Artykuły w czasopismach na temat „National League for the Protection of the Family”
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1
Dickinson, Edward Ross. "Reflections on Feminism and Monism in the Kaiserreich, 1900–1913". Central European History 34, nr 2 (czerwiec 2001): 191–230. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15691610152977947.
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The League for the Protection of Motherhood (Bund für Mutterschutz und Sexualreform, or BfM) was the largest and most active sex-reform organization in Germany before the First World War. The league was at the center of a broad debate about sexuality, gender roles, the family, and population policy, in which representatives not only of the women's movements but also of the Christian churches, the medical and psychiatric establishments, and the sexology, eugenics, and life-reform (particularly nudist) movements participated. Both this broader debate and the BfM itself have been the subject of intensive study over the past fifteen years. One major interpretive focus of the literature to date has been on the issue of the extent to which the biologistic, social Darwinist, and eugenic ideas prominent in the thinking of many of the leading figures in the BfM were or were not evidence of a turning away from liberal, individualist feminism and toward the political and social Right, or of deeper intellectual affinities between National Socialism and sex reform — a point regarding which there is still considerable disagreement.
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HOSSAIN, MUHAMMAD BELAL. "Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman: His Life and Contributions to the Independence Movement". Dhaka University Arabic Journal 23, nr 26 (14.06.2024): 179–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.62295/mazallah.v23i26.67.
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Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman was the main architect of the state of Bangladesh. He was born in a respectable Muslim family on 17 March 1920. He dedicated his valuable time of his life for independence of Bangladesh. He started his political life when he was a student of Gopalganj Missionary School in 1939. In 1940 Sheikh Mujib joined All India Muslim Students Federation and elected as a counselor for one year. Bangabandhu was involved actively in struggle for Pakistan state in 1942 when he was studying at Kolkata Islamic Collage. He played significant role in protecting Muslim community during the violence between Hindu and Muslim after separation of India and the birth of Pakistan in 1947. Bangabandhu established "East Pakistan Muslim Student League" on 4th January 1948 when he was studying at the University of Dhaka and he proposed All party State Language movement Council. He played a key role in 1952 from the central jail when he was a prisoner and he demanded recognition of Bangla as the state language of East Pakistan. Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman was elected General Secretary of East Pakistan Awami Muslim League at its council on 9th July 1953. Bangabandhu won in the first General Election of East Bengal Legislative Assembly held on 10 March from Gopalganj. Bangabandhu took charge of the ministry of Agriculture and Forests on 15th March. He proposed historical six-point Charter of demand at a national convention of the opposition parties at Lahore on 5th February 1966. On 1st March 1966 Bangabandhu was elected the president of Awami League. On 23 February 1969 the central Student Action Council arranged a meeting at the Racecourse and Sheikh Mujibur Rahman was publicly honored as "Bangabandhu" at this meeting of one million people. On 5th December, Bangabandhu declared East Pakistan would be called Bangladesh. His historical speech on 07 March 1971 was a clear declaration of independence.
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Semenova, Inna Yu. "THE WORK OF PUBLIC ORGANIZATIONS OF THE CHUVASH ASSR ON STRENGTHENING THE FAMILY (on the materials of the Chuvash regional council of the Militant Atheists League)". Historical Search 1, nr 3 (21.12.2020): 53–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.47026/2712-9454-2020-1-3-53-61.
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The article is devoted to the activities of the public organization of the Chuvash ASSR, which launched its intense activity in the territory of the national region in the 30–40s of the 20th century. On the basis of unpublished sources contained in the State Historical Archive of the Chuvash Republic, the article analyzes the work of the Chuvash Regional Council of the Militant Atheists League (1927–1941) in the direction of anti-religious education in the family. The author notes that religious dogmata which for many centuries had been defining the marital sphere were subjected to criticism and persecution by the proletarians, which could not but affect the family values and principles in undereducated workers’-and-peasants’ families of the Chuvash.
According to the results of the study, the state policy of the Soviet power concerning marriage and family is determined; the conclusion is made about a significant influence of this public organization on the family; attention is drawn on its positive aspects of work in lower class families of workers’ and peasants’ families of Chuvashia. At the same time, the article notes discontent with the cultural and religious transformations which were carried out among some of undereducated inhabitants of the Republic, especially female workers and peasants, who were afraid of possible families breakdown due to their equalization in rights with men, increased female political activity (the work of female sectors of the ACP(b) Women’s Department and territorial organizations of women’s movements as well as due to the social policy for protecting motherhood and infancy carried out by the Soviet power.
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Kisselev, Andrei K. "The League of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (1983)". Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 1, S1 (1985): v—vi. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x00043521.
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The League of Red Cross Societies is the international federation of the 130 National Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies, which together have a membership of more than 230,000,000. The League is one of the three components of the International Red Cross, the others being the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) and the National Red Cross/Red Crescent Societies.The ICRC acts as a neutral intermediary in humanitarian matters during international conflicts, civil wars and internal disturbances, providing protection and assistance to victims, prisoners of war and civilian detainees. The League objective is to facilitate, encourage and promote the humanitarian activities of its member societies and thus contribute to the promotion of peace in the world.
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Nahorna, V. O. "FORMATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF NATIONAL MINORITY RIGHTS PROTECTION IN INTERNATIONAL LAW". Legal horizons 33, nr 20 (2020): 159–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.21272/legalhorizons.2020.i20.p159.
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The article focuses on the evolutionary development of international legal regulation in the field of protection of the national minority rights from the Westphalian system of international relations to the present. The aspiration of non-dominant groups to preserve their cultural, religious, or ethnic background was manifested simultaneously with the emergence of nation-states in the seventeenth century. However, since then, the international community has not reached a consensus on the content of the concept of minority: a unified approach to the issue has not been elaborated in either international legal acts, law doctrine, or judicial practice. At the universal level, the protection of minority rights in international law was institutionalized only during the functioning of the League of Nations. The established procedures for the implementation and control over the observance of minority rights within the League of Nations were elaborated in sufficient detail and provided for effective collective security measures to resolve international disputes and problems arising in connection with the protection of minority rights. Indeed, this system also had a number of significant shortcomings that were subsequently taken into account when establishing mechanisms for the protection of minority rights within the United Nations. In reviewing international legal acts after 1945, the following general tendency should be emphasized. It concerns the adoption of a large array of documents in this field, most of which are advisory and general in nature. This is explained by the fact that minority issues are a sensitive area of public relations, and states are reluctant to make this sphere regulated by international law. The Council of Europe Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities (1995) became the first legally binding legislative act on the protection of minorities in general, and this fact makes it fundamentally important. The absence of the norms directly aimed at the protection of national minorities in the catalog of rights guaranteed by the European Convention on Human Rights (1950) cannot but affects the efficient application of the mechanism of the European Court by national minorities. However, the link between human rights violations and minority rights allows the latter to fight for the restoration of individual human rights protected by the European Convention, which undoubtedly plays a positive role in the context of the protection of collective minority rights. Keywords: national minorities, periodization, universal system for the protection of human rights, Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities, ECHR.
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Savage, Jason, Chloe Hooke, John Orchard i Richard Parkinson. "The Incidence of Concussion in a Professional Australian Rugby League Team, 1998–2012". Journal of Sports Medicine 2013 (2013): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/304576.
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Background. Rugby league is a physically demanding team sport and the National Rugby League is the highest-level competition of rugby league in Australia. Frequent tackles and collisions between players result in a high incidence of injury to players. Concussion injuries have been the source of much debate, with reporting varying greatly depending on the definition used.Method. Injury records of 239 players from one professional National Rugby League were analysed during a continuous period of 15 years, with particular interest in the incidence and recurrence of concussions and the change in incidence over time.Result. A total of 191 concussions were recorded, affecting 90 players. The incidence of concussion injuries was found to be 28.33 per 1000 player match hours, with an increase over time (P=0.0217). Multiple concussions were recorded for 51 players.Conclusion. A statistically significant increase in the incidence of concussion injuries was found, without a concurrent increase in the number of head injuries or total injuries. New rules which mandate removal of players from the field may be beneficial for protection of players on the long term, although they risk being counterproductive, if they make players less likely to report their symptoms during matches.
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Caron, Jeffrey G., Gordon A. Bloom, Karen M. Johnston i Catherine M. Sabiston. "Effects of Multiple Concussions on Retired National Hockey League Players". Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology 35, nr 2 (kwiecień 2013): 168–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jsep.35.2.168.
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The purpose of this study was to understand the meanings and lived experiences of multiple concussions in professional hockey players using hermeneutic, idiographic, and inductive approaches within an interpretative phenomenological analysis. The interviewer was an athlete who had suffered multiple concussions, and the interviewees were five former National Hockey League athletes who had retired due to medically diagnosed concussions suffered during their careers. The men discussed the physical and psychological symptoms they experienced as a result of their concussions and how the symptoms affected their professional careers, personal relationships, and quality of life. The former professional athletes related these symptoms to the turmoil that is ever present in their lives. These findings are of interest to athletes, coaches, sport administrators, family members, sport psychology practitioners, and medical professionals, as they highlight the severity of short- and long-term effects of concussions.
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Bauchrowicz-Tocka, Maria. "Posłanki – liderki Ligi Kobiet (na wybranym przykładzie)". Czasopismo Naukowe Instytutu Studiów Kobiecych, nr 1(10) (2021): 127–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.15290/cnisk.2021.01.10.06.
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The article presents the participation in parliamentary work of the co-founder and activist of the League of Women, MP of the National National Council, the Legislative Sejm and the Sejm of the first term of office Maria Jaszczukowa. The MP was the rapporteur for the abortion law adopted in 1956 and became its “media face”. Sejm speeches by Jaszczukowa also concerned issues in the field of family law, social matters, and professional activity of women. The solutions and legal regulations proposed by her from the parliamentary tribunal harmonized with the program of the Women’s League. The question of the real effectiveness and influence of the League’s deputies on the government’s policy at the time remains unanswered.
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DEGTYAREV, Serhii, i Yevhen SAMOILENKO. "LEAGUE OF NATIONS AND PROTECTION OF NATIONAL MINORITIES IN EASTERN EUROPEAN STATES (1919 – 1946)". Східноєвропейський історичний вісник, nr 12 (5.09.2019): 94–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.24919/2519-058x.12.177549.
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II, Robert W. Turner, Robert Turner, Amanda Sonnega, Tim Cupery, Evelyn Bush, Teri Rosales i James S. Jackson. "RELIGIOUS ATTENDANCE, SOCIAL SUPPORT, AND SELF-RATED HEALTH IN FORMER NATIONAL FOOTBALL LEAGUE ATHLETES". Innovation in Aging 3, Supplement_1 (listopad 2019): S619. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igz038.2306.
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Abstract Concern exists about the health and well-being of football players, yet little research exists on the psychosocial risk and protective factors of NFL athletes’ well-being. This study assesses the role of religious attendance, social support, and self-rated health in former NFL athletes. Data comes from a stratified, random sample of 1,063 former NFL players. A set of nested linear regression models evaluated the relationship between self-rated health status and two indices of social support (family and friends) and attendance at religious services. Frequent attendance at religious services (β=0.19, p<.01), support from family (β=0.06, p<.05), and support from friends (β=0.06, p<.01) are positively and significantly related to better self-rated health. The ability to get out of the house did not affect these associations. However, the pain symptoms index fully accounted for any positive effect of family support and religious attendance in self-rated health.
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Cobo, Marenglen. "The Juridical Position of Greek Minorities in Albania". European Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies 3, nr 3 (19.05.2017): 113. http://dx.doi.org/10.26417/ejis.v3i3.p113-118.
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Greek minority played an important role in the life and formation of the Albanian State. This minority has been concentrated mainly in the south of the country, more specifically in the border areas between Albania and Greece. The role of this minority has been important not only in the cultural development but also in the affirmation of the Albanian State. The Greek minority has been known legally as a national minority in 1921 when Albania was accepted in the League of Nations as a sovereign state with full rights. The admission to this international organisation was conditional upon the signing of a document in which Albania committed to recognise and guarantee full rights to minorities living in its territory. This document entitled "declaration on the protection of minorities in Albania" would force the Albanian State to submit detailed reports to the League of Nations about the situation of the minorities in the country. All minorities within the country lost their status after the end of the Second World War, during the Communist regime of Enver Hoxha. After the collapse of communism and the advent of democracy, minority rights were affirmed not only in the Albanian jurisdiction but also by several international agreements, such as the Convention of the Council of Europe for Protection of National Minorities. The actual judicial system in Albania guarantees national minorities equal rights with the Albanian population and, simultaneously, allows the preservation of their national identity.
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Cobo, Marenglen. "The Juridical Position of Greek Minorities in Albania". European Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies 8, nr 1 (19.05.2017): 113. http://dx.doi.org/10.26417/ejis.v8i1.p113-118.
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Greek minority played an important role in the life and formation of the Albanian State. This minority has been concentrated mainly in the south of the country, more specifically in the border areas between Albania and Greece. The role of this minority has been important not only in the cultural development but also in the affirmation of the Albanian State. The Greek minority has been known legally as a national minority in 1921 when Albania was accepted in the League of Nations as a sovereign state with full rights. The admission to this international organisation was conditional upon the signing of a document in which Albania committed to recognise and guarantee full rights to minorities living in its territory. This document entitled "declaration on the protection of minorities in Albania" would force the Albanian State to submit detailed reports to the League of Nations about the situation of the minorities in the country. All minorities within the country lost their status after the end of the Second World War, during the Communist regime of Enver Hoxha. After the collapse of communism and the advent of democracy, minority rights were affirmed not only in the Albanian jurisdiction but also by several international agreements, such as the Convention of the Council of Europe for Protection of National Minorities. The actual judicial system in Albania guarantees national minorities equal rights with the Albanian population and, simultaneously, allows the preservation of their national identity.
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Jackson, Nicole, Asia Thompson, Minyong Lee, Jerono Rotich i Tiffany Fuller. "Impact of spectator motivation on long-term sustainability for women’s basketball league". Journal of Human Sciences 14, nr 1 (23.02.2017): 519. http://dx.doi.org/10.14687/jhs.v14i1.4202.
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As the league prepares for its 20th season, the Women's National Basketball Association (WNBA) has experienced some highs and some lows. The purpose of this study was to understand spectator motivation and to assess new strategies that the league could use to better improve the overall product of the game itself. How can the WNBA expand its fan base to help generate enough revenue that can ensure the league can support itself financially? In order to better understand people's attitudes towards the WNBA, we conducted an online survey that we then submitted on social media for people to express their thoughts on what they liked about the league and what they would like to see implemented in the future. The results from our surveys (N=93) showed that the majority of our participants were satisfied with the overall product the WNBA has to offer (affordability and family-oriented atmosphere), yet, it still lacked a certain "excitement" factor that would make the participant want to personally watch or attend a game. We concluded that in order for the league to truly flourish and gain the recognition and financial success it deserves, league executives should consider incorporating new, innovative ideas that can breathe new life into the league for the next 20 years.
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Jelakovic, Bojan, Valerija Bralic Lang, Mirjana Fucek, Ana Jelakovic, Josipa Josipovic, Marija Domislovic, Krunoslav Capak i Marija Bubas. "SURVEY ON DETERMINATION OF ALBUMINURIA BY FAMILY PHYSICIANS". Journal of Hypertension 42, Suppl 1 (maj 2024): e150. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.hjh.0001020864.92000.8e.
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Objective: Albuminuria is an established marker of cardiovascular (CV) risk which has a role in pathogenesis of cardio-renal diseases, and it is questioned whether it should also be a therapy target. In all relevant guidelines it is listed as a routine laboratory method for all patients with hypertension and increased CV risk regardless they have diabetes or not. Croatian Hypertension League successfully negotiated with Croatian National Health Insurance company, and since last February determination of albumin-to-creatinine ratio - ACR is reimbursed for all patients with hypertension, and not only hospital specialist, but also family physicians (FP) are allowed to use this method. We announced this important novelty through our newsletters, website and media. The aim was to analyze how this method was implemented by family physicians in regular work. Design and method: A digital structured questionnaire was prepared and placed at the website of the Croatian Hypertension League. Using our regular monthly newsletter, we have invited FP, members of the League to participate in this survey. So far, 135 FP participated (83.7% women) from all parts of Croatia. Results: All physicians believe that determination of ACR is very important. Before this survey, 34% have not heard about this possibility, and from those who were informed 31% have not yet started. The most important reason was incapability of local laboratory (51%) followed by the answer that they have not had proper patient for these analyses (17.8%). When asked whether their laboratory provide them with values of estimated glomerular filtration rate, 51% answered negatively. Conclusions: Croatian Hypertension League made a big step forward enabling determination of ACR for all hypertensive patients by all physicians. However, there are still several gaps which should be eliminated. One is increasing awareness of FP and encouraging them to determine ACR more frequently, and the other one is to convince medical biochemistries to allow regular determination of ACR in all laboratories, but also of reporting eGFR. Survey, like this are very important and could be helpful in reaching final success, and we will use results for evidence-based negotiation with Croatian Biochemistry Chamber.
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Fiderewicz, Zbigniew. "ROLA „LIGI POLSKICH MIAST I MIEJSC UNESCO” W OCHRONIE DZIEDZICTWA KULTUROWEGO". Protection of Cultural Heritage, nr 4 (29.11.2017): 163–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.24358/odk_2017_04_15.
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„League of Polish Cities and UNESCO Sites” [„Liga Polskich Miast i Miejsc UNESCO”] was founded in 2004, on the 2nd Forum of Polish Cities and UNESCO Sites in Jawor. The League was established by local government representatives and curators of Polish UNESCO List Sites. In 2005 the Local Tourist Organisation Association „League of Polish Cities and UNESCO Sites” was set up, which was officially registered in and started to operate 2006. The League is located in Toruń, and it has its registered office in the Toruń City Hall.The statutory objective of the League is to initiate and support actions aimed at maintaining in good condition Polish cities and sites inscribed in the World Heritage List, ensuring their proper use and promotion. According to the League, a model action guaranteeing conditions for proper protection of UNESCO sites is the creation of dedicated funds, similar to the National Fund for the Revaluation of Historic Buildings and Monuments in Krakow, with an annual amount of funds granted from the budget of the Chancellery of the President of the Republic of Poland. Similar actions could be undertaken with regard to the Historic Monuments.In 2012 the League established a financial support scheme, financed from its own funds, in the form of a grant for the purpose of pursuance of the Association’s statutory tasks, in particular financing necessary investments in conservation work, restoration works and other works carried out on sites inscribed in the UNESCO World Heritage List.
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Waldie, Augusta. "Contesting an Elastic Constitution: British Nationality and Protection in the Mandates". Britain and the World 16, nr 2 (wrzesień 2023): 168–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/brw.2023.0407.
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Current studies of British citizenship and nationality neglect the development of legal frameworks prior to the Second World War. A growing body of literature, invigorated by the 2017 Windrush scandal, charts the collapse of imperial citizenship as a dimension of British decolonisation from the 1960s onwards. In contrast, this article analyses how the British empire’s framework of national belonging became strained during the early 1920s, as Dominion leaders increasingly asserted their own sense of statehood and the League of Nations mandates system introduced new forms of imperial rule. The article considers General Jan Smuts’ decision to afford British naturalisation to 7,000 German colonists residing in the mandate of South-West Africa. League officials argued that Smuts’ scheme undermined the anti-annexationist ‘spirit’ of the Covenant, because mass naturalisation represented a practical declaration of South African sovereignty in the mandate. Meanwhile, British mandarins in the Home, Colonial, and Foreign Offices believed Smuts’ policy would destabilise the empire’s constitutional distinctions between territorial zones of formal and informal imperial governance. They also feared it would inspire subaltern inhabitants of other British-protected foreign spaces, especially mandatory Palestine and the Indian princely states, to similarly demand naturalisation in order to claim stronger legal rights for themselves as British subjects. Ultimately, Smuts leveraged his political stature to secure British and League consent for his plan. To maintain a façade of constitutional coherence and metropolitan control, Whitehall mandarins recast Smuts’ naturalisation scheme as an imperial anomaly. Non-European inhabitants of the British mandates, and the wider informal empire, were granted the uncodified, indeterminate status of ‘British Protected Persons’ (BPPs). Recent scholarship has recognised BPP status as a form of de facto statelessness. Inter-war policymakers in the Home and Colonial Offices drew similar parallels, this article shows.
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Perkumienė, Dalia, Ahmet Atalay i Biruta Švagždienė. "Carbon Footprint Stemming from Ice Sports on the Turkey and Lithuanian Scale". Energies 16, nr 3 (2.02.2023): 1476. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16031476.
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The aim of this study is to calculate the average carbon footprint per capita from the transportation of the Ice Hockey League in Turkey and Lithuania in the 2021–2022 season. In addition, we identified the opinions of team managers of the national hockey leagues in Turkey and Lithuania regarding the problems and possible solutions related to the sustainable environment and persons’ right to a clean and safe environment in the sport sector. In this study, which was limited to the Turkish Ice Hockey Intercity Super League and the Lithuanian National Ice Hockey League in the 2021–2022 Season, eight teams from Turkey and five teams from Lithuania took part in the research. The type of vehicle used by each team and the total traveled distance were used for the collection of data. Interviews were conducted using a semi-structured interview format seeking to identify problems and solutions proposed by sports managers regarding environmental sustainability and the implementation of persons’ right to a clean and safe environment in the sport sector. Five managers from Turkey and two managers from Lithuania were randomly selected for the research. The average carbon footprint per person was calculated as 88.23 kg/CO2-e due to the travels of the Ice Hockey Super League teams participating in the 2021–2022 Season matches in Turkey. The average carbon footprint per capita was calculated as 0.5229 kg/CO2-e, as Ice Hockey Super League teams in the 2021–2022 Season traveled to participate in matches organized in Lithuania. For solving the above-mentioned problems, the sports experts offered recommendations such as energy saving, less waste generation and reducing water consumption in order to achieve the environmental protection goals of the sports leaders. Since both teams often travel due to the intense league schedules, the Ice Hockey Super League goal should be to reduce carbon emissions, especially those related to transportation. Energy conservation policies should also be implemented, and environmentally friendly practices should be emphasized.
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Nogarede, Justin. "Levelling the (Football) Field: Should Individuals Play by Free Movement Rules?" Legal Issues of Economic Integration 39, Issue 3 (1.08.2012): 381–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/leie2012022.
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This case note considers joined cases C-403/08 and C-429/08 (FAPL v. Pub Landlords), in which the CJEU (Grand Chamber) dealt with the exclusive licensing system of the Football Association Premier League for the broadcasting of football matches. The exclusive licensing arrangements were found to infringe EU law on two counts. First, they restrict the freedom to provide services ex Article 56 TFEU, which cannot be justified by either the protection of copyright or the promotion of live attendance at football matches. Second, the licensing scheme infringes Article 101 TFEU as it amounts to absolute territorial protection for the individual broadcasters in their respective national markets.
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Dedurin, G. G. "International legal determination of the national minorities’ status in the Central and Eastern European countries within the Versailles system". Bulletin of Kharkiv National University of Internal Affairs 97, nr 2 (30.06.2022): 269–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.32631/v.2022.2.24.
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Peculiarities of the international legal status determination of the national minorities within the Versailles system have been studied using the example of a number of Central and Eastern European countries. The governments of Czechoslovakia, Poland, and Hungary were asked, based on the norms of international law, to develop appropriate provisions for the protection of the rights of national minorities in order to prevent new conflicts and threats to peace.
The system of treaties, declarations and agreements, which were supposed to ensure the observance of the rights of national minorities and whose guarantor was the League of Nations, has been analyzed. In practice, this was embodied in giving minorities the right to submit petitions to the Council or Assembly of the League of Nations, as well as in the activities of the Permanent Chamber of International Justice. The right to submit petitions was used at different times by representatives of the Ruthenian minority in Czechoslovakia, the Russian minority in Eastern Galicia, the Jewish minority in Hungary, the German minority in Poland, etc.
The weaknesses of this system have been identified, which prevented the creation of effective international mechanisms for the protection of the rights of national minorities in the specified regions of Europe. In particular, it has been emphasized that the majority of treaties, conventions, treatises, etc. were openly sabotaged by the countries that were supposed to fulfill them. The governments of the countries of Central and Eastern Europe considered the proposed system unequal, because its conditions did not apply to a number of other multinational states that had similar problems. Conflict situations surrounding the problem of national minorities continued to arise. They were caused by various factors: from divided loyalties and irredentist movements to manifestations of governmental and social discrimination.
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Shen, April Chiung-Tao, Joyce Yen Feng, Jui-Ying Feng, Hsi-Sheng Wei, Yi-Ping Hsieh, Soar Ching-Yu Huang i Hsiao-Lin Hwa. "Who Gets Protection? A National Study of Multiple Victimization and Child Protection Among Taiwanese Children". Journal of Interpersonal Violence 34, nr 17 (5.10.2016): 3737–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0886260516670885.
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This study aims to examine the prevalence of multiple types of child victimization and the effects of multiple types of victimization on children’s mental health and behavior in Taiwan. The study also examines the child-protection rate and its correlates among children experiencing various types of victimization. This study collected data with a self-report questionnaire from a national proportionately stratified sample of 6,233 fourth-grade students covering every city and county in Taiwan in 2014. After calculating the 1-year prevalence of child victimization, the study found that bullying was the most prevalent (71%), followed by physical neglect (66%), psychological violence (43%), inter-parental violence (28%), community violence (22%), physical abuse (21%), and sexual violence (9%). As the number of victimization types increased, children were more likely to report greater posttraumatic symptoms, psychiatric symptoms, suicide ideation, self-harm thoughts, and violent behaviors. Gender, neonatal status, parental marital status, and other family risks were significantly associated with elevated incidences of the victimization types. Only 20.6% of the children who had experienced all seven types of victimization had received child protective services. A child was more likely to receive child protective services if he or she had experienced sexual violence, community violence, inter-parental violence exposure, higher family risks, higher suicidal ideation, or living in a single-parent or separated family. In conclusion, this study demonstrates the cumulative effects and the harmful effects that children’s experience of multiple types of victimization can have on the children’s mental health and behavior. The present findings also raise alarms regarding the severity of under-serving in child-victimization cases. These results underscore the importance of assessing, identifying, and helping children with multiple victimization experiences.
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Leszczyński, Paweł A. "System ochrony mniejszości narodowych i wyznaniowych w powersalskiej Europie Środkowej jako instrument modernizacji prawno-politycznej". Rocznik Instytutu Europy Środkowo-Wschodniej 21, nr 3 (grudzień 2023): 215–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.36874/riesw.2023.3.11.
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The research objective of this article is to address the question of whether, and if so, to what extent, the system of protection of national and religious minorities created after World War I under the League of Nations, covering only some of its member states, was an instrument of modernization of the states obliged to this protection? Modernization in the legal sense – in relation to legal solution the guarantee the rights of minorities and in the political sense – did it serve the peaceful coexistence of various national and religious groups within these countries and prevented the separatist tendencies manifested by some of the minorities? Have legal solutions been reflected in political practice? The article refers to the analysis of scientific literature and the analysis of the so called Little Treaty of Versailles of 1919 and the legal and comparative study of other legal acts. The territorial scope of the research covers: Poland, Czechoslovakia, Austria and Hungary. The temporal range covers the years 1918-1939. The obtained research result does not allow to give an unambiguously affirmative answer to the question whether the post – Versailles system of protection of national and religious minorities contributed to the legal and political modernization in the described countries.
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Moroșteș, Anca Florina. "Protection of Private, Family, and Intimate Lives". Journal of Legal Studies 32, nr 6 (2.11.2023): 154–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/jles-2023-0018.
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Abstract The Constitutional Court of Romania (CCR) holds an essential position in guaranteeing the observance of human rights within the country’s constitutional and legal framework. Through its attribution to interpret and verify the compliance of laws with the Constitution, the CCR has built a vast and particularly significant caselaw regarding the individual’s fundamental rights. By studying the Constitutional Court of Romania’s judicial practice in the field of human rights, we can examine how fundamental rights are interpreted and implemented in the national legal system. In this regard, the CCR plays a vital role in ensuring the protection and promotion of these rights by interpreting the Constitution and applicable legislation in accordance with international standards. It is important to highlight that the CCR’s human rights caselaw reflects the constant attempt to ensure a balance between the individual’s and society’s interests, protecting fundamental rights in accordance with the principles of the rule of law and international standards in the field. Through the analysis of concrete cases and constitutional interpretation, the CCR strengthens its essential role in human rights promotion and defense in Romania.
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Bachynski, Kathleen E. "Too Rough for Bare Heads: The Adoption of Helmets and Masks in North American Ice Hockey, 1959–79". Sport History Review 51, nr 1 (1.05.2020): 25–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/shr.2019-0026.
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On November 1, 1959, a flying hockey puck broke the nose of goalie Jacques Plante. Thereafter, he insisted on wearing a face mask, a decision that signaled a broader introduction of safety equipment into North American ice hockey. This paper examines how head and facial protection became a standard requirement for playing hockey in North America at amateur and professional levels of the sport. During the mid-twentieth century, national governing bodies confronted growing safety concerns amid rising participation in organized hockey. Yet in the absence of league-wide mandates, players generally did not sustain helmet use. From the 1950s through the 1970s, masks for goalies and helmets and facial protection for skaters were mandated to protect against injuries. In the context of contemporary concussion concerns, the history of debates over hockey head and face protection illustrates the array of social, cultural, and organizational factors behind measures to protect athletes’ health.
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Suksi, Markku. "Explaining the Robustness and Longevity of the Åland Example in Comparison with Other Autonomy Solutions". International Journal on Minority and Group Rights 20, nr 1 (2013): 51–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15718115-02001004.
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The Åland Islands Settlement of 1921 before the League of Nations confirmed the domestic autonomy arrangement of 1920 in a conflict resolution context and at the same time added some special rights that the inhabitants of the Åland Islands would be allowed to enjoy. The international guarantees for the Swedish character of the islands have been changed in several respects over the years, either by the legislative assembly of the Åland Islands or by the Parliament of Finland with the consent of the legislative assembly of Åland. Although the international guarantee through the League of Nations disappeared through the dissolution of the organisation, the protection afforded by the international guarantee has actually continued. The autonomy of Åland can be placed in a group of autonomies together with a relatively large number of other similar entities, distinguishable from federal forms of organisation. The autonomy of Åland is strong because there is a clear distribution of competence between the national law-maker and the law-maker of Åland and because national law does not preempt or supersede legislation of the Åland Islands. The fact that this autonomy arrangement has existed in a national democratic environment that takes seriously not only its international commitments but also its own domestic commitments is probably a factor that strongly contributes to the robustness and longevity of the autonomy arrangement.
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Bense Othero, PhD Marilia, Gabriela Zeoti Silva, Jheniffer Gonzaga Ferreira, Leticia Rodrigues Viana, Samanta Della Passe, MD Gabriel Taricani Kubota i hD Manoel Jacobsen Teixeira. "Occupational therapy and chronic pain - the didactic experience at academic pain league at the University of São Paulo medical school". Hospice & Palliative Medicine International Journal 7, nr 2 (16.05.2024): 39–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.15406/hpmij.2024.07.00237.
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Occupational Therapy interventions for people with chronic pain focus on promoting independence/autonomy and rescuing meaningful activities (interrupted after the limitations brought about by illness). Various strategies can be used, such as: guidance on energy conservation and joint protection techniques, prescription and/or manufacture of positioning devices, prescription and/or manufacture of assistive technology equipment, development of creative and expressive activities, training activities of daily living, environmental assessment, guidance for family members and caregivers. This article aims to present the implementation of the Occupational Therapy Service at the FMUSP Pain League, developed since 2023. The work focused on implementing Occupational Therapy as one of the professions that make up the FMUSP Pain League, on a permanent and continuous basis; and, in addition, allow undergraduates teaching opportunities (theoretical and practical) related to the multidisciplinary care of people with chronic pain, as well as promoting research actions in the area of Occupational Therapy and Chronic Pain. In OT, a student and the supervising teacher work, together with the multidisciplinary team. Activities are weekly and take place at night. Remote and in-service supervision is carried out. The implementation took place in 3 stages. In the first stage, we sought to understand the dynamics of the league, as well as characterize the patients and their specific demands, through participant observation. The second stage was structured around the specific OT intervention; evaluations of league users were carried out, with the application of evaluation and recording instruments. The third stage focused on monitoring patients and families, with new assessments carried out when necessary. Interventions follows through individual plan care, family guidance, development of educational material, prescription and/or production of assistive technology devices. The service uses a specific evolution form and the data feeds into a service database. We consider that the results obtained are satisfactory, as theoretical and practical learning was possible for the participating student. Currently, Occupational Therapy is already part of the League's routine activities, with participation in the Introductory Course, in the Board of Directors and in planning activities for 2024.
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Pastuszko, Grzegorz. "Protection of Families in National Constitutions, in Particular in the Polish Constitution". Central European Journal of Comparative Law 3, nr 1 (22.02.2022): 161–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.47078/2022.1.161-175.
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This article aims to present the familyꞌs legal status in light of constitutional solutions in force in selected European countries, with particular emphasis on Polish regulations. The author aims to present a wide range of regulations functioning in Europe, and at the same time, highlight the similarities and differences between individual countries. An important element of this study is the consideration of Polish legislation, which is to familiarize readers with basic information on the legal situation of Polish families and at the same time show them where the regulations in force in the Republic of Poland fit into European standards, and in which they are original. The article covers the following issues: the constitutional protection of the family, way of understanding the role of the family in society and the state, problem of the constitutional definition of the family, definition of marriage, exercise of parental authority, and legal status of children.
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Gravers, Mikael. "Preparing the Coup in Myanmar: The Military's Strategy for Undermining the National League for Democracy Government". Journal of Burma Studies 27, nr 2 (2023): 361–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/jbs.2023.a902625.
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Abstract: The military coup February 1, 2021, in Myanmar came as a surprise for many observers. This article argues that the Constitution of 2008 has the script for a future coup should the military lose power and control over civil society, state administration, and the political process. Since 2015, Senior General Min Aung Hlaing has warned of the "disintegration of the main national causes" meaning that national unity, protection of race, and Buddhism, and the Tatmadaw's leading role was in danger. He constantly referred to the emergency clauses in the constitution. After 2015, Western media focused on the "democratic transition" but tended to overlook how the military undermined Daw Aung San Suu Kyi's government. Since 2017, they have blamed Daw Suu for the military's atrocities and eviction of the Rohingya. The article analyzes how the military network destabilized the civilian government, using examples from Karen State to illustrate that process.
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Kolesnikov, A. Y., i L. Nasandratra. "FEATURES OF REGULATION OF MARRIAGE AND FAMILY RELATIONS ON THE AFRICAN CONTINENT". Ex jure, nr 3 (2020): 108–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.17072/2619-0648-2020-3-108-121.
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Annotation: this article examines the concepts of “traditional family” and “traditional family values” on the example of families of the African continent, the features of family legislation of families in Africa and the degree of their “traditionality”. The author analyzes the conditions necessary to ensure the protection of the interests of traditional forms of family relations, which are opposed to liberal concepts of the family, threatening the classical form of marriage and the most common method of family organization. Vectors of possible development of institutions for the protection of the “traditional family” and “traditional societies” are determined. The article substantiates the need to strengthen mechanisms for the protection of “traditional family values” not only by reforming national legislation, but also by adopting international law. An assessment of the impact of various factors on the preservation of traditional societies in the modern world is given. Special attention is paid to the analysis of the influence of economic factors and religion on the protection of traditional family values.
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Ainsworth, Frank, i John Berger. "Family Inclusive Child Protection Practice: The History of the Family Inclusion Network and Beyond". Children Australia 39, nr 2 (21.05.2014): 60–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cha.2014.1.
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This article records briefly the history of the Family Inclusion Network as an organisation that promotes family inclusive child protection practice. Since its inception in Queensland in 2006, Family Inclusion Network organisations have been formed elsewhere and now exist in Western Australia, South Australia, Victoria, Tasmania, Australian Capital Territory and New South Wales. In 2010, developments at a national level saw the formation of the Family Inclusion Network Australia. Most organisations are incorporated and some have achieved charitable status. Each organisation endorses a common set of aims and objectives. There are, however, differences in terms of whether state or territory organisations accept government funding or not, are staffed by professionals or rely entirely on volunteer personnel, and have a capacity or otherwise to provide direct casework services to parents. Some state organisations focus on information and advice services, and legislative and policy reform efforts. All have telephone advice lines and a webpage presence. This article also focuses on a code of ethics for child protection practice and on the contribution parents can make to child protection services, and their rights to do so.
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Fontana, Sina. "MIGRATION MANAGEMENT WITHIN FAMILY REUNIFICATION". Administrative law and process, nr 4 (27) (2019): 47–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2227-796x.2019.4.05.
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Family reunification is one of the purposes of stay within the Residence Act. The granting of the residence permit is fundamentally designed as a claim and must be granted if the requirements are met. In the course of ongoing forced migration, family reunification has become the focus of debates for ways to limit refugee migration. Since Article 6, Paragraphs 1 and 2 of the German Basic Law on the protection of marriage and family do not give rise to a right to entry, although its scope of protection must be taken into account when designing regulations on family reunification, the legislative scope for action is limited. The German legislature has decided that family reunification should be limited for persons with subsidiary protection status. Subsidiary protection is an element of protection that is shaped by EU law, which occurs alongside national asylum law and refugee protection, which is also shaped by EU law. Different requirements apply to these protective elements. Upon recognition, a humanitarian residence permit is issued, which differs in length depending on the protection status. While in the case of recognition as a person entitled to asylum or refugee status, the residence permit is initially issued for a period of one year, the duration in the case of subsidiary protection is only one year. In all cases there is the possibility of an extension. This different length of stay and the lower prospect of staying are the starting point for the restriction of family reunification for persons entitled to subsidiary protection in Section 36a of the Residence Act. As specified in the regulation as an example, family members of a person with subsidiary protection status can be granted a residence permit for the humanitarian reasons. The family reunification is now made dependent on the existence of further prerequisites in addition to family ties and is also designed not as a right but as a discretionary clause. In addition, the number of visas is limited to 1000 per month. Concerns about this restriction of family reunification were raised, in terms of possible violation of Article 6 Paragraphs 1 and 2 and Article 3 Paragraph 1 (Equality before the law) of the German Basic Law. Based on this, the following article carries out a constitutional analysis.
31
Fink, Carole. "Minority Rights as an International Question". Contemporary European History 9, nr 3 (listopad 2000): 385–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0960777300003052.
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In response to the atrocities committed during and after the First World War and the need to create a stable east European settlement, the diplomats in Paris constructed the world's first system of international protection for minorities. The League of Nations, charged with the enforcement of the Minority Treaties, set up a cautious ‘political’ system, which failed either to shield minorities or pacify their governments. No international system was revived after the Second World War, but since the fall of communism, Europe – looking forward to the future as well as back to the past – has organised new supranational institutions to protect endangered religious and national groups.
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Amry, Muh Ardila, A. M. Rido Ariefianto i Novi Edyanto. "Analysis of Child Protection as Victims of Family Exploitation". International Journal of Research and Review 11, nr 2 (17.02.2024): 316–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.52403/ijrr.20240233.
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The protection of children must be endeavoured in the various spheres of life and life of the state, society, and family according to the law for the rightful treatment, fairness, and well-being of children protecting children is protecting human beings, and building humanity as a whole. The essence of rational development is Indonesian human development that is entirely noble. Ignoring the protection of children can result in a variety of social problems that impede law enforcement, security, and national development. In this study, the researchers used the method of literature study/ library study. The protection of children is not in difficult and vulnerable circumstances so that it needs to be protected, but enters the wider area of child welfare both socially, economically and culturally and even politically. The right of a child to freedom of expression and access to information constitutes an integral part of the expansion of the rights and protection of the child. Keywords: children, protection, exploited, family
33
Nasrawin, Laith K. "Protection against Domestic Violence in Jordanian Law and International Conventions". Arab Law Quarterly 31, nr 4 (6.11.2017): 363–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15730255-12314047.
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Abstract This article addresses the issue of protection against domestic violence in both Jordanian law and international conventions. It does so by defining domestic violence and its various causes and by exploring the relevant global standards and best international practices for combating it. The article also deals with the reality of protection against domestic violence in Jordan by referring to the special protection of the family and to the related follow-up by national and governmental institutions, and the relevant national standards. The Law Regarding Protection from Domestic Violence (Law No. 6/2008) contains protective provisions and other treatments to reduce this phenomenon, but it fails to provide optimal protection against domestic violence. The article proposes a set of recommendations to improve national standards for protection against domestic violence so that Jordan’s laws concerning protection against domestic violence conform to international standards.
34
Enari, Dion, i Sierra Keung. "Cultural Pride: Exploring Indigenous athlete culture and wellbeing". MAI Journal: A New Zealand Journal of Indigenous Scholarship 11, nr 1 (23.11.2022): 78–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.20507/maijournal.2022.11.1.7.
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Indigenous people are over-represented as professional players in many sporting codes, and recently a trend has developed whereby Indigenous athletes are choosing to play internationally for their heritage nations as opposed to the top-tier countries they reside in. With regard to rugby league and rugby union, many of these athletes are Pasifika who have had minimal exposure to their heritage nations, being born and raised in, for example, Aotearoa New Zealand, Australia or the United States. Nevertheless, this cohort is increasingly choosing to play for their heritage nations, despite the substantial cut in pay and available resources this decision entails. Throughout this commentary, these athletes are not viewed as mere individuals. Instead, we acknowledge their relationality—that is, the fact that they are intertwined in collective networks of family and nationhood. As researchers from the Pasifika community, we explore the factors which contribute to Pasifika athletes choosing to play for their heritage nations. By analysing the rise of Mate Ma‘a Tonga, Tonga’s national rugby league team, we aim to gain a deeper understanding of the cultural pride—the connection to family and heritage nation—that drives these athletes to play for this team, and the subsequent implications for wellbeing and performance.
35
Novotný, Lukas. "Sudeten German Party Complaint to the League of Nations and the Situation of the German Minority in Czechoslovakia". Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. History 66, nr 4 (2021): 1177–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/11701/spbu02.2021.409.
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The ethnic problem had never before been such a pressing issue at the international level as it was in the initial post-war years, in particular, in the areas of Central and Southeast Europe. Based on post-war negotiations, the idea of international protection of national minorities was born, which was closely connected with the system of peace treaties concluded with defeated states. The submitted study uses unpublished sources of Czechoslovak (National Archives in Prague, Archives of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs in Prague) and British (National Archives in Kew) provenance, published sources and specialist publications to look at the complaints of national minorities to the League of Nations during the 1930s; specifically — at the petition of the Sudeten German Party in Czechoslovakia in 1936, which concerned an instruction from the Ministry of National Defence to companies intending to apply for state contracts about the ethnic composition of their employees. It uses this example to demonstrate the instrumental nature of Sudeten German Party policy, showing that it did not represent a real attempt at improving the living conditions for the German minority in the First Czechoslovak Republic but rather was a deliberate effort to increase the visibility of the political entity and to internationalize the issue of the cohabitation of Czechs and Germans in interwar Czechoslovakia. The study also demonstrates that another objective of the Sudeten German Party was to attract attention from Great Britain, which had been avoiding significant engagement in Central Europe.
36
de la Torre Llorente, Daniel. "Conservation Status of the Family Orchidaceae in Spain Based on European, National, and Regional Catalogues of Protected Species". Scientific World Journal 2018 (2018): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/7958689.
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This report reviews the European, National, and Regional catalogues of protected species, focusing specifically on the Orchidaceae family to determine which species seem to be well-protected and where they are protected. Moreover, this examination highlights which species appear to be underprotected and therefore need to be included in some catalogues of protection or be catalogued under some category of protection. The national and regional catalogues that should be implemented are shown, as well as what species should be included within them. This report should be a helpful guideline for environmental policies about orchid’s conservation in Spain, at least at the regional and national level. Around 76% of the Spanish orchid flora are listed with any figure of protection or included in any red list, either nationally (about 12–17%) or regionally (72%).
37
Basch, Corey H., William D. Kernan i Rachel Reeves. "Family fun or cultural free-for-all? A critique of the 2015 National Football League Super Bowl commercials". Health Promotion Perspectives 6, nr 1 (31.03.2016): 37–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.15171/hpp.2016.06.
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Polishchuk, M. "Family law mechanism for protection of legal expectations of family members". Uzhhorod National University Herald. Series: Law, nr 67 (16.01.2022): 97–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.24144/2307-3322.2021.67.19.
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The article considers the concept of "legitimate expectations" and explains the elements of the family law mechanism for protecting the legitimate expectations of family members. The national legal literature on the use of the term "legitimate expectations" is analyzed and various translations and understandings are established. It is justified that it is more appropriate to use the term "legitimate expectations", as legitimate expectations can be interpreted to a limited extent and only to the extent provided by law. It is proposed to consider the guarantee of legitimate expectations as a principle which is part of the rule of law and which, in principle, relates to the principles of legal certainty, equality, fairness and good faith..
In our opinion, a guarantee of legitimate expectations is a principle that is part of the rule of law and, in principle, is connected with the principles of legal definition, equality, justice and fairness.
The EU has repeatedly interpreted the concept of "legitimate expectations." In accordance with paragraphs 21 and 24 of a court decision in the case of Fedorenko against Ukraine, the right of ownership may be "existing property" or funds, including the requirements for which the plaintiff can justify them with at least "intelligent expectations" of the possibility of an effective right to right [7].
The understanding of legitimate expectations in the practice of the ECHR and the application of this concept of courts of Ukraine is investigated. The system of norms in the Family Code of Ukraine, aimed at protecting lawful expectations for the implementation of personal non-property and property rights by family members and other participants in family relations are revealed. It is established that legitimate expectations are not right, and is not interest. Interest is motivated to the emergence of law and lawful expectations, and legitimate expectations will precede the origin of the right and may arise in the course of the exercise of law as expecting a certain legitimate result. Family-legal mechanism for the protection of legitimate expectations of participants in family relations includes both institutional and legal elements. An analysis of the norms of the SC of Ukraine showed sufficient tools to protect and protect most lawful expectations of participants in family relations. At the same time, the priority of the lawful expectations of one participants in family relations (for example, a child), on the rightful expectations of other participants in such relations (for example, parents of the child)
39
Baranovska, T. S., E. V. Charchenko i D. Y. Kondratenko. "Collision aspects of the implementation of the right to marriage in private international law". Analytical and Comparative Jurisprudence, nr 2 (23.06.2023): 387–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.24144/2788-6018.2023.02.67.
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Regulation of relations of matrimony and family in international private law is one of the most difficult and intensively analyzed spheres in Ukrainian legal science. It is also important to pay attention to processes of unification and harmonization of this relations, that is happening now in Europe. It is essential to analyze and compare legislation of foreign countries in context of future implementation of some rules and institutes into national legislation. Any state is a warrant of the most of social rights, so it has an obligation to provide in legislative level mechanisms of protection of right of matrimony and family sphere. It is also more actual in context of increase of number of collisions of national and foreign rules that makes collision problems. Collision rules do not regulate relations of matrimony and family, they help to find connections with national law, that arise because of foreign element, so every state has its own national legislation, that regulates matrimony and family relations and in process of this regulation problems of collision happen. Compliance of requirements of legislation is always necessary for legal force of marriage, including marriage with foreign element. Collision rules of family law are quite a difficult institute of international private law, there are some rules of national law, that regulate this sphere, but there are also some collisions in matrimony relations, including realization of right for marriage. There are globalization and integration processes now, but there are some problems because of collisions, so states create conditions for regulation of relations of matrimony and family and understand necessity of approximation of national rules to international mechanisms, practice and processes of protection of rights and interests of participants of relations of matrimony and family.
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Danėlienė, Ingrida. "Who is Entitled to the Right to Respect for Family Life Under the European Union Law?" Teisė 110 (20.02.2019): 24–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/teise.2019.110.2.
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[full article, abstract in English; abstract in Lithuanian]
The article investigates the right to respect for family life, established by Article 7 of the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union, as applied and interpreted in conjunction with the right to marry and the right to found a family, laid down in Article 9 of the Charter. The standard of protection set by European Union law regarding these rights is identified by taking into account the standard of protection of the relevant rights established by the European Convention on Human Rights and the established case law of the European Court of Human Rights. Topical issues relating to the consolidation of these individual rights at the national level in the Republic of Lithuania are also addressed in the article. In doing so, an emphasis is laid on the content of the concepts of “family” and “family life” under supranational and national law.
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Koliada, Nataliia, i Tetiana Koliada. "FAMILY-TYPE CHILDREN’S HOME IN THE SYSTEM OF SOCIAL PROTECTION OF CHILDHOOD RIGHTS". Social work and social education, nr 2(11) (31.10.2023): 58–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.31499/2618-0715.2(11).2023.291867.
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The article reveals the role of the family-type orphanage in the system of social protection of childhood rights.The author summarized the theoretical aspects in the field of childhood protection and characterized the practical experience of the state and public sector of social protection regarding the creation of family forms of education. In particular, family-type children’s homes as an alternative form of family education.Practice has proven that the priority forms of placement of orphans and children deprived of parental care are family forms, in particular. The national system of social protection is based on Ukrainian and foreign experience in the field of childhood protection in general and placement of orphans and children deprived of parental care in particular. These issues are the task of the state and public sector of social protection in the field of childhood protection. Creation of family forms of education is a primary issue of public structures whose activities are aimed at social protection of childhood. Among others, the Foundation of the First Lady of Ukraine Olena Zelenska.Organization and operation of family-type children’s homes is not new in Ukraine. We have experience in creating such alternative forms of family care. However, in modern realities, in the conditions of Russian military aggression and related socio-economic and socio-political challenges, the issues of social protection of children and providing them with opportunities for full-fledged development and family comfort remain relevant.Among the promising directions of theoretical and practical developments in the field of development of family forms of upbringing in general and family-type children’s homes in particular, we single out the following: preparation of new families and their psychological support, overcoming the challenges faced by displaced families, the role of the community in supporting families, support for children with special needs and their families, preparation for the return of children from abroad, etc. The identified issues are the subject of further research with the aim of implementation in modern practice, formation and implementation of state policy in the field of social orphanhood prevention and childhood protection.
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Ilham, Rianza Naufalfalah. "Legal Aspects of Child Protection in the Perspective of National Law". QISTINA: Jurnal Multidisiplin Indonesia 2, nr 1 (1.06.2023): 701–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.57235/qistina.v2i1.480.
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Law Number 39 of 1999 concerning Human Rights in Chapter III Human Rights and Basic Human Freedoms in Part Ten regulates children's rights. The section entitled Rights of the Child provides regulatory provisions which are poured into 15 (fifteen) articles, where in Article 52 Paragraph (2) it is stated that children's rights are human rights and for the benefit of the child's rights are recognized and protected by law even since in the womb. The Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia in ensuring the welfare of every citizen, one of which is to provide protection for children's rights which is one of human rights. The Indonesian government in its efforts to guarantee and realize the protection and welfare of children is through the establishment of Law Number 23 of 2002 concerning Child Protection. Child Protection as referred to in Article 1 point 2 of the Law is all activities to guarantee and protect children and their rights so that they can live, grow, develop and participate optimally in accordance with human dignity and status, and receive protection from violence and discrimination. Legal protection and the concept of protection for children consist of several aspects including; protection of children's human rights and freedoms, protection of children in the judicial process, protection of children's welfare (in the family, educational and social environment), protection of children in cases of detention and deprivation of liberty, protection of children from all forms of exploitation (enslavement, child trafficking) , prostitution, pornography, trafficking/abuse of drugs, manipulating children in committing crimes and so on), protection of street children, protection of children from the effects of war/armed conflict, protection of children against acts of violence, special attention should be paid to children Problems with the Law (ABH) and the need for application and/or implementation of basic concepts for the protection of children's human rights.
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Smith, Daryl R., i Kimberly A. Hasselfeld. "Leadership Theory and Ownership Succession in the National Football League: The Case of the Cincinnati Bengals". Case Studies in Sport Management 13, nr 1 (1.01.2024): 9–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/cssm.2023-0029.
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The fans in Cincinnati are in an uproar. They have just witnessed another disappointing football season, the 23rd since Mike Brown became the owner of the team. Mike Brown’s tenure has been marked by historically poor performance with eight and nine straight game losing streaks to begin the season on multiple occasions. To make matters worse, this was the same number of seasons that his father and Hall of Famer, Paul Brown, owned the team. Where Paul Brown’s tenure had been marked by record ascendence to the playoffs and two Super Bowl trips, his son’s tenure was notable primarily for seasonal failure. In the minds of the fans and press, the two eras of ownership could not be more starkly different. Both are now calling for wholesale changes to the leadership or the sale of the team. Students should examine these claims and both eras of ownership using transformational and charismatic leadership theories, Collins’ Genius with a Thousand Helpers leadership model, and family-owned business succession perspectives. Do the fans and press have a right to be angry and demand a change in leadership?
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Clavin, Patricia. "The Ben Pimlott Memorial Lecture 2019—Britain and the Making of Global Order after 1919". Twentieth Century British History 31, nr 3 (3.05.2020): 340–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/tcbh/hwaa007.
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Abstract On the centenary of the Paris Peace Conference, the lecture explores Britain’s pivotal role in the development of a rules-based global order. It reveals how Britons fashioned the practices and norms of new international institutions, including the League of Nations, to manage relations between states, markets, and civil society. The lecture uncovers why economic, social, and environmental issues took on as much importance as the more familiar concerns of border protection and weapons’ control. It draws on the correspondence of key internationalists, including women and student activists, who wanted to institutionalize global order in a way that advanced the needs of women, children, and the family as the concern of global security, and shows how preference was given to business groups and central bankers. The lecture exposes the connected history of the First World War with the global order forged to build peace, underlining the important role of the blockade, and the multilateral relationships it engendered. It reveals how British dominance after 1919 encouraged it to use the League of Nations a multilateral hub to manage Britain’s relations with Europe and with its empire, and the legacy of this history for international relations in the twentieth and twenty-first centuries.
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Saliuk, P. "Place of judicial protection in the system of forms of protection of family rights and interests". Uzhhorod National University Herald. Series: Law 1, nr 72 (16.11.2022): 155–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.24144/2307-3322.2022.72.26.
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In the scientific article, the author conducted a scientific study of the place of judicial protection of family rights and interests in the system of forms of protection of relevant rights and interests. The author determined in the scientific article that the protection of family law or interest is the activity of the body, authorized to carry out the restoration of the violated or recognition of the disputed family right and interest of the participant of family relations, which is manifested in the application of protective measures to the participants of family relations, with the help of which the corresponding right or interest is renewed (recognized) - the so-called methods of protection; the form of protection is distinguished as the activity of the corresponding jurisdictional body, aimed at protecting the violated right, which has its own specificity, caused by the presence of a separate protection procedure, a special subject composition and special methods of protection that can be applied. In the family legal doctrine has developed several approaches to the classification of forms of protection of family rights and the interests of participants in family relations, which is manifested in the allocation of jurisdictional and non-jurisdictional forms of protection, judicial and administrative forms of protection, as well as the allocation of forms of protection depending on the body, which provides appropriate protection along with self-defense. The author determined that in the family legal doctrine, the allocation of judicial protection as a separate type of jurisdictional form of protection of family rights and interests prevails along with other types, the list of which may vary depending on whether the possibility of exercising jurisdictional protection of family rights and interests is recognized only by state bodies, or by local self-government bodies, as well as by entities authorized to perform legally significant actions on behalf of the state (lawyers, notaries, mediator, etc.). Based on the conducted research, the author came to the conclusion that that judicial protection is a universal form of protection of family rights and interests, which is characterized by the fact that it is carried out by a special state body - the court; takes place in the form prescribed by the civil procedural law by passing a court decision, which is final and has universal binding force, can be performed with the possibility of state coercion; can be implemented if the person who owns the right or interest, which is the object of protection, applied to the court with the corresponding demand using the appropriate procedural form within the limitation period; has exclusive competence on the most important issues of family relations; along with the national level of judicial protection, there is also an international one.
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Kim, Yeon-Yong, Hae-young Hong, Kyu-Dong Cho i Jong Heon Park. "Family tree database of the National Health Information Database in Korea". Epidemiology and Health 41 (1.10.2019): e2019040. http://dx.doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2019040.
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We constructed the family tree database (DB) by using a new family code system that can logically express interpersonal family relationships and by comparing and complementing health insurance eligibility data and resident register data of the National Health Information Database (NHID). In the family tree DB, Parents and grandparents are matched for more than 95% of those who were born between 2010 and 2017. Codes for inverse relationships and extended relationships are generated using sequences of the three-digit basic family codes. The family tree DB contains variables such as sex, birth year, family relations, and degree of kinship (maximum of 4) between subjects and family members. Using the family tree DB, we find that prevalence rates of hypertension, diabetes, ischemic heart disease, cerebrovascular disease, and cancer are higher for those with family history. The family tree DB may omit some relationships due to incomplete past data, and some family relations cannot be uniquely determined because the source data only contain relationships between head and members of the household. The family tree DB is a part of the NHID, and researchers can submit requests for data on the website at http://nhiss.nhis.or.kr. Requested data will be provided after approval from the data service review board. However, the family tree DB can be limitedly provided for studies with high public value in order to maximize personal information protection.
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Loginova, M. "Legal protection of police employees". Uzhhorod National University Herald. Series: Law 2, nr 78 (31.08.2023): 73–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.24144/2307-3322.2023.78.2.11.
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The article examines certain aspects of the legal protection of police officers. In particular, attention was paid to important aspects regarding the right to protect the honor and dignity of a police officer. It is noted that one of the important and necessary state institutions in modern conditions is the National Police of Ukraine, which occupies one of the key positions, performing the function of law enforcement agencies and performing a fairly wide range of tasks to protect the rights and freedom of citizens, therefore the legal protection of employees of this value plays an important role role in the institution. However, to date, the legal protection of police officers remains an unsolved problem that creates obstacles to the development and establishment of stability in society. When analyzing the current national legislation in the field of legal protection of employees of the National Police of Ukraine, it was established that despite the large number of normative legal acts that regulate the legal protection of law enforcement officers and their family members, attention is drawn to the declarative nature of the norms and the optionality of their implementation, as well as the lack of a unified approach to the legal regulation of social protection of the studied category of employees. As a result, despite the fact that the legal protection of employees of the National Police of Ukraine is provided for by a number of normative legal acts, many issues remain unresolved, especially in modern conditions. It is noted that despite a number of positive changes regarding the reform of the police system in Ukraine, it is necessary to pay more attention to social and legal protection and gaps in the national legislation, the elimination of which will give a chance to ensure the full functioning of the newly created and reformed units of the National Police of Ukraine. The task of reform is primarily to ensure consistency between tasks and functions, structure and personnel, and resource provision. Among other important issues is the fair remuneration of Ukrainian police officers, because the safety of citizens and the level of crime detection directly depend on their motivation. Therefore, their payment must correspond to modern threats and realities, ensure stability, and only the law can guarantee this.
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LETOVA, N. V. "TRADITIONAL FAMILY VALUES: MORAL BASIS OF THE STATE". Gaps in Russian Legislation 17, nr 1 (30.01.2024): 53–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.33693/2072-3164-2024-17-1-053-060.
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Purpose of the study. The article defines the fundamental importance of traditional family values for the development of the Russian state, the formation of the spiritual and moral foundations of society, and the preservation of the historical identity of our people. The author substantiates the conclusion about the system-forming importance of family values for each person, presents the novelties of the legislation that ensure their safety and protection. The article defines the fundamental importance of family, marriage, the birth and upbringing of children for each person, the value of which is irrefutable for society and the state. The author proved that only the systemic protection of family values by all public authorities will make it possible to counter the threats aimed at their destruction, thereby ensuring the national security of the state and preserving family values, ensuring their continuity for future generations.
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Zhao, Weize, Yang Liu i Lu Niu. "Quantitative Research on the Influencing Factors of Green Building Development". Probe - Environmental Science and Technology 3, nr 1 (29.04.2021): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.18686/pes.v3i1.1372.
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<p><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';">T</span>he rapid development of national economy is <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';">closely related to the </span>environmental protection and the rapid development of green buildings. The development of green building has always been the focus of national development research. It is undeniable that it has a crucial impact on the exploration of the factors affecting the development of green building. Undoubtedly, the research on the factors affecting the development of green building plays a vital role in the progress of the national construction industry and the vigorous development of the government’s green environmental protection. This paper first determines the green real estate index as an indicator of the impact of green building, <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';">and then </span>on this basis, stud<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';">ies</span> the main factors affecting the growth of green building area and the degree of impact <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';">by </span>using the method of quantitative analysis of data<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';">. </span>Finally, based on the results of the analysis, the corresponding policy recommendations are put forward.</p>
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M.T., Cherepania. "BOARDING INSTITUTIONS PRACTICE IN TRANSCARPATHIA DURING THE SECOND WORLD WAR". Collection of Research Papers Pedagogical sciences, nr 91 (11.01.2021): 16–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.32999/ksu2413-1865/2020-91-2.
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The history of boarding schools’ formation and development in Ukraine in general and in Transcarpathia in particular is an important source of pedagogical experience, the study, analysis and systematization of which will contribute to understanding of modern globalization in education and designing its future.Purpose is to fnd out the main trends in the boarding schools development and practice in Transcarpathia during the Second World War.Methods: bibliographical search is for the archival and library catalogs study, collections and descriptions; archival materials content analysis (orders government instructions); chronological is for determining the main trends in the boarding schools’ development and practice in Transcarpathia in 1939–1944.Results. Transcarpathian lands territorial subordination to Hungary in 1939 led to a change in the name of the region: instead of Subcarpathian Russia (during the period of Transcarpathian lands belong to the Czechoslovak Republic) Transcarpathian lands that returned to Hungary were called “Subcarpathia”. Childhood education and social protection were the the Podkarpackie Regent Commissioner’s responsibility, who appointed the principal of the Podkarpackie school district, and decisions on orphans and children deprived of parental care were the district orphanage courts’ responsibility. The Hungarian government organized a number of humanitarian actions in the returned territories through the involvement of government organizations “Hungarian for Hungarian” and the State League for the Protection of Children. With the beginning of hostilities, some boarding schools were subject to re-profiling: a separate structural unit of the Mukachevo State Orphanage “Orphanage for the crippled” was reorganized into the therapeutic department of the hospital in Mukachevo, and the educational building of the orphanage in Nad Sevlyush transferred to the use of the Hungarian army. The living and feeding conditions of pupils in boarding schools in Podkarpackie, and especially in orphanages (Greek-Catholic orphanage “Holy Family”) and family-type settlements have become more complicated. Constant changes in the pupils’ contingent, state orphanages employees’ places of work have led to late and incorrect payment of salaries to teachers and support staff of boarding schools.Conclusions. The boarding schools practice in Transcarpathia in the period 1939–1944 is characterized by the following trends: 1)boarding education curtailment in connection with the hostilities start, which reduced staffing and reduced the level of material and technical support of the educational process in boarding schools; 2)spreading the religious and public organizations influence (League for the Children’s Protection, “Levente”, “Hungarian for Hungarian”, etc.)Key words: boarding schools, orphanages, Transcarpathia, Hungary.