Artykuły w czasopismach: „Nanomedicine-drug delivery applications”

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Vandervoort, Jo, i Annick Ludwig. "Ocular drug delivery: nanomedicine applications". Nanomedicine 2, nr 1 (luty 2007): 11–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.2217/17435889.2.1.11.

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Joginder, Nagar, i Anupama Anand. "Recent Application of Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery System". Scholars Academic Journal of Pharmacy 11, nr 9 (20.09.2022): 155–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.36347/sajp.2022.v11i09.006.

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Nanoparticle drug delivery system is used for drug delivery applications in nanomedicine because of beneficial properties, such as better encapsulation, bioavailability, control release, and lower toxic effect. Nanomedicine and nano delivery systems are a relatively new but rapidly developing science where materials in the nano scale range are employed to serve as means of diagnostic tools or to deliver therapeutic agents to specific targeted sites in a controlled manner. There are a number of outstanding applications of the nanomedicine (chemotherapeutic agents, biological agents, immunotherapeutic agents etc. in the treatment of various diseases.The controlled self-assembly of organic and inorganic materials may enable their use in theranostic applications. This review presents an overview of a recent advanced nanoparticle system that can be used as a potential drug delivery carrier and focuses on the potential applications of nanoparticles in various biomedical fields for human health care.

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Afzal, Obaid, Abdulmalik S. A. Altamimi, Muhammad Shahid Nadeem, Sami I. Alzarea, Waleed Hassan Almalki, Aqsa Tariq, Bismillah Mubeen i in. "Nanoparticles in Drug Delivery: From History to Therapeutic Applications". Nanomaterials 12, nr 24 (19.12.2022): 4494. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano12244494.

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Current research into the role of engineered nanoparticles in drug delivery systems (DDSs) for medical purposes has developed numerous fascinating nanocarriers. This paper reviews the various conventionally used and current used carriage system to deliver drugs. Due to numerous drawbacks of conventional DDSs, nanocarriers have gained immense interest. Nanocarriers like polymeric nanoparticles, mesoporous nanoparticles, nanomaterials, carbon nanotubes, dendrimers, liposomes, metallic nanoparticles, nanomedicine, and engineered nanomaterials are used as carriage systems for targeted delivery at specific sites of affected areas in the body. Nanomedicine has rapidly grown to treat certain diseases like brain cancer, lung cancer, breast cancer, cardiovascular diseases, and many others. These nanomedicines can improve drug bioavailability and drug absorption time, reduce release time, eliminate drug aggregation, and enhance drug solubility in the blood. Nanomedicine has introduced a new era for drug carriage by refining the therapeutic directories of the energetic pharmaceutical elements engineered within nanoparticles. In this context, the vital information on engineered nanoparticles was reviewed and conferred towards the role in drug carriage systems to treat many ailments. All these nanocarriers were tested in vitro and in vivo. In the coming years, nanomedicines can improve human health more effectively by adding more advanced techniques into the drug delivery system.

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Ermakov, Alexey V., Ekaterina V. Lengert i Sergey B. Venig. "Nanomedicine and Drug Delivery Strategies for Theranostics Applications". Izvestiya of Saratov University. New series. Series: Physics 20, nr 2 (2020): 116–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.18500/1817-3020-2020-20-2-116-124.

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Sun, Michael, i Anirban Sen Gupta. "Vascular Nanomedicine: Current Status, Opportunities, and Challenges". Seminars in Thrombosis and Hemostasis 46, nr 05 (14.06.2019): 524–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-1692395.

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AbstractThe term “nanotechnology” was coined by Norio Taniguchi in the 1970s to describe the manipulation of materials at the nano (10−9) scale, and the term “nanomedicine” was put forward by Eric Drexler and Robert Freitas Jr. in the 1990s to signify the application of nanotechnology in medicine. Nanomedicine encompasses a variety of systems including nanoparticles, nanofibers, surface nano-patterning, nanoporous matrices, and nanoscale coatings. Of these, nanoparticle-based applications in drug formulations and delivery have emerged as the most utilized nanomedicine system. This review aims to present a comprehensive assessment of nanomedicine approaches in vascular diseases, emphasizing particle designs, therapeutic effects, and current state-of-the-art. The expected advantages of utilizing nanoparticles for drug delivery stem from the particle's ability to (1) protect the drug from plasma-induced deactivation; (2) optimize drug pharmacokinetics and biodistribution; (3) enhance drug delivery to the disease site via passive and active mechanisms; (4) modulate drug release mechanisms via diffusion, degradation, and other unique stimuli-triggered processes; and (5) biodegrade or get eliminated safely from the body. Several nanoparticle systems encapsulating a variety of payloads have shown these advantages in vascular drug delivery applications in preclinical evaluation. At the same time, new challenges have emerged regarding discrepancy between expected and actual fate of nanoparticles in vivo, manufacturing barriers of complex nanoparticle designs, and issues of toxicity and immune response, which have limited successful clinical translation of vascular nanomedicine systems. In this context, this review will discuss challenges and opportunities to advance the field of vascular nanomedicine.

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Azandaryani, Abbas H., Soheila Kashanian i Tahereh Jamshidnejad-Tosaramandani. "Recent Insights into Effective Nanomaterials and Biomacromolecules Conjugation in Advanced Drug Targeting". Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology 20, nr 7 (8.08.2019): 526–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1389201020666190417125101.

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Targeted drug delivery, also known as smart drug delivery or active drug delivery, is a subcategory of nanomedicine. Using this strategy, the medication is delivered into the infected organs in the patient’s body or to the targeted sites inside the cells. In order to improve therapeutic efficiency and pharmacokinetic characteristics of the active pharmaceutical agents, conjugation of biomacromolecules such as proteins, nucleic acids, monoclonal antibodies, aptamers, and nanoparticulate drug carriers, has been mostly recommended by scientists in the last decades. Several covalent conjugation pathways are used for biomacromolecules coupling with nanomaterials in nanomedicine including carbodiimides and “click” mediated reactions, thiol-mediated conjugation, and biotin-avidin interactions. However, choosing one or a combination of these methods with suitable coupling for application to advanced drug delivery is essential. This review focuses on new and high impacted published articles in the field of nanoparticles and biomacromolecules coupling studies, as well as their advantages and applications.

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Curley, Paul, Neill J. Liptrott i Andrew Owen. "Advances in nanomedicine drug delivery applications for HIV therapy". Future Science OA 4, nr 1 (styczeń 2018): FSO230. http://dx.doi.org/10.4155/fsoa-2017-0069.

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Vallet-Regí, María. "Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles: Their Projection in Nanomedicine". ISRN Materials Science 2012 (16.08.2012): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.5402/2012/608548.

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Mesoporous silica nanoparticles are receiving growing attention by the scientific biomedical community. Among the different types of inorganic nanomaterials, mesoporous silica nanoparticles have emerged as promising multifunctional platforms for nanomedicine. Since their introduction in the drug delivery landscape in 2001, mesoporous materials for drug delivery are receiving growing scientific interest for their potential applications in the biotechnology and nanomedicine fields. The ceramic matrix efficiently protects entrapped guest molecules against enzymatic degradation or denaturation induced by pH and temperature as no swelling or porosity changes take place as a response to variations in the surrounding medium. It is possible to load huge amounts of cargo into the mesopore voids and capping the pore entrances with different nanogates. The application of a stimulus provokes the nanocap removal and triggers the departure of the cargo. This strategy permits the design of stimuli-responsive drug delivery nanodevices.

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Yuan, Zhao, i Lu Zhang. "Photoinduced Controlled-Release Drug Delivery Systems for Applications in Nanomedicine". Current Organic Chemistry 20, nr 17 (31.05.2016): 1768–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1385272820666160112001944.

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Nikzamir, Mohammad, Younes Hanifehpour, Abolfazl Akbarzadeh i Yunes Panahi. "Applications of Dendrimers in Nanomedicine and Drug Delivery: A Review". Journal of Inorganic and Organometallic Polymers and Materials 31, nr 6 (24.02.2021): 2246–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10904-021-01925-2.

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Martins, Pedro, Daniela Rosa, Alexandra Fernandes i Pedro V. Baptista. "Nanoparticle Drug Delivery Systems: Recent Patents and Applications in Nanomedicine". Recent Patents on Nanomedicine 3, nr 2 (kwiecień 2014): 105–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1877912304666140304000133.

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Werengowska-Ciećwierz, Karolina, Marek Wiśniewski, Artur P. Terzyk i Sylwester Furmaniak. "The Chemistry of Bioconjugation in Nanoparticles-Based Drug Delivery System". Advances in Condensed Matter Physics 2015 (2015): 1–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/198175.

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Nanomedicine is, generally, the application of nanotechnology to medicine. The term nanomedicine includes monitoring, construction of novel drug delivery systems, and any possible future applications of nanotechnology and nanovaccinology. In this review, the most important ligand-nanocarrier and drug-nanocarrier bioconjugations are described. The detailed characterizations of covalently formed bonds between targeted ligand and nanocarrier, including amide, thioether, disulfide, acetyl-hydrazone and polycyclic groups, are described. Also, the coupling of small elements and heteroatoms in the form of R-X-R the “click chemistry” groups is shown. Physical adsorption and chemical bonding of drug to nanocarrier surface involving drug on the internal or external surfaces of nanocarriers are described throughout possibility of the formation of the above-mentioned functionalities. Moreover, the most popular nanostructures (liposomes, micelles, polymeric nanoparticles, dendrimers, carbon nanotubes, and nanohorns) are characterized as nanocarriers. Building of modern drug carrier is a new method which could be effectively applied in targeted anticancer therapy.

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Ahmed, Zaheer, i Rizwan Qaisar. "Nanomedicine for Treating Muscle Dystrophies: Opportunities, Challenges, and Future Perspectives". International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, nr 19 (10.10.2022): 12039. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms231912039.

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Muscular dystrophies are a group of genetic muscular diseases characterized by impaired muscle regeneration, which leads to pathological inflammation that drives muscle wasting and eventually results in weakness, functional dependency, and premature death. The most known causes of death include respiratory muscle failure due to diaphragm muscle decay. There is no definitive treatment for muscular dystrophies, and conventional therapies aim to ameliorate muscle wasting by promoting physiological muscle regeneration and growth. However, their effects on muscle function remain limited, illustrating the requirement for major advancements in novel approaches to treatments, such as nanomedicine. Nanomedicine is a rapidly evolving field that seeks to optimize drug delivery to target tissues by merging pharmaceutical and biomedical sciences. However, the therapeutic potential of nanomedicine in muscular dystrophies is poorly understood. This review highlights recent work in the application of nanomedicine in treating muscular dystrophies. First, we discuss the history and applications of nanomedicine from a broader perspective. Second, we address the use of nanoparticles for drug delivery, gene regulation, and editing to target Duchenne muscular dystrophy and myotonic dystrophy. Next, we highlight the potential hindrances and limitations of using nanomedicine in the context of cell culture and animal models. Finally, the future perspectives for using nanomedicine in clinics are summarized with relevance to muscular dystrophies.

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Bhardwaj, Snigdha. "A Comprehensive Review on Nanophytomedicines and their Applications". Dhaka University Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 22, nr 1 (24.06.2023): 115–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/dujps.v22i1.64147.

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Among natural sources we mainly consider the plant-based phytochemicals. Phytochemicals or the secondary metabolites are the extract obtained from the herbal plants which may serve as a great venture for their utilization as nanomedicine. Drugs or compounds converted to nano range shows unique characteristics which lengthen circulation, ameliorate localization, improve drug efficiency, etc. Nanomedicine is the type of formulation which uses the nanotechnology to deliver the drug in the form of nanoparticles incorporated within the nanocarriers. Nanocarriers intensify solubility and stability of phytochemicals, prolong their half-life in blood and achieve sitetargeting delivery. The development of phyto-based nano formulations has been explored to have potential applications in managing life-threatening diseases. The present review highlights the compilation on the potential of phyto nanotherapeutics over the conventional treatments against various serious leading disorders. Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 22(1): 115-124, 2023 (June)

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Xu, Manman, Xinpu Han, Hongtai Xiong, Yijie Gao, Bowen Xu, Guanghui Zhu i Jie Li. "Cancer Nanomedicine: Emerging Strategies and Therapeutic Potentials". Molecules 28, nr 13 (30.06.2023): 5145. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules28135145.

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Cancer continues to pose a severe threat to global health, making pursuing effective treatments more critical than ever. Traditional therapies, although pivotal in managing cancer, encounter considerable challenges, including drug resistance, poor drug solubility, and difficulties targeting tumors, specifically limiting their overall efficacy. Nanomedicine’s application in cancer therapy signals a new epoch, distinguished by the improvement of the specificity, efficacy, and tolerability of cancer treatments. This review explores the mechanisms and advantages of nanoparticle-mediated drug delivery, highlighting passive and active targeting strategies. Furthermore, it explores the transformative potential of nanomedicine in tumor therapeutics, delving into its applications across various treatment modalities, including surgery, chemotherapy, immunotherapy, radiotherapy, photodynamic and photothermal therapy, gene therapy, as well as tumor diagnosis and imaging. Meanwhile, the outlook of nanomedicine in tumor therapeutics is discussed, emphasizing the need for addressing toxicity concerns, improving drug delivery strategies, enhancing carrier stability and controlled release, simplifying nano-design, and exploring novel manufacturing technologies. Overall, integrating nanomedicine in cancer treatment holds immense potential for revolutionizing cancer therapeutics and improving patient outcomes.

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Singh, Aditi. "Nanomedicines: Recent Progress, Impact and Challenges in Applications". Asian Journal of Chemistry 33, nr 11 (2021): 2561–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.14233/ajchem.2021.23350.

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The ultra-fine size of nanoparticles gives them a unique material characteristics, such as remarkably vast surface area and high mobility or diffusibility in free state. They can be classified as hard or soft, depending upon the composition. Nanoparticles have proven to be highly promising in medicine, giving rise to a new field of study, nanomedicine. This rapidly evolving and upcoming branch of medicine is the study of nanomaterials and nanotechnology used for diagnosis, treatment and prevention of diseases. The review presented here summarizes the applications of nanotechnology in the field of medicine i.e. nanomedicine, specifically in diagnostics and drug delivery systems. It broadly covers nanotherapeutics with special focus on cancer, nanoformulations for drug delivery in biological systems, nanoimaging for diagnostics of life threatening diseases like cancer, CVD, neurodegenerative diseases and nanotoxicity on human health and concerns for environment safety.

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Lombardo, Domenico, Mikhail A. Kiselev i Maria Teresa Caccamo. "Smart Nanoparticles for Drug Delivery Application: Development of Versatile Nanocarrier Platforms in Biotechnology and Nanomedicine". Journal of Nanomaterials 2019 (27.02.2019): 1–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/3702518.

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The study of nanostructured drug delivery systems allows the development of novel platforms for the efficient transport and controlled release of drug molecules in the harsh microenvironment of diseased tissues of living systems, thus offering a wide range of functional nanoplatforms for smart application in biotechnology and nanomedicine. This article highlights recent advances of smart nanocarriers composed of organic (including polymeric micelles and vesicles, liposomes, dendrimers, and hydrogels) and inorganic (including quantum dots, gold and mesoporous silica nanoparticles) materials. Despite the remarkable developments of recent synthetic methodologies, most of all nanocarriers’ action is associated with a number of unwanted side effects that diminish their efficient use in biotechnology and nanomedicine applications. This highlights some critical issues in the design and engineering of nanocarrier systems for biotechnology applications, arising from the complex environment and multiform interactions established within the specific biological media.

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Hepel, Maria. "Magnetic Nanoparticles for Nanomedicine". Magnetochemistry 6, nr 1 (9.01.2020): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/magnetochemistry6010003.

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The field of nanomedicine has recently emerged as a product of the expansion of a range of nanotechnologies into biomedical science, pharmacology and clinical practice. Due to the unique properties of nanoparticles and the related nanostructures, their applications to medical diagnostics, imaging, controlled drug and gene delivery, monitoring of therapeutic outcomes, and aiding in medical interventions, provide a new perspective for challenging problems in such demanding issues as those involved in the treatment of cancer or debilitating neurological diseases. In this review, we evaluate the role and contributions that the applications of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) have made to various aspects of nanomedicine, including the newest magnetic particle imaging (MPI) technology allowing for outstanding spatial and temporal resolution that enables targeted contrast enhancement and real-time assistance during medical interventions. We also evaluate the applications of MNPs to the development of targeted drug delivery systems with magnetic field guidance/focusing and controlled drug release that mitigate chemotherapeutic drugs’ side effects and damage to healthy cells. These systems enable tackling of multiple drug resistance which develops in cancer cells during chemotherapeutic treatment. Furthermore, the progress in development of ROS- and heat-generating magnetic nanocarriers and magneto-mechanical cancer cell destruction, induced by an external magnetic field, is also discussed. The crucial roles of MNPs in the development of biosensors and microfluidic paper array devices (µPADs) for the detection of cancer biomarkers and circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are also assessed. Future challenges concerning the role and contributions of MNPs to the progress in nanomedicine have been outlined.

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Gerardos, Angelica M., Anastasia Balafouti i Stergios Pispas. "Mixed Copolymer Micelles for Nanomedicine". Nanomanufacturing 3, nr 2 (26.05.2023): 233–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nanomanufacturing3020015.

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Mixed micelles from copolymers in aqueous media have emerged as a valuable tool for producing functional polymer nanostructures with applications in nanomedicine, including drug delivery and bioimaging. In this review, we discuss the basics of mixed copolymer micelles’ design, structure, and physicochemical properties. We also focus on their utilization in biomedical applications using examples from recent literature.

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Oliveira, Alexandra M. L., Mónica Machado, Gabriela A. Silva, Diogo B. Bitoque, Joana Tavares Ferreira, Luís Abegão Pinto i Quirina Ferreira. "Graphene Oxide Thin Films with Drug Delivery Function". Nanomaterials 12, nr 7 (30.03.2022): 1149. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano12071149.

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Graphene oxide has been used in different fields of nanomedicine as a manager of drug delivery due to its inherent physical and chemical properties that allow its use in thin films with biomedical applications. Several studies demonstrated its efficacy in the control of the amount and the timely delivery of drugs when it is incorporated in multilayer films. It has been demonstrated that oxide graphene layers are able to work as drug delivery or just to delay consecutive drug dosage, allowing the operation of time-controlled systems. This review presents the latest research developments of biomedical applications using graphene oxide as the main component of a drug delivery system, with focus on the production and characterization of films, in vitro and in vivo assays, main applications of graphene oxide biomedical devices, and its biocompatibility properties.

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Nie, Yuhan, Guo Fu i Yuxin Leng. "Nuclear Delivery of Nanoparticle-Based Drug Delivery Systems by Nuclear Localization Signals". Cells 12, nr 12 (15.06.2023): 1637. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells12121637.

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Nanomedicine 2.0 refers to the next generation of nanotechnology-based medical therapies and diagnostic tools. This field focuses on the development of more sophisticated and precise nanoparticles (NPs) for targeted drug delivery, imaging, and sensing. It has been established that the nuclear delivery of NP-loaded drugs can increase their therapeutic efficacy. To effectively direct the NPs to the nucleus, the attachment of nuclear localization signals (NLSs) to NPs has been employed in many applications. In this review, we will provide an overview of the structure of nuclear pore complexes (NPCs) and the classic nuclear import mechanism. Additionally, we will explore various nanoparticles, including their synthesis, functionalization, drug loading and release mechanisms, nuclear targeting strategies, and potential applications. Finally, we will highlight the challenges associated with developing nucleus-targeted nanoparticle-based drug delivery systems (NDDSs) and provide insights into the future of NDDSs.

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Rastegari, Elham, Yu-Jer Hsiao, Wei-Yi Lai, Yun-Hsien Lai, Tien-Chun Yang, Shih-Jen Chen, Pin-I. Huang, Shih-Hwa Chiou, Chung-Yuan Mou i Yueh Chien. "An Update on Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticle Applications in Nanomedicine". Pharmaceutics 13, nr 7 (12.07.2021): 1067. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics13071067.

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The efficient and safe delivery of therapeutic drugs, proteins, and nucleic acids are essential for meaningful therapeutic benefits. The field of nanomedicine shows promising implications in the development of therapeutics by delivering diagnostic and therapeutic compounds. Nanomedicine development has led to significant advances in the design and engineering of nanocarrier systems with supra-molecular structures. Smart mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs), with excellent biocompatibility, tunable physicochemical properties, and site-specific functionalization, offer efficient and high loading capacity as well as robust and targeted delivery of a variety of payloads in a controlled fashion. Such unique nanocarriers should have great potential for challenging biomedical applications, such as tissue engineering, bioimaging techniques, stem cell research, and cancer therapies. However, in vivo applications of these nanocarriers should be further validated before clinical translation. To this end, this review begins with a brief introduction of MSNs properties, targeted drug delivery, and controlled release with a particular emphasis on their most recent diagnostic and therapeutic applications.

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Al Othman, Zeid A., Mohammad Mezbaul Alam, Mu Naushad, Inamuddin i Mohd Farhan Khan. "Inorganic Nanoparticles and Nanomaterials Based on Titanium (Ti): Applications in Medicine". Materials Science Forum 754 (kwiecień 2013): 21–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.754.21.

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Nanomedicine is a relatively new field of science and technology. By interacting with biomolecules, therefore at nanoscale, nanotechnology opens up a vast field of research and application. Current and potential applications of nanotechnology in medicine range from research involving diagnostic devices, drug delivery vehicles to enhanced gene therapy and tissue engineering procedures. Its advantage over conventional medicine lies on its size. Operating at nanoscale allows to exploit physical properties different from those observed at microscale such as the volume/surface ratio. This allows drugs of nanosize be used in lower concentration and has an earlier onset of therapeutic action. It also provides materials for controlled drug delivery by directing carriers to a specific location. Inorganic nanomedicine is likely to remain one of the most prolific fields of nanomedicine, which refers to the use of inorganic or hybrid (inorganic-inorganic or inorganic-organic) nanomaterials (INMs) and nanoparticles (INPs) to achieve innovative medical advances for body parts implantation, drug and gene discovery and delivery, discovery of biomarkers, and molecular diagnostics. Among the most promising INMs being developed are metal, silica, dendrimers, organic-inorganic hybrids, ceramics (e.g. ZrO2, TiO2, Al2O3, etc.) and bioinorganic hybrids. Metal NP contrast agents enhance magnetic resonance imaging and ultrasound results in biomedical applications of in vivo imaging. Hollow and porous INMs have been exploited for drug and gene delivery, diagnostic imaging, and photothermal therapy. Biomolecular inorganic nanohybrids and nanostructured biomaterials have been exploited for targeted imaging and therapy, drug and gene delivery, and regenerative medicine. Potential uses for fluorescent quantum dots (QDs) include cell labeling, biosensing, in vivo imaging, bimodal magnetic-luminescent imaging, and diagnostics. Biocompatible QD conjugates have been used successfully for sentinel lymph node mapping, tumor targeting, tumor angiogenesis imaging, and metastasis cell tracking. This article outlines present developments and future prospects for the use of Ti-based NPs and NMs in experimental in vivo and in vitro studies and in engineering nanodevices and biosensors for clinical and investigative use in diagnosis and therapy in diverse fields of medical sciences, such as oncology, infection control, orthopedics, dentistry, dermatology, genetics, cardiology, ophthalmology, etc. Toxicological considerations of these INPs and INMs are also discussed.

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Tesauro, Diego, Antonella Accardo, Carlo Diaferia, Vittoria Milano, Jean Guillon, Luisa Ronga i Filomena Rossi. "Peptide-Based Drug-Delivery Systems in Biotechnological Applications: Recent Advances and Perspectives". Molecules 24, nr 2 (19.01.2019): 351. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules24020351.

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Peptides of natural and synthetic sources are compounds operating in a wide range of biological interactions. They play a key role in biotechnological applications as both therapeutic and diagnostic tools. They are easily synthesized thanks to solid-phase peptide devices where the amino acid sequence can be exactly selected at molecular levels, by tuning the basic units. Recently, peptides achieved resounding success in drug delivery and in nanomedicine smart applications. These applications are the most significant challenge of recent decades: they can selectively deliver drugs to only pathological tissues whilst saving the other districts of the body. This specific feature allows a reduction in the drug side effects and increases the drug efficacy. In this context, peptide-based aggregates present many advantages, including biocompatibility, high drug loading capacities, chemical diversity, specific targeting, and stimuli responsive drug delivery. A dual behavior is observed: on the one hand they can fulfill a structural and bioactive role. In this review, we focus on the design and the characterization of drug delivery systems using peptide-based carriers; moreover, we will also highlight the peptide ability to self-assemble and to actively address nanosystems toward specific targets.

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Pinelli, Filippo, Óscar Fullana Ortolà, Pooyan Makvandi, Giuseppe Perale i Filippo Rossi. "In vivo drug delivery applications of nanogels: a review". Nanomedicine 15, nr 27 (listopad 2020): 2707–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.2217/nnm-2020-0274.

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In recent years, nanogels have emerged as promising drug delivery vehicles; their ability in holding active molecules, macromolecules and drugs, together with the capability to respond to external stimuli, makes them a suitable tool for a wide range of applications. These features allow nanogels to be exploited against many challenges of nanomedicine associated with different kinds of pathologies which require the use of specific drug delivery systems. In this review our aim is to give the reader an overview of the diseases that can be treated with nanogels as drug delivery systems, such as cancer, CNS disorders, cardiovascular diseases, wound healing and other diseases of human body. For all of these pathologies, biological in vivo assays can be found in the literature and in this work. We focus on the peculiarities of these nanogels, highlighting their features and their advantages in respect to conventional treatments.

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Xiang, Zhichu, Mouquan Liu i Jun Song. "Stimuli-Responsive Polymeric Nanosystems for Controlled Drug Delivery". Applied Sciences 11, nr 20 (14.10.2021): 9541. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11209541.

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Biocompatible nanosystems based on polymeric materials are promising drug delivery nanocarrier candidates for antitumor therapy. However, the efficacy is unsatisfying due to nonspecific accumulation and drug release of the nanoparticles in normal tissue. Recently, the nanosystems that can be triggered by tumor-specific stimuli have drawn great interest for drug delivery applications due to their controllable drug release properties. In this review, various polymers and external stimuli that can be employed to develop stimuli-responsive polymeric nanosystems are discussed, and finally, we delineate the challenges in designing this kind of Nanomedicine to improve the therapeutic efficacy.

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van Calster, Geert, i Joel D'Silva. "Taking Temperature — A Review of European Union Regulation in Nanomedicine". European Journal of Health Law 16, nr 3 (2009): 249–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157180909x453071.

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AbstractNanomedicine, the application of nanotechnology to healthcare offers numerous improvements to medical diagnosis, drug delivery, therapy and implants. The potential impact of nanomedicine is foreseen radically to change health care; however it also challenges existing perceptions, dynamics and standards relating to ethics, safety and governance. This paper introduces the emerging field of nanomedicine and then proceeds to detail the current regulatory framework and regulatory bodies in the European Union relating to medicinal products, medical devices, biologics and therapies. This is followed by a detailed analysis of two nanomedical applications in the context of regulatory challenges. The paper concludes with a discussion of the adequacy of the current regulatory regime in Europe and where problems are likely to arise as nanomedicine evolves.

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Mishra, Manisha, Kamal Prasad, S. Ramakrishn i Anal Kant Jha. "Nanomaterials in drug delivery—Promises and limitations". Nano and Medical Materials 3, nr 1 (25.06.2023): 38. http://dx.doi.org/10.59400/nmm.v3i1.38.

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The unprecedented upsurge of human suffering, whose canvas seems to broaden by the emergence of incurable diseases as a result of evolution of novel strains of microbes is further compounded by the development of antimicrobial resistance, growing urbanization and lifestyle. Nanomaterials are of nano size-ranging from 10–100 nm, and nowadays, they are finding immense applications in drug delivery owing to their advantages over the conventional drug delivery systems. This review article aims to discuss various types of nanomaterials including polymeric nanoparticles (polymersomes, dendrimers, polymer micelles, nanospheres, and nanogels), inorganic nanoparticles (SiNPs, quantum dots, MXenes, FeONPs, and AuNPs) and lipid-based nanomaterials (liposome, lipid nanoparticles, emulsions, and niosomes) in drug delivery applications. Besides this, the manuscript also discusses their limitations, suitability, theranostics, and safety concerns in drug delivery. From the discussion about their applications and limitations in drug delivery, it can be conclusively stated that because of their versatility, the nanomaterials are promising contenders in the field of nanomedicine and their utility in healthcare has convincingly endorsed the fact that however ‘nano’ the dimensions of nanomaterials are, they have colossal relevance.

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Abdellatif, Ahmed A. H., i Abdullah Fahad Alsowinea. "Approved and marketed nanoparticles for disease targeting and applications in COVID-19". Nanotechnology Reviews 10, nr 1 (1.01.2021): 1941–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ntrev-2021-0115.

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Abstract Nano-based systems can be used to transport active medicinal products to specific parts of the body. Most challenges with drug delivery, such as low water solubility and poor bioavailability, can be solved using nanotechnology. In addition, nanoparticles can overcome various physiological obstacles to increase load distribution to desired sites. Nanoparticles can carry a load of medication or therapeutic agent, such as a DNA-related substance, to enhance distribution time and deliver the drug to the target site in either a nonspecific (through enhanced permeability and retention (EPR)) or specific (through binding specific target receptors) manner. Moreover, nanoparticle drug delivery systems have been employed in the clinic since the early 1990s. Since then, the field of nanomedicine has developed with growing technical needs to improve the delivery of various medications. Over these past decades, newer generations of nanoparticles have emerged that are capable of conducting new delivery activities that could enable therapy via innovative therapeutic modalities. This review highlights different types of approved and currently marketed nanoparticles, such as nanocrystals, liposomes, lipid nanoparticles, PEGylated polymeric nanoparticles, protein-based nanoparticles, and metal-based nanoparticles. Furthermore, it explores the use of vaccine-loaded nanoparticles for COVID-19 prophylaxis.

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Provenzale, James M., i Aaron M. Mohs. "Nanotechnology in Neurology—Current Status and Future Possibilities". US Neurology 06, nr 01 (2010): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.17925/usn.2010.06.01.12.

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The field of nanomedicine is rapidly emerging and will provide many novel methods for diagnosis and treatment. In this article the applications of nanotechnology to the central nervous system (CNS) will be described. Nanotechnology provides many potential solutions to various problems encountered in CNS diseases. Specifically, nanomedicine offers the possibility of new methods of drug delivery, more sensitive and specific means for diagnosis of disease at earlier stages and assessment of treatment response, and also potential techniques for neuro-protection and neuro-engineering. In this article, information is provided on the various types of nanoparticles involved in medical applications, the principles of nanoparticle delivery and targeting, and bothin vivoandex vivouses of nanoscale materials.

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Kumar, Hemant, Pramod Kumar, Vishal Singh, Shwetank Shashi Pandey i Balaram Pani. "Synthesis and surface modification of biocompatible mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) and its biomedical applications: a review". Research Journal of Chemistry and Environment 27, nr 2 (15.01.2023): 135–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.25303/2702rjce1350146.

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This review gives a broad introduction to nanotechnology, mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) and synthesis techniques, along with their applications. Recent advances in morphological control and surface functionalization of MSNs have improved their biocompatibility and a strong emphasis on the physicochemical characteristics of MSNs, resulting in a step forward in traditional intervention techniques. This review highlights recent improvements in silica-assisted drug delivery systems including MSN-based sustained drug delivery systems and MSN-based controlled, targeted drug delivery systems. Silica nanoparticles can be used to blend different materials, mix different functions and be a cornerstone for a multifunctional nanomedicine podium for multimodal imaging and diagnostics therapy.

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Lakshmanan, Rajesh, i Nilanjana Maulik. "Graphene-based drug delivery systems in tissue engineering and nanomedicine". Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology 96, nr 9 (wrzesień 2018): 869–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjpp-2018-0225.

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The time and dosage form of graphene derivatives have been found to determine therapeutic and toxic windows in several cell lines and preclinical models. The enhanced biological action of graphene derivatives is made possible by altering the chemistry of native materials via surface conjugation, or by changing the oxidation state. The high level of chemical reactivity vested in the planar structure of graphene can be used to load various drugs and biomolecules with maximum radical scavenging effect. The integration of graphene and polymers brings electrical conductivity to scaffolds, making them ideal for cardiac or neuronal tissue engineering. Drawbacks associated with graphene-based materials for biomedical applications include defect-free graphene formation and heteroatom contamination during synthesis process; reduced availability of sp2 hybridized carbon centers due to serum proteins masking; and poor availability of data pertaining to in vivo clearance of graphene-based formulations. Personalized medicine is an emerging area of alternative treatments, which in combination with graphene-based nanobiomaterials, has revolutionary potential for the development of individualized nanocarriers to treat highly challenging diseases.

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Sabit, Hussein, Mohamed Abdel-Hakeem, Tahsin Shoala, Shaimaa Abdel-Ghany, Mokhtar Mamdouh Abdel-Latif, Jawaher Almulhim i Mohamed Mansy. "Nanocarriers: A Reliable Tool for the Delivery of Anticancer Drugs". Pharmaceutics 14, nr 8 (28.07.2022): 1566. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics14081566.

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Nanomedicines have gained popularity due to their potential therapeutic applications, especially cancer treatment. Targeted nanoparticles can deliver drugs directly to cancer cells and enable prolonged drug release, reducing off-target toxicity and increasing therapeutic efficacy. However, translating nanomedicines from preclinical to clinical settings has been difficult. Rapid advancements in nanotechnology promise to enhance cancer therapies. Nanomedicine offers advanced targeting and multifunctionality. Nanoparticles (NPs) have several uses nowadays. They have been studied as drug transporters, tumor gene delivery agents, and imaging contrast agents. Nanomaterials based on organic, inorganic, lipid, or glycan substances and synthetic polymers have been used to enhance cancer therapies. This review focuses on polymeric nanoparticle delivery strategies for anticancer nanomedicines.

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Wang, Qi, Keerthi Atluri, Amit K. Tiwari i R. Jayachandra Babu. "Exploring the Application of Micellar Drug Delivery Systems in Cancer Nanomedicine". Pharmaceuticals 16, nr 3 (12.03.2023): 433. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ph16030433.

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Various formulations of polymeric micelles, tiny spherical structures made of polymeric materials, are currently being investigated in preclinical and clinical settings for their potential as nanomedicines. They target specific tissues and prolong circulation in the body, making them promising cancer treatment options. This review focuses on the different types of polymeric materials available to synthesize micelles, as well as the different ways that micelles can be tailored to be responsive to different stimuli. The selection of stimuli-sensitive polymers used in micelle preparation is based on the specific conditions found in the tumor microenvironment. Additionally, clinical trends in using micelles to treat cancer are presented, including what happens to micelles after they are administered. Finally, various cancer drug delivery applications involving micelles are discussed along with their regulatory aspects and future outlooks. As part of this discussion, we will examine current research and development in this field. The challenges and barriers they may have to overcome before they can be widely adopted in clinics will also be discussed.

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Petrovic, Danijela, Mariana Seke, Branislava Srdjenovic i Aleksandar Djordjevic. "Applications of Anti/Prooxidant Fullerenes in Nanomedicine along with Fullerenes Influence on the Immune System". Journal of Nanomaterials 2015 (2015): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/565638.

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Fullerenes are molecules that, due to their unique structure, have very specific chemical properties which offer them very wide array of applications in nanomedicine. The most prominent are protection from radiation-induced injury, neuroprotection, drug and gene delivery, anticancer therapy, adjuvant within different treatments, photosensitizing, sonosensitizing, bone reparation, and biosensing. However, it is of crucial importance to be elucidated how fullerenes immunomodulate human system of defense. In addition, the most current research, merging immunology and nanomedicine, results in development of nanovaccines, which may represent the milestone of future treatment of diseases.

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Ganapathy, Dhanraj, Rajeshkumar Shanmugam, Sivaperumal Pitchiah, Preethika Murugan, Arunachalam Chinnathambi, Sulaiman Ali Alharbi, Kaliannan Durairaj i Ashok K. Sundramoorthy. "Potential Applications of Halloysite Nanotubes as Drug Carriers: A Review". Journal of Nanomaterials 2022 (20.04.2022): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/1068536.

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Halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) are naturally occurring tubular clay nanomaterials that are made from multiple-rolled aluminosilicate kaolin panels. The aluminol and siloxane groups on the surface of HNT facilitate the formation of hydrogen bonds with biomaterials on its surface. It is a cost-effective nanomaterial that found applications in a variety of fields of science and technology. The biocompatible properties of HNT resulted in various applications such as in nanomedicine, biomedicine, tissue engineering, drug delivery, sequence delivery, cancer, stem cells isolation, bioimaging, and sensors. Due to its tubular form, it has played a vital role as drug delivery carriers, superior nanocarrier for numerous medicines, and biological agents with larger loading capacity and longer releasing kinetics. HNT has also been investigated and used extensively in targeted drug transfer applications with a variety of medicines. These studies provided positive outcomes which have led to versatile medicinal applications. Herein, we have highlighted the latest developments on HNT-based drug carriers.

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Satish, Swathi, Maithri Tharmavaram i Deepak Rawtani. "Halloysite nanotubes as a nature’s boon for biomedical applications". Nanobiomedicine 6 (styczeń 2019): 184954351986362. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1849543519863625.

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The arena of biomedical science has long been in quest of innovative mediums for diagnostic and therapeutic applications. The latest being the use of nanomaterials for such applications, thereby giving rise to the branch of nanomedicine. Halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) are naturally occurring tubular clay nanomaterials, made of aluminosilicate kaolin sheets rolled several times. The aluminol and siloxane groups on the surface of HNT facilitate the formation of hydrogen bonding with the biomaterials onto its surface. These properties render HNT pivotal in diverse range of applications, such as in environmental sciences, waste-water treatment, dye removal, nanoelectronics and fabrication of nanocomposites, catalytic studies, as glass coatings or anticorrosive coatings, in cosmetics, as flame retardants, stimuli response, and forensic sciences. The specific properties of HNT also lead to numerous applications in biomedicine and nanomedicine, namely drug delivery, gene delivery, tissue engineering, cancer and stem cells isolation, and bioimaging. In this review, recent developments in the use of HNT for various nanomedicinal applications have been discussed.

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Ramachandran, Gurumurthy, John Howard, Andrew Maynard i Martin Philbert. "Handling Worker and Third-Party Exposures to Nanotherapeutics During Clinical Trials". Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics 40, nr 4 (2012): 856–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-720x.2012.00714.x.

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Nanomedicine is a rapidly growing field in the academic as well as commercial arena. While some had predicted nanomedicine sales to reach $20.1 billion in 2011, the actual growth was much more rapid, with the global nanomedicine market being valued at $53 billion in 2009, and forecast to increase at an annual growth rate of 13.5% to reach more than $100 billion in 2014. In 2006, more than 130 nanotechnology-based drugs and delivery systems had entered preclinical, clinical, or commercial development. The European Medicines Agency (EMA) reviewed 18 marketing authorization applications for nanomedicines in 2010. In 2011, 22 drugs that had been approved by the FDA, and 87 Phase I and Phase II clinical trials were listed in the U.S. National Institutes of Health (NIH) data base, www.clinicaltrials.gov. Although the fastest growing areas of nanomedicine are applications in medical imaging and diagnosis using contrast-enhancing agents, most nanomedicine research and commercialization is in the area of cancer drug therapy, including nano gold shells.

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Barbosa, Ana Isabel, Ana Joyce Coutinho, Sofia A. Costa Lima i Salette Reis. "Marine Polysaccharides in Pharmaceutical Applications: Fucoidan and Chitosan as Key Players in the Drug Delivery Match Field". Marine Drugs 17, nr 12 (21.11.2019): 654. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/md17120654.

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The use of marine-origin polysaccharides has increased in recent research because they are abundant, cheap, biocompatible, and biodegradable. These features motivate their application in nanotechnology as drug delivery systems; in tissue engineering, cancer therapy, or wound dressing; in biosensors; and even water treatment. Given the physicochemical and bioactive properties of fucoidan and chitosan, a wide range of nanostructures has been developed with these polysaccharides per se and in combination. This review provides an outline of these marine polysaccharides, including their sources, chemical structure, biological properties, and nanomedicine applications; their combination as nanoparticles with descriptions of the most commonly used production methods; and their physicochemical and biological properties applied to the design of nanoparticles to deliver several classes of compounds. A final section gives a brief overview of some biomedical applications of fucoidan and chitosan for tissue engineering and wound healing.

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Yang, Guang, Yue Lu, Hunter N. Bomba i Zhen Gu. "Cysteine-rich Proteins for Drug Delivery and Diagnosis". Current Medicinal Chemistry 26, nr 8 (16.05.2019): 1377–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/0929867324666170920163156.

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An emerging focus in nanomedicine is the exploration of multifunctional nanocomposite materials that integrate stimuli-responsive, therapeutic, and/or diagnostic functions. In this effort, cysteine-rich proteins have drawn considerable attention as a versatile platform due to their good biodegradability, biocompatibility, and ease of chemical modification. This review surveys cysteine-rich protein-based biomedical materials, including protein-metal nanohybrids, gold nanoparticle-protein agglomerates, protein-based nanoparticles, and hydrogels, with an emphasis on their preparation methods, especially those based on the cysteine residue-related reactions. Their applications in tumor-targeted drug delivery and diagnostics are highlighted.

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Freitas, Robert A. "Pharmacytes: An Ideal Vehicle for Targeted Drug Delivery". Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 6, nr 9 (1.09.2006): 2769–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2006.413.

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An ideal nanotechnology-based drug delivery system is a pharmacyte—a self-powered, computer-controlled medical nanorobot system capable of digitally precise transport, timing, and targeted delivery of pharmaceutical agents to specific cellular and intracellular destinations within the human body. Pharmacytes may be constructed using future molecular manufacturing technologies such as diamond mechanosynthesis which are currently being investigated theoretically using quantum ab initio and density-functional computational methods. Pharmacytes will have many applications in nanomedicine such as initiation of apoptosis in cancer cells and direct control of cell signaling processes.

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Vinci, Giuliana, i Mattia Rapa. "Noble Metal Nanoparticles Applications: Recent Trends in Food Control". Bioengineering 6, nr 1 (21.01.2019): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering6010010.

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Scientific research in the nanomaterials field is constantly evolving, making it possible to develop new materials and above all to find new applications. Therefore, nanoparticles (NPs) are suitable for different applications: nanomedicine, drug delivery, sensors, optoelectronics and food control. This review explores the recent trend in food control of using noble metallic nanoparticles as determination tools. Two major uses of NPs in food control have been found: the determination of contaminants and bioactive compounds. Applications were found for the determination of mycotoxins, pesticides, drug residues, allergens, probable carcinogenic compounds, bacteria, amino acids, gluten and antioxidants. The new developed methods are competitive for their use in food control, demonstrated by their validation and application to real samples.

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Al-Hatamleh, Mohammad A. I., Suhana Ahmad, Jennifer C. Boer, JitKang Lim, Xin Chen, Magdalena Plebanski i Rohimah Mohamud. "A Perspective Review on the Role of Nanomedicine in the Modulation of TNF-TNFR2 Axis in Breast Cancer Immunotherapy". Journal of Oncology 2019 (23.05.2019): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/6313242.

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In the past decade, nanomedicine research has provided us with highly useful agents (nanoparticles) delivering therapeutic drugs to target cancer cells. The present review highlights nanomedicine applications for breast cancer immunotherapy. Recent studies have suggested that tumour necrosis factor (TNF) and its receptor 2 (TNFR2) expressed on breast cancer cells have important functional consequences. This cytokine/receptor interaction is also critical for promoting highly immune-suppressive phenotypes by regulatory T cells (Tregs). This review generally provides a background for nanoparticles as potential drug delivery agents for immunomodulators and further discusses in depth the potential of TNF antagonists delivery to modulate TNF-TNFR2 interactions and inhibit breast cancer progression.

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Bai, Xue, Zara L. Smith, Yuheng Wang, Sam Butterworth i Annalisa Tirella. "Sustained Drug Release from Smart Nanoparticles in Cancer Therapy: A Comprehensive Review". Micromachines 13, nr 10 (28.09.2022): 1623. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi13101623.

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Although nanomedicine has been highly investigated for cancer treatment over the past decades, only a few nanomedicines are currently approved and in the market; making this field poorly represented in clinical applications. Key research gaps that require optimization to successfully translate the use of nanomedicines have been identified, but not addressed; among these, the lack of control of the release pattern of therapeutics is the most important. To solve these issues with currently used nanomedicines (e.g., burst release, systemic release), different strategies for the design and manufacturing of nanomedicines allowing for better control over the therapeutic release, are currently being investigated. The inclusion of stimuli-responsive properties and prolonged drug release have been identified as effective approaches to include in nanomedicine, and are discussed in this paper. Recently, smart sustained release nanoparticles have been successfully designed to safely and efficiently deliver therapeutics with different kinetic profiles, making them promising for many drug delivery applications and in specific for cancer treatment. In this review, the state-of-the-art of smart sustained release nanoparticles is discussed, focusing on the design strategies and performances of polymeric nanotechnologies. A complete list of nanomedicines currently tested in clinical trials and approved nanomedicines for cancer treatment is presented, critically discussing advantages and limitations with respect to the newly developed nanotechnologies and manufacturing methods. By the presented discussion and the highlight of nanomedicine design criteria and current limitations, this review paper could be of high interest to identify key features for the design of release-controlled nanomedicine for cancer treatment.

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Borah Slater, Khushboo, Daniel Kim, Pooja Chand, Ye Xu, Hanif Shaikh i Vaishali Undale. "A Current Perspective on the Potential of Nanomedicine for Anti-Tuberculosis Therapy". Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease 8, nr 2 (3.02.2023): 100. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed8020100.

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Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the ten infectious diseases that cause the highest amount of human mortality and morbidity. This infection, which is caused by a single pathogen, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, kills over a million people every year. There is an emerging problem of antimicrobial resistance in TB that needs urgent treatment and management. Tuberculosis treatment is complicated by its complex drug regimen, its lengthy duration and the serious side-effects caused by the drugs required. There are a number of critical issues around drug delivery and subsequent intracellular bacterial clearance. Drugs have a short lifespan in systemic circulation, which limits their activity. Nanomedicine in TB is an emerging research area which offers the potential of effective drug delivery using nanoparticles and a reduction in drug doses and side-effects to improve patient compliance with the treatment and enhance their recovery. Here, we provide a minireview of anti-TB treatment, research progress on nanomedicine and the prospects for future applications in developing innovative therapies.

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Salehi, Bahare, María L. Del Prado-Audelo, Hernán Cortés, Gerardo Leyva-Gómez, Zorica Stojanović-Radić, Yengkhom Disco Singh, Jayanta Kumar Patra i in. "Therapeutic Applications of Curcumin Nanomedicine Formulations in Cardiovascular Diseases". Journal of Clinical Medicine 9, nr 3 (10.03.2020): 746. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm9030746.

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Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) compromises a group of heart and blood vessels disorders with high impact on human health and wellbeing. Curcumin (CUR) have demonstrated beneficial effects on these group of diseases that represent a global burden with a prevalence that continues increasing progressively. Pre- and clinical studies have demonstrated the CUR effects in CVD through its anti-hypercholesterolemic and anti-atherosclerotic effects and its protective properties against cardiac ischemia and reperfusion. However, the CUR therapeutic limitation is its bioavailability. New CUR nanomedicine formulations are developed to solve this problem. The present article aims to discuss different studies and approaches looking into the promising role of nanotechnology-based drug delivery systems to deliver CUR and its derivatives in CVD treatment, with an emphasis on their formulation properties, experimental evidence, bioactivity, as well as challenges and opportunities in developing these systems.

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Verma, Deepali, Neha Gulati, Shreya Kaul, Siddhartha Mukherjee i Upendra Nagaich. "Protein Based Nanostructures for Drug Delivery". Journal of Pharmaceutics 2018 (16.05.2018): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/9285854.

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The key role of protein based nanostructures has recently revolutionized the nanomedicine era. Protein nanoparticles have turned out to be the major grounds for the transformation of different properties of many conventional materials by virtue of their size and greater surface area which instigates them to be more reactive to some other molecules. Protein nanoparticles have better biocompatibilities and biodegradability and also have the possibilities for surface modifications. These nanostructures can be synthesized by using protein like albumin, gelatin, whey protein, gliadin, legumin, elastin, zein, soy protein, and milk protein. The techniques for their fabrication include emulsification, desolvation, complex coacervation, and electrospray. The characterization parameters of protein nanoparticles comprise particle size, particle morphology, surface charge, drug loading, determination of drug entrapment, and particle structure and in vitro drug release. A plethora of protein nanoparticles applications via different routes of administration are explored and reported by eminent researchers which are highlighted in the present review along with the patents granted for protein nanoparticles as drug delivery carriers.

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Liu, Zhen, Lan Xie, Jia Yan, Pengfei Liu, Huixiang Wen i Huijun Liu. "Folic Acid-Targeted MXene Nanoparticles for Doxorubicin Loaded Drug Delivery". Australian Journal of Chemistry 74, nr 12 (2021): 847. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ch21216.

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MXenes are two-dimensional (2D) materials with a large specific surface area and abundant surface functional groups. A folate receptors-targeted drug carrier was constructed based on the rich surface functional groups and high biocompatibility of MXenes. This drug carrier possesses as high as 69.9 % drug-loading capability and as long as 48 h drug release time. Tumour targeting and a pH-responsive mechanism can make MXene nanoparticles quickly accumulate in tumour sites and slowly release loads. The results showed that DOX was released in a large amount in a PBS solution at pH 4.5. Compared with the naked drug, MXenes-FA-SP@DOX has a higher cell inhibition rate and a longer drug action time at a lower concentration (less than 10 μg mg−1). This drug delivery system exhibited potential applications for the treatment of malignant tumour and this work extends the biomedical applications of MXenes in nanomedicine.

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Van Zundert, Indra, Beatrice Fortuni i Susana Rocha. "From 2D to 3D Cancer Cell Models—The Enigmas of Drug Delivery Research". Nanomaterials 10, nr 11 (11.11.2020): 2236. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano10112236.

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Over the past decades, research has made impressive breakthroughs towards drug delivery systems, resulting in a wide range of multifunctional engineered nanoparticles with biomedical applications such as cancer therapy. Despite these significant advances, well-designed nanoparticles rarely reach the clinical stage. Promising results obtained in standard 2D cell culture systems often turn into disappointing outcomes in in vivo models. Although the overall majority of in vitro nanoparticle research is still performed on 2D monolayer cultures, more and more researchers started acknowledging the importance of using 3D cell culture systems, as better models for mimicking the in vivo tumor physiology. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of the 3D cancer cell models currently available. We highlight their potential as a platform for drug delivery studies and pinpoint the challenges associated with their use. We discuss in which way each 3D model mimics the in vivo tumor physiology, how they can or have been used in nanomedicine research and to what extent the results obtained so far affect the progress of nanomedicine development. It is of note that the global scientific output associated with 3D models is limited, showing that the use of these systems in nanomedicine investigation is still highly challenging.

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Vargas-Molinero, Hever Yuritzy, Aracely Serrano-Medina, Kenia Palomino-Vizcaino, Eduardo Alberto López-Maldonado, Luis Jesús Villarreal-Gómez, Graciela Lizeth Pérez-González i José Manuel Cornejo-Bravo. "Hybrid Systems of Nanofibers and Polymeric Nanoparticles for Biological Application and Delivery Systems". Micromachines 14, nr 1 (14.01.2023): 208. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi14010208.

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Nanomedicine is a new discipline resulting from the combination of nanotechnology and biomedicine. Nanomedicine has contributed to the development of new and improved treatments, diagnoses, and therapies. In this field, nanoparticles have notable importance due to their unique properties and characteristics, which are useful in different applications, including tissue engineering, biomarkers, and drug delivery systems. Electrospinning is a versatile technique used to produce fibrous mats. The high surface area of the electrospun mats makes them suitable for applications in fields using nanoparticles. Electrospun mats are used for tissue engineering, wound dressing, water-treatment filters, biosensors, nanocomposites, medical implants, protective clothing materials, cosmetics, and drug delivery systems. The combination of nanoparticles with nanofibers creates hybrid systems that acquire properties that differ from their components’ characteristics. By utilizing nanoparticles and nanofibers composed of dissimilar polymers, the two synergize to improve the overall performance of electrospinning mats and nanoparticles. This review summarizes the hybrid systems of polymeric nanoparticles and polymeric nanofibers, critically analyzing how the combination improves the properties of the materials and contributes to the reduction of some disadvantages found in nanometric devices and systems.

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