Gotowe bibliografie tematyczne / Natural gas-oxidizer; Laminar burning velocity

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Gotowa bibliografia na temat „Natural gas-oxidizer; Laminar burning velocity”

Autor: Grafiati

Data publikacji: 6 września 2023

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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat "Natural gas-oxidizer; Laminar burning velocity"

Han, Zhiqiang, Zhennan Zhu, Peng Wang, Kun Liang, Zinong Zuo, and Dongjian Zeng. "The Effect of Initial Conditions on the Laminar Burning Characteristics of Natural Gas Diluted by CO2." Energies 12, no. 15 (2019): 2892. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12152892.

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The initial conditions such as temperature, pressure and dilution rate can have an effect on the laminar burning velocity of natural gas. It is acknowledged that there is an equivalent effect on the laminar burning velocity between any two initial conditions. The effects of initial temperatures (323 K–423 K), initial pressures (0.1 MPa–0.3 MPa) and dilution rate (0–16%, CO2 as diluent gas) on the laminar burning velocity and the flame instability were investigated at a series of equivalence ratios (0.7–1.2) in a constant volume chamber. A chemical kinetic simulation was also conducted to calculate the laminar burning velocity and essential radicals’ concentrations under the same initial conditions. The results show that the laminar burning velocity of natural gas increases with initial temperature but decreases with initial pressure and dilution rate. The maximum concentrations of H, O and OH increase with initial temperature but decrease with initial pressure and dilution rate. Laminar burning velocity is highly correlated with the sum of the maximum concentration of H and OH.

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Wu, Xueshun, Peng Wang, Zhennan Zhu, Yunshou Qian, Wenbin Yu, and Zhiqiang Han. "The Equivalent Effect of Initial Condition Coupling on the Laminar Burning Velocity of Natural Gas Diluted by CO2." Energies 14, no. 4 (2021): 809. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14040809.

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Initial temperature has a promoting effect on laminar burning velocity, while initial pressure and dilution rate have an inhibitory effect on laminar burning velocity. Equal laminar burning velocities can be obtained by initial condition coupling with different temperatures, pressures and dilution rates. This paper analysed the equivalent distribution pattern of laminar burning velocity and the variation pattern of an equal weight curve using the coupling effect of the initial pressure (0.1–0.3 MPa), initial temperature (323–423 K) and dilution rate (0–16%). The results show that, as the initial temperature increases, the initial pressure decreases and the dilution rate decreases, the rate of change in laminar burning velocity increases. The equivalent effect of initial condition coupling can obtain equal laminar burning velocity with an dilution rate increase (or decrease) of 2% and an initial temperature increase (or decrease) of 29 K. Moreover, the increase in equivalence ratio leads to the rate of change in laminar burning velocity first increasing and then decreasing, while the increases in dilution rate and initial pressure make the rate of change in laminar burning velocity gradually decrease and the increase in initial temperature makes the rate of change in laminar burning velocity gradually increase. The area of the region, where the initial temperature influence weight is larger, gradually decreases as the dilution rate increases, and the rate of decrease gradually decreases.

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Jones, A. L., and R. L. Evans. "Comparison of Burning Rates in a Natural-Gas-Fueled Spark Ignition Engine." Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 107, no. 4 (1985): 908–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3239835.

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A series of tests was conducted on a Toyota, four-cylinder, spark ignition engine which was modified to run on either gasoline or natural gas. The aim of the experiment was to investigate the performance and combustion behavior of natural gas, with particular emphasis on its low burning velocity. A pressure transducer installed in the cylinder head was used to obtain pressure versus crank angle curves from which mass burn rates and burning velocities were calculated, using a heat release analysis program. Results indicate that the low laminar burning velocity of natural gas extends its ignition delay period (time to 1 percent burned) by up to 100 percent compared with gasoline. This contrasts with the remainder of the combustion period which is dominated by turbulence effects that produce very similar burning velocities for the two fuels.

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Cardona Vargas, Arley, Carlos E. Arrieta, Hernando Alexander Yepes Tumay, Camilo Echeverri-Uribe, and Andrés Amell. "Determination of laminar burning velocity of methane/air flames in sub atmospheric environments." EUREKA: Physics and Engineering, no. 4 (July 23, 2021): 50–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.21303/2461-4262.2021.001775.

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The global energy demand enhances the environmental and operational benefits of natural gas as an energy alternative, due to its composition, mainly methane (CH4), it has low polluting emissions and benefits in energy and combustion systems. In the present work, the laminar burning velocity of methane was determined numerically and experimentally at two pressure conditions, 0.85 atm and 0.98 atm, corresponding to the city of Medellín and Caucasia, respectively, located in Colombia. The environmental conditions were 0.85 atm, 0.98 atm, and 295±1 K. The simulations and experimental measurements were carried out for different equivalence relations. Experimental laminar burning velocities were determined using the burner method and spontaneous chemiluminescence technique, flames were generated using burners with contoured rectangular ports to maintain laminar Reynolds numbers for the equivalence ratios under study and to reduce the effects of stretch and curvature in the direction of the burner's axis. In general, the laminar burning velocity fits well with the numerical results. With the results obtained, a correlation is proposed that relates the laminar burning velocity with the effects of pressure, in the form SL=aPb, where a and b are model constants. Sensitivity analysis was performed using the GRI-Mech 3.0 mechanism which showed that the most sensitive reaction was H+O2=O+OH (R38). Additionally, it was found that the reactions H+CH3 (+M)=CH4 (+M) (R52), 2CH3 (+M)=C2H6 (+M) (R158), and O+CH3=H+CH2O (R10) dominate the consumption of CH3 which is an important radical in the oxidation of methane, this analysis is carried out for equivalence ratios of 0.8 and 1.0, and atmospheric pressures of 0.85 atm and 0.98 atm

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Zhang, Ziyue, Runfan Zhu, Yanqun Zhu, Wubin Weng, Yong He, and Zhihua Wang. "Experimental and Kinetic Study on Laminar Burning Velocities of High Ratio Hydrogen Addition to CH4+O2+N2 and NG+O2+N2 Flames." Energies 16, no. 14 (2023): 5265. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16145265.

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In 2020, energy-related CO2 emissions reached 31.5 Gt, leading to an unprecedented atmospheric CO2 level of 412.5 ppm. Hydrogen blending in natural gas (NG) is a solution for maximizing clean energy utilization and enabling long-distance H2 transport through pipelines. However, insufficient comprehension concerning the combustion characteristics of NG, specifically when blended with a high proportion of hydrogen up to 80%, particularly with minority species, persists. Utilizing the heat flux method at room temperature and 1 atm, this experiment investigated the laminar burning velocities of CH4/NG/H2/air/He flames incorporating minority species, specifically C2H6 and C3H8, within NG. The results point out the regularity of SL enhancement, reaching its maximum at an equivalence ratio of 1.4. Furthermore, the propensity for the enhancement of laminar burning velocity aligned with the observed thermoacoustic oscillation instability during fuel-rich regimes. The experimental findings were contrasted with kinetic simulations, utilizing the GRI 3.0 and San Diego mechanisms to facilitate analysis. The inclusion of H2 augments the chemical reactions within the preheating zone, while the thermal effect from temperature is negligible. Both experimental and simulated results revealed that CH4 and NG with a large proportion of H2 had no difference, no matter whether from a laminar burning velocity or a kinetic analysis aspect.

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Sanmiguel, Javier E., S. A. (Raj) Mehta, and R. Gordon Moore. "An Experimental Study of Controlled Gas-Phase Combustion in Porous Media for Enhanced Recovery of Oil and Gas." Journal of Energy Resources Technology 125, no. 1 (2003): 64–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1510522.

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This paper describes an experimental study aimed at establishing fundamental information on the various processes and relevant controlling mechanisms associated with gas-phase combustion in porous media, especially at elevated pressures. A novel apparatus has been designed, constructed and commissioned in order to evaluate the effects of controlling parameters such as operating pressure, gas flow rate, type and size of porous media, and equivalence ratio on combustion characteristics. The results of this study, concerned with lean mixtures of natural gas and air and operational pressures from atmospheric (88.5 kPa or 12.8 psia) to 433.0 kPa (62.8 psia), will be presented. It will be shown that the velocity of the combustion front decreases as the operating pressure of the system increases, and during some test operating conditions, the apparent burning velocities are over 40 times higher than the open flame laminar burning velocities.

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Kro¨ner, M., J. Fritz, and T. Sattelmayer. "Flashback Limits for Combustion Induced Vortex Breakdown in a Swirl Burner." Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 125, no. 3 (2003): 693–700. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1582498.

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Flame flashback from the combustion chamber into the mixing zone limits the reliability of swirl stabilized lean premixed combustion in gas turbines. In a former study, the combustion induced vortex breakdown (CIVB) has been identified as a prevailing flashback mechanism of swirl burners. The present study has been performed to determine the flashback limits of a swirl burner with cylindrical premixing tube without centerbody at atmospheric conditions. The flashback limits, herein defined as the upstream flame propagation through the entire mixing tube, have been detected by a special optical flame sensor with a high temporal resolution. In order to study the effect of the relevant parameters on the flashback limits, the burning velocity of the fuel has been varied using four different natural gas-hydrogen-mixtures with a volume fraction of up to 60% hydrogen. A simple approach for the calculation of the laminar flame speeds of these mixtures is proposed which is used in the next step to correlate the experimental results. In the study, the preheat temperature of the fuel mixture was varied from 100°C to 450°C in order to investigate influence of the burning velocity as well as the density ratio over the flame front. Moreover, the mass flow rate has been modified in a wide range as an additional parameter of technical importance. It was found that the quenching of the chemical reaction is the governing factor for the flashback limit. A Peclet number model was successfully applied to correlate the flashback limits as a function of the mixing tube diameter, the flow rate and the laminar burning velocity. Using this model, a quench factor can be determined for the burner, which is a criterion for the flashback resistance of the swirler and which allows to calculate the flashback limit for all operating conditions on the basis of a limited number of flashback tests.

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El-Sherif, A. S. "Effects of natural gas composition on the nitrogen oxide, flame structure and burning velocity under laminar premixed flame conditions." Fuel 77, no. 14 (1998): 1539–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0016-2361(98)00083-0.

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Mehra, Roopesh Kumar, Hao Duan, Sijie Luo, and Fanhua Ma. "Laminar burning velocity of hydrogen and carbon-monoxide enriched natural gas (HyCONG): An experimental and artificial neural network study." Fuel 246 (June 2019): 476–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2019.03.003.

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Mitu, Maria, Domnina Razus, and Volkmar Schroeder. "Laminar Burning Velocities of Hydrogen-Blended Methane–Air and Natural Gas–Air Mixtures, Calculated from the Early Stage of p(t) Records in a Spherical Vessel." Energies 14, no. 22 (2021): 7556. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14227556.

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The flammable hydrogen-blended methane–air and natural gas–air mixtures raise specific safety and environmental issues in the industry and transportation; therefore, their explosion characteristics such as the explosion limits, explosion pressures, and rates of pressure rise have significant importance from a safety point of view. At the same time, the laminar burning velocities are the most useful parameters for practical applications and in basic studies for the validation of reaction mechanisms and modeling turbulent combustion. In the present study, an experimental and numerical study of the effect of hydrogen addition on the laminar burning velocity (LBV) of methane–air and natural gas–air mixtures was conducted, using mixtures with equivalence ratios within 0.90 and 1.30 and various hydrogen fractions rH within 0.0 and 0.5. The experiments were performed in a 14 L spherical vessel with central ignition at ambient initial conditions. The LBVs were calculated from p(t) data, determined in accordance with EN 15967, by using only the early stage of flame propagation. The results show that hydrogen addition determines an increase in LBV for all examined binary flammable mixtures. The LBV variation versus the fraction of added hydrogen, rH, follows a linear trend only at moderate hydrogen fractions. The further increase in rH results in a stronger variation in LBV, as shown by both experimental and computed LBVs. Hydrogen addition significantly changes the thermal diffusivity of flammable CH4–air or NG–air mixtures, the rate of heat release, and the concentration of active radical species in the flame front and contribute, thus, to LBV variation.

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