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Jensen-Hart, Staci J., Jeff Christensen, Lacey Dutka i J. Corey Leishman. "Child Parent Relationship Training (CPRT): Enhancing Parent-child Relationships for Military Families". Advances in Social Work 13, nr 1 (30.03.2012): 51–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.18060/1881.
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Military families experience increased stress when facing issues of deployment, separation, and reunification. The increased stress impacts the parent-child relationship as well as child behavioral and emotional well-being. Although recognizing the resiliency of military families, research points to the need to monitor parental stress both pre- and post-deployment and highlights the inherent risks that separation and reunification pose for the parent-child relationship bond. This pilot study was designed to explore the effectiveness of the Child Parent Relationship Therapy (CPRT) Training Model as a proactive method of enhancing parent-child relationships, reducing parental stress, and preventing negative impact of military separations on children.
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HOBART, CHARLES. "Parent-Child Relations in Remarried Families". Journal of Family Issues 8, nr 3 (wrzesień 1987): 259–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/019251387008003001.
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Data for this study are from simultaneous, independent interviews with husbands and wives in 232 remarried and 102 first-married families. Information was collected on husbands' and wives' relationships with various categories of (step)children and on effects of these various relationships on spousal relations. Findings may be summarized as indicating that in remarried families there are “first-class” (shared) children, “second-class” (wive's unshared) children, and “third-class” (husbands' unshared) children. Each “class” experiences qualitatively distinctive relationships with (step)parents, and these various relationships have differing positive and negative effects on spousal relationships.
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Yoo, Jieun. "Relationships between Korean parents’ marital satisfaction, parental satisfaction, and parent–child relationship quality". Journal of Social and Personal Relationships 37, nr 7 (1.05.2020): 2270–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0265407520921462.
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Research about parental marital satisfaction and parent–child relationships is well established, but the effects of marital satisfaction on parental satisfaction require more explanation in a Korean sample. In total, 2,070 participants (51.0% mothers, 49.0% fathers) from a nationally representative sample of Korean people were selected from the 2015 Fact-Finding Survey in Families, and structural equation modeling was performed to examine the relationships between marital satisfaction, parent–child relational quality, and parental satisfaction. In support of the spillover hypothesis, marital satisfaction was significantly correlated with parental satisfaction and affected it directly and indirectly via positive and negative parent–child relationship quality. In addition, mediational pathways differed according to sex. The implications of the findings and directions for future research were discussed.
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Zhen, Rui, Ru-De Liu, Wei Hong i Xiao Zhou. "How do Interpersonal Relationships Relieve Adolescents’ Problematic Mobile Phone Use? The Roles of Loneliness and Motivation to Use Mobile Phones". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, nr 13 (28.06.2019): 2286. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16132286.
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The current study aimed to explore the underlying mechanisms of how interpersonal relationships relieve adolescents’ problematic mobile phone use (PMPU) and to examine the potential mediating roles of loneliness and motivation to use mobile phones. Four thousand five hundred and nine middle school students from four provinces in China were recruited to participate in the investigation. The results showed that the parent–child relationship but not the teacher–student relationship, had a direct and negative effect on PMPU. The parent–child relationship had indirect effects on PMPU through the mediators of loneliness, escape motivation and relationship motivation; the teacher–student relationship had indirect effects on PMPU only through the mediating factors of loneliness and escape motivation. Both parent–child and teacher–student relationships indirectly affected PMPU through a two-step path from loneliness to escape motivation. These findings highlight the more salient role of the parent–child relationship than that of the teacher–student relationship in directly alleviating PMPU and indicate that satisfying interpersonal relationships can buffer adolescents’ PMPU by lowering their loneliness and motivation to use mobile phones.
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Baba, Ayako. "HOW DOES PARENT-CHILD RELATIONSHIP AFFECT CARE? FOCUSING ON MOTHER-DAUGHTER CAREGIVING". Innovation in Aging 3, Supplement_1 (listopad 2019): S895. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igz038.3273.
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Abstract OBJECTIVE: Long-term caregiver (child)/care-recipient (parent) relationships have both positive and negative effects on care. However, the mechanism of that impact is unclear. This study aimed to explore how parent–child relationships affect care and which aspects cause those effects. METHOD: Five hundred thirty-four adult children who were caring for or had cared for their parents at home completed the scales of parent–child psychological independence, the acceptance of care, care attitude, and care burden. Data were analyzed using a pass analysis with multiple group structural equation modeling to identify the relationship between parent–child psychological independence, acceptance of care, care attitude, and care burden, and the care dyad difference of the models. RESULT: 1) “Reliable relationship with parent” in parent–child psychological independence affected “resignation” and “understanding actively” in acceptance of care. 2) “Psychological individuation from the parent” in parent–child independence affected all subscales of care attitudes. 3) “Resistance” and “understanding actively” in acceptance of care and “auto-pilot” in care attitude affected care burden. 4) In mother–daughter caregiving, “resistance” and “resignation” had stronger effects on “auto-pilot” whereas “utilization of resource” and “flexible response” in care attitude and “resistance” had weaker effects on care burden. CONCLUSION: The relationship between long-term parent–child relationship and care were revealed. In some points, daughters who were caring for or had cared for their mothers had a different model from other care dyads. These results suggest that child caregivers should be supported mentally in accordance to their difficult points and dyads.
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SAKHAROVA, Tatiana, Inna ZHURAVLEVA i Maria BATAEVA. "Representations of Family Concept in Senior Preschool Age Children". Main Issues Of Pedagogy And Psychology 19, nr 1 (19.04.2021): 45–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.24234/miopap.v19i1.392.
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Peculiarities of representations of family concept in senior preschool-age children are considered in the article. The authors of the article define representations as a certain vision of the world and relationships in it that help an individual to adapt to the world around him. According to the authors, the style of child-parent relations has an impact on the formation of a child’s ideas about family. As a result of empiric research, the authors come to the conclusion that the personality-centred style of child-parent relationship fosters ideas of positive family relations in senior preschool-age children. The tolerant type of child-parent relations determines the formation of the concept of neutral family relations in older preschool children. The ego-isolated style of child-parent relationships contributes to the formation of negative ideas about family relationships in senior preschool children. The empirical research has shown the predominance of ideas about positive family relationships in senior preschool children. In general, children of senior preschool age include family members, people and animals who live together with the child in the representation of the family, describe joint recreation and pastime, note the care of themselves as a child and characterize the features of emotional relationships between themselves and other family members. All three types of family concepts’ representations are manifested both in boys and girls. It is possible to trace the tendency of the predominance of ideas about negative family relations in boys, the predominance of ideas about neutral family relations in girls of senior preschool age.
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Sari, Nourmarifa, i Siti Rohmah Nurhayati. "Parent and child relations in the perspective of adolescents with Juvenile delinquency". Psychological Research and Intervention 2, nr 1 (26.11.2019): 36–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.21831/pri.v2i1.28058.
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This study aims to determine the relationship between parents and children in the perspective of adolescents with juvenile deliquency. This study uses qualitative methods with a phenomenological approach. The research subjects were two boys aged 16-20 years who had a delinquency scale score ≥17. In addition, the researcher uses the Theunnisen Delinquency Scale, as a deliquency scale, which has been translated and adjusted to the current conditions in Indonesia. As the result, it can be showed that relations according to adolescents with risky behavior were the existence of positive and negative relations. Positive relationships such as nurturing, transmitting values, closeness, attention, and togetherness. Negative relationships such as lack of support, lack of understanding, communication errors between parents and children, and conflicts that are not accompanied by good conflict management.
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Totsika, Vasiliki, Richard Patrick Hastings, Dimitrios Vagenas i Eric Emerson. "Parenting and the Behavior Problems of Young Children With an Intellectual Disability: Concurrent and Longitudinal Relationships in a Population-Based Study". American Journal on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities 119, nr 5 (1.09.2014): 422–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1352/1944-7558-119.5.422.
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Abstract We examined parenting behaviors, and their association with concurrent and later child behavior problems. Children with an intellectual disability (ID) were identified from a UK birth cohort (N = 516 at age 5). Compared to parents of children without an ID, parents of children with an ID used discipline less frequently, but reported a more negative relationship with their child. Among children with an ID, discipline, and home atmosphere had no long-term association with behavior problems, whereas relationship quality did: closer relationships were associated with fewer concurrent and later child behavior problems. Increased parent-child conflict was associated with greater concurrent and later behavior problems. Parenting programs in ID could target parent-child relationship quality as a potential mediator of behavioral improvements in children.
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Cooper, Myra J., i Eliane Young. "Parental Bonding and Body Mass Index in a Female Community Sample: The Mediating Role of Eating Disorder Thoughts and Core Beliefs". Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy 44, nr 1 (11.03.2015): 123–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1352465815000053.
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Background: It is likely that disrupted early parent-child relationships, eating disorder related cognitions and negative self-beliefs are relevant to some women who are overweight/obese. Aims: This study tested the hypotheses that disrupted parent-child relationships would be linked to higher body mass index (BMI) and that this relationship would then be mediated by cognition. Method: A group of women were recruited from the community and completed measures of eating disorder (ED) thoughts, negative self-beliefs, and parental bonding. Individual body mass indices (BMIs) were calculated. Results: One hundred and eighteen women completed the study. There was a relationship between parental bonding and higher BMI. As hypothesized, the relationship between parental bonding (as measured by maternal care, and paternal overprotection) and BMI appeared to be mediated by a range of ED thoughts, and some negative self-beliefs. Conclusion: The cognitions measured here, both ED related cognitions and negative self-beliefs, may be a useful target when considering psychological treatment for women who are overweight or obese.
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Brock, Rebecca L., i Grazyna Kochanska. "Anger in infancy and its implications: History of attachment in mother–child and father–child relationships as a moderator of risk". Development and Psychopathology 31, nr 04 (26.10.2018): 1353–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954579418000780.
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AbstractGrowing research has documented distinct developmental sequelae in insecure and secure parent–child relationships, supporting a model of early attachment as moderating future developmental processes rather than, or in addition to, a source of direct effects. We explored maladaptive developmental implications of infants’ anger proneness in 102 community families. Anger was assessed in infancy through observations in the Car Seat episode and parents’ ratings. Children's security with parents was assessed in the Strange Situation paradigm at 15 months. At preschool age, child negativity (defiance and negative affect) was observed in interactions with the parent, and at early school age, oppositionality was rated by parents and teachers. Security was unrelated to infant anger; however, it moderated associations between infant anger and future maladaptive outcomes, such that highly angry infants embarked on a negative trajectory in insecure, but not in secure, parent–child dyads. For insecure, but not secure, mother–child dyads, infants’ mother-rated anger predicted negativity at preschool age. For insecure, but not secure, father–child dyads, infants’ anger in the Car Seat predicted father- and teacher-rated oppositional behavior at early school age. Results highlight the developmentally complex nature of the impact of attachment, depending on the relationship with mother versus father, type of measure, and timing of effects.
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Safuanov, F. S., i S. S. Kulakov. "Dependence of the Family Conflict Structure on the Personal Characteristics of Parents, Participants in Disputes About the Upbringing and Residence of the Child". Клиническая и специальная психология 7, nr 4 (2018): 100–116. http://dx.doi.org/10.17759/cpse.2018070406.
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A retrospective psychological analysis of materials of 102 civil matters (comprehensive judicial psychological-psychiatric examination, CJPPE) on judicial dispute about raising a child in case of separation of parents (53 fathers and 49 mothers) made it possible to identify the relationship between the individual psychological characteristics of parents and the structure of family conflict, as well as features of child-parent relationships. Revealed that the features of personal maturity in both sexes were positive and prognostically favorable both in terms of overcoming the negative effects of a divorce and in terms of preserving harmonious parent-child relationships. Negative and prognostically unfavorable predispositions can be attributed to demonstrative traits in parents of both sexes and a tendency toward affective rigidity in men. Parents with traits of personal immaturity constituted a separate group that did not intersect with carriers of other personality traits, and in general reflected the problem of unpreparedness for marriage and family relations.
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Buist, Kirsten L., Marjolein Verhoeven, René Hoksbergen, Jan ter Laak, Sujala Watve i Analpa Paranjpe. "Associations of Perceived Sibling and Parent-Child Relationship Quality With Internalizing and Externalizing Problems: Comparing Indian and Dutch Early Adolescents". Journal of Early Adolescence 37, nr 8 (9.06.2016): 1163–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0272431616653473.
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The aims of the present study were (a) to examine whether Dutch and Indian early adolescents differ concerning sibling and parent-child relationship quality and externalizing and internalizing problems, and (b) to compare the associations between sibling and parent-child relationship quality and externalizing and internalizing problems for Indian and Dutch early adolescents. Our sample consisted of 274 Dutch (mean age = 10.9 years) and 236 Indian early adolescents (mean age = 10.8 years). Questionnaires were administered in the final grades of 15 Dutch primary schools and six Indian English-language middle schools. Indian early adolescents reported more sibling warmth and parental negative interaction than Dutch early adolescents. However, associations between sibling and parent-child relationship quality and externalizing and internalizing problems were similar. Our study indicates that cross-cultural differences may exist in quality of sibling and parent-child relationships, but not in their impact on externalizing and internalizing problems. More cross-cultural research concerning family relationship quality and its impact on early adolescent psychosocial development is needed to confirm our findings.
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Sadeghi, Saeid, Hamid Reza Pouretemad, Reza Khosrowabadi, Jalil Fathabadi i Sedighe Nikbakht. "Effects of parent–child interaction training on children who are excessively exposed to digital devices: A pilot study". International Journal of Psychiatry in Medicine 54, nr 6 (29.04.2019): 408–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0091217419837070.
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Objective In the last decade, the use of digital devices among children has increased. This study examines the effects of parent–child interaction training on the amount of time children use digital devices, conflict and closeness in parent–child relationships, executive functions, and the electroencephalogram absolute power in children who excessively use the digital devices. Method The sample group consisted of 12 children (24 to 47 months) who spent more than half of their waking hours using digital devices. Parents were trained to intensive interaction with the child for two months. Electroencephalogram absolute power, parent–child interaction, the amount of time children use digital devices, and children’s executive function skills were assessed. Results Parent–child intensive interaction reduces the use of digital devices; decrease the conflicts and increase the closeness in parent–child relationships; decrease executive functioning problems; and increase the absolute power of alpha and alpha 2 (F3), beta 1 (F3), and beta and beta 2 (F3, Fp2). Conclusion These findings provide evidence of the negative effects of the excessive use of digital devices in children, the importance of parent–child interaction, and its positive impacts on cognitive and brain functions in children. It might contribute to better understand the importance of parent–child interaction in the early years.
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O’Mara, Cailin, i Paul Schrodt. "Negative Parental Disclosures as Mediators of Coparental Communication and Relational Outcomes in Parent-Child Relationships". Journal of Family Communication 17, nr 2 (marzec 2017): 169–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15267431.2017.1284071.
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Rogers, Mary Moussa, i Cliff McKinney. "Parent–Child Relationship Quality and Internalizing Problems as Predictors of Risky Sexual Behavior". Journal of Family Issues 40, nr 12 (19.04.2019): 1656–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0192513x19843156.
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Risky sexual behavior is more prevalent in emerging adult populations and emerging adults engaging in risky sexual behavior also may be experiencing higher levels of internalizing problems. Parents and their relationships with their children maintain relevance in emerging adulthood and may decrease negative outcomes. Thus, the current study examined whether parent–child relationship quality decreased the likelihood of risky sexual behavior via internalizing problems and examined gender dyads between parents and children. Participants included 502 emerging adults (172 males and 330 females) ranging in age from 18 to 25 years. Structural equation modeling analyses were conducted and indicated that internalizing problems mediated the relationship between parent (both paternal and maternal)–child relationship quality and risky sexual behavior for both males and females. Maternal–child relationship quality predicted lower internalizing problems more strongly for males than for females, suggesting moderated mediation. Thus, both mothers’ and fathers’ relationship with their children may affect risky sexual behavior indirectly via internalizing problems.
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Field, Andy P., Jess E. Ball, Nicola J. Kawycz i Harriett Moore. "Parent-Child Relationships and the Verbal Information Pathway to Fear in Children: Two Preliminary Experiments". Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy 35, nr 4 (23.05.2007): 473–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1352465807003736.
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Parenting styles and the parent-child bond are associated with anxiety in children. Despite this association, little is known about the mechanism through which parenting has its effect. One possibility is that parenting interacts with other known pathways to fear. Two experiments are reported that look at the interaction between parenting styles and parent-child relationships and the verbal information pathway to fear. In Experiment 1, a punitive maternal parenting style was found to interact with the effect of threat information about a novel animal in 6–9-year-old children. Maternal warmth, neglect, overprotection and accurate monitoring were not found to have a significant effect. Experiment 2 showed that children reporting a greater number of negative interactions with their fathers had greater increases in fear beliefs about novel animals after both threat and no information. The quality of mother-child relationships did not significantly interact with the verbal information pathway. These experiments offer preliminary evidence that parenting practices influence how children react to negative information, which offers some insight into the potential causes of the association between parenting and anxiety in children.
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Abbas, Randa, Sherri P. Pataki, Vered Vaknin-Nusbaum i Salman Ilaiyan. "What Do They Want From My Life? Parent-Child Relationships as Perceived by Druze Adolescents in Israel". Journal of Adolescent Research 34, nr 3 (24.03.2018): 261–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0743558418764088.
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This research examined Druze adolescents’ perception of their relationships with parents in Israel. Israeli Druze is a small group accounting for only 2% of Israel’s population. The Druze society is patriarchal; it demands absolute loyalty to the values of religion, family, and clan. Our goal was to explore the impact of increasing intercultural contact with modern Israeli society and the outside world on parent-child relationships in a traditional society that demands absolute loyalty and obedience to elders. The researchers used the phenomenological approach to understand parent-child relationships from the perspective of the adolescents themselves. Twelve Druze adolescents, six females and six males ranging in age from 16 to 18, completed a semi-structured interview in which they were asked to describe their relationships with parents. Participants were prompted to describe a recent conflict, if any, and the way in which the conflict was resolved, as well as a positive and a negative interaction with parents in the past year. Thematic analyses revealed intergenerational conflict related to perceived acculturation gaps. Other consistent themes portrayed supportive parent-child relationships and the adolescents’ commitment to Druze heritage. Overall, findings suggest that although increasing exposure to modern society may lead to intergenerational conflict, Druze adolescents remained grounded in supportive family relationships and their religious heritage.
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Seo, Hye Rin, Hyun Seok Jung, Da Seul Jung, Jeong Won Choi i So Hye Jo. "Acute Impact of the Coronavirus Disease Outbreak on Behavioral Patterns and Emotional States of Pediatric Psychiatric Patients and Caregivers in Daegu, South Korea". Psychiatry Investigation 18, nr 9 (25.09.2021): 913–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.30773/pi.2021.0127.
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Objective This study aimed to investigate the changes in interpersonal relationships, behavioral patterns, and emotional states of children and adolescents with psychiatric disorders and their caregivers immediately after the coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak in Daegu, South Korea.Methods A total of 147 patients and 147 caregivers participated in the Survey for Outing and Time Usage for Child, Adolescent, and Parents and the COVID-19 Visual Analog Scale for Emotion. We classified the patients and their caregivers into the internalizing disorder (ID) and externalizing disorder (ED) groups and compared the changes.Results Parent–child relationships for adolescent patients and caregivers were interrupted, and friend relationships in all participants were disrupted, while sibling relationships improved in adolescent patients. They experienced negative emotional changes. Time spent outdoor decreased and digital screen time increased for all participants. Friend and parent–child relationships were interrupted in the ED group compared to those in the ID group. ED patients experienced negative changes in emotional states, while ID patients showed no significant changes.Conclusion Results are meaningful as a reference for predicting changes in interpersonal relationships and mental status of pediatric psychiatric patients and for determining healthcare system adaptations to allow mental health support during the COVID-19 outbreak.
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Schrodt, Paul, i Tamara D. Afifi. "Untying the Ties That Bind: Dispositional and Relational Patterns of Negative Relational Disclosures and Family Members’ Feelings of Being Caught". Journal of Family Issues 39, nr 7 (7.11.2017): 1962–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0192513x17739050.
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This study examined the associations among family members’ reports of negative relational disclosures and their feelings of being caught. Participants included a mother, father, and young adult child from 170 families. Social relations analyses revealed positive associations between each family member’s actor effect for negative disclosures (i.e., each member’s individual disposition to perceive receiving negative disclosures across all family relationships) and their feelings of being caught between the other two members of the family triad. The child’s actor effect for receiving negative disclosures from parents was positively associated with both parents’ feelings of being caught between their child and spouse. Important patterns of association emerged between unique relationship effects of receiving negative disclosures and family members’ feeling caught. Whereas negative disclosures in parent–child dyads were positively associated with feeling caught (especially for mothers and children), in spousal dyads, they were inversely associated with feeling caught.
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Cullen, Karen Weber, Tom Baranowski, Latroy Rittenberry, Chris Cosart, Emiel Owens, David Hebert i Carl de Moor. "Socioenvironmental influences on children's fruit, juice and vegetable consumption as reported by parents: reliability and validity of measures". Public Health Nutrition 3, nr 3 (wrzesień 2000): 345–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980000000392.
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AbstractObjectiveTo pilot test theory-based questionnaires to measure socioenvironmental influences on children's fruit, juice and vegetable (FJV) consumption as reported by parents.DesignCross-sectional.SettingParents of fourth to sixth grade students completed socioenvironmental questionnaires. The students completed food records (FRs) for 2 days in the classroom.SubjectsInterviews were completed by 109 parents (17% African-American, 32% Hispanic-American and 51 Euro-American).ResultsStudent mean daily FJV intake was 2.1 servings. Principal components analyses revealed subscales measuring positive and negative parenting practices; self-efficacy for modelling and planning/encouraging FJV consumption, and making FJV available; encouraging, consequences and discouraging food socialization practices; negative home, cost and canned/frozen food barriers; meal planning; child shopping; mother food preparation; and child lunch and dinner FJV preparation practices. Internal consistencies were adequate to high. Negative parent practices and negative home FJV barriers were significantly negatively correlated with child FJV consumption variables. Planning/encouraging self-efficacy was positively associated with fruit consumption, and child dinner FJV preparation was significantly negatively correlated with child juice consumption.ConclusionsThese questionnaires may provide important insights about the relationship between parent-reported socioenvironmental influences and children's FJV consumption. Future work should test these questionnaires with larger groups of parents and youths, with more reliable estimates of usual FJV intake, e.g. 7-day food records, to obtain a detailed understanding of how parents influence what children eat. Tests of models of relationships among these variables are warranted, but should control for possible confounding variables, e.g. socioeconomic status, gender of the child, etc
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Burmenskaya, G. V., O. V. Almazova, O. A. Karabanova, E. I. Zakharova, A. G. Dolgikh, S. V. Molchanov i T. Yu Sadovnikova. "Girls’ Emotional and Meaningful Attitude to Motherhood". Консультативная психология и психотерапия 26, nr 4 (2018): 46–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.17759/cpp.2018260404.
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We carried out the conditions analysis of the development of emotional and meaningful attitude to motherhood among student-age girls in connection with low fertility and ambiguous attitude of young people to parenting — a pressing problem in present-day Russia. The presented results of the empirical study (N=230) identify five types of girls ‘ attitude to motherhood and show their relationship with the peculiarities of parent-child interaction in the parent family. The unfavorable tendency of negative and ambivalent attitude to motherhood was revealed in a significant part of the sample. The formation of positive emotional and meaningful attitudes towards the birth of children in girls is facilitated by parental acceptance, cooperation, closeness, consent, as well as the authority of parents and satisfaction with relations with them. Disharmonious child-parent relationships are more often found in girls that reject a mother’s role. The role of a sibling position is considered, as well as a factor of girls’ living together with parents or separately.
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Buysse, Ann. "Ouderverstoting Over tussenkomen in familiezaken en in familierelaties : complexe dynamieken tussen ouders en kinderen (na scheiding)". Relaties en Nieuwe Gezinnen 6, nr 1 (31.03.2016): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.21825/reng.v6i1.18259.
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Bij gezinstransities moeten grenzen, samenlevingsvormen en rollen heronderhandeld worden. Dat gaat vaak niet vanzelf. Niet in het minst omdat er geen universele norm voor bestaat. Een aantal decennia geleden was scheiding uitzonderlijk en moeilijk zodat het wel vaker aanleiding gaf tot een gevecht met lange, aversieve gerechtelijke procedures waarin ook kinderen en ouder – kind relaties meegezogen werden. In die context ontstond vanuit klinische observatie het begrip ouderverstoting. Wetenschappelijke evidentie is er niet. Oorspronkelijk gezien als een syndroom binnen een zuiver lineair, individueel en categoriaal denken onderging het begrip dan ook verschillende transities.In deze bijdrage bespreken we de ouder ‐ kind relatie en het begrip ‘ouderverstoting’ in de ondertussen ten gunste veranderde maatschappelijke context met een meer gender‐neutraal opvoedingsklimaat en een meer tolerante houding ten aanzien van scheiding en ‘andere gezinnen’. Ook nu is er geen universele norm voor ouder – kind relaties (na scheiding). Er zijn vele manieren om ouder te zijn en vele manieren om kind te zijn en de ouder ‐ kind relatie is te begrijpen binnen een complex samenspel van kwetsbaarheden van gezinsleden en gezinsrelaties. Een vertroebelde ouder – kind relatie met afwijzing kan oneindig veel betekenissen hebben en enkel de gezinsleden zijn hier eigenaar van. In functie van de context, de betekenisverlening en de vraag kan professioneel worden tussengekomen. Het gaat om het regelen van familiezaken met respect en aandacht voor familierelaties. Dit vergt een multidisciplinaire aanpak, met interprofessionele samenwerking. In de bijdrage doe ik enkele suggesties hiertoe.
Abstract :
Family transitions require a reorganization and re‐negotiation of boundaries and family roles. As there are no ‘standards’ for living in a post‐divorce family, this can be difficult. A few decades ago, divorce was rare and difficult. It often led to fights with long aversive court proceedings with negative effects on children and parent‐child relationships. Within this context, the notion of a parent alienation syndrome was described based on clinical observation. There is no scientific evidence to back‐up this clinical observation that rooted in purely linear, individual and categorical thinking. The concept of parent alienation has been the subject of strong debates. In this article I discuss the parent ‐ child relationship and the concept of parent alienation within the present societal context with more gender‐neutral parenting roles and a more tolerant attitude towards divorce and ‘other families’. I take a systemic perspective. There are many ways to be a parent and many ways to be a child and the parent ‐ child relationship can only be understood within the context of a complex interplay of family members’ strength and vulnerabilities as well as characteristics of family relationships. A distorted parent-child relationship can have many different meanings and only family members can give meaning to what exactly rejection means within a parent ‐ child relationship. I give some suggestions for how professionals could intervene in family matters and family relationships with a strong plea for a multidisciplinary approach.
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Shelleby, Elizabeth C., i Julia Ogg. "Longitudinal Relationships Between Parent Involvement, Parental Warmth, ADHD Symptoms, and Reading Achievement". Journal of Attention Disorders 24, nr 5 (7.07.2019): 737–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1087054719859075.
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Objective: This study examined potential bidirectional relationships between parental warmth, parent involvement in education, child symptoms of ADHD, and achievement between ages five and nine. Method: Using data from the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study, a nationally representative, longitudinal study, associations between ADHD symptoms, parental warmth, parental involvement, and reading achievement in a cross-lagged panel model were analyzed with a sample of 3,386 children. Results: Parental warmth at the age of 5 years was a negative predictor of ADHD symptoms at the age of 9 years; ADHD symptoms at the age of 5 years negatively predicted parental warmth at the age of 9 years. ADHD symptoms at the age of 5 years negatively predicted later parental involvement, but involvement did not predict later ADHD symptoms. Conclusion: Findings provide support for bidirectional associations between parental warmth and ADHD symptoms across time but unidirectional effects from ADHD to parental involvement. These findings have implications for informing intervention efforts to consider both parenting and child-evocative effects.
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Elliott, Samuel, i Murray Drummond. "The experience of parent-coaches in youth sport: A qualitative case study from Australia". Journal of Amateur Sport 3, nr 3 (28.11.2017): 64–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.17161/jas.v3i3.6511.
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There has been increasing academic interest in understanding the nature of parental involvement in youth sport. Much scholarly focus has illuminated both positive and negative forms of sport parenting from the perspectives of coaches, parents and youth participants. One less understood aspect however surrounds the potentially conflicting role of parents who coach their own children in youth sport. This is surprising given that many parents, especially fathers, demonstrate support by fulfilling essential roles such as team manager and team coach (Jeffery-Tosoni, Fraser-Thomas, & Baker, 2015). This paper emerges from an Australian study of 16 parent-coaches involved in Australian football. The original purpose of the study was to understand the nature of the sport parenting role in youth sport in Australia. A number of pertinent themes were constructed surrounding the contemporary experiences of parent-coaches who coach their own children, and how coaching is subsequently justified. The findings illustrate how concerns of favouritism impact how parent-coaches interact with their child in contrast to the rest of the team, encouraging nuances of ‘negative’ parenting toward their own children under the guise of being the coach. Examples of this include demonstrating deliberate criticism at training and matches and overlooking their child in awarding encouragement awards after each weekly match. Significantly, parent-coaches justify these behaviours in attempting to fulfil the dual role of parent and team coach. We argue that this can be potentially problematic for some parent and child relationships and have a reinforcing influence on how other parent-coaches negotiate being a parent and coach.
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Láng, András. "Mama Mach and Papa Mach: Parental Machiavellianism in relation to dyadic coparenting and adolescents’ perception of parental behaviour". Europe’s Journal of Psychology 14, nr 1 (12.03.2018): 107–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.5964/ejop.v14i1.1474.
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Parental personality is a main contributor to parenting outcomes. However, research on parental personality and parenting or coparenting behaviour is scarce. These few studies showed that disagreeableness and neuroticism are consequently related to negative parenting outcomes. Machiavellianism is an antagonistic and socially aversive personality trait. Machiavellianism has been linked to unfavourable outcomes in several different types of relationships (e.g., romantic relationships, workplace relationships). Using self-report measures, I investigated the association between parental Machiavellianism, adolescents’ perceptions of parenting behaviour, and parent reported coparenting in a sample of 98 families raising adolescents. According to the results, Machiavellianism was positively related to adolescents’ perceptions of rejecting and overprotective parenting behaviour in mothers. With regard to coparenting, fathers’ Machiavellianism had a negative effect both on their own and on their spouses’ reports of coparenting quality. Differences between fathers’ and mothers’ results are discussed with regard to their functions in the parent-child interaction and in the spousal dyad.
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Myers, Sarah, i Sarah E. Johns. "Postnatal depression is associated with detrimental life-long and multi-generational impacts on relationship quality". PeerJ 6 (16.02.2018): e4305. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.4305.
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Postnatal depression (PND) is known to be associated with a range of detrimental child and adolescent outcomes, resulting from its disruptive impact on mother-child relationship quality. However, until now little has been known about the impact of PND on the longer-term relationships between mothers and their children, and any intergenerational effects this may have. Mother-child relationship quality is of interest from an evolutionary perspective as it plays a role in the accrual of offspring embodied capital, thus affecting offspring quality and offspring’s capacity to subsequently invest in their own children. Relationships with offspring also mediate grandparent-grandchild relations; if PND negatively affects long-term mother–offspring relationship quality, it is also likely to negatively affect grandmaternal investment via reduced grandmother–grandchild relationship quality. Here, we use responses to a retrospective questionnaire study of postmenopausal women, largely from the UK and US, to assess the impact of PND occurring in generation 1 on mother–child relationship quality across the life course of the child (generation 2) with whom it was associated, and also on the relationship quality with grandchildren (generation 3) from that child. Average mother-child relationship quality was lower when the child’s birth was associated with PND. Multi-level regression modelling found that mother-child relationship quality decreased as PND symptom severity increased after controlling for individual effects and a variety of other factors known to influence relationship quality (individual mothers n = 296, mother-child dyads n = 646). Additionally, intergenerational relationships appear to be affected, with PND negatively associated with grandmother-grandchild relations (individual grandmothers n = 125, relations with grandchildren from n = 197 grandmother-parent dyads). That PND has long-term detrimental consequences for mother-child relationships, well beyond adolescence, highlights the need for investment in strategies to prevent PND and its cascade of negative multigenerational effects.
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Byrne, Mary W., Elana Evan, Lorie S. Goshin, Matthew D. Erlich, Jackie H. J. Kim, John M. Saroyan i Lonnie K. Zeltzer. "Parent self-efficacy for managing pain in seriously ill children and adolescents nearing end of life". Palliative and Supportive Care 9, nr 2 (4.05.2011): 137–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1478951511000010.
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AbstractObjective:Using data from a multi-site study of parent–child symptom reporting concordance, this secondary analysis explored the role of parent self-efficacy related to pain management for seriously ill school-age children and adolescents.Method:In the initial study, 50 children and adolescents who were expected to survive 3 years or less were recruited along with their parent/primary caregiver. Parent self-report data were used in this secondary analysis to describe parent self-efficacy for managing their child's pain, caregiver strain, mood states, and perception of the child's pain; to explore relationships among these variables; and to determine predictors of greater self-efficacy.Results:Parents expressed a wide range of self-efficacy levels (Chronic Pain Self-Efficacy Scale; possible range 10–100, mean 76.2, SD 14.7) and higher levels on average than reported previously by family caregivers of adult patients. Caregiver Strain Index scores were markedly high (possible range 0–13, mean 8.1, SD 3.8) and inversely correlated with self-efficacy (r = −0.44, p = 0.001). On the Profile of Mood States parents reported more negative moods (t = 4.0, p < 0.001) and less vigor (t = −5.0, p < 0.001) than adults in a normative sample, yet vigor rather than mood disturbance predicted self-efficacy. With the exception of child age, self-efficacy was not associated with demographics (child gender, ethnicity, household income, parent age, education, family size) or with the diagnostic groups (primarily cardiac and oncologic) comprising the sample. Younger child age, less caregiver strain, more parent vigor, and parent perception that child is without pain predicted more than half of the variance in parent self-efficacy (R2 = 0.51).Significance of results:Findings advance knowledge of parent self-efficacy in managing the pain of a child with life-threatening illness. Results can be used to design supportive interventions enhancing parents’ caregiving roles during their child's last stages of life.
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Miller, Todd Q., i Robert J. Volk. "Family Relationships and Adolescent Cigarette Smoking: Results from a National Longitudinal Survey". Journal of Drug Issues 32, nr 3 (lipiec 2002): 945–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002204260203200314.
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The current study used national survey data to identify which aspects of family relationships are predictive of experimental and daily cigarette smoking. A multi-wave longitudinal survey periodically assessed adolescents aged 11 to 17 (N = 1,725) over a seven year follow-up period. Parent interviewers were obtained at the initial screening. Nineteen indicators of family relationships were used based on parent and child interviews. Several indicators of smoking were used including first time cigarette smoking, a nine-point scale of intensity of experimentation with cigarettes, an indicator of daily smoking, and an indicator of smoking at least five or more cigarettes per day. Logistic and multiple regression analyses that controlled for ethnicity, gender, and socioeconomic status found that family relationships were only predictive for subjects under the age of 18. Significant predictors were (a) indices of parental attachment, (b) indices of time spent with one's family, (c) having older siblings who smoke, (d) family structure, (e) family stress, (g) parental negative labeling of the child, and (h) parental leniency towards delinquent acts. We conclude that several aspects of family relationships are important predictors of adolescent cigarette smoking and predict daily smoking more strongly than initial smoking.
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Huang, Ching-Yu, Yi-Ping Hsieh, April Shen, Hsi-Sheng Wei, Jui-Ying Feng, Hsiao-Lin Hwa i Joyce Feng. "Relationships between Parent-Reported Parenting, Child-Perceived Parenting, and Children’s Mental Health in Taiwanese Children". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, nr 6 (23.03.2019): 1049. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16061049.
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The current study examines the relationship between parents’ and children’s reports of parenting and their effects on children’s mental health symptoms. Six hundred and sixty-six parent-child dyads in Taiwan participated in this study. The parents and the children filled out the parenting questionnaires, and the children also reported their general mental health. The results demonstrated that parental-reported and child-perceived parenting were positively correlated, but parents tended to report lower scores on authoritarian parenting and higher scores on Chinese parenting than did their children. There were also significant gender differences: The mothers reported higher authoritative parenting than did the fathers; and the boys perceived higher authoritarian and Chinese-culture specific parenting than did the girls. Moreover, the Chinese parenting had a negative effect on children’s mental health outcomes. Finally, our results showed that children’s perception of parenting had a stronger effect on children’s mental health symptoms than did parental reports on parenting, urging future research to include the children’s report when investigating the effects of parenting on children’s mental health outcomes.
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Sweeney, Sheila. "Addressing Intergenerational Trauma With an Innovative Instrument and Process". Creative Nursing 26, nr 4 (1.11.2020): 267–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/crnr-d-20-00021.
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Parent–child relationships have been researched in many ways. This article describes a qualitative study using the concept of reflective functioning (defined by Slade as the parent's capacity to hold and reflect upon her own and her child's internal mental experience) as a framework. The study focused on understanding the experiences of early childhood adversities, social supports, and the reflective functioning capacity of 11 young adult African American mothers and their children in urban and suburban areas of Minnesota. Findings included that the participants did not perceive adversities as bad, but as part of a daily norm; they demonstrated that they have social support and know how to access it; and they showed the ability to reflect on their children's emotions and experiences as well as the parent–child relationship. Participants talked about transmitting good things to their children while simultaneously protecting them from negative experiences. Thus, parents were able to change patterns that could affect their children's well-being.
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Teng, Jaena Clarice C., Angela Dionne F. Hilario, Lauren Marie A. Sauler, Ma Cristina M. De Los Reyes i Myla Arcinas. "Parentification Experiences of Filipino Young Professional Daughters During the COVID-19 Pandemic". Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences Studies 3, nr 4 (25.04.2021): 19–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.32996/jhsss.2021.3.4.3.
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Parentification refers to parent-child role reversal wherein the child adopts the parent's role instrumentally or emotionally. This role reversal practice between the parent and the child is not uncommon in certain cultures. The cultural dynamics and familial obligations at play have positive and negative outlooks with varying effects. This study focused on the effects of instrumental parentification experiences on psychological resilience and interpersonal relationships among selected Filipino young professional daughters during the COVID-19 pandemic. Using purposive sampling, 19 Filipino young professional daughters from Metro Manila, Philippines, were selected for the study. Online interviews were conducted and thematic analysis was employed to process the data. Findings showed that most of the daughters, with “utang na loob” (indebtedness) value system, wholeheartedly accepted instrumental parentification. Thus, more tasks and responsibilities were shouldered by them due to the COVID-19 lockdown wherein older parents need to stay at home due to the fear of contracting the disease. Almost all shared that the COVID-19 pandemic tested their parent-child relationship. A few expressed that it made them let go of personal growth opportunities and experienced problems with their parents' relationship, given the uncertainties brought by the COVID-19 pandemic. Nevertheless, they shared that they could not leave their ageing parents in this time of COVID-19 pandemic and that with proper balancing of tasks and responsibilities at home and at work, parentification made them to become more self-reliant, mature faster, and responsible daughters.
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Zobkov, A. V. "To the Problem of Parental Procrastination in Interaction with Children". Sibirskiy Psikhologicheskiy Zhurnal, nr 77 (2020): 90–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/17267080/77/5.
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The practice of psychological counseling with adults who have children, and psychological work with children shows that the postponement of kid things by parents occurs often. As a result of procrastination of parents in interaction with children (parental procrastination) there are negative psychological consequences for parents and children. In psychological science, much attention is paid to the problem of human procrastination, but the procrastination of parents in the interaction of children is not studied. Available studies consider the parent-child relationship only as a cause of procrastination of the child. The article raises the problem of studying procrastination of a parent in interaction with a child (parental procrastination). The psychological features of general procrastination and parental procrastination are compared. Parental procrastination is associated with specific time intervals that require specific actions from the parent. They consciously tolerate interaction with the child often hiding behind objec-tive circumstances. Adults understand the negative consequences of procrastination, such as changing relationships with the child, reducing the level of trust of the child to them, subjective discomfort caused by understanding the negative consequences of procrastination for the child. Analyzing scientific data on the problem of General human procrastination, we develop and justify an approach to the study of parental procrastination. Procrastination is associated with a violation of self-regulation. Violation of self-regulation activities requires: a) the study of self-procrastinate parents, motivation, personality traits, emotional-volitional and cognitive spheres of personality, unconscious mental mechanisms of self-regulation; b) define the relationship of personal characteristics with the characteristics of goal setting (planning), assessment of internal and external conditions of activity (modeling), programming their actions, evaluation of the result, correction of actions and approval of the goal. Considering parental procrastination as a particular psychological problem, it is proposed: a) to consider it in connection with sociological characteristics (family composition, age characteristics of family members), family traditions, experience of family life of parents (number of marriages), etc.; b) through the system of human relations (to oneself, to others, to business; parent-child relations, intergenerational relations). The methodological unity of the categories "attitude" and "self-regulation" of activity allows us to create a holistic theoretical model of the study of parental procrastination. The model is presented in the conclusion of the article in a structure form. The analysis allows outlining the directions of psychological counseling work with procrastinating parents: work on taking responsibility for decisions in their vital activity; formation of self-regulation skills of activity; formation of emotional regulation skills.
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Kyrkou, Nicole. "FAMILY QUALITY OF LIFE AND NURTURING THE SIBLING RELATIONSHIP". International Journal of Child, Youth and Family Studies 9, nr 4 (4.12.2018): 75–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.18357/ijcyfs94201818641.
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Research that gauges family quality of life in families that include a child with a disability has often focused on the relationship between parents and the child, but in doing so they underestimate the importance of the sibling relationship: siblings are in each other’s lives generally for a much longer period of time than parents are. The sibling relationship is not intrinsically positive or negative, but it is a dynamic and critical bond; from it children can learn to understand and advocate for themselves and each other in the context of the disability. The sibling relationship is a lifelong one. Nurturing it in the early stages of development will not only support family quality of life, but will set the foundation for healthy adult sibling relationships that can create positive outcomes for all members of the family. The important aspects of nurturing the sibling relationship are considered from the viewpoint of both sibling and parent. The assumptions that inform sibling relationships are discussed, and suggestions for nurturing them are provided.
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Richert, Torkel, Björn Johnson i Bengt Svensson. "Being a Parent to an Adult Child With Drug Problems: Negative Impacts on Life Situation, Health, and Emotions". Journal of Family Issues 39, nr 8 (24.12.2017): 2311–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0192513x17748695.
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This study is about the vulnerability of parents to adult children with drug problems. The study is based on a self-reporting questionnaire ( n = 687) distributed to parents in Sweden via family member organizations, treatment centers, and online communities. Most parents reported extensive negative consequences on relationships, social life, and mental health due to their children’s drug problems. Most parents also experienced strong feelings of powerlessness, grief, guilt, and shame. Many parents reported a negative impact on their economy and work ability. In general, fathers claimed to feel less of a negative impact than mothers. A more severe drug problem and life situation for the child was associated with a greater negative impact for the parents. Many parents experienced difficulties in securing adequate help both for their child and for themselves. The study shows the need for increased support efforts for this parent group.
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Narusyte, Jurgita, Anna-Karin Andershed, Jenae M. Neiderhiser i Paul Lichtenstein. "Aggression as a mediator of genetic contributions to the association between negative parent–child relationships and adolescent antisocial behavior". European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry 16, nr 2 (29.11.2006): 128–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00787-006-0582-z.
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Mayes, Susan Dickerson, H. Allen Handford, Charmaine Kowalski i Judy Hopkins Schaefer. "Parent Attitudes and Child Personality Traits in Hemophilia: A Six-Year Longitudinal Study". International Journal of Psychiatry in Medicine 18, nr 4 (grudzień 1989): 339–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/67xa-e87f-qh9c-x3r0.
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Using standardized instruments, personality traits of twenty-two hemophilic boys and child-rearing attitudes and practices of their parents were evaluated at the beginning and end of a six-year period, during which psychosocial services were provided in a comprehensive care hemophilia program. The children changed significantly in a positive direction on two traits, enthusiasm and self-reliance. No significant negative personality trait changes were found. Scores remained within the normal range on the remaining traits, with the exception of a significant positive elevation on the intelligence dimension at both pre- and posttest. Mothers and fathers scored positively compared with parental attitude norms during both the initial and follow-up evaluations, without significant changes in overall mean scores. Strong relationships were revealed between individual changes in child personality and parent attitude scores. Despite the fact that between pre- and posttest boys with hemophilia and their parents became aware of the risk of contracting AIDS from blood product use, personality traits and parent child-rearing attitudes remained positive.
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Schultz, Dana, Lisa H. Jaycox, Laura J. Hickman, Claude Setodji, Aaron Kofner, Racine Harris i Dionne Barnes. "The Relationship Between Protective Factors and Outcomes for Children Exposed to Violence". Violence and Victims 28, nr 4 (2013): 697–714. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0886-6708.vv-d-12-00005.
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To develop prevention and intervention programs for children exposed to violence, it is necessary to understand what factors might help alleviate the negative effects of violence exposure. In this study, we sought to test whether relationships exist between certain protective factors and subsequent adjustment and to examine whether violence re-exposure contributed to changes in outcomes over time. The analyses revealed that caregiver reports of both child self-control and the quality of the parent–child relationship were related to changes in child posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms and behavior problems. Furthermore, children experiencing more categories of violence re-exposure had increased behavior problems at follow-up compared to those without re-exposure. These findings advance our understanding of the relationship between these protective factors and outcomes for children exposed to violence and suggest that intervening to bolster these protective factors could improve outcomes.
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Antonucci, Toni C. "OLDER PEOPLE AND TECHNOLOGY: THE GOOD, THE BAD, AND THE UGLY". Innovation in Aging 3, Supplement_1 (listopad 2019): S211. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igz038.768.
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Abstract The use of multiple technologies in the service of social relations in widely evident. It is not at all clear, however, that we recognize the fundamental changes in social relations that are occurring as a result. Some changes are quite positive, e.g., low cost maintenance of geographically distant but emotionally close relationships. Others can be quite negative, e.g., the lost ability to gauge emotional reactions through face-to-face contact, often resulting in unnecessarily hurtful behaviors. Preliminary data indicate that people selectively use different forms of communication under positive circumstances, e.g. to transmit good news; or negative circumstances, e.g. resolve a dispute/express anger and dependent on the nature or closeness of the relationship e.g., parent, spouse, child. We need to be mindful of the good, the bad, and the ugly of technology; and, its specific effect on the relationships of and with older people.
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Esbensen, Anna J., Emily K. Schworer, Emily K. Hoffman i Susan Wiley. "Child Sleep Linked to Child and Family Functioning in Children with Down Syndrome". Brain Sciences 11, nr 9 (3.09.2021): 1170. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci11091170.
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Sleep problems have a bi-directional impact on the daytime performance of children, parental well-being, and overall family functioning in the general population. Children with Down syndrome (DS) are at a high risk of sleep problems, yet the relationship between sleep problems, adaptive functioning, and family stress in children with DS is not well documented. We examined the relationship between sleep (i.e., duration and quality) and child and parent/family functioning. Sixty-six children with DS wore an actigraph for a week to assess their sleep duration and sleep efficiency. Their parents completed ratings on child sleep duration and parasomnias, child adaptive functioning, parental depression and sleep, and family stress. The parents’ reports of their children’s sleep duration were associated with parental depressive symptoms. The parents’ reports of their children’s restless sleep behaviors were associated with poorer performances in child-compliant/calm behaviors, worse parental sleep, and negative parental feelings and sibling relationships. The findings from actigraph measures of the children’s sleep demonstrated that greater sleep efficiency was associated with greater child adaptive functioning and fewer parental depressive symptoms. The study findings provide preliminary evidence that sleep problems are related to child adaptive functioning, parental functioning, and family stress in children with DS.
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Al-Yagon, Michal, Dovrat Forte i Lital Avrahami. "Executive Functions and Attachment Relationships in Children With ADHD: Links to Externalizing/Internalizing Problems, Social Skills, and Negative Mood Regulation". Journal of Attention Disorders 24, nr 13 (17.09.2017): 1876–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1087054717730608.
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Objective: Theoretical models suggest multiple underlying pathways for ADHD and multiple risk factors’ co-occurrence as impairing this population’s affective, interpersonal, and behavioral adjustment. After comparing groups’ executive functioning (EF) difficulties and attachment security with each parent, this study primarily aimed to examine four risk factors (ADHD, child-father attachment, child-mother attachment, EF) as possibly explaining children’s socioemotional/behavioral measures (externalizing/internalizing behavior, social skills, negative mood regulation). Method: Participants were 100 children in Grades 5-6 (ages 11-12 years; M=11.45 years, SD=.50): 50 with formally diagnosed ADHD, and 50 with typical development (TD). Instruments were children’s self-report measures and teachers’ evaluation. Results: Significant group differences emerged on all EF measures and attachment relationships, and most socioemotional/behavioral measures. Findings demonstrated the significant contribution of children’s ADHD, parental attachments, and, partially, EF difficulties in explaining children’s socioemotional/behavioral adjustment. Conclusion: Children with ADHD, compared to children with TD, reported significantly larger EF deficits and a significantly higher incidence of insecure attachment to the father as well as a lower sense of trust and closeness to the mother. Outcomes highlighted the role of children’s four risk factors (ADHD, child-father attachment, child-mother attachment, EF) in explaining their socioemotional/behavioral adjustment. The EF deficits contributed only to intrapersonal maladjustment.
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Dieleman, Lisa M., Sarah S. W. De Pauw, Bart Soenens, Wim Beyers i Peter Prinzie. "Examining bidirectional relationships between parenting and child maladjustment in youth with autism spectrum disorder: A 9-year longitudinal study". Development and Psychopathology 29, nr 4 (29.12.2016): 1199–213. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954579416001243.
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AbstractLongitudinal bidirectional effects between parents and children are usually studied in samples of typically developing children, but remain understudied in families with a child with autism spectrum disorder. This three-wave longitudinal study examined how parents and children with autism spectrum disorder influence one another, relying on parent reports of parenting behaviors and children's problem behaviors across 9 years, in a sample of 139 youngsters (M age Time 1 = 10.2 years, 83% boys). Cross-lagged analyses indicated that children's externalizing problems at Time 1 predicted negative controlling parenting 6 years later (Time 2) that in turn predicted externalizing problems 3 years later (Time 3). Negative parental control at Time 1 also increased the risk for internalizing problems at Time 2. It was surprising that externalizing problems at Time 2 also predicted positive parental involvement at Time 3. Thus, although results indicate that externalizing problems generally elicit maladaptive reactions in parents, this study also suggests that parents adjust their way of reacting to externalizing child problems as their child reaches adolescence/emerging adulthood. Implications for future research on parenting dynamics in families with a child with autism spectrum disorder are discussed.
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Macfie, Jenny, i Scott A. Swan. "Representations of the caregiver–child relationship and of the self, and emotion regulation in the narratives of young children whose mothers have borderline personality disorder". Development and Psychopathology 21, nr 3 (7.07.2009): 993–1011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954579409000534.
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AbstractBorderline personality disorder (BPD) represents a severe distortion in the development of attachment, self, and emotion regulation. Study of children at high risk of developing BPD may inform precursors to BPD. In a low socioeconomic status sample of 30 children aged 4–7 whose mothers have BPD and 30 normative comparisons, representations of the caregiver–child relationship and of the self, and emotion regulation were assessed with a story-stem completion measure. In contrast to comparisons and controlling for major depressive disorder, children whose mothers have BPD told stories with the following: (a) more parent–child role reversal, more fear of abandonment, and more negative mother–child and father–child relationship expectations; (b) more incongruent and shameful representations of the self; and (c) poorer emotion regulation indicated by more confusion of boundaries between fantasy and reality and between self and fantasy, more fantasy proneness, less narrative coherence, and marginally more intrusion of traumatic themes. In the sample as a whole, (a) a maladaptive caregiver–child relationship composite was associated with maternal identity disturbance and self-harm; (b) a maladaptive self-composite was associated with maternal self-harm; and (c) a maladaptive emotion regulation composite was associated with maternal identity disturbance, negative relationships, and self-harm. Results are discussed in terms of putative precursors to BPD and preventive interventions.
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Avdeeva, N. N., i B. A. Hoffman. "Current research on adolescents’ relationships with parents". Современная зарубежная психология 8, nr 4 (2019): 69–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.17759/jmfp.2019080407.
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The article is based on the materials of foreign sources and discusses the current trends in the relationship of adolescents and their parents. The following problems are discussed: influence of upbringing styles and parental attitudes on various aspects of psychological development of adolescents; contribution of relationships with parents and peers into social and personality development in adolescence; peculiarities of teenagers’ attachments to parents; child-parent conflicts. The recent studies of family education and its influence on psychological development confirm the positive role of authoritative parenting style, the negative impact of rigid parenting style on adolescent aggression and so on. It is shown that excessive parental control does not contribute to the development of self-esteem and increases self-criticism in adolescent girls. In relatively new researches devoted to "technoference" the negative impact of technical means (phone, gadgets) on interaction between parents and children is shown. The article stresses the importance of attachment to parents in adolescence; the role of the quality of attachment in formation of autonomy; capacity to solve problems and cope with difficulties associated with Internet addiction; aggression and school performance. The article also presents studies of positive and negative aspects of the impact of conflict with parents on the personality development of adolescents, gender differences in behavior during the conflict between mother and father, the contribution of marital conflicts to psychological development in adolescence.
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Kao, Tsui-Sui Annie, i Winifred Ann Carter. "Family Influences on Adolescent Sexual Activity and Alcohol Use". Open Family Studies Journal 5, nr 1 (18.10.2013): 10–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874922401305010010.
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Sexual activity and alcohol use continue to have negative effects on the well-being of today’s adolescents. This study used multiple regression analysis to examine relationships among personal factors, family factors, and adolescent sexual activity and alcohol use over three time points. Significant protective factors, which were inversely related to risky behavior, included general adolescent–mother communication, father and family connectedness, and disapproving parental attitudes towards sex. Permissive parenting was associated with self-efficacy for safe sex, early sexual initiation, and increased alcohol use. Health care providers should work to promote positive parent–child relationships and familial protective effects.
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Patterson, George T. "An Exploratory Study Assessing Relations of Demographic Characteristics with Police Recruits' Attitudes toward Abuse of Children and Abusive Parents". Psychological Reports 101, nr 2 (październik 2007): 451–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.101.2.451-456.
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The purpose of this exploratory study was to assess the relationships of demographic characteristics with attitudes toward abusive parents and abused children in a convenience sample of 183 police recruits. Police academy training staff invited recruits to complete a questionnaire which contained three vignettes and a 36-item questionnaire that depicted child neglect, sexual abuse, physical abuse, and demographic information. Analysis of responses showed that African Americans and Latinos reported more negative attitudes of anger, disgust, sadness, and discomfort toward an abusive parent than the Euro-American group. Women reported more negative attitudes toward an abused child and also more positive attitudes of sympathy and caring toward an abused child. Results partially support previous research suggesting demographic characteristics influence report of attitudes toward abusive parents and abused children. These findings about the influence of demographic characteristics on positive and negative emotional reactions toward abusive parents and abused children add to the literature.
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Fingerman, Karen L., Meng Huo i Kira S. Birditt. "Mothers, Fathers, Daughters, and Sons: Gender Differences in Adults’ Intergenerational Ties". Journal of Family Issues 41, nr 9 (10.01.2020): 1597–625. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0192513x19894369.
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Women are more involved in family ties than men, but these differences may vary across generations as gender roles have shifted. We know little about gender patterns across generations in the same family, however. To address this gap, midlife men and women aged 40–60 ( n = 633) from the Family Exchanges Study reported on relationships with each aging parent and each grown child. Mothers were more involved (e.g., more frequent contact, greater positive and negative relationship qualities, and more frequent support exchanges) than fathers in both generations, with parental gender differences stronger in the older generation. Offspring gender differences were generally consistent across generations, with daughters more involved by phone in emotional forms of support, and in negative relationship quality; these gender differences were stronger in the younger generation than the older ones. We discuss pervasive gender differences that favor mothers, as well as shifts in gender differences across generations.
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Carrasco, Miguel A., Begoña Delgado i Francisco Pablo Holgado-Tello. "Children’s Temperament: A Bridge between Mothers’ Parenting and Aggression". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, nr 17 (2.09.2020): 6382. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17176382.
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Childhood aggression is important to acknowledge due to its social impact and importance in predicting future problems. The temperament of a child and parental socialization have been essential in explaining behavioral problems, particularly in the case of childhood aggression. The aim of this study is to examine—from the parents’ perspective—the role of childhood temperament in the dynamic by which mothers’ reactions socialize their children’s aggression. We also explore how children’s gender and age differences affect these relationships. The sample was composed of 904 participants between 1 and 6 years old. The Early Childhood Behavior Questionnaire and the Children’s Behavior Questionnaire were used to evaluate children’s negative affect and effortful control. The Parent–Child Relationship Inventory Maternal was used to assess maternal communication and discipline, and child aggression was assessed using the Children’s Behavior Checklist. The results supported the mediating role of temperament in the processes by which perceived mothers’ reactions socialize their children’s aggression and suggested that maternal behaviors may not have the same consequences for girls and boys. Specifically, the aggressiveness of girls is dependent on a negative affect throughout toddlerhood and early childhood, while for boys, the duration of the negative affect’s contribution is shorter, and aggressiveness is more sensitive to the maternal behaviors of discipline and communication.
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Tadros, Eman, Kerrie Fanning, Sarah Jensen i Julie Poehlmann-Tynan. "Coparenting and Mental Health in Families with Jailed Parents". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, nr 16 (18.08.2021): 8705. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18168705.
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The number of families affected by parental incarceration in the United States has increased dramatically in the past three decades, with primarily negative implications for adult mental health and child and family well-being. Despite research documenting increased strain on coparenting relationships, less is known regarding the relation between adult mental health and coparenting quality. This study investigated coparenting in families with young children currently experiencing parental incarceration. In a diverse sample of 86 jailed parent–caregiver dyads (n = 172), this analysis of a short-term longitudinal study examined the links among jailed parents’ and children’s at-home caregivers’ externalizing mental health symptoms and perceived coparenting alliance quality using the Actor–Partner Interdependence Model. Analyses using structural equation modeling revealed a medium sized negative partner effect for externalizing behaviors on coparenting alliance for jailed parents, wherein caregivers increased externalizing symptoms related to jailed parents’ lower reported coparenting quality. Caregiver–partner effects and both actor effects resulted in small effects. These findings highlight the roles of mental health and coparenting relationship quality when a parent is incarcerated and contribute to the existing literature on incarcerated coparenting, with implications for theory and practice.
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Margolin, Gayla, i Elana B. Gordis. "Co-Occurrence Between Marital Aggression and Parents’ Child Abuse Potential: The Impact of Cumulative Stress". Violence and Victims 18, nr 3 (czerwiec 2003): 243–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/vivi.2003.18.3.243.
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Evidence suggests that marital aggression and parent-to-child aggression sometimes occur within the same family, but little is known about why certain families are vulnerable to multiple forms of family aggression. According to family systems theory, negative affect in one family relationship can spread to other family relationships. According to family stress theory, aversive circumstances increase families’ vulnerability to disruption and conflict. Based on these theories, the present study tests the hypothesis that cumulative family stresses potentiate the association between marital aggression and parents’ child abuse potential. In a series of additive interactional models, husband-to-wife aggression was linked to husbands’ and wives’ child abuse potential in a context of both high financial stress and high parenting stress but was not linked in a context of low stress. Wife-to-husband aggression was linked to wives’, but not husbands’, child abuse potential in a context of high stress. These results highlight the potential role of contextual factors in the pervasiveness of aggressive exchanges across multiple family subsystems.
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Sandbæk, Mona. "Family Income and Children's Perception of Parental Support and Monitoring". Social Policy and Society 8, nr 4 (październik 2009): 515–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1474746409990091.
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Family relations have for many years been acknowledged as having a protective impact on children's development if positive and as representing a risk factor if negative. Studies based on statistical information have demonstrated an overrepresentation of a number of family problems in low-income families. Does this image change with children themselves as informants on child–parent relationships? The article examines Norwegian children's perception of parental acceptance, support and monitoring in low-income families compared to children living in families from all income groups.