Gotowe bibliografie tematyczne / Nationalism – algeria – 20th century

Gotowa bibliografia na temat „Nationalism – algeria – 20th century”

Autor: Grafiati
Data publikacji: 25 lipca 2024
Data aktualizacji: 31 lipca 2024

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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat "Nationalism – algeria – 20th century"

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Watanabe, Shoko. "THE PARTY OF GOD: THE ASSOCIATION OF ALGERIAN MUSLIM ʿULAMAʾ IN CONTENTION WITH THE NATIONALIST MOVEMENT AFTER WORLD WAR II". International Journal of Middle East Studies 50, nr 2 (maj 2018): 271–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020743818000065.

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AbstractScholarship has long held that Islamic reform was a preparatory stage for nationalism in the Muslim world. In challenge to this view, this article shows how in the context of 20th-century Algeria Islamic reformers and nationalists continued to maintain distinct political ideas, visions, and projects. The article examines the internal framework of the Association of Algerian Muslim ʿUlamaʾ, an Islamic reform movement founded in 1931 when Algeria was under French colonial rule, and its interactions with other local movements, especially the Algerian nationalist movement. Through a comparison of the discourse of the Algerian ʿulamaʾ to that of the nationalists, it argues that while both groups claimed to be successors of Jamal al-Din al-Afghani, their understanding of politics (siyāsa) was different. Whereas the ʿulamaʾ associated politics with their own spiritual leadership, the nationalists associated it with institutions. The study situates these distinct visions within the post–World War II historical context, in which the expanding nationalist movement undermined the ʿulamaʾ’s popular appeal.
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Abdurahman, Dudung, i Kholili Badriza. "Sufism, Orthodoxy, and Nationalism in Modern Islamic Civilization in North Africa from The 19th- 20th Century". Sunan Kalijaga: International Journal of Islamic Civilization 4, nr 2 (30.09.2021): 129. http://dx.doi.org/10.14421/skijic.v4i2.1995.

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The phenomenon of Sufism in the tariqa movements played a significant role in Islamic reform and the growth of nationalism in North Africa from the 19th to 20th centuries. This phenomenon which started as a neo-Sufism for Islamic reform, gradually turned into a nationalist movement. Therefore, Sufism is assumed to be a part of Islam that occupies the basic component of national identity and is a symbol of the struggle for independence of Muslim countries in North Africa. This study aims to discuss "the role and influence of Sufism for the revival of Islam, resistance to Western colonialism, the role of Islamic reform, and the process of nationalism and independence of Muslim countries in North Africa." These problems are analyzed based on historical, social, and political approaches related to issues of modern civilization in the Islamic world. This research concludes that, firstly the Sufism movement in the modern period in North Africa is developed in tariqa schools located in Idrisiyah, Sanusiyah, Khatmiyah, Tijaniyah, Qadiriyah, and Sammaniyah. Furthermore, the Sufism movement always shows the intertwined elements of teachings and rituals as well as the influences of social and political developments. Secondly, the teachings of the tariqa are able to increase religious awareness by fulfilling spirituality and improving people's morality, thereby developing, modifying, and actualizing leadership associated with Sufis. Thirdly, Sufism shows a very significant social force regarding the growth of nationalism in North Africa, which is used as the basis for their participation in the socio-political field, with various forms of protest or resistance. In collaboration with religious and community leaders, the leadership of the Sufis has also succeeded in bringing about the independence of national countries such as Tunisia, Libya, Algeria, Morocco, and Sudan since the mid-20th century. During that time, many Sufists occupied important positions in government.
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McDougall, James. "DREAM OF EXILE, PROMISE OF HOME: LANGUAGE, EDUCATION, AND ARABISM IN ALGERIA". International Journal of Middle East Studies 43, nr 2 (8.04.2011): 251–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020743811000055.

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AbstractIn Algeria as in many other cases, experiences of exile and diaspora played a major role in the creation of nationalist politics in the 20th century; exile has also been a recurring literary figure in expressions of Algerian cultural politics since independence. This article examines a range of literary sources to consider the politics of language and culture in Algeria since the 1940s. It shows how identification with Arabism has enabled Algerians to articulate claims to community, solidarity, and sovereignty, first in a conception of national “salvation” against the colonial state and then as both a state-sponsored project of political legitimacy and an indication of the limits of that project. A sense of these limits can be gained by a brief consideration of the complexity of the country's sociolinguistic landscape and the often unorthodox creativity of its literary self-expression since independence.
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Boniface, Xavier. "Les enjeux de l'aumônerie musulmane dans l'armée française de 1914 à 1962". Revue Historique des Armées 241, nr 4 (2005): 91–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/rharm.2005.5767.

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The Muslim chaplaincy issue in the French Army in 1962 ; Muslim chaplains have been permitted in the French army since the decree of 18 March 2005. Yet their presence was allowed for from the time of the 1914-18 war onwards, when North African troops fought in French uniforms. But, although numerous projects surfaced between 1914 and 1962, Muslim chaplains enjoyed only an ephemeral existence and limited reach, bound as they were by a decree issued in May 1940 and an ordonnance of 1943 that put strict limits on what they could do. Muslim chaplains were justified in terms of the risk of death run by the tirailleurs, who could draw moral strength from their religion. But the shilly-shallying of the political and military authorities over thisissue harked back to the lack of any institutional organisation of Islam within France and to a respect for the Republican secularist principles, the 1905 Church-State Separation Law not applying in France's North African protectorates and only partly in Algeria. Without doubt the presence of religious Imams in the army had political implications. It demonstrated that France would honour Islam in order to underpin the loyalty of Muslim soldiers. When the Algerian War broke out, however, the political argument rebounded on the chaplaincs, however, for their existence risked fanning the flames of Algerian nationalism among tirailleurs. Fhus the question of a Muslim chaplaincy was one reflection of wider French-Muslim relations during the 20th Century.
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Liu, Yinuo. "Nationalism's Impact on 20th Century World Wars: Insights and Implications". Journal of Education, Humanities and Social Sciences 23 (13.12.2023): 617–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/ehss.v23i.13129.

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This essay addresses the research question of the role nationalism played in the two 20th-century world wars, which resulted in the deadliest conflicts in human history. The essay employs scholarly reports and war documentaries to shed light on the influence of nationalism in these wars. The conclusion drawn from this research is that nationalism indeed played a significant role in both world wars, with a more crucial impact on World War I and a vital yet distinct role in making World War II the bloodiest war in history. This research serves as a compelling reminder of the need to grasp the complexities of nationalism, recognize its potential for devastating outcomes, and promote open discourse on this critical topic.
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Ivanov, A. A. "Orthodox Church and Russian Nationalism in the Second Half of the 19th Century and Early 20th Century". Orthodoxia, nr 4 (26.12.2022): 60–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.53822/2712-9276-2021-4-60-83.

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The article is based on the pre-revolutionary journalism. It reveals the attitude of Orthodox church authors of the second half of the 19th century and early 20th century to a number of subjects related to the problems of the Russian nationalism. The traditionally high interest of the Russian society in general and Orthodox Christians in particular in the attitude of the Russian Orthodox Church to nationalism in its various manifestations accounts for the relevance of the publication. Considering the return of the modern church journalism to the same range of problems that concerned representatives of the Orthodox clergy, theologians, missionaries and teachers of theological schools in the pre-revolutionary period, it would seem that an appeal to the historical experience of their understanding is fairly significant and essential. The article examines the ways in which church authors used to understand the nationalism, their ideas about its place in the life of an Orthodox Christian, along with its challenges and threats. It is noted that although the Orthodox Church did not have a single and consistent view of the nationalism, most church authors tried to give this phenomenon a direction that would not contradict the gospel teaching and could become a constructive and creative factor for the Russian life. At the same time, it is noted that, when discussing the nationalism, church authors of the second half of the 19th century and early 20th century often gave this concept a meaning different from that of modern scientists, politicians and journalists. Standing at the Christian viewpoint, church authors rejected the militant, “pagan”, secular kind of the nationalism that involved only the earthly prosperity of the people. They supported another kind of nationalism consisting in the right of peoples to a special spiritual path, cultural and state identity and independence.
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Novianto, Victor, Tiara Yogiarni i Hieronymus Purwanta. "The Javanese Cultural Identity Consciousness and Nationalism in Yogyakarta Early 20th Century". Migration Letters 20, nr 6 (2.09.2023): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.59670/ml.v20i6.3454.

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This study aims to reconstruct the emergence of Javanese nationalism that developed in the early 20th century. The problems raised are: (1) Why did Javanese nationalism appear in Yogyakarta? and (2) How did Javanese nationalism in the thoughts and movements of the Yogyakarta aristocrats? The method used is the historical method. The analysis uses the nationalism approach developed by Ernest Renan, which states that the capital for establishing a nation-state is historical and cultural similarities. The research results show that the Yogyakarta Theosophy branch brought cultural consciousness to the rich Javanese past. The consciousness developed Javanese nationalism in three forms: political movements, pedagogy, and andragogy. In the political movement, there was an attempt to form a Javanese nation-state under the leadership of Suryokusumo. Ki Hadjar Dewantara founded the Tamansiswa College, which developed students' personalities according to their talents and culture origin. On the other hand, Suryomentaram propagated the Javanese andragogy.
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Ritesh Ranjan, Ritesh Ranjan. "Folk Art and Nationalism in the 20th Century India". International Journal of Mechanical and Production Engineering Research and Development 10, nr 3 (2020): 2743–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.24247/ijmperdjun2020258.

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Lecossois, Hélène. "Renegotiating and Resisting Nationalism in 20th-century Irish Drama". Études irlandaises, nr 35-2 (30.12.2010): 186–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/etudesirlandaises.2068.

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WOODHAM, J. M. "Design in the 20th Century: Form Follows Function? * Design in the 20th Century: Nationalism and Internationalism". Journal of Design History 7, nr 4 (1.01.1994): 306–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jdh/7.4.306.

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Rozprawy doktorskie na temat "Nationalism – algeria – 20th century"

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Kelley, Caroline Elizabeth. "(Dé) doublement Algérienne : the discursive life-writing of the Algerian moudjahidate in the context of the Algerian revolution (1954-1962)". Thesis, University of Oxford, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.670128.

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Jacobs, Stephen. "Hindu identity, nationalism and globalization". Thesis, University of Wales Trinity Saint David, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.683176.

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Grimley, Daniel MacGregor. "Nielsen, nationalism and Danish musical style". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.343036.

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Albers, Andrew D. "Ethno-nationalism and the Spanish state : a comparison of three regions in Spain /". Thesis, This resource online, 1992. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-12042009-020026/.

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Kennedy, James 1968. "Empire, federalism and civil society : liberal nationalists in Scotland and Québec". Thesis, McGill University, 2000. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=36967.

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This thesis seeks to relate the forms of liberal nationalism, which emerged in Scotland and Quebec between 1899 and 1914, to the character of the institutions which governed. The substantive focus is on two liberal nationalist groupings: the Young Scots' Society and the more loosely grouped Ligue nationaliste canadienne. Their emergence is examined at three levels: imperial, federal and local civil society.
The British Empire exerted an overarching influence on both Scotland and Quebec. Yet each enjoyed a very different relationship to the empire. Liberal nationalists responded differently to the same policies---the South African War, Tariff Reform and the Naval Question. The Young Scots invoked Liberal principles: freedom of speech, free trade and disarmament. The Nationalistes' response was nationalist: these were encroachments on Canadian sovereignty. Yet both groupings shared a liberal conception of empire, characterised by autonomy and decentralisation.
Scotland and Quebec enjoyed a 'federal' relationship to their states (Britain/Canada). Deficiencies in these systems prompted different responses. The Young Scots campaigned in support of a Scottish Home Rule Parliament. The Nationalistes favoured a Canadian federation which was avowedly consociational, one which recognised Canadian duality. These were liberal measures of accommodating difference.
Finally, Scotland and Quebec possessed distinctive civil societies. Yet they differed in the degree to which they were governed by liberal norms. In Scotland a liberal ethos was sustained by both the dominant Liberalism and Presbyterianism. However in Quebec the dominant Catholic church sought to preserve its hegemony over francophone society against Liberal challenges. Liberal nationalists not only reflected the distinct national character of their civil societies but also the degree to which those societies were governed by liberal norms.
It was these configurations of institutions and norms which ensured that the nationalisms which emerged in Scotland and Quebec were liberal in character. Yet there were important differences: greater emphasis was placed on Liberalism in Scotland ("Liberal nationalists") while the emphasis was on Nationalism in Quebec ("liberal Nationalists"). The character of empire, federalism and civil society in Scotland and Quebec shaped the nationalisms that emerged between the Boer War and the First World War.
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Lin, Syaru Shirley, i 林夏如. "National identity, economic interest and Taiwan's cross-strait economic policy 1994-2009". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2010. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B43761896.

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Porter, Catherine Lee. "Nationalism, authority and political identity in the secession of Katanga, 1908-1963". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2015. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.709432.

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Hellman, Michel. "Art, identité et Expo 67 : l'expression du nationalisme dans les oeuvres des artistes québécois du Pavillon de la Jeunesse à l'Exposition universelle de Montréal". Thesis, McGill University, 2005. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=98928.

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This thesis will examine the relationship between art, nationalism and identity as it appears in the context of the 1967 Montreal Universal Exposition. "Expo 67" saw a confrontation between Canadian and Quebecois expressions of nationalism, and we will concentrate on this aspect as it appears through the artistic representations in the different national pavilions.
We will also look into the artworks presented by young Quebecois artists in the more marginal "Youth Pavilion" situated on Ile Sainte-Helene, and will explain how this new generation of artists was able to take advantage of the particular context of the Universal Exhibition in order to implement its own concept of national identity, an identity closely related to popular culture, and thus very different from the image projected by the Quebecois elite of the time.
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Artaud, de La Ferrière Alexis Marie. "Schooling, colonialism and resistance : the politics of educational development during the Algerian war of independence". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2015. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.709159.

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Bennett, Andrew Peter Wallace. "20th century Bannockburn : Scottish nationalism and the challenge posed to British identity, 1970-1980". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ29481.pdf.

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Książki na temat "Nationalism – algeria – 20th century"

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1953-, Dieckmann Bernhard, Wulf Christoph 1944- i Wimmer Michael, red. Violence--racism, nationalism, xenophobia. Münster: Waxmann, 1997.

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Fanon, Frantz. The Wretched of the Earth. New York: Grove Press, 2004.

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Fanon, Frantz. Yeryüzünün lanetlileri. İstanbul: Versus Kitap, 2007.

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Fanon, Frantz. The wretched of the earth. New York: Grove Press, 2000.

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Fanon, Frantz. Les damnés de la terre. Paris: Gallimard, 1991.

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Fanon, Frantz. Les damnés de la terre. Paris: La Decouverte & Syros, 2002.

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Fanon, Frantz. The wretched of the earth. New York: Grove Weidenfeld, 1991.

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Fanon, Frantz. Les damnés de la terre. Paris: Editions La découverte, 1985.

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McCallum, John. Belonging: Australian playwriting in the 20th century. Sydney: Currency Press, 2009.

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McCallum, John. Belonging: Australian playwriting in the 20th century. Sydney: Currency Press, 2009.

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Części książek na temat "Nationalism – algeria – 20th century"

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Levi, Donata. "1. Nationalism Versus “Values which Survive all Temporal Conflicts”. Art Historians in Times of War". W Transfer of Cultural Objects in the Alpe Adria Region in the 20th Century, 23–44. Köln: Böhlau Verlag, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.7788/9783412518899.23.

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Langewiesche, Dieter. "West European nationalism in the 19th and early 20th century". W Nationalism in Late and Post-Communist Europe, 81–95. Nomos, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/9783845211817-81.

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Tamir, Yael. "Never Say Never". W Why Nationalism, 13–21. Princeton University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691210780.003.0002.

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This chapter reviews the liberating perception of nationalism following the world wars. It argues that nationalism was on the winning side by the end of World War I, noting support for national self-determination made national policies the guiding principle of the new world order. In the West, nationalism came to be seen as a vile force that sets free the evil that lies within us. Nazism showed that even the most cultured of all nations, wears its humanistic values lightly only to cover a deep-rooted dark spirit. The chapter also investigates the new front opened less than ten years after the end of the war. The enemies of the West were now living in Moscow, threatening to bring liberal democracies to an end. It recounts the assassination of Martin Luther King, the students' marches in Europe, the anti-Vietnam War demonstrations that started in the United States, and the civil rights and human rights movements that emerged in the early 20th century. The chapter presents Xi Jinping's globalism as a nationalist one and the major cracks in the success story of neoliberalism.
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Losada, Leandro. "The First Phase: Machiavelli’s Reception Between 1880 and 1914". W Machiavelli in the Spanish-Speaking Atlantic World, 1880-1940, 13–50. Edinburgh University Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781399515351.003.0002.

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The chapter argues that throughout the nineteenth century there was a change in the interpretation of Machiavelli. From being understood as the "author of tyranny", Machiavelli came to be understood as the intellectual father of a certain type of nationalism: a militaristic nationalism, linked to a type of state (the force-state). This way of understanding Machiavelli led to his being understood as a fundamental author for understanding the imperialism of the late 19th and early 20th centuries.
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Anderson, Edward T. G. "From Milton Keynes to Ayodhya". W Hindu Nationalism in the Indian Diaspora, 163–208. Oxford University Press, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197746202.003.0005.

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Abstract This chapter illustrates that another key political episode in India’s recent history had global dimensions and repercussions. The Ramjanmabhoomi (Ram birthplace) movement was a major Hindu nationalist campaign to build a temple on the site of a 16th century mosque in the north Indian city of Ayodhya. This culminated, in 1992, with the destruction of the Babri Masjid and some of India’s worst communal violence since Partition. The chapter illustrates how this superficially domestic issue was a key moment for the engagement of the diaspora. This coincided with India’s late-20th century “saffron wave,” which ultimately led to the election of the first BJP government. The chapter focuses partly on a watershed moment for Hindu nationalism in Britain, the 1989 Virat Hindu Sammelan--a festival attended by c. 100,000 Hindus in Milton Keynes--the product of the long diasporic development of Hindu nationalism. It engaged a wide range of global Hindutva leaders and gurus, and developed the organizational skills of dedicated local organizers. They would continue to be key figures in UK Hindu nationalism in subsequent years. The chapter also explores the global significance of the Vishwa Hindu Parishad, one of the leading Hindutva organizations which was at the forefront of the Ram temple movement.
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Nem Singh, Jewellord T. "The Rise and Fall of Public Enterprises in Latin America in the 20th Century". W Business of the State, 63–80. Oxford University PressOxford, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198892212.003.0003.

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Abstract This chapter examines the place of state ownership in natural resource governance in Latin American states during the 20th century. It seeks to demonstrate the significance of SOEs in developing indigenous industrial capacity and human capital stocks in the region. In so doing, the chapter interrogates how and why Latin American states embraced economic nationalism as a development strategy, highlighting the role of natural resource sector in the process of industrial transformation in the region. In particular, it pays close attention to Venezuela’s economic fate and its institutional development as a petro-state in response to societal demands for structural transformation through its oil wealth. It likewise presents the hard limits of this SOE-based growth that paved the way for the implementation and continuing dominance of neoliberalism in the region from the 1980s onwards.
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Arkhipova, Ekaterina. "Border Commemoration in Contemporary Armenia". W Memory, Identity, and Nationalism in European Regions, 121–40. IGI Global, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-8392-9.ch006.

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By the end of 20th century, history manipulation had become the main tool for mobilizing masses. To create a societal identity, a nation-state uses collective memory and creates an idea of the past as the purpose of self-existence. In addition to the chronological pattern, collective memory describes the geographical framework of society by creating them. The chapter analyzes the practice of determining geographical boundaries of Armenia in the collective memory of Armenians. Using the concept of “places of memory” coined by P. Nora, this chapter determines markers and geographical points as defined in the collective memory of Armenia residents as their own. The chapter presents the results of observations carried out by the author during the research made in 2014, as well as discursive analysis of memorial places from Armenian travel site as data that represent collective memory to the outsiders as informational messages. In conclusion, the author raises the question of the effective model of collective memory adopted in the name of societal development.
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Bullock, Philip Ross. "The German Roots of Russian Orientalism: Hafiz’s Poetry in Early-20th-Century Russian Song". W Song Beyond the Nation, 47–64. British Academy, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5871/bacad/9780197267196.003.0004.

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The Russian arts were as fascinated by exotic languages, cultures, and locales as their Western European counterparts, and at first glance, Russian settings of the poetry of Hafiz appears to form part of the broader field of musical exoticism in general, and Russian orientalism in particular. This chapter begins by examining the relationship between empire and music, before setting out a rather different account of Russian musical orientalism, one marked by a complex transnational flow of literary and musical influences, as well as practices of translation, imitation, cultural appropriation, and cross-border artistic exchange. Whilst forming part of a broader tendency to imagine visions of a supposed ‘orient’ that had little to do with any documented anthropological, ethnographic, philological, or linguistic reality, Russian settings of Hafiz’s poetry are ultimately the result of the import of elements of German romanticism. Here, writers, translators, and commentators co-opted a range of ‘exotic’ literatures in an attempt to distinguish themselves from the dominance of French classicism and fashion an autonomous form of German nationalism, key elements of which were then incorporated into mid-nineteenth-century Russian culture (as in the case of Afanasy Fet’s translations of Georg Daumer’s well-known ‘versions’ of Hafiz). Accordingly, Hafiz figures not so much as the object of orientalist representation (although there is certainly a strong element of that to the songs discussed here), but as an exemplary figure within a complex network of literary mediation.
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Sorba, Carlotta. "‘Comunicare con il popolo’: Novel, Drama, and Music in Mazzini’s Work". W Giuseppe Mazzini and the Globalization of Democratic Nationalism, 1830-1920. British Academy, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.5871/bacad/9780197264317.003.0005.

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This chapter observes and relocates the role of the arts in Mazzini's political reflections, seeing in it a kind of prelude to the aesthetic dimension of politics generally explored in the 20th century. Through a close analysis of his large output of literary and musical criticism (1826–44), it shows how the language of the arts, and especially drama as ‘the social art par excellence’, was considered by the Italian thinker to be the main means to communicate to the public – in a forceful and emotional way – political and national goals. Mazzini believed that, in the specific case of Italy, opera, with its active power to move, thrill, and provoke enthusiasm in Italian theatres, could play a crucial political role.
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Schreffler, Gibb. "The Short End of the Stick". W Dhol, 35–58. University of Illinois Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5622/illinois/9780252044076.003.0002.

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This chapter sets the stage for thinking about dhol as representative of differing constructions of Punjabi identity. It considers spatial movement and social positioning as factors in individuals’ identity constructs. Through the example of the development of themes and production practices in 20th-century popular music, it contends that Punjabi “national” identity gains coherence as individuals move away from Punjab’s local and rural spaces. The particular composition of migrants gives this national identity its biased orientation. The discussion identifies an ideology of cultural nationalism that seeks to unify a Punjabi nation on the basis of perceived shared culture of its constituent members while privileging shared traits of migrants. In selectively deemphasizing diversity, Punjabi cultural nationalism informs an identity in which dholis’ sociocultural identities are minimized.
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Streszczenia konferencji na temat "Nationalism – algeria – 20th century"

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BAYA, Abdelaziz. "Reformation literature in Morocco during the era of the French protectorate - Synthetic attempt -". W V. International Congress of Humanities and Educational Research. Rimar Academy, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.47832/ijhercongress5-8.

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This paper will attempt to shed light on the reformist aspects that characterized the writings of the period from the second half of the 19th century to the end of the first half of the 20th century in the Kingdom of Morocco. These aspects, which became clear after the occupation of Algeria by France and the defeat of Morocco at the Battle of Asli and Tetouan, constituted a kind of call to organize the army and to structure it according to the European system. Then they expanded to include most areas
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Beris, Yeter, i İsmail Erim Gulacti. "Influences of Japanese prints on European printmaking (in the case of Degas-Manzi partnership)". W 10th International Symposium on Graphic Engineering and Design. University of Novi Sad, Faculty of technical sciences, Department of graphic engineering and design,, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.24867/grid-2020-p69.

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Contemporary artists have included classical methods together with innovative digital printing technologies to their artistic manufactures and thus their technological production interactions have been reflected on current art as well. Today’s artists have also been in collaboration with each other by involving the digital printing technologies which kept advancing during the recent 20 years in their works of art just like Degas and Manzi did in their relationships of production partnerships in 19th Century. Besides, those opinions which originated from modernism ideas and movements consist of the core of this cooperation post Industrial Revolution era. Therefore, the concept of nationalism, the devastating consequences of the world wars and the latest industrial and technological advancements have all transformed human life irreversibly. Consequently, during this transformation era, various significant movements of art such as Impressionism and Expressionism emerged in the 20th century and representatives of those art movements substituted such a lot of printmaking practices in their works of art. None of those mentioned above took place in other previous movements of art. They reflected their points of view that they display social movements and none of the other artists who represent other senses of art have ever exhibited such a lot of printmaking practices. Thus, various printing technologies which present a new laboratory environment to the artists. As a result of this, printing technologies have been preferred as a sort of new artistic media value and it started to take its prominent place in collections of art as well as in museums during artistic presentations. Within this context, this article aims at studying the phenomenon of art by considering how it has changed during the historical process by examining those works of art which reveal these variations. Common production and working techniques in traditional printmaking, contributions of the technological advantages to the artistic manufacture. Besides, periodical innovations will be examined and presented by introducing an updated point of view to the topic within the content of this article that contain some citations from the second part of the thesis titled “Effects of fine art printmaking on the phenomenon of contemporary art”.
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