Artykuły w czasopismach na temat „Native men – psychology”
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1
Young, Thomas J., i Laurence French. "STATUS INTEGRATION AND SUICIDE AMONG NATIVE AMERICAN WOMEN". Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal 23, nr 2 (1.01.1995): 155–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.2224/sbp.1995.23.2.155.
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The present study sought cross-cultural replication of studies reporting positive correlations for the percent of women in the labor force and suicide rates for men, supporting status integration theory. Contrary to expectations, data from the U.S. Indian Health Service areas yielded a significant, positive Pearson correlation coefficient for women but a nonsignificant correlation for men. Implications for cross-cultural research on status integration and suicide are discussed.
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Suire, Alexandre, Arnaud Tognetti, Valérie Durand, Michel Raymond i Melissa Barkat-Defradas. "Speech Acoustic Features: A Comparison of Gay Men, Heterosexual Men, and Heterosexual Women". Archives of Sexual Behavior 49, nr 7 (31.03.2020): 2575–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10508-020-01665-3.
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Abstract Potential differences between homosexual and heterosexual men have been studied on a diverse set of social and biological traits. Regarding acoustic features of speech, researchers have hypothesized a feminization of such characteristics in homosexual men, but previous investigations have so far produced mixed results. Moreover, most studies have been conducted with English-speaking populations, which calls for further cross-linguistic examinations. Lastly, no studies investigated so far the potential role of testosterone in the association between sexual orientation and speech acoustic features. To fill these gaps, we explored potential differences in acoustic features of speech between homosexual and heterosexual native French men and investigated whether the former showed a trend toward feminization by comparing theirs to that of heterosexual native French women. Lastly, we examined whether testosterone levels mediated the association between speech acoustic features and sexual orientation. We studied four sexually dimorphic acoustic features relevant for the qualification of feminine versus masculine voices: the fundamental frequency, its modulation, and two understudied acoustic features of speech, the harmonics-to-noise ratio (a proxy of vocal breathiness) and the jitter (a proxy of vocal roughness). Results showed that homosexual men displayed significantly higher pitch modulation patterns and less breathy voices compared to heterosexual men, with values shifted toward those of heterosexual women. Lastly, testosterone levels did not influence any of the investigated acoustic features. Combined with the literature conducted in other languages, our findings bring new support for the feminization hypothesis and suggest that the feminization of some acoustic features could be shared across languages.
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Venn, Jonathan. "MMPI Profiles of Native-, Mexican-, and Caucasian-American Male Alcoholics". Psychological Reports 62, nr 2 (kwiecień 1988): 427–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1988.62.2.427.
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Sixteen Native-American and 16 Mexican-American men were matched with Caucasian-American men on the basis of age and marital status. All subjects took the MMPI during inpatient rehabilitation for alcoholism. The present findings support earlier observations that (a) the 2–4 code type is a normative group profile among alcoholics, (b) Mexican Americans tend to score higher than Caucasians on Scale L, and (c) significant differences between ethnic groups tend not to appear when the samples are matched for relevant variables like age and marital status.
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Tao, Peng, Dong Guoying i Stuart Brody. "Preliminary Study of a Chinese Language Short Form of the Marlowe–Crowne Social Desirability Scale". Psychological Reports 105, nr 3_suppl (grudzień 2009): 1039–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.105.f.1039-1046.
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To evaluate the internal consistency reliability and discriminant validity of a Chinese language short form (14-item) of the Marlowe–Crowne Social Desirability Scale, data from 197 Chinese medical students were analyzed. Half (48 men, M age = 23.0 yr.; 51 women, M age = 22.0 yr.) were randomly assigned to receive standard instructions, and half (46 men, M age = 21.7 yr.; 52 women, M age = 21.5 yr.) were given mock job-selection instructions. The later had a higher mean Social Desirability score, which demonstrates discriminant validity. Split-half reliability was .71. Five factors were identified, but confirmatory factor analysis indicated adequate fit with a 1- or 2-factor model. Despite the challenge of translation into Chinese (in this case, involving translation into Mandarin and back-translation by native speakers for examination by a native speaker of English), this short form appears to have adequate internal consistency reliability and discriminant validity.
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Grandbois, G. H., i David Schadt. "Indian Identification and Alienation in an Urban Community". Psychological Reports 74, nr 1 (luty 1994): 211–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1994.74.1.211.
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Studies of alienation among Native Americans have been few. Reliance on sociological and psychological themes is commonplace in explaining Native Americans' alienation. This project was designed to explore the relationship between alienation and Native Americans' identification (26 men, 27 women) in an urban setting. Analysis generated correlations for scores on alienation with age, years of schooling, years of living in the city, percentage of Indian blood, self-rating of Indian identity, and Indian pride which were affected by gender.
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Glass, Melinda H., Stephen L. Bieber i Marilyn J. Tkachuk. "Personality Styles and Dynamics of Alaska Native and Nonnative Incarcerated Men". Journal of Personality Assessment 66, nr 3 (czerwiec 1996): 583–603. http://dx.doi.org/10.1207/s15327752jpa6603_8.
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Young, Thomas J. "LOCUS OF CONTROL AND SELF-REPORTED PSYCHOPATHOLOGY AMONG NATIVE AMERICANS". Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal 20, nr 4 (1.01.1992): 235–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.2224/sbp.1992.20.4.235.
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For 53 Native American college students positive, moderate Pearson correlation coefficients were found for scores from the Nowicki-Strickland Internal Locus of Control Scale and the Anxiety and Depression subscales and the Global Severity Index from the Brief Symptom Inventory. These findings, in contrast to previous research with black college men, suggest a relationship between locus of control and self-reported psychopathology for a sample of nonwhite subjects.
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Young, Thomas J. "Suicide and Homicide among Native Americans: Anomie Or Social Learning?" Psychological Reports 68, nr 3_suppl (czerwiec 1991): 1137–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1991.68.3c.1137.
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Analysis of data for 12 areas of the Indian Health Services from the US Department of Health and Human Services yielded a rho of .61 between poverty and suicide for men and a significant rho of .65 for poverty with homicide rates. The Navajo area is an exception, raising for study questions about social disintegration. For the women, poverty was not significantly related to suicide or homicide rates, raising additional questions about social disintegration.
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Vrugt, Anneke. "Effects of a Smile: Reciprocation and Compliance with a Request". Psychological Reports 101, nr 3_suppl (grudzień 2007): 1196–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.101.4.1196-1202.
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In this study, 639 native Dutch shoppers (279 men and 360 women) entering a department store, supermarket, or mall were approached with a request to sign a petition for animal welfare. The request was accompanied by a smile or a neutral expression displayed by a woman or a man. Results showed that a smile was reciprocated with a smile, especially by female participants. Participants were more likely to comply with the request of a woman than of a man. It was also found that smiling of the participant and compliance were related and that the reciprocation of a smile increased the likelihood of compliance with the request.
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Yang, Mu-Jang. "Reversibility of Reversible Chinese Words". Perceptual and Motor Skills 87, nr 2 (październik 1998): 656–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.1998.87.2.656.
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Reversible Chinese words are words which can be read either from left to right or vice versa. The reversibility of reversible two-character Chinese words for 101 women and 73 men, native speakers of Chinese, was estimated.
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Maree, Jacobus G., i Ann-Louise de Boer. "Assessment of Thinking Style Preferences and Language Proficiency for South African Students whose Native Languages Differ". Psychological Reports 93, nr 2 (październik 2003): 449–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.2003.93.2.449.
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The language proficiency of first-year students at the University of Pretoria (56 men and 59 women, M age = 19.40 yr., SD = .80, range from 18.00 to 20.70) was assessed by means of the English Language Skills Assessment. More than one third of the students did not show proficiency at Grade 10, as expected. This language assessment was not correlated with academic achievement equally well for students in a group. The diversity of thinking style preferences of the students enrolled in a language development course was also assessed on the Herrmann Brain Dominance Instrument. Scores indicated a range of thinking style preferences but the group's overall mean scores represented detail-oriented and feeling-based modes of thinking processes. These preferences were correlated with academic achievement and learning of languages. The data are consistent with the hypothesis that thinking styles could be a focus of educational strategies in South Africa, using the perspective that qualitatively different approaches to teaching might be associated with students' qualitatively different approaches to learning.
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Der-Karabetian, Aghop, Suzanne Berberian i Adrineh Der-Boghossian. "Armenian Ethnic Orientation Questionnaire–Revised". Psychological Reports 101, nr 2 (październik 2007): 485–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.101.2.485-496.
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The purpose of this study was to report the development of a shorter revised version of the 57-item Armenian Ethnic Orientation Questionnaire. Data from two different independently conducted studies were presented. One of the studies used a convenient sample from Pasadena, California ( n = 155) composed of Armenian adolescents (48% girls, 52% boys; with a mean age of 15.6 yr., SD =1.2) who attended public schools. The second study used a convenient sample from Toronto, Ontario ( n = 108) composed of community members at large (48% women, 52% men; with a mean age of 34.0 yr., SD= 15.3). A revision of 15 items rated on a 6-point scale showed good scale score reliability and construct validity. In both studies, scores on the revised version differentiated native-born from immigrant groups and were correlated with more ethnic behaviors and greater involvement.
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Abu-Al-Makarem, Ali, i Linda Petrosino. "Reading and Spontaneous Speaking Fundamental Frequency of Young Arabic Men for Arabic and English Languages: A Comparative Study". Perceptual and Motor Skills 105, nr 2 (październik 2007): 572–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.105.2.572-580.
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Speaking fundamental frequency (SFF), the average fundamental frequency (lowest frequency of a complex periodic sound) measured over the speaking time of a vocal or speech task, is a basic acoustic measure in clinical evaluation and treatment of voice disorders. Currently, there are few data on acoustic characteristics of different sociolinguistic groups, and no published data on the fundamental frequency characteristics of Arabic speech. The purpose of this study was to obtain preliminary data on the SFF characteristics of a group of normal speaking, young Arabic men. 15 native Arabic men ( M age = 23.5 yr., SD = 2.5) as participants received identical experimental treatment. Four speech samples were collected from each one, Arabic reading, Arabic spontaneous speech, English reading, and English spontaneous speech. Speaking samples, analyzed using the Computerized Speech Lab, showed no significant difference for mean SFF between language and type of speech and none for mean SFF between languages. A significant difference in the mean SFF was found between the types of speech. The SFF used during reading was significantly higher than that for spontaneous speech. Also Arabic men had higher SFF values than those previously reported for young men in other linguistic groups. SFF then might differ among linguistic, dialectical, and social groups and such data may provide clinicians information useful in evaluation and management of voice.
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Vrugt, Anneke, i Carolijn Vet. "Effects of a Smile on Mood and Helping Behavior". Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal 37, nr 9 (1.10.2009): 1251–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.2224/sbp.2009.37.9.1251.
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In this study 480 native Dutch passers-by (240 men and 240 women) were approached with a request to participate in an investigation. The request was made by either a female or male experimenter wearing either a smile or a neutral expression. Results showed that a smiling experimenter elicited a smile from participants more often than when a neutral expression was displayed. Furthermore, there was a distinct correlation between a participant's smiling and his/her willingness to help, and a smile from a male experimenter was more likely to elicit helpfulness than from a female experimenter. Participants who agreed to help also answered a few written questions. These results showed that participants who received a smile from an experimenter were in a more positive mood than those who were approached by an experimenter wearing a neutral expression. It was also found that women smiled more often than men.
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Sychev, Oleg A., i Timofei A. Nestik. "Moral Foundations for the Feelings of Shame and Pride Regarding the Native Country". RUDN Journal of Psychology and Pedagogics 19, nr 3 (15.12.2022): 528–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2313-1683-2022-19-3-528-549.
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The feelings of shame and pride regarding the native country are important in the context of the problem of civic identity; therefore, they are of growing interest on the part of sociologists and psychologists. Given the moral nature of these emotions, their analysis based on one of the most authoritative approaches in the psychology of morality, moral foundations theory, seems relevant and justified. The purpose of this study was to analyze the moral foundations for the feelings of shame and pride regarding the native country. The online survey involved 752 subjects (49.9% men) aged 16-73 (mean age M = 42, SD = 10.87). A new version of the Moral Foundations Questionnaire (MFQ-2) was used to assess the moral foundations. The feelings of shame and pride regarding the native country were assessed using a questionnaire tested in previous sociological and psychological studies. Data processing was carried out using exploratory factor analysis, linear regression analysis and analysis of variance (ANOVA). The results of the regression analysis on the factors of shame and pride regarding the native country showed that the moral foundations play an important role in these feelings among the inhabitants of Russia. However, a specific set of predictors is determined by what exactly is the subject of pride or shame. In general, the moral foundations of loyalty and authority are of the greatest importance for pride, while liberty and equity are most important for shame regarding the native country. Using the latent profile analysis, we identified typical profiles of moral foundations associated with age. A small group (14% of the sample) of relatively young respondents with an individualistic profile of moral foundations demonstrated a significant predominance of shame over pride regarding their native country. The other two groups with a traditionalist and a moderate profiles of moral foundations were characterized by a balance (or approximate equality) of pride and shame regarding their native country. The results of the study contribute to a deeper understanding of the role of the moral factors of patriotic education based on the formation of a feeling of pride in the country.
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Wickord, Lea-Christin, i Claudia Quaiser-Pohl. "Psychopathological Symptoms and Personality Traits as Predictors of Problematic Smartphone Use in Different Age Groups". Behavioral Sciences 12, nr 2 (25.01.2022): 20. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bs12020020.
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The study investigates psychopathological symptoms and the Big Five personality traits as predictors of “problematic smartphone use” (PSU) in different generational groups. The generational groups were selected to analyze whether the different life stages and developmental tasks that need to be completed have an impact on PSU. The groups were divided into digital immigrants, digital natives, and Generation Y and Z as subgroups of digital natives. A total of 399 subjects participated (312 women, 86 men, 1 diverse; mean age = 25.9; range 14–67; 44 digital immigrants, 355 digital natives, 35 Generation Y, and 320 Generation Z). They completed the ICD-10 Symptom Rating (ISR), the Big Five Inventory-10 (BFI-10), and the Mobile Phone Problematic Use Scale (MPPUS). The results show differences between digital immigrants and digital natives in the expression of PSU, neuroticism, conscientiousness, depression, anxiety, and compulsivity. Concerning Generations Y and Z, differences were only found in the expression of the PSU. Regression revealed that symptoms for obsessive-compulsive disorders, depression, conscientiousness, and gender were significant predictors of PSU. Moderations have shown that being a digital immigrant/native moderates the impact of eating disorders on PSU. Belonging to Generation Y/Z moderates the influence of conscientiousness and depression on PSU. Thus, it shows that in different generations, different factors seem to play a role in the development and maintenance of PSU.
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Sjöberg, Mattias, i Farhan Sarwar. "Who Gets Blamed for Rapes: Effects of Immigration Status on the Attribution of Blame Toward Victims and Perpetrators". Journal of Interpersonal Violence 35, nr 13-14 (18.04.2017): 2446–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0886260517703371.
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This study examines the influence of the victim’s immigration status, perpetrator’s immigration status, and participant’s immigration status on victim and perpetrator blame attributions. In addition, comparisons between men and women were made. Participants read a rape vignette in the form of a newspaper article and subsequently attributed victim and perpetrator blame. A 2 (victim’s immigration status) × 2 (perpetrator’s immigration status) × 2 (participant’s immigration status) × 2 (gender of participant) between-subjects design was used. Measures of blame attributions toward the victim and perpetrator were used as dependent variables. The main results showed that participants with an immigrant background and native males attributed significantly more victim and less perpetrator blame. An interaction involving victim and perpetrator immigration status emerged for female participants and were subsequently discussed, as well as suggestions for future research.
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Spirrison, Charles L., i Suksoon Choi. "Psychometric Properties of a Korean Version of the Revised Neo-Personality Inventory". Psychological Reports 83, nr 1 (sierpień 1998): 263–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1998.83.1.263.
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Native Korean speakers attending English-speaking universities in the United States (47 men, 37 women) were administered Form S (self-report) or Form R (observer's ratings) of both the English and Korean language versions of the Revised NEO-Personality Inventory. Analyses of internal consistency reliability, Pearson correlation coefficients, and t tests computed across languages and within forms suggested chat the Korean translations of Form S and Form R were essentially equivalent to the English originals. Using the Korean versions of the Form S and Form R domains, correlations were computed between self-reported personality traits and the traits as rated by each participant's spouse. The resulting correlation matrix supported the convergent and discriminant validity of this Korean translation of the Revised NEO-Personality Inventory.
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Templer, Donald I. "Prison Norms for Raven's Standard Progressive Matrices". Perceptual and Motor Skills 74, nr 3_suppl (czerwiec 1992): 1193–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.1992.74.3c.1193.
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Prison norms for the Raven's Standard Progressive Matrices were developed using 1126 male inmates in a prison in Nevada. 556 of the men were white, 480 black, 55 Mexican, 19 Cuban, 9 Asian, and 7 Native-American. Norms were provided for three age categories—under 35 years, ages 36 to 54, and all ages combined. Normative information was presented for white inmates, black inmates, and all ethnicities combined. There was substantial overlap in distribution of scores by black and white inmates.
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LEE, C. S., J. C. CHANG i A. T. A. CHENG. "Acculturation and suicide: a case–control psychological autopsy study". Psychological Medicine 32, nr 1 (styczeń 2002): 133–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291701004895.
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Background. The relationships between acculturation and suicide were investigated in East Taiwan.Methods. Psychological autopsy interviews were conducted for consecutive suicides from two native Taiwanese groups (Atayal and Ami) (N = 30 for each group); each of them was matched with two controls for age, sex and area of residence. The Taiwan Aboriginal Acculturation Scale was used to measure the extent of acculturation.Results. A lower degree of social assimilation was significantly associated with a higher risk of suicide in the Atayal and the male groups. In multivariable regression analysis, a significant effect of low social assimilation on the risk of suicide was found in Atayal and in men, even after controlling for the effects of ICD-10 depressive episode and emotionally unstable personality disorder. Meanwhile, there was a significant trend across low, moderate and high social assimilation on suicide risk in Atayal and in men.Conclusions. For the native Taiwanese, the stress from rapid acculturation into the main Chinese society is crucial to their mental health. It might be reduced through targeted social and educational programmes.
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Zhang, Jing, i Shuli Tao. "Vocal Characteristics Influence Women's Perceptions of Infidelity and Relationship Investment in China". Evolutionary Psychology 20, nr 3 (lipiec 2022): 147470492211088. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/14747049221108883.
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Vocal characteristics are important cues to form social impressions. Previous studies indicated that men with masculine voices are perceived as engaging in higher rates of infidelity and being less committed to their relationship. In the current study, we examined how women in China perceive information regarding infidelity and relationship investment conveyed by the voices (voice pitch and vocal tract length) of males, and whether different vocal characteristics play a similar role in driving these impressions. In addition, we examined whether these perceptions are consistent in Chinese and English language contexts. The results indicated that women perceived men with more masculine voices (lower voice pitch and longer vocal tract length) as showing a lower likelihood of infidelity and higher relationship investment; further, women who preferred more masculine voices in long-term relationships, but not in short-term relationships, were more likely to perceive men with masculine voices as less likely to engage in infidelity and more likely to invest in their relationship. Moreover, the participants formed very similar impressions irrespective of whether the voices spoke native (Chinese) or foreign (English) languages. These results provide new evidence for the role of the voice in women's choices in selecting long-term partners.
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Swartz, Bradford L. "Gender Difference in Voice Onset Time". Perceptual and Motor Skills 75, nr 3 (grudzień 1992): 983–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.1992.75.3.983.
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Voice onset time is known to be affected by phonetic context, age, native language of the speaker, or presence of a communication disorder in the speaker. The role of gender in VOT production has not been investigated. The present study reports a significant gender difference in VOT production of the /d/ and /t/ stops, with men having shorter VOTs than women ( n subjects = 16). Qualitative differences in VOT based on gender are also noted. Although a significant difference in speaking rate between the genders was found, this was not correlated with VOT. Gender differences in VOT have implications for other research.
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SMITH, JOHN DAVID. "“Stern Champion of the Human Race, of Man as Human”: Alexander F. Chamberlain and Reform in the Age of Imperialism and Jim Crow". Journal of American Studies 51, nr 3 (14.11.2016): 833–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021875816001274.
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This essay examines the broad and understudied contributions of pioneer American anthropologist Alexander Francis Chamberlain (1865–1914), who earned America's first PhD in anthropology at Clark University under the legendary anthropologist Franz Boas. Before his untimely death on the eve of World War I, and Boas's rise as a leading scientific spokesman of antiracism at Columbia University, Chamberlain contributed as significantly as Boas to the fields of linguistic and cultural anthropology, cross-cultural psychology, child development, comparative folklore, and Native American and African American culture, and to the cause of equality and justice for all humans. Chamberlain subscribed to an antiracist cultural evolutionism, frequently and passionately condemning ethnocentrism and insisting on the “generic humanity” of all persons, of all races. Close reading of Chamberlain's work suggests not that Boas's work mattered less, but rather that both men participated in an emerging debate on the nature and meaning of race that informed social policy and shaped academic interests during the Progressive Era.
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Barabadi, Elyas, Mohsen Rahmani Tabar i James R. Booth. "The Effects of Foreign Language and Religiosity on Moral Decisions: Manipulating Norms and Consequences". Journal of Cognition and Culture 23, nr 3-4 (25.08.2023): 310–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685373-12340165.
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Abstract The primary purpose of this study was to examine the association of foreign language use and religiosity to moral decision-making in the context of a realistic set of scenarios about the COVID-19 pandemic. We used the CNI model in which four variants of a single dilemma manipulated norms and consequences, which are the defining characteristics of deontology and utilitarianism, respectively. A secondary purpose of the study was to investigate the role of in-group versus out-group membership in shaping moral judgment. 461 participants responded to COVID-19 scenarios either in their native language (Persian) or foreign language (English). Contrary to findings of prior research on moral judgment, the results of the current study indicated that those using their native language showed more sensitivity to consequences compared to those using a foreign language and that less religious individuals were more likely to endorse norms compared to more religious participants. These unexpected findings may be attributed either to the use of more realistic scenarios or to some problems associated with the use of the CNI model. Further, participants’ responses did not significantly differ as a result of group membership, but in line with prior research, exploratory analyses revealed that men showed greater sensitivity to consequences.
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HEISIG, JAN PAUL, BRAM LANCEE i JONAS RADL. "Ethnic inequality in retirement income: a comparative analysis of immigrant–native gaps in Western Europe". Ageing and Society 38, nr 10 (4.05.2017): 1963–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0144686x17000332.
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ABSTRACTPrevious research unequivocally shows that immigrants are less successful in the labour market than the native-born population. However, little is known about whether ethnic inequality persists after retirement. We use data on 16 Western European countries from the European Union Statistics on Income and Living Conditions (EU-SILC, 2004–2013) to provide the first comparative study of ethnic inequalities among the population aged 65 and older. We focus on the retirement income gap (RIG) between immigrants from non-European Union countries and relate its magnitude to country differences in welfare state arrangements. Ethnic inequality after retirement is substantial: after adjusting for key characteristics including age, education and occupational status, the average immigrant penalty across the 16 countries is 28 per cent for men and 29 per cent for women. Country-level regressions show that income gaps are smaller in countries where the pension system is more redistributive. We also find that easy access to long-term residence is associated with larger RIGs, at least for men. There is no clear evidence that immigrants’ access to social security programmes, welfare state transfers to working-age households or the strictness of employment protection legislation affect the size of the RIG.
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Gutiérrez Romero, Mario Fernando. "Socioscientific Argumentation and Model-Based Reasoning: A Study on Mining Exploitation in Colombia". Universitas Psychologica 17, nr 5 (5.12.2018): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.11144/javeriana.upsy17-5.samb.
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The primary objective of this article is to identify the mental models that represent a social-scientific problematic specific to high-school Colombian students. This is followed by the analysis of the argumentative schemes that these students may use to justify such models. By using a combined design, fifty two participants (52 people, 31 women and 21 men between the ages of 15 and 23; with education levels between high school and undergraduate degree) analyzed the possibility of implementing a mining exploitation project in a specific region of Colombia that is currently under the administrative control of one of Colombia’s native communities. The qualitative analysis showed the presence of 11 models for thinking about the given social-scientific problematic and a limited range of argumentation schemes (11); the quantitative analysis through ANOVAs (variance analysis) showed significant differences regarding the number of arguments per grade and the mental model. The results are discussed emphasizing the advantage that proceeds from exploring the students’ argumentative speech from a developmental-cognitive perspective with significant implications in the educational field.
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Edelstein, Arnon. "Intimate Partner Jealousy and Femicide Among Former Ethiopians in Israel". International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology 62, nr 2 (20.06.2016): 383–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0306624x16652453.
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Ethiopian immigrant women in Israel are overrepresented as victims of femicide; they are killed at more than 16 times the rate of the general population. This article suggests integrating current theoretical and empirical models to explain Ethiopian femicide, and stresses that considering psychological or sociocultural explanations as risk factors alone is not enough to understand this phenomenon. We distinguish between risk factors and triggers for femicide against Ethiopian women. While sociocultural and even psychological changes are risk factors for femicide, one, two, or three main triggers may activate such potential risk factors, such as the woman’s willingness (WW) to leave the intimate relationship, sexual jealousy (SJ), and formal complaints against the abusive partner. The first two triggers are jealousy oriented. To analyze this phenomenon in Israel, we examined all court decisions on intimate partner homicide (IPH) from 1990 to 2010. After reading former studies on IPH and identifying important variables that could explain the phenomenon, we first catalogued the data in every decision and verdict according to main independent variables mentioned in the literature. The study population consists of first-generation immigrants, N = 194: native Israelis (47%), new immigrants from the former Soviet Union (FSU; 31%), and Ethiopians (16%). Our analysis of court decisions reveals that triggers containing jealousy components are responsible for 83% of femicide cases committed by Ethiopian men, in comparison with native Israelis (77%) and immigrant Russian men (66%) who murdered their intimate partners. In addition, there is a significant correlation among motive (jealousy), method of killing (stabbing), and “overkilling” (excessive force).
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ALMEIDA, OSVALDO P., PAUL NORMAN, GRAEME J. HANKEY, KONRAD JAMROZIK i LEON FLICKER. "The association between C-reactive protein concentration and depression in later life is due to poor physical health: results from the Health in Men Study (HIMS)". Psychological Medicine 37, nr 12 (17.05.2007): 1775–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291707000827.
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ABSTRACTBackgroundC-reactive protein (CRP) is a non-specific marker of inflammation that has been associated with depression and vascular disease, particularly in men. This study aimed to investigate the association between high CRP concentration and depression while taking physical health into account.MethodA cross-sectional study of a community-dwelling sample of 5438 men aged 70+. Participants with scores ⩾7 on the 15-item Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS-15) were considered to display clinically significant depressive symptoms. We measured the serum concentration of CRP with a high-sensitivity assay. The assessment of physical co-morbidity included three components: the Charlson weighted index, self-report of major health events on a standardized questionnaire, and the physical component of the 36-item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36). Other measured factors included age, native language, education, a standardized socio-economic index, smoking, prior or current history of depression treatment, cognitive impairment (Mini-Mental State Examination score <24) and body mass index (BMI).ResultsParticipants with depression (n=340) were older than their controls without depression (age in years: 76·6±4·4v. 75·4±4·1). Men with CRP concentration >3 mg/l had an increased odds ratio (OR) [1·59, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1·20–2·11] of being depressed compared to men with CRP ⩽3 mg/l. This association became non-significant once we adjusted the analysis for the measures of physical co-morbidity and other confounding factors (OR 1·22, 95% CI 0·86–1·73).ConclusionsThe physiological mechanisms that lead to the onset and maintenance of depressive symptoms in older men remain to be determined, but CRP concentration is unlikely to play a significant role in that process.
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Chen, Chien-Hsiung, i Yu-Hung Chien. "Effect of Dynamic Display and Speed of Display Movement on Reading Chinese Text Presented on a Small Screen". Perceptual and Motor Skills 100, nr 3 (czerwiec 2005): 865–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.100.3.865-873.
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Automatic dynamic displays, e.g., scrolling displays, are frequently used to present text information on small screens. This study examined the effects of three dynamic displays [leading, scrolling, and rapid serial visual presentation (RSVP)] and three presentations speeds [171, 250, and 305 wpm (words per minute)] on subjects' reading comprehension for different types of small screens for laptops, personal digital assistants (PDAs), and mobile phones. 12 college students who were native speakers of Chinese (4 men and 8 women between the ages of 19 and 36 years) participated. Scores for reading comprehension indicated (1) for laptops, both leading displays and RSVP, at speeds of about 250 wpm, comprehension was highest; (2) for PDAs and mobile phones, scrolling displays and RSVP, speeds of about 305 wpm were more suitable for presenting information in Chinese text; (3) consequently, RSVP appeared to be the most viable dynamic display on small screens and led to the highest reading comprehension for these Chinese readers.
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Shiang, Julia. "Does Culture Make a Difference? Racial/Ethnic Patterns of Completed Suicide in San Francisco, CA 1987–1996 and Clinical Applications". Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior 28, nr 4 (grudzień 1998): 338–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1943-278x.1998.tb00970.x.
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Completed suicides in San Francisco were examined in the racial groups of African Americans, Asians, Caucasians, Hispanics, and Native Americans for a 10‐year period (1987–1996). Comparisons of rates across race and gender showed that both Caucasian men and women had the highest rates. Significant differences were found when racial groups were compared across age groups, gender, and method, but no significant difference was found in the use of firearms as a method of suicide. Differences and similarities are illustrated by comparing Caucasian and Asian patterns of suicide in the areas of (1) suicide in Asian homelands, (2) cultural context, and (3) cultural beliefs regarding psychopathology. A framework relating cultural variables to predisposing client variables is suggested for clinicians and researchers.
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Liu, Xiaodan, Huiwen Xia, Tao Ma i Qi Dang. "THE CONSTRUCTION OF SELF-IMAGE OF THE SUBJECT OF POST-NATIVE CULTURE FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF EMOTIONAL BEHAVIOR CHANGE". International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology 25, Supplement_1 (1.07.2022): A67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ijnp/pyac032.092.
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Abstract Background “Houtu” is the most unique cultural symbol and emotional link in the inheritance of agricultural cultural beliefs in ancient China, and it is also one of the important components of contemporary folk culture. Belief has been a unique psychological phenomenon of human beings since ancient times. It reflects human belief and compliance with the world outlook, outlook on life and values through psychological activities. “Houtu belief” originated from people's worship of land and first appeared in ancient agricultural society. Shanxi fenyin is the birthplace of “Houtu belief”, which is regarded as “the oldest ancestor and the most outstanding God in China”. Its temple is also a place for emperors of each dynasty to make pilgrimages and worship gods. It is also regarded as the crown of Houtu temple in China and the source of Houtu Royal worship. At the same time, with the rise of the study of regional emotional change, this study also helps to better understand the later beliefs. Subjects and Methods Starting with the investigation of Houtu temple in fenyin County, Shanxi Province, this paper puts forward some problems, such as divine gender, image transformation and so on. From the pre Qin Dynasty to the early Western Han Dynasty, the Houtu God was the God of men, but now the Nuwa statue in Wanrong Houtu temple is the God of women. What's the reason? In view of this, this paper examines the evolution process and function of backland image from the perspective of belief psychology, and probes into its contemporary artistic value. In addition, this paper also uses Likert scoring method to evaluate the scale. Pearson correlation, standard deviation and statistical significance are combined to illustrate the correlation. The t-test of independent samples was used to verify the differences between male and female believers. According to the statistical value of emotion, participants were divided into three groups: low, medium and high groups. The questionnaire includes two kinds of anxiety, namely debilitating emotion and promoting emotion. Through t-test, univariate and multivariate analysis of variance and regression analysis, we investigated the relationship between time span, psychological activities and social status of believers of different beliefs and genders. Results According to the conclusion of this paper, the evolution of Houtu culture is an interactive process between objective social environment and subjective belief psychology. The image of Houtu culture and its belief activities have experienced a relatively unique cultural evolution process. The study studied male god believers and goddess believers, and found that compared with male god believers, goddess believers have much higher social status and audience. However, there was no significant difference in emotional level between male and female gods. With the development of society, it is gradually socialized and official. The image of backland has been recognized, re understood and recognized in the historical changes in order to adapt to and deal with social and cultural beliefs and historical context. It creatively reforms and integrates the national historical and cultural traditions and the social practical experience of various times, and constructs a new cultural form that respects the tradition and reflects the social practical experience. Conclusions Nowadays, in the multicultural context, “Houtu belief”, as a new national custom and cultural event, not only ensures the cultural legitimacy of Houtu culture in the local society, but also continues the inseparable relationship and memory between them and their ancestral civilization. It provides a new theoretical perspective and practical basis for the later research in the multicultural context. It can also promote the use of psychology to broaden the direction of studying national customs and culture. Acknowledgement Supported by the following projects, 2019 Jinzhong University “1331 Project” innovation team “Shanxi Cultural Heritage Inheritance and Provincial Cultural Tourism Strengthen Provincial Strategy Research” (JzxycxTD2019002). 2020 Shanxi Philosophy and Social Science Research Project: Research on animal Images of Chinese Buddhist Art (2020W184). University-level teaching reform project of Jinzhong University: Research on teaching reform of “Intangible Cultural Heritage” into “Colleges and University Zhejiang Provincial Heritage Conservation Technology Project (2020016).
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Blowers, Geoffrey. "Bingham Dai, Adolf Storfer, and the Tentative Beginnings of Psychoanalytic Culture in China: 1935-1941". Psychoanalysis and History 6, nr 1 (styczeń 2004): 93–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/pah.2004.6.1.93.
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This paper looks at the work of two figures who, while marginal to theoretical developments within the history of psychoanalysis, each briefly played an important role in the dissemination of analytical ideas in China, contributing to an early psychoanalytic culture there. Bingham Dai, a native of China, while studying for a PhD in sociology at Chicago, received instruction from Harry Stack Sullivan and a psychoanalytic training under Karen Horney's supervision. However, the neo-Freudian outlook with which this experience imbued him had its roots in an earlier encounter with his experiments in personality education first conducted on students in a Tientsin high school, and later in Shantung under the direction of the conservative Confucian scholar and reformer, Liang Shu Ming. These experiences convinced him that a less orthodox psychoanalytic perspective was what Chinese patients with psychological problems required. He returned in 1935 to teach medical psychology to doctors at Peking Union Medical College, taking a few into analysis and treating some patients. However, the Sino-Japanese war brought these activities to a close and he left in 1939, just a few months after the former Freud publisher and Viennese émigré, Adolf Storfer, arrived. Storfer set about publishing Gelbe Post, a German language periodical replete with articles on psychoanalysis, linguistics and Chinese culture. But limited finances, severe competition from a rival publisher, plus his own ill health, forced him to abandon this in spite of the support offered him through the many contributors in the international psychoanalytic community whose articles he published. The paper concludes by considering the relative historiographic fate of the men upon whom subsequent scholarship has been very unevenly focused.
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Kolomiiets, Lesia, i Halyna Shulha. "Стратегії емоційної регуляції в підтримці екологічно орієнтованої діяльності людини". Personality and environmental issues 1 (13.01.2022): 11–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.31652/2786-6033-2022-1(1)-11-16.
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The article presents the results of an experimental study of the strategies of adolescents’ emotional regulation, analysis of the impact of ways of overcoming, coping with stressful situations on the constructiveness (environmental friendliness) of emotional personality regulation in environmentally oriented life. The study used theoretical, empirical and data processing methods (Pearson's correlation coefficient). Based on the analysis of the psychological literature of native and foreign researchers, the essence of the concept of "emotional regulation", "environmental strategies for managing emotions" within environmental psychology is clarified. The study of strategies for regulating students’ emotions, in order to determine the frequency of use of constructive (environmental) strategies for emotional regulation to maintain environmentally oriented life. Features of strategies of students’ emotional regulation through the level of formation of cognitive components of emotional regulation, features of control over emotions, intensity and frequency of use of certain styles of protection against affective situations are revealed. The psychological features of constructive and destructive strategies of emotion regulation are described, the peculiarities of their connection with behavioral strategies and personal styles of the subject's reaction to an emotional situation are determined. The results of the experimental study allowed us to conclude that young men and women in stressful situations prefer constructive strategies to regulate emotions, which help to find solutions, manage a difficult situation and cope with its consequences. The use of destructive strategies in coping with stressful situations leads to negative experiences, the strength and duration of which depend on the context of the situation. However, destructive experiences prevent young people from maintaining an environmentally oriented life.
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Munavvara, Khidirova R. "IMAGE OF NATURE AND HUMAN PSYCHOLOGY IN TOGAY MURAD’S WORKS". CURRENT RESEARCH JOURNAL OF PHILOLOGICAL SCIENCES 03, nr 02 (1.02.2022): 20–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/philological-crjps-03-02-05.
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This article examines the harmony of the image of nature with the human psyche, the connection of images with mother nature in the work of Togay Murad. A comparative analysis of the successful continuation of the image of man and nature, which has become the sacred principle of artistic creativity, in the stories, narratives and novels of the artist is carried out.
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Tsuboi, Hirohito, Yui Takakura, Hiromasa Tsujiguchi, Sakae Miyagi, Keita Suzuki, Thao Thi Thu Nguyen, Kim Oanh Pham i in. "Validation of the Japanese Version of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale—Revised: A Preliminary Analysis". Behavioral Sciences 11, nr 8 (24.07.2021): 107. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bs11080107.
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To make the Japanese version of the CESD-R—a revised version of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies depression scale (CES-D)—in the assessment of depressive symptoms in a general population. The English version of CESD-R was translated into Japanese, and back-translated into English by three native speakers of Japanese and English; then, we selected the version most completely consistent with the original items. The CESD-R was applied to 398 community-dwelling people (191 men: 48.0%, and 207 women: 52.0%) who were over 40 years old. The Japanese version of the CES-D was also carried out in the same population. Factor analysis was performed. Additionally, the correlations between the CESD-R and CES-D results were identified. The CESD-R scores showed a significantly positive correlation with CES-D scores (r = 0.74, p < 0.0005). Analysis of the CESD-R yielded a Cronbach’s alpha result of 0.90. Factor analysis revealed one principal factor in the CESD-R, whereas the original CES-D had two factors because of reversed items. The Japanese version of the CESD-R appears to have the reliability to be applicable for assessing depressive symptoms in population-based samples. However, because the Japanese expressions for some items might be unusual, our study population was also limited; further studies on other populations and on incorporating improved Japanese terminology will be needed.
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Lui, Kitty K., Alyx L. Shepherd, Xin Wang, Rachel A. Bernier, Tasnuva Chowdhury, Naa-Oye Bosompra, Pamela DeYoung, Atul Malhotra, Erin E. Sundermann i Sarah J. Banks. "55 Sleep Quality, Tau Burden, and Memory in Older Women with Higher Alzheimer’s Disease Risk". Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society 29, s1 (listopad 2023): 926–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1355617723011372.
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Objective:Compared to older men, Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) is more common in older women, who present with higher levels of pathological tau and accelerated memory decline, although it is unclear why. Furthermore, sleep complaints increase with age, with older women reporting worse sleep quality than older men, and past studies have linked sleep disturbances to tau. Because of the life-long “verbal memory advantage” in women over men, nonverbal memory may more accurately reflect tau burden in women since sex differences are not as apparent. Here, in a sample of older women in the Women Inflammation Tau Study (WITS), we examined the associations between subjective sleep quality, tau in temporal regions, and memory, and whether tau would be more strongly related to nonverbal memory than verbal memory.Participants and Methods:In WITS, women have elevated AD polygenic hazard scores and have mild cognitive impairment as indicated by the telephone Montreal Cognitive Assessment (range:13-20). This preliminary sample of 20 women (aged 72.0±3.7) completed the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) to assess sleep quality in 7 domains of sleep health over the past month. A global score (range:0-21) is calculated, with a score >5 indicative of being a poor sleeper. Participants also underwent positron emission tomography (PET) with the 18F-MK6240 tracer and T1-weighted magnetic resonance imagining (MRI) to determine tau deposition. Standardized uptake value ratio (SUVR) was calculated using the inferior cerebellum grey matter as the reference region, which was created from Automated Anatomic Labeling atlas in native T1 space. The region of interest (ROI) was a composite meta-temporal region. The Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT) and Logical Memory (LM) Story A and B were administered to assess verbal memory. The Brief Visuospatial Memory Test-Revised (BVMT-R) was administered to assess nonverbal memory. Analysis focused on the delayed recall scores from the memory tests. Partial correlation was used to analyze the associations between PSQI global score, tau-PET SUVR in meta-temporal ROI, and memory delayed recall scores, while adjusting for age and education years.Results:8 women were poor sleepers indicated by the PSQI global score (mean:4.9±2). Worse subjective sleep quality was associated with greater tau in meta-temporal ROI (r=0.63, p=0.005) and lower BVMT-R delayed recall (r=-0.46, p=0.05). Sleep quality was not significantly related to either RAVLT or LM delayed recall (all p’s>0.40). Tau in meta-temporal ROI was not significantly associated with nonverbal (p=0.23) or verbal memory (all p’s>0.40) delayed recall.Conclusions:In this preliminary analysis, subjective sleep quality was linked to temporal tau deposition and nonverbal memory delayed recall, which may suggest that poor sleep exacerbates pathogenesis of tau that leads to memory difficulties in older women at increased risk for AD. Although tau was not significantly related to any memory measures, we will explore whether tau will mediate or moderate the relationship between sleep quality and nonverbal memory once we are powered to do so. Continual evaluation and treatment of sleep may be imperative in mitigating AD risk, especially for older women, however, future longitudinal studies will be necessary to investigate this.
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Wójcik-Topór, Paulina. "Styl potoczny jako wariant w przyswajaniu języka rodzimego". Annales Universitatis Paedagogicae Cracoviensis. Studia Logopaedica 6 (2016): 34–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.24917/20837283.6.3.
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The language is a creature which is constantly evolving – just like a child as a result of the gained language experience developes its knowledge and perception of reality. Hence there is a need to look at the acquisition of language in the category of colloquialism. A philosophical reflection on conceptual analysis says that ‘all cultures have as one of their most powerful constitutive instruments a folk psychology, which we learn early’ (Bruner 1990: 35). Bruner’s thesis accurately shows the communicational status of the names of feelings and emotions that are expressed in language. J. Bruner suggests that in addition to all culturally and ontogeneticaly determined colloquial cognitive systems exists an universal and inborn colloquial psychology, which is an important starting point and basis for the further man development: ‘We come into the world already equipped with a primitive form of folk psychology’ (Bruner 1990: 73). This article attempts to analyse the subject of colloquialism in the category of native language acquisition.
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Killian, Paul W., Kathryn Rileigh i Elizabeth Denny. "Explanatory Style of Native and Euro-Americans". Psychological Reports 85, nr 3 (grudzień 1999): 777–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1999.85.3.777.
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The explanatory styles of 46 Native and 48 Euro-American college students were compared on three scales, one measuring optimism for explaining bad events, one optimism for explaining good events, and total score combining the two. No significant differences were found, but the slight mean difference in scores on optimism for explaining good events suggested that Euro-Americans may be more optimistic in explaining positive events than are Native Americans.
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Setyowati, Yulis, Ari Astutik i Shanty Duwila AYPS Duwila. "Navigating the Effectiveness of Authentic Reading Materials Toward ESP University Students’ Reading Proficiency". Indo-MathEdu Intellectuals Journal 4, nr 3 (7.12.2023): 2180–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.54373/imeij.v4i3.434.
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The field of ESP teaching has undergone a revolutionary transformation with the integration of ICT tools and other authentic materials. These resources have proven to be invaluable to learners as they enable real-life interactions with native speakers. Various studies have explored the challenges faced by teachers and learners in ESP teaching situations. Therefore, this paper aims to describe the effectiveness of reading authentic materials toward the reading proficiency of psychology department students. The study was conducted at the Psychology Department of Universitas Wijaya Putra. The students participated in 14 meetings, during which the experimental group was exposed to authentic reading materials and the control cluster received streamlined materials, a pre-test and post-test of the reading comprehension test were given to the students. The marks obtained were analyzed using SPPS and the students were given a set of tasks that included 50 multiple-choice questions and 10 essay questions. The research results revealed that the mean deviation score for the experimental group was 80, while it was 65 for the control group. Consequently. This provides evidence supporting the acceptance of the hypothesis, indicating an improvement in student performance after receiving the treatment. Specifically, the results revealed that exposure to authentic materials improved the reading proficiency of psychology department students
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Divjak, Dagmar, Ewa Dąbrowska i Antti Arppe. "Machine Meets Man: Evaluating the Psychological Reality of Corpus-based Probabilistic Models". Cognitive Linguistics 27, nr 1 (1.02.2016): 1–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/cog-2015-0101.
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AbstractLinguistic convention typically allows speakers several options. Evidence is accumulating that the various options are preferred in different contexts, yet the criteria governing the selection of the appropriate form are often far from obvious. Most researchers who attempt to discover the factors determining a preference rely on the linguistic analysis and statistical modeling of data extracted from large corpora. In this paper, we address the question of how to evaluate such models and explicitly compare the performance of a statistical model derived from a corpus with that of native speakers in selecting one of six Russian TRY verbs. Building on earlier work we trained a polytomous logistic regression model to predict verb choice given the sentential context. We compare the predictions the model makes for 60 unseen sentences to the choices adult native speakers make in those same sentences. We then look in more detail at the interplay of the contextual properties and model computationally how individual differences in assessing the importance of contextual properties may impact the linguistic knowledge of native speakers. Finally, we compare the probability the model assigns to encountering each of the six verbs in the 60 test sentences to the acceptability ratings the adult native speakers give to those sentences. We discuss the implications of our findings for both usage-based theory and empirical linguistic methodology.
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Alivernini, Fabio, Sara Manganelli, Elisa Cavicchiolo i Fabio Lucidi. "Measuring Bullying and Victimization Among Immigrant and Native Primary School Students: Evidence From Italy". Journal of Psychoeducational Assessment 37, nr 2 (26.09.2017): 226–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0734282917732890.
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Italy is a particularly interesting context in which to study the phenomenon of bullying given the steadily increasing number of immigrant students attending Italian primary schools. We examined the psychometric properties of a short self-report measure of bullying and victimization across groups of students with various migration backgrounds. We then estimated, by latent mean comparisons, the rates of prevalence of bullying and victimization among different generations of immigrants and native students. Results concerning the factor structure of the measure were consistent with studies in other cultural contexts and complete scalar measurement invariance was found across immigrant backgrounds. The analyses showed that both first- and second-generation immigrant pupils reported being victimized more frequently than their native peers. However, the incidence of victimization for second generations was lower than that for first generations. Finally, no differences across different generations of immigrants and native students were found in reported bullying behaviors.
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Williams, Keith B. "Perceptions of Social Support in Doctoral Programs among Minority Students". Psychological Reports 86, nr 3 (czerwiec 2000): 1003–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.2000.86.3.1003.
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This study examined the perceptions of social support reported by 70 African-American, 44 Hispanic, 20 Native-American, and 69 Asian-American doctoral students ( N = 203) concerning their experiences in graduate school. The Doctoral Student Survey was used to measure the levels and types of social support provided. One-way analysis of variance of mean scores indicated that a majority of doctoral students perceived the academic environment on campus and faculty advisers to be strong sources of social support, while perceiving the social environment on campus as unsupportive of their progress. The African-American and Native-American doctoral students perceived the social environment on campus to be less supportive than did the Hispanic and Asian-American doctoral students, and Native-American doctoral students perceived their departments to be less supportive than did the African-American, Hispanic, and Asian-American doctoral students.
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Penelo, Eva, Fernando Fernández-Aranda, José Manuel Menchón, Roser Granero, Neus Aymamí, Mònica Gómez-Peña, Laura Moragas, Juan José Santamaría, Núria Custal i Susana Jiménez-Murcia. "Comparison between Immigrant and Spanish Native-Born Pathological Gambling Patients". Psychological Reports 110, nr 2 (kwiecień 2012): 555–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/02.18.pr0.110.2.555-570.
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The study compared clinical, psychopathological, and personality profiles between immigrants and Spanish native-born pathological gambling patients. A total of 1,601 native-born and 133 immigrant patients attending treatment at a specialized hospital unit were administered a battery of questionnaires during clinical assessment. Outcome measures were compared between both groups and the incremental predictive accuracy of the area of origin was examined using a regression model. Native-born Spaniards showed a mean 2.6 yr. greater duration of the disorder, while immigrants scored higher on South Oaks Gambling Screen, frequency of going to casinos, and total money spent (in a single day and / or to recover losses). General psychopathology and personality scores did not differ between the cohorts. However, immigration from Asia had a statistically significantly incremental validity for pathological gambling in South Oaks Gambling Screen scores. Both cohorts shared more similarities than differences in their gambling profiles.
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Leleka, Tetiana, i Olena Moskalenko. "The Psycholinguistic Aspects of Global Bilingualism Against the Background of the Society Digitalization Process in Ukraine and Slovak Republic". PSYCHOLINGUISTICS 33, nr 2 (7.04.2023): 90–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.31470/2309-1797-2023-33-2-90-113.
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ABSTRACT
Purpose. The purpose of the experimental study is to identify the tendencies of the global bilingualism development in the Ukrainian and Slovak languages based on the English loanwords functioning in the individual consciousness of their speakers. The novelty of the research is setting up the main features of the global bilinguialism where the young people are the social stratum that represents the basis of the language changes and reacts to the social processes leading to the new perception of the English loanwords that is relevant nowadays. The main hypothesis of the research is the statement about the expansion of the global bilingualism trends connected with the intensive use of the digital technologies. It causes language code switching and the blurring of the languge pictures of the world.
Methods. The main method of the research is psycholinguistic, more precisely, the free associative experiment and its essence to offer the respondent the stimuli, in our case, the English loanwords, with the aim of evoking appropriate associations.
Presedure. The respondents were given a written list of the stimulus words and they had to write down the first word that comes to their mind when responding to the stimuli. For the Ukrainian and Slovak respondents the list consisted of such English loanwords from the area of the social networking: Ukr. контент, Sl. kontent (content); Ukr. скріншот, Sl. skrinshot (screenshot); Ukr. iнтерфейс, Sl. interfeis (interface); Ukr. xештег, Sl. haštag (hashtag); Ukr. чат, Sl. čat (chat); Ukr. клік, Sl. klik (click); Ukr. лайк, Sl. like (like); Ukr. паблік, Sl. public (public).The experiment was conducted two times in 2019 and in 2022 in the Ukrainian and Slovak universities at non-language faculties where the respondents at the age of 17–21 took part: 200 Ukrainian and 200 Slovak students, 100 women and 100 men.
Results. There have been four groups of the associations given by the Ukrainians and Slovaks: the same loanword, the other English loanword, the unassimilated English word, the word of the native language. The number of the associations in different groups is dissimilar. The Slovaks gave more associations in English, the Ukrainians had more associations in Ukrainian. The both groups have the tendency to increase the number of the associations expressed with the English words, which are connected with the process of the global bilingualism development caused by the society digitalization era.
Conclusions. Due to the globalization processes that are taking place all over the world, the perception of the loanwords is changing. The English language is perceived as an integral part of everyday life. According to the results of the experiments conducted in 2019 and 2022 we can observe the emergence of the associations in English, which indicates the development of a special type of bilingualism, namely global, which is connected with the internationalization of the English language in the world, as well as the peculiarities of its perception. The development of the global bilingualism causes the interaction of two language codes in the consciousness of the individual. The English language is penetrating into the speech of the Ukrainian and Slovak people, changing thinking in the globalizing society. Thus, the shift in the self-concept can affect the transformation in the language picture of the world, that confirms the research hypothesis.
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Paredes, Jory, Thea Prince i Eliezer Schwartz. "A-272 Neuropsychological Performance in Cognitively Normal Native and Non-Native English Speakers: A Pilot Study". Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology 37, nr 6 (17.08.2022): 1423. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/arclin/acac060.272.
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Abstract Objective: Compare neuropsychological test performance of native English speakers (NES) and English as a second language speakers (ESLS), and investigate the effect of native language writing systems. Method: Dataset was obtained from the National Alzheimer’s Coordinating Center (NACC). Participants were required to have normal cognition, which was determined by the evaluating clinicians. All neuropsychological tests were administered in English. Participants were age and education-matched. Twenty-five ESLS (Mage= 69.80; MEdu= 15.44) and 25 NES (Mage= 69.84; MEdu= 15.68) met inclusion criteria. Results: Independent samples t-test revealed statistically significant group differences for: Digit Span Forward (DSF) length, Digit Span Backward (DSB), DSB length, Animal Fluency, Trail Making Test-Part A (TMT-A), Trail Making Test-Part B (TMT-B), WAIS-R Digit Symbol (WAIS-R), and Boston Naming Test (BNT). Results showed medium effect sizes that ranged from .62–.78; although, group means were in the average range. The 50 participants were further divided into three groups: native-English speakers only (NES-O), English as a second language speakers with Latin-based language origin (ESLS-LO), and English as a second language speakers with symbolic language origin (ESLS-SO). Post-hoc Hochberg’s GT2 test showed ESLS-LO and NES-O significantly differed on DSB, TMT-B, and WAIS-R. Additionally, ESLS-SO and NES-O significantly differed on the BNT. For these measures, the standardized mean difference was large (d= .80-1.10). Conclusions: These preliminary findings indicate that NES significantly differ in most areas of cognition than ESLS, which suggests that although considered “cognitively normal,” there is greater need for neuropsychological measures that utilize normative samples that better represent all cultures, including ones with different linguistic backgrounds.
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Smith, Philip T. "Critical Notice: Deadly Tenacity and Almost Diabolical Cunning". Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Section A 41, nr 4 (listopad 1989): 877–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14640748908402397.
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This method taxes patience to the utmost, and could hardly have arisen in a country whose natives could be bored…. There is little of the grand style about these new prism, pendulum and chronograph-philosophers. They mean business, not chivalry. What generous divination, and that superiority in virtue which was thought by Cicero to give a man the best insight into nature, have failed to do, their spying and scraping, their deadly tenacity and almost diabolical cunning, will doubtless some day bring about. [James, 1890/1950, pp. 192–193]
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Moldasanov, E. "THE PROBLEM OF "CONCEPT" IN THE WORKS OF TANJARYK GADIOLI, IT IS REFLECTED IN THE WORKS OF THE POET". BULLETIN Series of Philological Sciences 72, nr 2 (30.06.2020): 66–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.51889/2020-2.1728-7804.09.
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In the works of Tanzharyk Zholdyuly the concepts of "woman", "man", "truth", "native land", "country" are found, the world of the poet. There is a subtle psychology, the attitude of the poet to the Motherland, the native land, love, a sense of patriotism. With the help of the study of linguistic personality T. Zholdyuly, we recognize the linguistic personality, isolated by the nature of the national cultural existence, the national spirit of patriotism, the beauty of the environment, the mastery of the fine arts of the national worldview. Having studied the linguistic personality of the poet, it is possible to clearly see the national existence and worldview of the people. Clearly, from the Civil personality of Tanzharyk Zholdyuly there is an aspiration to influence, movement in the Kazakh society. In this direction in his works there are many own word combinations, author's metaphors and comparisons, which represent the national character. The staging of the lexical layer of the poet's works: Kazakh national cultural environment, existence, truth, worldview and worldview. In further study at the cognitive and pragmatic levels, allowing us to fully recognize the language personality, allows us to recognize the language personality as a poet, artist, master of the artistic word.
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Ferrada-Noli, Marcello, i Marie Åsberg. "Psychiatric Health, Ethnicity and Socioeconomic Factors among Suicides in Stockholm". Psychological Reports 81, nr 1 (sierpień 1997): 323–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1997.81.1.323.
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The suicide statistics for two high-income areas and two low-income areas of Stockholm county, with, respectively, low and high proportions of immigrant residents, were compared on health and socioeconomic factors to ascertain whether differences in such indicators might explain the overrepresentation of immigrants previously found by us in cases of definite and undetermined suicide. The findings can be summarised as follows (1) The suicide rate was higher in the low-income areas, irrespective of ethnicity, and highest in the immigrant population of the low-income areas which accounted for 82% of all immigrants in the areas studied. (2) The suicide rate was inversely correlated with the respective figures for mean municipality-income indices. (3) Over the 4-yr. study period, the annual suicide rate increased among immigrants and decreased among native Swedes. (4) Of all categories investigated, immigrants from the low-income areas were characterised by the highest suicide rate (39 per 100,000) and the lowest mean annual income among the suicide victims (77.7), and native Swedes from the high-income areas by the lowest suicide rate (16.2) and the highest mean income (254.1). (5) The low-income areas manifested also lower mean duration of hospitalisation in primary care and psychiatric facilities, although the frequency of psychiatric consultations was higher in low- than in high-income areas. Imerrelations among low income, immigrant status, and poor benefit of psychiatric care suggest that proneness to suicidal behaviour among immigrants may have a social psychiatric explanation.
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Kaufman, Carol E., Traci M. Schwinn, Kirsten Black, Ellen M. Keane, Cecelia K. Big Crow, Carly Shangreau, Nicole R. Tuitt, Ruth Arthur-Asmah i Bradley Morse. "Impacting Precursors to Sexual Behavior Among Young American Indian Adolescents of the Northern Plains: A Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial". Journal of Early Adolescence 38, nr 7 (9.05.2017): 988–1007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0272431617708055.
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We assessed the effectiveness of a culturally grounded, multimedia, sexual risk reduction intervention called Circle of Life (mCOL), designed to increase knowledge and self-efficacy among preteen American Indians and Alaska Natives. Partnering with Native Boys and Girls Clubs in 15 communities across six Northern Plains reservations, we conducted a cluster randomized controlled trial among 10- to 12-year-olds ( n = 167; mean age = 11.2). Club units were randomly assigned to mCOL ( n = 8) or the attention-control program, After-School Science Plus (AS+; n = 7). Compared with the AS+ group, mCOL youth scored significantly higher on HIV/sexually transmitted infection (STI) knowledge questions at both follow-ups; self-efficacy to avoid peer pressure and self-efficacy to avoid sex were significantly higher at posttest; self-perceived volition was significantly higher at 9-month follow-up; and no differences were found for behavioral precursors to sex. mCOL had modest effects on precursors to sexual behavior, which may lead to less risky sexual behavior in later years.
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Dunaeva, Rufina Rishatovna, Alfiya Shavketovna Yusupova, Gulnaz Rinatovna Mugtasimova i Hülya Kasapoğlu Çengel. "Inter-language paroemiological conformity in the Tatar and Turkish languages". Laplage em Revista 6, Extra-B (24.12.2020): 36–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.24115/s2446-622020206extra-b588p.31-35.
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This article describes the Turkish correspondences of the Tatar paroemias in terms of the complete and partial coincidence of the semantics and lexical-grammatical structure of proverbs. The analysis of the Tatar and Turkish paroemiological correspondences makes it possible to expose general and individual features of the languages, the similarity and diversity of culture, psychology, history, and everyday life of their native speakers, thereby contributing to mutual understanding between them. The authors reach a conclusion that the presence in different languages of paroemiological units with a common meaning, with a similar structure and similar components is a rare phenomenon, determined by many factors. It should be noted that the fact of the presence of units with full correspondence in the Tatar and Turkish languages does not mean that they are deprived of their national and cultural originality, but contributes to a more complete understanding of the linguistic sign in its entirety: both as a linguistic and as a carrier of extralinguistic information.