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DAREHMIRAKI, MAJID. "A SEMI-GENERAL METHOD TO SOLVE THE COMBINATORIAL OPTIMIZATION PROBLEMS BASED ON NANOCOMPUTING". International Journal of Nanoscience 09, nr 05 (październik 2010): 391–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219581x10007046.
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Nanocomputing describes computing that uses nanoscale devices. It is reasonable to search for nanoscale particles, such as molecules, that do not require difficult fabrication steps. DNA is recognized as a nanomaterial, not as a biological material, in the research field of nanotechnology. This paper proposes a semi-general method to solve combinatorial optimization problems based on DNA computing. It is obvious that the DNA molecule is one of the most promising functional nanomaterials. However, the application of DNA molecules is still under study because of the big gap that exists between theory and practice.
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Wang, Zhuqing, Shasha Wu, Jian Wang, Along Yu i Gang Wei. "Carbon Nanofiber-Based Functional Nanomaterials for Sensor Applications". Nanomaterials 9, nr 7 (22.07.2019): 1045. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano9071045.
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Carbon nanofibers (CNFs) exhibit great potentials in the fields of materials science, biomedicine, tissue engineering, catalysis, energy, environmental science, and analytical science due to their unique physical and chemical properties. Usually, CNFs with flat, mesoporous, and porous surfaces can be synthesized by chemical vapor deposition and electrospinning techniques with subsequent chemical treatment. Meanwhile, the surfaces of CNFs are easy to modify with various materials to extend the applications of CNF-based hybrid nanomaterials in multiple fields. In this review, we focus on the design, synthesis, and sensor applications of CNF-based functional nanomaterials. The fabrication strategies of CNF-based functional nanomaterials by adding metallic nanoparticles (NPs), metal oxide NPs, alloy, silica, polymers, and others into CNFs are introduced and discussed. In addition, the sensor applications of CNF-based nanomaterials for detecting gas, strain, pressure, small molecule, and biomacromolecules are demonstrated in detail. This work will be beneficial for the readers to understand the strategies for fabricating various CNF-based nanomaterials, and explore new applications in energy, catalysis, and environmental science.
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Yu, Xu Feng, Xiu Lan Cheng i Peng Yu Lv. "A New SERS Substrate Based on TiO2 Nanorods Thin Film Assembled Gold Nanoparticles". Advanced Materials Research 1096 (kwiecień 2015): 481–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1096.481.
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Surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) has been proved to be a highly sensitive method to detect organic molecules at very low concentrations. In recent years, many researchers have reported that 1-dimension semiconductor nanomaterials assembled noble metal nanoparticles can get a strong SERS effect. In this paper, we succeeded to synthesize TiO2 nanorod thin films on fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) glass with hydrothermal synthesis which were able to be used as SERS substrates. Gold nanoparticles were assembled to TiO2 nanorod thin films using the physical sputtering method and the citrate reduction method, respectively. The field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) images show that the later method could achieve the more desirable and uniform distribution of gold nanoparticles. Rhodamine 6G (R6G) was chosen as the probe molecule to study the SERS performance of our novel SERS substrates. Raman scattering measurement proved that the substrates were able to enhance Raman signals by several orders of magnitude and could be applied to biochemical detection. The whole fabrication process was facile and cost-effective, and the SERS activity and reproducibility of the substrates were pretty good.
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Guo, Linfan, Haibin Tang, Xiujuan Wang, Yupeng Yuan i Chuhong Zhu. "Nanoporous Ag-Decorated Ag7O8NO3 Micro-Pyramids for Sensitive Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering Detection". Chemosensors 10, nr 12 (16.12.2022): 539. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors10120539.
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Porous noble metal nanomaterials can be employed to construct sensitive surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrates, because the plasmonic nanopores and nanogaps of the porous materials can provide a larger number of hotspots, and can also serve as containers of analyte molecules. However, the fabrication processes of nanoporous noble metal are generally complicated. Here, a facile method is presented to prepare nanoporous Ag nanoparticles-decorated Ag7O8NO3 micro-pyramids, which are fabricated through the chemical reduction of the electrodeposited Ag7O8NO3 micro-pyramids using NaBH4. The Ag7O8NO3 micro-pyramids are fabricated by electrodeposition by using a simple aqueous solution of AgNO3 as electrolyte. Then, porous Ag-decorated Ag7O8NO3 micro-pyramids are achieved by the chemical reduction of the surface of the electrodeposited Ag7O8NO3 micro-pyramids with NaBH4. The high-density nanopores and nanogaps of the fabricated nanoporous Ag can provide plenty of hot spots for Raman enhancement. Additionally, the nanopores have an effective capacity to trap and enrich analytes. Using rhodamine 6G (R6G) as a probe molecule, the SERS performance of the fabricated SERS substrate has been investigated. It is found that a limit of detection (LOD) ~1.0 × 10−15 M can be achieved for R6G. Then, the SERS substrates are employed to detect dye molecule (crystal violet) and pesticide (thiram), and their LODs are calculated down to 9.6 × 10−13 M and 1.3 × 10−15 M, respectively. The enhancement factor of the fabricated SERS substrate is estimated to be as high as 5.6 × 108. Therefore, the nanoporous Ag-decorated Ag7O8NO3 micro-pyramids have shown promising application in the sensitive SERS detection of organic molecules.
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Elim, Hendry Izaac. "Is Your Brain Strong Enough to Solve Hard Problems? : Brain Vitamins as a Simple Example for Multitasking Nanotechnology Scientis". SCIENCE NATURE 3, nr 1 (1.03.2020): 244–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.30598/snvol3iss1pp244-256year2020.
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As the number of world population reaches up to seven billion people, more complex problems will happen including broken living environmental system that is directly influenced the stress life of men. This systematic output is like the problem of aggregations and defects in material sciences identified well by physicists and nanotechnologist. As more and more smart questions are being ascended to fight against such negative impacts as well as unsolved problems in ongoing research works and its development, this paper presents a simple solution by showing a manner in such a way so that all the points of main problems and related obstacles can be guided in the truth way following by the salvation of many earthly people among the world complicated current problems and challenges. To simplify the answer and guidance for easy clarification, one took molecular electronics system (MES) of brain vitamins as the explanation for multitasking nanotechnology scientists who are in charge to carry out advanced research and its implementations in nanoscience and nanotechnology especially in exotics nanomaterials for smart nanochip fabrication. An integrated links among at least 3 different types and personalities of brain vitamins show a beautiful mind of their creator in nature of universe. The use of basic concept and principles of proposed electronic molecular system instead of mechanical or vibration system of molecules suggests that this technique is applicable for all various kind molecule structures. This idea of discovery of MES is very excellent to be applied to study many other healing system using different types of drugs.
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Abdal-hay, Abdalla, H. Fouad, Basheer A. ALshammari i Khalil Abdelrazek Khalil. "Biosynthesis of Bonelike Apatite 2D Nanoplate Structures Using Fenugreek Seed Extract". Nanomaterials 10, nr 5 (9.05.2020): 919. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano10050919.
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An innovative, biomimetic, green synthesis approach was exploited for the synthesis of humane and environmental friendly nanomaterials for biomedical applications. Ultrafine bonelike apatite (BAp) 2D plate-like structures were prepared using fenugreek seed extract during the biosynthesis wet-chemical precipitation route. The chemical analysis, morphology and structure of the prepared 2D nanoplates were characterized by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES), electron microscopy (SEM and TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. A 2D plate-like nanostructure of BAp with an average width (length) of 12.67 ± 2 nm and thickness of 3.8 ± 1.2 nm was obtained. BAp 2D crystals were tuned by interaction with the fenugreek organic molecules during the fabrication process. In addition to Ca and P ions, bone mineral sources such as K, Mg, Na, SO4 and CO3 ions were incorporated into BAp nanoplates using fenugreek seed extract. The overall organic molecule concentration in the reaction process increased the effectiveness of hydroxyl groups as nucleation sites for BAp crystals. Accordingly, the size of the biosynthesized BAp plate-like structure was reduced to its lowest value. Biosynthesis BAp 2D plate-like nanocrystals showed good viability and higher growth of MC3T3 osteoblast-like structures than that of the control sample. BAp 2D nanoplates prepared by a facile, ecofriendly and cost-effective approach could be considered a favorable osteoconductive inorganic biomaterial for bone regeneration applications.
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Liew, Li-Anne, John M. Moreland i Jonathan R. Pratt. "Design of a MEMS Force Sensor for Quantitative Measurement in the Nano- to Pico-Newton Range". Additional Conferences (Device Packaging, HiTEC, HiTEN, and CICMT) 2010, DPC (1.01.2010): 001841–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4071/2010dpc-wp23.
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We describe the design and fabrication of a MEMS nano- to pico-Newton force sensor with SI traceability. There has been much recent interest in developing instrumentation for the quantitative measurement of forces in the nano- to pico-Newton range. Forces in this range are frequently encountered when investigating mechanical properties of nanomaterials, in nanobiotechnology, and in single-molecule biophysics. Various methods of measuring forces at these levels include using AFM cantilevers, scanning probe microscopy, and nanoindentation. However, such measurements are relative, and in order to obtain precise quantitative measurements, it is necessary to be able to calibrate such sensors in a manner that is traceable to fundamental SI units. One such method of calibration is using an Electrostatic Force Balance (EFB) that has been established at NIST. We thus describe the design and fabrication of a MEMS-based force sensor that may be directly calibrated with the EFB and thus has the potential to measure nano- to pico-Newtons of force with SI traceability. The sensor consists of a silicon rigid arm supported on silicon tethers and which are attached to capacitive electrodes. The bar, tethers and electrodes are made from the device layer of a double side SOI wafer. A glass wafer with patterned metal electrodes is anodically bonded on both the top and bottom of the wafer to form symmetrical capacitive electrodes. An external force moves the silicon arm and the resulting capacitive force gradient of the electrodes is measured with the EFB. The mechanical structure and electrodes are designed for force sensitivity in the nano- to pico-Newton ranges and for operation in UHV to reduce thermomechanical noise. We discuss the design, initial fabrication and testing of this force sensor as a step toward the ultimate goals of quantitative nanomechanical testing of materials, NEMS, and engineered surfaces at the nanoscale.
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Maji, Subrata, Lok Kumar Shrestha i Katsuhiko Ariga. "Nanoarchitectonics for Hierarchical Fullerene Nanomaterials". Nanomaterials 11, nr 8 (23.08.2021): 2146. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano11082146.
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Nanoarchitectonics is a universal concept to fabricate functional materials from nanoscale building units. Based on this concept, fabrications of functional materials with hierarchical structural motifs from simple nano units of fullerenes (C60 and C70 molecules) are described in this review article. Because fullerenes can be regarded as simple and fundamental building blocks with mono-elemental and zero-dimensional natures, these demonstrations for hierarchical functional structures impress the high capability of the nanoarchitectonics approaches. In fact, various hierarchical structures such as cubes with nanorods, hole-in-cube assemblies, face-selectively etched assemblies, and microstructures with mesoporous frameworks are fabricated by easy fabrication protocols. The fabricated fullerene assemblies have been used for various applications including volatile organic compound sensing, microparticle catching, supercapacitors, and photoluminescence systems.
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Cengiz, Busra, Tugce Nihal Gevrek, Laura Chambre i Amitav Sanyal. "Self-Assembly of Cyclodextrin-Coated Nanoparticles:Fabrication of Functional Nanostructures for Sensing and Delivery". Molecules 28, nr 3 (20.01.2023): 1076. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules28031076.
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In recent years, the bottom-up approach has emerged as a powerful tool in the fabrication of functional nanomaterials through the self-assembly of nanoscale building blocks. The cues embedded at the molecular level provide a handle to control and direct the assembly of nano-objects to construct higher-order structures. Molecular recognition among the building blocks can assist their precise positioning in a predetermined manner to yield nano- and microstructures that may be difficult to obtain otherwise. A well-orchestrated combination of top-down fabrication and directed self-assembly-based bottom-up approach enables the realization of functional nanomaterial-based devices. Among the various available molecular recognition-based “host–guest” combinations, cyclodextrin-mediated interactions possess an attractive attribute that the interaction is driven in aqueous environments, such as in biological systems. Over the past decade, cyclodextrin-based specific host–guest interactions have been exploited to design and construct structural and functional nanomaterials based on cyclodextrin-coated metal nanoparticles. The focus of this review is to highlight recent advances in the self-assembly of cyclodextrin-coated metal nanoparticles driven by the specific host–guest interaction.
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Zhang, Q., Y. J. Shin, F. Hua, L. V. Saraf i D. W. Matson. "Fabrication of Transparent Capacitive Structure by Self-Assembled Thin Films". Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 8, nr 6 (1.06.2008): 3008–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2008.075.
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An approach to fabricating transparent electronic devices by using nanomaterial and nanofabrication is presented in this paper. A see-through capacitor is constructed from self-assembled silica nanoparticle layers that are stacked on the transparent substrate. The electrodes are made of indium tin oxide. Unlike the traditional processes used to fabricate such devices, the self-assembly approach enables one to synthesize the thin film layers at lower temperature and cost, and with a broader availability of nanomaterials. The vertical dimension of the self-assembled thin films can be precisely controlled, as well as the molecular order in the thin film layers. The shape of the capacitor is generated by planar micropatterning. The monitoring by quartz crystal demonstrates the steady growth of the silica nanoparticle multilayer. In addition, because the material synthesis and the device fabrication steps are separate, the fabrication is not affected by the harsh conditions required for the material synthesis. As a result, a clear pattern is allowed over a large area on the substrate. The prepared capacitive structure has an optical transparency higher than 92% over the visible spectrum. The capacitive impedance is measured at different frequencies and fit the theoretical results. As one of the fundamental components, this type of capacitive structure can serve in the transparent circuits, interactive media and sensors, as well as being applicable to other transparent devices.
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Amadi, Eberechukwu Victoria, Anusha Venkataraman i Chris Papadopoulos. "Nanoscale self-assembly: concepts, applications and challenges". Nanotechnology 33, nr 13 (7.01.2022): 132001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-6528/ac3f54.
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Abstract Self-assembly offers unique possibilities for fabricating nanostructures, with different morphologies and properties, typically from vapour or liquid phase precursors. Molecular units, nanoparticles, biological molecules and other discrete elements can spontaneously organise or form via interactions at the nanoscale. Currently, nanoscale self-assembly finds applications in a wide variety of areas including carbon nanomaterials and semiconductor nanowires, semiconductor heterojunctions and superlattices, the deposition of quantum dots, drug delivery, such as mRNA-based vaccines, and modern integrated circuits and nanoelectronics, to name a few. Recent advancements in drug delivery, silicon nanoelectronics, lasers and nanotechnology in general, owing to nanoscale self-assembly, coupled with its versatility, simplicity and scalability, have highlighted its importance and potential for fabricating more complex nanostructures with advanced functionalities in the future. This review aims to provide readers with concise information about the basic concepts of nanoscale self-assembly, its applications to date, and future outlook. First, an overview of various self-assembly techniques such as vapour deposition, colloidal growth, molecular self-assembly and directed self-assembly/hybrid approaches are discussed. Applications in diverse fields involving specific examples of nanoscale self-assembly then highlight the state of the art and finally, the future outlook for nanoscale self-assembly and potential for more complex nanomaterial assemblies in the future as technological functionality increases.
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Gurbatov, Stanislav, Vladislav Puzikov, Evgeny Modin, Alexander Shevlyagin, Andrey Gerasimenko, Eugeny Mitsai, Sergei A. Kulinich i Aleksandr Kuchmizhak. "Ag-Decorated Si Microspheres Produced by Laser Ablation in Liquid: All-in-One Temperature-Feedback SERS-Based Platform for Nanosensing". Materials 15, nr 22 (15.11.2022): 8091. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15228091.
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Combination of dissimilar materials such as noble metals and common semiconductors within unified nanomaterials holds promise for optoelectronics, catalysis and optical sensing. Meanwhile, difficulty of obtaining such hybrid nanomaterials using common lithography-based techniques stimulates an active search for advanced, inexpensive, and straightforward fabrication methods. Here, we report one-pot one-step synthesis of Ag-decorated Si microspheres via nanosecond laser ablation of monocrystalline silicon in isopropanol containing AgNO3. Laser ablation of bulk silicon creates the suspension of the Si microspheres that host further preferential growth of Ag nanoclusters on their surface upon thermal-induced decomposition of AgNO3 species by subsequently incident laser pulses. The amount of the AgNO3 in the working solution controls the density, morphology, and arrangement of the Ag nanoclusters allowing them to achieve strong and uniform decoration of the Si microsphere surface. Such unique morphology makes Ag-decorated Si microspheres promising for molecular identification based on the surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) effect. In particular, the designed single-particles sensing platform was shown to offer temperature-feedback modality as well as SERS signal enhancement up to 106, allowing reliable detection of the adsorbed molecules and tracing their plasmon-driven catalytic transformations. Considering the ability to control the decoration degree of Si microspheres by Ag nanoclusters via amount of the AgNO3, the developed one-pot easy-to-implement PLAL synthesis holds promise for gram-scale production of high-quality hybrid nanomaterial for various nanophotonics and sensing applications.
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Gao, Ming, Abhichart Krissanaprasit, Austin Miles, Lilian C. Hsiao i Thomas H. LaBean. "Mechanical and Electrical Properties of DNA Hydrogel-Based Composites Containing Self-Assembled Three-Dimensional Nanocircuits". Applied Sciences 11, nr 5 (3.03.2021): 2245. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11052245.
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Molecular self-assembly of DNA has been developed as an effective construction strategy for building complex materials. Among them, DNA hydrogels are known for their simple fabrication process and their tunable properties. In this study, we have engineered, built, and characterized a variety of pure DNA hydrogels using DNA tile-based crosslinkers and different sizes of linear DNA spacers, as well as DNA hydrogel/nanomaterial composites using DNA/nanomaterial conjugates with carbon nanotubes and gold nanoparticles as crosslinkers. We demonstrate the ability of this system to self-assemble into three-dimensional percolating networks when carbon nanotubes and gold nanoparticles are incorporated into the DNA hydrogel. These hydrogel composites showed interesting non-linear electrical properties. We also demonstrate the tuning of rheological properties of hydrogel-based composites using different types of crosslinkers and spacers. The viscoelasticity of DNA hydrogels is shown to dramatically increase by the use of a combination of interlocking DNA tiles and DNA/carbon nanotube crosslinkers. Finally, we present measurements and discuss electrically conductive nanomaterials for applications in nanoelectronics.
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Rzayev, Javid. "Molecular Bottlebrushes: New Opportunities in Nanomaterials Fabrication". ACS Macro Letters 1, nr 9 (10.09.2012): 1146–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/mz300402x.
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AlAhzm, Abdulrahman Mohmmed, Maan Omar Alejli, Deepalekshmi Ponnamma, Yara Elgawady i Mariam Al Ali Al-Maadeed. "Piezoelectric properties of zinc oxide/iron oxide filled polyvinylidene fluoride nanocomposite fibers". Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics 32, nr 11 (czerwiec 2021): 14610–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10854-021-06020-3.
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AbstractPiezoelectric nanogenerators (PENG) with flexible and simple design have pronounced significance in fabricating sustainable devices for self-powering electronics. This study demonstrates the fabrication of electrospun nanocomposite fibers from polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) filled zinc oxide (ZnO)/iron oxide (FeO) nanomaterials. The nanocomposite fiber based flexible PENG shows piezoelectric output voltage of 5.9 V when 3 wt% of ZnO/FeO hybrid nanomaterial is introduced, which is 29.5 times higher than the neat PVDF. No apparent decline in output voltage is observed for almost 2000 s attributed to the outstanding durability. This higher piezoelectric output performance is correlated with the β-phase transformation studies from the Fourier transformation infrared spectroscopy and the crystallinity studies from the differential scanning calorimetry. Both these studies show respective enhancement of 3.79 and 2.16% in the β-phase crystallinity values of PVDF-ZnO/FeO 3 wt% composite. Higher dielectric constant value obtained for the same composite (three times higher than the neat PVDF) confirms the increased energy storage efficiency as well. Thus the proposed soft and flexible PENG is a promising mechanical energy harvester, and its good dielectric properties reveals the ability to use this material as good power sources for wearable and flexible electronic devices.
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Curulli, Antonella, i Daniela Zane. "Gold and Nanostructurated Surfaces for Assembling of Electrochemical Biosensors". Research Letters in Nanotechnology 2008 (2008): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2008/789153.
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Devices based on nanomaterials are emerging as a powerful and general class of ultrasensitive sensors for the direct detection of biological and chemical species. In this work, we report the preparation and the full characterization of nanomaterials such as gold nanowires and nanostructured films to be used for assembling of electrochemical biosensors. Gold nanowires were prepared by electroless deposition within the pores of polycarbonate particle track-etched membranes (PTMs). Glucose oxidase was deposited onto the nanowires using self-assembling monolayer as an anchor layer for the enzyme molecules. Finally, cyclic voltammetry was performed for different enzymes to test the applicability of gold nanowires as biosensors. Considering another interesting nanomaterial, the realization of functionalised thin films on Si substrates for the immobilization of enzymes is reported. Glucose oxidase and horseradish peroxidase immobilized onto -based nanostructured surfaces exhibited a pair of well-defined and quasireversible voltammetric peaks. The electron exchange between the enzyme and the electrodes was greatly enhanced in the nanostructured environment. The electrocatalytic activity of HRP and GOD embedded in electrodes toward and glucose, respectively, may have a potential perspective in the fabrication of third-generation biosensors based on direct electrochemistry of enzymes.
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Mateos-Maroto, Ana, Irene Abelenda-Núñez, Francisco Ortega, Ramón G. Rubio i Eduardo Guzmán. "Polyelectrolyte Multilayers on Soft Colloidal Nanosurfaces: A New Life for the Layer-By-Layer Method". Polymers 13, nr 8 (9.04.2021): 1221. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13081221.
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The Layer-by-Layer (LbL) method is a well-established method for the assembly of nanomaterials with controlled structure and functionality through the alternate deposition onto a template of two mutual interacting molecules, e.g., polyelectrolytes bearing opposite charge. The current development of this methodology has allowed the fabrication of a broad range of systems by assembling different types of molecules onto substrates with different chemical nature, size, or shape, resulting in numerous applications for LbL systems. In particular, the use of soft colloidal nanosurfaces, including nanogels, vesicles, liposomes, micelles, and emulsion droplets as a template for the assembly of LbL materials has undergone a significant growth in recent years due to their potential impact on the design of platforms for the encapsulation and controlled release of active molecules. This review proposes an analysis of some of the current trends on the fabrication of LbL materials using soft colloidal nanosurfaces, including liposomes, emulsion droplets, or even cells, as templates. Furthermore, some fundamental aspects related to deposition methodologies commonly used for fabricating LbL materials on colloidal templates together with the most fundamental physicochemical aspects involved in the assembly of LbL materials will also be discussed.
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Jia, Xiao, Yanmei Yang, Yang Liu, Weihua Niu, Yong-Qiang Li, Mingwen Zhao, Yuguang Mu i Weifeng Li. "Tuning the binding behaviors of a protein YAP65WW domain on graphenic nano-sheets with boron or nitrogen atom doping". Nanoscale Advances 2, nr 10 (2020): 4539–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0na00365d.
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Molecular dynamics simulations predict that atom doping is an efficient way to regulate the binding strength and structural changes of protein with nanomaterials, which makes it a prospective solution for design and fabrication of advanced nanomaterials with desired function.
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Chu Hongwei, 褚宏伟, i 李德春 Li Dechun. "铋纳米材料制备、表征和非线性光学特性研究进展". Chinese Journal of Lasers 48, nr 12 (2021): 1208002. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/cjl202148.1208002.
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Dinu, Livia Alexandra, Valentin Buiculescu i Angela Mihaela Baracu. "Recent Progress on Nanomaterials for NO2 Surface Acoustic Wave Sensors". Nanomaterials 12, nr 12 (20.06.2022): 2120. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano12122120.
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NO2 gas surface acoustic wave (SAW)sensors are under continuous development due to their high sensitivity, reliability, low cost and room temperature operation. Their integration ability with different receptor nanomaterials assures a boost in the performance of the sensors. Among the most exploited nano-materials for sensitive detection of NO2 gas molecules are carbon-based nanomaterials, metal oxide semiconductors, quantum dots, and conducting polymers. All these nanomaterials aim to create pores for NO2 gas adsorption or to enlarge the specific surface area with ultra-small nanoparticles that increase the active sites where NO2 gas molecules can diffuse. This review provides a general overview of NO2 gas SAW sensors, with a focus on the different sensors’ configurations and their fabrication technology, on the nanomaterials used as sensitive NO2 layers and on the test methods for gas detection. The synthesis methods of sensing nanomaterials, their functionalization techniques, the mechanism of interaction between NO2 molecules and the sensing nanomaterials are presented and discussed.
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Ameku, Wilson A., Masoud Negahdary, Irlan S. Lima, Berlane G. Santos, Thawan G. Oliveira, Thiago R. L. C. Paixão i Lúcio Angnes. "Laser-Scribed Graphene-Based Electrochemical Sensors: A Review". Chemosensors 10, nr 12 (29.11.2022): 505. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors10120505.
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Laser scribing is a technique that converts carbon-rich precursors into 3D-graphene nanomaterial via direct, single-step, and maskless laser writing in environmental conditions and using a scalable approach. It allows simple, fast, and reagentless production of a promising material with outstanding physicochemical features to create novel electrochemical sensors and biosensors. This review addresses different strategies for fabricating laser-scribed graphene (LSG) devices and their association with nanomaterials, polymers, and biological molecules. We provide an overview of their applications in environmental and health monitoring, food safety, and clinical diagnosis. The advantages of their integration with machine learning models to achieve low bias and enhance accuracy for data analysis is also addressed. Finally, in this review our insights into current challenges and perspectives for LSG electrochemical sensors are presented.
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Basso, Caroline R., Bruno P. Crulhas, Gustavo R. Castro i Valber A. Pedrosa. "Recent Advances in Functional Nanomaterials for Diagnostic and Sensing Using Self-Assembled Monolayers". International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, nr 13 (28.06.2023): 10819. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms241310819.
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Functional nanomaterials have attracted attention by producing different structures in any field. These materials have several potential applications, including medicine, electronics, and energy, which provide many unique properties. These nanostructures can be synthesized using various methods, including self-assembly, which can be used for the same applications. This unique nanomaterial is increasingly being used for biological detection due to its unique optical, electrical, and mechanical properties, which provide sensitive and specific sensors for detecting biomolecules such as DNA, RNA, and proteins. This review highlights recent advances in the field and discusses the fabrication and characterization of the corresponding materials, which can be further applied in optical, magnetic, electronic, and sensor fields.
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Razzokov, Jamoliddin, Parthiban Marimuthu, Kamoladdin Saidov, Olim Ruzimuradov i Shavkat Mamatkulov. "Penetration of Chitosan into the Single Walled Armchair Carbon Nanotubes: Atomic Scale Insight". Crystals 11, nr 10 (27.09.2021): 1174. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst11101174.
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(1) Background: Currently, nanomaterials have been broadly used in various applications including engineering, medicine and biology. One of the carbon allotropes such as carbon nanotubes (CNTs) implemented for fabrication of nanocomposite materials due to the hypersensitivity. The combined design of nanomaterial with chitosan (CS) and CNT expands the field of exploitation from biosensing and tissue engineering to water desalination. Therefore, the penetration of CS into CNT provides a valuable insight into the interactions between CS and CNT. (2) Methods: We performed molecular dynamics simulations, applying the umbrella sampling method, in order to calculate the potential mean force between CS and CNT. (3) Results: The estimated penetration free energies showed that CS is favorable to the penetration into CNT cavities. However, the penetration nature differs depending on the CNT’s architecture. (4) Conclusions: Our finding revealed the CS penetration process into CNT with nanoscale precision. The investigation results assist in a better understanding of the nanocomposite materials based on CS-CNT.
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Choudhury, Pritam, Soumik Dinda i Prasanta Kumar Das. "Fabrication of soft-nanocomposites from functional molecules with diversified applications". Soft Matter 16, nr 1 (2020): 27–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9sm01304k.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Development of novel soft-nanocomposites by the amalgamation of supramolecular self-assemblies of various functional molecules with nanomaterials from different origins to explore their application in diversified fields.
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Venkataraman, Anusha, Eberechukwu Amadi i Chris Papadopoulos. "Molecular-Scale Hardware Encryption Using Tunable Self-Assembled Nanoelectronic Networks". Micro 2, nr 3 (21.06.2022): 361–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/micro2030024.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Nanomaterials are promising alternatives for creating hardware security primitives that are considered more robust and less susceptible to physical attacks compared to standard CMOS-based approaches. Here, nanoscale electronic circuits composed of tunable ratios of molecules and colloidal nanoparticles formed via self-assembly on silicon wafers are investigated for information and hardware security by utilizing device-level physical variations induced during fabrication. Two-terminal electronic transport measurements show variations in current through different parts of the nanoscale network, which are used to define electronic physically unclonable functions. By comparing different current paths, arrays of binary bits are generated that can be used as encryption keys. Evaluation of the keys using Hamming inter-distance values indicates that performance is improved by varying the ratio of molecules to nanoparticles in the network, which demonstrates self-assembly as a potential path toward implementing molecular-scale hardware security primitives. These nanoelectronic networks thus combine facile fabrication with a large variety of possible network building blocks, enabling their utilization for hardware security with additional degrees of freedom that is difficult to achieve using conventional systems.
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Ku, Chin-An, i Chen-Kuei Chung. "Advances in Humidity Nanosensors and Their Application: Review". Sensors 23, nr 4 (20.02.2023): 2328. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23042328.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
As the technology revolution and industrialization have flourished in the last few decades, the development of humidity nanosensors has become more important for the detection and control of humidity in the industry production line, food preservation, chemistry, agriculture and environmental monitoring. The new nanostructured materials and fabrication in nanosensors are linked to better sensor performance, especially for superior humidity sensing, following the intensive research into the design and synthesis of nanomaterials in the last few years. Various nanomaterials, such as ceramics, polymers, semiconductor and sulfide, carbon-based, triboelectrical nanogenerator (TENG), and MXene, have been studied for their potential ability to sense humidity with structures of nanowires, nanotubes, nanopores, and monolayers. These nanosensors have been synthesized via a wide range of processes, including solution synthesis, anodization, physical vapor deposition (PVD), or chemical vapor deposition (CVD). The sensing mechanism, process improvement and nanostructure modulation of different types of materials are mostly inexhaustible, but they are all inseparable from the goals of the effective response, high sensitivity and low response–recovery time of humidity sensors. In this review, we focus on the sensing mechanism of direct and indirect sensing, various fabrication methods, nanomaterial geometry and recent advances in humidity nanosensors. Various types of capacitive, resistive and optical humidity nanosensors are introduced, alongside illustration of the properties and nanostructures of various materials. The similarities and differences of the humidity-sensitive mechanisms of different types of materials are summarized. Applications such as IoT, and the environmental and human-body monitoring of nanosensors are the development trends for futures advancements.
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Ahmad, Faisal, Amir Mansoori, Sonia Bansal, Th S. Dhahi i Shamim Ahmad. "Device Applications of Metal-2D-Materials Interfaces A Short Review". European Journal of Engineering Research and Science 3, nr 4 (3.04.2018): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejers.2018.3.4.524.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
The electronic energy band gaps of 2D-materials are known to spread over a wide range from zero in graphene to > 6eV in hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN). Various combinations of such engineered nanomaterials offer a number of novel device applications involving their unique optical, electronic, and thermal properties along with their higher charge carrier mobilities and saturation limited drift velocities. Structurally, these nanomaterials have single or multiple monolayers stuck together, which are not only suitable for flexible electron devices and circuits but also in preparing heterostructures (lateral as well as vertical configurations) that form super lattices with different kinds of band alignments. Such possibilities offer flexible control over the charge carrier transport in these materials via numerous types of exciton formations. Their extra sensitivity towards the presence of atomic, molecular and nanoparticulate species in their vicinity is the most significant aspect of these 2D-materials. This is the reason behind studying them in detail for detecting the presence of extremely low concentrations of the analyte that are not achievable in conventional sensors. For translating the above-said superlative properties of these fast emerging families of 2-D nanomaterials into usable devices and circuits, applying the conventional device fabrication technologies poses a real challenge. The experimental results reported in the context of forming usable interfaces between a metal and 2D-nanomaterial are examined here to assess their current status and future prospects. Their widespread applications are certainly anticipated in the fields like printed micro/nano sensors, large area electronics and printed intelligence with special reference to their emerging usages in Internet of Things (IoT) in the near future.
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Ahmad, Faisal, Amir Mansoori, Sonia Bansal, Th S. Dhahi i Shamim Ahmad. "Device Applications of Metal-2D-Materials Interfaces A Short Review". European Journal of Engineering and Technology Research 3, nr 4 (3.04.2018): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejeng.2018.3.4.524.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
The electronic energy band gaps of 2D-materials are known to spread over a wide range from zero in graphene to > 6eV in hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN). Various combinations of such engineered nanomaterials offer a number of novel device applications involving their unique optical, electronic, and thermal properties along with their higher charge carrier mobilities and saturation limited drift velocities. Structurally, these nanomaterials have single or multiple monolayers stuck together, which are not only suitable for flexible electron devices and circuits but also in preparing heterostructures (lateral as well as vertical configurations) that form super lattices with different kinds of band alignments. Such possibilities offer flexible control over the charge carrier transport in these materials via numerous types of exciton formations. Their extra sensitivity towards the presence of atomic, molecular and nanoparticulate species in their vicinity is the most significant aspect of these 2D-materials. This is the reason behind studying them in detail for detecting the presence of extremely low concentrations of the analyte that are not achievable in conventional sensors. For translating the above-said superlative properties of these fast emerging families of 2-D nanomaterials into usable devices and circuits, applying the conventional device fabrication technologies poses a real challenge. The experimental results reported in the context of forming usable interfaces between a metal and 2D-nanomaterial are examined here to assess their current status and future prospects. Their widespread applications are certainly anticipated in the fields like printed micro/nano sensors, large area electronics and printed intelligence with special reference to their emerging usages in Internet of Things (IoT) in the near future.
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Runprapan, Nattharika, Fu-Ming Wang, Alagar Ramar i Chiou-Chung Yuan. "Role of Defects of Carbon Nanomaterials in the Detection of Ovarian Cancer Cells in Label-Free Electrochemical Immunosensors". Sensors 23, nr 3 (18.01.2023): 1131. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23031131.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Developing label-free immunosensors to detect ovarian cancer (OC) by cancer antigen (CA125) is essential to improving diagnosis and protecting women from life-threatening diseases. Four types of carbon nanomaterials, such as multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), vapor-grown carbon fiber (VGCFs), graphite KS4, and carbon black super P (SP), have been treated with acids to prepare a carbon nanomaterial/gold (Au) nanocomposite. The AuNPs@carbon nanocomposite was electrochemically deposited on a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) to serve as a substrate to fabricate a label-free immunosensor for the detection of CA125. Among the four AuNPs@carbon composite, the AuNPs@MWCNTs-based sensor exhibited a high sensitivity of 0.001 µg/mL for the biomarker CA125 through the square wave voltammetry (SWV) technique. The high conductivity and surface area of MWCNTs supported the immobilization of AuNPs. Moreover, the carboxylic (COO-) functional groups in MWCNT improved to a higher quantity after the acid treatment, which served as an excellent support for the fabrication of electrochemical biosensors. The present method aims to explore an environmentally friendly synthesis of a layer-by-layer (LBL) assembly of AuNPs@carbon nanomaterials electrochemical immunoassay to CA125 in a clinical diagnosis at a low cost and proved feasible for point-of-care diagnosis.
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CAI, LIANGLIANG, i WEI XU. "ON-SURFACE MOLECULAR REACTIONS". Surface Review and Letters 28, nr 08 (13.03.2021): 2140006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218625x21400060.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
During the last decades, the bottom–up strategy of on-surface molecular reactions has been extensively investigated in order to fulfill controllable fabrication of covalent interlinking nanostructures/nanomaterials at atomic scale. A variety of organic reactions have been introduced to substrates, such as Ullmann coupling, Glaser coupling, cyclodehydrogenation and so on. In this paper, these on-surface molecular reactions will be reviewed from three aspects: the precursor, surface and external stimuli. Finally, a summary of past achievements and an outlook of future scientific challenges will be discussed.
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Nagashima, So, Hyun Dong Ha, Do Hyun Kim, Andrej Košmrlj, Howard A. Stone i Myoung-Woon Moon. "Spontaneous formation of aligned DNA nanowires by capillarity-induced skin folding". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 114, nr 24 (30.05.2017): 6233–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1700003114.
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Although DNA nanowires have proven useful as a template for fabricating functional nanomaterials and a platform for genetic analysis, their widespread use is still hindered because of limited control over the size, geometry, and alignment of the nanowires. Here, we document the capillarity-induced folding of an initially wrinkled surface and present an approach to the spontaneous formation of aligned DNA nanowires using a template whose surface morphology dynamically changes in response to liquid. In particular, we exploit the familiar wrinkling phenomenon that results from compression of a thin skin on a soft substrate. Once a droplet of liquid solution containing DNA molecules is placed on the wrinkled surface, the liquid from the droplet enters certain wrinkled channels. The capillary forces deform wrinkles containing liquid into sharp folds, whereas the neighboring empty wrinkles are stretched out. In this way, we obtain a periodic array of folded channels that contain liquid solution with DNA molecules. Such an approach serves as a template for the fabrication of arrays of straight or wrinkled DNA nanowires, where their characteristic scales are robustly tunable with the physical properties of liquid and the mechanical and geometrical properties of the elastic system.
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Kitayama, Yukiya, Shunsuke Takigawa i Atsushi Harada. "Effect of Poly(Vinyl Alcohol) Concentration and Chain Length on Polymer Nanogel Formation in Aqueous Dispersion Polymerization". Molecules 28, nr 8 (15.04.2023): 3493. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules28083493.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Nanotechnology has attracted increasing interest in various research fields for fabricating functional nanomaterials. In this study, we investigated the effect of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) addition on the formation and thermoresponsive properties of poly(N-isopropyl acrylamide)-based nanogels in aqueous dispersion polymerizations. During dispersion polymerization, PVA appears to play three roles: (i) it bridges the generated polymer chains during polymerization, (ii) it stabilizes the formed polymer nanogels, and (iii) it regulates the thermoresponsive properties of the polymer nanogels. By regulating the bridging effect of PVA via changing the PVA concentration and chain length, the size of the obtained polymer gel particles was maintained in the nanometer range. Furthermore, we found that the clouding-point temperature increased when using low-molecular weight PVA. We believe that the knowledge gained in this study regarding the effect of PVA concentration and chain length on nanogel formation will aid in the future fabrication of functional polymer nanogels.
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Xie, Wanfeng, Zhiyong Pang, Jihui Fan, Hui Song, Feng Jiang, Huimin Yuan, Jianfei Li, Ziwu Ji i Shenghao Han. "Structural properties of Alq3 nanocrystals prepared by physical vapor deposition and facile solution method". International Journal of Modern Physics B 29, nr 25n26 (14.10.2015): 1542042. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979215420424.
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Tris(8-hydroxyquinoline) aluminum [Formula: see text] nanostructures are promising materials for nanooptoelectronic devices and molecular spintronics. In this paper, we report [Formula: see text] nanocrystals prepared by both physical vapor deposition (PVD) and facile solution method. The transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and high resolution scanning electron microscope (SEM) measurements show that the [Formula: see text] nanomaterials prepared by PVD technique are [Formula: see text]-[Formula: see text] nanoflowers, while the [Formula: see text] nanostructures prepared by solution method are [Formula: see text]-[Formula: see text] nanorods. Our experiments indicate that the [Formula: see text]-[Formula: see text] nanomaterials prepared by using solution method are more suitable for the fabrication of molecular spintronic devices than that of PVD method.
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Paca, Athandwe M., i Peter A. Ajibade. "Metal Sulfide Semiconductor Nanomaterials and Polymer Microgels for Biomedical Applications". International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, nr 22 (14.11.2021): 12294. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms222212294.
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The development of nanomaterials with therapeutic and/or diagnostic properties has been an active area of research in biomedical sciences over the past decade. Nanomaterials have been identified as significant medical tools with potential therapeutic and diagnostic capabilities that are practically impossible to accomplish using larger molecules or bulk materials. Fabrication of nanomaterials is the most effective platform to engineer therapeutic agents and delivery systems for the treatment of cancer. This is mostly due to the high selectivity of nanomaterials for cancerous cells, which is attributable to the porous morphology of tumour cells which allows nanomaterials to accumulate more in tumour cells more than in normal cells. Nanomaterials can be used as potential drug delivery systems since they exist in similar scale as proteins. The unique properties of nanomaterials have drawn a lot of interest from researchers in search of new chemotherapeutic treatment for cancer. Metal sulfide nanomaterials have emerged as the most used frameworks in the past decade, but they tend to aggregate because of their high surface energy which triggers the thermodynamically favoured interaction. Stabilizing agents such as polymer and microgels have been utilized to inhibit the particles from any aggregations. In this review, we explore the development of metal sulfide polymer/microgel nanocomposites as therapeutic agents against cancerous cells.
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Adschiri, Tadafumi, S. Takami, K. Minami, T. Yamagata, K. Miyata, T. Morishita, M. Ueda i in. "Super Hybrid Materials". Materials Science Forum 700 (wrzesień 2011): 145–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.700.145.
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Various composite materials have been developed, but in many cases problems arise due to the combined materials such as fabrication becoming difficult because of the significant increase in viscosity, and transparency of the polymer is sacrificed. These issues can be overcome by controlling the nanointerface; however, this is considered as a difficult task since nanoparticles (NPs) easily aggregate in polymer matrices because of their high surface energy. Organic functionalization of inorganic NPs is required to increase affinity between NPs and polymers. For fabricating multi-functional materials, we proposed a new method to synthesize organic modified NPs by using supercritical water. Because organic molecules and metal salt aqueous solutions are miscible in supercritical water and water molecules serve as acid/base catalysts for the reactions, hybrid organic/inorganic NPs can be synthesized under the supercritical condition. The hybrid NPs show high affinity for the organic solvent and the polymer matrix, which leads to the fabrication of these super hybrid NPs. How to release the heat from the devices is the bottle neck of developing the future power devices, and thus nanohybrid materials of polymer and ceramics are required to achieve both high thermal conductivity and easy thin film flexible fabrication, namely trade-off functions. Surface modification of the BN particles via supercritical hydrothermal synthesis improves the affinity between BN and the polymers. This increases the BN loading ratio in the polymers, thus resulting in high thermal conductivity. Transparent dispersion of high refractive index NPs, such as TiO2 and ZrO2, in the polymers is required to fabricate optical materials. By adjusting the affinity between NPs and the polymers, we could fabricate super hybrid nanomaterials, which have flexiblility and high refractive index and transparency.
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Singh, Manorama, Smita R. Bhardiya, Fooleswar Verma, Vijai K. Rai i Ankita Rai. "Graphene-based Nanomaterials for Fabrication of ‘Pesticide’ Electrochemical Sensors". Current Graphene Science 3, nr 1 (28.12.2020): 26–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/2452273203666191007143008.
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At present, graphene is one of the most up-to-date materials and it can be applied for various energy conversion devices and sensor technology. In this review article, our main focus is to summarize the role of graphene and its modified surface leading to develop hybrid nanomaterials and its applications in fabrication of pesticide sensor. Graphene based materials demonstrate exclusive electrochemical and optical properties as well as compatibility to absorb a variety of bio-molecules through π-π stacking interaction and/or electrostatics interaction, which make them ideal material to be employed in sensor application. The role of graphene is very crucial in preparing different unique and desirable hybrid functional composites along with nanoparticles, redox mediators, conducting polymers etc. to improve the performance of the sensors. Therefore, they can be easily used as a suitable material applying in fabrication of electrochemical sensors/ biosensors for the detection of organophosphorous and carbamate pesticides. A number of most recent reported works were discussed in which graphene-based hybrid composites show high sensitivity, good catalytic activity, selectivity towards the determination of pesticide either enzymatically or nonenzymatically. The properties of graphene (exceptional charge transport, thermal, optical, mechanical, high surface area, large pore volume and size, an opened ordered structure) play an important role in pesticide detection.
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Zhang, Chi, Zewei Yi i Wei Xu. "Scanning probe microscopy in probing low-dimensional carbon-based nanostructures and nanomaterials". Materials Futures 1, nr 3 (30.08.2022): 032301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/2752-5724/ac8a63.
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Abstract Carbon, as an indispensable chemical element on Earth, has diverse covalent bonding ability, which enables construction of extensive pivotal carbon-based structures in multiple scientific fields. The extraordinary physicochemical properties presented by pioneering synthetic carbon allotropes, typically including fullerenes, carbon nanotubes, and graphene, have stimulated broad interest in fabrication of carbon-based nanostructures and nanomaterials. Accurate regulation of topology, size, and shape, as well as controllably embedding target sp n -hybridized carbons in molecular skeletons, is significant for tailoring their structures and consequent properties and requires atomic precision in their preparation. Scanning probe microscopy (SPM), combined with on-surface synthesis strategy, has demonstrated its capabilities in fabrication of various carbon-based nanostructures and nanomaterials with atomic precision, which has long been elusive for conventional solution-phase synthesis due to realistic obstacles in solubility, isolation, purification, etc. More intriguingly, atom manipulation via an SPM tip allows unique access to local production of highly reactive carbon-based nanostructures. In addition, SPM provides topographic information of carbon-based nanostructures as well as their characteristic electronic structures with unprecedented submolecular resolution in real space. In this review, we overview recent exciting progress in the delicate application of SPM in probing low-dimensional carbon-based nanostructures and nanomaterials, which will open an avenue for the exploration and development of elusive and undiscovered carbon-based nanomaterials.
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He, Cailing, Jiayuan Zhu, Huayue Zhang, Ruirui Qiao i Run Zhang. "Photoacoustic Imaging Probes for Theranostic Applications". Biosensors 12, nr 11 (1.11.2022): 947. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bios12110947.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Photoacoustic imaging (PAI), an emerging biomedical imaging technology, capitalizes on a wide range of endogenous chromophores and exogenous contrast agents to offer detailed information related to the functional and molecular content of diseased biological tissues. Compared with traditional imaging technologies, PAI offers outstanding advantages, such as a higher spatial resolution, deeper penetrability in biological tissues, and improved imaging contrast. Based on nanomaterials and small molecular organic dyes, a huge number of contrast agents have recently been developed as PAI probes for disease diagnosis and treatment. Herein, we report the recent advances in the development of nanomaterials and organic dye-based PAI probes. The current challenges in the field and future research directions for the designing and fabrication of PAI probes are proposed.
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Solairajan, A. Saravanapandi, S. Alexraj, P. Ganesh Kumar i P. Vijaya Rajan. "Review on Nano Fabrication and Application". Advanced Materials Research 984-985 (lipiec 2014): 508–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.984-985.508.
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Nanoscience is primarily deals with synthesis, exploration, exploitation and of nanostructured materials. Those materials are characterized by at least one dimension in the nanometer range. Particles of “nano” size have been shown to exhibit enhanced or novel properties including reactivity, thermal properties, greater sensing capability, electrical conductivity and increased mechanical strength. These nanotechnique offers clean, simple, fast, economic, and efficient for the synthesis of a variety of organic molecules, have provided the momentum for many chemists to switch from traditional method. In this article an attempt was made to focus on what is nanomaterials, how is it generated and what all the importance it may have are and the important applications.
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Mustapha Kamil, Yasmin, Muhammad Hafiz Abu Bakar, Nurul Hida Zainuddin, Mohd Hanif Yaacob i Mohd Adzir Mahdi. "Progress and Trends of Optical Microfiber-Based Biosensors". Biosensors 13, nr 2 (14.02.2023): 270. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bios13020270.
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Biosensors are central to diagnostic and medicinal applications, especially in terms of monitoring, managing illness, and public health. Microfiber-based biosensors are known to be capable of measuring both the presence and behavior of biological molecules in a highly sensitive manner. In addition, the flexibility of microfiber in supporting a variety of sensing layer designs and the integration of nanomaterials with biorecognition molecules brings immense opportunity for specificity enhancement. This review paper aims to discuss and explore different microfiber configurations by highlighting their fundamental concepts, fabrication processes, and performance as biosensors.
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Wu, Yu, Jing Feng, Guang Hu, En Zhang i Huan-Huan Yu. "Colorimetric Sensors for Chemical and Biological Sensing Applications". Sensors 23, nr 5 (2.03.2023): 2749. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23052749.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Colorimetric sensors have been widely used to detect numerous analytes due to their cost-effectiveness, high sensitivity and specificity, and clear visibility, even with the naked eye. In recent years, the emergence of advanced nanomaterials has greatly improved the development of colorimetric sensors. This review focuses on the recent (from the years 2015 to 2022) advances in the design, fabrication, and applications of colorimetric sensors. First, the classification and sensing mechanisms of colorimetric sensors are briefly described, and the design of colorimetric sensors based on several typical nanomaterials, including graphene and its derivatives, metal and metal oxide nanoparticles, DNA nanomaterials, quantum dots, and some other materials are discussed. Then the applications, especially for the detection of metallic and non-metallic ions, proteins, small molecules, gas, virus and bacteria, and DNA/RNA are summarized. Finally, the remaining challenges and future trends in the development of colorimetric sensors are also discussed.
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Yi, Chenglin, Hong Liu, Shaoyi Zhang, Yiqun Yang, Yan Zhang, Zhongyuan Lu, Eugenia Kumacheva i Zhihong Nie. "Self-limiting directional nanoparticle bonding governed by reaction stoichiometry". Science 369, nr 6509 (10.09.2020): 1369–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.aba8653.
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Nanoparticle clusters with molecular-like configurations are an emerging class of colloidal materials. Particles decorated with attractive surface patches acting as analogs of functional groups are used to assemble colloidal molecules (CMs); however, high-yield generation of patchy nanoparticles remains a challenge. We show that for nanoparticles capped with complementary reactive polymers, a stoichiometric reaction leads to reorganization of the uniform ligand shell and self-limiting nanoparticle bonding, whereas electrostatic repulsion between colloidal bonds governs CM symmetry. This mechanism enables high-yield CM generation and their programmable organization in hierarchical nanostructures. Our work bridges the gap between covalent bonding taking place at an atomic level and colloidal bonding occurring at the length scale two orders of magnitude larger and broadens the methods for nanomaterial fabrication.
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Zhang, Yu, Wenliang Song, Yiming Lu, Yixin Xu, Changping Wang, Deng-Guang Yu i Il Kim. "Recent Advances in Poly(α-L-glutamic acid)-Based Nanomaterials for Drug Delivery". Biomolecules 12, nr 5 (25.04.2022): 636. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom12050636.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Poly(α-L-glutamic acid) (PGA) is a class of synthetic polypeptides composed of the monomeric unit α-L-glutamic acid. Owing to their biocompatibility, biodegradability, and non-immunogenicity, PGA-based nanomaterials have been elaborately designed for drug delivery systems. Relevant studies including the latest research results on PGA-based nanomaterials for drug delivery have been discussed in this work. The following related topics are summarized as: (1) a brief description of the synthetic strategies of PGAs; (2) an elaborated presentation of the evolving applications of PGA in the areas of drug delivery, including the rational design, precise fabrication, and biological evaluation; (3) a profound discussion on the further development of PGA-based nanomaterials in drug delivery. In summary, the unique structures and superior properties enables PGA-based nanomaterials to represent as an enormous potential in biomaterials-related drug delivery areas.
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Zhang, Yu, Wenliang Song, Yiming Lu, Yixin Xu, Changping Wang, Deng-Guang Yu i Il Kim. "Recent Advances in Poly(α-L-glutamic acid)-Based Nanomaterials for Drug Delivery". Biomolecules 12, nr 5 (25.04.2022): 636. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom12050636.
Pełny tekst źródłaStreszczenie:
Poly(α-L-glutamic acid) (PGA) is a class of synthetic polypeptides composed of the monomeric unit α-L-glutamic acid. Owing to their biocompatibility, biodegradability, and non-immunogenicity, PGA-based nanomaterials have been elaborately designed for drug delivery systems. Relevant studies including the latest research results on PGA-based nanomaterials for drug delivery have been discussed in this work. The following related topics are summarized as: (1) a brief description of the synthetic strategies of PGAs; (2) an elaborated presentation of the evolving applications of PGA in the areas of drug delivery, including the rational design, precise fabrication, and biological evaluation; (3) a profound discussion on the further development of PGA-based nanomaterials in drug delivery. In summary, the unique structures and superior properties enables PGA-based nanomaterials to represent as an enormous potential in biomaterials-related drug delivery areas.
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Naresh, Varnakavi, i Nohyun Lee. "A Review on Biosensors and Recent Development of Nanostructured Materials-Enabled Biosensors". Sensors 21, nr 4 (5.02.2021): 1109. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21041109.
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A biosensor is an integrated receptor-transducer device, which can convert a biological response into an electrical signal. The design and development of biosensors have taken a center stage for researchers or scientists in the recent decade owing to the wide range of biosensor applications, such as health care and disease diagnosis, environmental monitoring, water and food quality monitoring, and drug delivery. The main challenges involved in the biosensor progress are (i) the efficient capturing of biorecognition signals and the transformation of these signals into electrochemical, electrical, optical, gravimetric, or acoustic signals (transduction process), (ii) enhancing transducer performance i.e., increasing sensitivity, shorter response time, reproducibility, and low detection limits even to detect individual molecules, and (iii) miniaturization of the biosensing devices using micro-and nano-fabrication technologies. Those challenges can be met through the integration of sensing technology with nanomaterials, which range from zero- to three-dimensional, possessing a high surface-to-volume ratio, good conductivities, shock-bearing abilities, and color tunability. Nanomaterials (NMs) employed in the fabrication and nanobiosensors include nanoparticles (NPs) (high stability and high carrier capacity), nanowires (NWs) and nanorods (NRs) (capable of high detection sensitivity), carbon nanotubes (CNTs) (large surface area, high electrical and thermal conductivity), and quantum dots (QDs) (color tunability). Furthermore, these nanomaterials can themselves act as transduction elements. This review summarizes the evolution of biosensors, the types of biosensors based on their receptors, transducers, and modern approaches employed in biosensors using nanomaterials such as NPs (e.g., noble metal NPs and metal oxide NPs), NWs, NRs, CNTs, QDs, and dendrimers and their recent advancement in biosensing technology with the expansion of nanotechnology.
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Lewandowska, Małgorzata, Joanna Siejka-Kulczyk, Mariusz Andrzejczuk i Krzysztof Jan Kurzydlowski. "Nanomaterials in Dental Applications". Solid State Phenomena 140 (październik 2008): 133–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.140.133.
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Currently, nanopowders and nanocomposites reinforced with nanofillers are one of the most rapidly developing groups of materials possessing excellent prospects for a wide range of industrial and medical applications. This paper presents several examples of the nanomaterials developed in the Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering of Warsaw University of Technology which can have dental applications. Ceramic-polymer composites are the most popular materials for dental fillings. The influence of the nanofiller additions on the relevant properties of ceramic-polymer dental composites are discussed in the paper. The other group of nanomaterials applicable as dental materials are based on nanostructured yttrium stabilized zirconium oxide ceramic. This ceramic is widely used for the fabrication of crowns, bridges, inlays and other dental elements for which high strength, durability and esthetical appearance is required. The effect of the nano-grain size of the ceramic powder on the sintering parameters, microstructure and properties of the zirconia is discussed.
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Ma, Cheng, Zhichen Zhang, Tingting Tan i Jun-Jie Zhu. "Recent Progress in Plasmonic Based Electrochemiluminescence Biosensors: A Review". Biosensors 13, nr 2 (29.01.2023): 200. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bios13020200.
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Electrochemiluminescence (ECL) analysis has become a powerful tool in recent biomarker detection and clinic diagnosis due to its high sensitivity and broad linear range. To improve the analytical performance of ECL biosensors, various advanced nanomaterials have been introduced to regulate the ECL signal such as graphene, gold nanomaterials, and quantum dots. Among these nanomaterials, some plasmonic nanostructures play important roles in the fabrication of ECL biosensors. The plasmon effect for the ECL signal includes ECL quenching by resonant energy transfer, ECL enhancement by surface plasmon resonance enhancement, and a change in the polarized angle of ECL emission. The influence can be regulated by the distance between ECL emitters and plasmonic materials, and the characteristics of polarization angle-dependent surface plasmon coupling. This paper outlines the recent advances of plasmonic based ECL biosensors involving various plasmonic materials including noble metals and semiconductor nanomaterials. The detection targets in these biosensors range from small molecules, proteins, nucleic acids, and cells thanks to the plasmonic effect. In addition to ECL biosensors, ECL microscopy analysis with plasmonic materials is also highlighted because of the enhanced ECL image quality by the plasmonic effect. Finally, the future opportunities and challenges are discussed if more plasmonic effects are introduced into the ECL realm.
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Alheshibri, Muidh. "Influence of Laser Energies on the Generation of Cobalt Oxide Nanoparticles via Laser Ablation in Liquid". Solid State Phenomena 336 (30.08.2022): 69–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-bue3si.
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Nanoparticles fabrication using pulsed laser synthesis is considered a straightforward, reliable, and green approach for the fabrication of nanomaterials. In this study, cobalt oxide (CoO) nanoparticles were synthesized from cobalt targets using pulsed laser ablation inside a 10% v/v ethanol solution. This study examined the effect of the laser energies on the size and morphology of CoO nanoparticles. The size, morphology of the fabricated nanomaterials were studied using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and their optical properties were obtained using ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy. Uniform size distribution of nanoparticles with diameters less than 60 nm was observed at 30, 45, and 60 mJ. The optimum condition at which the CoO nanoparticles are fabricated with a narrower size distribution was reported, which would be helpful in several applications such as electronic thin film, pigments and dyes, capacitors, gas sensors, and lithium-ion batteries.
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Zhang, Yanan, Ning Cai i Vincent Chan. "Recent Advances in Silicon Quantum Dot-Based Fluorescent Biosensors". Biosensors 13, nr 3 (23.02.2023): 311. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bios13030311.
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With the development of nanotechnology, fluorescent silicon nanomaterials have been synthesized and applied in various areas. Among them, silicon quantum dots (SiQDs) are a new class of zero-dimensional nanomaterials with outstanding optical properties, benign biocompatibility, and ultra-small size. In recent years, SiQDs have been gradually utilized for constructing high-performance fluorescent sensors for chemical or biological analytes. Herein, we focus on reviewing recent advances in SiQD-based fluorescent biosensors from a broad perspective and discussing possible future trends. First, the representative progress for synthesizing water-soluble SiQDs in the past decade is systematically summarized. Then, the latest achievement of the design and fabrication of SiQD-based fluorescent biosensors is introduced, with a particular focus on analyte-induced photoluminescence (fluorescence) changes, hybrids of SiQDs with other materials or molecules, and biological ligand-modification methods. Finally, the current challenges and prospects of this field are highlighted.
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Liao, Chengzhu, Yuchao Li i Sie Tjong. "Graphene Nanomaterials: Synthesis, Biocompatibility, and Cytotoxicity". International Journal of Molecular Sciences 19, nr 11 (12.11.2018): 3564. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms19113564.
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Graphene, graphene oxide, and reduced graphene oxide have been widely considered as promising candidates for industrial and biomedical applications due to their exceptionally high mechanical stiffness and strength, excellent electrical conductivity, high optical transparency, and good biocompatibility. In this article, we reviewed several techniques that are available for the synthesis of graphene-based nanomaterials, and discussed the biocompatibility and toxicity of such nanomaterials upon exposure to mammalian cells under in vitro and in vivo conditions. Various synthesis strategies have been developed for their fabrication, generating graphene nanomaterials with different chemical and physical properties. As such, their interactions with cells and organs are altered accordingly. Conflicting results relating biocompatibility and cytotoxicity induced by graphene nanomaterials have been reported in the literature. In particular, graphene nanomaterials that are used for in vitro cell culture and in vivo animal models may contain toxic chemical residuals, thereby interfering graphene-cell interactions and complicating interpretation of experimental results. Synthesized techniques, such as liquid phase exfoliation and wet chemical oxidation, often required toxic organic solvents, surfactants, strong acids, and oxidants for exfoliating graphite flakes. Those organic molecules and inorganic impurities that are retained in final graphene products can interact with biological cells and tissues, inducing toxicity or causing cell death eventually. The residual contaminants can cause a higher risk of graphene-induced toxicity in biological cells. This adverse effect may be partly responsible for the discrepancies between various studies in the literature.