brazil, some of the hosts and their helminth characterizes first occurrence. We have found insulated proglottids of cestodes in small and large intestine in some birds, but could not identify them.
A família Ardeidae é composta por mais de 60 espécies sendo uma das maiores e mais representativas famílias de aves com características adaptadas às áreas úmidas. O Rio Grande do Sul caracteriza-se por apresentar ecossistemas que abrigam uma diversidade ímpar de aves pernaltas onde há o registro de 13 espécies de ardeídeos. Devido a escassez de informações sobre a diversidade de helmintos em Ardeidae no Rio Grande do Sul, desenvolveu-se o trabalho com o objetivo de identificar a helmintofauna de nove espécies de ardeídeos e determinar a os parâmetros de prevalência, abundância e intensidade médias. Foram examinados 30 aves. Ardea alba, Ardea cocoi, Butorides striata, Bubulcus ibis, Egretta thula, Ixobrychus involucris, Nycticorax nycticorax, Syrigma sibilatrix e Tigrisoma lineatum, provenientes de ambiente natural dos municípios de Pelotas, Capão do Leão e Rio Grande RS, Brasil. As aves foram necropsiadas para a coleta dos helmintos, preparadas de acordo com os protocolos utilizados para cada grupo e identificadas. Como resultado obteve-se espécies de trematódeos, nematóides e acantocéfalos e seus parâmetros parasitológicos como seguem a seguir: Trematoda: Digenea, Amphimerus interruptus (P=3,3%; AM=0,1 ;IM=3,0), Apharyngostrigea ardearum (P=40%; AM=18,6; IM= 46,6), Ascocotyle sp. (P=33,3%; AM=88,4; IM= 265,3), Clinostomum complanatum (P=30%; AM=1,1; IM=3,8), Episthmium proximum (P=23,3%; AM=1,0; IM=4,2), Ithyclinostomum dimorphum (P=6,6%; AM=0,1; IM=2,5), Nephrostomum limai (P=10%; AM= 0,3; IM=3,6), Ribeiroia insignis (P=10%; AM=2,8; IM=28,0) e Stomylotrema sp. (P=3,3%; AM=0,03; IM=1,0) pertencentes a oito famílias; Nematoda: Contracaecum microcephalum (P=80%; AM=15,1;IM=18,8),Desportesius invaginatus(P=43,3%; AM=2,76; IM=6,3), Desmidocercella ardeae (P=16,6%; AM=1,3; IM=8,0), Eustrongylides sp. (P=13,3%; AM=1,3; IM=10,2) e Baruscapillaria sp. (P=10%; AM=0,5; IM=5,0). Acanthocephala: Acanthocephalus sp. (Echinorhynchidae) (P=3,33%; AM=0,03; IM=1,0), Andracantha sp. (P=33,3%; AM=15,2; IM=45,8), Arhythmorhynchus sp. (P=6,66%; AM=0,16; IM=2,5) e Polymorphus sp. (Plagiorhynchidae) (P=13,3%; AM=1,3; IM=10,2). Tigrisoma lineatum foi o único ardeídeo negativo para todos os grupos, enquanto que Ixobrychus involucris quanto à presença de trematódeos e Bubulcus ibis quanto à presença de acantocéfalos. Os trematódeos, nematóides e acantocéfalos citados anteriormente são pela primeira vez registrados em ardeídos no Rio Grande do Sul. No Brasil, alguns dos hospedeiros e respectivos helmintos constituem primeira ocorrência. Foram encontradas proglotes isoladas de cestóides no intestino delgado e grosso em algumas aves, porém não foi possível identificá-las.
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Knoetze, Rinus. "A molecular, morphological and biological characterisation of the genus Globodera (Nematoda: Heteroderidae) in South Africa". Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/86734.

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Thesis (PhD)--Stellenbosch University, 2014.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: A molecular, morphological and biological characterisation of the genus Globodera (Nematoda: Heteroderidae) in South Africa is presented. The aims of the study were to determine the spread of the genus in South Africa; to study the systematics and describe the characteristics of the group and to gain a more complete understanding of the biology of the group as agricultural pests. Surveys were conducted in the Cape Floristic Region and in all the potato-producing areas of South Africa. The surveys unearthed new species of cyst nematodes and determined the spread of Globodera rostochiensis in the country. Phylogenetic analysis of sequences from ITS-rDNA was used to infer phylogenetic relationships among cyst nematodes from South Africa. The analyses established the distinct phylogenetic positions of cyst nematode populations from South Africa relative to an array of other cyst nematode species and indicated the existence of four new species of cyst nematodes. Analysis of random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) banding patterns revealed intraspecific genetic variation amongst populations of Globodera rostochiensis. In order to provide molecular protocols for the accurate identification of South African cyst nematodes, species-specific primers and restriction enzymes were tested for their ability to discriminate between local Globodera spp. A combination of the molecular, morphological and morphometric characteristics of these populations were used to describe three new species of cyst nematodes. Experiments to determine the effect of storage temperature on the viability and hatching of South African populations of G. rostochiensis, showed differences in the responses of different populations to different storage temperatures. Experiments to determine the effect of field conditions on the viability and hatching of South African populations of G. rostochiensis, indicated that a decline in viable eggs in cysts from different populations occur, but suggests that the cysts will be able to survive for much longer in these soils than was expected. Spontaneous hatch was the main contributor to the decline of viability of cysts in the soil. Recording of soil temperatures in different locations indicated that the average temperature at 20 cm depth was approximately 20°C, the optimum temperature for the reproduction of G. rostochiensis, as confirmed by in vitro reproduction tests, which also showed that multiplication and survival is influenced negatively when the temperatures rise above 25°C. Reproduction on differential potato clones confirmed the pathotype of all the South African populations of G. rostochiensis as Ro1. After assessing the reproduction of G. rostochiensis on indigenous solanaceous plants, it was concluded that none of these plants induce substantial hatch in G. rostochiensis, nor do they support multiplication of the nematode. The results of this project have an impact on inquiries at all taxonomic levels, while also having an essential practical application in nematology. Knowledge of the distribution, pathogenicity, survival potential and reproduction capacity of Globodera species in South African soils are valuable for the design of effective management strategies as well as regulatory measures.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: ‘n Molekulêre, morfologiese en biologiese karakterisering van die genus Globodera (Nematoda: Heteroderidae) in Suid-Afrika word aangebied. Die doelwitte van die studieprojek was om die verspreiding van die genus in Suid-Afrika vas te stel, om die sistematiek van die groep te bestudeer en om ‘n meer volledige begrip van die biologie van die groep te bekom. Opnames is in die Kaapse Floristiese streek en in al die aartappelproduserende gebiede in die land gedoen. Tydens die opnames is nuwe sist nematode spesies gevind en die verspreiding van Globodera rostochiensis in Suid-Afrika is vasgestel. Filogenetiese analises van die basispaar opeenvolgings van ITS-rDNS is gebruik om die filogenetiese verwantskappe tussen die sist nematodes van Suid-Afrika vas te stel. Die spesifieke filogenetiese posisies van die nematodes, relatief tot ander spesies het gedui op die teenwoordigheid van 4 nuwe spesies. ‘n Analise van “random amplified polymorphic DNA” (RAPD) bandpatrone het intraspesifieke variasie tussen populasies van G. rostochiensis uitgewys. Diagnostiese tegnieke, aan die hand van spesies-spesifieke inleiers en restriksie-ensieme, is geevalueer vir hul vermoë om Globodera spesies van mekaar te onderskei. ‘n Kombinasie van molekulére, morfologiese en morfometriese karaktertrekke is gebruik vir die beskrywing van drie nuwe Globodera spesies. Eksperimente om die effek van verskillende temperature op die lewenskragtigheid en uitbroei van Suid-Afrikaanse populasies van G. rostochiensis vas te stel, het verskille in die reaksies van die poulasies uitgewys. Eksperimente om die effek van veldtoestande op die lewenskragtigheid en uitbroei van Suid-Afrikaanse populasies van G. rostochiensis vas te stel, het gewys dat alhoewel ‘n afname in die lewenskragtigheid van eiers plaasvind, sal die siste nog steeds langer in die grond oorleef as wat verwag is. Spontane uitbroei van eiers was die grootste oorsaak van die afname in lewenskragtigheid van siste in die grond. Die monitoring van grondtemperature in verskillende lokaliteite, het gewys dat die gemiddelde temperatuur, 20 cm onder die grond, nagenoeg 20°C was. Die optimum temperatuur vir die aanteling van G. rostochiensis, soos gewys deur in vitro toetse is ook 20°C, maar ‘n skerp daling vind plaas by temperature hoer as 25°C. Aanteling op verskillende aartappel cultivars, het gewys dat die patotipe van plaaslike populasies van G. rostochiensis, Ro1 is. Toetse op inheemse Solanum plante het gewys dat die plante nie goeie gashere vir G. rostochiensis is nie. Die bevindings van hierdie studieprojek het ‘n impak op die taksonomie van die groep en kennis van die verspreiding, patogenisiteit en oorlewing van die nematodes onder Suid-Afrikaanse toestande is van waarde vir die daarstelling van effektiewe beheerstrategiee en wetstoepaslike regulasies.
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Rocha, Raquel de Oliveira. "Exsudatos de sementes de soja [Glycine max (L.) Merrill]: caracterização proteômica e efeitos contra o nematoide das galhas Meloidogyne incognita". reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFC, 2014. http://www.repositorio.ufc.br/handle/riufc/14448.

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ROCHA, R. O. Exsudatos de sementes de soja [Glycine max (L.) Merrill]: caracterização proteômica e efeitos contra o nematoide das galhas Meloidogyne incognita. 2014. 110 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Bioquímica) - Centro de Ciências, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, 2014.
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Exudation is a defense mechanism presented by seeds, which release molecules to the soil during the germination process. These exudates, mainly composed by proteins and secondary metabolites, act interfering with the development of microorganisms. They represent a source of defense molecules with biotechnological potential to control soil-borne pathogens. In this context, soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill] stands as an ideal system in the study of plant-pathogen interaction due to its great economic value and the high content of seed proteins. The experimental activities presented in this thesis aimed to characterize the composition of seed exudates from two different soybean cultivars, which show different levels of performance in response to the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita. Furthermore, the in vitro and in vivo effects of the seed exudates on this pathogen were evaluated. For this purpose, the exudates were obtained from soybean seeds (BRS-Pala:susceptible; BRS-Macota:resistant), soaked in 0.1 M sodium acetate, pH 5.0, during 18 hours. The gel-free proteomic analysis allowed identification of several defense-related proteins such as soybean agglutinin, Kunitz and Bowman-Birk trypsin inhibitors, and pathogenesis-related proteins. The qualitative analysis of secondary metabolites in the exudates also revealed the presence of phenols, triterpenoids, saponins, flavones, flavonols, and xanthones in both cultivars. The above exudates were dialyzed in 3.5 kDa cut-off membranes and assayed for bioactive proteins. The hemagglutinating (609.52 HU/mgP), trypsin (4.81 mg trypsin inhibited/mgP) and papain (30.48 IU/mgP) inhibitor, proteolytic (1.52 UAPr/mgP.min), and β-1, 3-glucanase (58.26 ηkatGLU/mgP) activities were higher for BRS-Pala. Otherwise, the peroxidase activity (0.218 UAP/mgP.min) predominated in BRS-Macota. The evaluation of anti-nematode activity against eggs and second stage juveniles (J2) revealed that both exudates were able to inhibit the hatching of M. incognita eggs as well as the J2 mobility. This nematostatic property is reflected in the infectivity of the parasite, reduced by the exuded protein at 0.13 mg/mL concentration. The results reinforce the idea that the exudation is related to the constitutive defense of the seeds, suggesting that the proteins present in the exudates can contribute to the protection against nematodes and possibly other plant enemies during the germination process.
A exsudação é um mecanismo de defesa apresentado por sementes que consiste na liberação de moléculas para o solo durante o processo de germinação. Esses exsudatos, compostos essencialmente de proteínas e metabólitos secundários, atuam interferindo no desenvolvimento de microrganismos, representando fontes para prospecção de moléculas de defesa com potencial biotecnológico, voltadas ao controle de patógenos de solo. Nesse contexto, a soja se destaca [Glycine max (L.) Merrill] como sistema ideal ao estudo das interações planta-patógeno, visto seu grande valor econômico e o alto teor de proteínas de seus grãos. Este trabalho teve como objetivos caracterizar a composição dos exsudatos de sementes de dois cultivares de soja, com diferentes índices de desempenho em resposta ao nematoide das galhas Meloidogyne incognita, e avaliar seus efeitos in vitro e in vivo sobre este fitopatógeno. Exsudatos foram obtidos a partir de sementes de soja (cultivares BRS-Pala: suscetível; BRS-Macota: resistente), embebidas em acetato de sódio 0,1 M, pH 5,0, por 18 horas. A análise proteômica comparativa livre de gel que permitiu a identificação de diversas proteínas relacionadas à defesa vegetal, tais como a aglutinina da soja, os inibidores de tripsina do tipo Kunitz e Bowman-Birk e proteínas relacionadas à patogênese. A análise qualitativa de metabólitos secundários nos exsudatos revelou a presença de fenóis, triterpenóides, saponinas, flavonas, flavonóis e xantonas em ambas as cultivares. Posteriormente, estes exsudatos foram dialisados em membranas de diálise com exclusão de 3,5 kDa e submetidos à dosagem de proteínas bioativas. As atividades hemaglutinante (609,52 UH/mgP), inibitórias de tripsina (4,81 mg tripsina inibida/mgP) e papaína (30,48 UI/mgP), proteolítica (1,52 UAPr/mgP.min) e β-1,3-glucanásica (58,26 ηkatGLU/mgP) foram maiores para a cultivar BRS-Pala. Já a atividade peroxidásica (0,218 UAP/mgP.min) predominou na cultivar BRS-Macota, A avaliação da atividade nematicida sobre ovos e juvenis de segundo estádio (J2), usando exsudatos dialisados, revelou que ambos os exsudatos são capazes de inibir a eclosão de M. incognita, bem como a mobilidade dos juvenis desta espécie. Esta propriedade nematostática se reflete na infectividade do parasita, reduzida pelo tratamento com proteínas exsudadas na concentração de 0,13 mg/mL. Os resultados reforçam a ideia de que a exsudação das sementes está relacionada à defesa constitutiva deste órgão vegetal, sugerindo que proteínas presentes nos exsudatos podem promover proteção contra nematoides durante o processo germinativo.
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Roder, Alexandra Catherine, i Alexandra Catherine Roder. "Influence of Xenorhabdus Symbionts on Gonad Development and Pheromone Production of First-Generation Adult Steinernema Nematodes (Nematoda: Steinernematidae)". Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/626344.

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Entomopathogenic Steinernema nematodes (Nematoda: Steinernematidae) have a mutualistic relationship with Xenorhabdus bacteria (Gamma-Proteobacteria Enterobacteriaceae). The two partners form an insecticidal alliance that is successful in killing a wide range of insects. A few studies have shown that Steinernema IJs have an enhanced virulence and reproductive fitness when they associate with their cognate symbionts. However, there are unanswered questions regarding the physiological interactions that govern and perpetuate the interactions between different nematode developmental stages and their bacterial partners. In this study, we evaluated gonad development and maturation time of first-generation adults of S. carpocapsae and S. feltiae adults when reared under four bacterial scenarios: a) cognate symbiotic, b) non-cognate symbiotic bacterial strain, c) non-cognate symbiotic bacterial species and d) non-symbiotic bacteria (Serratia proteamaculans). For comparative purposes, we also considered adult nematodes reared in vivo in Galleria mellonella larvae to assess nematode development under natural conditions. Furthermore, in this study we also measured production of nematode pheromones (ascarosides), which play a key role in mating and reproduction. For this purpose, we considered in vitro rearing methods (with cognate and non-cognate Xenorhabdus symbionts) to qualitatively and quantitatively characterize ascarosides produced by first-generation adults. Our data showed that for both Steinernema spp. tested, time to adult maturation and gonad development was tightly dependent on the bacterial conditions under which juveniles were reared. However, contrasting results were observed when assessing total body length and gonad size. S. feltiae males and females size (body length and width) and respective gonad length were smaller when reared with a non-cognate symbiotic species. Additionally, non-symbiotic bacteria did not sustain S. feltiae maturation to adult stages. Contrarily, S. carpocapsae juveniles developed to adults when reared with any of the bacterial conditions tested, including with non-symbiotic Serratia proteamaculans. Additionally, S. carpocapsae adults, unlike S. feltiae, did not exhibit enhanced body and gonad size when reared with their cognate symbiont. In fact, S. carpocapsae males and females had larger gonad lengths when reared with a non-cognate symbiotic strain, XnAna (X. nematophila associated with S. anatoliense). S. carpocapsae males and females had significantly underdeveloped gonads when reared with non-symbiotic bacteria. In both Steinernema spp., sex ratio was not impacted by the bacterial condition. However, sex ratio (female:male) S. carpocapsae, decreased from 2:1 to 1:1 when reared with non-symbiotic bacteria. The body and gonad sizes of Steinernema spp. reared in vitro with their cognate symbiont were significantly smaller than those grown in vivo. Ascaroside production in either Steinernema spp. was not significantly impacted by the rearing conditions. In S. carpocapsae, a significant increase in glucoside-1 was observed when the nematodes were reared with cognate or non-cognate bacteria. No detectable quantities of asc-C11 were produced by S. feltiae nematodes when reared with a non-cognate symbiotic bacterial species. We conclude that bacterial symbionts influenced maturation and development of first-generation adults’ in both Steinernema spp. tested in this study. However, response to the bacterial symbionts was species specific. Additionally, this study showed that Xenorhabdus as a food source plays an important role in the type and amount of ascarosides produced by Steinernema spp.
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Viketoft, Maria. "Soil nematode communities in grasslands : effects of plant species identity and diversity /". Uppsala : Dept. of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2007. http://epsilon.slu.se/200748.pdf.

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Freire, Lira Viviane. "Efeito do Bário e Cádmio no desenvolvimento populacional de Pellioditis marina ( Bastian, 1865) ( Nematoda, Rhabtidae) e Diplollaimeloides oschei Meyl, 1954 ( Nematoda, Monhysteridae)". Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 2008. https://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/514.

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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico
Perfurações de poço de petróleo e gás envolvem o uso de fluidos que contêm vários metais pesados, dentre eles o bário e o cádmio, os quais podem afetar a biota do ambiente ao redor. Os Nematoda são os metazoários bentônicos mais abundantes, e desempenham um papel fundamental na cadeia alimentar bêntica e no fluxo de carbono. Este estudo teve como objetivo analisar o desenvolvimento populacional das espécies de Nematoda: (i) Pellioditis marina sob a influência de bário e cádmio e (ii) Diplollaimeloides oschei sob a influência de cádmio. Os espécimes foram obtidos a partir de uma cultura monoespecífica, agnobiótica e em crescimento exponencial. O experimento foi realizado em meio agar, sendo as concentrações testadas para Cloreto de Bário: 0, 120, 400, 2000, 3600, 4800 e 10000 ppm e para o Cloreto de Cádmio: 0, 0.3, 1.0, 5.0, 9.0 e 12 ppm. Os juvenis de P. marina não foram afetados por nenhuma concentração de Cádmio, contudo a abundância de adultos decresceu com o aumento da concentração. Para o Bário, a partir da concentração de 2000 ppm houve uma redução na densidade de juvenis e adultos; na máxima concentração todos os indivíduos morreram em três dias, não havendo maturação de adultos. Todos os níveis populacionais de D. oschei foram impactados a partir de 5.0 ppm de Cloreto de Cd, havendo um desequilíbrio da proporção sexual na concentração mais alta. Existiu também Conclui-se que atividades de perfuração petrolífera podem acarretar em conseqüências importantes para a nematofauna marinha, devido à toxicidade de metais , a exemplo do Bário e Cádmio
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鄺懿珩 i Yi-hang Agnes Kwong. "Lipid composition and lipases of Angiostrongylus cantonensis (nematoda: metastrongyloidea)". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1989. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31209208.

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蘇雅頌 i Ngar-chung Nellie So. "Pyrimidine nucleotide biosynthesis in adult angiostrongylus Cantonensis (Nematoda : Metastrongyloidea)". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1993. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B3123320X.

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McHugh, Timothy Daniel. "Immunological and ultrastructural studies of Strongyloides ratti (Nematoda: Rhabditoidea)". Thesis, University of Portsmouth, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.328164.

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Power, Jonathan David. "Biochemical and immunological studies of Strongloides ratti (nematoda: rhabditoidea)". Thesis, University of Portsmouth, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.358431.

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Sarkar, Debjani. "Spliced leader trans-splicing and operons in Dorylaimida (Nematoda)". Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2014. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=214855.

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Nematodes are an important animal group that have shown remarkable adaptability, leading to their ubiquitous global distribution. Many are also major parasites of humans, plants and animals; therefore an understanding of nematode biology is of great importance both medically and agriculturally. The phylum is divided into three main taxa: the Chromadoria; the Dorylaimia and the Enoplia. Most studies on nematode biology tend to focus on the nematode model, Caenorhabditis elegans or other nematodes within the Chromadorea (clades III, IV and V). To date the Dorylaimia and the Enoplia (nematodes that occupy clades I and II respectively) have been poorly studied, but recent work on the Dorylaim parasite, Trichinella spiralis, is providing valuable data to help understand the evolution of the Nematoda. The recent publication of the T. spiralis genome has revealed nematode-specific features and has allowed for in depth comparative genomic analyses. These analyses have revealed that in some respects – such as highly conserved signalling pathways, T. spiralis seems to more closely resemble the arthropod outgroup than it does to other nematodes within the Chromadorea. I decided to see whether attributes seen in T. spiralis were conserved in other Dorylaimian nematodes, and extended this study to include two additional Dorylaim nematodes, the free-living Prionchulus punctatus and the parasitic Trichuris muris. T. muris was chosen as it shares a relatively recent ancestor with the lineage leading to the Trichinellidae, whereas P. punctatus, whilst still a Dorylaimian, exists outside of this group. We used transcriptome data from P. punctatus, to further our analysis and characterisation of the Wnt, Hedgehog and TGF-β signalling pathways and show that like T. spiralis, this nematode also has a much less derived set of signaling pathways compared to C. elegans and other members of the Chromadoria. Spliced Leader (SL) trans-splicing is a phenomenon that occurs throughout the nematode phylum; as such it is a trait that was most likely present in the ancestral nematode. Nematodes in the Chromadorea have been shown to use two types of SLs, first characterized in C. elegans; SL1 and SL2. Previous studies have shown that the Dorylaim T. spiralis uses a range of highly polymorphic SL sequences that have only limited similarity to C. elegans SL1 and SL2. In contrast, initial searches for SLs in P. punctatus have shown that it possesses clear SL2-like sequences. I IV investigated the nature of SL trans-splicing within the Dorylaimia. In this study I identified the SL sequences present in T. muris and showed that they are similar to the SLs found in P. punctatus, which is unexpected given that T. muris is more closely related to T. spiralis. This indicates that the complement of SLs found in T. spiralis is derived relative to other nematodes. In C. elegans, it was found that SL trans-splicing is involved in the processing of polycistronic transcription units known as operons, into monocistronic mRNAs. To date, operons have only been seen within Chromadorean nematodes, but the presence of SL trans-splicing in the Dorylaimia implies that they may be present in these nematodes also. This thesis presents, for the first time, evidence for the presence of operons in the two Dorylaimian nematodes; T. spiralis and T. muris. We show that operons are likely to be an ancient feature of the Nematoda, with evidence for a conserved operon that spans throughout different nematode species within the phylum.
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32

Bik, Holly Marie. "Resolving phylogenetic relationships within the order Enoplida (Phylum Nematoda)". Thesis, University of Southampton, 2010. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/168993/.

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The Order Enoplida (Phylum Nematoda) has been proposed as a divergent nematode lineage—Enoplid nematodes are thought to exhibit morphological and developmental characteristics present in the ‘ancestral nematode’. However, previous molecular phylogenies have failed to unequivocally confirm the position of this group. The Enoplida is primarily comprised of free-living marine species; if these taxa represent close relatives of the nematode ancestor, this relationship would presumably imply a marine origin for the phylum. Prior to this investigation, few publically available gene sequences existed for Enoplid nematodes, and published sequences represented only shallow water fauna from Northwest Europe. This study has aimed to improve resolution at the base of the nematode tree, using drastically increased taxon-sampling within the previously neglected Enoplid clade. Morphological identifications, nuclear gene sequences (18S and 28S rRNA), and mitochondrial gene sequences (Cox1) were obtained from marine specimens representing a variety of deep-sea and intertidal habitats. Molecular data were used to assess the phylogenetic placement of the Enoplid clade, resolve internal taxonomic relationships within this group, and investigate relationships between shallow water and deep-sea fauna. Despite rigorous empirical testing and comprehensive taxon sampling, large-scale phylogenetic analyses based on 18S rRNA sequences (using both Maximum Likelihood and Bayesian Inference methods) failed to provide added resolution at the base of the nematode tree. Molecular data from the 18S rRNA gene was unable to confirm the placement of Enoplida as a divergent lineage representing the sister taxon to all other nematodes. These findings highlight the limitations of the 18S gene for resolving the deepest evolutionary splits amongst nematode clades. Analysis of internal relationships reveals that the Enoplida is split into two main clades, with groups consisting of terrestrial and primarily marine fauna, respectively. For marine taxa, deep-sea and shallow-water specimens from the same genus consistently appear as sister taxa. Deep-sea nematode species may have arisen via several evolutionary routes; some deep-sea clades appear to represent recently derived forms, while other groups seem to have radiated much earlier. Nematodes from deep-sea sites exhibit no obvious clustering according to depth or geographic location, and specimens represent a wide taxonomic range within the Enoplida. In addition, there seems to be some molecular evidence for purportedly cosmopolitan nematode species; identical gene sequences were recorded between distant shallow water locations, as well as between deep-sea and shallow water habitats. Data from Enoplid nematodes suggests an intriguing pattern for nematode species distributions—validating these preliminary insights will require a large amount of molecular data from many additional geographic locations. Future studies will also need to incorporate data from additional genetic loci (or use phylogenomic methods) in order to build robust deep phylogenies.
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So, Ngar-chung Nellie. "Pyrimidine nucleotide biosynthesis in adult angiostrongylus Cantonensis (Nematoda : Metastrongyloidea) /". [Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong], 1993. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B13637745.

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Kwong, Yi-hang Agnes. "Lipid composition and lipases of Angiostrongylus cantonensis (nematoda: metastrongyloidea) /". [Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong], 1989. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B12583273.

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Cristina, Guilherme Betânia. "Abordagem taxonômica e protéica de nematoda de vida livre". Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 2010. https://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/2221.

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Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco
Os Nematoda marinhos estão entre os grupos mais comuns, dominantes e diversos metazoários bentônicos. Normalmente, representam 70 90% de abundância, onde apresentam papéis ecológicos fundamentais. Estimativas de diversidade de Nematoda marinho são em número de milhões de espécies, da qual só uma pequena fração foi descrito. Estudos taxonômicos da família Thoracostomopsidae Filipjev, 1927 são raros, logo faz necessário um estudo que venha contribuir para o conhecimento dos seus representantes no Brasil. Este estudo teve como objetivos: (1) realizar um levantamento sobre o estado da arte da Família Thoracostomopsidae com base na bibliografia existente; (2) Descrever as novas espécies desta família obtidas em amostras coletadas nas Bacias de Campos e Potiguar e (3) levantar a composição protéica da nematofauna de dois ambientes costeiros. Na Bacia de Campos foram coletadas amostras de sedimento em nov/dez de 2002 (OCEANPROF I) e jun/jul de 2003 (OCEANPROF II) a bordo do navio Astro Garoupa. Um total de 43 estações ao longo de 9 transectos em profundidades de 750 m, 1050 m, 1350 m, 1650 m e 1950 m. Na Bacia Potiguar as amostras foram coletadas em duas campanhas (em 2004, com 69 estações, sendo 43 na malha de caracterização ambiental e 26 na malha de monitoramento ambiental dos emissários submarinos do pólo industrial de Guamaré; Em 2008, 36 estações de coleta, sendo 26 estações dos emissários submarinos do pólo industrial de Guamaré e 10 localizadas a 50m, 200m, 500m, 1000m e 2000m de distância dos emissários). As amostras foram fixadas com formaldeído (4%) salino e acondicionadas em potes plásticos. Em laboratório as amostras foram elutriadas para retirada dos Nematoda. Logo após foram confeccionadas lâminas permanentes para identificação genérica e específica, a partir de determinação dos dados de morfometria, através de literatura específica. Para o levantamento protéico foram coletados os Nematoda da praia de Maracaípe e Estuário do Pina. As amostras biosedimentológicas foram coletadas com um tubo PVC de 3,7 cm de diâmetro interno, sendo este inserido nos sedimentos até 10 cm de profundidade, no mediolitoral inferior, em seguida fixadas utilizando-se diferentes tratamentos (potes com formol, formol tamponado com bórax e sem formol) sendo todas mantidas resfriadas. O sedimento foi elutriado para análise protéica, sendo retirados 200 Nematoda de cada tratamento, nos quais, foram sonicados e centrifugados para análise protéica usando método BCA (Protein Assay Kit). Através do levantamento realizado sobre a família Thoracostomopsidae, pode-se observar que existe uma discordância com as descrições de alguns gêneros. Dentre os gêneros da subfamília Enoplolaiminae, Enoplolaimus, Enoploides e Mesacanthion foram os que não existiam na literatura informações suficientes, seja de caráter descritivo ou ilustrativo; já os gêneros Epacanthion e Oxyonchus, são os que apresentam dados atuais e relevantes na identificação das espécies válidas. Na Bacia de Campos foram encontrados: Mesacanthion, Mesacanthoides, Paramesacanthion e descrição Epacanthion sp. nov. Na Bacia Potiguar, a família está representada pelos gêneros: Oxyonchus sp, Trileptium sp, Fenestrolaimus sp, sendo os gêneros Mesacanthion sp e Epacanthion sp estudados ao nível específico. Nos ambientes estudados houve uma variação na concentração dos extratos obtidos dos organismos fixados com formalina neutra e os dos organismos tamponados com bórax, porém não significativa. Entretanto, para os extratos obtidos dos organismos sem tratamento a concentração de S1 e S2 foi cerca de 78% menor. Uma variação significativa, ocorreu para os extratos obtidos dos Nematoda coletados no complexo estuarino da Bacia do Pina- PE sem formol, onde a concentração protéica foi de 80,27 μg/mL, cerca de 68% maior comparado com S3 da praia de Maracaípe. Entretanto, faz-se necessário um estudo mais detalhado, uma vez que as metodologias existentes que auxiliam a determinação de proteínas ou outras classes bioquímicas, são escassas, logo precisam ser ajustadas e adaptadas para organismos como Nematoda que apresentam um tamanho muito reduzido, dificultando assim a extração dos seus compostos orgânicos. Além disso, ainda que haja a necessidade de mais estudos a cerca da composição protéica dos nematódeos, os primeiros resultados aqui apresentados demonstraram ser esta abordagem, uma ferramenta promissora na investigação das estratégias bioenergéticas e na relevância trófica do grupo nos ecossistemas marinhos e estuarinos
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Barros, Juliana São Luiz de. "Taxonomia morfológica e filogenia molecular de Physaloptera (Nematoda: spirurida)". reponame:Repositório Institucional da FIOCRUZ, 2015. https://www.arca.fiocruz.br/handle/icict/14233.

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Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
Os nematoideos pertencentes ao gênero Physaloptera estão incluídos na ordem Spirurida e caracterizam-se por possuir a extremidade anterior com simetria bilateral. O gênero Physaloptera tem como espécie tipo P. clausa parasito de Erinaceus europeus. No Brasil, Vaz e Pereira (1935) encontrou Physaloptera bispiculata no estômago de um roedor selvagem Nectomys squamipes Brants, 1827 (rato d\2019água) no estado de São Paulo, Brasil. Esta espécie foi posteriormente relatada parasitando Sigmodon hispidus, Cynomys ludovicianus e Ondatra zibethicus. As limitações das características morfológicas para identificação taxonômica, as dificuldades em analisar o ciclo de vida completo e seus hospedeiros alternativos, tem suscitado o uso de técnicas moleculares como instrumento de auxílio na taxonomia. Neste trabalho foi descrita uma nova espécie de Physaloptera coletada parasitando o estômago do roedor Cerradomys subflavus (Cricetidae: Sigmodontinae) coletado Serra da Canastra, Minas Gerais, Brasil (20°13\201928.30\201DS; 46°30\201939.20\201DO). A espécie foi caracterizada através das técnicas morfológicas (ML e MEV) e histológicas. Além disso, a filogenia foi estudada do gênero através de sequências moleculares do gene 18S rRNA e MT-COI 1 produzindo sequências para as espécies P. bispiculata parasita do roedor Nectomys squamipes, P. turgida 1 parasita do marsupial Didelphis aurita, P. mirandai 1 e 2 parasita do marsupial Metachirus nudicaudatus, P. galvaoi parasita do roedor Cerradomys subflavus, P. retusa parasita do réptil Tupinambis teguixin, Protospirura numidica 1 parasita do roedor Oxymycterus dasythricthus, P. numidica 2 parasita do roedor Oxymycterus delator, Physocephalus lassancei parasita do roedor Thrichomys fosteri, Pterigodermatites jagerskioldi parasito de Thylamys macrurus e Gnatostoma turgidum parasito de Philander opossum Todos os nematoides utilizados foram coletados do estômago e identificados por ML. As análises morfológicas por ML e MEV revelaram a presença de dimorfismo sexual com as exemplares fêmeas maiores que os macho, extremidade cefálica com abertura bucal com dois grandes pseudolábios laterais, cada um com dente tripartite semicircular de pontas desiguais (dois arredondados e um pontiagudo) e um único grande dente triangular, um par pseudodentes na borda externa lateral de cada lábio e duas papilas em cada lábio. As análises filogenéticas dentro do gênero Physaloptera revelaram um monofiletismo sugerindo uma rápida e simultânea diversificação de espécies. As observações histológicas contribuíram também com novas informações da constituição celular/ tecidual e da biologia dos nematódeos. Sendo assim, a combinação dos métodos morfológicos, moleculares e histológicos apresentaram resultados satisfatórios para descrição de espécies, caracterização do gênero Physaloptera
Abstract: Nematodes belonging to the genus Physaloptera are included in the order Spirurida, and are characterized by having anterior end provided with bilateral symmetry. The genus Physaloptera present as type species P. clausa parasite of Erinaceus europeus. In Brazil, Vaz and Pereira (1935) found Physaloptera bispiculata in the stomach of the rodent Nectomys squamipes Brants, 1827 (water rat) in São Paulo, Brazil. Later, this species was reported parasitizing Sigmodon hispidus, Cynomys ludovicianus and Ondatra zibethicus. The limitations of the morphological features for taxonomic identification, the difficulties to study the complete life cycle and their alternatives hosts, has favored the use of molecular techniques as a tool for solving these questions. This present study describes a new species of Physaloptera of stomach from the rodent Cerradomys subflavus (Cricetidae: Sigmodontinae) collected from Serra da Canastra, Minas Gerais, Brasil (20°13\201928.30\201DS; 46°30\201939.20\201DO). The species was characterized by morphological techniques (ML and SEM) and histological. Furthermore, phylogeny of the genus was performed through molecular sequences of region 18S rRNA and MT-CO 1 producing sequences for the species P. bispiculata rodent parasite of Nectomys squamipes, P. turgida parasite of marsupial Didelphis aurita, P. mirandai 1 and 2 parasite of marsupial Metachirus nudicaudatus, P. galvaoi parasite of the rodent Cerradomys subflavus, P. retusa parasite of reptile Tupinambis teguixin, Protospirura numidica 1 parasite of rodent Oxymycterus dasythricthus, P. numidica 2 parasite of rodent Oxymycterus delator, Physocephalus lassancei parasite of rodent Thrichomys fosteri, Pterigodermatites jagerskioldi parasite of Thylamys macrurus and Gnatostoma turgidum parasite of Philander opossum All nematodes used were collected from the stomach and identified by ML. Morphological analysis by ML and SEM revealed the presence of sexual dimorphism presenting females larger than the male cephalic end. Oral opening with two large lateral, semicircular pseudolabia, each bearing three internal lateral teeth, forming a tripartite structure and single large external lateral triangulate tooth. Phylogenetic analyzes within the Physaloptera genus revealed a monophyletism suggesting a rapid and simultaneous species diversification. The histological observations also contribute to new information of cell / tissue formation and biology of nematodes. So the combination of morphological, molecular and histological methods showed satisfactory results for describing species, characterization of the Physaloptera genus
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37

Thomas, Micheli Cristina. "Dispersão e fluxo gênico de metapopulações de nematoides marinhos de vida livre". reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFPR, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1884/26448.

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Resumo: Este trabalho teve como primeiro objetivo categorizar grupos funcionais de dispersao de nematoides marinhos de vida livre, com base na combinacao das suas estrategias de locomocao e modos de deslocamentos e de suas caracteristicas morfologicas e estrategias de vida. Em uma primeira etapa, as estrategias de locomocao e os modos de deslocamentos de nematoides marinhos foram categorizados experimentalmente em laboratorio, usando como modelos especies de uma planicie entremares nao vegetada na Baia de Paranagua, um grande sistema estuarino na costa sul do Brasil. Em uma segunda etapa, para a definicao formal dos grupos funcionais de dispersao, estas categorias foram combinadas com as caracteristicas morfologicas e estrategias de vida, a partir de dados secundarios obtidos da literatura especifica. Como segundo objetivo do trabalho, foi avaliada a presenca de nematoides marinhos na da coluna d.agua relacionada com o potencial de dispersao por meio de um experimento de campo em um baixio subtropical nao vegetado, tambem na Baia de Paranagua. O experimento foi replicado durante eventos unicos de mare enchente em julho de 2008 e janeiro de 2009. De modo geral o grupo funcional de dispersao vagil nadador apresentou comportamento ativo, com capacidade de natacao por deslocamentos senoidal mola e senoidal omega, possibilitados pelo corpo esbelto e cauda conica/cilindrica. Ao considerar as especies de nematoides marinhos associadas a macroalgas, especies vageis nadadoras foram relacionadas, principalmente, aos processos de dispersao por ¡°rafting¡±. Especies desse grupo funcional de dispersao mostram uma grande agilidade para se locomoverem tanto no sedimento quanto nadar na coluna d.agua. Ao contrario das especies vageis nadadoras, as especies vageis rastejadoras apresentam modo de deslocamento senoidal circular e pertencem ao grupo trofico comedor de deposito seletivo e apresentaram a estrategia de evitar a suspensao, atraves da locomocao ativa no ambiente intersticial, migrando para as camadas mais profundas do sedimento. Eventualmente especies vageis rastejadoras podem ser encontradas na coluna d.agua decorrente dos processos de erosao e transporte passivo. Por fim, o grupo funcional de dispersao sedentario e formado por especies com corpo relativamente pequeno e robusto, o que restringe o deslocamento a movimentos senoidais ou similares, mostrando-se completamente estaticos ou parados. A presenca das especies sedentarias na coluna d.agua e uma funcao dos processos de erosao dos fundos por correntes e subsequente transporte passivo, facilitado pelo seu habito de vida restrito as camadas superficiais do sedimento e por seu comportamento letargico. As populacoes da especie sedentaria Metachromadora chandleri, apresentaram amplo fluxo genico, nao sendo possivel reconhecer populacoes locais e regionais geneticamente estruturadas. A distribuicao dessa especie nao representa uma metapopulacao classica, mas pode ser considerada uma metapopulacao Fonte-dreno. Por outro lado, Viscosia cobbi por ser uma especie vagil nadadora e capaz de resistir ao carreamento apos suspensao, atraves do comportamento ativo de natacao. Especies vageis nadadoras se ajustam assim ao conceito classico de metapopulacoes, com populacoes regionais apresentando fluxo genico restrito. Em ultima analise, para determinar a importancia dos grupos funcionais de dispersao na estrutura genetica das populacoes e aplicacao do conceito de metapopulacoes para nematoides marinhos, a comparacao com especies vageis rastejadoras, assim como para outras especies sedentarias e vageis nadadoras, e extremamente relevante e necessaria.
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Terrill, William Forrest. "Threshold chemosensitivity of the nematode caenorhabditis elegans". Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/25414.

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39

Pegoraro, Fabiola Isabela. "Influencia da idade da infecção de Strongyloides venezuelensis Brumpt, 1934 (Nematoda : Rhabditida) em ratos e de fatores ambientais externos no desenvolvimento das formas de vida livre". [s.n.], 1999. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/315225.

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Orientador: Marlene Tiduko Ueta
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia
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Resumo: O nematódeo Strongyloides venezuelensis alterna, no decorrer do seu ciclo de vida, gerações parasita e de vida livre, sofrendo influência de fatores ambientais externos e outros relacionados ao hospedeiro vertebrado. A geração parasita é constituída somente por fêmeas adultas e a de vida livre por machos e remeas. Dos ovos eclodem larvas que se tomam filarióides por ciclo direto ou adultos sexuados por ciclo indireto. Parâmetros morfométricos das remeas parasitas e de larvas filarióides oriundas das culturas de carvão animal granulado, em intervalos de 7, 14 e 21 dias, serviram para evidenciar o grau de atuação de fatores do meio externo (quantidade de alimento nas culturas) e relacionados ao hospedeiro (sexo e idade). Os estudos foram feitos em 4 grupos experimentais, usando ratos Wistar, SPF, machos e remeas infectados, subcutaneamente, com 500 e 3500 larvas filarióides. Após o intervalo de 7, 14 e 21 dias, as larvas filarióides e as formas de vida livre foram recolhidas das culturas pelo método de Rugai e as formas parasitas do intestino dos ratos, por necrópsia dos animais. Ambas foram mortas pelo calor e fixadas em T AF. Posteriormente, 30 exemplares de larvas e fêmeas de cada dia de infecção de cada grupo foram desenhadas em câmara clara e medidas com curvímetro e mesa digitalizadora, para análise morfométrica. Sendo assim, nossos resultados evidenciaram que a idade e o sexo do hospedeiro podem alterar o comprimento e as proporções do esôfago e cauda nas larvas e o comprimento, o esôfago e a distância da abertura da vulva nos adultos. Os adultos obtidos de infecções em ratos mais velhos, apresentaram menor tamanho e nas infecções menos intensas o comprimento foi maior. O sexo do hospedeiro aparentemente não afetou o tamanho do adulto, exceto em infecções mais antigas; porém, produziu menor número de fêmeas de vida livre nos hospedeiros remeas. A duração e a intensidade da infecção no comportamento de Strongyloides venezuelensis no hospedeiro comprovou que, em infecções mais antigas, aumenta o número de formas de vida livre em cultura, principalmente em ratos mais velhos. Neste trabalho, o meio de cultura demonstrou influenciar o aparecimento das formas de vida livre, principalmente onde houve maior disponibilidade de alimento nas fezes dos hospedeiros, que faziam parte do meio de cultura (3 partes de carvão: 1 parte de fezes)
Abstract: " Influence of the infection age of Strongyloides venezuelensis Brumpt, 1934 (Nematoda : habditida) and external environrnental factors in free -living forms development" During its life cycle, the nematode Strongyloides venezuelensis alternates, parasite and free - living generations, under influence of external environrnental factors and others related to vertebrate host. The parasite generation is composed of only adults female and free - living for males and females. As of eggs hatches larvae becoming infective larvae by direct cycle or sexual adults by indirect cycle. Morfometric parameters of females adults and the infective larvae derived from animal granulated charcoal cultures, at space between 7, 14 and 21 days, served for evidence the grade of actuaction the external environmental factors (quantity for food in the cultures) and related for host (sex and age). The studies were done with 4 experimental groups, utilized Wistar rats, SPF, males and females infected, subcutaneously, with 500 and 3500 infective larvae. In the space of 7th, 14th and 21th days, the infective larvae and free - living forms went removed in the cultures by Rugai's method and parasites forms from rats intestine, by necropsy for animaIs. Both killed for heat and fixed in TAF. Posteriorly, thirty larvae and adult females examples in every infection day in each group went pictured in camera lucida and measured with curvimeter and digital board, for morfometric analysis. Thus, our results evidenced wich the age and the host sex can be change the length and the esophagus and tail proportions in the larvae and the lenght, esophagus and the vulva opening in the adults. The adults derived by infections in older rats, presented smaller size and in less intensive infections the length were higher. Apparently, the host sex don't to affect the adult size, except in older infections; but produced a minor number of free ­ living females from female hosts. The duration and the intensity of infection Strongyloides venezuelensis in the host behaviour wished corroborate which, in older infections, increase the number of free ­living forms in culture, mainly in older rats. In this work, the culture medium showed the development of free - living forms, mainly where there was high disponibility of food in the feces hosts as part of culture medium ( 3 charcoal parts : 1 feces)
Mestrado
Mestre em Parasitologia
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Silva, Joelma Gardênia Pereira Silva. "Ocorrência de Meloidogyne spp. em diferentes fitofisionomias do Cerrado e hospedabilidade de plantas nativas a Meloidogyne javanica". reponame:Repositório Institucional da UnB, 2012. http://repositorio.unb.br/handle/10482/10623.

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Dissertação (mestrado)Universidade de Brasília, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Departamento de Fitopatologia, 2012.
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O Cerrado (Savana brasileira) é formado por um mosaico heterogêneo de tipos de vegetação, solo e clima, com grande diversidade biológica. Apesar desta biodiversidade, a fauna nematológica nesse bioma é pouco estudada, principalmente no que se refere aos nematoides do gênero Meloidogyne. O objetivo deste trabalho foi identificar espécies de Meloidogyne presentes em diferentes fitofisionomias de Cerrado do Parque Nacional de Brasília (PNB) e da Fazenda Água Limpa (FAL) no Distrito Federal. Objetivou-se também validar os marcadores SCAR para as diferentes espécies de Meloidogyne associadas à vegetação nativa do Cerrado e verificar a hospedabilidade de plantas nativas do Cerrado a Meloidogyne javanica. Foram realizadas coletas de solo em cinco fitofisionomias de Cerrado,totalizando 125 amostras em cada um dos locais de estudo (PNB e FAL). Tomateiros suscetíveis a várias espécies de Meloidogyne foram cultivados em vasos contendo solo de vegetação nativa do Cerrado e avaliados aos 90 dias após o plantio. A identificação das espécies encontradas foi realizada com base em fenótipos da isoenzima esterase e por marcadores moleculares. Das 125 amostras de solo coletadas no PNB, 9 (7,2 %) estavam infestadas e na FAL das 125 amostras coletadas, 48 (38,4 %) apresentaram os nematoides de galhas. De modo geral, foram detectadas 66 populações de Meloidogyne pertencentes a cinco espécies: M. javanica (75,76 %), M. incognita (10,60 %), M. hapla (9,1 %), M. morocciensis (3,03 %) e M. arenaria (1,51 %). Os pares de primers SCAR incK14F/R, F/Rar, F/Rjav e F/Rh amplificaram os fragmentos específicos de M. incognita (399 pb), M. morocciensis (420 pb), M. javanica (670 pb) e M. hapla (610 pb), evidenciando sua especificidade e maior eficiência em detectar misturas de espécies em comparação com a técnica de eletroforese de isoenzimas. Das 17 espécies de plantas nativas testadas quanto à hospedabilidade a M. javanica, apenas Mimosa caesalpiniifolia mostrou ser boa hospedeira com fator de reprodução de 22,73. ______________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACT
Occurrence of Meloidogyne spp. in different physiognomic vegetation of Cerrado, and host suitability of native plants to Meloidogyne javanica Cerrado (Brazilian savannah) is a highly diverse ecosystem composed of a heterogeneous mosaic of vegetation, climates and soils. Despite its biodiversity, there are few studies with nematodes, especially those of the genus Meloidogyne. The objectives of this work were (i) to characterize and identify Meloidogyne species in different physiognomic vegetation of Cerrado located at the National Park (PNB) and Águas Limpas farm (FAL), (ii) to validate SCAR markers for different Meloidogyne spp., found in these sites and (iii) to assess the host Meloidogyne javanica. A total of 125 soil samples in the rhizosphere per area of study (PNB and FAL) were collected in five types of physiognomic vegetation, Soil samples were planted with a susceptible tomato plantlet and evaluated for the presence of root-knot nematodes at 90 days after. Meloidogyne spp. were identified using esterase phenotypes and species-specific SCAR-PCR markers. Nine out of 125 samples from PNB (7.2 %) and 48 (38.4 %) from FAL were infested with Meloidogyne spp. Overall, there were five species of Meloidogyne, including M. javanica (75.76 %), M. incognita (10.60 %), M. hapla (9.1 %), M. morocciensis (3.03 %) and M. arenaria (1.51 %). The SCAR primer pairs incK14F/R, F/Rar, F/Rjav and F/Rh amplified fragments species-specific for M.incognita (399 bp), M. morocciensis (420 bp), M. javanica (670 bp) and M. hapla (610 bp) respectively, and was consistent with the enzymatic phenotypes and more efficient to detected mixed species. Most of the 17 native plant species tested had a reproduction factor (RF) < 1 and only the species Mimosa caesalpiniifolia was considered a good host for M. javanica, with a RF of 22.73.
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Cavalcante, Leite dos Santos Érika. "Estrutura da comunidade meiofaunística de substrato inconsolidade de dois recifes tropicais, com e sem proteção ambiental em Tamandaré (Pernambuco-Brasil)". Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 2010. https://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/1050.

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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico
O objetivo deste trabalho foi conhecer a estrutura de comunidade da meiofauna de substrato inconsolidado em ambiente recifal, suas interações com fatores ambientais e relacionála com a proteção ambiental e a influência do recife sobre a mesma. Foram feitas coletas nos meses de abril e setembro de 2008, dentro e fora de uma área de proteção ambiental. As duas áreas são compostas por areia grossa, com baixo teor de matéria orgânica. Foram encontrados 15 táxons da meiofauna, 56 gêneros de Nematoda e 18 gêneros de Polychaeta. A meiofauna apresentou diversidade foi maior na área protegida e na área mais afastada do recife, sendo estes resultados significativos. Os Nematoda não apresentaram diferença significativa de diversidade entre as áreas, tanto em relação a proteção quanto em relação ao afastatamento do recife. Os Polychaeta também não apresentou diferença significativa na diversidade entre as áreas comparadas, apesar da riqueza ser significativamente maior na área mais afastada do recife. As diferenças encontradas em relação aos parâmetros sedimentológicos e em relação aos parâmetros de estrutura biológica foram pequenas, indicando que algum fator foi subestimado teria influencia maior que os parâmetros aferidos. Ainda assim a influencia do recife sobre a comunidade foi claramente constatada, existindo ainda a necessidade de mais estudos, tanto em termos de variabilidade espacial, como em relação aos estudos de comunidade e os efeitos de cadeia sobre elas
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Cardoso, Cristina Perito [UNESP]. "Comparação da resistência natural a endoparasitas e ectoparasitas em bovinos das raças Criola Lageana e Angus". Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/101464.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
Este trabalho foi desenvolvido com o objetivo de avaliar a resistência natural aos endoparasitas e ectoparasitas em bovinos da raça Crioula Lageana e meio-sangue Angus. Foram utilizados 10 machos castrados em cada grupo, desmamados (6-8 meses), mantidos juntos em pastagens cultivadas no município de Monte Castelo – SC. A cada 28 dias, fêmeas de carrapatos com tamanho acima de 4 mm foram quantificadas nos lados direito e esquerdo do corpo de cada animal. O mesmo foi feito para nódulos de Dermatobia hominis. A espessura da capa do pelame foi também avaliada a cada coleta e os animais foram classificados quanto à coloração do pelame. Foram coletadas amostras de fezes para realização de exames coproparasitológicos e de sangue para quantificação de anticorpos, bem como realizada a pesagem dos animais nessas mesmas ocasiões. Os animais foram abatidos e deles coletadas alíquotas dos conteúdos gastrintestinais para contagem e identificação dos parasitas. Os animais da raça Crioula Lageana apresentaram menores infestações por larvas de D. hominis e Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus. Não houve diferença entre a disposição de carrapatos e bernes conforme os lados do corpo. Os animais de pelagem escura foram mais susceptíveis aos ectoparasitas. Não houve diferença significativa na carga parasitária entre animais da raça Crioula Lageana e meio-sangue Angus. A partir dos 18 meses de idade os animais de ambas as raças mantiveram baixos valores de OPG, dados que sugerem a aquisição de imunidade contra as infecções por nematódeos devido aos constantes desafios
This study was carried out to evaluate the natural breed resistance against nematode infections and ectoparasites infestations in Crioulo Lageano and crossbred Angus male calves. Ten weaned calves (6-8 months) were used in each group and were kept together in winter and summer pastures in Monte Castelo, Santa Catarina State. Every 28 days, female ticks more then 4 mm long were counted on the right and left side of the body of each animal, as well as the Dermatobia hominis nodules. Coat thickness also was measured at each sampling and all animals were classified according coat color. Fecal and blood samples were collected for parasitological and immunological tests. Body weight was recorded in the same occasion. All animals were slaughtered and gastrointestinal contents were collected from each individual for quantification and identification of parasites. Crioulo Lageano group was less infested by D. hominis and by Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus. There were no differences in the distribution of the ticks and grubs between animal body sides. Dark-haired animal in both groups were the most susceptible. There were no significant differences in worm burden between the Crioula and crossbred Angus groups. From 18 months of age, Crioula Lageana and crossbred Angus animals kept low fecal egg counts. These data suggest that the animals acquired immunity resistance against nematode infections, due to constant challenges
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Yaginuma, Luciana Erika. "Os Nematoda da plataforma continental ao largo do sistema estuarino de Santos". Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/21/21131/tde-27072011-153347/.

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A fim de avaliar a influência do sistema estuarino de Santos sobre os Nematoda da plataforma continental adjacente, a densidade, composição genérica e diversidade desse grupo foram analisadas e relacionadas com o tipo de sedimento, teor de matéria orgânica e biomassa de fitopigmentos. Para isso, o sedimento foi coletado em seis estações, no inverno/2005 e verão/2006, com um amostrador do tipo box-corer, do qual foram retiradas amostras para a meiofauna com um tubo de 4,9 cm2 de área superficial e 10 cm de altura. Os Nematoda representaram mais de 95% da meiofauna, com densidades médias de 2472±1794 ind.10cm-2 no inverno/2005 e de 2606±2017 ind.10cm-2 no verão/2006. A influência do sistema estuarino de Santos restringiu-se às áreas na saída da baía de Santos e do canal de Bertioga e deu-se através do aporte de sedimentos finos e de matéria orgânica, que foi mais evidente no verão devido à maior pluviosidade. Nessas áreas foram observadas menores densidades e maior abundância de gêneros depositívoros, como Sabatieria e Terschellingia e da família Xyalidae. Nas outras estações rasas com sedimento arenoso, bem selecionado e com biomassa de clorofila-a relativamente alta, as densidades foram as mais altas e predominaram Chromadorita e Microlaimus, herbívoros/comedores de epistrato. Nas estações mais profundas, com sedimento mais finos, a densidade e diversidade foram menores e Sabatieria foi dominante. Portanto, além do sistema estuarino, a profundidade e o hidrodinamismo local, que determinam as condições sedimentares e tróficas, foram fatores importantes para as associações dos Nematoda.
To assess the influence of Santos estuarine system on the nematodes of the adjacent continental shelf, the density, composition and generic diversity of this group were analyzed and related to the sediment type, organic matter content and phytopigments biomass. The sediment was collected at six stations, in the winter of 2005 and summer of 2006, with a box-corer from which meiofauna samples were taken with a 4.9 cm2 superficial area and 10 cm height corer. Nematodes represented more than 95% of the total meiofauna, and their average densities were 2,472±1,794 ind.10cm-2 in the winter/2005 and 2,606±2,017 ind.10cm-2 in the summer/2006. The influence of Santos estuarine system was restricted to the closest areas to Santos bay and Bertioga channel and it was observed through the contribution of fine sediments and organic matter, which was more evident in the summer due to higher rainfall. In these areas, lower nematodes densities were found as higher abundance of deposit feeders genera, like Sabatieria and Terschellingia, and from the Xyalidae family. In the other shallow stations with well sorted sands and relatively high chlorophyll-a biomasses, densities were the highest and Chromadorita and Microlaimus, herbivorous/epistrate feeders, were predominant. In the deepest stations with finer sediments, the densities and diversities were the lowest and Sabatieria was dominant. Therefore, apart from the estuarine system, the depth and local hydrodynamics, which determines the sediment and trophic conditions, were important factors for the nematodes assemblages.
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Hrabok, Jackie T. "Nematode parasites of reindeer in Fennoscandia : population dynamics, anthelmintic control and its environmental impact /". Uppsala : Dept. of Biomedical Sciences and Veterinary Public Health, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2006. http://epsilon.slu.se/200689.pdf.

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Kubo, Roberto Kazuhiro 1960. "Ocorrência de Pratylenchus spp. em cafezais do Estado de São Paulo e efeito de Pratylenchus coffeae no crescimento e fotossíntese de Coffea arabica /". Botucatu : [s.n.], 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/105435.

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Orientador: Mário Massayuki Inomoto
Resumo: Amostras de solo e raízes foram coletadas em plantações de café no estado de São Paulo, com o objetivo de determinar a importância e a ocorrência dos nematóides das lesões na cultura do café. A espécie de Pratylenchus mais freqüente foi P. brachyurus (solo: 13,2 %; raízes: 18,3 %), mas geralmente em baixas densidades. O nematóide das lesões do café, P. coffeae, ocorreu em 5,1 % das amostras de raízes, mas em altas densidades e causando mais danos do que a primeira espécie. Outra espécie, P. vulnus, foi encontrada somente em uma localidade. Este é o primeiro relato de P. vulnus em café. Outros fitonematóides identificados nas amostras foram: Xiphinema brevicolle, Xiphinema sp., Paratrichodorus minor, Paratrichodorus sp., ...(Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: Soil and root samples were collected from coffee plantations in the state of São Paulo, in order to determine the occurrence and importance of lesion nematodes in coffee culture. The most frequent species of Pratylenchus was P. brachyurus (soil: 13,2 %; roots: 18,3 %), but generally in low densities. The coffee lesion nematode, P. coffeae, occurred in 5,1 % of root samples, but in higher densities and causing more damage than the former species. Other species, P. vulnus, was found in one single locality. This is the first report of P. vulnus on coffee. Other phytonematodes identified in the survey were: Xiphinema brevicolle, Xiphinema sp., Paratrichodorus minor, Paratrichodorus sp., Tylenchorhynchus sp., Helicotylenchus dihystera, H. californicus, H. erythrinae, Helicotylenchus sp., Scutellonema sp., Rotylenchulus reniformis, Meloidogyne exigua, M. incognita, M. coffeicola, Meloidogyne sp, Criconemella onoensis, C. ornata, C. sphaerocephala, Criconemella sp., Hemicriconemoides strictathecatus, and Paratylenchus sp. ...(Complete abstract, click electronic access below)
Doutor
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Lun, Hoi-man. "Characterization and molecular cloning of proteinases of Trichinella spiralis (Nematoda) /". Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2001. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B23621989.

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Clease, Derek Fraser. "Evolutionary divergence in Philonema (Nematoda; Philometridae) parasites of B.C. salmonids". Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/28942.

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Philonema (Nematoda; Philometridae) from anadromous hosts, sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka), and non-anadromous hosts, rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) , were studied in order to determine if hosts with different life histories were infected with the same or different species of Philonema. Worms from the two host species were morphologically indistinguishable. However, electrophoretic banding patterns produced by restriction enzyme digestion of DNA extracted from Philonema demonstrated the presence of two genetic types corresponding to the two host species. This supports the idea that at least two species of Philonema are endemic in British Columbia. Philonema oncorhynchi Kuitunen-Ekbaum, 1933 is a parasite of sockeye salmon which undergo a long ocean migration before returning to freshwater to spawn, while P. agubernaculum Simon and Simon, 1936 is a parasite of rainbow trout (and other salmonids) which live in lakes. Kokanee (O. nerka kennerlyi), a non-anadromous offshoot of sockeye, were infected with the same worm as sockeye probably because the two hosts have similar life histories. Steelhead smolts, anadromous O. mykiss, contained worms identified as P. agubernaculum. This likely represented an accidental infection because steelhead do not usually contact Philonema. Philonema were examined from various localities in B.C. Philonema agubernaculum showed population divergence corresponding to the different geographic localities from which it was collected. This likely reflects the isolation of these parasite populations in unconnected watersheds. Philonema oncorhynchi showed polymorphisms spread throughout many of the populations. The lack of population divergence probably results from gene flow between parasite populations brought about by wandering hosts.
Science, Faculty of
Zoology, Department of
Graduate
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范黎 i Li Fan. "Characterization of excretory/secretory products of trichinella spiralis (Nematoda : Trichinelloidea)". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1993. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31211434.

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倫皚文 i Hoi-man Lun. "Characterization and molecular cloning of proteinases of Trichinella spiralis (Nematoda)". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2001. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31226462.

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Oliveira, Nilvea Ramalho de. "Diplolaimella dievengatensis (Nematoda: Monhysteridae) as model organism in ecotoxicity assay". Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/41/41135/tde-12122017-170455/.

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Free-living marine nematodes are the most ubiquitous, abundant and diverse meiofaunal component of benthic communities. These are excellent model organisms, due to its short life span, wide availability and feasibility to cultivate with minimum laboratory facilities. In this study, a population of Diplolaimella dievengatensis Jacobs 1991 (Nematoda, Monhysteridae) from the relatively Pristine estuary of the Guaratuba River in São Paulo, Brazil was isolated and cultivated. The goals were; i- to apply an integrative taxonomic approach in order to compare this population from Brazil with another from the species type-locality in the Belgian Coast, with regard to morphological, life-cycle and the 18S gene of the rDNA molecular data; and ii- to compare, at the light of life history theory, the responses of life history parameters such as; fecundity, growth and survivorship of D. dievengatensis (here as a slower species) and Litoditis marina (Bastian, 1865) (Nematoda, Rhabditidae) (as a faster species) under sublethal exposition to the sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) surfactant. The population from Brazil was similar to that from Belgium coast in all parameters. Although morphometric analyses considered the Brazilian D. dievengatensis isometrically larger than the Belgian population regarding some characters, the presence of all diagnostic characters confirmed the similarity of both species. The life-cycle, hatching time, final body length, and biomass parameters were similar in both populations, in which females were larger than males. The population growth, measured as intrinsic rate of natural increase was slightly higher for the D. dievengatensis from Brazil (rm=0.41), than the European population (rm =0.348). Molecular comparison on Genbank showed 99.4% of similarity between both populations, indicating therefore, that D. dievengatensis from Brazil is similar to those from Belgium. In the chapter ii, both species responded differently to SDS exposition. Growth and reproduction rate of D. dievengatensis surprisingly were enhanced at low and intermediate concentrations of SDS (0.001 and 0.003%), while for L. marina these parameters were reduced in all SDS concentrations tested (0.001, 0.003 and 0.006%). The SDS did not affect the survivorship of adults of the slower specie. On the other hand, survivorship of adults of the fast species was significantly affected by SDS and this effect was dependent on adult gender, with reduced rates of males exposed to 0.006% SDS. Although both species are located nearby along the fast-slow continuum, they responded distinctly to of the toxic SDS effect. Effects over L. marina met the trend of faster species in allocating fewer investments in defenses against physiological injuries and on their own somatic maintenance. We propose that the apparent lower resistance of this faster species under stress at the individual level is balanced by their higher reproductive rates, conferring higher resilience to this species at the population level. Finally, it was demonstrated that the marine nematode D. dievengatensis is an important native model organism which can be used in a wide range of studies and experimental tests. Identifying and understanding differential effects of stress in the context of life-history theory is an important aspect which enhanced our understanding about the threats posed by anthropogenic activities on natural communities
Nematodas marinhos de vida livre são o mais onipresentes, abundantes e diversos componentes da meiofauna em comunidades bênticas. São excelentes organismos modelo devido a seu curto ciclo de vida, ampla disponibilidade e viabilidade de cultivo com mínima estrutura laboratorial. Neste estudo, uma população de Diplolaimella dievengatensis Jacobs 1991 (Nematoda, Monhysteridae) do estuário relativamente prístino do rio Guaratuba, São Paulo, Brasil foi isolada e cultivada. Os objetivos foram: ii- aplicar uma abordagem taxonômica integrativa a fim de comparar esta população do Brasil com outra da localidade tipo dessa espécie, da costa da Bélgica, com relação à dados morfológicos, do ciclo de vida e molecular do gene 18S do rDNA; e ii-comparar, à luz da teoria da historia de vida, repostas de parâmetros do ciclo de vida tais como: fecundidade, crescimento e sobrevivência de D. dievengatensis (aqui como espécies mais lenta) e Litoditis marina (Bastian, 1865) (Nematoda, Rhabditidae) (como espécie rápida) sob exposição subletal ao surfactante dodecil sulfato de sódio (DSS) . A população do Brasil foi similar a da costa da Bélgica em todos os parâmetros. Embora analises morfométricas consideraram D. dievengatensis do Brasil isometricamente maior que a população belga em relação em algumas características, a presença de todos os caracteres diagnósticos confirmaram a similaridade de ambas as espécies. Os parâmetros de ciclo de vida, tempo de eclosão, comprimento corporal final e biomassa foram similares em ambas as populações, nas quais fêmeas foram maiores que machos. Crescimento populacional, mensurado como taxa intrínseca de crescimento natural foi ligeiramente mais alta para D. dievengatensisdo Brasil (rm=0.41), que para a população europeia (rm=0.348). Comparações moleculares no Genbank mostraram 99.4% de similaridade entre ambas populações, indicando portanto que a população do Brasil é similar a D. dievengatensis belga. No capítulo ii, ambas as espécies responderam distintamente a exposição ao SDS. Supreendentemente as taxas de crescimento e de reprodução de D. dievengatensis foram incrementadas sob concentrações mais baixas e intermediárias (0.001 e 0.003%), enquanto para L. marina esses parâmetros foram reduzidos em todas as concentrações de DSS testadas (0.001, 0.003 e 0.006%). O DSS não afetou a sobrevivência de adultos da espécie mais lenta. Por outro lado, a sobrevivência de adultos da espécie mais rápida foi significativamente afetada pelo SDS e esse efeito foi dependente do sexo, com taxas reduzidas em machos expostos a 0.006 % de DSS. Embora ambas as espécies estejam proximamente dispostas ao longo do gradiente \"rápido-lento\", elas responderam diferentemente ao efeito tóxico do DSS. Efeitos sobre L marina se enquadram no padrão de espécies mais rápidas ao alocar menores investimentos para as defesas contra danos fisiológicos e para sua própria manutenção somática. Nós propomos que a aparente menor resistência desta espécie rápida sob estresse ao nível individual é balanceada por suas altas taxas reprodutivas, conferindo mais alta resiliência a essa espécie ao nível populacional. Por fim, foi demonstrado que D. dievengatensis é um importante organismo modelo nativo que pode ser usado em uma ampla diversidade estudos e testes experimentais. Identificar e compreender diferentes efeitos do estresse dentro do contexto da teoria da história de vida é um aspecto importante, o qual tem aumentado nosso conhecimento sobre as ameaças de atividades antropogênicas sobre comunidades naturais
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