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Bernier, Cynthia. "Élaboration et caractérisation d'un mutant dominant négatif de TRPC6". Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2005. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/3797.
Pełny tekst źródłaCarette, Diane. "Etude des mécanismes moléculaires responsables de l'effet dominant négatif de la connexine 33". Paris 11, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA11T008.
Pełny tekst źródłaDijon, Marilyne. "Rôle d'ikaros dans l'érythropoïèse humaine : surexpression d'un dominant-négatif d'ikaros par une approche lentivirale". Aix-Marseille 2, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007AIX20668.
Pełny tekst źródłaHematopoiesis is a complex process which is regulated by expression of many transcription factors, such as Ikaros. This gene encodes several isoformes by alternative splicing : some of them without functional DNA binding act as dominant-negative. Lack of Ikaros induced defects of lymphopoiesis, myelopoiesis and erythropoiesis, however, critical steps regulated by Ikaros are largely unknown. To study further Ikaros involvement in erythropoiesis, we overexpressed a dominant-negative isoform, Ikaros 6, using lentiviral vector. This type of vector, derived from HIV-1, is main tool to tranfer gene into hematopoietic stem cells without alter multipotence properties. We developed a lentiviral vector containing two genes controlled by two different promoters to detect transduced HSC. However, problems of gene expression showed unfunctionally construct in our experimental system. Study of Ikaros in human erythropoiesis will be realised with basal lentiviral vector. Overexpression of dominant-negatif, Ikaros 6, displayed a defect of erythroid cell number and an increase of cell death. Inhibited function of Ikaros also induced a decrease of erythroid gene expression and hemoglobinisation. This work underlined important role of Ikaros in human erythropoiesis by regulating of erythroid gene expression
Le, May Cédric. "Rôle du récepteur nucléaire PPAR alpha dans la régulation du métabolisme énergétique hépatique et l'effet transcriptionnel des acides gras". Paris 7, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA077111.
Pełny tekst źródłaRoubille, François. "Cardioprotection au cours de l'ischémie-reperfusion myocardique chez la souris : modèle transgénique Daxx-dominant négatif et postconditionnement ischémique". Montpellier 2, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008MON20172.
Pełny tekst źródłaDelhommeau, François. "Modulation de la télomérase dans les lignées leucémiques et les progéniteurs hématopoi͏̈étiques humains". Paris 7, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA077151.
Pełny tekst źródłaBillant, Olivier. "Utilisation de la levure S. cerevisiae pour déchiffrer les mécanismes de l'effet dominant-négatif affectant la famille de gènes suppresseurs de tumeurs p53, p63 et p73". Thesis, Brest, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BRES0055/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaP53 is a ubiquitous tumor suppressor gene that prevents damaged cells from proliferating. Following DNA damage or cellular stress, p53 induces a cell cycle arrest and initiates an attempt to repair the lesions. If the repair fails, p53 triggers the apoptosis of the cell. p53 shares a high homology with two other tumor suppressor genes: p63 and p73. Together they form a family of transcription factors, which are actively protecting the organism from tumor development. This defense network is enriched by multiple N-terminal and C-terminal isoforms of p53, p63 and p73. The loss of p53, p63 and p73 tumor suppression function is a key step of cancer progression. Mutants of p53 and isoforms of p53, p63 and p73 often exhibit a dominant-negative behavior resulting in the loss of p53 tumor suppression activity. However, the extent of the dominant-negative effect within p53 family remains unclear. The mechanisms behind the dominant-negative effect are also debated due to the recent emergence of a prion-like hypothesis. Finally, the dominant-negative effect of p53 family members could be involved in other pathologies such as p63-related developmental syndromes During this PhD, I studied the functional consequences of hotspot mutations of p53 and of the main isoforms of the p53 family on the transcriptional activity of p53, p63 and p73. Using the naïve eukaryotic model S. cerevisiae we have demonstrated that the dominant-negative effect of mutants and isoforms of the p53 family relies on the formation of hetero-tetramers between functional and non-functional members of the family but not on a prion-like mechanism. In addition, certain p53 mutants are able to interfere with p63 and p73 isoforms though a mechanism that is only partially based on tetramerization. Of note, we obtained preliminary results suggesting that mutants of p63, which are involved in EEC, ADULT and NSCL1 developmental syndromes, behave like dominant-negative hotspot mutants of p53. The identification of the mechanisms of the dominant-negative effect occurring within p53 family could lead to new therapeutic targets both in cancer and in rare developmental syndromes.1 EEC : ectrodactyly, ectodermal dysplasia and cleft lip/palate syndrome, ADULT : acro-dermato-ungual-lacrimal-tooth syndrome, NSCL : non-syndromic cleft lip
Khourieh, Joëlle. "Novel heterozygous STAT3 mutations clarify the molecular basis of the hyper IgE syndrome". Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2018. https://wo.app.u-paris.fr/cgi-bin/WebObjects/TheseWeb.woa/wa/show?t=2177&f=15771.
Pełny tekst źródłaTo date STAT3 is the only gene in which variants in coding regions are known to cause Autosomal Dominant Hyper-Immunoglobulin E Syndrome (AD-HIES). Yet, the genetic etiology of 5% of individuals meeting the clinical criteria for AD-HIES remains unknown. Combining whole exome sequencing and genetic linkage analysis, we identified the first deep intronic heterozygous STAT3 mutation, c.1282-89C>T, causing AD-HIES in seven relatives. This mutation creates a new exon in the STAT3 cDNA (D427ins17). We also identified two novel nonsense STAT3 mutation; c.1552C>T leading to a truncated protein with a stop codon in the STAT3 linker domain (R518*) in a patient with AD-HIES, and c.2091delT leading to a truncated protein with a stop codon with a frameshift in STAT3 transactivation domain (D698Tfs*9) in two relatives with tuberculosis. Upon over-expression, the three mutant STAT3 proteins are loss of function in terms of tyrosine phosphorylation, DNA-binding, and transcriptional activity. In patient's B cells, R518* and D698Tfs*9 alleles are not expressed whereas we found by mass spectrometry that the D427ins17 allele only represents 5 to 20% of total STAT3 in the patient's cells. Activation of patient's leucocytes demonstrated a poor respond to STAT3-dependent cytokines, like other patients with AD-HIES. Upon overexpression, we show that D427ins17 and D698Tfs*9 are equally dominant-negative alleles, whereas R518* allele is neutral. This work emphasis the importance of intron sequencing in the establishment of genetic diagnostics in AD-HIES. Moreover, the study of the D427ins17 allele suggests that AD-HIES-causing mutations can exert their negative-dominance even when expressed at significantly lower levels than the wild-type protein. On the other hand, the study of R518* allele shed the light on haploinsufficiency as another possible mechanism causing AD-HIES; however, the identification and characterization of more nonsense mutations is necessary before drawing any firm conclusions
Saunier, Elise. "Etude par transgenèse ciblée de l'effet de la forme dominant-négatif du récepteur de la prolactine sur le développement mammaire normal et tumoral". Paris 7, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA077111.
Pełny tekst źródłaAcunzo, Julie. "Thérapie génique des adénomes hypophysaires humains in vitro : Evaluation du rôle du récepteur somatostatinergique sst2 et d'un dominant négatif du facteur de transcription Pitx2". Aix-Marseille 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009AIX20696.
Pełny tekst źródłaBellamy, Charlotte. "Functional characterization of a novel mutation in PRKCA, the major driver of Chordoid glioma". Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UPASL052.
Pełny tekst źródłaChordoid glioma (ChG) is a rare low-grade brain tumor, characterised by a novel recurrent point mutation PRKCA p.D463H, a substitution in the kinase domain of Protein kinase C alpha (PKCα). This study demonstrates the role of this mutated kinase in the development of ChGs. Here we show the inactivation and dominant negative effect of PKCαD463H via in vitro and In cellulo activity assays. Our results show the mutation affects the tertiary structure, resulting in an open, unstable protein. Phosphoproteomic and Co-Immunoprecipitation mass spectrometry data from HEK cells overexpressing PKC⍺D463H show decreased phosphorylation and interaction with proteins involved in cell adhesion. We confirm genetically through single nuclei RNAseq that ChGs derive from specialised tanycytes. By understanding the cell context of tumorigenesis alongside the functional changes of this mutation on the activity and interactome of PKCα, we elaborated a model of the development of ChGs alongside the identification of a therapeutic approach
Gougelet, Angélique. "Fonction de la forme beta du récepteur des oestrogènes dans les cellules de cancer du sein : ouverture vers de nouvelles stratégies thérapeutiques". Paris 11, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA114801.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe transactivation capacity of estrogen receptor (ER) a and b was influenced by the ligand, the promoter and the cell line. The cellular background (expression/acetylation of ER/coregulators) modulated the AF-1-dependent suppressive activity of ERb against ERa. Three therapeutic strategies were tested: the pure antiestrogen RU 58668 induced a proteasome-mediated ERa degradation, decreased its transactivation capacity without affecting ERb associated to a good prognostic. Histone deacetylase inhibitors exerted pro-apoptotic and anti-proliferative activities, induced a proteasome-mediated ERa-degradation but stabilized ERb. The association of these two drugs increased the anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic effects of this agents alone on MCF-7 cells transiently expressing ERb. Finally, inhibitors of the ER chaperone hsp90 induced apoptosis and growth arrest of breast cancer cells associated with proteasomal degradation of both ERs and inhibition of their transcriptional activities
Clatot, Jérôme. "Analyses fonctionnelles de mutations du gène SCN5A impliquées dans le syndrome de Brugada". Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00828454.
Pełny tekst źródłaGuillemain, Ghislaine. "Étude des premières étapes d'une nouvelle voie de signalisation du glucose". Paris 7, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA077252.
Pełny tekst źródłaMessika-Zeitoun, Liza. "Le syndrome de persistance des canaux de Müller : identification de mutations, effets moléculaires de mutations du récepteur de type II de l'AMH". Paris 11, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA11T051.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) belongs to the Transforming Growth Factor β(TGFβ) family. In male fetuses, AMH is responsible for the early regression of Müllerian ducts, the anlagen of uterus and Fallopian tubes. A deficiency in the signaling pathway of AMH is responsible for a rare form of male pseudohermaphrodism characterized by a persistence of Müllerian ducts (PMDS) in males otherwise normally virilized. At the beginnig of my work, AMHR-II was the only known component ofthe AMH signalling pathway. Two forms of PMDS are distinguished by the level of circulating AMH, assessed by ELISA. « Negative AMH » patients with serum AMH low or undetectable generaly have a mutation in the AMH gene while « positive AMH » patients which present normal values of serum AMH have probably a mutation of AMHR-II. By systematic research of mutations causing PMDS, we have correlated_AMH serum concentration with mutations of the AMH or receptor gene. We have also find a 27bp deletion in the kinase domain wich accounts for 25% of PMDS cases and which easy detection is now the first step for the « positive AMH » patient's study. We have also realized one of the first functionnal study of natural mutations of receptors of the TGFβ family and more precisely the study of mutations similar to dominant-negative mutations of receptors of the TGF β family. One causing receptor truncation after the transmembrane domain and the other is a missense mutation in a key residu of the kinase domain. Overexpression of these mutant receptors exert a dominant-negative activity in vitro upon two AMH target genes. This dose-response study let us to explain this discrepancy between in vivo and in vitro results
Le, Roy Christine. "Démonstration du rôle autocrine/paracrine du TGFβ in vitro sur les fonctions de différenciation et de prolifération des cellules stéroïdogènes par une approche antisens et par l'effet dominant négatif d'un mutant du récepteur de type II des TGFβ". Lyon 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998LYO1T223.
Pełny tekst źródłaVallin, Benjamin. "Caractérisation fonctionnelle de nouvelles isoformes d'adénylyl cyclase 8 identifiées dans les cellules musculaires lisses vasculaires trans-différenciées". Thesis, Paris 6, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA066117/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe phenotypic switch of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) towards a migratory, proliferative and secretory state plays a key role in atherosclerotic plaque expansion and intimal hyperplasia leading to post-angioplasty restenosis. Our previous results suggest that the trans-differentiation of rat, mouse and human VSMC involves the de novo expression of the Adenylyl Cyclase 8 (AC8), an enzyme that catalyzes the synthesis of cyclic AMP (cAMP) (Clement et al., 2006; Gueguen et al., 2010; Keuylian et al., 2012; unpublished results). The main goal of my PhD was to decipher the impact of AC8 expression on cAMP signaling in trans-differentiated VSMC. Using the FRET-based biosensor T-Epac-VV, we showed that the de novo expression of AC8 limits increases in cellular cAMP. This non-canonical function relies on a new family of AC8 isoforms that we have identified and cloned: the AC8E1 to 4. They share a common deletion of the first five transmembrane domains. The biochemical characterization of AC8E over-expressed in HEK cells allowed us to elucidate their functioning. cAMP accumulation assays, co-immunoprecipitation experiments and immunocytochemistry revealed that AC8E hetero-dimerize with functional AC during their maturation in the reticulum, suppress their enzymatic activity and prevent their traffic to the plasma membrane. Numerous studies have shown that increases in cAMP concentration within trans-differentiated VSMC antagonize pathological vascular remodeling (Douglas et al., 2005; Katakami et al., 2010). Thus, the induction of AC8E in trans-differentiated VSMC could prevent the vasculoprotective effects of cAMP and promote the acquisition of a synthetic phenotype
Allegra, Séverine. "Invalidation, fonctionnelle et tissu spécifique, de la voie de signalisation des TGFβ par la surexpression d'un mutant à effet dominant négatif du récepteur des type I des TGFβ : études in vitro dans les myoblastes Sol 8 et in vivo par transgénèse chez la souris". Lyon 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004LYO10088.
Pełny tekst źródłaDupuy, Aurélien. "Génération de nouveaux mutants dominants négatifs de la GTPases Rap1 application à la mise en évidence du rôle de Rap1 dans la dynamique cellulaire". Paris 7, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA077095.
Pełny tekst źródłaTo decipher the biological fonctions of the Rapl GTPase, we developed an original method to generale novel dominant negative mutants of Rap1. Our results suggest that some of those mutants could be selective for activation pathways. For instance, Rap1[G15D] inhibits the activation of Rap1 induced by physiological stimulation of the Rap1 activator CSG but not Epac, whereas Rap1[S17A] inhibits the activation of Rap1 via both pathways. Moreover, Rap1[S17A] is a powerfull dominant negative mutant since its expression was sufficient to reproduce in Drosophila the pupal death observed in Rapl null mutants. In the second part of this work, we investigated the function of Rap1 in the cellular dynamics that occurs during mitosis. Indeed, the expression of dominant negative mutant Rap1[S17A] inhibits post-mitotic cell spreading, and conversely, the constitutively active Rap1[Q63E] mutant inhibits the cell retraction that occurs at the beginning of mitosis. In depth characterisation of the associated phenotypes indicates that Rapl modulates the dynamics of adhesion complexes during mitosis
Ouelaa-Benslama, Radia. "Mécanismes de la Transition Epithélio-Mésenchymateuse induite dans les Cellules MCF-7 du Cancer du Sein : dominance des voies de signalisation des GalphaGbetagamma , AKT et PKCalpha". Thesis, Paris 11, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA11T091.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) confers an aggressive subtype to breast cancers (BC) following disruption of intercellular junctions, epithelial cell polarity, induction of mesenchymal traits, invasive growth and chemotherapy resistance. However, the mechanisms underlying the EMT and its associated signaling dysfunctions in BC are still poorly understood. Here, we have undertaken a comparative study in two genetic models of MCF-7 breast cancer cells induced to EMT by WISP-2 silencing and Snail transformation.We report that the E-cadherin repressors Slug, Zeb1/2 and Twist were overexpressed in these EMT cells. They induced a triple negative phenotype (loss of estrogen ERα and progesterone PRA/PRB receptors, no HER2 amplification), combined with loss of the GPR30 ER and promotion of invasive growth in collagen gels. Ectopic Snail expression suppressed WISP-2 transcripts and down-regulated WISP-2 gene promoter expression in transfected cells. The EMT caused dominance of several proinvasive pathways including GαGβγ subunits, PKCα, AKT and c-Jun induction, coupled with growth responses (more cells at S and G2/M phases of the cell cycle), in line with inhibition of the p27kip1/cyclin-dependent kinase CDK3 cascade. RNA interference or selective inhibitors targeting GαGβγ subunits (BIM-46187, gallein), PKCα (Gö6976, MT477, sh-RNAs) and PI3K-AKT (wortmannin) alleviated the invasive phenotype. In contrast, MCF-7 cells in EMT showed signalingindependence to inhibitors of HER family tyrosine kinases and the mitogen- and stressactivated protein kinases. Our study suggests that the signaling protagonists GαGβγ, PKCα and PI3K-AKT are promising candidates as predictive molecular biomarkers and therapeutic targets in the management of clinical BC in EMT
Toupet, Karine. "Stratégies thérapeutiques des maladies à prions". Montpellier 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009MON20128.
Pełny tekst źródłaPrion diseases are fatal neurodegenerative disorders that affect both humans and animals. These diseases are induced by the accumulation in the brain of the misfolded isoform of the normal cellular prion protein: PrPSc. The emergence of new risks of transmission for these diseases and the lack of efficient treatments, prompt us to search for new therapeutic strategies and targets. We developed two innovative therapeutic approaches. The first one consisted in searching for molecules able to trap preamyloid forms of PrPSc (dimers and trimers), known as key elements in the replication cycle of prions. A drugs screening approach, in silico and in cellulo, allowed us to discover thienyl pyrimidine and thienyl azine compounds able to specifically oligomerize PrPSc molecules. These PrPSc oligomers decrease prions infectivity in vivo, highlighting the therapeutic potential of these compounds. Our second strategie is a gene therapy approach using the dominant negative properties of certain polymorphisms of the prion protein, such as the Q218K and Q167R mutants. Our objective was to evaluate the therapeutic potential of lentiviral vectors carrying the PrPQ218K and PrPQ167R mutants, in mice, at the terminal stage of the disease. We succeeded in significantly prolonging the survival time of mice of 20%, with two intracerebrally chronic injections of lentiviral vectors carrying the PrPQ167R mutant. All our results not only open the way for new therapeutic strategies against prion diseases but also will benefit for therapies of other neurodegenerative disorders
Dhifallah, Sandra. "Étude fonctionnelle de mutations des canaux sodiques potentiel-dépendants Nav1.1 et Nav1.2 : corrélation phénotype/génotype et mise en évidence d’un mécanisme spécifique pour les troubles du spectre de l’autisme". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Côte d'Azur, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020COAZ6004.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe genes encoding for the voltage-gated sodium channels (Nav) expressed in the central nervous system are the target of numerous mutations leading to various phenotypes. The aim of my work is to understand why mutations in the same gene can lead to distinct pathologies in order to consider the development of new therapeutic approaches. The SCN1A gene encoding for the Nav1.1 channels, mainly expressed in GABAergic interneurons (GABA IN), is the target of mutations responsible for epileptic syndromes and familial hemiplegic migraine (FHM-3), a rare form of migraine with aura. The mutations responsible for epilepsy have been shown to cause a loss of function, which leads to hypoexcitability of GABA IN and subsequently to the network hyperexcitability. At the opposite, the mutations responsible for MHF-3 showed a gain of function and hyperexcitability of GABA IN which can lead to the cortical spreading depression, a pathological mechanism of migarine. In particular, the functional study of the L1649Q mutation showed that the mutation leads to an important decrease of the current density (loss of function). Analysis of the biophysical properties of the mutated channels after partial recovery of the current density showed that the overall effect of the mutation is a gain of function, consistent with an hyperexcitability of GABA IN (Cestele and al. 2013 PNAS). In order to identify if other FHM-3 mutations share the same mechanism (loss / gain of function), the first part of my thesis aimed to characterize a new mutation responsible for MHF-3, L1670W. This mutation leads to a defect in the Nav1.1 channels expression at the membrane but after partial recovery of the current density, the mutation induces a clear gain of function of Nav1.1 channels. These results showed that the L1670W mutation, like the L1649Q mutation, leads to a defect in the Nav1.1 channels expression at the membrane and a gain in function, thus reinforcing the hypothesis that this mechanism could be generalized to other mutations responsible for MHF-3. The SCN2A gene encodes for the α subunit of Nav1.2 channels mainly expressed in excitatory neurons. Mutations in the SCN2A gene are responsible for different pathologies such as benign epilepsies, epileptic encephalopathies and autism spectrum disorder (ASD). To date, the detailed mechanisms responsible for these different pathologies remain unclear. In order to elucidate the genotype/phenotype relationship, we studied the functional effects of 23 SCN2A mutants responsible for these different pathologies. Our results show that all the mutations responsible for ASD induce an important decrease (almost complete) of the current density while for the other pathologies the effects are heterogeneous. In order to reproduce the heterozygous conditions, we studied the co-expression of wild-type (WT) channels with each mutated channel. Our results showed a reduction in the WT channels current density only in the presence of channels carrying mutations responsible for ASD. Consequently, only the mutations responsible for ASD induce a negative dominance on WT channels. To determine whether this negative dominance mechanism is due to the interaction of α subunits described recently (Clatot et al., 2018 Nat Commun), we used different strategies to inhibit this interaction. The results obtained showed that the negative dominance effect of the mutants responsible for ASD is no longer observed when the interaction between the α subunits is inhibited. Therefore, our results allow us to describe for the first time that mutations in Na+ channels responsible for ASD act by a negative dominance mechanism, which is mediated by the interaction between WT and mutated channels
Welman, Mélanie. "Étude du rôle des domaines structuraux et du motif de ciblage YXXO dans le transport intracellulaire et de l'activité fusogénique de la gp41 du VIH-1". Thèse, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/15818.
Pełny tekst źródłaSavard, Antoine. "Stabilité des bulles de masse négative dans un espace-temps de de Sitter". Thèse, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/23817.
Pełny tekst źródłaNegative mass makes perfect physical sense as long as the dominant energy condition is satisfied by the corresponding energy-momentum tensor. Until now, only configurations of negative mass have been found. We demonstrate the existence of stable, negative-mass bubbles in an asymptotic de Sitter space-time. The bubbles are solutions of the Einstein equations which correspond to an interior region of space-time containing a specific distribution of mass separated by a thin wall from the exact, negative mass Schwarzschild-de Sitter space-time in the exterior. Then, we apply the Israel junction conditions at the wall which impose the conservation of energy and momentum across the wall. The junction conditions give rise to an effective potential for the radius of the wall that depends on the interior mass distribution, or vice versa. Finally, we find a potential that gives rise to stable, non-singular, static solutions, which yields an interior mass distribution that everywhere satisfies the dominant energy condition. However, the energy momentum of the wall does not satisfy the dominant energy condition. Moreover, we find a stable, non-singular, static solution for a pure de Sitter geometry inside the bubble. The solution is fundamentally different: the energy density of the bubble is no longer a constant, but now varies with the radius. The dominant energy condition is everywhere satisfied.
Duhamel, François. "Caractérisation du rôle de la voie Jak/STAT dans la réponse mitogénique des récepteurs couplés aux protéines G". Thèse, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/15487.
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