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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat „Naturalisation”

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Autor: Grafiati

Data publikacji: 4 czerwca 2021

Data aktualizacji: 25 maja 2024

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1

Schwarz, Tobias. "Naturalisation policies beyond a Western focus". Migration Letters 13, nr 1 (13.01.2016): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.33182/ml.v13i1.260.

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Naturalisations do not happen automatically – unlike the acquisition of nationality at birth – but must be brought about deliberately. The varying ways naturalisations are organized in any society therefore offer an opportunity to gain clues as to which criteria are assumed to be relevant for the respective definition of national belonging. This introduction argues that most research on naturalisation still focusses on Western states, and that theories of naturalisation are largely derived from Western cases. It describes the ethnocentric bias of much of the universalizing comparative research on naturalisations, and outlines the main reasons for the lack of research beyond the West. It then presents the articles on naturalisation policies in the Global South brought together in this special issue. The contributions analyse ethnically exclusive nationality laws in Liberia and Israel; selective two-tier regimes of immigrant incorporation in Hong Kong and Singapore; investor citizenship schemes which are much more common in the Global South than in the North, exemplified by the case of Mauritius; and Mexico, whose norms assign naturalised Mexicans the status of “second-class citizens”.

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Kostakopoulou, Dora. "Why Naturalisation?" Perspectives on European Politics and Society 4, nr 1 (styczeń 2003): 85–115. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15705850308438854.

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Morizot, Jacques. "Esthétique et naturalisation". Nouvelle revue d’esthétique 15, nr 1 (2015): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/nre.015.0011.

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Centlivres, Pierre. "Intégration et naturalisation". Terrain, nr 15 (1.10.1990): 135–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/terrain.2990.

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Seglow, Jonathan. "Arguments for Naturalisation". Political Studies 57, nr 4 (grudzień 2009): 788–804. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9248.2008.00768.x.

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Peters, Floris, Hans Schmeets i Maarten Vink. "Naturalisation and Immigrant Earnings: Why and to Whom Citizenship Matters". European Journal of Population 36, nr 3 (18.10.2019): 511–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10680-019-09540-1.

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Abstract The notion that naturalisation matters for the economic integration of immigrants is well established in the literature, but why and to whom that is, remains surprisingly ambiguous. The citizenship premium is traditionally assumed to result from increased labour market access and positive signalling towards employers, but these mechanisms fail to explain increased earnings derived from paid employment, which has been the predominant focus in most studies. We argue that naturalisation needs to be understood in the context of the life course, as immigrants anticipate rewards and opportunities of citizenship acquisition by investing in their human capital development. Insofar as naturalisation subsequently leads to higher earnings, we expect that the citizenship premium mostly reflects better employment opportunities rather than access to better paying jobs. To test these assumptions, we use high-quality register data from Statistics Netherlands, covering the period 1999–2011. These data contain almost all registered foreign-born individuals in The Netherlands (N = 74,531) and allow us to track immigrant cohorts over time. Results show that naturalisation confers a one-time boost in earnings after naturalisation, but particularly for migrants from economically less developed countries and unemployed migrants. Furthermore, earnings develop faster leading up to naturalisation than afterwards, consistent with the notion of anticipation. The relevance of citizenship for employed immigrants in part results from an increase in working hours, but is not explained by variation in labour market sectors. We conclude that citizenship matters in terms of earnings from labour, but that its impact is not universal and manifests predominantly leading up to naturalisation.

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Radchenko, O. I., i D. A. Zinchenko. "Naturalisation as a factor of migrants' inclusion in the socio-political processes of the host country". Bulletin of Kharkiv National University of Internal Affairs 104, nr 1 (29.03.2024): 64–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.32631/v.2024.1.06.

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Naturalisation provides not only access to the full range of rights and opportunities that are due to citizens, but also contributes to the formation of a sense of belonging to the host country, which is an important factor in social cohesion. In the globalisation context, migration processes are of particular importance, as the growing number of migrants in many countries necessitates their effective integration. Naturalisation is one of the mechanisms that facilitates the involvement of migrants in the political life of the country, giving them the right to vote and the opportunity to participate in the formation of public policy. The article focuses on the challenges and obstacles that migrants may face during the naturalisation process, including legal barriers, cultural and linguistic differences. Overcoming these challenges is important to facilitate the full integration of migrants into society. Based on an analysis of different naturalisation models, the paper examines how different countries approach the process of migrant inclusion. For example, some countries offer simplified naturalisation procedures for certain categories of migrants, while others require longer residence and demonstration of language and cultural proficiency. It is emphasised that naturalisation is a key factor in ensuring the harmonious integration of migrants into the socio-political structures of the host country. This not only contributes to economic growth and social stability, but also paves the way for a more inclusive and multicultural society. The importance of naturalisation for the political inclusion of migrants also lies in the strengthening of democratic institutions. Migrants who are naturalised as citizens have the opportunity to influence political decisions and elections, which contributes to the representation of diverse groups in political processes. This, in turn, leads to fairer and more balanced governance that takes into account the interests of all segments of society, including migrants. In addition, naturalisation promotes social cohesion, as migrants who become full citizens often feel more responsible for the welfare of the host country. This can stimulate greater volunteer and civic engagement, which is important for the development of a strong and cohesive society. The naturalisation process also has economic benefits.

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Zdanowski, Jerzy. "A Failed Acculturation-by-Naturalisation Experiment. The néo-français in Tunisia under the French Protectorate". Hemispheres.Studies on Cultures and Societies 37 (2022): 5–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.60018/hemi.trtf3114.

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This article addresses the issues of intercultural contacts and presents historical experiences that relate to contemporary phenomena of the increased flow of migration. The relationship between acculturation and naturalisation and the concepts of integration of colonial peoples with France during the Third French Republic and the colonial empire have been examined. These concepts assumed integration through acculturation and assimilation, and the instrument conducive to this process was to be naturalisation. The article refers to archival material and explores individual cases of naturalisation in Tunisia during the period of the French protectorate. The documents prove that the act of naturalisation itself did not lead to greater acculturation. The main obstacle to acculturation expected by the French authorities was the constant identification of naturalised indigènes with native culture through socialization with the native environment.

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Centlivres, Pierre. "Hospitalité, Etat et naturalisation". Communications 65, nr 1 (1997): 99–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/comm.1997.1991.

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Gutiérrez, Rosa Urbano. "The naturalisation of architecture". Architectural Research Quarterly 20, nr 3 (wrzesień 2016): 257–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1359135516000373.

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Sustainability is gaining a firm presence within the discipline of architecture in spite of the number of obstacles with which it has been challenged: either confronting detractors, sceptics, and the discredit resulting from the abusive use of the term as a marketing tactic, or dealing with the actual practicalities inherent to its implementation. This heightened environmental consciousness increasingly engrained within the profession is solidly supported by a growing social, political and media interest, which has impelled new regulations and the involvement of new experts like physicists, engineers, and ecologists in the design process. This phenomenon is transforming architectural practice and design techniques, moving the focus from a mechanical perspective of architecture (tectonics, construction, materiality, structure) to a biotechnical approach which attempts to equip the architect with instruments to regard buildings as living structures permanently exchanging energy with their environment. Using the environment as a creative generator for design has prompted the emergence of new aesthetic models in current architectural design. The access to new tools, together with new concerns and ways of thinking, have opened new lines of intervention that seem to affect the profession in a more fundamental way. The focus of this paper is to provide an account of these cultural constructs as experimental aesthetic systems, with the intention of not only clarifying their principles and objectives, but also reflecting on the design techniques associated to them. Ultimately, this paper provides a reflection on the role of aesthetics in sustainable design, and on the critical question: is sustainability finally becoming an intrinsic part of architecture?

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Fortier, Anne-Marie. "Afterword: Interrogating naturalisation, naturalised uncertainty and anxious states". Ethnicities 21, nr 2 (18.03.2021): 395–407. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/14687968211001626.

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This afterword addresses four broad questions raised by this special issue: uncertainty as a mode of governance, the ontological politics of naturalisation, the citizen-noncitizen distinction, and performative (anxious) states. First, taking uncertainty as a mode of neoliberal governance as the starting point of analysis, this afterword invites the scrutiny of the ways in which the artifice and uncertainty of citizenship are concealed or rendered irrelevant in naturalisation processes. Second, the contributions to this special issue consider naturalisation as a social and political process, rather than solely as a legal status. Pushing this conception further, this afterword considers naturalisation as transactional in two ways: on the one hand, migrants navigate a number of formal and informal requirements and ‘tests’, where some transactions are needed along the way, be they financial, practical, or symbolic. On the other hand, transactions will also occur in the translation of political ideology into policy. Third, naturalisation regimes both blur and reify the citizen-noncitizen and the citizen-migrant distinctions. Distinctions which this afterword unpacks by unravelling the assumed separation between citizenship and migration. How are citizens and migrants migratised? How are migrants and citizens citizenised? Fourth, a further element of the analysis concerns how state-citizen relations are enacted and by extension, how the state itself is ‘made up’ and ‘anxious’. The affective politics of ‘anxious states’ are telling of the frames of desire of naturalisation, which are founded on a threefold principle: the desirability of citizenship, the desire for desirable citizens, and the desirability of the state itself.

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Winter, Elke, i Marie-Michèle Sauvageau. "Vers une compréhension nationaliste de la naturalisation au Canada ? Analyse des changements récents en matière d’octroi de la citoyenneté dans le contexte canadien". Canadian Journal of Law and Society / Revue Canadienne Droit et Société 30, nr 01 (31.07.2014): 73–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cls.2014.12.

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RésuméLe Canada peut se vanter d’avoir un des taux de naturalisation les plus élevés au monde. Dans les derniers cinq ans, une série de modifications aux règles de la citoyenneté ont été instaurées, dont la majorité touche directement le processus de naturalisation. Adoptant une approche sociologique, nous proposons de répondre à la question suivante : La naturalisation au Canada au début du vingt-et-unième siècle, reste-elle aussi « libérale » qu’elle l’était dans les années 1990 ou, au contraire, tourne-t-elle, comme dans beaucoup de pays d’Europe, à la re-nationalisation ? Nos résultats suggèrent qu’il est difficile de conclure à un véritable changement de régime depuis l’arrivée du Parti conservateur au pouvoir, étant donné la portée réelle de la majorité de ces changements. Toutefois, la présence d’un discours de plus en plus identitaire et protecteur face à une façon spécifique d’être Canadien témoigne d’une nouvelle rhétorique autour de la citoyenneté canadienne, rhétorique qui se rapproche d’une conception « nationaliste » de la naturalisation.

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Barrios Aquino, Marianela. "Affective Citizenship in Brexit Britain: EU Citizens’ Responses to Emotional Governance". Emotions: History, Culture, Society 6, nr 2 (2.12.2022): 296–313. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/2208522x-02010169.

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Abstract Brexit has exacerbated the importance of understanding the affective dimension of citizenship for EU citizens residing in the southeast of England after the UK’s 2016 referendum on membership of the EU. The state’s emotional governance, manifested in citizenship policies and the naturalisation process, reveals a complex understanding of belonging and exclusion in the context of intra-EU mobility. In this essay I focus on how naturalisation requirements establish the emotions that new citizens should feel and the impact this has on their representation of citizenship. This analysis focuses on three out of thirty-four semi-structured interviews conducted in 2017 with EU citizens at different stages of the naturalisation process. Findings show that the political context emphasises the emotional elements of naturalisation in a context of political instability. I conclude that participants’ accounts reveal their resistance to the way the state attempts to govern through emotions. This resistance serves as an indicator of emotional governance in Brexit Britain.

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Reimann, Christina. "‘Behaviour and Morality have Remained Irreproachable, and his Commercial Reputation is Good". BMGN - Low Countries Historical Review 136, nr 3 (30.09.2021): 3–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.51769/bmgn-lchr.6999.

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In the late nineteenth century, with the expansion of their harbours and the growth of transatlantic mobility, the port cities of Antwerp and Rotterdam became home to economically important and large migrant communities. In a context marked by the often-claimed rise of the nation state, when national legislation concerning nationality and citizenship was shifting, local authorities and citizens played an important but still underestimated role when it came to enforcing the naturalisation of foreign nationals. Applications for naturalisation in both Antwerp and Rotterdam were firmly rooted in the local context, and economic performance was key to the police commissar’s support of an applicant’s case towards the national authorities. By comparatively analysing individual applications for naturalisation in Antwerp and Rotterdam, this paper argues that the close relationship between the nation-state and the mechanisms of legal inclusion and exclusion on which it rested, has to be relativised. Aan het eind van de negentiende eeuw werden de steden Antwerpen en Rotterdam, dankzij de uitbreiding van hun havens en de groei van de trans-Atlantische mobiliteit, de thuisbasis van grote en economisch belangrijke migrantengemeenschappen. In een periode die in de historiografie vaak gekenmerkt wordt door de veronderstelde opkomst van de natiestaat en veranderende wetgeving omtrent nationaliteit en burgerschap, speelden lokale overheden en burgers een belangrijke, maar nog vaak onderschatte rol bij het bewerkstelligen van naturalisatie van mensen met een migratieachtergrond. Zowel in Antwerpen als in Rotterdam waren naturalisatieverzoeken duidelijk gesitueerd in de lokale context van de aanvrager. Zo was het economische succes van een aanvrager een doorslaggevende factor voor het verkrijgen van steun van de politiecommissaris. Deze steun vergrootte de kans van slagen van een naturalisatieaanvraag bij de nationale overheid. Aan de hand van een vergelijkend onderzoek naar individuele naturalisatieaanvragen in Antwerpen en Rotterdam, stelt dit artikel dat de hechte relatie tussen de natiestaat en de mechanismen van wettelijke in- en uitsluiting waarop die berust, moet worden gerelativeerd.

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Gefen, Alexandre. "Introduction. La naturalisation de l’esthétique". Nouvelle revue d’esthétique 15, nr 1 (2015): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/nre.015.0005.

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Trentini, Bruno. "Quelle naturalisation pour quelle esthétique ?" Nouvelle revue d’esthétique 15, nr 1 (2015): 59. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/nre.015.0059.

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Hajjat, Abdellali. "Entraves invisibles à la naturalisation". Plein droit 79, nr 4 (2008): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/pld.079.0007.

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Guibet Lafaye, Caroline. "La naturalisation de l'appropriation privative". Revue de philosophie économique 15, nr 2 (2014): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/rpec.152.0035.

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Besnier, Jean-Michel. "De la naturalisation de l’esprit". Raison présente N° 219, nr 3 (1.10.2021): 19–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/rpre.219.0019.

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Charlap, Cécile. "La naturalisation de la ménopause". Emulations - Revue de sciences sociales, nr 15 (7.09.2018): 49–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.14428/emulations.015.006.

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Cet article aborde le caractère historiquement situé de la ménopause et les différents paradigmes de pensée qui ont construit cette catégorie depuis le XIXe siècle. Que la pléthore sanguine, l’utérus ou les hormones soient convoqués dans l’étiologie des désordres de la ménopause, le genre marque les discours médicaux. Nous analyserons, dans un premier temps, l’invention de la ménopause au début du XIXe siècle en France comme fruit de l’assomption d’un modèle des deux sexes. Nous verrons que cette invention participe du genre, en ce qu’elle affermit une pensée dichotomique et essentialisante construisant une physiologie féminine troublée et à réguler. Nous montrerons, dans un second temps, que la conception hormonale du corps développée dans les années 1920 construit la ménopause comme déficience principielle. Le genre procède aujourd’hui d’une essentialisation du féminin à partir du prisme hormonal.

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Hours, Bernard. "La naturalisation morale du capitalisme". L'Homme & la Société N° 216, nr 1 (29.11.2022): 23–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/lhs.216.0023.

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Vasilieva, Tatiana A. "Naturalisation of Migrants: Current Trends". Zakon 21, nr 3 (marzec 2024): 16–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.37239/0869-4400-2024-21-3-16-26.

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With the widespread recognition of the concept of human dignity and universal human rights standards, the rigid boundaries between the concept of citizen and alien are blurring. Many individuals reside outside the State of their citizenship on a long-term basis. Migrants cannot be viewed as a homogeneous community, but differ in terms of their states of origin, grounds, purposes and duration of stay, visa regimes, professional qualifications, and future migration plans. However, widespread transnational migration creates real problems for migrant receiving states due to the erosion of socio-cultural homogeneity of the population; an increase in the number of groups with different value systems living on the same territory; a fairly high proportion of migrants among those who break the law or are unemployed; the creation by some migrant communities of parallel economies, shadow social structures and the use of social norms of the country of origin in their relations. Rising tensions and clashes between migrants and natives are contributing to the tightening of state policies on migrant reception. Acquisition of citizenship is beginning to be more tightly coordinated with migration policy and considered in the light of social cohesion. The introduction of new criteria required for citizenship (linguistic, integration, economic) is largely oriented towards identifying culturally close economically self-sufficient migrants whose values are not particularly different from those shared by the majority in the host society. In the sphere of legal regulation, two factors significantly influence the level of naturalisation — the introduction of dual citizenship and the possibility of acquiring citizenship by birth on the territory of the country.

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Khan, Kamran, i Adrian Blackledge. "‘They look into our lips’". Language & Citizenship 14, nr 3 (17.08.2015): 382–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/jlp.14.3.04kha.

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The British citizenship ceremony marks the legal endpoint of the naturalisation process. While the citizenship ceremony may be a celebration, it can also be a final examination. Using an ethnographically-informed case study, this article follows one candidate, ‘W’, through the naturalisation process in the UK. W is a migrant Yemeni at the end of the naturalisation process. Bakhtin’s notion of “ideological becoming” offers an analytic orientation into how competing discourses may operate. This article focuses on the role of what Bakhtin describes as “authoritative discourse” in the citizenship ceremony, in particular the Oath/Affirmation of Allegiance which citizenship candidates are required to recite. Success in the ceremony is dependent on how individuals negotiate authoritative discourse. This study follows W and highlights the complexities and negotiations of authoritative discourse in a citizenship ceremony.

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Dzankic, Jelena. "Citizenship with a price tag: the law and ethics of investor citizenship programmes". Northern Ireland Legal Quarterly 65, nr 4 (12.02.2019): 387–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.53386/nilq.v65i4.223.

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While a significant amount of attention has been paid in scholarly work to the modes of acquisition of citizenship at birth, either through territorial attachments (ius soli) or descent (ius sanguinis), far less consideration has been given to the acquisition of citizenship after birth (ius nexi). Even if the notion of ius nexi encapsulates a variety of modes for the acquisition of citizenship through connection to the host state, the one that has recently gained salience in the context of the preferential naturalisation of investors is that of ius pecuniae – i.e. citizenship acquisition driven by money. Although setting a price tag on membership in a community is intuitively disquieting, there has hitherto been little discussion as to why this might be the case. The primary goal of this article is to set out three sets of criteria against which the different mechanisms of preferential naturalisation of investors can be evaluated. Deploying a critique of the notion of ‘genuine ties’, we first examine whether the economic utility of the investment to the state can suffice to override some or all other criteria for naturalisation. Then, we look at the preferential treatment of investors in the context of merit-based naturalisation. Finally, we examine how the investment-based ius pecuniae affects the relationship between the members of the polity and naturalised investors and between naturalised investors and other applicants subject to ordinary naturalisation. The analysis suggests that, even though all these criteria have pitfalls, the principle that citizenship should instantiate a claim of equality best explains why we are uncomfortable with the idea ofselling citizenship.

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Soon, Jan-Jan. "Flags and anthems: naturalisation effects on income and employment". International Journal of Social Economics 44, nr 4 (10.04.2017): 491–504. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijse-06-2015-0179.

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Purpose Even though Europe has recently undergone a difficult time and is recovering from the aftermath of prevalent unemployment, immigrants are still flocking towards Europe and taking up citizenships of their host countries through naturalisation. The purpose of this paper is to look at the how naturalised immigrants fare in terms of income and employment chances, compared to immigrants. Design/methodology/approach Using a fuzzy regression discontinuity design and the 2008 European Values Study integrated data set with a final sample of 4,460 observations, this paper isolates the causal effect of naturalisation on the income and employment chances of immigrants by exploiting exogenous variations generated by the eligibility rules for naturalisation in 41 European countries. Findings Main findings show that the probability of being naturalised increases for eligible immigrants, income and employment chances increase for eligible immigrants, and income and employment chances increase for naturalised immigrants. Research limitations/implications This study has a data limitation, where in using the discontinuity design, there is an unbalanced number of observations to the left and right of the design’s threshold value. Originality/value There are limited studies using causal models or potential outcome frameworks to examine the effect of immigrant naturalisation on labour market outcomes in Europe. This study fills this gap.

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Esler, A. E., i Sandra J. Astridge. "The naturalisation of plants in urban Auckland, New Zealand 2. Records of introduction and naturalisation". New Zealand Journal of Botany 25, nr 4 (październik 1987): 523–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0028825x.1987.10410084.

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Kim, Nora Hui-Jung. "The Janus-faced court of naturalisation: marriage and kinship in naturalisation litigation in South Korea". Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies 42, nr 9 (17.02.2016): 1536–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1369183x.2016.1145540.

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Kandalec, Pavel. "Naturalisation in the Czech Republic – The Gap between the Citizen and the State". ICL Journal 13, nr 2 (25.09.2019): 187–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/icl-2018-0079.

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Abstract This paper describes new legislation relating to citizenship of the Czech Republic, namely Act No 186/2013 Coll, and shows how wide the gap is between the law and the applicants’ expectations. It is based on an analysis of more than 1,600 naturalisation decisions from 2013–2016. This analysis made it possible to draw the conclusion that the decisive aspects for naturalisation are different from those perceived as important by the applicants themselves. The acquisition of Czech citizenship is not, in practice, conditional to making any extraordinary contribution or to a higher level of integration. The stipulated condition for naturalisation in the Czech Republic is the absence of any obstacle defined by the law. One of these possible obstacles is the conclusion that the applicant poses a risk to state security. Recently, there seems to be a trend, where particular attention is devoted to this criterion reflecting the actual fear of society.

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Fine, Agnès, i Agnès Martial. "Vers une naturalisation de la filiation ?" Genèses 78, nr 1 (2010): 121. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/gen.078.0121.

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Clémot, Hugo. "Quelle naturalisation de l’esthétique du cinéma ?" Nouvelle revue d’esthétique 15, nr 1 (2015): 111. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/nre.015.0111.

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Zalc, Claire. "La naturalisation acte ou vecteur d’intégration ?" Pouvoirs 160, nr 1 (2017): 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/pouv.160.0047.

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Cabaillot, Claire. "Un exemple de "naturalisation" : le Fiore". Arzanà 1, nr 1 (1992): 15–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/arzan.1992.855.

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Noël, Patrick. "La naturalisation de l’épistémologie de l’histoire". Revue de l'université de Moncton 50, nr 1-2 (2019): 123. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1084313ar.

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Jensen, Kristian Kriegbaum, i Lasse Nielsen. "Reconciling automatic and conditional immigrant naturalisation". Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies 47, nr 1 (10.05.2019): 208–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1369183x.2019.1614437.

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EGUCHI, Kazuhiro, i Hitoha Esther AMAN. "Naturalisation of Exotic Birds in Japan". Japanese Journal of Ornithology 47, nr 3 (1999): 97–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.3838/jjo.47.97.

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Charvolin, Florian. "La naturalisation de la côte Aquitaine". Études rurales, nr 195 (1.06.2015): 59–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/etudesrurales.10259.

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Hettinger, N. "Exotic Species, Naturalisation, and Biological Nativism". Environmental Values 10, nr 2 (1.05.2001): 193–224. http://dx.doi.org/10.3197/096327101129340804.

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Hettinger, Ned. "Exotic Species, Naturalisation, and Biological Nativism". Environmental Values 10, nr 2 (maj 2001): 193–224. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/096327190101000204.

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Contrary to frequent characterisations, exotic species should not be identified as damaging species, species introduced by humans, or species originating from some other geographical location. Exotics are best characterised ecologically as species that are foreign to an ecological assemblage in the sense that they have not significantly adapted with the biota constituting that assemblage or to the local abiotic conditions. Exotic species become natives when they have ecologically naturalised and when human influence over their presence in an assemblage (if any) has washed away. Although the damaging nature and anthropogenic origin of many exotic species provide good reasons for a negative evaluation of such exotics, even naturally-dispersing, nondamaging exotics warrant opposition. Biological nativists’ antagonism toward exotics need not be xenophobic and can be justified as a way of preserving the diversity of ecological assemblages from the homogenising forces of globalisation. Implications for Yellowstone National Park policy are explored.

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Gudžinskas, Zigmantas, i Laurynas Taura. "New Alien Plant Species Recorded in South Lithuania". Botanica 26, nr 2 (1.12.2020): 170–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/botlit-2020-0018.

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AbstractPerforming a thorough inventory of alien plant species in the southern part of Lithuania, we found twelve alien plant species previously not registered in the country: Aruncus dioicus, Buxus sempervirens, Clematis vitalba, Clematis recta, Colutea arborescens, Erechtites hieraciifolius, Erigeron strigosus, Euphorbia marginata, Genista sagittalis, Lathyrus latifolius, Sempervivum arachnoideum and Silphium perfoliatum. All newly recorded alien species, except Erechtites hieraciifolius and possibly Genista sagittalis, have been introduced intentionally and escaped from cultivation. Ten species currently occur as casuals, whereas Colutea arborescens and Genista sagittalis are locally naturalised. Naturalisation of Buxus sempervirens and Euphorbia marginata in the foreseen future is unlikely in Lithuania, naturalisation of Aruncus dioicus, Sempervivum arachnoideum and Silphium perfoliatum is possible. In contrast, naturalisation of the other five species is expected in the nearest future. Invasion of seven analysed alien species is unlikely in Lithuania, whereas Clematis vitalba, Colutea arborescens, Erechtites hieraciifolius, Erigeron strigosus, Lathyrus latifolius have the potential to become invasive in the country. Therefore, their reproduction and spread should be monitored, and measures for prevention of their invasion should be applied, if necessary.

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Paul, Subham. "Politics of Performance: a Study of Kandasamy’s Novel When I Hit You". SMART MOVES JOURNAL IJELLH 9, nr 2 (27.02.2021): 193–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.24113/ijellh.v9i2.10921.

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“…[T]he category “woman” as well as the category “man” are political and economic categories not eternal ones” as commented by Monique Wittig. However, in any patriarchal society these categories are treated to be eternal through repeated naturalisation determining ‘ideal’ gender roles for both the genders. In Kandasamy’s novel When I Hit You the ‘young wife’ started to imbibe and epitomise the role of an ‘ideal wife’ as determined by the patriarchal society. The novel emphasises on the performativity of the pre-assigned gender roles of the protagonist and the authoritative agencies of patriarchy determining her as “evil spirit” when faced with performative resistance. In this dialectics of performance and resistance the writer’s words become the tool of resistance for the marginalised ‘young wife’ of Kandasamy’s novel. Her criticism is not only against the construction of these gendered roles but also against their naturalisation and appropriation. The primary focus of this paper is thus to discuss the politics behind the gendered roles and the agenda of interpellation working behind the project of their naturalisation with a focus on the necessity of subversion of these roles for the protection of the individual self.

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Vanessa Losego, Sarah, i Lutz Raphael. "Pratiques de naturalisation. Le cas du bassin industriel de Longwy (1946-1990)". Annales. Histoire, Sciences Sociales 61, nr 1 (luty 2006): 135–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0395264900030912.

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RésuméLa présente contribution analyse un échantillon de dossiers de naturalisation concernant des étrangers italiens, polonais, portugais, algériens, marocains et tunisiens, résidents de l’agglomération de Longwy entre 1946 et 1990. Il en résulte que la population déclarée française doit être envisagée comme le point de croisement entre la volonté et la représentation de l’appartenance nationale de la part des cadres politico-administratifs et un ensemble de stratégies sociales de la part des étrangers. On peut distinguer trois constellations spécifiques renvoyant aux périodes 1950-1958, 1965-1975 et 1976-1990. En même temps, l’analyse fait voir l’émergence lente d’un modèle républicain de la naturalisation qui puise ses forces dans la stabilité des procédures administratives et dans la continuité du discours sur l’intégration. En pratique, la conception selon laquelle un individu est prêt et capable de faire partie harmonieusement de la « communauté française » a changé à partir du milieu des années 1970. La naturalisation est bien davantage devenue une ressource stratégique pour les immigrés, en particulier pour les jeunes, dans le cadre de trajectoires biographiques plus complexes et souvent très précaires. Surtout à l’égard de ces derniers, l’administration française a réagi en facilitant leur inclusion dans la communauté nationale.

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Mathew, Mathews, i Debbie Soon. "Transiting into Singaporean identity: Immigration and naturalisation policy". Migration Letters 13, nr 1 (1.01.2015): 33–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.33182/ml.v13i1.262.

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Debates in Singapore about immigration and naturalisation policy have escalated substantially since 2008 when the government allowed an unprecedentedly large number of immigrants into the country. This essay will discuss immigration and naturalisation policy in Singapore and the tensions that have been evoked, and how these policies are a key tool in regulating the optimal composition and size of the population for the state’s imperatives. It will demonstrate that although the state has, as part of its broader economic and manpower planning policy to import labour for economic objectives, it seeks to retain only skilled labour with an exclusive form of citizenship. Even as the Singapore state has made its form of citizenship even more exclusive by reducing the benefits that non-citizens receive, its programmes for naturalising those who make the cut to become citizens which include the recently created Singapore Citizenship Journey (SCJ) is by no means burdensome from a comparative perspective. This paper examines policy discourse and the key symbols and narratives provided at naturalisation events and demonstrates how these are used to evoke the sense of the ideal citizen among new Singaporeans.

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Waldie, Augusta. "Contesting an Elastic Constitution: British Nationality and Protection in the Mandates". Britain and the World 16, nr 2 (wrzesień 2023): 168–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/brw.2023.0407.

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Current studies of British citizenship and nationality neglect the development of legal frameworks prior to the Second World War. A growing body of literature, invigorated by the 2017 Windrush scandal, charts the collapse of imperial citizenship as a dimension of British decolonisation from the 1960s onwards. In contrast, this article analyses how the British empire’s framework of national belonging became strained during the early 1920s, as Dominion leaders increasingly asserted their own sense of statehood and the League of Nations mandates system introduced new forms of imperial rule. The article considers General Jan Smuts’ decision to afford British naturalisation to 7,000 German colonists residing in the mandate of South-West Africa. League officials argued that Smuts’ scheme undermined the anti-annexationist ‘spirit’ of the Covenant, because mass naturalisation represented a practical declaration of South African sovereignty in the mandate. Meanwhile, British mandarins in the Home, Colonial, and Foreign Offices believed Smuts’ policy would destabilise the empire’s constitutional distinctions between territorial zones of formal and informal imperial governance. They also feared it would inspire subaltern inhabitants of other British-protected foreign spaces, especially mandatory Palestine and the Indian princely states, to similarly demand naturalisation in order to claim stronger legal rights for themselves as British subjects. Ultimately, Smuts leveraged his political stature to secure British and League consent for his plan. To maintain a façade of constitutional coherence and metropolitan control, Whitehall mandarins recast Smuts’ naturalisation scheme as an imperial anomaly. Non-European inhabitants of the British mandates, and the wider informal empire, were granted the uncodified, indeterminate status of ‘British Protected Persons’ (BPPs). Recent scholarship has recognised BPP status as a form of de facto statelessness. Inter-war policymakers in the Home and Colonial Offices drew similar parallels, this article shows.

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Setiyadi, Alif Cahya, Anhar Anhar i Heru Saiful Anwar. "Existence of Arabicization Methods for Naturalising Contemporary Technical Vocabularies into the Arabic Language". REiLA : Journal of Research and Innovation in Language 4, nr 3 (21.12.2022): 309–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.31849/reila.v4i3.9369.

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This research aims at studying Arabicization methods to provide counter knowledge for the overuse of transliterated terms and the abundance of Arabic equivalents for a technical term. It further promotes precise methods on how to Arabicize foreign words in the proper way. For this reason, this qualitative research focuses on studying Arabicization methods in traditional and modern Arabic traditions. The data are collected from several Arabic books, journals, and Arabic language academy reports. For the analysis, the inductive analysis approach is mainly employed to drive the general pattern of Arabicization’s methods through interpretation made from the previous discourse on Arabicization. The research concludes that the conventional vocabulary expanding techniques, including al-ishtiqāq, al-tarjamah, al-qiyās, al-naḥt, and al-majāz, are supposedly less effective and inefficient, while al-dakhīl brings only a few advantages but situating the Arabic language contaminated with numerous peculiar terms. Hence, the four methods of Arabicisation, which involve phonetical naturalisation, morphological naturalisation, filtering, and hybrid Arabicization, are fully considered precise methods. These methods play a crucial role in generating new Arabic technical-technological vocabularies that are mainly a product of the West with all its steps. Arabicisation provides more steps of naturalisation properties that arguably can be the best way to accommodate neologism.

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Steinmann, Brigitte. "Retour critique sur la naturalisation des savoirs". Socio-anthropologie, nr 20 (25.05.2007): 87–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/socio-anthropologie.863.

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Guerry, Linda. "La naturalisation au service de la nation". Plein droit 126, nr 3 (2020): 36. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/pld.126.0038.

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Petitot, Jean. "Math�matiques et naturalisation des sciences humaines". Le Genre humain N�35, nr 2 (1999): 101. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/lgh.035.0101.

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Stitou, Rajaa. "Le nom à l'épreuve de la naturalisation". Cliniques méditerranéennes 64, nr 2 (2001): 83. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/cm.064.0083.

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Clarke, James, Elsbeth van Dam i Liz Gooster. "New Europeans: Naturalisation and citizenship in Europe". Citizenship Studies 2, nr 1 (luty 1998): 43–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13621029808420669.

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Bauböck, Rainer, i Dilek Çinar. "Briefing paper: Naturalisation policies in Western Europe". West European Politics 17, nr 2 (kwiecień 1994): 192–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01402389408425021.

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