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Rozprawy doktorskie na temat "Nanoparticules d'or – Environnement"
Dedeh, Amina. "Impact d'un sédiment dopé aux nanoparticules d'or ou de sulfure de cadmium sur un invertébré et un poisson d'eau douce". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Bordeaux, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BORD0068.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe aim of this thesis was to determine the impact of two types of metal nanoparticles (cadmium sulphide - CdS - and gold - Au) on two aquatic models (tubifex worms and zebrafish Danio rerio). The approach has been to dope the Garonne sediment with the two types of nanoparticles and characterize the effect of this contamination on the two animals using multiple markers at different levels of biological organization (biochemical responses, neurotransmission activity, genotoxicity, gene expression and bioturbation activity). The effects were evaluated after exposure to contaminated sediment in experimental microcosms systems for twenty days. In a number of cases this work revealed an effect of the nanoparticles that was not due to metal but to the nanoparticulate properties. Indeed, in the case of CdS nanoparticles, we observed alterations in the genome as well as the modification of the bioturbation activity of worms tubifex in response to the contamination of nanoparticles but not to that of the ionic form. In this work we observed the release of gold nanoparticles from the sediment into the water column, and its potential bioavailability to fish. These nanoparticles were causing DNA damage in both organisms, modifying the expression of certain genes and increased acetylcholinesterase activity in zebrafish. Bioturbation results showed no effects of gold nanoparticles on the movement of worms
Plan, Anouchka. "Nanoparticules en environnement cellulaire : Impact de la nano-architecture sur l'internalisation, la biodégradation et les fonctionnalités thérapeutiques". Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019USPCC033.
Pełny tekst źródłaInorganic nanoparticles represent innovative solution to face current limitations in early diagnostic or targeted therapies.First part focuses on the interactions between magnetic nanoparticles and stem cells to understand better the parameters which impact internalization and biodegradation. We evidenced an impact from the nanoparticle’s coating, the presence of proteins and the aggregation. Nanoparticles’ impact on cellular differentiation shown a process of re-magnetization of the iron products of degradation for some differentiation ways.In the second part, we studied anti-cancerous hyperthermal therapies and more precisely the impact of the intracellular confinement. We shown that the cellular environment can completely inhibit the heating delivered by magnetic hyperthermia but at the contrary can also be beneficial for applying photothermia at biocompatible wavelengths. Finally, the combination of photothermia with a drug leaded to an increase of the efficiency of both therapies separated with reduces secondary effects
Perrier, Fanny. "Nanocontamination d'organismes aquatiques par des particules inorganiques : transfert trophique et impacts toxiques". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Bordeaux, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017BORD0959.
Pełny tekst źródłaDue to an increasing and massive use, engineered nanoparticles are raising as potentialemerging contaminants in the environment, including aquatic ecosystems. While trophictransfer appears to constitute a major exposure route for organisms, scientific literature hasdifficulties to respond to the questions raised to explore the range of the interactions existingbetween nanoparticles and living organisms at different scales from the trophic interactionsto the cellular impacts. This problem is partly due to experimental difficulties inherent tothis exposure type. For this work performed in controlled laboratory conditions, sphericalgold nanoparticles (10 nm, coated with PEG-amines, positively charged) were chosen tostudy the trophic transfer and toxic effects on aquatic organisms. Trophic chains concernedseveral trophic levels (up to three) with a variety of species considered : the basis of thetrophic web with natural biofilms or microalgae, intermediate levels with grazing fish orsuspensivorous bivalves, and up to top food chain organisms, with the European eel, a carnivorousfish.With relatively low doses for exposures, this work tends to represent environmentalconditions. Integrative methodological approaches from subcellular to tissue levels(RT-qPCR, RNA-sequencing, histology) were performed in order to assess toxic impacts.The results indicate a high retention capacity of nanoparticles by natural biofilms. Followinga 21-day exposure, gold quantifications reveal a transfer from biofilms to grazing fish, witha gold distribution in all organs. Moreover, this transfer is associated with an inflammatoryresponse according to the histological lesions observed in the liver, spleen and muscle ofexposed fish. A longer food chain, with three trophic levels involving microalgae - bivalves- European eels, is set up to give a better representation of the complexity of trophic interactionsin the aquatic environment. It shows a significant transfer to the predatory fish.Transcriptomic analyses, using the RNA-sequencing approach, for the liver and the brain ofexposed eels by nanoparticles’ enriched food, highlight a joint response for these two organsin the biological processes associated with the immune system and its regulation, includingNOD-like receptors involved in inflammasome.All the experimental results suggest long-term harmful effects that nanoparticles would generatein aquatic ecosystems, emphasizing the ability of these contaminants to be transferredthroughout trophic chains
Dedeh, Amina. "Impact d'un sédiment dopé aux nanoparticules d'or ou de sulfure de cadmium sur un invertébré et un poisson d'eau douce". Thesis, Bordeaux, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BORD0068/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe aim of this thesis was to determine the impact of two types of metal nanoparticles (cadmium sulphide - CdS - and gold - Au) on two aquatic models (tubifex worms and zebrafish Danio rerio). The approach has been to dope the Garonne sediment with the two types of nanoparticles and characterize the effect of this contamination on the two animals using multiple markers at different levels of biological organization (biochemical responses, neurotransmission activity, genotoxicity, gene expression and bioturbation activity). The effects were evaluated after exposure to contaminated sediment in experimental microcosms systems for twenty days. In a number of cases this work revealed an effect of the nanoparticles that was not due to metal but to the nanoparticulate properties. Indeed, in the case of CdS nanoparticles, we observed alterations in the genome as well as the modification of the bioturbation activity of worms tubifex in response to the contamination of nanoparticles but not to that of the ionic form. In this work we observed the release of gold nanoparticles from the sediment into the water column, and its potential bioavailability to fish. These nanoparticles were causing DNA damage in both organisms, modifying the expression of certain genes and increased acetylcholinesterase activity in zebrafish. Bioturbation results showed no effects of gold nanoparticles on the movement of worms
Perrier, Fanny. "Nanocontamination d'organismes aquatiques par des particules inorganiques : transfert trophique et impacts toxiques". Thesis, Bordeaux, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017BORD0959/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaDue to an increasing and massive use, engineered nanoparticles are raising as potentialemerging contaminants in the environment, including aquatic ecosystems. While trophictransfer appears to constitute a major exposure route for organisms, scientific literature hasdifficulties to respond to the questions raised to explore the range of the interactions existingbetween nanoparticles and living organisms at different scales from the trophic interactionsto the cellular impacts. This problem is partly due to experimental difficulties inherent tothis exposure type. For this work performed in controlled laboratory conditions, sphericalgold nanoparticles (10 nm, coated with PEG-amines, positively charged) were chosen tostudy the trophic transfer and toxic effects on aquatic organisms. Trophic chains concernedseveral trophic levels (up to three) with a variety of species considered : the basis of thetrophic web with natural biofilms or microalgae, intermediate levels with grazing fish orsuspensivorous bivalves, and up to top food chain organisms, with the European eel, a carnivorousfish.With relatively low doses for exposures, this work tends to represent environmentalconditions. Integrative methodological approaches from subcellular to tissue levels(RT-qPCR, RNA-sequencing, histology) were performed in order to assess toxic impacts.The results indicate a high retention capacity of nanoparticles by natural biofilms. Followinga 21-day exposure, gold quantifications reveal a transfer from biofilms to grazing fish, witha gold distribution in all organs. Moreover, this transfer is associated with an inflammatoryresponse according to the histological lesions observed in the liver, spleen and muscle ofexposed fish. A longer food chain, with three trophic levels involving microalgae - bivalves- European eels, is set up to give a better representation of the complexity of trophic interactionsin the aquatic environment. It shows a significant transfer to the predatory fish.Transcriptomic analyses, using the RNA-sequencing approach, for the liver and the brain ofexposed eels by nanoparticles’ enriched food, highlight a joint response for these two organsin the biological processes associated with the immune system and its regulation, includingNOD-like receptors involved in inflammasome.All the experimental results suggest long-term harmful effects that nanoparticles would generatein aquatic ecosystems, emphasizing the ability of these contaminants to be transferredthroughout trophic chains