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Hoff, Richard. "Iron Oxide Nanoparticle Surface Modification: Synthesis and Characterization". Master's thesis, Temple University Libraries, 2019. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/592997.
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BioengineeringM.S.
Multifunctional nanomaterials can be engineered to aid in the diagnosis of diseases, enable efficient drug delivery, monitor treatment progress over time, and evaluate treatment outcomes. This strategy, known as theranostics, focuses on the combination of diagnostic and therapeutic techniques to provide new clinically safe and efficient personalized treatments. The evaluation of different nanomaterials’ properties and their customization for specific medical applications has therefore been a significant area of interest within the scientific community. Iron oxide nanoparticles, specifically those based on iron (II, III) oxide (magnetite, Fe3O4), have been prominently investigated for biomedical, theranostic applications due to their documented superparamagnetism, high biocompatibility, and other unique physicochemical properties. The aim of this thesis is to establish a viable set of methods for preparing magnetite (iron oxide) nanoparticles through hydrothermal synthesis and modifying their surfaces with organic functional groups in order to both modulate surface chemistry and facilitate the attachment of molecules such as peptides via covalent bond formations. Modifying their surfaces with biomolecules such as peptides can further increase their uptake into cells, which is a necessary step in the mechanisms of their desired biomedical applications. The methods of nanoparticle synthesis, surface functionalization, and characterization involving electron microscopy (e.g., SEM, TEM), zeta potential measurements, size analysis (i.e., DLS), and FT-IR spectroscopy will be presented.
Temple University--Theses
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D'ALICARNASSO, MARCO. "SURFACE FUNCTIONALIZED GOLD NANOPARTICLES AS ATTACHMENT INHIBITORS FOR HEPARAN SULFATE-BINDING VIRUSES". Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/366392.
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Infectious diseases account for one fifth of global mortality. Although many efforts have been made to prevent and treat specific viral diseases (e.g. hepatitis B, AIDS) with vaccines and drugs, we still lack effective and biocompatible broad-spectrum antiviral agents, especially against re-emerging (e.g. Dengue virus) and newly emerging viruses (e.g. Ebola virus). Current advances in nanotechnology opened new frontiers in developing novel antivirals that can interact and inactivate a large number of viral pathogens. Nanoparticles (NPs) – particles in the size range 1-100 nm – can be finely engineered on their surface to interfere with key events of infections shared by many viruses, above all the attachment to the host cell. The aim of the present work is to assess the role of gold nanoparticles (Au- NPs) capped with sulfonate molecules as potential inhibitors toward human viruses binding sulfated polysaccharides on the cell membrane. Results showed that sulfonated NPs have powerful antiviral as well as virucidal activity. Their applications may lead to substantial improvements in virus-spread control not only as novel wide-spectrum therapeutic agents but most importantly as novel active materials to be employed in emergency situations, for example in personal protective equipment, waste management, virus containment.
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Brazzale, Chiara. "Gold nanoparticle surface tuning for multimodal treatment of cancer". Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Padova, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3424441.
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In the last decades colloidal decorated gold nanoparticles (GNPs) have been studied as platform for drug and gene delivery, for diagnostic and other biomedical applications. These metal nanoparticles are intriguing because of their unique physico-chemical properties that can be exploited for multimodal and combined treatment of cancer. In the present thesis work gold nanoparticles were decorated with a targeting ligand (Folate-PEG) to combine an active and a passive targeting aiming to enhance the selective accumulation within the tumour site. Deep studies have been done to investigate the effect of surface Folate density on the internalization efficiency of gold nanoparticles. Afterwards intracellular trafficking studies were performed to clarify the uptake mechanism and investigate lysosomal delivery. Confocal microscopy and TEM analysis showed in good agreement that Folate targeted gold nanoparticles are internalized via a clathrin-independent pathway. Another purpose of the project have concerned the exploitation of GNPs as sensitizers in the sonodynamic therapy. This is a non-invasive approach which consists in cancer tissue irradiation with focused ultrasounds (HIFU) to trigger cavitation phenomena leading to irreversible destruction of the target tissue. The combination of the ultrasound exposure and the pre-incubation of cells with Folate targeted particles induced a significant and selective cell death. The concept of multimodal targeting was extended to the development of pH responsive targeted gold nanoparticles, using a pH sensitive polymer able to respond with morphological alterations to environmental pH changes. The cell uptake results confirmed that the “hiding” and “reveal” of targeting agents on GNP surface is modulated by the sensitive polymer. As a result there is an enhanced site-selective GNP accumulation in the cancer tissue, according to a cooperative exploitation of phenotypic and environmental features of the tumour. In conclusion, the present thesis work is proposed as proof-of-concept to show that by finely tuning the surface properties of nanosystems, site-selectivity can be significantly enhanced, thus reducing the disposition of drug nanocarriers in off-target tissues.Lo scopo del presente progetto di dottorato è stato quello di produrre e caratterizzare dal punto di vista chimico-fisico e biologico un nanocarrier per il direzionamento selettivo di farmaci antitumorali a tumori sovraesprimenti il recettore per l’acido folico. Sono stati compiuti studi approfonditi per verificare come la densità dell’agente di targeting influenzasse l’efficienza d’internalizzazione del sistema. Inoltre studi di trafficking intracellulare hanno verificato come particelle d’oro direzionate con agente di targeting Folato-PEG vengano internalizzate mediante meccanismo clatrina-indipendente. Si è inoltre indagata la capacità di nanoparticelle d’oro come sensibilizzanti alla terapia sonodinamica al fine di poter combinare un trattamento farmacologico ad un approccio fisico. Un ulteriore sviluppo del progetto ha riguardato la modifica di nanoparticelle d’oro direzionate con Folato-PEG con una seconda componente pH responsiva in grado di passare da una conformazione estesa a pH fisiologico di 7.4 ad una forma idrofobica globulare a pH 6.5, condizione tipica del tessuto tumorale. In questo modo é possibile modulare il mascheramento/esposizione dell’agente di targeting e ridurre il bio-riconoscimento aspecifico a favore della sito-specificità. Tra gli sviluppi futuri del progetto, vi è la decorazione di nanoparticelle d’oro con un polimero dotato di gruppi idrazinici coniugati a Doxorubicina mediante legame idrazonico. In virtù delle proprietà del legame idrazonico, la Doxorubicina sarà rilasciata esclusivamente nei comparti endosomiali e lisosomiali, in seguito all'uptake cellulare mediato dal recettore FR per l’acido folico.
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Thorn, Angie Sue (Morris). "The impact of nanoparticle surface chemistry on biological systems". Diss., University of Iowa, 2017. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/5659.
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The unique properties of nanomaterials, such as their small size and large surface area-to-volume ratios, have attracted tremendous interest in the scientific community over the last few decades. Thus, the synthesis and characterization of many different types of nanoparticles has been well defined and reported on in the literature. Current research efforts have redirected from the basic study of nanomaterial synthesis and their properties to more application-based studies where the development of functionally active materials is necessary. Today such nanoparticle-based systems exist for a range of biomedical applications including imaging, drug delivery and sensors. The inherent properties of the nanomaterial, although important, aren’t always ideal for specific applications. In order to optimize nanoparticles for biomedical applications it is often desirable to tune their surface properties. Researchers have shown that these surface properties (such as charge, hydrophobicity, or reactivity) play a direct role in the interactions between nanoparticles and biological systems can be altered by attaching molecules to the surface of nanoparticles.
In this work, the effects of physicochemical properties of a wide variety of nanoparticles was investigated using in vitro and in vivo models. For example, copper oxide (CuO) nanoparticles were of interest due to their instability in biological media. These nanoparticles undergo dissolution when in an aqueous environment and tend to aggregate. Therefore, the cytotoxicity of two sizes of CuO NPs was evaluated in cultured cells to develop a better understanding of how these propertied effect toxicity outcomes in biological systems. From these studies, it was determined that CuO NPs are cytotoxic to lung cells in a size-dependent manner and that dissolved copper ions contribute to the cytotoxicity however it is not solely responsible for cell death. Moreover, silica nanoparticles are one of the most commonly used nanomaterials because they are easy to synthesize and their properties (such as size, porosity and surface chemistry) can be fine-tuned. Silica nanoparticles can be found in thousands of commercially available products such as toothpastes, cosmetics and detergents and are currently being developed for biomedical applications such as drug delivery and biomedical imaging. Our findings herein indicate that the surface chemistry of silica nanoparticles can have an effect on lung inflammation after exposure. Specifically, amine-modified silica NPs are considered to be less toxic compared to bare silica nanoparticles. Together, these studies provide insight into the role that material properties have on toxicity and allow for a better understanding of their impact on human and environmental health.
The final aim of this thesis was to develop surface-modified nanoparticles for drug delivery applications. For this, biodegradable, polymeric NPs were used due to their inert nature and biocompatibility. Furthermore, polymeric NPs are excellent for loading drugs and using them as drug delivery vehicles. In this work, poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) NPs were loaded with a therapeutic peptide. These NPs were then coated with chitosan (a mucoadhesive polymer) for the treatment of allergic asthma or coated with a small cationic mitochondrial targeting agent for the treatment of ischemia/reperfusion injury.
Taken as a whole, this thesis sheds light on the impact of NPs on human health. First by providing useful toxological data for CuO and silica NPs as well as highlighting the potential of surface-modified polymeric NPs to be used in drug delivery-based applications.
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Dolci, Mathias. "Design of magnetic iron oxide nanoparticle assemblies supported onto gold thin films for SPR biosensor applications". Thesis, Strasbourg, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018STRAE001/document.
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La bio-détection de molécules reposant sur le phénomène de résonnance plasmon permet de détecter des espèces en utilisant les propriétés optiques de films métalliques. L’utilisation de ce type de capteurs nécessite néanmoins l’augmentation de leurs performances afin de détecter des concentrations faibles d’analyte dans des milieux complexes. L’assemblage de nanoparticules d’oxyde de fer sur des substrats d’or, en utilisant des groupements complémentaires spécifiques via la méthode de chimie « click », permet de contrôler leur distribution spatiale à la surface du substrat. Les propriétés magnétiques portées par les nanoparticules sont ainsi étudiées en fonction de leurs distances inter-particules ainsi que de leurs tailles. Par ailleurs, le plasmon de surface du substrat étant directement influencé par l’assemblage des nanoparticules, il sera possible de contrôler la sensibilité du capteur pour étudier la détection de différentes biomolécules impliquées dans des processus biologiques. La présence des nanoparticules augmente les propriétés optiques intrinsèques de la surface du substrat et la géométrie de l’assemblage permet d’augmenter la quantité de biomolécules détectéesBiomolecular detection based on the surface plasmon resonance phenomenon allow detecting species by using the optics properties of metallic thin films. This kind of biosensors require the increase of their performances in order to detect low concentration analyte in complex medium. The assembly of iron oxide nanoparticles on gold substrates by using specific complementary groups via the “click” chemistry technique allows controlling their spatial distribution on the substrate surface. The magnetic properties carried by the nanoparticles are studied as function of their inter-particle distances and their sizes. Moreover, the surface plasmon of the substrate is directly influenced by the nanoparticle assembly and the control of the sensor sensitivity will be possible in order to study the detection of different biomolecules implies in biological processes. The presence of nanoparticles increases the intrinsic optical properties at the substrate surface and the geometry of the assembly allow increasing the number of biomolecules detected
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Ranjan, Rajesh. "Surface Modification of Silica Nanoparticles". University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1206558086.
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Jayalath, Mudiyanselage Sanjaya Dilantha. "Surface adsorption of natural organic matter on engineered nanoparticles". Diss., University of Iowa, 2018. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/6440.
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Nanoparticles have gained growing attention of the scientific community over the past few decades due to their high potential to be used in diverse industrial applications. Nanoparticles often possess superior characteristics, such as catalytic activity, photochemical activity, and mechanical strength, compared to their bulk counterparts, making them more desirable in different industrial applications. During the past few decades, the use of the nanoparticles in various industries has been increased. With increasing usage release of nanoparticles into the environment has also increased. There is a growing concern about the nanoparticle toxicity and numerous studies have shown the toxic effects of different nanoparticles on various plants, animals, and microorganisms in the environment. Toxicity of nanoparticles is often attributed to their morphology and their ability to undergo different transformations in the environment. These transformations include aggregation, dissolution, and surface adsorption.
Natural organic matter (NOM) are the most abundant natural ligands in the environment which include Humic acid and Fulvic acid. These high molecular weight organic molecules have complex structures and contain many different functional groups such as carboxylic acid groups, hydroxyl, amino and phenolic groups that can interact with the nanoparticle surface. The nature and the intensity of the interaction are dependent on several factors including the size and the surface functionality of nanoparticles and pH of the medium. The smaller the nanoparticle, the higher the adsorption of NOM due to the high surface to volume ratio of smaller particles. Functional groups on the surface dictate the surface charge of the nanoparticles in water depending on the acidity. The higher the acidity, higher the adsorption of NOM due to increased electrostatic attractions between positively charged nanoparticles and the negatively charged NOM molecules. Adsorbed NOM on nanoparticles affect the other transformations such as aggregation and dissolution and can in turn alter the reactivity and toxicity of the nanoparticles. Therefore, effect of NOM is an important factor that should be considered in environmental toxicity related studies of nanoparticles.
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Kulkarni, Amit. "Surface Modification of Carboxyl-functionalized Polymeric Nanoparticles for Attachment of Targeting Peptides". University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1242986910.
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Austin, Lauren Anne. "Exploring some aspects of cancer cell biology with plasmonic nanoparticles". Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/54236.
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Plasmonic nanoparticles, specifically gold and silver nanoparticles, exhibit unique optical, physical, and chemical properties that are exploited in many biomedical applications. Due to their nanometer size, facile surface functionalization and enhanced optical performance, gold and silver nanoparticles can be used to investigate cellular biology. The work herein highlights a new methodology that has exploited these remarkable properties in order to probe various aspect of cancer cell biology, such as cell cycle progression, drug delivery, and cell death. Cell death mechanisms due to localized gold and silver nanoparticle exposure were also elucidated in this work. Chapter 1 introduces the reader to the synthesis and functionalization of gold and silver nanoparticles as well as reviews their implementation in biodiagnostic and therapeutic applications to provide a foundation for Chapters 3 and 4, where their use in spectroscopic and cytotoxic studies are presented. Chapter 2 provides the reader with detailed explanations of experimental protocols for nanoparticle synthesis and functionalization, in vitro cellular biology experiments, and live-cell Raman spectroscopy experiments that were utilized throughout Chapters 3 and 4. Chapter 3 presents the use of nuclear-targeted gold nanoparticles in conjunction with a Raman microscope modified to contain a live-cell imaging chamber to probe cancer cell cycle progression (Chapter 3.1), examine drug efficacy (Chapter 3.2), monitor drug delivery (Chapter 3.3), and detect apoptotic molecular events in real-time (Chapter 3.4). In Chapter 4, the intracellular effects of gold and silver nanoparticles are explored through live-cell Rayleigh imaging, cell cycle analysis and DNA damage (Chapter 4.1), as well as through the elucidation of cytotoxic cell death mechanisms after nanoparticle exposure (Chapter 4.2) and live cell imaging of silver nanoparticle treated cancer cell communities (Chapter 4.3).
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Nguyen, Van Bac. "Prédiction des morphologies de nanoparticules métalliques à partir de calculs DFT des interactions surface-ligand". Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016TOU30299/document.
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Les nanoparticules (NPs) sont des matériaux fonctionnels importants du fait de leur taille nanométrique. Cette réduction en taille, associée à la composition, à l'orientation des surfaces et à la morphologie contribue à l'exaltation de nombreuses propriétés importantes telles que les propriétés électroniques, magnétiques, catalytiques, optiques, etc. Pour contrôler la morphologie des NPs, de nombreux efforts ont été consacrés à comprendre leurs mécanismes de formation et l'origine de leur stabilité. Parmi les nanoparticules métalliques, le cobalt, avec sa structure hexagonale compact (hcp), est particulièrement intéressant pour la possibilité d'obtenir des nanocristaux de forme "naturellement" anisotropique. Par synthèse chimique en milieu liquide, des NPs de différentes morphologies telles que des disques, des plaques, des bâtonnets, des fils et des cubes ont été obtenues en contrôlant le type de précurseur, de l'agent réducteur, des ligands stabilisants, ainsi que la concentration de ces ligands, la température ou la vitesse d'injection des précurseurs. Même si ces conditions de synthèse ont été rationalisées, les mécanismes à l'origine de ces différentes morphologies ne sont pas encore bien connus. Dans ce travail, nous avons développé deux modèles quantitatifs pour la prédiction de la morphologie, l'un est basé sur l'équilibre thermodynamique de l'état final, et l'autre sur un contrôle par l'effet cinétique. Pour appliquer ces modèles, il a été nécessaire de calculer dans un premier temps, avec la théorie de la fonctionnelle de la densité (DFT), les comportements d'adsorption des molécules ligands en fonction du taux de recouvrement sur les facettes de différentes orientations du métal. Pour ce faire, l'adsorption des ligands CH 3 NH 2 , CH 3 COO, C 5 H 11 COO et C 11 H 23 COO a été modélisée sur les différentes surfaces de Co et de Ni. La morphologie des NPs de Co prédite par ces deux modèles a été comparée à celles obtenues expérimentalement et à d'autres résultats théoriques de la littérature. La variété des formes obtenues par le modèle cinétique semblerait mieux correspondre aux NPs synthétisées avec les différentes conditions expérimentales. Ceci confirme que la morphologie des NPs est guidée avant tout par un effet cinétiqueNanoparticles are one of the most important families of functional materials due to their nanometric size. This size reduction, associated to their composition, surfaces orientation and morphology has contributed to the emergence of new important properties such as electronic, magnetic, catalytic, optic, etc. To control the morphology of NPs, many efforts have been devoted to understand their formation mechanism and the origin of their stability. Among metallic nanoparticles, cobalt, with its hexagonal closed-packed (hcp) structure, is particularly interesting because of the possibility to grow "naturally" anisotropic shaped nanocrystals. Using chemical synthesis in liquid environment, various morphologies such as disks, plates, rods, wires and cubes have been obtained by controlling the precursor type, the reducing agent, the stabilizing ligands as well as their concentration, the temperature or the rate of precursor injection. Even if these synthesis conditions have been rationalized, few is known concerning the growth mechanisms at the atomic scale. In this work, we have developed two quantitative morphology prediction models, one based on the final thermodynamic equilibrium state, while another is controlled by the kinetics. These models require the knowledge of the adsorption behaviors of stabilizing molecules as a function of surface coverage on preferential facets of NPs. To this end, density functional theory (DFT) calculations were performed on a series of stabilizing molecules (CH3NH2 , CH3COO C5H11OO and C11H23COO) adsorbed on the different Co and Ni surfaces. The shape of the Co NPs obtained by these two models was compared to experimental morphologies and other theoretical results from the literature. The variety of forms predicted by the kinetic model agrees better with the NPs morphologies obtained under the different synthesis conditions. This confirms that the morphology control of NPs is mostly driven by the kinetics
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Kitchens, Christopher Lawrence Roberts Christopher B. "Metallic nanoparticle synthesis within reverse micellar micromulsion systems". Auburn, Ala., 2004. http://repo.lib.auburn.edu/EtdRoot/2004/FALL/Chemical_Engineering/Dissertation/kitchcl_13_Dissertation(abbrv).pdf.
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Ouyang, Xilian. "SURFACE MODIFIED CARBON NANOPARTICLE PAPERS AND APPLICATIONS ON POLYMER COMPOSITES". The Ohio State University, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1406129283.
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Blanco-Mantecon, Mireia. "Interactions, particle size and surface effects in magnetic nanoparticle systems". Thesis, Bangor University, 2000. https://research.bangor.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/interactions-particle-size-and-surface-effects-in-magnetic-nanoparticle-systems(2f7d3ef7-ef4c-43b0-b3ad-9e5c68f629e5).html.
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This work has involved the study of the magnetic behaviour of small magnetic nanoparticle systems. Due to the reduced size of magnetic nanoparticles they present distinctive properties, such as size and surface effects, that have been analysed in this work, as well as the effect of interactions in such systems. The samples chosen for the study were magnetite particles in the form of a ferrofluid and Co nanoclusters in a nonmagnetic matrix of Cu. Both systems present very narrow particle size distributions, which facilitates the interpretation of the data. The samples have been subjected to basic characterisation, which includes the determination of the distribution of magnetic particle sizes using the magnetisation curves at room temperatures, TEM microscopy and X-ray diffraction, in the case of the ferrofluid samples. For the nanoclusters, a time of flight spectrometer has been used to obtain the number of atoms per cluster. Many of the measurements have been performed at low temperatures, where thermal effects are minimised. For such measurements the samples have been frozen in a zero applied field, so that they have a random distribution of magnetic moments prior to the measurement. The energy barrier distributions have been calculated via the temperature decay of remanence (TDR). From this study, an effective anisotropy constant has been calculated. For the study of the interactions, surface and size effects, magnetisation, susceptibility (ZFC), remanence and delta-M curves, as well as the time dependence of magnetisation have been studied. The attempt frequency of the different particle size systems has been calculated using different techniques. The basic magnetic behaviour can be explained on the basis of the Neel blocking model. It has been found that the systems with the smaller particles have significant surface effects, which are enhanced at lower temperatures. Interactions, which are weak due to the low concentration of magnetic material in the samples (<10%), have been found to be overall demagnetising and the evolution of the magnetic properties with dilution has been explained. As is the case for the surface effects, interaction effects are stronger at low temperatures due the reduction of thermal effects. The experimental results have been compared with calculations from a Montecarlo model for fine particles, which includes the effects of concentration, anisotropy, particle size and temperature.
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Nygren, Patrik. "De Novo Design and Characterization of Surface Binding Peptides - Steps toward Functional Surfaces". Licentiate thesis, Linköping University, Linköping University, Sensor Science and Molecular Physics, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-8992.
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The ability to create surfaces with well-defined chemical properties is a major research field. One possibility to do this is to design peptides that bind with a specific secondary structure to silica nanoparticles. The peptides discussed in this thesis are constructed to be random coil in solution, but are “forced” to become helical when adsorbed to the particles. The positively charged side-chains on the peptides strongly disfavor an ordered structure in solution due to electrostatic repulsion. When the peptides are introduced to the particles these charges will strongly favor the structure because of ion pair bonding between the peptide and the negatively charged nanoparticles. The peptide-nanoparticle system has been thoroughly investigated by systematic variations of the side-chains. In order to determine which factors that contributes to the induced structure, several peptides with different amino acid sequences have been synthesized. Factors that have been investigated include 1) the positive charge density, 2) distribution of positive charges, 3) negative charge density, 4) increasing hydrophobicity, 5) peptide length, and 6) by incorporating amino acids with different helix propensities. Moreover, pH dependence and the effect of different nanoparticle curvature have also been investigated. It will also be shown that the system can be modified to incorporate a catalytic site that is only active when the helix is formed. This research will increase our understanding of peptide-surface interactions and might be of importance for both nanotechnology and medicine.
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Hidalgo, Crespo Tania. "MOFs à surface modulable pour l’encapsulation et la libération de macromolécules". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015SACLV023/document.
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L'émergence d’un nouveau système nanoparticulé dans le domaine biomédical, les matériaux hybride poreux du type MOF (pour Metal Organic Framework), a récemment attiré beaucoup d'attention en raison de leur grande versatilité structurale et chimique. En particulaire, le trimésate de fer(III) mésoporeux (MIL-100; MIL pour Matériau de l'Institut Lavoisier) a démontré des capacités remarquables de stockage de médicaments avec leur libération contrôlée dans des conditions physiologiques, ainsi que des propriétés en imagerie très intéressantes.Néanmoins, avant toute bioapplication, il estnécessaire d’étudier leur toxicité et leur profile de biodistribution, lesquels sont fortement affectés par plusieurs facteurs (composition, dégradabilité, chimie de surface, etc.). Ainsi, l’objectif principal de ce travail de thèse porte sur l'évaluation de la biocompatibilité de MOFs nanométriques et leur passage de barrières physiologiquespar différentes voiesd'administration (en particulier, par voie intraveineuse, orale et cutanée) en fonction de leurs propriétés physico-chimiquesThe recent emergence of nanometric porous metal-organic frameworks (nanoMOFs) in the biomedical field has recently attracted a great deal of attention owing to their large porosity and versatile composition. Particularly attractive is the mesoporous iron(III) trimesate (MIL-100; MIL stands for Material of Institute Lavoisier), which has shown exceptional loading of challenging drugs, together with their controlled release under physiological conditions and interesting imaging properties. Nevertheless, prior to any bioapplication, it is crucial investigate its toxicity and biodistribution profile, which are strongly affected by multiple factors (e.g. composition, degradability, surface engineering, etc.). Thus, the aim of this PhD work focuses on the evaluation of the nanoMOF biocompatibility and their physiological barrier crossing from different administration routes (specifically intravenous, oral and cutaneous) as a function of their physicochemical properties
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Jones, Paul M. "Nanoparticle synthesis via thin film ferroelectric templates : surface interactions and effects". Thesis, Cranfield University, 2008. http://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/3491.
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An investigation into the processes taking place at the surface interface of ferroelectric Pb(Zr1-x,Tix)O3 immersed in metal salt solution under ultraviolet illumination is presented. The semiconducting and switchable dipolar nature of this material allows the spatial separation and control of photo-induced reduction and oxidation across its surface interface. These properties can be of application in novel techniques such as the controlled growth of metallic nanoparticles across specific polar domains. 70nm thick Pb(Zr0.3,Ti0.7)O3 samples, PZT(30/70), are manufactured using the sol gel methodology, two crystallographic orientations being produced. The orientation being controlled by the substrate used; Si was used for [111] orientation and MgO for [100]. The initial work with wideband ultraviolet light shows that the reduction and growth of silver on the PZT surface is greatly influenced by the structure of the film. The crystallographic orientation of the film affects metal deposition such that on [111] films the metal deposits only on positive domains, where as the [100] films experience deposition on both positive and negative domains. This is shown to be due to the difference in width of the space charge region, Δw = 4.4nm, between the [111] and [100] samples so that the negative domain on [100] samples have 10 19 times higher chance of electron tunnelling compared to the [111]. It is also shown that grain boundaries have the greatest effect on the growth of metal, with a metal cluster growth rate 51 times faster than elsewhere on the surface. This increased rate of growth is due to the effect a grain boundary has on the surrounding area, the energy band bending at the boundary attracting charge carriers from the grains around it. The interface types ranked from greatest to lowest influence are grain boundaries, positive domains, domain boundaries and finally interphase boundaries.ii It is shown that the stern layer, strongly adsorbed charged ions of opposite sign to the surface charge, at the PZT/solution interface act as an insulating layer to metal reduction. The accumulation of photoexcited charge carriers at points along grain boundaries causes the surface potential gradient to alter and allows metal reduction and thus clusters to nucleate. The energy required to cause this variation is investigated by use of narrow band, 5nm bandwidth, ultraviolet. For energy from 4.4eV to 5 eV, it is found there is an increase in the average silver cluster cross sectional area by a ratio of ca 1.6 to 1 for both the [111] and [100] orientations of PZT. Finally it is shown that the type of metal salt used in the photochemical process affects the type of reaction that takes place at the sample surface. For a cation to reduce on positive domains its reduction potential needs to be below the bottom edge of the conduction band of PZT. Chloride salts, that sit above the conduction band, cause decomposition of the negative domains. Use is made of these effects to find the position of the bottom of the conduction band for PZT. It is found that across similar [111] PZT samples FeCl2 can both reduce on positive domains and decompose negative domains, this puts the bottom of the conduction band for PZT(30/70) between 4.06 and 4.36 eV from vacuum. It is also discovered that the type of anion affects the decomposition of the negative domains. Nitrate salts with cations above the conduction band cause no decomposition whereas chlorides do. The decomposition is shown to be the loss of Pb from the negative surface.
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Kelley, John Joseph. "Controlling Gold Nanoparticle Assembly through Particle-Particle and Particle-Surface Interactions". University of Dayton / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=dayton1533083850424849.
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Li, Yuwen. "Nanoparticle Manipulation with a Laser-Induced Surface Bubble and Its Application". University of Dayton / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=dayton1563965289201564.
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Nwahara, Nnamdi. "Photophysicochemical properties and surface-enhanced Raman scattering of phthalocyanine-nanoparticle conjugates". Thesis, Rhodes University, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/71647.
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This work presents the synthesis, photophysical and photochemical characterization of a series of metallophthalocyanines (MPcs) and boron dipyrromethene (BODIPY) and their conjugates with either gold or silver nanoparticles (AuNPs or AgNPs) or graphene quantum dots (GQDs). The rich π-electron systems of GQDs and MPcs employed in this work enabled the coordination of MPcs to GQDs (either as pristine or modified) via the non-covalent (π-π stacking) method. GQDs, AuNPs and AgNPs were also functionalized with L-glutathione (GSH) in order to assist coupling to the Pcs or BODIPY dye. Spectroscopic and microscopic studies confirmed the formation of the respective nanoparticles (NPs) as well as the conjugates which exhibited enhanced photophysicochemical properties in comparison to the phthalocyanines (Pcs) or BODIPY alone. This work also shows that the incorporation of folic acid (FA) into Pcs-NPs composites leads to further enhancements in the singlet oxygen generation capabilities of the resulting conjugates, and so experimentally demonstrates for the first time, a synergy between FA and the respective nanoparticles (GQDs, AuNPs and AgNPs) in affecting the photophysical properties of Pcs complexes. GQDs and Pcs/GQDs hybrids were also herein decorated with AuNPs – metallic nanostructures that employ localized surface plasmon resonances to capture or radiate electromagnetic waves at optical frequencies. These nanostructures herein reported, have been shown to possess enhanced light-matter properties, enabling unique surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) behaviours, with unprecedented enhancement factors of up to 30-fold. This work therefore, reports on the fabrication of Pc/GQDs/AuNPs hybrids and experimentally demonstrates their incredible potential as novel Raman-active PDT agents.
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Booker, Annette Casandra. "Optical Characterization and Evaluation of Dye-Nanoparticle Interactions". Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/36370.
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Surface plasmon resonance has become a widely investigated phenomenon in the past few years. Initially descriptive of light interactions with metallic films, research has branched out to encompass the nanoparticles as well. Generation of the maximum surface plasmon resonance for nanostructures is based on the resonance condition that the oscillatory behavior of the 'free' electrons on the surface of the particle become equivalent to the frequency of the excitation light; for films this required a specific geometry.
Metallic nanoparticles have also interested researchers because of their unique optical properties. Depending on the metal, observations of quenching as well as fluorescence enhancement have been reported. Based on the phenomenon of surface plasmon resonance as well as the properties of metallic nanoparticles, this research reports the interaction of gold and silver nanoparticles in an aqueous dye solution. Our research is the basis for developing an optical sensor used for water treatment centers as an alarm mechanism. Due to the inefficiency of the fluorophore used in similar optodes, sufficient fluorescence was not obtained. With the addition of the nanoparticles, we hoped to observe the transfer of energy from the nanoparticle to the fluorophore to increase the overall intensity, thereby creating a sufficient signal.
Using the excitation theories discovered by Raman, Mie, and Forster and Dexter as our foundation, we mixed a strongly fluorescent dye with gold nanoparticles and aagain with silver nanoparticles. After taken measurements via fluorescence spectroscopy, absorption spectroscopy, and photoluminescence excitation, we observed that the silver nanoparticles seemed to enhance the fluorescence of the dye while the gold nanoparticles quenched the fluorescence.Master of Science
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Kanniah, Vinod. "NANOPARTICLE ADDITIVES FOR MULTIPHASE SYSTEMS: SYNTHESIS, FORMULATION AND CHARACTERIZATION". UKnowledge, 2012. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/cme_etds/8.
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Study on nanoparticle additives in multiphase systems (liquid, polymer) are of immense interest in developing new product applications. Critical challenges for nanoparticle additives include their synthesis, formulation and characterization. These challenges are addressed in three application areas: nanofluids for engine lubrication, ultrathin nanocomposites for optical devices, and nanoparticle size distribution characterization.
Nanoparticle additives in oligomer mixtures can be used to develop extended temperature range motor oils. A model system includes poly(α-olefin) based oligomers with a modest fraction of poly(dimethylsiloxane) oligomers along with graphite as nanoparticle additive. Partition coefficients of each oligomer are determined since the oligomer mixture phase separated at temperatures less than -15 °C. Also, the surface of graphite additive is quantitatively analyzed and modified via silanization for each oligomer. Thus, upon separation of the oligomer mixture, each functionalized graphite additive migrates to its preferred oligomers and forms a uniform dispersion.
Similarly, nanoparticle additives in polymer matrices can be used to develop new low haze ultrathin film optical coatings. A model system included an acrylate monomer as the continuous phase with monodisperse or bidisperse mixtures of silica nanoparticles deposited on glass and polycarbonate substrates. Surface (root mean squared roughness, Wenzel’s contact angle) and optical properties (haze) of these self assembled experimental surfaces were compared to simulated surface structures. Manipulating the size ratios of silica nanoparticle mixtures varied the average surface roughness and the height distributions, producing multimodal structures with different packing fractions.
In both nanofluid and nanocomposite applications, nanoparticle additives tend to aggregate/agglomerate depending on various factors including the state of nanoparticles (powder, dispersion). A set of well-characterized ceria and titania nanoparticle products from commercial sources along with in-lab synthesized nanoparticles were studied via fractal theory. Fractal coefficients were obtained through two-dimensional images (from electron microscopy) and particle size distributions (from electron microscopy and dynamic light scattering). For some arbitrary collections of aggregated nanoparticle materials, the fractal coefficients via two-dimensional images correlated well to the average primary particle size. This complementary tool could be used along with conventional nanoparticle characterization techniques when not much is known about the nanoparticle surfaces to characterize agglomeration or aggregation phenomena.
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Hou, Xue. "Nano-objets photo-activés pour le ciblage cellulaire et l’hyperthermie". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLC011/document.
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Les nanoparticules plasmoniquespossèdent des propriétés intéressantes grâce àla résonance de plasmon de surface localisé. Enplus de leur grande efficacité de conversionphotothermique due au plasmon, leconfinement de l’échauffement peut êtremodulé par le type de source lumineuseutilisée (impulsionnelle ou continue). Cespropriétés font des nanoparticulesplasmoniques une solution potentielle pour lathérapie contre le cancer par hyperthermie.Afin de développer une telle applicationbiomédicale, il est nécessaire d'optimiserl'absorption de l'énergie lumineuse et le ciblagedes nanoparticules sur la tumeur considérée.Dans cette thèse, l'influence des électronschauds photo-générés sur l'absorptiond’impulsions laser ultracourtes par lesnanoparticules est d'abord étudiée. Ensuite, untravail effectué avec des chimistes, biologisteset médecins pour l'application desnanoparticules d’or irradiées par impulsionslaser ultracourtes à la thérapie contre le cancerest présenté. Enfin, nous présentons une étudepréliminaire sur la photoluminescence denanoparticules plasmoniques, dont l'origine estencore controversée, en appliquant un modèleprenant en compte la nature non thermale dela distribution d’électrons chaudsPlasmonic nanoparticles possessinteresting properties thanks to the localizedsurface plasmon resonance. In addition totheir high photothermal conversion efficiency,the heat release confinement can bemodulated by the type of light source used(pulsed or continuous laser). These propertiesmake the plasmonic nanoparticles a potentialsolution for cancer therapy by hyperthermia.In order to develop such a biomedicalapplication, it is necessary to optimize theabsorption of light energy and the targeting ofnanoparticles on the tumor considered.In this thesis, the influence of the photogeneratedhot electrons on the absorption ofultrashort laser pulses by nanoparticles is firststudied. Then, a work carried out withchemists, biologists and physicians for theapplication of gold nanoparticles irradiated byultrashort laser pulses to cancer therapy isdescribed. Finally, we present a preliminarystudy on the photoluminescence of plasmonicnanoparticles, the origin of which is stillcontroversial, by applying a model accountingfor the non-thermal nature of the hot electrondistribution
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René-Boisneuf, Laetitia. "Probing Surface Chemistry at the Nanoscale Level". Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/20453.
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Studies various nanostructured materials have gained considerable interest within the past several decades. This novel class of materials has opened up a new realm of possibilities, both for the fundamental comprehension of matter, but also for innovative applications. The size-dependent effect observed for these systems often lies in their interaction with the surrounding environment and understanding such interactions is the pivotal point for the investigations undertaken in this thesis. Three families of nanoparticles are analyzed: semiconductor quantum dots, metallic silver nanoparticles and rare-earth oxide nanomaterials.
The radical scavenging ability of cerium oxide nanoparticles (CeO2) is quite controversial since they have been labeled as both oxidizing and antioxidant species for biological systems. Here, both aqueous and organic stabilized nanoparticles are examined in straightforward systems containing only one reactive oxygen species to ensure a controlled release. The apparent absence of their direct radical scavenging ability is demonstrated despite the ease at which CeO2 nanoparticles generate stable surface Ce3+ clusters, which is used to explain the redox activity of these nanomaterials. On the contrary, CeO2 nanoparticles are shown to have an indirect scavenging effect in Fenton reactions by annihilating the reactivity of Fe2+ salts.
Cadmium selenide quantum dots (CdSe QD) constitute another highly appealing family of nanocolloids in part due to their tunable, size-dependent luminescence across the visible spectrum. The effect of elemental sulfur treatment is investigated to overcome one of the main drawbacks of CdSe QD: low fluorescence quantum yield. Herein, we report a constant and reproducible quantum yield of 15%. The effect of sulfur surface treatment is also assessed following the growth of a silica shell, as well as the response towards a solution quencher (4-amino-TEMPO). The sulfur treated QD is also tested for interaction with pyronin Y, a xanthene dye that offers potential energy and electron transfer applications with the QD. Interaction with the dye molecule is compared to results obtained with untreated quantum dots, as well as CdSe/ZnS core shell examples.
In another chapter of this thesis, the catalytic potential of silver nanoparticles is addressed for the grafting of polyhydrosiloxane polymer chains with various alkoxy groups. A simple one-pot synthesis is presented with silver salts and the polymer. the latter serves as a mild reducing agent and a stabilizing ligand, once silver nanoparticles are formed in-situ. We evaluate the conversion of silane into silyl ethers groups with the addition of several alcohols, whether primary, secondary or tertiary, and report the yields of grafting under the mildest conditions: room temperature, under air and atmospheric pressure.
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Chen, Kai. "Self-organization on Nanoparticle Surfaces for Plasmonic and Nonlinear Optical Applications". Diss., Virginia Tech, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/30111.
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This dissertation is about fabrication and functionalization of metal nanoparticles for use in plasmonic and nonlinear optical (NLO) applications. In the first two chapters, I describe a series of experiments, where I combined silver nanoparticles fabricated by nanosphere lithography with ionic self-assembled multilayer (ISAM) films, tuning the geometry of the particles to make their plasmonic resonances overlap with the frequency of optical excitation. The designed hybrid metallic/organic nanostructures exhibited large enhancements of the efficiency of second harmonic generation (SHG) compared to conventional ISAM films, causing a modified film with just 3 bilayers to be optically equivalent to a conventional 700-1000 bilayer film.
SHG responses from Ag nanoparticle-decorated hybrid-covalent ISAM (HCISAM) films were investigated as the next logical step towards high-Ï ²⁺ ISAM films. I found that the plasmonic enhancement primarily stems from interface SHG. Interface effects were characterized by direct comparison of SHG signals from PAH/PCBS ISAM films and PAH/PB HCISAM films. Though interface &chi²⁺ is substantially smaller in PAH/PCBS than in PAH/PB, plasmonically enhanced PAH/PCBS films exhibit stronger NLO response. I propose that the structure of PAH/PB film makes its interface more susceptible to disruptions in the nanoparticle deposition process, which explains our observations.
During the fabrication of monolayer crystals for nanosphere lithography, I developed a variation of the technique of convective self-assembly, where the drying meniscus is restricted by a straight-edge located approximately 100 μM above the substrate adjacent to the drying zone. This technique can yield colloidal crystals at roughly twice the growth rate compared to the standard technique. I attribute this to different evaporation rates in the thin wet films in the two cases. I also found that the crystal growth rate depends strongly on the ambient relative humidity.
Finally, dithiocarbamate (DTC)-grafted polymers were synthesized and employed to functionalize surfaces of Au nanopartciles. PAH-DTC shows greater stability in different environments than PEI-DTC. I also investigated the stability of PAH-DTC coated particles in suspensions with UV-Vis spectroscopy and autotitration. The covalently bonded PAH-DTC enhances the colloidal stability of the Au nanoparticles and enables subsequent ISAM film deposition onto the particles.Ph. D.
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Yeshchenko, O. A., I. S. Bondarchuk, S. Z. Malynych, G. Chumanov i I. Luzinov. "Laser-Induced Light Absorption in 2D Silver Nanoparticle Array". Thesis, Sumy State University, 2015. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/42550.
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Nanocomposite comprising planar array of silver nanoparticles in polymer matrix was submitted to Ar laser irradiation at the wavelength of 488 nm. The extinction spectra of the array were measured as a function of the irradiation power density. Two collective surface plasmon modes, namely T and P, associated with particle dipoles parallel and perpendicular to the plane of the layer were identified. The extinction bands of T and P modes exhibit blue spectral shift with the increase of radiation power. P mode band
broadens when laser power increases. The observed effects are explained by heating of the nanocomposite by the intense laser radiation.
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See, Erich M. "Plasmon Directed Chemical Reactivity and Nanoparticle Self-Assembly". Diss., Virginia Tech, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/85400.
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Nanotechnology has advanced to the point that nanoparticles can now be fabricated in a broad variety of shapes from a wide range of materials, each with their own properties and uses. As the list of manufacturable particles continues to grow, a new frontier presents itself: assembling these existing nanoparticles into more complicated nanoscale structures. The primary objective of this thesis is to demonstrate and characterize one such method of nanoscale construction, the plasmonically directed self-assembly of gold nanospheres onto both silver nanospheroids and gold nanorods. At the heart of this research is a the use of a photocleavable ligand (1-(6-Nitrobenzo[d][1,3]dioxol-5-yl)ethyl(4-(1,2-Dithiolan-3-yl)butyl) carbamate), which is capable of forming a photoreactive self-assembly monolayer (SAM) on gold and silver surfaces. After photoactivation, this SAM becomes positively charged at low pH, allowing it to electrostatically bind with negatively charged gold nanospheres (or other negatively charged nanoparticles). In this thesis, I describe both a secondary photoreaction that this ligand is capable post-photocleavage, which removes the ligand's ability to bind to negatively charged gold nanospheres, allowing for, among other assembly methods, reverse photopatterning. I further show that this photocleavable ligand can be used in conjunction with gold nanospheres to create aligned, metal structures on silver nanospheroid surface by exposure to linearly polarized UV light. Similarly, I also demonstrate how the ligand can be used to preferentially bind gold nanospheres to the ends of gold nanorods with the use of ultrafast femtosecond pulsed 750 nm laser light, making use of multi-photon absorption. Both methods of self-assembly, as well as the secondary photoreaction, are dependent on the plasmonics of the metal nanoparticles. This thesis also goes into the backgrounds of plasmonics, plasmonically mediated catalysis, self-assembly, and photocleavable chemicals.Ph. D.
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Lundahl, Johan. "Optimisation of surface enhanced Raman scattering from gold and silver nanoparticle solutions". Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 2008. http://oleg.lib.strath.ac.uk:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=21945.
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The efficiency of Surface enhanced resonance Raman spectroscopy (SERS or SERRS) as a technique is entirely dependent on controlling the parameters responsible for the enhancement effects. In this thesis, some of the critical parameters have been investigated. It is concluded that it is possible to predict and to some degree manipulate the maximum enhancement of the Raman scattering in an experimental setup. By applying the findings presented in this thesis it is possible to optimise an experimental setup according to a desired purpose where silver or gold nanoparticle solutions are used as the source of surface enhancement. Many of the findings herein are also expected to be applicable to other SER(R)S-systems, and also to be of interest in related techniques, such as metal enhanced fluorescence and surface plasmon resonance. Methods for the controlled synthesis of silver and gold nanoparticles, are presented and techniques for the characterisation of their physical properties are evaluated. Further, a technique enabling the separation of the relative contribution of absorption and scattering to the extinction profile is presented. Further, the effect of the nanoparticles physical properties on their suitability as SERS substrates is investigated. In particular, the effect of nanoparticle size and nanoparticle solution state of aggregation is investigated in order to optimise the SERS intensity at the detector. The results show that the SERS intensity is critically dependent on these properties, and that it is possible to predict the optimal combination of nanoparticle size, wavelength of the excitation source and aggregation state of the nanoparticle solution. Finally, the effect of a molecular resonance on the SERRS intensity is demonstrated and confirmed as a significant effect.
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Liu, Chang. "Controlled Evaluation of Silver Nanoparticle Dissolution: Surface Coating, Size and Temperature Effects". Diss., Virginia Tech, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/97509.
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The environmental fate and transport of engineered nanomaterials have been broadly investigated and evaluated in many published studies. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) represent one of the most widely manufactured nanomaterials. They are currently being incorporated into a wide range of consumer products due to their purported antimicrobial properties. However, either the AgNPs themselves or dissolved Ag+ ions has a significant potential for the environmental release. The safety issues for nanoparticles are continuously being tested because of their potential danger to the environment and human health. Studies have explored the toxicity of AgNPs to a variety of organisms and have shown such toxicity is primarily driven by Ag+ ion release. Dissolution of nanoparticles is an important process that alters their properties and is a critical step in determining their safety. Therefore, studying nanoparticles' dissolution can help in the current move towards safer design and application of nanoparticles. This research endeavor sought to acquire comprehensive kinetic data of AgNP dissolution to aid in the development of quantitative risk assessments of AgNP fate.
To evaluate the dissolution process in the absence of nanoparticle aggregation, AgNP arrays were produced on glass substrates using nanosphere lithography (NSL). Changes in the size and shape of the prepared AgNP arrays were monitored during the dissolution process by atomic force microscopy (AFM). The dissolution of AgNP is affected by both internal and external factors. First, surface coating effects were investigated by using three different coating agents (BSA, PEG1000, and PEG5000). Capping agent effects nanoparticle transformation rate by blocking reactants from the nanoparticle surface. Coatings prevented dissolution to different extents due to the various way they were attached to the AgNP surface. Evidence for the existence of bonds between the coating agents and the AgNPs was obtained by surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy. Moreover, to study the size effects on AgNP dissolution, small, medium, and large sized AgNPs were used. The surrounding medium and temperature were the two variables that were included in the size effects study. Relationships were established between medium concentration and dissolution rate for three different sized AgNP samples. By using the Arrhenius equation to plot the reaction constant vs. reaction temperature, the activation energy of AgNPs of different sizes were obtained and compared.Doctor of Philosophy
Nanomaterials, defined as materials with at least one characteristic dimension less than 100 nm, often have useful attributes that are distinct from the bulk material. The novel physical, chemical, and biological properties enable the promising applications in various manufacturing industry. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) represent one of the most widely manufactured nanomaterials and has been used as the antimicrobial agent in a wide range of consumer products. However, either the AgNPs themselves or dissolved Ag+ ions has a significant potential for the environmental release. The environmental fate and transport of AgNPs drawn considerable attentions because of the potential danger to environment and human health. Dissolution of nanoparticles is an important process that alters their properties and is a critical step in determining their safety. Ag+ ions migrate from the nanoparticle surface to the bulk solution when an AgNP dissolves. Studying nanoparticles' dissolution can help in the current move towards safer design and application of nanoparticles. This research aimed to acquire comprehensive kinetic data of AgNP dissolution to aid in the development of quantitative risk assessments of AgNP fate. AgNP arrays were produced on glass substrates using nanosphere lithography (NSL) and changes in the size and shape during the dissolution process were monitored by atomic force microscopy (AFM). First, surface coating effects were investigated by using three different coating agents. Coatings prevented dissolution to different extents due to the various way they were attached to the AgNP surface. Moreover, small, medium, and large sized AgNPs were used to study the size effects on AgNP dissolution. The surrounding medium concentration and temperature were the two variables that were included in the size effects study.
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Nicolas, Rana. "Squeezing light in nanoparticle-film plasmonic metasurface : from nanometric to atomically thin spacer". Thesis, Troyes, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TROY0028/document.
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Les plasmons polaritons de surface (SPP) et les plasmons localisés de surface (LSP) font l’objet de nombreuses investigations du fait de leur fort potentiel technologique. Récemment, une attention particulière a été portée à des systèmes supportant ces deux types de résonances en déposant des nanoparticules (NPs) métalliques sur des films minces métalliques. Plusieurs études ont mis en évidence le couplage et l’hybridation entre modes localisés et délocalisés. Cependant, une compréhension en profondeur des propriétés optiques et du potentiel de ces interfaces est toujours manquante. Nous avons mené ici une étude de systèmes NPs/film couplés. Nous avons étudié à la fois expérimentalement et théoriquement l’influence d’une couche séparatrice ultra-mince en SiO2 ainsi que l’évolution des différents modes plasmoniques pour différentes épaisseurs. Nous avons ainsi mis en lumière que de tels systèmes couplés offrent des propriétés optiques exaltées et une large accordabilité spectrale. Nous avons aussi cherché à diminuer l’épaisseur de la couche séparatrice vers le cas ultime monoatomique en utilisant le graphène. Du fait du caractère non-diélectrique de celui-ci, nous avons mis en évidence un comportement optique inattendu de la résonance plasmonique. Nous avons expliqué celui-ci par la mise en évidence du dopage du graphène par les NPs, ce qui est un premier pas en direction de dispositifs optoélectroniques à base de graphène. Enfin, après avoir amélioré notre compréhension théorique de ces systèmes, nous avons évalué leur potentiel comme capteurs SERS ou LSPSurface plasmon polariton (SPP) and Localized surface plasmon (LSP) have attracted numerous researchers due to their high technological potential. Recently, strong attention was paid to the potential of SPP and LSP combinations by investigating metallic nanoparticles (NPs) on top of metallic thin films. Several studies on such systems have shown the coupling and hybridization between localized and delocalized modes. In this work, we propose a full systematic study on coupled NP/film systems with Au NPs and Au films. We investigate both experimentally and theoretically the influence of an ultra-thin SiO2 dielectric spacer layer, as well as the evolution of the plasmonic modes as the spacer thickness increases. We show that coupled systems exhibit enhanced optical properties and larger tunability compared to uncoupled systems. We also compare these results with those measured for coupled interfaces using graphene as a non-dielectric sub-nanometer spacer. Introducing graphene adds complexity to the system. We show that such coupled systems also exhibit enhanced optical properties and larger tunability of their spectral properties compared to uncoupled systems as well as unexpected optical behavior. We explain this behavior by evidencing graphene doping by metallic NPs, which can be a first step towards graphene based optoelectronic devices. After establishing a deep understanding of coupled systems we perform both SERS and RI sensing measurements to validate the high potential of these plasmonic interfaces
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Shen, Christopher. "Effects of surface chemistry and size on iron oxide nanoparticle delivery of oligonucleotides". Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/39520.
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The discovery of RNA interference and the increasing understanding of disease genetics have created a new class of potential therapeutics based on oligonucleotides. This therapeutic class includes antisense molecules, small interfering RNA (siRNA), and microRNA modulators such as antagomirs (antisense directed against microRNA) and microRNA mimics, all of which function by altering gene expression at the translational level. While these molecules have the promise of treating a host of diseases from neurological disorders to cancer, a major hurdle is their inability to enter cells on their own, where they may render therapeutic effect. Nanotechnology is the engineering of materials at the nanometer scale and has gained significant interest for nucleic acid delivery due to its biologically relevant length-scale and amenability to multifunctionality. While a number of nanoparticle vehicles have shown promise for oligonucleotide delivery, there remains a lack of understanding of how nanoparticle coating and size affect these delivery processes. This dissertation seeks to elucidate some of these factors by evaluating oligonucleotide delivery efficiencies of a panel of iron oxide nanoparticles with varying cationic coatings and sizes. A panel of uniformly-sized nanoparticles was prepared with surface coatings comprised of various amine groups representing high and low pKas. A separate panel of nanoparticles with sizes of 40, 80, 150, and 200 nm but with the same cationic coating was also prepared.
Results indicated that both nanoparticle surface coating and nanoparticle hydrodynamic size affect transfection efficiency. Specific particle coatings and sizes were identified that gave superior performance. The intracellular fate of iron oxide nanoparticles was also tracked by electron microscopy and suggests that they function via the proton sponge effect. The research presented in this dissertation may aid in the rational design of improved nanoparticle delivery vectors for nucleic acid-based therapy.
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Stefanescu, Cristina F. "Exploration of catalysis activation emergency as a function of gold nanoparticle surface morphology". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/43207.
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Thesis (S.B.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Materials Science and Engineering, 2008.Includes bibliographical references (p. 45).
The application of rippled gold nanoparticles with bi-ligand surface morphology as a catalyst was tested. The hydrolysis of 2,4-dinitrophenyl acetate (DNPA) served as the catalytic reaction being analyzed and the bi-ligand composition used was 16-mercaptohexadecanoic acid to imidazole thiol (MHA to IT). The influence of temperature on catalytic reaction of DNPA with the MHA: IT system was tested for ligand rations of 2:1, 1:2, and 1:1 by monitoring the catalytic system on a UV-VIS spectrometer. Catalytic rate constants were obtained and found to increase with increased temperature. The measured catalytic rate constants were greatest overall for the 1:1 system, followed by the 1:2 system, and lastly the 2:1 system. The activation energy for each ligand-ratio system was measured and found to be 22.17 kJ/mol for the 2:1 system, 14.7 kJ/mol for the 1:2 system, and 26.52 for the 1:1 system. The 2:1 and 1:2 systems followed the trend of lower activation energy values for systems with faster rates; however the 1:1 system did not fit this trend as it resulted in the highest activation energy value as well as the fastest reaction rates.
by Cristina F. Stefanescu.
S.B.
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Park, Sunho 1976. "Characterization of nanoparticle-DNA conjugate and control of DNA conformation on particle surface". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/49761.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, 2009.Includes bibliographical references.
Nano-science has exploited the hybridization and de-hybridization phenomena of DNA which are one of its fundamental functions. In particular, conjugates of gold nanoparticles and DNA (Au NP-DNA) have been extensively explored for their potential in biological applications such as DNA delivery for gene therapy and disease detection. However, DNA strands are known to adsorb onto the Au NP surface, which can severely limit the hybridization ability of Au NP-DNA conjugates. Therefore, methods of chemical modification of Au NP surfaces and evaluating DNA conformation via Ferguson analysis of gel electrophoresis are proposed in the thesis. Conjugates of DNA with Au NP of different sizes and coverages are evaluated with Ferguson analysis to characterize important parameters such as hydrodynamic size and zeta-potential. Surface modified Au NP exhibits enhanced stability and hybridization specificity in the system, which infers the effectiveness of those methods towards biological systems where non-specific adsorption is problematic. To confirm the validity of the concept, Au NP-antisense DNA experiments for gene silencing are performed in the work. Antisense DNA is designed to inhibit ribosomal activity on mRNAs and cooperatively works with Au NPs to enhance physical blocking mechanisms. However, the result shows that Au NP-DNA conjugates can enhance in vitro gene expression depending on DNA sequence and coverage of the conjugates. Suggestions are made for further investigation on proof and improvement of the translation enhancer concept.
by Sunho Park.
Ph.D.
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Glogowski, Elizabeth M. "Nanoparticle functionalization and grafting-from chemistry for controlling surface properties and nanocomposite behavior". Amherst, Mass. : University of Massachusetts Amherst, 2009. http://scholarworks.umass.edu/dissertations/AAI3349701/.
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Chen, Nan. "Size and surface properties determining nanoparticle uptake and transport in the nasal mucosa". Diss., University of Iowa, 2013. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/1562.
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Oyarzún, Medina Simón. "Spintronics in cluster-assembled nanostructures". Thesis, Lyon 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LYO10166/document.
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Dans les dernières années, la miniaturisation progressive des dispositifs de stockage magnétique a rendu nécessaire de comprendre comment les propriétés physiques sont modifiées par rapport à l'état massif lorsque les dimensions sont réduites à l'échelle nanométrique. Pour cette raison, une méthode précise de préparation et caractérisation de nanostructures est extrêmement importante. Ce travail se concentre sur les propriétés magnétiques et de transport de nanoparticules de cobalt incorporées dans des matrices de cuivre. Notre dispositif expérimental nous permet de contrôler indépendamment la taille moyenne des agrégats, la concentration et la composition chimique. La production des agrégats de cobalt est basée sur la pulvérisation cathodique et l'agrégation dans la phase gazeuse. Cette source permet de produire des agrégats dans une large gamme de taille, de un à plusieurs milliers d'atomes. Dans un premier temps, nous avons étudié le rôle des interactions entre particules dans les propriétés de transport et magnétiques, en augmentant la concentration des nanoparticules de cobalt (à partir de 0.5 % à 2.5 % et 5 %). Nos résultats démontrent les précautions nécessaires et constituent une base solide pour de futures études sur les propriétés spintroniques des systèmes granulaires. Dans le but de décrire les propriétés magnétiques intrinsèques d'agrégats, nous avons préparé des échantillons fortement dilués (_0.5%) pour différents diamètres d'agrégats de 1.9 nm à 5.5 nm. Nous avons constaté que les propriétés magnétiques sont dépendantes de la taille. L'utilisation d'une caractérisation magnétique complète, sensible à la variation de l'anisotropie magnétique efficace, nous montre que l'anisotropie magnétique est dominée par les contributions de la surface ou de la forme des nanoparticulesIn the last years, the progressive miniaturization of magnetic storage devices has imposed the necessity to understand how the physical properties are modified with respect to the bulk when the dimensions are reduced at the nanometric scale. For this reason an accurate method of preparation and characterization of nanostructures is extremely important. This work focuses on the magnetic and transport properties of cluster-assembled nanostructures, namely cobalt nanoparticles embedded in copper matrices. Our setup allows us to independently control the mean cluster size, the concentration and the chemical composition. The cobalt cluster production is based on magnetron sputtering and gas phase aggregation. The performance of the source permits a wide range of cluster masses, from one to several thousand atoms. As a first step we studied the role of inter-particle interactions in the transport and magnetic properties, increasing the cobalt nanoparticle concentration (from 0.5% to 2.5% and 5%). Our results demonstrate the necessary precautions and constitute a solid basis for further studies of the spintronic properties of granular systems. Finally, in order to describe the intrinsic magnetic properties of cluster-assembled nanostructures, we prepared strongly diluted samples (_0.5%) for different cluster sizes from 1.9 nm to 5.5 nm. We found that the magnetic properties are size-dependent. Using a complete magnetic characterization, sensitive to the change in the effective magnetic anisotropy, we show that the magnetic anisotropy is dominated by the contributions of the surface or of the shape of the nanoparticles
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Kryukov, Yevgen A. "Island nucleation and growth in epitaxial, amorphous, and nanoparticle thin-films". University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1309450447.
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Kairdolf, Brad A. "Development of polymer-coated nanoparticle imaging agents for diagnostic applications". Diss., Atlanta, Ga. : Georgia Institute of Technology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/31845.
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Thesis (Ph.D)--Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2010.Committee Chair: Nie, Shuming; Committee Member: Bao, Gang; Committee Member: Murthy, Niren; Committee Member: Varma, Vijay; Committee Member: Wang, Zhong Lin. Part of the SMARTech Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Collection.
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Hederström, Ida. "Purification and surface modification of polymeric nanoparticles for medical applications". Thesis, Linköping University, The Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-11172.
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Polymeric nanoparticles are potential candidates as carriers for pharmaceutical agents. Development of such nanoparticles generally requires molecules immobilized on the particle surfaces to ensure biocompatibility and/or targeting abilities. Following particle preparation and surface modification, excess reagents must be removed. Ultracentrifugation, which is the most widely used purification technique as per today, is not feasible in industrial applications. In this diploma work, tangential flow filtration is studied as an alternative purification method which is better suited for implementation in a large-scale process.
Comparison of ultracentrifugation and tangential flow filtration in diafiltration mode for purification of nanoparticles, indicate that they are comparable with respect to particle stability and the removal of the surfactant SDS from methacrylic anhydride nanoparticles. The purification efficiency of tangential flow filtration is superior to that of ultracentrifugation. Conductivity measurements of filtrates and supernatant liquids show that a stable conductivity value can be reached 6 times faster in filtration than in centrifugation with equipment and settings used. This conductivity arises from several types of molecules, and the contribution from surfactant molecules alone is not known. However, protein adsorption on the particles indicates successful removal of surfactant. Conductivity and tensiometry were evaluated as potential methods to quantify surfactant in solutions, but both proved unsatisfactory.
Using bovine serum albumin as a model protein, the extent of immobilization to nanoparticles is evaluated at different pH. A maximum amount of 6,8 mg/m2 is immobilized, whereof an unknown part is covalently bound. This coverage is achieved at pH 4,0 and is probably partly due to low electrostatic repulsion between particle and protein. An estimation of 2,0 µmol covalently bound BSA per gram of nanoparticles corresponds to 5,3 mg/m2 and a surface coverage of 76%. Removal of excess reagents after surface modification is done with ultracentrifugation instead of filtration, as particle aggregates present after the immobilization reaction might foul the membrane.
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Stolzoff, Michelle L. "Designing the surface properties of expansile nanoparticles for targeted cancer therapy". Thesis, Boston University, 2013. https://hdl.handle.net/2144/21256.
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Thesis (M.Sc.Eng.) PLEASE NOTE: Boston University Libraries did not receive an Authorization To Manage form for this thesis or dissertation. It is therefore not openly accessible, though it may be available by request. If you are the author or principal advisor of this work and would like to request open access for it, please contact us at open-help@bu.edu. Thank you.Nanoparticle-based drug delivery has been explored to circumvent the often-toxic chemotherapy treatments used today by providing a more efficient and specific delivery to diseased tissues. Recently we have developed polymeric pH-responsive expansile nanoparticles (eNPs) for intracellular delivery of paclitaxel (Pax) as an improvement upon the traditional methods of delivery of Pax with using Cremophor/ethanol. As eNPs are internalized by the cell, the hydrophobic protecting groups found on side chains along the polymer backbone are hydrolyzed, leaving behind hydrophilic moieties that cause the eNPs to slowly swell with water. In this manner, the encapsulation and controlled release of a hydrophobic drug can be achieved. By altering the surface characteristics of the eNPs, one can change the behavior of the delivery vehicle as well as the biological response. To explore this approach, two surfactant strategies were employed. Specifically, the original sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) surfactant has been substituted with PEGylated surfactants (either lipids or poloxamer) to improve circulation and in vivo stability. In addition, these surfactants were functionalized to target the folate receptor (FR), which is overexpressed in several cancers, in order to increase cancer cell-specific localization and uptake. The resulting eNPs retained their swelling characteristics while demonstrating improved cellular uptake in folate receptor-expressing KB and MDA-MB-231 carcinoma cells with no change in uptake in A549 cells, which do not express the folate receptor.
2031-01-01
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Uzun, Ceren. "Raman-dye-labeled Nanoparticle Probes For Dna Studies". Master's thesis, METU, 2012. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12614714/index.pdf.
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The interaction between nanoscience and biomedicine is one of the important developing areas of modern science. The usage of functional nanoparticles with biological molecules provides sensitive and selective detection, labeling and sensing of biomolecules. Until today, several novel types of tagging materials have been used in bioassays, such as plasmon-resonant particles, quantum dots (QDs), and metal nanoshells. However, nowadays, Surface enhanced raman scattering (SERS) tags have been attracting considerable attention as a tagging system. SERS-tags provide high signal enhancement, and they enable multiplex detection of biomolecules due to high specificity.
This thesis is focused on the designing proper SERS nanotags for DNA studies. SERS nano-tags are nanostructures consisting of core nanoparticle generally silver, Raman reporter molecule for labeling, and shell to make surface modifications and to prevent deterioration arising from environmental impact. Based on this information, silver core synthesized by thermal decomposition and chemical reduction methods. Thermal decomposition method provides synthesis of silver nanoparticles in hydrophobic medium, resulting in proper silica coating by reverse microemulsion method. On the other hand, silver nanoparticles sythesized by chemical reduction method exhibit hydrophilic property. Due to capping reagents, negatively charged silver nanoparticles could easily attach with positively charged Raman dye which is brilliant cresyl blue (BCB). After addition of Raman active molecule, silica coating process was done by using modified Stöber method. The resulting particles were characterized by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) ,UV-vis Spectrometry (UV-vis) and Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (SERS). In recent years, DNA detection has gained importance for cancer and disease diagnosis and the detection of harmful microorganisms in food and drink. In this study, gene sequences were detected via SERS. For this, probe sequences were labelled with Raman reporter molecule, BCB,and SERS nano-tags and were called as SERGen probes. Then, after hybridization of DNA targets to complementary probe sequences onto gold substrate, SERS peak was followed.
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Tamura, Ryo. "Augmented liver tageting of exosomes by surface modification with cationized pullulan". Kyoto University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/227595.
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Ishihara, M., S. Okawa, R. Sato, T. Hirasawa i T. Teranishi. "Photoacoustic Signal Enhancement by Localized Surface Plasmon of Gold Nanoparticles". Thesis, Sumy State University, 2013. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/35430.
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Photoacoustic imaging has been widely studied as a deep biological tissue imaging modality combining
optical absorption and ultrasonic detection. It enables multi-scale high resolution imaging of optical absorbing
intrinsic molecules as well as exogenous molecules. Gold nanoparticles have the primary advantages
of large absorption cross section and bioconjugation capability for the imaging contrast agents. In
order to design the photoacoustic imaging agents for enhancing the contrast with high specificity to targeted
molecules and / or cell, we measured and analyzed time-of-flight photoacoustic signals of aqueous solutions
of various shapes and sizes of gold nanoparticles. The signal intensities were sensitive to the shapes
and sizes of the gold nanoparticles. We found a strong photoacoustic signal of the polyhedral gold nanoparticle
due to the localized surface plasmon resonance. The experimental results derive the strategy of designing
the optimum photoacoustic contrast agents.
When you are citing the document, use the following link http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/35430
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See, Erich Michael. "Modeling Plasmon Resonance for a Gold Nanoparticle Plasmon-Enhanced Cadmium Sulfide Biosensor". Miami University / OhioLINK, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1249499557.
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Huang, Liang-wei, i 黃亮維. "TiO2 nanoparticle synthesis and surface modification". Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/23215149342915284237.
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碩士國立中央大學
材料科學與工程研究所
95
The objective of this research is to prepare a transparent and high refractive hybrid material, with a target refractive index of 1.8. We choose TiO2 as the inorganic component, due to its high refractive index (above 2.5). The oganic component may be epoxy or PMMA resin, which has a refractive index of 1.5~1.6. To achieve the desired refractive index, it was calculated that we needs about 28~35 % TiO2 by volume. Based on the surface area to volume ratio, such solid content can only be accomplished if the titania particles were about 30 nm. Therefore, the first step toward the objective is to synthesis uniform titania particles in the appropriate size range. For the preparation of nano-sized titania, we started from Ti(OH)4 precursors obtained by the hydrolysis and condensation of TiCl4 at designed pH condition. After washing away the salt, the precipitates could be peptized either in acid or alkaline. The peptized sol, although transparent, contains only nuclei of ~ 5 nm in size. Further hydrothermal reaction at ~200 oC was needed to grow the crystals to the desired size. It turned out that crystal growth only occurred if the hydrothermal was done at high alkalinity, particularly when tertiary amine was used. After 200 oC/ 4h of hydrothermal reaction, the initially 5 nm nuclei grew to about 30 nm as we hope. Unfortunately, the product was an aggregate in most of the cases with particle size about 40~100 nm. We find TiO2 concentration and TPAOH ration were the most important factors on the particle and grain size. Only in one occasion were we able to control the grain size to 13 nm and the particle size about 40 nm. The blending of inorganic particles into organic resin requires the modification of its surface. This can be done with silane as coupling agent. However, nano-sized TiO2 is known to be photocatalyst. The common practice is to passivate the surface by coating with inert such as Al2O3 or SiO2. The coating has to be complete, for incomplete coating might enhance the photocatalytic effect instead of reducing it. After obtaining titania from the hydrothermal reaction under TPAOH, they were washed and dispersed in ethanol and grafted with silane (GPS or MPS). Only in the case of MPS grafting were it able to form 1 wt% stable white-colloid in MEK, which is a comparable solvent for future incorporation of polymer.
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Fischer, Nicholas O. "Nanoparticle receptors for protein surface binding". 2006. https://scholarworks.umass.edu/dissertations/AAI3212728.
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The advent of nanobiotechnology has accelerated the application of nanoparticle in biological systems. The unique chemical and physical properties of nanoparticles have established their utility in the sensing and visualization of biological processes. Our goal, however, was to use nanoparticles to control biological activities, specifically through binding protein surfaces. Protein surface binding provides a powerful tool for evaluating and controlling biological processes beyond the scope of small molecules. Monolayer protected nanoparticles are versatile macromolcular scaffolds for protein surface binding. We have demonstrated the use of nanoparticles for efficient binding and inhibition of a model enzyme, chymotrypsin. Nanoparticles featuring a carboxylate-terminated alkanethiol monolayer elicited inhibition by a two-step process; initial binding via electrostatic complementarity followed by slow denaturation. By integrating poly(ethylene glycol) between the recognition unit and the alkane monolayer, inhibition was achieved with no change in chymotrypsin conformation, demonstrating the ability to control the mechanism of enzyme inhibition. Further control of the inhibition can be mediated through modification of the nanoparticle monolayer using cationic surfactants. These strategies for protein surface binding using nanoparticles as a scaffold have been extended to a more complex protein system by decorating the nanoparticles with target-specific peptides. In this manner, the interaction between HDM2 and p53 was successfully disrupted.
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Wroczynskyj, Yaroslav. "Determination of nanoparticle size and surface charge in suspension by an electroacoustic method". 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1993/30167.
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An apparatus intended to measure the pressure oscillations generated by nanoparticle suspensions in response to an AC electric field was designed and made operational. Electroacoustic measurements were performed on nanoparticle systems covering a range of particle sizes and zeta-potentials, determined using typical particle characterization techniques. The results of the electroacoustic experiments were mapped to the hydrodynamic size and zeta-potentials of the various nanoparticle systems. It was determined that while the electroacoustic technique can be used successfully to measure the motion of nanoparticles in response to an AC electric field, additional improvements to the electroacoustic apparatus are required to allow for a more rigorous mapping of electroacoustic measurements to particle hydrodynamic size and zeta-potential.
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CHAO, CHIH-MING, i 趙志明. "Surface Modifications for Iron Oxide Nanoparticle Assembly". Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/54197340706888440991.
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碩士國立彰化師範大學
機電工程學系
99
This research investigates the influence of three different surface modification methods, which can cause the contact angle and wettibilty to change considerably. We use Surface Evolver to calculate the surface energy from contact angle data of static drops. The information is critical for wet self-assembly process preparations and process designs. Three surface different modification technologies, including UV lithography patterning, atmospheric N2 plasma surface treatment and silanization, are tested on oxide, aluminum, ITO film, ITO glass, and copper structure on oxide substrate. Atmospheric plasma can generate free radicals, peroxide based or special functional groups for surface treatment, through the surface of the large amount of residual peroxide or a large number of polar groups can enhance the hydrophilic surface properties of a substrate. Silanization modifies the surface contact angle through self-assembly with organofunctional alkoxysilane molecules. Its alkoxy groups can be displaced by hydroxyl groups from metal oxide surface, thus forming a nonpolar covalent -Si-O-Si- bond and will therefore be hydrophobic. By using these surface modification methods, iron oxide particles can be successfully self-assembled to target regions.
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Lo, Ya-Ling. "Optical Enhanced Nanoparticle-Based Surface Plasmon Resonance Sensor". 2004. http://www.cetd.com.tw/ec/thesisdetail.aspx?etdun=U0001-1107200417441400.
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Chen, Le-Wei, i 陳立偉. "The Surface Enhanced Raman Scattering Of Silver Nanoparticle". Thesis, 2005. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/03906245648023601649.
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碩士國立中央大學
物理研究所
93
Abstract Sliver nanoparticles have been broadly used as SERS excitation media. In this studies, Ag nanoparticle filmspace(AGNF) were prepared by the standard thermal evaporation method, and the mean particle diameter was determined by X-ray diffraction and AFM, to be at 25nm. The optical properties and the SERS behavior of the resultant AGNF were investigated. The absorption spectra show that the most efficient band for exciting SPR in Ag nanoparticle lies in the UV regime, which agrees with the predicted result according to Mie theory. The penetrated intensity was found to be exponentially decreasing with the increasing of film thickness. The strongest integrated SERS intensity occurred at a film thickness of 4μm. Annealing of the AGNF results in a dramatic decrease in the SERS intensity, while a 30% increase in the SERS intensity was found when the temperature was cooling to 77K.
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Tsai, Yu-Ting, i 蔡育庭. "The Research of Surface Plasmon in Nanoparticle Array". Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/50509128436536851032.
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碩士國立臺灣大學
應用力學研究所
96
Surface Plasmon resonances of silver nanoparticle array under the Gaussian beam are investigated. By using Maxwell’s equation and mutli-multipole method, a set of linear equations of expansion coefficients is first constructed by satisfying boundary condition pointwisely. Singular value decomposition is then used to solve the overdetermined linear equation. Numerical results of sliver nanoparticle array under the Gaussian beam with energy transmission are presented. The single nanoparticle array, double nanoparticle array, Y-shape nanoparticle array and hexagonal nanoparticle array are discussed. It is demonstrated from numerical result that the energy transmission are depend on radius and gap of particles, and different particle radius lead to bandwidth red-shift. Energy fails to propagate to the end of nanoparticle turned structure, and low frequency pass filter appears in both case of hexagonal structure.