Gotowe bibliografie tematyczne / National parks

Gotowa bibliografia na temat „National parks”

Autor: Grafiati
Data publikacji: 4 czerwca 2021
Data aktualizacji: 4 marca 2023

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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat "National parks"

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García-Melón, Mónica, Tomás Gómez-Navarro i Silvia Acuña-Dutra. "AN ANP APPROACH TO ASSESS THE SUSTAINABILITY OF TOURIST STRATEGIES FOR THE COASTAL NATIONAL PARKS OF VENEZUELA / VENESUELOS PAKRANTĖS NACIONALINIŲ PARKŲ DARNAUS TURIZMO STRATEGIJŲ VERTINIMAS ATP METODU". Technological and Economic Development of Economy 16, nr 4 (31.12.2010): 672–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/tede.2010.41.

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Decision‐making for sustainable development involves high levels of uncertainty. In the present paper a study about sustainable management of tourism in national parks is presented. A case study approach is applied to coastal national parks (NP) in Venezuela. Tourism can contribute to the sustainability of national parks but currently it is their main cause of environmental impact. The Government of Venezuela and its natural park managers are therefore looking for new sustainable tourism development strategies. To help managers in making decisions about NP sustainability a new multicriteria approach based on the Analytic Network Process (ANP) technique is proposed. ANP provides a more realistic approach for modelling complex situations such as decision making for sustainable tourism management because ANP allows the general study of the quantitative and qualitative explanatory variables and the incorporation of feedback and interdependence relationships among variables. A case study has been carried out with the help of two experts closely related to the 12 coastal NP analyzed and 8 stakeholders of “Los Roques” national park who provided most of the information needed. Santrauka Priimant darnios plėtros sprendimus kyla labai daug neapibrėžtumų. Straipsnyje pateikta darnios nacionalinių parkų turizmo vadybos analizė. Straipsnio tyrimo objektas – Venesuelos pakrantės nacionaliniai parkai. Turizmas gali prisidėti prie nacionalinių parkų darnos didinimo, tačiau šiuo metu jam būdingas tiesiog didelis poveikis aplinkai. Todėl Venesuelos Vyriausybe ir gamtos parku vadovai ieško naujų darnaus turizmo plėtros strategijų. Nacionalinių parkų vadovams straipsnio autoriai siūlo taikyti daugiakriteriniais metodais sukurtą analitinio tinklo proceso (ATP) techniką. Jis padėtų vadovams priimti su nacionaliniu parkų darną susijusius sprendimus. ATP leidžia tikroviškiau modeliuoti tokias sudėtingas situacijas, kaip sprendimų priėmimas darnaus turizmo vadyboje, nes su ATP įmanoma ištirti kiekybinius ir kokybinius kintamuosius, galima įdiegti grįžtamąjį ryši ir tarpusavio ryšius tarp kintamųjų. Ištirtas “Los Roques” nacionalinis parkas. Tyrime dalyvavo ekspertai ir minėto parko darbuotojai, kurie suteikė dauguma reikalingos informacijos.
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Tangley, Laura. "Beyond National Parks". BioScience 38, nr 3 (marzec 1988): 146–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1310445.

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Parris, Thomas M. "Exploring National Parks". Environment: Science and Policy for Sustainable Development 41, nr 5 (czerwiec 1999): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00139159909604630.

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Steers, J. A., William S. Lacey i Alan Hamilton. "Britain's National Parks". Geographical Journal 151, nr 2 (lipiec 1985): 249. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/633540.

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Cochrane, Janet. "Indonesian national parks". Annals of Tourism Research 33, nr 4 (październik 2006): 979–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2006.03.018.

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Dong, Qian, Bo Zhang, Xiaomei Cai i Alastair M. Morrison. "Do Local Residents Support the Development of a National Park? A Study from Nanling National Park Based on Social Impact Assessment (SIA)". Land 10, nr 10 (28.09.2021): 1019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land10101019.

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Over the past five years, the pilot establishment of national parks in China has been a major event in global biodiversity conservation. The national parks under construction and proposed account for nearly 1% of the land area, and their social impacts have attracted the attention of researchers and managers. However, most of the research has a focus on the effects of protection, and national parks do not have a sufficient understanding of the social impacts and perceptions of the local residents. This research, taking Nanling National Park in Guangdong Province as the case, used the social impact assessment research framework to explore the perceptions and support of local people for the creation of national parks. Through questionnaires and in-depth interviews, the findings were first that most residents expressed a low awareness of Nanling National Park’s development, but they still expressed conditional support. Second, ethnic minorities and less educated residents did not support the creation of national parks. Perceptions of ecological, economic, political, and cultural impacts affected whether residents supported the construction of national parks. In the initial stages of national park development, governmental administrative departments should reduce the negative impacts of national park construction by strengthening the publicity and awareness building, formulating appropriate policy guidance for different needs, and giving local residents the right to express their views, so as to enhance resident support for national park projects.
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Musakwa, Walter, Trynos Gumbo, Gaynor Paradza, Ephraim Mpofu, Nesisa Analisa Nyathi i Ntlakala B. Selamolela. "Partnerships and Stakeholder Participation in the Management of National Parks: Experiences of the Gonarezhou National Park in Zimbabwe". Land 9, nr 11 (22.10.2020): 399. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land9110399.

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National parks play an important role in maintaining natural ecosystems which are important sources of income and livelihood sustenance. Most national parks in Southern Africa are managed by their states. Before 2007, Gonarezhou National Park was managed by the Zimbabwe Parks Management and Wildlife Authority, which faced challenges in maintaining its biodiversity, community relations and infrastructure. However, in 2017 the Frankfurt Zoological Society and the Zimbabwe Parks Management and Wildlife Authority formed an innovative partnership under the Gonarezhou Conservation Trust (GCT). This study examines the relationship between GCT management, Gonarezhou National Park stakeholders and communities as well as the impact of the relationship on biodiversity and ecosystems. The study also highlights challenges faced and lessons learned in managing Gonarezhou as a protected area. To obtain the information, key informant interviews, Landsat satellite imagery, secondary data from previous studies and government sources were utilized. The results indicate that the concerted efforts of the Gonarezhou Conservation Trust to manage the park are starting to bear fruit in improving biodiversity conservation, ecosystem management and engaging communities. However, challenges such as governance obstacles, problematic stakeholder management, maintaining trust in community relations, ensuring sustainability, managing the adverse impacts of climate change and human-wildlife conflicts must still be navigated to ensure the park’s sustainable management. Notwithstanding challenges, we argue that a partnership arrangement such as the Gonarezhou Conservation Trust is a desirable model that can be applied in national parks in Zimbabwe and Africa for better biodiversity management and tourism.
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HAHINA, Natallia V., Elena I. GALAI, Duman T. ALIASKAROV, Yerкin A. TOKPANOV i Zhansulu INKAROVA. "ECOLOGICAL TOURISM DEVELOPMENT IN THE NATIONAL PARKS OF BELARUS". GeoJournal of Tourism and Geosites 44, nr 4 (30.12.2022): 1216–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.30892/gtg.44405-937.

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The article is devoted to the development of ecological tourism in the national parks of Belarus. The methodological basis of the study was a systematic scientific approach, comparative geographical, cartographic, expert assessment methods. As a result of the research, the data on environmental requirements for ecological tourism organisation in the national parks of the Republic of Belarus such as state environmental institutions "National Park "Narochansky", "National Park "Braslav Lakes", "National Park "Belovezhskaya Pushcha", "National Park "Pripyatsky" are systematized. Landscape features of the national park’s territories are considered as a factor determining the direction of ecotourism activities. The analysis of ecotourism infrastructure development, innovativeness and complexity of the offered tourist services is given. Prospective directions of development of domestic and international inbound ecological tourism in the national parks of Belarus are substantiated.
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Wang, Ting, i Teiji Watanabe. "Introducing Management Actions to Unmanaged Campsites in Daisetsuzan National Park, Japan: A Discussion Based on a Reservation System in Taiwan’s National Parks". Land 11, nr 3 (24.02.2022): 337. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land11030337.

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A limit on use is often practiced overnight in mountain national parks to reduce users’ environmental impact on campgrounds and cabins or huts, where they spend most of their time. This study aims to propose an appropriate management system to mitigate the problems observed in Daisetsuzan National Park’s unmanaged campsites. We looked into three mountain national parks in Taiwan to learn about an established campground reservation system. We collected information on campgrounds and cabins in these three national parks through a literature review and internet surveys. The distribution of campgrounds and cabins was mapped using ArcMap 10.8.1. They effectively reduced the distance between adjacent campgrounds and controlled each campground’s area. This was done by tolerating some informal sites among online reservable campgrounds. The results of the interview surveys with the three park managers showed that the reservation system helped reduce the crowding problem. Introducing a lenient reservation system, with the support of related stakeholders and park users, would be a promising option to mitigate soil erosion and overuse problems in campsites in Daisetsuzan National Park’s alpine zone and in other campsites in fragile environments worldwide.
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Wescott, Geoffrey Charles. "Australia's Distinctive National Parks System". Environmental Conservation 18, nr 4 (1991): 331–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s037689290002258x.

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Australia possesses a distinctive national parks and conservation reserves system, in which it is the State Governments rather than the Federal Government which owns, plans, and manages, national parks and other conservation reserves.Most Australian States declared their first national parks in the latter quarter of last century, Australia's first national park being declared in New South Wales in March 1879. These critical declarations were followed by a slow accumulation of parks and reserves through to 1968. The pace of acquisition then quickened dramatically with an eight-fold expansion in the total area of national parks between 1968 and 1990, at an average rate of over 750,000 ha per annum. The present Australian system contains 530 national parks covering 20.18 million hectares or 2.6% of the land-mass. A further 28.3 million hectares is protected in other parks and conservation reserves. In terms of the percentage of their land-mass now in national parks, the leading States are Tasmania (12.8%) and Victoria (10.0%), with Western Australia (1.9%) and Queensland (2.1%) trailing far behind, and New South Wales (3.92%) and South Australia (3.1%) lying between.The Australian system is also compared with the Canadian and USA systems. All three are countries of widely comparable cultures that have national parks covering similar percentage areas, but Canada and the USA have far fewer national parks than Australia and they are in general of much greater size. In addition, Canada and the USA ‘resource’ these parks far better than the Australians do theirs. The paper concludes that Australia needs to rationalize its current system by introducing direct funding, by the Federal Government, of national park management, and duly examining the whole system of reserves from a national rather than States' viewpoint.
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Rozprawy doktorskie na temat "National parks"

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Tripp, Michael William. "The emergence of national parks in Russia : with studies of Pribaikalski and Zabaikalski National Parks in the Lake Baikal region of south-central Siberia". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape17/PQDD_0002/NQ34287.pdf.

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Cimatche, Luc. "Managing 'ecotourism' in national parks : a case study of Korup National Park, Cameroon". Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.438132.

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Flickinger, Mark John. "Bicycle use in national parks". Diss., The University of Arizona, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/186671.

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Since national park visitation has been rapidly increasing each year, the National Park Service (NPS) has been struggling to manage their popular parks and control automobile-related problems: urbanization, crowding, emission pollution, and damage to natural resources. However, the advent of the mountain-bike and increased public interest in bicycling presents an opportunity for the NPS to alleviate its automobile use problems by enabling bicycle use as a transportation alternative. The purpose of this dissertation is to clarify the role of bicycle use in national parks and enable the NPS to create informed policies to support this role. A review was conducted of NPS bicycle facilities and use. An in-depth examination, involving four surveys and three case studies, was made of the personal and social aspects affecting bicycle use. Results indicated that perceptions about bicycle use and favorable support for increased access within national parks is generally consistent among the groups surveyed: trail users, general park visitors, and park service employees within park units and regional administrative offices. As an alternative to automobile use, the advantages of bicycling in front-country areas of parks appear to offset any disadvantages; while within back-country areas, the disadvantages appear to outweigh the advantages. To successfully increase bicycle access, plans should be created which maximize the benefits of bicycling and minimize potential disadvantages. Safety issues, trail user conflicts, and resource damage can be reduced through effective design. A focus should be placed on separating trail user groups and providing safe bicycle access on park roadways. National parks offer unique opportunities for bicycling since they attract a wide range of age groups and provide a relatively safe environment. Yet compared to local and state government agencies, the NPS appears to be lagging behind in the development of bicycle facilities. The three greatest impediments for improving facilities in national parks are lack of funding, rigidity in current transportation policies, and funding strategies that are centered on automobile use.
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Rossi, Sebastian Dario. "Factors Affecting People-Park Relationships in Peri-Urban National Parks". Thesis, Griffith University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/366840.

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Protected areas such as national parks are key mechanisms for conserving nature. They also provide important opportunities for people to engage in a range of nature based tourism and recreation activities, engendering active lifestyles and providing access to fresh air, solitude and nature. In part due to the psychological and health benefits of these activities, visitation to protected areas is increasingly popular, especially for parks close to cities. Rapid urban growth in many cities has also heightened demand for, and increased use of, protected areas. Visitor use of protected areas can however, adversely impact both visitors and local communities if not properly managed. National park managers face the challenge of accommodating often times competing expectations about these types of protected areas, including providing access without negatively affecting the natural environment or visitors’ experiences. Reliable information is needed about visitor characteristics, the activities they undertake, and their expectations of parks including the types of activities permitted. We also need to know how the values, attitudes, and travel patterns of visitors shape their park experiences. Moreover, we need to know how nearby communities interact with the park and their attitudes about visitor activities. To better understand how these factors potentially affect people-park interactions, including parks close to cities, this thesis assessed six peri-urban national parks in South East Queensland, Australia.
Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
Griffith School of Environment
Science, Environment, Engineering and Technology
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Apostle, Alisa Catharine. "The view from the hill, national park culture and Gatineau Park, 1920-1960". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp05/mq20602.pdf.

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Rettie, Kathleen. "At home in national parks : a study of power, knowledge and discourse in Banff National Park and Cairngorms National Park". Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/2819.

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National Parks bear greater implications than simply preserving or conserving pockets of landscape. They evoke values of conservation versus development, livelihood economics, environmental stewardship and personal enrichment; they fulfil positions in relation to the national and the international stage. Social characteristics are revealed though this comparative study of Banff National Park and the Cairngorms National Park. Perceptions of space, place and boundaries crucially imply different meanings to the people living inside the national park boundaries and those living outside the boundaries. 'Insiders' are long-term permanent residents for whom being in the park is a practical activity; 'outsiders' include scientists, conservationists, bureaucrats, and tourists, who take various ideological positions regarding the park's purpose. Both sides take a serious interest in the park and how it is managed and regard it as a place where they are 'at home'. Groups within these spaces considers their values and rights superior to others and conflict often arises. Non-violent means of gaining power as theorized by Foucault and Bourdieu, employing knowledge and discourse, are highly suggestive in the study of national parks. Discourse of nature is strategically significant as it influences purpose and policy that drive government's decisions on how the park will be managed - in this way discourse shapes the culture of how we use nature. Knowledge, as symbolic capital and as the basis for truth, sparks divisiveness - in particular scientific knowledge versus experiential knowledge. Changes to the exclusive North American model, such as those instituted in the Caimgorms, mark the increased social utility and inclusive nature of national parks. The challenge remains for park managers to reconcile values connected with nationalism and environmental ethics with values connected with local livelihoods.
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MacEachern, Alan Andrew. "In search of Eastern beauty, creating national parks in Atlantic Canada, 1935-1970". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/nq22480.pdf.

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Gibson, Mathew Sean. "Interpretation, aboriginal cultures and national parks /". Title page, table of contents and abstract only, 1993. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09ENV/09envg449.pdf.

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Thesis (M.A.)--University of Adelaide, Mawson Graduate Centre for Environmental Studies, 1993.
"Dissertation submitted in partial fulfilment of the course-work requirements for the degree of Master of Environmental Studies in Mawson Graduate Centre for Environmental Studies, University of Adelaide, November,1993"--Cover.
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Ferguson, Lillian. "Collaboration for cross-boundary protected area management : focus on the Olympic Coast National Marine Sanctuary and Olympic National Park /". Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/6211.

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Hoekzema, Abbey. "Into the Canyons". Thesis, University of North Texas, 2014. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc500188/.

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Into the Canyons is a documentary short that provides an intimate portrait of two volunteer Wilderness Rangers working and living in Zion National Park in Utah for a summer. Sarah dreams of being a Park Ranger for the National Park Service, but must wait till she earns US citizenship. Working in an office, Allen wants a change in lifestyle. Together they explore the Wilderness and learn what it means to be a Park Ranger.
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Książki na temat "National parks"

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Trumbauer, Lisa. National parks. Bloomington, Minn: Yellow Umbrella, 2005.

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National parks. New York: Children's Press, 2001.

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Fear, Sharon. National parks. Parsippany, N.J: Celebration Press, 2005.

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editor, Moon Viv, red. National parks. Sydney: Lifetime Distributors, 1997.

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Storer, Tracy I. Our national parks. San Francisco: Sierra Club Books, 1991.

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1973-, Peterson Eric, i Pocock Jennifer D, red. America's national parks. Lincolnwood, Ill: Publications International, 2009.

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John, Gattuso, i Tourangeau Richard, red. America's national parks. Lincolnwood, Ill: Publications International, 1996.

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Weber, Michael. Our national parks. Brookfield, Conn: Millbrook Press, 1994.

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Winslow, Ellen. America's National Parks. New York: Gallery Books, 1991.

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Hirschmann, Fred. Alaska's national parks. Portland, Or: Graphic Arts Center Pub. Co., 1990.

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Części książek na temat "National parks"

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Rolston, Holmes. "National Parks". W The Routledge Companion to Environmental Ethics, 124–32. New York: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315768090-14.

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Leinster-Mackay, Donald. "National Child Parks?" W The Rise of the English Prep School, 53–60. London: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003153665-6.

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Griffiths, Dilwyn J. "National Parks and Conservation". W Tropical Ecosystems in Australia, 105–10. Boca Raton : Taylor & Francis, [2020]: CRC Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429328008-8.

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Hritonenko, Natali, i Yuri Yatsenko. "National and State Parks". W USA Through the Lens of Mathematics, 71–98. Boca Raton: A K Peters/CRC Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003229889-3.

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Cooper, Malcolm J. M. "Volcanic National Parks in Japan". W Volcanic Tourist Destinations, 231–46. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-16191-9_18.

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Treadwell, Timothy. "Astronomy in the National Parks". W The Patrick Moore Practical Astronomy Series, 67–81. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-50002-7_5.

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Ramírez, Fernando, i Josefina Santana. "National Parks and Biodiversity Conservation". W SpringerBriefs in Environmental Science, 33–38. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-01968-6_6.

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Lemons, John. "Ecological Integrity and National Parks". W Environmental Science and Technology Library, 177–201. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-0451-7_12.

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Li, Li. "American National Parks: Symbolic Landscapes". W Geocriticism and Spatial Literary Studies, 169–83. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-03914-0_10.

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Kellett, Michael J. "America Needs More National Parks". W Protecting the Wild, 194–207. Washington, DC: Island Press/Center for Resource Economics, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.5822/978-1-61091-551-9_21.

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Streszczenia konferencji na temat "National parks"

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Bilderback, Eric L. "ROCKFALL MONITORING IN THE NATIONAL PARKS". W PRF2022—Progressive Failure of Brittle Rocks. Geological Society of America, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2022pr-376038.

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Wenqing Li, Linfu Xue, Chunyan Deng i Man Wang. "Panorama display system of National Geological Parks". W 2010 2nd Conference on Environmental Science and Information Application Technology (ESIAT). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/esiat.2010.5568852.

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Rideout, D. B., P. S. Ziesler i Y. Wei. "Comparing environmental values across major U.S. national parks". W FOREST FIRES 2010. Southampton, UK: WIT Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/fiva100191.

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Brumen, Bostjan, i Mihaela Franjic. "The Use of Intranet in Croatian National Parks". W 2021 44th International Convention on Information, Communication and Electronic Technology (MIPRO). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.23919/mipro52101.2021.9596711.

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Aldred, Jennifer, Greg M. Stock i Sheree Peshlakai. "INCREASING SCIENCE EDUCATION IN NATIONAL PARKS: A NEW GEOLOGY-FOCUSED AUDIO TOUR ON YOSEMITE NATIONAL PARK'S MOBILE APP". W GSA 2020 Connects Online. Geological Society of America, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2020am-358847.

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Mkwizu, Kezia. "Experiences and enjoyment of national parks: A pilot study of domestic tourists at Mikumi National Park in Tanzania". W AADNIC-ABMECR 2022: The 4th Africa-Asia Dialogue Network International Conference on Advances in Business Management and Electronic Commerce Research 2022. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3572996.3573002.

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Despain, Joel, i Patricia N. Kambesis. "ENIGMATIC SPELEOGENESIS, SEQUOIA AND KINGS CANYON NATIONAL PARKS, CALIFORNIA". W GSA Annual Meeting in Phoenix, Arizona, USA - 2019. Geological Society of America, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2019am-337311.

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Díaz-Martín, Diego, Tomás Gómez-Navarro, i Mónica García Melón. "Modelling Decision Making in the Management of National Parks". W International Symposium on the Analytic Hierarchy Process. Creative Decisions Foundation, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.13033/isahp.y2014.124.

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Krozer, Y., M. Lordkipanidze, T. Bijma i F. van den Akker. "Income generation from tourism in National Parks: European experience". W SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT 2007. Southampton, UK: WIT Press, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/sdp070982.

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Soto, Limaris R., Lisa Norby i Krista Rogers. "TWENTY YEARS OF RESOURCE MANAGEMENT IN NATIONAL PARK THROUGH GEOSCIENTISTS-IN-THE-PARKS INTERNSHIPS". W GSA Annual Meeting in Denver, Colorado, USA - 2016. Geological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2016am-284948.

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Raporty organizacyjne na temat "National parks"

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Gelfeld, Vicki. AARP Travel Research: National Parks. AARP Research, marzec 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.26419/res.00120.001.

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KellerLynn, Katie. Redwood National and State Parks: Geologic resources inventory report. National Park Service, październik 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrr-2287676.

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Comprehensive park management to fulfill the NPS mission requires an accurate inventory of the geologic features of a park unit, but Comprehensive park management to fulfill the NPS mission requires an accurate inventory of the geologic features of a park unit, but park managers may not have the needed information, geologic expertise, or means to complete such an undertaking; therefore, the Geologic Resources Inventory (GRI) provides information and resources to help park managers make decisions for visitor safety, planning and protection of infrastructure, and preservation of natural and cultural resources. Information in the GRI report may also be useful for interpretation. park managers may not have the needed information, geologic expertise, or means to complete such an undertaking; therefore, the Geologic Resources Inventory (GRI) provides information and resources to help park managers make decisions for visitor safety, planning and protection of infrastructure, and preservation of natural and cultural resources. Information in the GRI report may also be useful for interpretation. This report synthesizes discussions from a scoping meeting for Redwood National and State Parks (referred to as the “parks” throughout this report) held in 2004 and a follow-up conference call in 2019. Two GRI–compiled GIS data sets of the geology and geohazards of the parks are the principal deliverables of the GRI. The GRI GIS data are available on the GRI publications website http://go.nps.gov/gripubs and through the NPS Integrated Resource Management Applications (IRMA) portal https://irma.nps.gov/App/Portal/Home. Enter “GRI” as the search text and select a park from the unit list. Writing of this report was based on those data and the interpretations of the source map authors (see “GRI Products” and “Acknowledgements”). A geologic map poster illustrates the geology GRI GIS data set and serves as a primary figure for this GRI report. No poster was prepared for the geohazards GRI GIS data set. Additionally, figure 7 of this report illustrates the locations of the major geologic features in the parks. Unlike the poster, which is divided into a northern and southern portion to show detail while accommodating the parks’ length, figure 7 is a single-page, simplified map. The features labeled on figure 7 are discussed in the “Geologic History, Features, and Processes” chapter. To provide a context of geologic time, this report includes a geologic time scale (see "Geologic History, Features, and Processes"). The parks’ geologic story encompasses 200 million years, starting in the Jurassic Period. Following geologic practice, the time scale is set up like a stratigraphic column, with the oldest units at the bottom and the youngest units at the top. Organized in this manner, the geologic time scale table shows the relative ages of the rock units that underlie the parks and the unconsolidated deposits that lie at the surface. Reading the “Geologic Event” column in the table, from bottom to top, will provide a chronologic order of the parks’ geologic history. The time scale includes only the map units within the parks that also appear on the geologic map poster; that is, map units of the geohazards data are not included. Geology is a complex science with many specialized terms. This report provides definitions of geologic terms at first mention, typically in parentheses following the term. Geologic units in the GRI GIS data are referenced in this report using map unit symbols; for example, map unit KJfrc stands for the Cretaceous (K) and Jurassic (J) Franciscan Complex (f), Redwood Creek schist (rc), which underlies a portion of the Redwood Creek watershed (see “GRI Products”).
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Gelfeld, Vicki, i Patty David. AARP Travel Research: National Parks: Infographic. AARP Research, marzec 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.26419/res.00120.002.

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Michalak, Julia, Josh Lawler, John Gross i Caitlin Littlefield. A strategic analysis of climate vulnerability of national park resources and values. National Park Service, wrzesień 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrr-2287214.

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The U.S. national parks have experienced significant climate-change impacts and rapid, on-going changes are expected to continue. Despite the significant climate-change vulnerabilities facing parks, relatively few parks have conducted comprehensive climate-change vulnerability assessments, defined as assessments that synthesize vulnerability information from a wide range of sources, identify key climate-change impacts, and prioritize vulnerable park resources (Michalak et al. In review). In recognition that funding and planning capacity is limited, this project was initiated to identify geographies, parks, and issues that are high priorities for conducting climate-change vulnerability assessments (CCVA) and strategies to efficiently address the need for CCVAs across all U.S. National Park Service (NPS) park units (hereafter “parks”) and all resources. To help identify priority geographies and issues, we quantitatively assessed the relative magnitude of vulnerability factors potentially affecting park resources and values. We identified multiple vulnerability factors (e.g., temperature change, wildfire potential, number of at-risk species, etc.) and sought existing datasets that could be developed into indicators of these factors. To be included in the study, datasets had to be spatially explicit or already summarized for individual parks and provide consistent data for at least all parks within the contiguous U.S. (CONUS). The need for consistent data across such a large geographic extent limited the number of datasets that could be included, excluded some important drivers of climate-change vulnerability, and prevented adequate evaluation of some geographies. The lack of adequately-scaled data for many key vulnerability factors, such as freshwater flooding risks and increased storm activity, highlights the need for both data development and more detailed vulnerability assessments at local to regional scales where data for these factors may be available. In addition, most of the available data at this scale were related to climate-change exposures, with relatively little data available for factors associated with climate-change sensitivity or adaptive capacity. In particular, we lacked consistent data on the distribution or abundance of cultural resources or accessible data on infrastructure across all parks. We identified resource types, geographies, and critical vulnerability factors that lacked data for NPS’ consideration in addressing data gaps. Forty-seven indicators met our criteria, and these were combined into 21 climate-change vulnerability factors. Twenty-seven indicators representing 12 vulnerability factors addressed climate-change exposure (i.e., projected changes in climate conditions and impacts). A smaller number of indictors measured sensitivity (12 indicators representing 5 vulnerability factors). The sensitivity indicators often measured park or landscape characteristics which may make resources more or less responsive to climate changes (e.g., current air quality) as opposed to directly representing the sensitivity of specific resources within the park (e.g., a particular rare species or type of historical structure). Finally, 6 indicators representing 4 vulnerability factors measured external adaptive capacity for living resources (i.e., characteristics of the park and/or surrounding landscape which may facilitate or impede species adaptation to climate changes). We identified indicators relevant to three resource groups: terrestrial living, aquatic living (including living cultural resources such as culturally significant landscapes, plant, or animal species) and non-living resources (including infrastructure and non-living cultural resources such as historic buildings or archeological sites). We created separate indicator lists for each of these resource groups and analyzed them separately. To identify priority geographies within CONUS,...
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Tieguhong, Julius Chupezi, i Janusz Zwolinski. Economic sustainability of national parks in the Congo Basin : a case study of the Sangha Tri-national Park. Unknown, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.35648/20.500.12413/11781/ii128.

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Leis, Sherry. Network scale fire atlas supports land management in national parks. Redaktor Tani Hubbard. National Park Service, listopad 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/2295133.

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Long-term vegetation monitoring allows land managers to make treatment decisions based on data. Fire management is a commonly used approach to managing grasslands, but fire history in grasslands is challenging to record because of spatial and temporal scales and rapid ecosystem recovery. We built a seven-park fire occurrence record (fire atlas) using a geodatabase tool. Multiple sources for fire perimeters were vetted using a verification and editing process. The fire occurrence geodatabase was then used as the basis for an analysis that used buffering around monitoring site locations to determine burned status through time. The resulting products were beneficial for communicating with managers, administrators, and fire staff. Planning and education projects were also important uses of the information. Future efforts will focus on improving attribute consistency and relating vegetation trends to fire occurrence.
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Thomas, Catherine, i Lynne Koontz. 2020 national park visitor spending effects: Economic contributions to local communities, states, and the nation. National Park Service, maj 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrr-2286547.

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The National Park Service (NPS) manages the Nation’s most iconic destinations that attract millions of visitors from across the Nation and around the world. Trip-related spending by NPS visitors generates and supports economic activity within park gateway communities. This report summarizes the annual economic contribution analysis that measures how NPS visitor spending cycles through local economies, generating business sales and supporting jobs and income. In 2020, the National Park System received over 237 million recreation visits (down 28% from 2019). Visitors to national parks spent an estimated $14.5 billion in local gateway regions (down 31% from 2019). The estimated contribution of this spending to the national economy was 234,000 jobs, $9.7 billion in labor income, $16.7 billion in value added, and $28.6 billion in economic output. The lodging sector saw the highest direct effects, with $5 billion in economic output directly contributed to this sector nationally. The restaurants sector saw the next greatest effects, with $3 billion in economic output directly contributed to this sector nationally. Results from the Visitor Spending Effects report series are available online via an interactive tool. Users can view year-by-year trend data and explore current year visitor spending, jobs, labor income, value added, and economic output effects by sector for national, state, and local economies. The interactive tool is available at https://www.nps.gov/subjects/socialscience/vse.htm.
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Hostetler, Steven, Cathy Whitlock, Bryan Shuman, David Liefert, Charles Wolf Drimal i Scott Bischke. Greater Yellowstone climate assessment: past, present, and future climate change in greater Yellowstone watersheds. Montana State University, czerwiec 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.15788/gyca2021.

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The Greater Yellowstone Area (GYA) is one of the last remaining large and nearly intact temperate ecosystems on Earth (Reese 1984; NPSa undated). GYA was originally defined in the 1970s as the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem, which encompassed the minimum range of the grizzly bear (Schullery 1992). The boundary was enlarged through time and now includes about 22 million acres (8.9 million ha) in northwestern Wyoming, south central Montana, and eastern Idaho. Two national parks, five national forests, three wildlife refuges, 20 counties, and state and private lands lie within the GYA boundary. GYA also includes the Wind River Indian Reservation, but the region is the historical home to several Tribal Nations. Federal lands managed by the US Forest Service, the National Park Service, the Bureau of Land Management, and the US Fish and Wildlife Service amount to about 64% (15.5 million acres [6.27 million ha] or 24,200 square miles [62,700 km2]) of the land within the GYA. The federal lands and their associated wildlife, geologic wonders, and recreational opportunities are considered the GYA’s most valuable economic asset. GYA, and especially the national parks, have long been a place for important scientific discoveries, an inspiration for creativity, and an important national and international stage for fundamental discussions about the interactions of humans and nature (e.g., Keiter and Boyce 1991; Pritchard 1999; Schullery 2004; Quammen 2016). Yellowstone National Park, established in 1872 as the world’s first national park, is the heart of the GYA. Grand Teton National Park, created in 1929 and expanded to its present size in 1950, is located south of Yellowstone National Park1 and is dominated by the rugged Teton Range rising from the valley of Jackson Hole. The Gallatin-Custer, Shoshone, Bridger-Teton, Caribou-Targhee, and Beaverhead-Deerlodge national forests encircle the two national parks and include the highest mountain ranges in the region. The National Elk Refuge, Red Rock Lakes National Wildlife Refuge, and Grays Lake National Wildlife Refuge also lie within GYA.
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Swanson, David. Stability of ice wedges in Alaska's Arctic National Parks, 1951-2019. National Park Service, maj 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrr-2293324.

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Ice-wedge polygons are a striking and widespread feature of the arctic landscape. Ice wedges are vulnerable to thaw because they are nearly pure ice bodies near the surface, with little insulating overlying material. Ice-wedge polygon monitoring is a part of the permafrost monitoring program for the National Park Services Arctic Inventory and Monitoring Network (ARCN, the five National Park units in northern Alaska). The present report is a re-analysis of ice-wedge condition in three study areas, based on satellite images taken in 2019 and 2020 (sampling episode 3). Results are compared to previous analyses based on aerial photographs from 1950-51 (episode 1) and satellite images from 2006-2009 (episode 2). Significant ice-wedge degradation occurred between sampling episodes 1 and 2 in one of the study areas (in Kobuk Valley National Park, KOVA). Sampling episode 3 revealed relatively minor changes from episode 2 in all three areas. This is somewhat surprising given the record warm temperatures that occurred between sampling episodes 2 and 3. Apparently the recent warming did not cross any thresholds that would trigger immediate and widespread visible changes in ice wedges, or insufficient time has elapsed since the recent onset of warmer temperatures in 2014. However, the effects of previous ice-wedge degradation continued to be manifested in new drainage channels that formed by linkage of pits from previous ice-wedge degradation. The Noatak National Preserve (NOAT) study area was affected by wildfires in 1977 and 2010, and comparison of burned to unburned areas in subsequent sampling episodes failed to show significant new ice-wedge degradation brought about by these fires.
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Henderson, Tim, Vincent Santucci, Tim Connors i Justin Tweet. National Park Service geologic type section inventory: Klamath Inventory & Monitoring Network. National Park Service, lipiec 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrr-2286915.

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A fundamental responsibility of the National Park Service (NPS) is to ensure that park resources are preserved, protected, and managed in consideration of the resources themselves and for the benefit and enjoyment by the public. Through the inventory, monitoring, and study of park resources, we gain a greater understanding of the scope, significance, distribution, and management issues associated with these resources and their use. This baseline of natural resource information is available to inform park managers, scientists, stakeholders, and the public about the conditions of these resources and the factors or activities which may threaten or influence their stability. There are several different categories of geologic or stratigraphic units (supergroup, group, formation, member, bed) which represent a hierarchical system of classification. The mapping of stratigraphic units involves the evaluation of lithologies, bedding properties, thickness, geographic distribution, and other factors. If a new mappable geologic unit is identified, it may be described and named through a rigorously defined process that is standardized and codified by the professional geologic community (North American Commission on Stratigraphic Nomenclature 2005). In most instances when a new geologic unit such as a formation is described and named in the scientific literature, a specific and well-exposed section of the unit is designated as the type section or type locality (see Definitions). The type section is an important reference section for a named geologic unit which presents a relatively complete and representative profile. The type or reference section is important both historically and scientifically, and should be protected and conserved for researchers to study and evaluate in the future. Therefore, this inventory of geologic type sections in NPS areas is an important effort in documenting these locations in order that NPS staff recognize and protect these areas for future studies. The documentation of all geologic type sections throughout the 423 units of the NPS is an ambitious undertaking. The strategy for this project is to select a subset of parks to begin research for the occurrence of geologic type sections within particular parks. The focus adopted for completing the baseline inventories throughout the NPS was centered on the 32 inventory and monitoring networks (I&M) established during the late 1990s. The I&M networks are clusters of parks within a defined geographic area based on the ecoregions of North America (Fenneman 1946; Bailey 1976; Omernik 1987). These networks share similar physical resources (geology, hydrology, climate), biological resources (flora, fauna), and ecological characteristics. Specialists familiar with the resources and ecological parameters of the network, and associated parks, work with park staff to support network level activities (inventory, monitoring, research, data management). Adopting a network-based approach to inventories worked well when the NPS undertook paleontological resource inventories for the 32 I&M networks. The network approach is also being applied to the inventory for the geologic type sections in the NPS. The planning team from the NPS Geologic Resources Division who proposed and designed this inventory selected the Greater Yellowstone Inventory and Monitoring Network (GRYN) as the pilot network for initiating this project. Through the research undertaken to identify the geologic type sections within the parks of the GRYN methodologies for data mining and reporting on these resources were established. Methodologies and reporting adopted for the GRYN have been used in the development of this type section inventory for the Klamath Inventory & Monitoring Network. The goal of this project is to consolidate information pertaining to geologic type sections which occur within NPS-administered areas, in order that this information is available throughout the NPS to inform park managers...
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