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Coventry, Emma. "Antibacterial and antifungal properties of neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss)". Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 1997. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk/R?func=search-advanced-go&find_code1=WSN&request1=AAIU100079.
Pełny tekst źródłaRobertson, Susan Laura. "Studies on the mode of action of azadirachtin from the neem tree, Azadirachta indica using insect cell lines". Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.415679.
Pełny tekst źródłaBittencourt, Alexandre Muzy. "O cultivo do nim indiano (Azadirachta indica A. Juss)". reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFPR, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1884/10304.
Pełny tekst źródłaHaldar, S. "Chemical finger-printing, metabolic profiling, and biotransformation of neem (Azadirachta Indica) limonoids". Thesis(Ph.D.), CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, 2014. http://dspace.ncl.res.in:8080/xmlui/handle/20.500.12252/1971.
Pełny tekst źródłaKeeler, Cory M. "Control of Dermestes maculatus (Coleoptera:Dermestidae) in an interior storage situation with neem, Azadirachta indica". Thesis, McGill University, 1999. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=21579.
Pełny tekst źródłaEeswara, Janakie Prasanthika. "The production of the insect antifeedant azadirachtin and related metabolites by plant cell and tissue culture of neem (Azadirachta indica)". Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 1996. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk/R?func=search-advanced-go&find_code1=WSN&request1=AAIU482655.
Pełny tekst źródłaDallaqua, Bruna [UNESP]. "Intervenção com Azadirachta indica (Neem) na prenhez de ratas diabéticas: repercussões materno-fetais". Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/99186.
Pełny tekst źródłaCoordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
Diabetes mellitus (DM) é uma síndrome de etiologia múltipla caracterizada por hiperglicemia crônica. Esta hiperglicemia induz o aumento na produção de espécies reativas de oxigênio (ERO) e diminuição das defesas antioxidantes. Devido às complicações causadas pelo diabete, muitos indivíduos optam por terapias alternativas à base de plantas medicinais para amenizar seus efeitos. Sendo assim, nesta revisão de literatura, foram analisados e descritos diversos trabalhos experimentais com a utilização de animais diabéticos para comprovar os efeitos antioxidantes de algumas dessas plantas e verificar se os títulos e resumos disponibilizados nos artigos são compatíveis aos objetivos de nossa busca
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a syndrome of multiple etiologies characterized by chronic hyperglycemia. This hyperglycemia induces increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and decreased antioxidant defenses. Due to complications caused by diabetes, many people choose for alternative therapies and herbal medicine to alleviate its effects. Thus, in this literature review, several experimental studies with the use of diabetic animals were analyzed to demonstrate the antioxidant effects of some plants and to verify if the titles and abstracts provided in the articles are compatible to the aims of our search
Dallaqua, Bruna. "Intervenção com Azadirachta indica (Neem) na prenhez de ratas diabéticas : repercussões materno-fetais /". Botucatu : [s.n.], 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/99186.
Pełny tekst źródłaCoorientador: Tiago Rodrigues
Banca: Kleber Eduardo de Campos
Banca: Emilio Herrera
Resumo: Diabetes mellitus (DM) é uma síndrome de etiologia múltipla caracterizada por hiperglicemia crônica. Esta hiperglicemia induz o aumento na produção de espécies reativas de oxigênio (ERO) e diminuição das defesas antioxidantes. Devido às complicações causadas pelo diabete, muitos indivíduos optam por terapias alternativas à base de plantas medicinais para amenizar seus efeitos. Sendo assim, nesta revisão de literatura, foram analisados e descritos diversos trabalhos experimentais com a utilização de animais diabéticos para comprovar os efeitos antioxidantes de algumas dessas plantas e verificar se os títulos e resumos disponibilizados nos artigos são compatíveis aos objetivos de nossa busca
Abstract: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a syndrome of multiple etiologies characterized by chronic hyperglycemia. This hyperglycemia induces increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and decreased antioxidant defenses. Due to complications caused by diabetes, many people choose for alternative therapies and herbal medicine to alleviate its effects. Thus, in this literature review, several experimental studies with the use of diabetic animals were analyzed to demonstrate the antioxidant effects of some plants and to verify if the titles and abstracts provided in the articles are compatible to the aims of our search
Mestre
Coelho, Mirelly Medeiros. "Avaliação hematológica e hepática de ovinos sob tratamento com torta de Neem (Azadirachta indica)". Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, 2014. http://tede.udesc.br/handle/handle/903.
Pełny tekst źródłaCoordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
Due to high levels of parasite resistance to different commercial active ingredients, new control alternatives are being studied, including the phytotherapy. These measures aim to search for helper methods in the control of parasitic diseases. However, there are many products available in the market and they have no scientific proof of its efficacy or possible side effects. The objective of this study was to evaluate the hematological and hepatic effects following administration of Neem pie (Azadirachta indica) in sheep. Three strengths of Neem cake was added to the mineral salt (1, 2 and 4 %) and administered during 126 days to 32 Lacaune sheep breed, divided into four groups: three groups for different treatments and a control were tested, which received mineral salt. Blood samples were taken every 21 days to perform the complete blood count, serum total plasma protein and fibrinogen and liver biochemical evaluation. In those same times, fecal samples were collected for quantification of eggs per gram of feces (EPG). Statistical differences between times and groups for several variables were observed, but without being related to the administration of Neem pie. The results of complete blood count, measurement of total plasma protein, fibrinogen and hepatic clinical biochemistry indicated that administration of Neem pie at concentrations of 1, 2 and 4%, does not interfere in hematological values , or on the integrity and liver function Lacaune sheep breed
Devido aos altos índices de resistência dos parasitas aos diferentes princípios ativos comerciais, novas alternativas de controle vêm sendo estudadas, entre elas a fitoterapia. Essas medidas visam a busca de métodos auxiliares no controle das parasitoses, entretanto, muitos produtos estão disponíveis no mercado e não têm comprovação científica de sua eficácia ou de possíveis efeitos colaterais. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar os efeitos hematológicos e hepáticos após a administração de torta de Neem (Azadirachta indica) em ovinos. Foram testadas três dosagens da torta de Neem adicionada ao sal mineral (1, 2 e 4%), administradas por 126 dias para 32 ovinos da raça Lacaune, divididos em quatro grupos sendo três grupos para os diferentes tratamentos e um controle, o qual recebeu somente sal mineral. Amostras de sangue foram colhidas a cada 21 dias para realização do hemograma completo, dosagem de proteína plasmática total e fibrinogênio e avaliação da bioquímica clínica hepática. Nestas mesmas ocasiões, amostras de fezes foram coletadas para a quantificação de ovos por grama de fezes (OPG). Foram observadas diferenças estatísticas entre momentos e grupos para diversas variáveis, porém sem estarem relacionadas à administração de torta de Neem. Os resultados obtidos de hemograma completo, dosagem de proteína plasmática total, fibrinogênio e de bioquímica clínica hepática indicaram que a administração de torta de Neem nas concentrações de 1, 2 e 4%, não interfere nos valores hematológicos, nem sobre a integridade e função hepática de ovinos da raça Lacaune
Jarvis, Andrew Paul. "Isolation and degradation of triterpenoids from tissue cultures and seeds of Neem (Azadirachta indica)". Thesis, Keele University, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.263202.
Pełny tekst źródłaJaved, Nazir. "The use of neem (Azadirachta indica) products to control root knot nematodes (Meloidogyne javanica) and their possible use in an integrated control programme". Thesis, University of Reading, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.270221.
Pełny tekst źródłaNanang, David M. "The silviculture, growth and yield of neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss.) plantations in northern Ghana". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1996. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp04/MQ33419.pdf.
Pełny tekst źródłaKeeler, Cory M. "Control of Dermestes maculatus (Coleoptera: Dermestidae) in an interior storage situation with neem, Azadirachta indica". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/MQ50803.pdf.
Pełny tekst źródłaAssunção, Patrícia da Silva. "Utilização da torta de Neem (Azadirachta Indica) como antimicrobiano em rações de frangos de corte". Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2016. http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tede/5843.
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An experiment objective was conducted to evaluate the use of Neem cake (Azadirachta indica) as an antimicrobial in broiler rations. Used 240 chicks cutting males of Cobb, 1 day old, distributed in a completely randomized design with 4 treatments, 6 replications of 10 birds each. The treatments were basal diet without adding antimicrobial diet with 0.05% tylosin, diet with 0.05% Neem and diet with 0.1% Neem. The performance of the birds, weight gain, feed intake and feed conversion were evaluated at 7 and 21 days. There was also the analysis of digestibility of the feed nutrients, from 18 to 21 days of bird life. Swabs were performed in five birds each repetition to one, 14 and 21 days of age to Salmonella sp count. and Escherichia coli. At 21 days of age a bird by repetition was euthanized to make the collection and weighing of the lymphoid organs (spleen, bursa and thymus) of birds. Performance data and metabolization of the feed nutrients were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the means were compared by Tukey test at 5% significance level. The E. coli count data were analyzed by the Kruskal-Wallis test. The use of Neem cake did not influence the performance variables evaluated, and also had no effect on digestibility. There was no growth of salmonella during the trial period, the means used. The Neem cake did not reduce the intestinal population of E. coli, and did not affect the weight of the lymphoid organs (spleen, bursa and Timo). We conclude that the use of Neem cake as a growth promoter and antimicrobial, did not affect the performance, digestibility and intestinal microbiota of birds up to 21 days old.
Foi realizado um experimento com objetivo de avaliar a utilização de torta de Neem (Azadirachta indica) como antimicrobiano em rações de frangos de corte. Foram utilizados 240 pintos de corte machos da linhagem Cobb, com 1 dia de idade, distribuídos em delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado, com 4 tratamentos, 6 repetições de 10 aves por unidade experimental. Os tratamentos foram dieta basal sem inclusão de antimicrobiano, dieta com 0,05% de tilosina, dieta com 0,05% de Neem e dieta com 0,1% de Neem. O desempenho das aves, ganho de peso, consumo de ração e conversão alimentar, foram avaliados aos 7 e 21 dias de idade. Também foi feita a análise de metabolizabilidade dos nutrientes da ração, do dia 18 aos 21 dia de vida das aves. Foram realizados suabes de cloaca em cinco aves de cada repetição aos um, 14 e 21dias de idade para fazer a contagem de Salmonella sp. e de Escherichia coli. Aos 21 dias de idade uma ave por repetição foi eutanasiada, para fazer a coleta e a pesagem dos órgãos linfóides (baço, bursa e timo) das aves. Os dados de desempenho e metabolização dos nutrientes da ração foram submetidos à análise de variância (ANOVA) e as médias comparadas pelo teste Tuckey ao nível de 5% de significância. Os dados de contagem de E. coli foram analisados pelo teste de Kruskal-Wallis. O uso da torta de Neem não influenciou nas variáveis de desempenho avaliadas, e também não influenciou na metabolizabilidade . Não se observou crescimento de salmonella durante o período experimental, nos meios utilizados. A torta de Neem não reduziu a população intestinal de E. coli, assim como também não influenciou no peso dos órgãos linfóides(baço, bursa e Timo). Conclui-se que o uso da torta de Neem como promotor de crescimento e antimicrobiano, não afetou o desempenho, a metabolizabilidade e a microbiota intestinal das aves até 21 dias de idade.
Joshi, Medha. "Tissue culture studies in neem (azadirachta indica A. juss):micropropagation, embryogenesis and secondary product analysis". Thesis(Ph.D.), CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, 1997. http://dspace.ncl.res.in:8080/xmlui/handle/20.500.12252/3178.
Pełny tekst źródłaJoshi, M. "Tissue culture studies in neem (azadirachta indica A. juss):micropropagation, embryogenesis and secondary product analysis". Thesis(Ph.D.), CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, 1997. http://dspace.ncl.res.in:8080/xmlui/handle/20.500.12252/5965.
Pełny tekst źródłaKarkare, Swagata. "Direct inhibition of Retinoblastoma phosphorylation by Nimbolide causes cell cycle arrest and suppresses Glioblastoma growth". University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1380613326.
Pełny tekst źródłaSilva, Júlio César Teixeira da. "Isolamento de tetranortriterpenóides de sementes de Azadirachta indica (Nim) e avaliação da atividade nematicida sobre Heterodera glycines". Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 2005. http://www.locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/8783.
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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico
Os extratos brutos de nim foram preparados a partir de sementes extraídas seqüencialmente com hexano, metanol e água. O extrato metanólico foi particionado com acetato de etila e água seguido por tratamento com carvão ativo, repetindo-se 3 vezes e obtendo-se o extrato concentrado enriquecido com 60% de azadiractina A (Aza- A 60). Primeiramente, isolou-se azadiractina A através da injeção de 700 mg de Aza-A 60 no cromatógrafo em contracorrente (CCC), com coluna de politetrafluoretileno e 116mL de capacidade, utilizando-se o sistema bifásico hexano:butanol:metanol:água (1:0.9:1:0.9, v/v) eluído a 2mL/min, na direção cabeça-cauda. Coletaram-se 30 frações recuperando-se 95% do material injetado. Após monitoramento por cromatografia em camada delgada (CCD) usando-se tolueno:acetato de etila:metanol (10:1:2, v/v/v) como sistema eluente, as frações (9-13) foram purificadas por cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência de fase reversa (CLAE-FR) preparativa, utilizando-se uma coluna LC-8 (250 x 21 mm di, 5 μm) e metanol:água (50:50 v/v) a 6mL/min, sendo os efluentes monitorados num comprimento de onda de 217 nm. Assim, obteve-se Aza-A com 96% de pureza, segundo CLAE-FR analítica e sua estrutura foi confirmada por RMN 13 C. Num segundo estudo foram isolados azadiractina B (Aza-B), azadiractina H (Aza-H), desacetilnimbim (Dnim), desacetilsalanim (Dsal), nimbim (Nim) e salanim (Sal) injetando-se 4.2 g de Aza-A 60 (700 mg/corrida) no CCC seguindo as mesmas condições relatadas no isolamento de Aza-A. Após as 6 injeções, obtiveram-se duas frações principais que foram reunidas após monitoramento por (CCD), havendo recuperação de 97% do material injetado. A primeira delas, correspondendo à soma das frações (9-13) de cada injeção, foi purificada por CLAE-FR preparativa nas mesmas condições do isolamento de Aza-A, obtendo-se Aza-B e Aza-H, ambas com 97% de pureza, segundo análises por CLAE. A segunda fração, referente à soma das frações (17-30) de cada injeção, foi purificada utilizando-se metanol:água (60:40 v/v) a 8 mL/min, obtendo-se Dnim, Dsal, Nim e Sal, todos 97% puros após análises por CLAE analítica, sendo todas estruturas confirmadas por RMN 13 C. Todos os compostos purificados bem como extratos brutos de sementes de nim foram submetidos a ensaios de atividade nematicida sobre Heterodera glycines. Avaliando-se a mobilidade de juvenis do segundo estádio (J2), seguindo a metodologia do tubo invertido, verificou-se que ocorreu menor recuperação (P 0,05) dos J2 tratados com os extratos brutos aquoso (1/2 e 1/10 v/v) e metanólico (1000 ppm), sendo que o extrato hexânico não apresentou efeito nematicida. A atividade dos extratos brutos aquoso e metanólico foi atribuída, respectivamente, à presença de saponinas e triterpenóides (limonóides). Nos ensaios em casa de vegetação, plantas de soja inoculadas com juvenis tratados com os extratos aquoso (1/2 e 1/10 v/v) ou metanólico (1000 ppm) produziram menos fêmeas e ovos (P 0,05), se comparada à testemunha. O extrato de Aza-A 60 (70 ppm) causou maior imobilidade (P 0,05) dos J2 (92%), sendo esta proporcional às concentrações estudadas. A mortalidade dos J2 foi avaliada para todos os triterpenóides isolados nas concentrações de 0,8, 8 e 80 ppm, havendo redução do número de J2 recuperados com aumento das dosagens aplicadas. Nim e Sal a 80 ppm foram os mais efetivos causando 99% de mortalidade. Plantas de soja inoculadas com J2 tratados com os triterpenóides a 80 ppm apresentaram um efeito nematicida médio de 95% na redução do número de fêmeas e ovos (P 0,05), se comparados à testemunha. Com relação à eclosão dos ovos, os triterpenóides testados a 100 ppm apresentaram uma atividade ovicida média (P 0,05) de 50 %, em relação à testemunha, e não se observou ação nematostática até 96 horas após o tratamento.
Crude extracts were prepared from Neem seeds by sequential extraction with n- hexane, methanol and water. The methanolic extract was partitioned three times between ethyl acetate and water and treated with activated charcoal to obtain a concentrate (Aza-A 60) containing 60% azadirachtin A (aza-A). In the first study, aza- A (the major triterpenoid) was isolated by countercurrent chromatography (CCC) fitted with polytetrafluorethylene coil (116 mL volume) using the biphasic solvent system n- hexane:butanol:methanol:water (l:0.9:l:0.9,v/v) by injecting 700 mg of Aza-A 60 and eluting with 2mL/min, in the head to tail direction. Thirty fractions (3 mL each) were collected with 95% of the material being recovered. After monitoring by thin-layer chromatography (TLC) using toluene:ethyl acetate:methanol (10:1:2, v/v) as the developing solvent, the fractions (9-13) were purified by preparative reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) using the LC-8 stainless-steel column (5 μm, 250 x 21 mm id, Supelco) and methanol:water (50:50 v/v) as eluent at a flow rate of 6mL/min. The effluents were monitored at 217 nm. Aza-A thus obtained was about 96% pure according to HPLC analysis. The structure of aza-A was confirmed by NMR (13C). In the second study, six minor triterpenoids, i.e., azadirachtin B (aza-B), azadirachtin H (aza-H), desacetylnimbin (Dnim), desacetylsalannin (Dsal), nimbin (Nim) and salannin (Sal) were isolated by injecting 4.2 g of Aza-A 60 (700 mg/run) in CCC, using the same conditions as described for the isolation of aza-A. After the six injections, two main fractions were obtained and monitored by TLC with 97% of the injected material being recovered. The first fractions (9-13) were purified by RP-HPLC as described above to obtain aza-B and aza-H, both 97% pure as attested by analytical HPLC. The second fraction (17-30) was purified using methanol:water (60:40 v/v) at a flow rate of 8 mL/min, with dnim, dsal, nim and sal being obtained (each 97% pure) according to HPLC analysis and their structures being confirmed by NMR (13C). The nematicidal activity against Heterodera glycines of all the above-purified compounds and crude extracts was evaluated. The mobility of the second stage juveniles (J2) was evaluated by the inverted tube methodology. A smaller recovery (P 0.05) of J2 treated with the aqueous crude (l/2 and 1/10 v/v) and methanolic (1000 ppm) extract was obtained while the hexane extract did not present activity. The activity of the aqueous crude and methanolic extracts was likely due to the presence of saponins and triterpenoids (limonoids), respectively. In the greenhouse assay, soy plants inoculated with juveniles treated with the aqueous (l/2 and 1/10 v/v) or methanolic (1000 ppm) extract produced less females and eggs (P 0,05) as compared to the control. The extract Aza-A 60 (70 ppm) caused larger immobility (P 0,05) of J2 (92%), proportional to the studied concentrations. The mortality of J2 for all the isolated triterpenoids at concentrations of 0.8, 8 and 80 ppm was evaluated with a reduction in the number of the J2 recovered, observed with increase of the applied dosages. Nim and Sal at 80 ppm were the most effective causing 99% mortality. Soy plants inoculated with J2 treated with the triterpenoids at 80 ppm presented medium nematicidal effect of 95%, reducing the number of females and eggs (P 0,05) as compared to the control. In regard to egg hatching, the triterpenoids tested at 100 ppm showed medium ovicide activity (P 0,05) of 50% as compared to the control with no nematostatic activity being observed 96 h after treatment.
Alves, Josà Everton. "Toxicity of neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss.: Meliaceae) for Apis mellifera and its beekeeping importance in caatinga and coastal vegatations of CearÃ". Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2010. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=7390.
Pełny tekst źródłaNeem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss.: Meliaceae) is a plant species originating in India introduced to Brazil mainly due to its insecticidal properties. However, the effect of such insecticidal properties on floral visitors, wild or reared, is not known. This study aimed to evaluate the toxicity of this plant species to Apis mellifera and its importance as a source of pollen and nectar for beekeeping. Experiments on the neem floral biology, floral visitors, A. mellifera colony development in areas with and without neem in the caatnga a coastal vegetations and larval and adult survivalship when fed with pollen or nectar of neem in controlled environment were carried out in the bee labs of the Universidade Federal do Cearà - UFC, Universidade Estadual Vale do Acaraà - UVA and private properties in the state of CearÃ, Brazil. Results showed that all neem individuals studied bore bissexual flowers, with anthesis occurring around 16:00h and most flower buds presenting receptive stigmas and releasing pollen, though still unviable, 24h before anthesis. The highest pollen viability was observed at anthesis. Flowers of A. indica produced nectar in diminute amounts that did not allow sampling with capilars. Apis mellifera workers were the only floral visitors registered showing higher frequency early in the morning, when searching for pollen and nectar, and pollinating neem flowers. The wind played no role in neem pollination. Results also showed that honeybee colonies placed in the area with neem produced significantly (p<0.05) larger brood area than those palcedwhere neem was absent, both in caatinga and coastal vegetations. This difference was significanlty (p<0.05) greater in caatinga, where there were less natural resources during the dry season than in the coastal vegetation. Regarding brood mortality, that in caatinga with neem was higher (p<0.05) than thaof coastal vegetation with neem, and when compared within the same biome, brood mortality in colonies placed in areas with neem was significantly (p<0.05) higher than that in colonies of areas without neem. Despite brood mortality be higher in areas with neem, such mortality percentual was less than 10%, and within normal mortality parameters for honeybee brood. Under controlled environment, adult A. mellifera fed exclusively on neem were the ones with the shortest lifespan, but as neem was progressively replaced in the diet for other food sources, the worker lifespan increased. Flower odor per si did not produce repelence nor affect bee lifespan. Honeybee brood reared in artificial cups in the lab receiving larval food + neem pollen presented 100% mortality, significantly (p<0.05) higher than the other treatments (larval food, larval food + 100% pollen from other sources, larval food + 50% pollen from other sources + 50% neem pollen). It was concluded that the use of neem in association with other sources of pollen and nectar seems to estimulate colony growth due to the augment in food availability compensating, in populational terms, the increase in brood mortality. This effect seems to be inversally proportional to the scarcity of other floral resources, being as higher as shorter becomes the availability of other sources of pollen and nectar. However, both neem pollen and neem nectar are toxic for adults and larvas of A. mellifera, and it is not advisable its use as exclusive food source to these bees. Regarding other floral vistors of caatinga and coastal vegetation fauna, apparently neem does not constitute any threat or food resource, because no native species was observed exploiting this plant species. There is a need for further studies to determine safety levels for use of neem in beekeeping, to learn about other possible effects on A. mellifera individuals and colony and to investigate better the relationship of this plant species with native floral visitors.
O nim (Azadirachta indica A. Juss.: Meliaceae) à uma planta de origem indiana introduzida no territÃrio brasileiro principalmente devido Ãs suas propriedades inseticidas. No entanto, nÃo se sabe ainda como essas propriedades afetam os visitantes florais e seus possÃveis efeitos sobre polinizadores silvestres e para a apicultura. O presente estudo objetivou, portanto, avaliar a toxicidade dessa espÃcie vegetal para Apis mellifera e sua importÃncia como planta apÃcola. Para tanto, experimentos sobre a biologia floral da espÃcie, visitantes florais, desenvolvimento de colÃnias de A. mellifera em Ãreas com e sem nim nos bioma caatinga e mata litorÃnea e sobrevivÃncia de larvas e adultos alimentados com pÃlen e/ou nÃctar de nim em ambiente controlado foram conduzidos no LaboratÃrio de Abelhas da Universidade Federal do Cearà - UFC, no LaboratÃrio de Apicultura da Universidade Estadual Vale do Acaraà - UVA e em propriedades particulares no Estado do CearÃ. Os resultados mostraram que todos os indivÃduos estudados de nim apresentaram flores bissexuadas, com antese por volta das 16 horas e que a maioria dos botÃes florais encontra-se com seus estigmas receptivos e suas anteras liberando pÃlen, ainda inviÃvel, 24 horas antes da antese. A maior viabilidade do pÃlen ocorre no momento da antese. Foi encontrado nÃctar nas flores de A. indica, porÃm em quantidades diminutas que nÃo permitiu a captura pelos tubos capilares. As abelhas Apis mellifera foram os Ãnicos visitantes florais, apresentando maior freqÃÃncia logo nas primeiras horas do amanhecer, onde procuraram coletar nÃctar e pÃlen, sendo as responsÃvÃis pela polinizaÃÃo do nim. O vento nÃo apresentou influÃncia na polinizaÃÃo. Os resultados mostraram que as colÃnias distribuÃdas na Ãrea com nim apresentaram uma populaÃÃo de crias significativamente maior (p<0,05) do que as dispostas na Ãrea sem nim, tanto na caatinga como na mata litorÃnea. Essa diferenÃa foi siginificativamente maior (p<0,05) na caatinga, onde havia menos recursos naturais no perÃodo seco do ano, do que na mata litorÃnea. Quanto à mortalidade de larvas das colÃnias, a da caatinga com nim foi mais elevada (p<0,05) do que a da mata litorÃnea com nim, e quando comparadas dentro do mesmo bioma, a mortalidade das larvas das colÃnias nas Ãreas com nim foi significativamente superior (p<0,05) Ãs das colÃnias colocadas nas Ãreas sem nim. Apesar da mortalidade das crias ter sido mais elevada em Ãreas com nim, este percentual de mortalidade geralmente foi inferior a 10%, valor limite considerado aceitÃvel. Em ambinete controlado, adultos de A. mellifera que se alimentaram exclusivamente dos recursos florais de A. indica foram os que apresentaram menor tempo mÃdio de vida. Verificou-se que na medida em que os recursos florais de A. indica eram substituÃdos por outras fontes alimentares na dieta, o tempo mÃdio de vida aumentava. O simples odor das flores nÃo apresentou efeito de repelÃncia e nÃo afetou a longevidade das operÃrias. As larvas de operÃrias de A. mellifera criadas em cÃpulas artificiais, sob condiÃÃes de laboratÃrio, que receberam alimento larval juntamente com pÃlen exclusivo de A. indica tiveram mortalidade de 100%, sendo significativamente superior (p<0,05) à mortalidade das demais dietas (alimento larval, alimento larval + 100 % pÃlen diverso, alimento larval + 50% pÃlen diverso + 50% pÃlen de nim). Conclui-se entÃo que o uso do nim associado à outras fontes de pÃlen e nÃctar parece estimular o desenvolvimento das colÃnias pelo acrÃscimo da oferta de alimento, compensando, em termos populacionais, o aumento da mortalidade larval. Esse efeito parece ser inversamente proporcional à escassez de outros recursos florais, sendo tÃo maior quanto menor for a disponibilidade de outras fontes de pÃlen e nÃctar. No entanto, tanto o nÃctar quanto o pÃlen do nim sÃo tÃxicos para adultos e larvas de A. mellifera, nÃo sendo aconselhÃvel o seu uso como fonte exclusiva de alimento para essas abelhas. No que se refere a outros visitantes florais da fauna da caatinga e mata litorÃnea cearense, aparententemente o nim nÃo constitui ameaÃa ou recurso alimentar, haja vista que nÃo foi verificada visitaÃÃo por parte de qualquer espÃcie nativa. Hà a necessidade de maiores estudos para determinar nÃveis seguros de utilizaÃÃo do nim na apicultura, conhecer outros possÃveis efeitos sobre os indivÃduos e colÃnia de A. mellifera e aprofundar o conhecimento da relaÃÃo dessa planta com os visitantes florais nativos.
Fernandes, Julio Israel. "Efic?cia do nim (Azadirachta indica) no controle dos ectoparasitos dos animais dom?sticos". Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, 2009. https://tede.ufrrj.br/jspui/handle/tede/850.
Pełny tekst źródłaConselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico
The objective of the study was to evaluate the efficacy of the aqueous neem (Azadirachta indica) extract on the control of major ectoparasites of domestic animals through in vitro and/or in vivo assays. The product presented effect similar to arthropod growth regulators, inhibiting the development of subsequent stages of Ctenocephalides felis felis and Musca domestica, in which was possible to observe morphological alterations on pupae. Miticidal effects were observed on Otodectes cynotis and, Sarcoptes scabiei on dogs, Notoedres cati on cats and Psoroptes ovis on rabbits, where a dose dependent effect could be observed. Neem did not present efficacy on the control of Amblyomma cajennense and Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus ticks. High concentrations of neem lead to a moderate efficacy on the control of R. sanguineus engorged females in vitro. However, tests in vivo showed low efficacy when used at high concentrations. Already with adults of the same species, the percentage of hatch of larvae was the main parameter to submit the amendment. The neem emulsion did not showed efficacy on the control of canine demodicosis. However, a significant clinical improvement was observed, possibly due to anti-inflammatory properties of the phytotherapic. Despite considered safe to domestic animals, the product lead to grave side effects in all daily treated rabbits, occasioning erythematous areas with alopecia, macules and papules. Similar effects were observed in a single dog which presented sensibility to the product. Cats presented intense transitory sialorrhea caused by ingestion of small quantity of the product during self-grooming. Other animals did not showed adverse effects following product application.
Este estudo foi realizado com o objetivo de avaliar a efic?cia da emuls?o de nim (Azadirachta indica) no controle dos principais ectoparasitos dos animais dom?sticos atrav?s de testes in vitro e/ou in vivo. Verificou-se efeito similar aos reguladores de crescimento de artr?podes, inibindo o desenvolvimento dos est?gios subsequentes de Ctenocephalides felis felis. Efeitos adulticidas foram observados ao administrar o nim em Otodectes cynotis, e Sarcoptes scabiei var. canis em c?es, Notoedres cati, em gatos e Psoroptes ovis em coelhos, onde o efeito dose dependente pode ser observado. O nim n?o apresentou efic?cia no controle dos carrapatos das esp?cies Amblyomma cajennense e Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus. Altas concentra??es de nim levaram a uma efic?cia moderada no controle de f?meas ingurgitadas do carrapato R. sanguineus em testes in vitro. Entretanto, os testes in vivo apresentaram baixa efic?cia quando utilizado em altas concentra??es. J? com adultos da mesma esp?cie, o percentual de eclos?o das larvas foi o principal par?metro a apresentar altera??o. A emuls?o de nim n?o apresentou efic?cia no controle da sarna demod?cica em c?es, entretanto houve melhora das les?es cl?nicas possivelmente devido ?s propriedades anti-inflamat?rias do fitoter?pico. Embora o produto seja considerado seguro para animais dom?sticos, graves efeitos colaterais foram observados em todos os coelhos tratados diariamente com o produto fitoter?pico, ocasionando ?reas eritematosas com alopecia, m?culas e p?pulas. Efeitos similares foram observados em apenas um c?o que demonstrou sensibilidade ao produto. J? os gatos apresentaram intensa sialorr?ia transit?ria causada pela ingest?o de pequena quantidade de produto devido ao h?bito de se lamber dos felinos. Nos demais animais n?o foram observados efeitos adversos ap?s a aplica??o do produto.
Faye, Mamadou. "Nouveau procédé de fractionnement de la graine de Neem (Azadirachta Indica A. Jussi) sénégalais : production d'un bio-pesticide d'huile et de tourteau". Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010INPT0070/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaOriginally from India, neem (Azadirachta indica Juss.) is a tree found in the dry tropics and subtropics of Asia, America and Africa. In Senegal, it produces an average of 50 kg per year of a fruit as a drupe ellipsoid, which generally contains a seed, with an average weight of 270 ± 30 to 91% dry matter. The variability of seeds (45 to 48% of capsular cellulose 52-54%, 24-28% hemicellulose, lignin 7-9% 52-55% almonds: 45 to 58% lipids, proteins 20 to 23% j) and extracted oils (palmitic acid: 17 to 19%, stearic: 14.5 to 17.5%, oleic acid: 42 to 48.5%, linoleic: 16.5 to 20% total sterols: 3 5 g / kg) was analyzed for five regions of Senegal. Extraction of azadirachtin, the main active ingredient of the plant seed by different solvents (methanol, ethanol, water) shows a content of 2 g per kg of seed, mainly localized in the kernel (3.9 g / kg ). The expression conditions of neem seed oil were studied in single-screw press OMEGA 20 and twin-screw CLEXTRAL BC 21. Under optimum conditions, 65 and 68% of the oil is expressed, from 7 to 10% of azadirachtin are entrained with the oil and meal contains 14% fat, 14% protein and about 2 g / kg azadirachtin. Watery splitting under intense shear seeds, led to the extraction of 55% lipids, 50% protein and 80% of azadirachtin, separated as a stable emulsion, composition: water 70% oil 25%, 4% protein, 6 g azadirachtin / kg, and an aqueous phase. The study of the implementation of the method of extraction and separation, twin-screw extruder and then CLEXTRAL BC 21 BC 45, produces continuous stable emulsion 0.3 kg per kg of treated seed (20 kg / h) with a ratio water / seed of 2 and a temperature of 60 ° C. The cake contains only 0.6 g / kg of azadirachtin, and stable emulsion which contains 5 g / kg can be directly implemented in the formulations of insecticide biosourced completely
Rodríguez, Moreno Lesli. "Efecto de productos herbales (Azadirachta indica, Terminalia bellirica y Chebulic myrobalan) sobre los parámetros productivos de corderos en finalización". Tesis de maestría, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11799/111848.
Pełny tekst źródłaEl objetivo del presente estudio fue evaluar el efecto de la inclusión de 2.0% de un poliherbal (Terminalia bellirica, Azadirachta indica y Chebulic myrobalan) y el 0.5 y 1.0% de hojas de A. indica sobre el comportamiento productivo, fermentación ruminal y parámetros sanguíneos de ovinos en finalización. Siguiendo un diseño completamente al azar se emplearon cuarenta corderos Hampshire x Suffolk (22.92 ± 1.46 kg de peso inicial) durante 33 días de experimentación fueron alojados en jaulas metabólicas, los cuales se asignaron aleatoriamente a los tratamientos: 0.0% como control, 2.0 % de poliherbal, 0.5 y 1.0% de hojas de Azadirachta indica. El poliherbal y A. indica en la dieta no modificaron la respuesta productiva ni las variables ruminales (P ≥ 0.05) sin embargo, el 1.0 % de A. indica mostro un incremento lineal (P ≤ 0.0001) en la digestibilidad. El poliherbal incremento glucosa (P ≤ 0.1) y disminuyo colesterol (P ≤ 0.1), incremento el conteo de neutrófilos segmentados y disminuyo linfocitos (P ≤ 0.05), albumina (P ≤ 0.1) y fosfatasa alcalina (P ≤ 0.05). Al emplear A. indica tuvo respuesta lineal en el conteo de monocitos (P ≤ 0.1), un efecto cuadrático en volumen globular (P ≤ 0.1) y eosinófilos (p<0.05), un incremento lineal en albumina y fosforo (P ≤ 0.01), una disminución lineal en globulina (P ≤ 0.01), una disminución cuadrática en colesterol (P ≤ 0.01), fosfatasa alcalina (P ≤ 0.01) y aspartato aminotransferasa (P ≤ 0.05). Con lo cual, se puede concluir que la inclusión del poliherbal no modifica la respuesta productiva y al adicionar Azadirachta indica mejora la digestibilidad, sin embargo, en ambos casos modifica algunos metabolitos sanguíneos de importancia
Mano, Kátia Regina. "Desenvolvimento de Azadirachta indica A. Jussieu submetida a diferentes níveis de nitrogênio na região Oeste do Estado de São Paulo". Universidade do Oeste Paulista, 2006. http://bdtd.unoeste.br:8080/tede/handle/tede/372.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe neem tree (Azadirachta indica A. Jussieu) is an exotic tropical tree that has been studied because its gets azadiractin (AZ) an important active principle with medicinal and insecticide properties. However its forestry characteristics and its handling are few known, so this work comes to contribute with the knowledge of this specie. This work was carried out at west region of São Paulo state. The treatments were six nitrogen rates of urea corresponding at 0; 9; 18; 27; 36; e 45 g of N*plant-1. The experimental design was a randomized blocks with six treatments and five repetitions with four plants per fragment. The characteristics evaluated were: height of tree, Diameter at Breast Height (DBH at 1,30 m from soil) and Diameter at Lap Height (DLH at 0,05 m from soil) The evaluation system to collect measures was in a permanent plot system. There were no statisticals differences among the treatments at 5% of significance.
O nim, Azadirachta indica A Jussieu, é uma espécie arbórea exótica de clima tropical que tem sido muito pesquisada por apresentar azadiractina, princípio ativo com propriedades medicinais e inseticidas. No entanto, as características silviculturais e técnicas para seu manejo ainda são pouco conhecidas. Para contribuir com o conhecimento desta espécie, este experimento foi desenvolvido na região oeste do estado de São Paulo. Os tratamentos foram seis doses diferentes de adubação nitrogenada na forma de uréia equivalendo a 0; 9; 18; 27; 36; e 45 g de N*planta-1. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos casualizados, com 6 tratamentos e 5 repetições, onde cada parcela conteve 4 plantas. Anotou-se a altura da planta e o Diâmetro à Altura do Colo (DAC a 0,05 m do solo), o Diâmetro à Altura do Peito (DAP a 1,30 m do solo). O sistema de avaliação para coleta de dados adotado foi o de parcelas permanentes. Os resultados foram submetidos a análise estatística, que demonstram efeito não significativo a 5% de probabilidade para os tratamentos aplicados.
Duong, Duc Hieu, Xuan Quang Ngo, Dang Giap Do, Thi Anh Hong Le, Vu Thanh Nguyen i Nic Smol. "Effective control of neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss) cake to plant parasitic nematodes and fungi in black pepper diseases in vitro". Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2015. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-190733.
Pełny tekst źródłaBánh dầu neem là sản phẩm của quá trình ép nhân hạt neem để lấy dầu. Các hoạt chất sinh học từ dịch chiết bánh dầu neem đã được đánh giá có tiềm năng lớn trong phòng trừ tuyến trùng nốt sưng và các loài dịch hại khác của nhiều loại cây trồng. Trong nghiên cứu này các nồng độ dịch chiết khác nhau của bánh dầu neem đã được thử nghiệm khả năng diệt tuyến trùng (ấu trùng tuổi 2 thuộc giống Meloidogyne spp.) và ức chế 4 loài nấm bệnh như: Rhizoctonia solani, Sclerotium rolfsii, Collectotrichum spp. và Phytopthora capsici. Độc tính của dịch chiết bánh dầu neem được biểu diễn bởi giá trị EC50 đối với ấu trùng tuổi 2 của tuyến trùng Meloidogyne spp. và các loài nấm bệnh thông qua phân tích Probit. Dịch chiết bánh dầu neem ở nồng độ 5% đã làm chết 100% cá thể IJ2 của Meloidogyne spp sau 24 giờ phơi nhiễm. Dịch nguyên chất bánh dầu neem ức chế cả 4 loài nấm bệnh. Giá trị EC50 của bánh dầu neem lên ấu trùng tuổi 2 của Meloidogyne spp và các loài nấm bệnh Rhizoctonia solani, Sclerotium rolfsii, Collectotrichum spp. and Phytophthora capsici tương ứng là 0.51, 0.74, 0.30, 0.51 và 4.33%
Giglioti, Rodrigo [UNESP]. "Efeito de extratos de sementes de Nim (Azadirachta indica) sobre fêmeas ingurgitadas e larvas de Rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus (CANESTRINI, 1887) (ACARI: IXODIDAE)". Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/96563.
Pełny tekst źródłaConselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)
Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus é considerado o mais importante parasito de bovinos no Brasil. Atualmente seu controle é dificultado pela exigüidade de moléculas acaricidas geradas, e pelo rápido desenvolvimento de resistência dos carrapatos. O presente trabalho teve por objetivo estudar o efeito de quatro extratos oleosos de sementes de Nim (Azadirachta indica) contento 2.000, 5.000, 9.000 e 10.000 ppm de azadiractina (AZA) quantificados por cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência (CLAE) em fêmeas ingurgitadas e larvas de R. (B.) microplus, in vitro. Para os ensaios com fêmeas ingurgitadas foi usado o Teste de Imersão de Adultas e para os ensaios com as larvas o Teste do Pacote com Larvas. Os resultados obtidos nos ensaios com fêmeas ingurgitadas mostraram que o principal efeito tóxico produzido pelos extratos, está relacionado à inibição da reprodução deste parasito. Foram verificadas reduções nas taxas de ovipostura e eclodibilidade das larvas oriundas das fêmeas tratadas com várias diluições dos extratos, em relação aos controles. Nos cálculos de Eficácia do produto (EP) para todas as soluções testadas, observou-se que a solução de 10.000ppm de AZA (N10) apresentou a maior eficácia. Os resultados das análises dos ensaios mostraram significância (p<0,01) dos dois efeitos incluídos no modelo, indicando variações significativas tanto devidas à concentração de AZA, quanto do ensaio realizado. Nas concentrações letais para as fêmeas ingurgitadas verificou-se que as CL50 não apresentaram variações, enquanto que as CL90 apresentaram grandes variações entre os extratos estudados. Nos ensaios com as larvas, não foram observadas mortalidade das larvas, indicando eficácia zero de todos os extratos testados. Os resultados dos ensaios com fêmeas ingurgitadas de R. (B.) microplus mostraram que os extratos oleosos de Nim apresentaram atividade...
Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus is considered the most important cattle parasite in Brazil. Nowadays, his control is complicated by the slowness that acaricides molecules are generated, synthesized through and by the fast development of the resistance of these ticks to the market available products. This work aims to study the effect of four extracts of Neem seed oil (Azadirachta indica) containing 2.000, 5.000, 9.000 and 10.000 ppm of azadirachtin (AZA) quantified by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) on engorged females and larvae of R. (B.) microplus, in vitro. For the tests with engorged females, the Adult Immersion Test was used and for the larvae was used the Larvae Package Test. The test results with the engorged females showed that the main toxic effect produced by the extracts is related to the inhibition of the parasite reproduction. Were observed reductions in oviposition and hatchability rates of the larvae derived from the female treated with several dilutions of extracts, compared to controls. In the Product Effectiveness (PE) for all the test solutions, the 10.000ppm (N10) solution showed the highest efficiency. The analysis results from the tests showed significance (p<0,01) of the two effects included in the model, indicating variations both due to AZA and to the test performed. In the lethal concentration to the engorged females was verified that the CL50 did not show great variation, while the CL90 showed great variation between the studied extracts. In the tests with larvae was not observed mortality of them, indicating zero effectiveness of all tested extracts. The results of the tests with R. (B.) microplus engorged females demonstrated that the extract of Neem seeds oils showed acaricide activity. Thus, it is suggested that further studies can be conducted, such as development of the methods and of excrection, and characterization of other secondary ... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
PARRA, GARCIA ARMANDO MANGLORIO 58327, i GARCIA ARMANDO MANGLORIO PARRA. "Evaluación de extractos de plantas en la nutrición y salud de animales herbívoros". Tesis de doctorado, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11799/104517.
Pełny tekst źródłaSilva, Márcio Alves. "Avaliação do potencial inseticida de Azadirachta indica (Meliaceae) visando ao controle de moscas-das-frutas (Diptera:Tephritidae)". Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11146/tde-03082010-083033/.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe bioactivity of neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss.) as adult bait and as larval growth regulator for Ceratitis capitata (Wied.) and Anastrepha fraterculus (Wied.) was evaluated. Besides, the effect of sublethal concentrations of neem extracts and the oviposition deterrency of the methanolic extract from leaves on C. capitata was evaluated. The estimated LC50 of aqueous extract from seed kernels were 7,522 and 1,368 ppm for adults and 13,028 and 9,390 ppm for immatures of A. fraterculus and C. capitata, respectively. In addition, the oil from seed kernels and the extracts from leaves, branches and seed kernels in different solvents (water, methanol, dichloromethane and hexane) were compared based on the LC50 obtained for adults and immatures. After that, sublethal concentrations from aqueous extract from neem seed kernels for C. capitata adults were estimated (LC15 = 39 ppm, LC30 = 225 ppm and LC45 = 888 ppm) and the effects of such concentrations on the reproduction and logenvity of this species were also accessed. Oviposition deterrency of C. capitata to grapes treated with leaf methanolic extract at different concentrations (10,000; 18,000; 32,000 and 56,000 ppm) was evaluated in free-choice or no-choice test. It was verified that the neem extracts on the concentrations up to 7,522 and to 1,368 ppm did not affect the adults of A. fraterculus and C. capitata, respectively. On the other hand, the extract from seed kernels and branches in dichloromethane at 13,028 ppm provoked mortality in A. fraterculus larvae and the seed kernel extract in methanol and dichloromethane at 9,390 ppm provoked high mortality in C. capitata larvae. The total fecundity was reduced significantly and the fertility decreased on the 8th day when the insects were fed on branch extract in dichloromethane at 888 ppm. The longevity of males and females and the pre-oviposition period were not affected by treatments. The leaf extract in methanol provoked oviposition deterrency for C. capitata in free-choice test, but did not affect its behavior in no-choice test. The C. capitatas early experience did not affect its answer to the grapes treated in free-choice and no-choice situations. The biological activity of the neem extracts to fruit flies is discussed.
Diedhiou, Djibril. "Fractionnement analytique de la graine de neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss.) et de la graine de dattier du désert (Balanites aegyptiaca L.) - Valorisation des constituants de la graine de neem par bioraffinage". Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017INPT0135/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaNeem and desert date seeds were characterized and their fractionation perspectives oriented. A process of fractionation of neem seeds in twin-screw extruder has been studied for the purpose of production and integrated valorization of its fractions: oil, co-extract of azadirachtin, proteins and lipids, and extrusion raffinate. The use of water and water/ethanol mixtures (up to 75% ethanol) with a twin-screw extruder configuration defining four zones (a feed zone, a grinding zone, a solidliquid extraction zone and a solid / liquid separation zone), allows to extract from the filtrate 83 to 86% of the azadirachtin, 86 to 92% of the lipids and 44 to 74% of the proteins of the seed thereby producing a raffinate essentially fibrous containing at most 8% lipids, 12% proteins and 0.82 g/kg azadirachtin. One of the best ways of processing the suspension that is the crude filtrate, is a solid-liquid separation by centrifugation. This separation process makes it possible to obtain a diluted emulsion containing 42 to 64% of the lipids and up to 41% of the proteins of the seed. A centrifugation achieves it effectively, but this separation process can have disadvantages in the treatment of large volumes. Considered as a by-product of the treatment of crude filtrate, the insoluble phase can contain 42 to 64% of the lipids, 32.9 to 47% of the proteins and 10 to 13% of the azadirachtin of the seed. Water has proven to be the best solvent in this fractionation process. The pressing of the neem seeds followed by the aqueous or hydroalcoholic extraction in the same twin-screw extruder makes it possible to extract up to 32% of the oil of the seeds and to recover 20% of the seed oil in clear form, with very little azadirachtin, ensuring better extraction yields of azadirachtin and proteins to the crude filtrate. Two treatment pathways of the filtrates were studied: one leading to an emulsion of azadirachtin and another to a freeze-dried powder of azadirachtin. The valorization of the fibrous extrusion raffinate has been oriented towards the production of agromaterials by thermopressing. A biorefinery scheme of the neem seed for the valorization of its constituents has thus be implemented
Giglioti, Rodrigo. "Efeito de extratos de sementes de Nim (Azadirachta indica) sobre fêmeas ingurgitadas e larvas de Rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus (CANESTRINI, 1887) (ACARI: IXODIDAE) /". Jaboticabal : [s.n.], 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/96563.
Pełny tekst źródłaAbstract: Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus is considered the most important cattle parasite in Brazil. Nowadays, his control is complicated by the slowness that acaricides molecules are generated, synthesized through and by the fast development of the resistance of these ticks to the market available products. This work aims to study the effect of four extracts of Neem seed oil (Azadirachta indica) containing 2.000, 5.000, 9.000 and 10.000 ppm of azadirachtin (AZA) quantified by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) on engorged females and larvae of R. (B.) microplus, in vitro. For the tests with engorged females, the Adult Immersion Test was used and for the larvae was used the Larvae Package Test. The test results with the engorged females showed that the main toxic effect produced by the extracts is related to the inhibition of the parasite reproduction. Were observed reductions in oviposition and hatchability rates of the larvae derived from the female treated with several dilutions of extracts, compared to controls. In the Product Effectiveness (PE) for all the test solutions, the 10.000ppm (N10) solution showed the highest efficiency. The analysis results from the tests showed significance (p<0,01) of the two effects included in the model, indicating variations both due to AZA and to the test performed. In the lethal concentration to the engorged females was verified that the CL50 did not show great variation, while the CL90 showed great variation between the studied extracts. In the tests with larvae was not observed mortality of them, indicating zero effectiveness of all tested extracts. The results of the tests with R. (B.) microplus engorged females demonstrated that the extract of Neem seeds oils showed acaricide activity. Thus, it is suggested that further studies can be conducted, such as development of the methods and of excrection, and characterization of other secondary ... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Orientador: Lucia Galvão de Albuquerque
Coorientador: Márcia Cristina de Sena Oliveira
Banca: Gilson Pereira de Oliveira
Banca: Moacir Rossi Forim
Mestre
Paviani, Veronica. "Efeito do extrato de Azadirachta indica (nim) sobre resposta de hipersensibilidade mediada por ácido salicílico em células de Rubus fruticosus". Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/60/60138/tde-07062010-103706/.
Pełny tekst źródłaPlants, like other organisms, have the capacity to defend themselves against attack by pathogens. One of the responses triggered by pathogen recognition by plant cells is the hypersensitive response (HR), which involves the immediate death of cells in the primary site of infection, providing resistance to the pathogen growth. In this regard, it has been well established that mitochondria are involved in cell death. The neem tree (Azadirachta indica) is known due to its medicinal and insecticidal properties; studies on the insecticidal action of this plant had been restricted to the analysis of their action mechanisms on insects and their effects on rural workers who use neem-based products. However, its impact on plant systems has not been addressed. Considering previous results from our laboratory and literature data we assessed the effects of neem as elicitor, particularly the mechanisms leading to the phenomenon of plant resistance. The neem extract (EB) was prepared from the seeds, characterized biochemically by quantification of phenolic compounds, sugars and proteins. The extract showed strong dose-dependent antioxidant activity (IC50 of 14.85 mg/mL). EB concentrations of 0.1-5 mg/mL, alone or in association with 1 mol/L or 1 mmol/L SA (salicylic acid), were used for the biological assays. For cell death assays, EB was employed in concentrations of 0.1 and 5.0 mg/mL, alone or in association with 1 mol/L SA, during 0-8 hours. EB (0.1 mg/mL), alone or in association with 1 mol/L SA, induced Rubus fruticosus cell death more efficiently than EB alone or in association with 5 mg/mL SA. After 8 hours, a 64% of death of cells elicited with 0.1 mg/mL EB and 71% of death of cells elicited with 0.1 mg/mL EB in association with SA, was observed. Decrease in ROS generation and production of endogenous SA, as well as increased production of phenolic compounds, was observed in intact cells elicited with EB alone. However, when cells were elicited with EB in association with SA, a decreased production of phenolic compounds and an increased production of endogenous SA, was observed. In isolated mitochondria, it was measured oxygen consumption, membrane potential and ROS production for EB alone or in association with 1 mmol/L SA. In either conditions, EB decreased oxygen consumption by the respiratory chain, an effect more pronounced in association with SA: ~79 % inhibition for state 3 and ~ 62 % for state 4 respiration. Also, either neem alone or in association with SA decreased mitochondrial membrane potential, as well as ROS generation to an extent of 55-20% in the presence of antimycin A and 39-10% in the presence of rotenone; in association with SA, EB decreased ROS at 5, 1 and 0.5 mg/mL. Together with our previous study, these results suggest that neem seeds extract has a protective effect on Rubus fruticosus cells by scavenging, via phenolic compounds, reactive oxygen species generated by SA, thereby decreasing its action as cell death inducer.
Duong, Duc Hieu, Xuan Quang Ngo, Dang Giap Do, Thi Anh Hong Le, Vu Thanh Nguyen i Nic Smol. "Effective control of neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss) cake to plant parasitic nematodes and fungi in black pepper diseases in vitro: Research article". Technische Universität Dresden, 2014. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A29103.
Pełny tekst źródłaBánh dầu neem là sản phẩm của quá trình ép nhân hạt neem để lấy dầu. Các hoạt chất sinh học từ dịch chiết bánh dầu neem đã được đánh giá có tiềm năng lớn trong phòng trừ tuyến trùng nốt sưng và các loài dịch hại khác của nhiều loại cây trồng. Trong nghiên cứu này các nồng độ dịch chiết khác nhau của bánh dầu neem đã được thử nghiệm khả năng diệt tuyến trùng (ấu trùng tuổi 2 thuộc giống Meloidogyne spp.) và ức chế 4 loài nấm bệnh như: Rhizoctonia solani, Sclerotium rolfsii, Collectotrichum spp. và Phytopthora capsici. Độc tính của dịch chiết bánh dầu neem được biểu diễn bởi giá trị EC50 đối với ấu trùng tuổi 2 của tuyến trùng Meloidogyne spp. và các loài nấm bệnh thông qua phân tích Probit. Dịch chiết bánh dầu neem ở nồng độ 5% đã làm chết 100% cá thể IJ2 của Meloidogyne spp sau 24 giờ phơi nhiễm. Dịch nguyên chất bánh dầu neem ức chế cả 4 loài nấm bệnh. Giá trị EC50 của bánh dầu neem lên ấu trùng tuổi 2 của Meloidogyne spp và các loài nấm bệnh Rhizoctonia solani, Sclerotium rolfsii, Collectotrichum spp. and Phytophthora capsici tương ứng là 0.51, 0.74, 0.30, 0.51 và 4.33%.
CORREIA, Alicely Araújo. "Histofisiologia do canal alimentar e hemócitos de Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) (Lepidoptera : Noctuidae) tratadas com Nim (Azadirachta indica A.Juss)". Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, 2008. http://www.tede2.ufrpe.br:8080/tede2/handle/tede2/5948.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES
Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is the main pest of corn crops. The control of S. frugiperda requires various insecticide applications that might result on selection of resistant populations and environmental contamination. A promising alternative toward the control of this pest is the use of vegetal insecticides such as neem, Azadirachta indica A. Juss (Meliaceae). Few data exist related to the immunologic and histophysiologic reactions of S. frugiperda larvae under neem treatment. Thus, the present research had as objectives: (a) to characterize and to quantify the hemocytes of S. frugiperda larvae pre- and post-treatment with concentrations 0.5 and 1.0% of neem (Neemseto®) on the intervals of 48, 96, 144, 192 and 240h; (b) to describe, histologically, the food channel of the larvae; (c) to characterize the effect of the concentrations 0.5 and 1.0% of neem, in the same evaluation intervals after treatment, on the histophysiology of midgut; (d) to quantify the regenerative cells and; (e) to analyze,histochemically, the secretion product of midgut. Six types of hemocytes were identified in the hemolymph of S. frugiperda larvae: Adipohemocytes, Spherulocytes, Granulocytes, Eonocytoids, Plasmatocytes and Prohemocytes. And, the most abundant hemocytes were Granulocytes and Plasmatocytes. The counting of hemocytes showed effects as function of neem concentrations onthe hemocytary dynamics and possivelmente the endocrine events, contributing for mortality and observed morphologic abnormalities. Despite of expressive larval mortality and of effects with neem at concentration 1.0%, both concentrations (0.5 and 1.0%) modified the cellular immunity of the larvae. Histophysiological alterations occurred as function of tested neem concentrations and time after treatment observed as: degeneration of the epithelium and musculature of the midgut, reduction of regenerative cells and the secretory activity of this region, in the two concentrations of neem. These alterations, however, were observed for larvae treated with neem at concentration 1.0% already from 96h after treatment. These results demonstrate the insecticide activity of the commercial formulation neem (Neemseto®) in both tested concentrations, on thehistophysiology of midgut and on the immunologic reactions of S. frugiperda larvae.
Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) é a principal praga da cultura do milho. Seu controle demanda elevado número de aplicações de inseticidas sintéticos, podendo ocasionar seleção de populações resistentes e contaminação ambiental. Uma alternativa promissora para o controle deste inseto é a utilização de substâncias com ação inseticida oriundas de plantas como o nim, Azadirachta indica A. Juss (Meliaceae). Contudo, os aspectos relacionados às reações imunológicas e histofisiológicas de lagartas de S. frugiperda, promovidos pela interação com o nim, ainda são pouco estudados. Assim, a presente pesquisa teve como objetivos: (a) caracterizar e realizar a contagem diferencial dos hemócitos de lagartas de S. frugiperda, antes e após o tratamento com nim (Neemseto®) nas concentrações 0,5 e 1,0%, nos intervalos de 48, 96, 144, 192 e 240h; (b )descrever, histologicamente, o canal alimentar dessas lagartas; (c) caracterizar o efeito das concentrações 0,5 e 1,0% do nim, nos mesmos intervalos deavaliação após tratamento, sobre a histofisiologia do mesêntero; (d) quantificar as células regenerativas e; (e) analisar, histoquimicamente, o produto de secreção do mesêntero. Na hemolinfa das lagartas de S. frugiperda foram identificados seis tipos de hemócitos: Adipohemócitos, Esferulócitos, Granulócitos, Oenocitóides, Plasmatócitos e Prohemócitos, sendoos Granulócitos e Plasmatócitos mais freqüentes. A contagem diferencial dos hemócitos revelou um efeito concentração-dependente do nim, afetando a dinâmica hemocitária e possivelmente os eventos endócrinos, contribuindo para a mortalidade e anormalidades morfológicas observadas. Apesar da mortalidade e dos efeitos ocorrerem de forma mais expressiva no tratamento com nim a 1,0%, ambas as concentrações (0,5 e 1,0%) alteraram a imunidade celular das lagartas. Foram observadas alterações histofisiológicas que variaram de intensidade de acordo com o tempo e as concentrações, tais como: degeneração do epitélio e da musculatura do mesêntero, redução de células regenerativas e da atividade secretora desta região, nas duas concentrações do nim. Porém, estas alterações foram observadas nas lagartas tratadas com nim a 1,0% já a partir de 96h após o tratamento. Esses resultados demonstram a atividade inseticida da formulação comercial de nim(Neemseto) em ambas as concentrações testadas, na histofisiologia do mesêntero e nas reações imunológicas de lagartas de S. frugiperda.
Arévalo, Híjar Olga Lucía. "Efecto antibacteriano y citotóxico de dos extractos metanólicos a base de Moringa oleifera (moringa) y Azadirachta indica (neem) sobre cepas de Enterococcus faecalis". Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/621020.
Pełny tekst źródłaObjective: To evaluate in vitro the antibacterial and cytotoxic effect of two methanolic extracts of Azadirachta indica and Moringa oleifera on strains of Enterococcus faecalis (ATCC 29212). Methods: The methanolic extracts of Azadirachta indica and Moringa oleifera were prepared in vitro. The antibacterial effect of the extracts against strains of Enterococcus faecalis were evaluated by agar diffusion technique (gel perforation). Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined by the microdilution method and cytotoxicity using the MDCK cell line. Results: The methanolic extract that obtained the highest antibacterial effect in 24 and 48 hours against Enterococcus faecalis was Moringa oleifera, obtaining a halo of 35.5 ± 1.05 and 44.83 ± 0.98, respectively. The MIC for both extracts was 75 μg / ml. The bactericidal effect for Azadirachta indica extract was 25 μg / ml and for Moringa oleifera extract it was 75 μg / ml. Conclusions: It was demonstrated that the methanolic extracts of Azadirachta indica and Moringa oleifera have an antibacterial effect against strains of Enterococcus faecalis at 24 and 48 hours. Neither extract was toxic to cell lines at low concentrations.
Ribeiro, Paloma Caroline. "Propriedades biológicas do óleo das sementes de azadirachta indica : investigação dos mecanismos de ação antioxidante e dos seus efeitos sobre a viabilidade celular". reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFABC, 2013.
Znajdź pełny tekst źródłaSturaro, Rafael Hayaxibara. "Estudo in vitro da influência de soluções irrigantes tradicionais e soluções irrigantes e soluções alcoólicas de Azadirachta indica (Neem) na resistência de união de um cimento resinoso auto-adesivo utilizado na fixação de pinos de fibra de vidro". Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/58/58131/tde-08032016-135848/.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe use of glass fiber posts are increasingly common in oral rehabilitation thus various adhesion systems are found on the market. But there is still the challenge of maintaining the root canal aseptic for luting post without contamination. The objective of this study was to evaluate the interaction between irrigating solutions in the selfadhesive cement in cases of luting glass fiber post. A total of 75 human maxillary canines healthy were sectioned, so that remaining 16 mm of root length from the apex. The roots were endodontic treated and post space preparation were12mm. Then, after inclusion in acrylic resin they were separated in groups according to irrigation protocol: G1 - Saline Solution; G2 - Neem Alcoholic Extract; G3 - EDTA 17%; G4 Sodium Hipocloryte 2,5%; G5 - Chlorhexidine Gel 2%. After luting of glass fiber posts with self adhesive cement these were subjected to tensile test pull out. Slices were obtained in the root cross section for analysis in confocal microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The statistical analysis was performed by ANOVA and Tukey tests. The following averages in Newtons were observed: G1 - 334,0; G2 - 265,9; G3 - 281,7; G4 - 205,7; G5 - 303,1. By scanning electron microscopy it was noted that G4 showed higher degradation of dentin, G2 showed greater deposition of debris. By confocal analysis showed a prevalence of adhesive failures. After analyzing the data it is concluded that the G5 group showed the best bond strength compared to the others, and does not degrade the dentine and not leaving residue. It follows that the chlorhexidine is still an interesting prior irrigating cementing glass fiber post due to the properties presented.
SILVA, Vanessa Carla Lima da. "Avaliação da toxicidade reprodutiva de ratas Wistar submetidas à ingestão do extrato etanólico das folhas de nim(Azadirachta indica A. Juss)". Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, 2010. http://www.tede2.ufrpe.br:8080/tede2/handle/tede2/5879.
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Neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss) is a plant of the Meliaceae family. It is commonly used in India as a contraceptive and worldwide as a means of controlling insect proliferation.In veterinary medicine it has been gaining attention due to its anti-helmintic and ectoparasitic properties. This study aims at evaluating the effects of oral administration of the neem’s ethanolic extract in wistar rats during pregnancy and lactation. Forty rats weighting between 300 and 400g were randomly selected to make four groups of 10 animals each. These were treated with ethanolic extract of neem’s leaves at a concentration of 20mg/mL and divided into the following groups: group 1 (Control)–the rats were treated with a solution containing distilled water, Cremophor and DMSO (Dimethyl Sulfoxide) at 10%.Group 2–the rats were treated with 50mg/Kg.Group 3–the rats were treated with 100mg/kg.Group 4–the rats were treated with 200mg/Kg.The solutions under analysis have been administered via an orogastric catheter in pregnancy days 4, 5 and 6. Four animals in each group, under dissociative anesthesia with xylazine at 2% and ketamine at 10%, have been submitted to euthanasia in gestational day 9 and the ovaries, embryos and uterine fragments have been collected. These have been weighted, evaluated microscopically and fixed in buffered formaldehyde at 10% for histomorphometric examination. The remaining six animals in each group have also been treated during lactation for 15 days and then clinically evaluated for signs of systemic or reproductive toxicity. The neonates have been weighted, sexed, evaluated on a daily basis for signs of systemic toxicity and abnormalities in nervous system development. During the study period, there was no statistically significant difference in terms of numbers and weights of implanted embryos when comparing the control and the experimental group. The same is true regarding body weight of pregnant rats and their lactants. Similarly, no significant histomorphometric difference in the ovaries or uterine fragments has been observed amongst the studied groups. Neem’s ethanolic extract in the studied concentrations did not show any systemic or reproductive toxicity in the treated animals during the first third of pregnancy and lactation, nor any developmental abnormalities in the rats offsprings. Therefore, we conclude that neem at the studied concentrations is safety for use in rats throughout pregnancy and lactation.
O nim (Azadirachta indica A. Juss) é uma planta da família Meliaceae, sendo bastante utilizada na Índia como anticoncepcional e mundialmente para o controle de insetos. Na medicina veterinária vem ganhando destaque devido às suas propriedades anti-helmínticas e ectoparasiticidas. Objetivou-se nesta pesquisa avaliar os efeitos da administração oral do extrato etanólico do nim em ratas wistar durante o período da gestação e lactação. Foram utilizadas 40 ratas pesando entre 300 a 400 gramas, constitui-se quatro grupos com 10 animais cada, tratados com extrato etanólico das folhas de nim na concentração de 20mg/mL, sendo:Grupo 1 (grupo controle)–ratas tratadas com solução contendo água destilada, Cremophor e dimetilsulfóxido (DMSO) a 10%. Grupo 2–ratas tratadas com 50mg/kg. Grupo 3–ratas tratadas com 100mg/kg. Grupo 4–ratas tratadas com 200mg/Kg. Os animais foram tratados através da administração oral por sondagem orogástrica nos dias 4, 5 e 6 de gestação. Quatro animais foram submetidos à eutanásia no 9º dia de gestação após anestesia dissociativa com xilazina a 2% e quetamina a 10%. Coletaram-se os ovários, embriões e fragmentos de útero. Os mesmos foram pesados, avaliados macroscopicamente e fixados em formol tamponado a 10% para avaliação histomorfométrica. Os seis animais restantes foram tratados também durante 15 dias na lactação e avaliados clinicamente quanto a sinais de toxicidade sistêmica ou reprodutiva. Os neonatos foram pesados, sexados, avaliados diariamente quanto a sinais de toxicidade sistêmica e quanto ao desenvolvimento do sistema nervoso. Os animais dos gruposcontrole e dos três grupos experimentais não apresentaram diferenças estatísticas em relação ao número e o peso de embriões implantados. Também não se observou diferença significativa no peso corporal das ratas gestantes e seus lactentes entre os grupos nos períodos avaliados. Da mesma forma, não foram observadas alterações histomorfométricas no útero e nos ovários entre os quatro grupos estudados. O extrato etanólico de nim nas concentrações estudadas não causou qualquer alteração de toxicidade reprodutiva ou sistêmica nos animais tratados no terço inicial da gestação e na lactação e não determinou alterações no desenvolvimento dos filhotes. Assim, conclui-se que o nim nas concentrações estudadas é seguro para utilização no período gestacional e na lactação em ratas.
Remedio, Rafael Neodini [UNESP]. "Efeitos do óleo da semente de neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss) nos ovócitos e glândulas salivares de carrapatos Rhipicephalus sanguineus (Latreille, 1806) (Acari: Ixodidae)". Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/132841.
Pełny tekst źródłaCoordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
Os carrapatos Rhipicephalus sanguineus têm atraído, nos últimos anos, a atenção de pesquisadores, bem como de órgãos gerenciadores da saúde pública, por estarem se tornando grandes pragas urbanas, transmissoras de doenças para cães e humanos. Por esta razão, a busca por formulações com ação acaricida tem sido preocupação constante das indústrias farmacêuticas veterinárias. No entanto, a grande maioria dos produtos atualmente comercializados apresenta alta toxicidade aos hospedeiros dos ectoparasitas e ao meio ambiente, induzindo, inclusive, resistência nos carrapatos. Métodos alternativos de controle, como o uso de extratos de plantas, por exemplo, têm se tornado cada vez mais interessantes, já que apresentam menores custos e baixa toxicidade. Neste sentido, destaca-se a espécie Azadirachta indica (neem), cujos extratos de folhas e sementes apresentam reconhecido potencial repelente, inseticida e acaricida. Desta forma, este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar as alterações morfológicas observadas no ovário e nas glândulas salivares de fêmeas semiingurgitadas de carrapatos R. sanguineus, submetidas à aplicação tópica do óleo extraído das sementes de neem, nas concentrações de 20, 40 e 60%, utilizando-se etanol aquoso a 10% como solvente. Os órgãos foram coletados, fixados, e analisados por meio de técnicas de microscopia de luz convencional, microscopia confocal de varredura a laser e microscopia eletrônica de transmissão. De forma geral, a metodologia proposta neste trabalho permitiu a simulação de um tratamento tópico dos animais infestados, tornando os resultados obtidos mais próximos de uma aplicação prática em campo. Em ambos os órgãos analisados, o óleo de neem demonstrou efeitos claramente dose-dependentes. Os ovócitos e os ácinos glandulares de carrapatos R. sanguineus exibiram alterações morfológicas semelhantes, tais como sinais evidentes de desorganização citoplasmática,...
Rhipicephalus sanguineus ticks have attracted, in recent years, the attention of researchers as well as public health managers, since they have become major urban pests, transmitters of diseases to humans and dogs. For this reason, the search for formulations with acaricide action has been constant concern of veterinary pharmaceutical industries. However, the vast majority of products currently commercialized exhibits high toxicity to the hosts of these ectoparasites and to the environment, even inducing resistance in ticks. Alternative control methods such as the use of plant extracts, for example, have become increasingly interesting, since they have reduced costs and low toxicity. In this sense, Azadirachta indica (neem) species stands out, as its leaf and seed extracts have recognized repellent, insecticide and acaricide potential. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the morphological alterations resulting from the action of neem in the ovary and salivary glands of semi-engorged R. sanguineus female ticks, subjected to the topical application of the oil extracted from neem seeds, at concentrations of 20, 40 and 60%, using 10% aqueous ethanol as solvent. The organs were collected and fixed, and analyzed by means of techniques in conventional light microscopy, confocal laser scanning microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. In general, the methodology proposed in this work allowed the simulation of a topical treatment of the infested animals, making the results closer to a practical application in field. In both analyzed organs, neem oil clearly demonstrated a dose-dependent effect. Oocytes and glandular acini of R. sanguineus ticks exhibited similar morphological changes, such as evident signs of cytoplasmic disorganization, cellular vacuolation, nuclear or nucleolar irregularities, dilation of mitochondrial cristae, as well as dilation in rough endoplasmic reticulum lumen. These facts show that, regardless of the organ, neem ...
Tonin, Fernando Gustavo. "Análise de flavanóides por cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência e eletroforese capilar - otimização de separação e aplicações tecnológicas". Universidade de São Paulo, 2006. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/46/46133/tde-18052016-154514/.
Pełny tekst źródłaAt this work, separation of 18 flavonoids (9 aglycones and 9 glycosides) using High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) and Reduced Flow Micellar Electrokinetic Chromatography (RF-MEKC) were evaluated. For both techniques, pure solvents (methanol, acetonitrile and tetrahydrofuran) e their mixtures were evaluated as an approach of varying selectivity by changing mobile phase in HPLC and organic additive type in RF-MEKC. For HPLC studies using gradient elution, it was possible to guarantee the modeling for retention factor in function of organic solvent used (methanol, acetonitrile and tetrahydrofuran and theirs mixtures). It can be also confirmed, based on retention data and hierarquical clusters analysis, four different chromatographic groups with different selectivity for flavonoid aglycone, and four groups with different selectivity for glycosides. More orthogonal chromatographic systems (each one belonging to a selectivity group) were applied to Neem (Azadirachta Indica) analysis. From this study, it can be chosen the most selective mobile phase composition and optimize flavonoid glycosides separation present at Neem leaves. Applying optimized method, five major flavonoids can be identified and quantified, three quercetin glycosides (rutin, isoquercitrin and quercitrin) and two kaempferol glycosides (astragalin and nicotiflorin), at two samples from different origins (Piracicaba-SP and Silvânia-GO). For studies regarding eighteen flavonoids separation by RF-MEKC can be proved significant selectivity differences when distinct organic solvent are used as additive. Moreover, it can be noted tendencies in migration behaviour depending of solvent used and molecular structure of flavonoids. The solvent with less efficiency to f/avonoid separation is methanol. Analyzing electropherograms obtained by a design of mixtures and by criticai pairs changes observed in diverse electro/ytes, a separation method with only one criticai pair and 12 minutes run was obtained. Coefficient of variation obtained for retention factor was 1.5% and 3% for area (n=5). Developed method was applied to identify major flavonoids at model plant (Neem) and same results observed at previous work were obtained. In order to evaluate total flavonoid concentration present in a plant is a common approach to analyse extracts after acid hydrolyze (convert ali glycosides to aglycones). A method was optimized to separate 8 flavonoid aglicones by RPHPLC usually present in food and vegetal extracts to cosmetic use. Optimization was performed by a mixture factorial design to select the most selective mobile phase composition and one facto ria I design with central point to optimize gradient parameters. Developed methodology is the faster reported in literature until now. Baseline separation was achieved in less than 15 minutes, with coefficients of variation between 0.1 and 1.8%, correlation coefficient from 0,9993 to 0,9994 at 5-100 µg/mL concentration range and quantification limits from 0.1 to 0.21 µg/mL. Developed method was used to optimize hydrolize parameters for a Neem extract. Optimization was realized by a response surface methodology, having concentration of acid added, reaction time, temperature and antioxidant (ascorbic acid) concentration added as parameters. From this study was developed a hydrolyze methodology with 5 minutes of reaction time, using 1.4 mol/L HCI, 119°C and 500 µg/mL of ascorbic acid. Applying method of analysis and hydrolyze developed at Neem extracts it can be identified and quantified aglicones quercetin, kaempferol and miricetin. Aiming to evaluate which compounds in a vegetal extract have antioxidant activity credited to some plants, an on-line system with post-column reaction was built in HPLC (based on literature), using ABTS as free radical mode!. Neem analysis at this system showed that flavonoid glycosides identified before are the responsible for antioxidant activity described for this plant. Based on this information and intending to obtain vegetal extracts with antioxidant activity for cosmetic use, Neem extraction procedure was modeled in function of solvent mixture used (water, ethanol, propylene glycol and their mixtures), following a simplex centroid designo Besides the concentration of active components prediction it can also be predict other properties like refractive index and density, properties that might be included at technical specifications depending of the intended use (creams, shampoos, etc).
Gumiero, Viviane Cristina. "Estudo do efeito do extrato de nim (Azadirachta indica) em cultura de células de Rubus fruticosus". Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/60/60138/tde-31072009-172410/.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe neem (Azadirachta indica) is known in Asia due to their several biological properties. The studies on the insecticide action of neem extracts have only been restrict to the insect mechanisms and their effects on rural workers; studies on the impact in the vegetable system are not available. The plants, like the other organisms, have the ability to self-defend against attack of patogens. The hypersensitive response (RH), a type of programmed cell death (PCD) in plants, is triggered by plant cells when they recognize the patogen, and is characterized by necrosis of tissues in the local region surrounding the infection; the signals involved are still not completely elucidated. The present study evaluated the effects of neem extracts in Rubus fruticosus cell. The powdered seeds were submitted to two consecutive extractions with ethanol:water (1:1, v/v) at room temperature for 10 minutes, yielding E1 and E2 fractions. The solvent was evaporated and the aqueous extracts were concentrated and lyophilized, resulting in two samples, L1 and L2. They are used for analyses by high performance liquid chromatograph (HPLC) in C-18 column (4.6 x 250 mm), with acetonitrile-water (4:6 v/v) as mobile phase, flow rate 1 mL/min, monitored at 214 nm. The principal compound of this fraction was azadirachtin (5.03 and 1.1 mg/mL, respectively), the retention time was 9.5 min; it was confirmed using mass spectrophotometry. The L2 extract was partially fractionated by high performance liquid chromatograph (HPLC) in semi preparative C-18 column. The main fractions, analyzed by colorimetric methods, ESI-MS, were L2 initial and AZA2. The Rubus fruticosus cells (18-21 days; 1.8 g) were incubated in sodium citrate buffer containing L2, L2 initial ans AZA2 at concentrations up to 5 mg/mL, for 1h, at room temperature. After this period, the phenolic compounds, proteins and reducing sugar were determined in the extracellular and intracellular medium by colorimetric methods. Also, the effects of these fractions over the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in intact cell of Rubus fruticosus, was analyzed using 2,7-dichloro-fluorescein diacetate. AZA2 had no effect on the defense response. The initial L2 fraction increased the phenolic compounds in the intracellular medium and the reducing sugars in the extracellular medium. The same fraction showed an inhibitory effect on ROS and also increased the concentration of the elicitor. These results indicate the antioxidant potential and protector effect of the L2 initial. The L2 extract also demonstrated antioxidant and protective potential of cells with the increase of the elicitor concentration. Therefore, in parallel with its insecticide action, the neem extract contributes to the self-defense ability of the plants.
Vilela, Joice Aparecida Rezende. "Efeito da utiliza??o de ?leo de nim (Azadirachta indica) por via d?rmica e da moxidectina por via subcut?nea na preven??o de infesta??es artificiais por Dermatobia hominis (Linnaeus Jr., 1781) (Diptera: Cuterebridae) em bovinos". Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, 2008. https://tede.ufrrj.br/jspui/handle/tede/763.
Pełny tekst źródłaConselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico
Dermatobia hominis, the human botfly, has obligatory parasitic larval forms of the subcutaneous tissue of domestic animals, wildlife and man, causing nodule myiasis. Its importance for the cattle industry is related to the economic damages caused by those larvae. The conventional chemical control has facing some problems such as the accelerated development of resistance and residues in animal products. The objective of this study was to evaluate the prevention of botfly myiasis through the use of phytotherapic neen and of the moxidectin observing the capacity of interference in the evolution of parasite biology. For later infestation, third instar larvae were collected and kept in BOD at temperature of 27 ? 1?C and 10% R.U for pupation. After 24 to 31 days, emerged adults were placed in cages with Musca domestica and Chrysomya albiceps, used as a vector for oviposition of D. hominis. The vector carrying eggs were captured and placed in BOD. After 4 to 6 days, first instar larvae were maintained in BOD at 19? C, until host infestation. In the experimental lineation was used 12 male cattle free of D. hominis natural infestation. The animals were previously placed in screened stalls in the W.O. NEITZ Research Station at UFRRJ, receiving concentrated feed, grass, and water. The cattle was distributed into three groups with four animals and submitted to the treatments, being a control animal (treated with water pouredon), two animals treated with commercial products A and B of neem oil (Azadirachta indica, 2000 ppm of the active principle Azadirachtin) applied as a pour-on (50 ml for animal), and one animal treated with moxidectin 10% long action injected subcutaneously (1ml/100 kg) in the back of the ear. Each animal was infested with 30 first instar larvae (L1) on days 03, 07, 14, and 21 after treatment. The outbreak of L1 was stimulated by thermal source and larvae were transferred with a fine brush to a shaved region along the bovine back. The infestations were mapped for monitoring every two days to evaluation of efficacy and residual effect of treatments in accordance with the larval survival at different periods of infestation. With the purpose of verify possible collateral effects, were accomplished clinical and laboratorial examinations of the animals, before and 15 days after the treatments. Regarding efficacy, the neem products applied as pour-on had statistical not significant effectiveness for inhibition of larvae development. On the other hand, injectable moxidectin 10% showed 100% efficacy until day 14 and although larvae penetration was not precluded, larvae development was inhibited, but from day 21, did not inhibit the development of the penetrated larvae. The third instar larvae that developed after the treatments were collected and kept in BOD for observation of some biological parameters. It was observed that larvae from all treatments showed regular pupation, emergence of morphologically normal flies and the presence of viable postures.
Dermatobia hominis, a mosca do berne, possui formas larvais parasitas obrigat?rios do tecido subcut?neo de animais dom?sticos, silvestres e do homem, provocando mi?ase nodular. Sua import?ncia na bovinocultura relaciona-se aos preju?zos econ?micos determinados pelas formas evolutivas larvais. No controle qu?mico convencional tem sido observado desenvolvimento acelerado de resist?ncia e res?duos nos produtos animais. Os objetivos do experimento foram avaliar a preven??o da dermatobiose atrav?s do uso do fitoter?pico nim e da moxidectina, observando a capacidade de interfer?ncia na evolu??o da biologia parasit?ria. Para a infesta??o, foram coletadas larvas de terceiro instar, que foram mantidas em estufa B.O.D. ? temperatura de 27 ? 1?C e 70 ? 10% U.R para a pupa??o. Ap?s 24 a 31 dias, os adultos que emergiram foram colocados em gaiolas com Musca domestica e Chrysomya albiceps, vetores para oviposi??o de D. hominis. Os vetores portadores de ovos foram capturados e acondicionados em estufa B.O.D. Ap?s 4 a 6 dias, as larvas de primeiro instar, em eclos?o foram mantidas a 19?C, at? o momento da infesta??o. No delineamento experimental utilizaram-se 12 bovinos machos, livres de infesta??o por D. hominis. Os animais foram estabulados em baias teladas na Esta??o de Pesquisas Parasitol?gicas W.O. NEITZ, da UFRRJ, recebendo ra??o concentrada, capim picado e ?gua ad libitum. Os bovinos foram distribuidos em tr?s grupos com quatro animais e submetidos aos tratamentos, sendo um animal controle (tratado com ?gua aplicada pour-on), dois animais tratados com produtos comerciais A e B ? base de ?leo de nim (Azadirachta indica, concentra??o de 2000 ppm do princ?pio ativo Azadirachtina) em aplica??o pour-on ao longo do dorso dos animais, dose de 50 ml por animal, e um tratado com moxidectina ? 10% Longa A??o, dose de 1ml/100 kg, em inje??o subcut?nea na parte posterior da orelha. Cada animal foi infestado com 30 larvas L1 nos dias 03, 07, 14 e 21 ap?s os tratamentos. A eclos?o das L1 foi estimulada por fonte t?rmica, e as mesmas colocadas com um pincel fino sobre a regi?o tricotomizada ao longo do dorso. As infesta??es foram mapeadas para acompanhamento a cada dois dias para avalia??o da efic?cia e tempo residual dos tratamentos de acordo com a sobreviv?ncia larval nos diferentes per?odos de infesta??o. Com a finalidade de se verificar poss?veis efeitos colaterais foram realizados exames cl?nico e laboratorial dos animais, antes e 15 dias ap?s os tratamentos. N?o foram observados altera??o dos par?metros cl?nico-laboratoriais. Com rela??o ? efic?cia, os produtos do Nim tiveram efic?cia estatisticamente n?o significativa na forma de aplica??o pour-on, na inibi??o do desenvolvimento parasit?rio. A moxidectina ? 10% apresentou efic?cia de 100% at? o 14? dia, n?o impedindo a penetra??o da larva mas a evolu??o parasit?ria, e a partir do 21? dia n?o inibiu o desenvolvimento das larvas penetradas. As larvas L3 que se desenvolveram ap?s os tratamentos, foram coletadas e mantidas em B.O.D para observa??o de alguns par?metros biol?gicos. Constatou-se que as larvas das L3 provenientes de todos tratamentos evoluiram para pupa??o, emerg?ncia de moscas morfologicamente normais e presen?a de posturas vi?veis.
Daniel, Sarah H. "The use of neem (Azadirachta indica A Juss) and some plant oils as protectants of Cowpeas (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.) against the Cowpea weevil Callosobruchus maculatus (Fab.)". Thesis, University of Reading, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.304524.
Pełny tekst źródłaSoares, Marco Antonio Botelho. "EficÃcia do Alecrim Pimenta (Lippia Sidoides) e Neem (Azadirachta Indica) no controle da placa bacteriana e gengivite em uma comunidade carente em Fortaleza: um ensaio clÃnico controlado randomizado". Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2005. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=10565.
Pełny tekst źródłaCoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior
DoenÃas bucais como a cÃrie e a gengivite se configuram como um dos principais problemas da saÃde pÃblica em todo o mundo. A microbiota oral, em particular os estreptococos do grupo mutans, estÃo intimamente relacionados à formaÃÃo do biofilme bacteriano e das doenÃas dele decorrentes. Uma reduÃÃo do nÃmero destes microrganismos implica, portanto, em prevenÃÃo e controle destas doenÃas. Neste trabalho foram testadas trÃs soluÃÃes: clorexidina a 0,12% (controle positivo) e soluÃÃes hidro-etanÃlica de Neem (Azadirachta Indica) e aquosas a partir do Ãleo essencial do Alecrim pimenta (lippia sidoiddes) a 1,0 %. Oitenta e um voluntÃrios sadios foram randomizados em trÃs grupos experimentais de acordo com a soluÃÃo em teste. Exames clÃnicos para pesquisa e quantificaÃÃo de Ãndices periodontais foram realizados nos trÃs grupos. Amostras de saliva foram colhidas, diluÃdas e inoculadas (50 μl) em placas contendo Agar MSB. Todas as placas foram incubadas em condiÃÃes de microaerofilia sob atmosfera de 5% CO2 por 48 horas. ApÃs estes procedimentos, foram obtidos os valores basais e comparados com os valores realizados apÃs uma semana de bochechos com as soluÃÃes teste sendo realizado uma avaliaÃÃo quantitativa nestes Ãndices assim como nos nÃmeros de unidades formadoras de colÃnias de microrganismos do grupo mutans, considerando os valores iniciais (sem a utilizaÃÃo das soluÃÃes), com o uso das soluÃÃes controle positivo (Clorexidina 0.12%), com o uso das soluÃÃes em teste em durante uma semana de uso e posteriormente seguindo exames clÃnicos trinta dias depois. Os resultados mostraram que as trÃs substancias testadas foram eficazes em reduzir de maneira estatisticamente significante todos os quatro Ãndices avaliados.( p<0,05). O grau de desconforto e possÃveis efeitos colaterais das soluÃÃes foram avaliados atravÃs de um questionÃrio. Os resultados mostraram que nÃo houve diferenÃa estatisticamente significante, em nÃvel de 5%, no efeito de reduÃÃo entre as trÃs soluÃÃes testadas para estreptococos do grupo mutans. Foi observada tambÃm a reduÃÃo do nÃmero de escores clÃnicos nas trÃs semanas subseqÃentes ao uso das soluÃÃes com uso das soluÃÃes acima citadas. O maior grau de desconforto foi proporcionado pela soluÃÃo hidro-etanÃlica de Neem a 20%. Os desconfortos relatados foram (em % do total de respostas): gosto ruim (clorexidina 15%, alecrim 20%, alho 100%), ardÃncia (clorexidina 6%, alecrim 18%, Neem 82%), mau hÃlito (clorexidina 2%, alecrim 8%, Neem 88%) e nÃusea (clorexidina 0%, alecrim 0%, Neem 70%). Desta forma, foi possÃvel concluir que, embora a soluÃÃo de Neem tenha apresentado efeitos indesejÃveis, esta soluÃÃo bem como a de Ãleo essencial de alecrim pimenta podem ser utilizadas como alternativa a clorexidina.
Buccal illnesses as the caries and the gingivitis if configure as one of the main problems of the public health in the whole world. Oral Microorganism, in particular the streptococcus mutans group, are related to the formation of bacterial biofilm and the recurrent illnesses of it. A reduction of the number of these microorganisms implies, therefore, in prevention and control of these illnesses. In this work three solutions had been tested: clorexidina hidro-etanÃlica 0.12% (positive control) and solutions of Neem (Azadirachta Indica) and watery from the essential oil of the Rosemary pepper (lippia sidoiddes) 1,0 %. Eighty and one voluntary healthy had been randomizados in three experimental groups in accordance with the solution in test. Clinical examinations for research and quantification of periodontais indices had been carried through in the three groups. Samples of saliva had been harvested, diluted and inoculated (50?l) in plates I contend Agar MSB. All the plates had been incubated in conditions of microaerofilic under atmosphere of 5% Co2 for 48 hours. After these procedures, had been gotten the basal values and compared with the values carried through after one week of mouths washing with the solutions it has tested being carried through a quantitative evaluation in these indices as well as in the numbers of units formers colonies of microorganisms of the group mutans, considering the initial values (without the use of the solutions), with the use of the solutions has controlled positive (Clorexidina 0,12%), with the use of the solutions in test in during one week of use and later following clinical examinations thirty days later. The results had shown that the three you substantiate tested had been efficient in reducing in statistically significant way all the four indices evaluated (p < 0.05). The degree of discomfort and possible collateral effect of the solutions had been evaluated through a questionnaire. The results had shown that it did not have statistically significant difference, in 5% level, in the reduction effect enter the three solutions tested for streptococcus of the group mutans. The reduction of the number was also observed of props up physicians in the three subsequent weeks to the use of the solutions with use of the solutions above cited. The biggest degree of discomfort was proportionate for the hidroetanÃlica solution of Neem 20%. The told discomforts had been (in % of the total of answers): bad taste (clorexidina 15%, alecrim 20%, garlic 100%), heat (clorexidina 6%, rosemary 18%, Neem 82%), bad breath (clorexidina 2%, alecrim 8%, Neem 88%) and nausea (clorexidina 0%, alecrim 0%, Neem 70%). Of this form, it was possible to conclude that, even so the solution of Neem has presented effect undesirable, this solution as well as the one of essential oil of rosemary pepper can be used as alternative the clorexidina.
Soares, Marco Antonio Botelho. "Eficácia do Alecrim Pimenta (Lippia Sidoides) e Neem (Azadirachta Indica) no controle da placa bacteriana e gengivite em uma comunidade carente em Fortaleza : um ensaio clínico controlado randomizado". reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFC, 2005. http://www.repositorio.ufc.br/handle/riufc/7043.
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Buccal illnesses as the caries and the gingivitis if configure as one of the main problems of the public health in the whole world. Oral Microorganism, in particular the streptococcus mutans group, are related to the formation of bacterial biofilm and the recurrent illnesses of it. A reduction of the number of these microorganisms implies, therefore, in prevention and control of these illnesses. In this work three solutions had been tested: clorexidina hidro-etanólica 0.12% (positive control) and solutions of Neem (Azadirachta Indica) and watery from the essential oil of the Rosemary pepper (lippia sidoiddes) 1,0 %. Eighty and one voluntary healthy had been randomizados in three experimental groups in accordance with the solution in test. Clinical examinations for research and quantification of periodontais indices had been carried through in the three groups. Samples of saliva had been harvested, diluted and inoculated (50?l) in plates I contend Agar MSB. All the plates had been incubated in conditions of microaerofilic under atmosphere of 5% Co2 for 48 hours. After these procedures, had been gotten the basal values and compared with the values carried through after one week of mouths washing with the solutions it has tested being carried through a quantitative evaluation in these indices as well as in the numbers of units formers colonies of microorganisms of the group mutans, considering the initial values (without the use of the solutions), with the use of the solutions has controlled positive (Clorexidina 0,12%), with the use of the solutions in test in during one week of use and later following clinical examinations thirty days later. The results had shown that the three you substantiate tested had been efficient in reducing in statistically significant way all the four indices evaluated (p < 0.05). The degree of discomfort and possible collateral effect of the solutions had been evaluated through a questionnaire. The results had shown that it did not have statistically significant difference, in 5% level, in the reduction effect enter the three solutions tested for streptococcus of the group mutans. The reduction of the number was also observed of props up physicians in the three subsequent weeks to the use of the solutions with use of the solutions above cited. The biggest degree of discomfort was proportionate for the hidroetanólica solution of Neem 20%. The told discomforts had been (in % of the total of answers): bad taste (clorexidina 15%, alecrim 20%, garlic 100%), heat (clorexidina 6%, rosemary 18%, Neem 82%), bad breath (clorexidina 2%, alecrim 8%, Neem 88%) and nausea (clorexidina 0%, alecrim 0%, Neem 70%). Of this form, it was possible to conclude that, even so the solution of Neem has presented effect undesirable, this solution as well as the one of essential oil of rosemary pepper can be used as alternative the clorexidina.
Doenças bucais como a cárie e a gengivite se configuram como um dos principais problemas da saúde pública em todo o mundo. A microbiota oral, em particular os estreptococos do grupo mutans, estão intimamente relacionados à formação do biofilme bacteriano e das doenças dele decorrentes. Uma redução do número destes microrganismos implica, portanto, em prevenção e controle destas doenças. Neste trabalho foram testadas três soluções: clorexidina a 0,12% (controle positivo) e soluções hidro-etanólica de Neem (Azadirachta Indica) e aquosas a partir do óleo essencial do Alecrim pimenta (lippia sidoiddes) a 1,0 %. Oitenta e um voluntários sadios foram randomizados em três grupos experimentais de acordo com a solução em teste. Exames clínicos para pesquisa e quantificação de índices periodontais foram realizados nos três grupos. Amostras de saliva foram colhidas, diluídas e inoculadas (50 μl) em placas contendo Agar MSB. Todas as placas foram incubadas em condições de microaerofilia sob atmosfera de 5% CO2 por 48 horas. Após estes procedimentos, foram obtidos os valores basais e comparados com os valores realizados após uma semana de bochechos com as soluções teste sendo realizado uma avaliação quantitativa nestes índices assim como nos números de unidades formadoras de colônias de microrganismos do grupo mutans, considerando os valores iniciais (sem a utilização das soluções), com o uso das soluções controle positivo (Clorexidina 0.12%), com o uso das soluções em teste em durante uma semana de uso e posteriormente seguindo exames clínicos trinta dias depois. Os resultados mostraram que as três substancias testadas foram eficazes em reduzir de maneira estatisticamente significante todos os quatro índices avaliados.( p<0,05). O grau de desconforto e possíveis efeitos colaterais das soluções foram avaliados através de um questionário. Os resultados mostraram que não houve diferença estatisticamente significante, em nível de 5%, no efeito de redução entre as três soluções testadas para estreptococos do grupo mutans. Foi observada também a redução do número de escores clínicos nas três semanas subseqüentes ao uso das soluções com uso das soluções acima citadas. O maior grau de desconforto foi proporcionado pela solução hidro-etanólica de Neem a 20%. Os desconfortos relatados foram (em % do total de respostas): gosto ruim (clorexidina 15%, alecrim 20%, alho 100%), ardência (clorexidina 6%, alecrim 18%, Neem 82%), mau hálito (clorexidina 2%, alecrim 8%, Neem 88%) e náusea (clorexidina 0%, alecrim 0%, Neem 70%). Desta forma, foi possível concluir que, embora a solução de Neem tenha apresentado efeitos indesejáveis, esta solução bem como a de óleo essencial de alecrim pimenta podem ser utilizadas como alternativa a clorexidina.
Ogemah, Vitalis Kalor. "Influence of derivatives of neem tree (Azadirachta indica A. JUSS.) on the biology and behaviour of Prostephanus truncatus (HORN) (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae) and its predator, Teretrius nigrescens (Lewis) (Coleoptera: Histeridae) /". Berlin : Dissertation.de, 2003. http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&doc_number=012781108&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA.
Pełny tekst źródłaSoares, Marco Antonio Botelho. "Eficacia do alecrim pimenta (Lippia sidoides) e Neem (Azadirachta indica) no controle da placa bacteriana e gengivite em uma comunidade carente de Fortaleza : um ensaio cl?nico controlado randomizado". Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2005. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=679.
Pełny tekst źródłaCoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior
Buccal illnesses as the caries and the gingivitis if configure as one of the main problems of the public health in the whole world. Oral Microorganism, in particular the streptococcus mutans group, are related to the formation of bacterial biofilm and the recurrent illnesses of it. A reduction of the number of these microorganisms implies, therefore, in prevention and control of these illnesses. In this work three solutions had been tested: clorexidina hidro-etan?lica 0.12% (positive control) and solutions of Neem (Azadirachta Indica) and watery from the essential oil of the Rosemary pepper (lippia sidoiddes) 1,0 %. Eighty and one voluntary healthy had been randomizados in three experimental groups in accordance with the solution in test. Clinical examinations for research and quantification of periodontais indices had been carried through in the three groups. Samples of saliva had been harvested, diluted and inoculated (50?l) in plates I contend Agar MSB. All the plates had been incubated in conditions of microaerofilic under atmosphere of 5% Co2 for 48 hours. After these procedures, had been gotten the basal values and compared with the values carried through after one week of mouths washing with the solutions it has tested being carried through a quantitative evaluation in these indices as well as in the numbers of units formers colonies of microorganisms of the group mutans, considering the initial values (without the use of the solutions), with the use of the solutions has controlled positive (Clorexidina 0,12%), with the use of the solutions in test in during one week of use and later following clinical examinations thirty days later. The results had shown that the three you substantiate tested had been efficient in reducing in statistically significant way all the four indices evaluated (p < 0.05). The degree of discomfort and possible collateral effect of the solutions had been evaluated through a questionnaire. The results had shown that it did not have statistically significant difference, in 5% level, in the reduction effect enter the three solutions tested for streptococcus of the group mutans. The reduction of the number was also observed of props up physicians in the three subsequent weeks to the use of the solutions with use of the solutions above cited. The biggest degree of discomfort was proportionate for the hidro-etan?lica solution of Neem 20%. The told discomforts had been (in % of the total of answers): bad taste (clorexidina 15%, alecrim 20%, garlic 100%), heat (clorexidina 6%, rosemary 18%, Neem 82%), bad breath (clorexidina 2%, alecrim 8%, Neem 88%) and nausea (clorexidina 0%, alecrim 0%, Neem 70%). Of this form, it was possible to conclude that, even so the solution of Neem has presented effect undesirable, this solution as well as the one of essential oil of rosemary pepper can be used as alternative the clorexidina
Doencas bucais como a carie e a gengivite se configuram como um dos principais problemas da saude publica em todo o mundo. A microbiota oral, em particular os estreptococos do grupo mutans, estao intimamente relacionados a formacao do biofilme bacteriano e das doencas dele decorrentes. Uma reducao do numero destes microrganismos implica, portanto, em prevencao e controle destas doencas. Neste trabalho foram testadas tres solucoes: clorexidina a 0,12% (controle positivo) e solucoes hidro-etanilica de Neem (Azadirachta Indica) e aquosas a partir do oleo essencial do Alecrim pimenta (lippia sidoiddes) a 1,0 %. Oitenta e um voluntarios sadios foram randomizados em tres grupos experimentais de acordo com a solucao em teste. Exames clinicos para pesquisa e quantificacao de indices periodontais foram realizados nos tres grupos. Amostras de saliva foram colhidas, diluidas e inoculadas (50 μl) em placas contendo Agar MSB. Todas as placas foram incubadas em condicoes de microaerofilia sob atmosfera de 5% CO2 por 48 horas. Apos estes procedimentos, foram obtidos os valores basais e comparados com os valores realizados apos uma semana de bochechos com as solucoes teste sendo realizado uma avaliacao quantitativa nestes indices assim como nos numeros de unidades formadoras de colonias de microrganismos do grupo mutans, considerando os valores iniciais (sem a utilizacao das solucoes), com o uso das solucoes controle positivo (Clorexidina 0.12%), com o uso das solucoes em teste em durante uma semana de uso e posteriormente seguindo exames clinicos trinta dias depois. Os resultados mostraram que as tres substancias testadas foram eficazes em reduzir de maneira estatisticamente significante todos os quatro indices avaliados.( p<0,05). O grau de desconforto e possiveis efeitos colaterais das solucoes foram avaliados atraves de um questionario. Os resultados mostraram que nao houve diferenca estatisticamente significante, em nivel de 5%, no efeito de reducao entre as tres solucoes testadas para estreptococos do grupo mutans. Foi observada tamb?m a reducao do numero de escores clinicos nas tres semanas subsequentes ao uso das solucoes com uso das solucoes acima citadas. O maior grau de desconforto foi proporcionado pela solucao hidro-etanilica de Neem a 20%. Os desconfortos relatados foram (em % do total de respostas): gosto ruim (clorexidina 15%, alecrim 20%, alho 100%), ardencia (clorexidina 6%, alecrim 18%, Neem 82%), mau halito (clorexidina 2%, alecrim 8%, Neem 88%) e nausea (clorexidina 0%, alecrim 0%, Neem 70%). Desta forma, foi possivel concluir que, embora a solucao de Neem tenha apresentado efeitos indesejaveis, esta solucao bem como a de oleo essencial de alecrim pimenta podem ser utilizadas como alternativa a clorexidina
Baptistussi, Roberta Carrara. "Efeitos de inseticidas biológicos (óleo de nim, Azadirachta indica, e entomopatógenos Metarhizium anisopliae e Beauveria bassiana) sobre a cigarrinha-das-raízes, Mahanarva fimbriolata (Stål) (Hemiptera: Cercopidae), em cana-de-açúcar sob cultivo orgânico, em relação à mortalidade natural". Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/100.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe neem oil obtained from the Azadirachta indica plant, plus formulations containing the fungus Beauveria bassiana and Metharizium anisopliae, were used to control the spittlebug Mahanarva fimbriolata in organic cultivation of sugarcane. The action of these products was compared with natural mortality of the insect, through parcels without use of any products. The experiment was conducted at Santo Antônio Plant in Sertãozinho-SP, in variety RB 85 5536 in the period from March to May 2008. It was employed the statistical design of subdivided parcels, with seven treatments, three repetitions and four periods. It wasn t observed significant statistical differences between the treatments studied either generally or in different periods evaluated. The natural mortality ranged from 55,5% to 80,81% suggesting that the action of environmental agents was sufficient, it laid off any kind of products, even the alternative.
O óleo de nim obtido da planta Azadirachta indica, mais as formulações contendo os fungos Metharizium anisoplae e Beauveria bassiana, foram empregados para o controle da cigarrinha das raízes Mahanarva fimbriolata em cultivo orgânico de cana-de-açúcar. A ação desses produtos foi comparada com a mortalidade natural do inseto, através de parcelas sem o emprego de qualquer tipo de produto. O experimento foi conduzido na Usina Santo Antônio em Sertãozinho-SP, em variedade RB 85 5536 no período de março a maio de 2008. Empregou-se o delineamento estatístico de parcelas subdivididas, com 7 tratamentos, 3 repetições e 4 épocas. Não foram observadas diferenças estatísticas significativas entre os tratamentos estudados de forma geral ou nas diferentes épocas avaliadas. A mortalidade natural variou de 55,5% a 80,81% sugerindo que a ação dos agentes ambientais seja suficiente, dispensando o emprego de qualquer tipo de produto, mesmo os alternativos.
Lesueur, Fabrice. "Élaboration de formulations à base d'extraits de neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss) pour la protection de la pomme de terre (Solanum tuberosum L.) contre le Myzus persicae, un puceron colonisateur et vecteur de virus circulants et non circulants". Thesis, Université Laval, 2006. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2006/23665/23665.pdf.
Pełny tekst źródłaHarding, Sarah Louise. "Azadirachtin : towards a second generation synthesis". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.610111.
Pełny tekst źródłaDai, Jianming. "Microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) of neem and the development of a colorimetric method for the determination of azadirachtin related limonoids (AZRL)". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape3/PQDD_0035/MQ64339.pdf.
Pełny tekst źródłaMondego, Janaina Marques [UNESP]. "Efeito de produtos a base de óleo de nim em diferentes formulações no controle de Plutella xylostella (L.,1758) (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae), em couve". Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/96946.
Pełny tekst źródłaCoordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
Este trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar a eficiência de diferentes doses e formulações de óleo de nim, seu poder residual e a decomposição no armazenamento, visando o controle de Plutella xylostella (L.), em couve. Os experimentos foram conduzidos em laboratório, sob condições controlada de temperatura (25 ± 2°C) umidade relativa (70 ± 10%) e fotofase (12 horas). Foram utilizadas diferentes doses e formulações do produto a base de nim. As doses utilizadas para larvas de primeiro instar foram: óleo de nim 5000 nanocápsula (NC) (0,02; 0,05; 0,1 e 0,4 %), óleo de nim 5000 pó solúvel (PS) (0,02; 0,05; 0,10 e 0,4 %), óleo de nim 1000 concentrado emulsionável (CE) (0,02; 0,05; 0,1; 0,4 %), óleo de nim 4000 CE (0,006; 0,01; 0,05 e 0,10%), deltametrina 25 CE (0,005; 0,01; 0,02 e 0,05 %) e água destilada como testemunha. Para larvas de terceiro instar utilizou-se: óleo de nim 5000 NC (0,6; 0,9; 1,2 e 1,5%), óleo de nim 5000 PS (0,5; 0,8; 1,1 e 1,4 %), óleo de nim 1000 CE (0,6; 0,9; 1,2; 1,5%), óleo de nim 4000 CE (0,05; 0,25; 0,05 e 0,10%), deltametrina 25 CE (0,005; 0,01; 0,02 e 0,05%). As doses mais eficientes no controle da P. xylostella em larvas de primeiro instar foram: 0,05; 0,10; 0,02; 0,05; 0,05% e para terceiro instar foram 0,90; 0,80; 0,60; 0,25; e 0,50% respectivamente óleo de nim 5000 NC, óleo de nim 5000 PS, óleo de nim 1000 CE, óleo de nim 4000 CE e deltametrina 25 CE. Após a determinação das doses foram realizados testes para avaliar a estabilidade e o poder residual dos produtos formulados a base de óleo de nim no controle de larvas de primeiro e terceiro instar de P. xylostella, em couve. Para avaliar a estabilidade dos produtos, foram realizados seis experimentos com 0, 15, 30, 45, 60 e 75 dias, após o armazenamento dos produtos. Em cada experimento foram retiradas alíquotas de cada tratamento e encaminhados ao Laboratório de Química...
This work aimed evaluate the different doses and formulations of neem oil, its residual, as well the storing degradation, focusing the Plutella xylostella (L.) control in kale. The experiments were carried out in laboratory, under controlled temperature (25 ± 2°C), relative humidity (70 ± 10%), and photophase (12 hours) conditions. Different doses and formulations of neem-based product were used. The doses used to first-instar larvae were: neem oil 5000 nanocapsule (NC) (0.02, 0.05, 0.1, and 0.4 %), neem oil 5000 dry powder (PS) (0.02, 0.05, 0.10, and 0.4 %), neem oil 1000 concentrated emulsion (CE) (0.02, 0.05, 0.1, and 0.4 %), neem oil 4000 CE (0.006, 0.01, 0.05, and 0.10%), Deltamethrin 25 CE (0.005, 0.01, 0.02, and 0.05 %) and as a control distilled water. To third-instar larvae, the doses were: neem oil 5000 NC (0.6, 0.9, 1.2, and 1.5%), neem oil 5000 PS (0.5, 0.8, 1.1, and 1.4 %), neem oil 1000 CE (0.6, 0.9, 1.2, and 1.5%), neem oil 4000 CE (0.05, 0.25, 0.05, and 0.10%), and Deltamethrin 25 CE (0.005, 0.01, 0.02, and 0.05%). The most efficient doses to control first-instar P. xylostella larvae were 0.05, 0.10, 0.02, 0.05, and 0.05% and to third-instar were 0.90, 0.80, 0.60, 0.25, and 0.50% of neem oil 5000 NC, neem oil 5000 PS, neem oil 1000 CE, neem oil 4000 CE, and Deltamethrin 25 CE respectively. After the doses determination, tests were done to evaluate the stability and the residual of the neem oil based products to control P. xylostella first and third instar larvae in kale. To evaluate the products stability, six experiments were done at 0, 15, 30, 45, 60, and 75 days after storing. In each experiment aliquant were taken and sent to the Chemical Laboratory of Federal University of São Carlos to quantify the azadirachtin A in them. All products under different formulations were efficient to first and third instar larvae at 7 and 9 days and at 45 days after storing... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)