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Wallis, William Richard James. "The cellular pathophysiology of myocardial hypertrophy". Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.265997.
Pełny tekst źródłaJager, Tertia de. "Estrogen action in the myocardium modulation of myocardial gene expression and the influence on cardiac hypertrophy /". [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2002. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=964433621.
Pełny tekst źródłaDrawnel, Faye Marie. "Control of myocardial hypertrophic remodelling by integration of calcium signals, kinase cascades and microRNAs". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.609969.
Pełny tekst źródłaWillems, Ingrid E. M. G. "The interstitium in myocardial infarction and hypertrophy experimental and clinical observations /". [Maastricht : Maastricht : Rijksuniversiteit Limburg] ; University Library, Maastricht University [Host], 1995. http://arno.unimaas.nl/show.cgi?fid=5779.
Pełny tekst źródłaSenanayake, Eshan Lankapura. "Left ventricular hypertrophy and myocardial protection with perhexiline during cardiac surgery". Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2015. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/5942/.
Pełny tekst źródłaCrampton, Matthew S., i n/a. "Differential Gene Expression in Pathological and Physiological Cardiac Hypertrophy". Griffith University. School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, 2006. http://www4.gu.edu.au:8080/adt-root/public/adt-QGU20070104.165826.
Pełny tekst źródłaCrampton, Matthew S. "Differential Gene Expression in Pathological and Physiological Cardiac Hypertrophy". Thesis, Griffith University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/366605.
Pełny tekst źródłaThesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Sciences
Full Text
TAKEMURA, Haruki, Noriko NIWA, Mayumi HOJO, Jong-Kook LEE, Kenji YASUI, Yuichi UEDA i Itsuo KODAMA. "Altered I_f Channel Gene Expression in Mouse Hearts after Myocardial Infarction". Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/2794.
Pełny tekst źródłaTakemura, Haruki, Kenji Yasui, Noriko Niwa, Mayumi Hojo, Mitsuru Horiba, Jong-Kook Lee, Ueda Yuichi i Itsuo Kodama. "Down-regulation of Connexin 43 mRNA in Mouse Hearts after Myocardial Infarction". Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/7571.
Pełny tekst źródłaSneddon, Kenneth Paxton. "Dispersion of repolarisation and refractoriness induced by amiodarone, d-sotalol, myocardial ischaemia and hypertrophy". Thesis, University of Glasgow, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.300739.
Pełny tekst źródłaEgdell, Robin Michael. "Arrhythmogenic phenomena in isolated cardiac myocytes". Thesis, Imperial College London, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.322380.
Pełny tekst źródłaDavey, Patrick Paul. "A clinical and experimental study of myocardial repolarisation in left ventricular hypertrophy and heart failure". Thesis, University of Oxford, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.299520.
Pełny tekst źródłaHigazi, Daniel Ramsay. "Calcium, endothelin and inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate : a complex interplay in the regulation of myocardial hypertrophy". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.611178.
Pełny tekst źródłaFrentzou, Georgia Alkistis. "Investigations into the influence and role of tissue factor in the pathogenesis of myocardial hypertrophy". Thesis, University of Hull, 2007. http://hydra.hull.ac.uk/resources/hull:8097.
Pełny tekst źródłaShook, Paige, Dr Suman Dalal, Dr Mahipal Singh i Dr Krishna Singh. "Long-Term Cardioprotective Potential of Exogenous Ubiquitin in the Treatment of Post-Myocardial Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury of the Heart". Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2021. https://dc.etsu.edu/asrf/2021/presentations/12.
Pełny tekst źródłaHallhuber, Matthias [Verfasser], i Oliver [Akademischer Betreuer] Ritter. "Inhibition of Nuclear Import of Calcineurin Prevents the Development of Myocardial Hypertrophy / Matthias Hallhuber. Betreuer: Oliver Ritter". Würzburg : Universitätsbibliothek der Universität Würzburg, 2007. http://d-nb.info/1025223845/34.
Pełny tekst źródłaKelloniemi, A. (Annina). "Novel factors regulating cardiac remodeling in experimental models of cardiac hypertrophy and failure". Doctoral thesis, Oulun yliopisto, 2018. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9789526220291.
Pełny tekst źródłaTiivistelmä Sydämen kuormitus saa aikaan vasemman kammion liikakasvun eli hypertrofian ja sydämen uudelleenmuovautumisen, mikä pitkittyessään johtaa sydämen vajaatoimintaan. Sydämen vajaatoiminta on monimutkainen oireyhtymä, josta länsimaissa kärsii noin 1-2 % aikuisväestöstä, ja esiintyvyys nousee iän myötä. Patologisessa uudelleenmuovautumisessa tapahtuu toiminnallisia ja rakenteellisia muutoksia, joihin liittyy muutoksia geenien ilmentymisessä, sarkomeerin uudelleen järjestäytymistä, sydänlihassolujen koon kasvua, fibroosia, tulehdusta, oksidatiivista stressiä ja aineenvaihdunnan huonontumista. Tämän työn tarkoituksena oli tutkia kolmen uuden tekijän roolia sydämen uudelleenmuovautumisessa erilaisissa kokeellisissa sydämen kuormituksen malleissa. Fosfataasin ja aktiinin säätelijä 1:n (Phactr1) ilmentyminen väheni nopeasti infarktin seurauksena. Adenovirusvälitteinen Phactr1:n ylituotanto muutti luusto- ja sydänlihasaktiinien isomuotojen suhdetta sekä terveessä että infarktisydämessä, samoin viljellyissä sydänlihassoluissa. Phactr1 saattaa säädellä isomuotojen suhdetta seerumiresponsiivisen tekijän (SRF) avulla. Transformoituvan kasvutekijä β1:n stimuloima proteiini 22:n (TSC-22) ilmentyminen nousi nopeasti usean hypertrofisen stimuluksen seurauksena sekä infarktin jälkeen. Lisäksi TSC-22 voisi säädellä kollageeni 3a1:n ilmentymistä sydämessä. Retinan degeneroituvan proteiinin 3 kaltaisen tekijän (Rd3l) ilmentyminen väheni sekä painekuormituksen että infarktin seurauksena. Rd3l-poistogeenisillä hiirillä aortan ahtauman aiheuttama painekuormitus sai aikaan lisääntynyttä sydänlihassolujen hypertrofiaa ja sydämen toimintahäiriöitä. Tämä väitöskirjatutkimus tuo uutta tietoa Phactr1-, TSC-22- ja Rd3l-geeneistä kuormituksen aiheuttamassa sydämen hypertrofiassa ja uudelleenmuovautumisessa. Nämä tulokset auttavat osaltaan ymmärtämään monimutkaisia molekyylitason mekanismeja, jotka johtavat sydämen vaajatoiminnan kehittymiseen
Yanazume, Tetsuhiko. "Rho/ROCK pathway contributes to the activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase/GATA-4 during myocardial cell hypertrophy". Kyoto University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/148701.
Pełny tekst źródłaKaprielian, Roger. "Molecular and cellular mechanisms associated with cardiac hypertrophy following myocardial infarction in rats, studies on ion channels and intracellular calcium". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape2/PQDD_0024/NQ49955.pdf.
Pełny tekst źródłaSzabo, Z. (Zoltan). "Modulation of connective tissue growth factor and activin receptor 2b function in cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis". Doctoral thesis, Oulun yliopisto, 2019. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9789526223407.
Pełny tekst źródłaTiivistelmä Sydämen lisääntynyt kuormitus vaatii lisääntynyttä supistusvoimaa, joka johtaa sydänlihaksen adaptaatioon pumppaustehon ylläpitämiseksi. Alkuvaiheessa sydämen liikakasvu on hyödyllistä, mutta pidempään jatkuessaan se johtaa lopulta pumppaustoiminnan heikkenemiseen ja sydämen vajaatoimintaan. Useiden signalointimekanismien on osoitettu säätelevän sydänlihaksen adaptoitumista patologisille tiloille. Transformoiva kasvutekijä –β (TGF-β) proteiiniperhe säätelee sydämen adaptoitumista sekä vasemman kammion seinämän myötäävyyttä venytykselle. TGF-β1 indusoi supistuskykyisten myofibroblastien muodostumista sekä kollageenin tuotantoa. Runsas kollageenin tuotanto vahvistaa sydämen seinämää ja on tarpeen sydäninfarktivaurion korjaamisessa, mutta pitkään jatkuessaan se heikentää sydämen toimintaa ja altistaa rytmihäiriöille, sydämen vajaatoiminnalle sekä sydänperäiselle äkkikuolemalle. Sidekudoskasvutekijä (CTGF) säätelee TGF-β1:n signalointia ja se osallistuu haavan paranemiseen sekä fibroosiin. Tutkimuksessa selvitettiin, voidaanko sidekudoskasvutekijän tai TGF-β -perheen proteiinien toimintaa estämällä lievittää sydämen vajaatoiminnan kehittymistä. Koetuloksemme osoittavat, että CTGF:n toiminnan estäminen vasta-aineen (mAb) avulla vähentää hemodynaamisen liikakuormituksen indusoimaa vasemman kammion toiminnan heikkenemistä, kammion laajenemista sekä fibroosia. CTGF mAb myös vähentää kuolleisuutta ja estää sydämen toiminnan heikkenemistä sydäninfarktin jälkeen sekä lievittää sydäninfarktin jälkeistä dilatoivan kardiomyopatian kehittymistä. Aktiviinien ja myostatiinin toiminnan esto liukoisen aktiviinireseptori 2B:n (ACVR2B-Fc) avulla sen sijaan ei vaikuta sydäninfarktivaurioon tai iskeemisen vajaatoiminnan kehittymiseen. ACVR2B-Fc kuitenkin lisää luurankolihaksen kasvua, estäen sydämen vajaatoimintaan liittyvää luurankolihaskatoa. Sydämen hypertrofian ja vajaatoiminnan syntymisen kannalta keskeisten signaalinvälitysreittien tunnistaminen ja niiden toiminnan ymmärtäminen auttaisi kehittämään tehokkaampia lääkehoitoja sydänsairauksiin
Morii, Isao. "Myocardial contractile efficiency and oxygen cost of contractility are preserved during transition from compensated hypertrophy to failure in rats with salt-sensitive hypertension". Kyoto University, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/182255.
Pełny tekst źródłaHanda, Nobuhiro. "Quantitative myocardial FDG uptake by positron emission tomography in rat heart and its application for longitudinal multiple studies in progressive hypertrophy of heart model". Kyoto University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/135924.
Pełny tekst źródłaKulkarni, Aditi C. "In vivo MRI of mouse heart at 11.7 t: monitoring of stem-cell therapy for myocardial infarction and evaluation of cardiac hypertrophy". Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1228100866.
Pełny tekst źródłaCoelho-Filho, Otávio Rizzi 1977. "Caracterização conjunta da fibrose intersticial e da hipertrofia dos cardiomiócitos pela ressonância magnética cardíaca = Characterization of both interstitial fibrosis and cardiomyocyte hypertrophy by cardiac magnetic ressonance". [s.n.], 2013. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/312293.
Pełny tekst źródłaTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-23T11:09:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 CoelhoFilho_OtavioRizzi_D.pdf: 8725333 bytes, checksum: ee070aef34035ec96f3bc99d7656888b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013
Resumo: A hipertrofia dos cardiomiócitos e a expansão da matriz extracelular são fatores importantes para o desenvolvimento da insuficiência cardíaca. Até o momento nenhum método não invasivo é capaz de caracterizar conjuntamente a hipertrofia de cardiomiócitos e a expansão da matriz extracelular. O objetivo desse estudo foi de validar um método derivado da ressonância magnética cardíaca (RMC) para a avaliação conjunta da hipertrofia dos cardiomiócitos e da expansão da matriz extracelular. Camundongos adultos foram submetidos a 7 semanas de tratamento com L-NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester (L-NAME) para indução de hipertensão e hipertrofia ventricular. Outro grupo de camundongos foi submetido à bandagem cirúrgica da aorta ascendente. Os animais tratados com L-NAME foram estudados pela RMC antes e após 7 semanas de tratamento com L-NAME. Os animais submetidos à bandagem da aorta foram estudados com 2, 4 e 7 semanas após a bandagem. O tempo T1 foi mensurado no coração antes e depois da administração de contraste paramagnético extracelular, gadolínio. O tempo de vida intracelular das moléculas de água (TVIMA), um parâmetro dependente ao tamanho da celular, e a fração do volume extracelular (FVEC), um parâmetro relacionado com o tecido conectivo extracelular, foram determinados utilizando um modelo de dois compartimentos, considerando a troca de água pela membrana celular dos cardiomiócitos. Os diâmetros menor (Dminor) e maior (Dmajor) dos cardiomiócitos foram medidos nos corações explantados corados com aglutinina contra gérmen de trigo (FITC-wheat germ agglutinin). TVIMA apresentou forte correlação com a relação do volume-pela-superfície dos cardiomiócitos (r=0,78, P<0,001) e do volume (r=0,78, P<0,001) dos cardiomiócitos determinados pela histologia. Os diâmetros e o volume dos cardiomiócitos foram significativamente maior nos animais trados com L-NAME (P<0,001). Os camundongos submetidos à bandagem da aorta apresentavam sinais precoces de aumento do tamanho dos cardiomiócitos, determinado tanto pela RMC como pela histologia. Animais expostos a bandagem da aorta demonstraram aumento significante no volume e da relação volume-pela-superfície dos cardiomiócitos, assim com ocorreu com TVIMA. A determinação do TVIMA e da FVEC pela RMC é capaz de quantificar dois importantes componentes do remodelamento cardíaco: a hipertrofia dos cardiomiócitos e a expansão da matriz extracelular
Abstract: Cardiomyocyte hypertrophy is a critical precursor to the development of heart failure. Methods to phenotype cellular hypertrophy non-invasively are limited. The goal was to validate a CMR-based approach for the combined assessment of extracellular matrix expansion and cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. Two murine models of pressure-overload, hypertension induced by L-NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester (L-NAME) and transaortic constriction (TAC), were imaged by CMR at baseline and 7-weeks after L-NAME treatment, and up to 7 weeks following TAC. T1 relaxation times were measured before and after gadolinium contrast. The intracellular lifetime of water (?ic), a cell size dependent parameter, and extracellular volume fraction (ECV), a parameter linked to interstitial connective tissue, were determined with a model for transcytolemmal water exchange. Minor (Dmin) and major (Dmaj) cell-diameters were measured on FITC-wheat germ agglutinin stained sections. ?ic, correlated strongly with histologic cardiomyocyte volume-to-surface ratio (r=0.78, P<0.001) and cell volume (r=0.75; P<0.001). Histological cardiomyocyte diameters and cell volume were higher in mice treated with L-NAME for 7 weeks compared to controls (P<0.001). In the TAC model, there was an early increase in cell volume and cardiomyocyte size using both CMR and histology without early fibrosis. Mice exposed to TAC demonstrated a significant, longitudinal, and parallel increase in histological cell volume, volume-to-surface ratio, and ?ic,between 2 and 7 weeks after TAC. The intracellular lifetime (? ic) measured by contrast-enhanced CMR is a sensitive, non-invasive measure of cardiomyocyte hypertrophy that can longitudinally track hypertrophy and myocardial remodeling
Doutorado
Clinica Medica
Doutor em Clínica Médica
Ferreira, Ricardo Mattos. "Fatores de risco cardiovascular em mulheres com antecedente de pré-eclâmpsia e sua associação com hipertrofia miocárdica e espessamento médio-intimal de carótidas". Botucatu, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/136481.
Pełny tekst źródłaResumo: Fundamento: A história de pré-eclâmpsia (PE) tem sido associada a doença cardiovascular em mulheres. Existem evidências de que alterações cardiovasculares decorrentes da PE podem permanecer mesmo após o término da gestação.Objetivos: 1-avaliar a frequência de fatores de risco cardiovascular em mulheres com história de PE há 12 meses e sua associação com hipertrofia miocárdica e espessura médio-intimal de carótidas (EMIC); 2-avaliar o efeito da hipertrofia miocárdica na função do ventrículo esquerdo e na capacidade funcional.Métodos: Estudo prospectivo transversal incluindo 118 pacientes consecutivas com história de PE há 12 meses. Foram efetuadas avaliações clínicas e laboratoriais, ecocardiograma, teste ergométrico e ultrassom de carótidas. A hipertrofia miocárdica (HVE) foi definida para massa miocárdica indexada ≥ 45 g/m2,7. Foram consideradas como EMIC aumentadas quando as medidas estivessem acima do percentil 75 para a faixa etária. Foram considerados os fatores de risco clássicos para doença cardiovascular e calculado o escore de risco cardiovascular global em 30 anos (RCVG_30). Os dados foram analisados por meio de regressão logística ou linear e coeficiente de correlação de Spearman. Nível de significância p<0,05.Resultados: A hipertensão arterial sistêmica (HAS) foi identificada em 52 pacientes (44%), sobrepeso/obesidade (Sob/obes) em 82 (69%), dislipidemia em 68 (57%) e síndrome metabólica em 47 pacientes (40%). Um total de 48 mulheres (41%) apresentaram RCVG_... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: Background: A history of preeclampsia (PE) has been associated with cardiovascular disease in women. There is substantial evidence that cardiovascular alterations resulting from PE can persist even after termination of pregnancy.Objectives: 1-evaluate the frequency of cardiovascular risk factors in women with 12-month history of PE and their association with myocardial hypertrophy and carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT); 2-evaluate the effect of myocardial hypertrophy on left ventricular function and functional capacity.Methods: Transversal prospective study including 118 consecutive patients with 12-month PE history. Clinical and laboratory evaluations, echocardiogram, ergometric and carotid ultrasound were performed. Myocardial hypertrophy (LVH) was defined as indexed myocardial mass ≥ 45 g/m2,7. CMIT was considered elevated when the measures were above the 75th percentile for the age range. The classical risk factors for cardiovascular disease were considered, and the 30-year global cardiovascular risk score was calculated (GCVR_30). The data were analyzed by linear or logistic regression and Spearman’s correlation coefficient. Significance level p<0.05.Results: Systemic arterial hypertension (SAH) was identified in 52 patients (44%), overweight/obesity (OOB) in 82 (69%), dyslipidemia in 68 (57%) and metabolic syndrome in 47 patients (40%). A total of 48 women (41%) presented GCVR _30 greater than or equal to 10%, with these patients aged 34±5.4 years. LVH was pres... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Doutor
Lubelwana, Hafver Tandekile. "The role of glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) protein in the development of myocardial hypertrophy in a rat model of diet induced obesity and insulin resistance". Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/20130.
Pełny tekst źródłaENGLISH ABSTRACT: Introduction: The worldwide escalation in the incidence of obesity and its strong association with insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes and the cardiovascular complications that accompany these disease states have elicited interest in the underlying mechanisms of these pathologies. Preliminary data generated in our laboratory showed that obesity is associated with abnormalities in the insulin signalling pathway. Specifically, we found a down-regulation of protein kinase B (PKB/Akt), which is known to mediate the metabolic effects of insulin. One of the downstream targets of PKB/Akt is glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3), which is inhibited by this phosphorylation. Detrimental effects of unopposed activity of GSK-3 have recently been described. This may play a pivotal role in some of the adverse consequences of insulin resistance in the heart. Hypothesis: Chronic inhibition of GSK-3 will induce myocardial hypertrophy or exacerbate the development of existing hypertrophy in a pre-diabetic model of diet induced obesity and insulin resistance. Objectives: (1) Assess the extent of the development of myocardial hypertrophy in a rat model of diet induced obesity (DIO) and insulin resistance. (2) Assess the effect of inhibition of GSK-3 protein on the development of myocardial hypertrophy. Methods: Two groups of age-matched male Wistar rats were used. Control animals received standard rat chow, while obese animals received a high caloric diet for 20 weeks. After 12 weeks, half of the animals in both groups received GSK-3 inhibitor treatment (CHIR118637, 30mg/kg/day, Novartis). At the end of 20 weeks, three series of experiments were conducted. (i) The animals were subjected to echocardiography to determine in vivo myocardial function, and biometric, metabolic and biochemical parameters were evaluated. (ii) The ability of the cardiomyocytes to accumulate deoxy-glucose after stimulation with insulin was determined, and (iii) the localization of key proteins was monitored using fluorescence microscopy and cell size was determined using light microscopy and flow activated cell sorter analysis. Results and discussion: The high caloric diet increased body weight (p<0.005) and intraperitoneal fat mass (p<0.01) when compared to controls. Complications associated with obesity, such as impaired glucose tolerance (p<0.05), hyperinsulinemia (p<0.0005) and an increased HOMA-IR index (p<0.01) were observed. Additionally, cardiomyocytes from the DIO animals had a significantly impaired response to insulin, specifically when 10nM (p<0.05) and 100nM (p<0.05) of insulin were used as stimulus. We also found a dysregulation in PKB/Akt, indicated by a down-regulation of phosphorylated PKB/Akt (p<0.01). The diet promoted the development of myocardial hypertrophy, since the ventricular weight (p<0.05) and ventricular weight to tibia length ratio were increased (p<0.01). Echocardiography experiments showed an increase in end diastolic diameter in the DIO animals (p<0.05). Additionally, there was an increase in the cardiomyocyte cell width in the DIO rats (p<0.0001) and a tendency for peri-nuclear localization of NFATc3. GSK-3 inhibition promoted the development of insulin resistance in control animals, as indicated by an increase in the body weight (p<0.05), serum insulin levels (p<0.01) and HOMA-IR index (p<0.01). In the DIO animals, the GSK-3 inhibitor treatment improved insulin resistance, as a decrease in serum insulin concentration (p<0.05) was observed. The cardiomyocytes from the treated DIO animals also showed an increase in glucose uptake (p<0.05) when stimulated with 100nM of insulin. The GSK-3 inhibitor promoted the development of myocardial hypertrophy in the control animals, indicated by an increase in ventricular weight (p<0.05) and cardiomyocyte cell width (p<0.0001), but did not exacerbate hypertrophy in the DIO animals. Conclusion: Both the high caloric diet and the GSK-3 inhibitor promoted the development of insulin resistance and myocardial hypertrophy in the rats. In the DIO animals the GSK-3 inhibitor treatment ameliorated insulin resistance and did not promote the further development of myocardial hypertrophy.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Inleiding: Die huidige styging in vetsugtigheid en die sterk assosiasie daarvan met insulien weerstandigheid, tipe 2 diabetes en kardiovaskulêre komplikasies soos hipertrofie, het ‘n belangstelling in die onderliggende meganismes van hierdie siektetoestande ontlok. Voorlopige data uit ons laboratorium het getoon dat vetsug geassosieerd is met abnormaliteite in die insulien seintransduksie-pad soos byvoorbeeld ‘n afregulering van miokardiale proteïen kinase B (PKB/Akt), wat bekend is om die metaboliese effekte van insulien te medieer. Een van die proteïene wat deur PKB/Akt gefosforileer en daardeur geïnhibeer word, is glikogeen sintase kinase-3 (GSK-3). Negatiewe effekte van onge-opponeerde aktiwiteit van GSK-3 is beskryf en dit mag ‘n sleutelrol speel in sommige van die nadelige gevolge van insulien weerstandigheid in die hart. Hipotese: Chroniese onderdrukking van GSK-3 sal miokardiale hipertrofie ontlok of die bestaande hipertrofie in ‘n pre-diabetiese model van dieet-geïnduseerde vetsug en insulien weerstandigheid vererger. Doelstellings: (1) Om die omvang van die ontwikkeling van miokardiale hipertrofie in ‘n rotmodel van dieet-geïnduseerde vetsug te ondersoek en (2) om die effek van inhibisie van GSK-3 op die ontwikkeling van hipertrofie te ondersoek. Metodes: Ouderdomsgepaarde manlike Wistarrotte is in hierdie studie gebruik. Die diere is vir ‘n periode van 20 weke aan verskillende diëte onderwerp, naamlik standaard kommersiële rotkos vir die kontrole diere en ‘n hoë kalorie dieet vir die eksperimenteel vet diere (DIO). Helfte van elke groep diere is vir 8 weke met ‘n GSK-3 inhibitor behandel (CHIR118637, 30mg/kg/day, Novartis). Na die 20 weke is 3 eksperimentele reekse uitgevoer: (i) Die diere is eggokardiografies ondersoek om in vivo miokardiale funksie te bepaal en biometriese, metaboliese en biochemiese parameters is evalueer. (ii) Die vermoë van kardiomiosiete om de-oksiglukose na insulien stimulasie te akkumuleer, is bepaal, en (iii) die lokalisering van sleutelproteïene is met behulp van fluoressensie mikroskopie en die selgrootte met behulp van ligmikroskopie bepaal. Resultate en bespreking: Die hoë kalorie dieet het gepaard gegaan met ‘n beduidende toename in liggaamsgewig (p<0.005) en intraperitoneale vetmassa (p<0.01) in vergelyking met diere op die kontrole dieet. Newe-effekte geassosieerd met vetsug nl. onderdrukte glucose toleransie (p<0.05), hiperinsulinemie (p<0.0005) en ‘n verhoogde HOMA-IR index (p<0.01) is ook waargeneem. Daar was ook ‘n beduidend ingekorte respons van glukose opname deur kardiomiosiete van die vet diere na stimulasie met 10nM (p<0.05) en 100nM (p<0.05) insulien. Disregulering van PKB/Akt is gevind in die vorm van ‘n afregulering van die fosforilering van die proteïen (p<0.01). Die dieet het ook gelei tot die ontwikkeling van miokardiale hipertrofie aangesien die ventrikulêre gewig (p<0.05) asook die verhouding van die ventrikulêre gewig teenoor tibia lengte beduidend toegeneem het (p<0.01). Eggokardiografie het ‘n toename in ventrikulêre end-diastoliese dimensie in die DIO diere aangetoon (p<0.05). Tesame hiermee het die breedte van kardiomiosiete van die DIO diere toegeneem (p<0.0001) en daar was ook ‘n peri-nukluêre lokalisering van NFATc3. Behandeling van kontrole diere met ‘n GSK-3 inhibitor het insulienweerstandigheid ontlok soos afgelei uit ‘n verhoging in liggaamsgewig (p<0.05), serum insulien-vlakke (p<0.01) en die HOMA-IR waarde (p<0.01). In teenstelling het behandeling van die DIO diere met die GSK-3 inhibitor tot ‘n verbetering van insulienweerstandigheid gelei aangesien ‘n verlaging in serum insulien konsentrasies gevind is (p<0.05). Kardiomiosiete vanaf die behandelde DIO diere het ook ‘n verhoogde insulien-gestimuleerde glukose opname met 100nM insulien getoon (p<0.05). Behandeling met die GSK-3 inhibitor het die ontwikkeling van miokardiale hipertrofie in die kontrole diere teweeggebring, soos aangetoon deur ‘n toename in die ventrikulêre gewig (p<0.05) en ‘n groter selwydte in kardiomiosiete terwyl dit geen invloed op die bestaande hipertrofie van die vet diere gehad het nie. Gevolgtrekking: Die huidige studie het getoon dat die betrokke dieet asook behandeling met ‘n GSK-3 inhibitor insulienweerstandigheid sowel as die ontwikkelling van miokardiale hipertrofie in rotte ontlok. In die DIO diere het die behandeling met die GSK-3 inhibitor bloedglukose en insulien-vlakke verlaag en het nie hipertrofie vererger nie.
Ramoškevičiūtė, Sonata. "Ilgųjų ir trumpųjų nuotolių bėgikių širdies stuktūros ir funkcijos ypatumai". Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2007. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2007~D_20070816_145708-90290.
Pełny tekst źródłaRegular participation in certain competitive endurance sports such as cycling, rowing, paddling, and running causes moderate left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy in males. Female athletes, however, are considered to possess less pronounced structural cardiac adaptation, and the type of cardiac hypertrophy in female (endurance) athletes remains vaguely understood. The aim of this study was to shed more light on the topic of gender influence on the extent and type of cardiac hypertrophic response to two different types athletic conditioning. Raktiniai žodžiai Methods. Standard transthoracic two-dimensional M-mode and Doppler echocardiography was performed at rest in Caucasian female sprinters (n = 10) and long?distance runners (n = 10) of similar age (average 25 years, range 16 to 34 years), training experience (5 to 18 years), and competitive level, as well as in age-matched healthy female sedentary controls (n = 10), and also compared with Caucasian male endurance runners (n = 67) of similar age, training experience, and competitive level. Runners were considered endurance athletes if their favorite event was 3000 m or longer, and sprinters, if they preferred to compete in distances of 400 m or shorter (two of our sprinters were 100 m hurdlers). Results. No significant echocardiographic differences between female sprinters and sedentary controls were detected (p>0,05). Interventricular septum and LV wall (p<0,05) were thicker, and LV mass was greater (p<0,01) in female... [to full text]
Garson, Christie Nicole. "The effects of ethanolamine and magnesium on cardiac and neurological function in isoprenaline-induced myocardial infarction and cardiac hypertrophy models in adult Wistar rats Christie Nicole Garson". Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/3389.
Pełny tekst źródłaIncludes bibliographilcal references.
Myocardial infarction (MI) is a principal cause of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality that is associated with other systemic complications. In the heart, MI can result in pump dysfunction, inducing cardiac hypertrophy which may become maladaptive leading to heart failure (HF). In the brain, MI is associated with psychological disorders such as anxiety and depression. Many pharmacological agents have been identified to modulate MI and hypertrophy development.
Wagner, Kay-Dietrich. "Untersuchungen zur Myokardkontraktilität, elektrophysiologischen, biochemischen und molekularen Veränderungen bei kardialer Hypertrophie". Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Medizinische Fakultät - Universitätsklinikum Charité, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/13906.
Pełny tekst źródłaChronic ischemic heart disease and myocardial infarction are the most common causes for morbidity and mortality in industrialized countries. A survived myocardial infarction (MI) results in a long run in collateral formation and the development of cardiac hypertrophy. A variety of adaptive responses in this process had been identified. We could show that in the acute phase after Mi in rats, contraction- and relaxation rates of the myocardium are increased. The higher relaxation rate correlates to an increased expression of heat shock proteins. In the chronic phase after MI, with the development of cardiac hypertrophy, contraction and relaxation rates decrease. The decrease in the relaxation rate could be attributed to a reduced activity of the Ca- ATPase of the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SERCA2). Transgenic overexpression of renin / angiotensinogen also resulted in a reduced SERCA2 expression and, consequently, lower relaxation rate. The susceptibility of contractile function to hypoxia - reoxygenation was reduced after MI compared to sham operated control animals. The lower susceptibility to hypoxia - reoxygenation could be attributed to an increased expression of heat shock proteins, higher activities of the antioxidant enzymes glutathionperoxidase and superoxiddismutase, shifts in the isoenzyme distribution of the creatine kinase, and a reduced SERCA2 activity. Repolarization of cardiomyocyte action potentials was found to be delayed after MI. A 10-fold lower artificial stretch of the tissue after MI than after sham operation caused afterdepolarizations and extra action potentials. Higher artificial stretch caused atrial fibrillation only after MI suggesting an intensified mechano-electrical feedback mechanism after MI. Stretch- induced electrical abnormalities could be suppressed by gadolinium suggesting the involvement of stretch-activated ion channels in the electrical abnormalities. Also electrophysiological properties of cardiac fibroblasts were significantly altered after MI, which may contribute to the increased risk for arrhythmia after infarction. Furthermore, we could show that the Hif-1alpha transcription factor, which is stabilized under hypoxic conditions is capable to directly activate the Wilms'' tumor suppressor 1 (WT1) transcriptionally. This leads to an increased expression of WT1 in the heart after MI and in heart and kidneys after systemic hypoxia. After MI, WT1 is expressed mainly in coronary vessels. Co-expression of WT1 with markers of proliferation and vasculogenesis suggests a role of WT1 in neovasculogenesis. These findings contribute to our understanding of pathophysiological alterations in the development of cardiac hypertrophy after MI and may contribute to the development of new therapeutic approaches.
Elliott, Perry Mark. "Myocardial ischaemia in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy". Thesis, St George's, University of London, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.391632.
Pełny tekst źródłaPatel, Vimal. "Myocardial fibrosis in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy". Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2018. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/10046437/.
Pełny tekst źródłaFigueira, Isabel Barbara Lopes dos Santos. "Efeitos da vitamina E associada a nanopartículas lipídicas no remodelamento cardíaco, em ratos infartados". Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5131/tde-06062016-111905/.
Pełny tekst źródłaFrom a clinical point of view, the ventricular remodeling is associated with a worse prognosis. Patients already diagnosed remodeling or at high risk of developing it, should be treated intensively to prevent, attenuate or even reverse this process. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of vitamin E associated with lipid nanoparticles on cardiac remodeling in rats. Echocardiographic measurements were determined 24 hours post infarction and six weeks after treatment. Heart tissue sections were stained with Hematoxylin eosin and Picrosirius red. Two distinct regions of the left ventricle, remote to infarction, were examined: subendocardial and not subendocardial. The extent of the infarction, the diameter myocytes, collagen volume fraction and expansion index of the left ventricle were determined. On echocardiogram we observed that infarcted groups showed an increase in diastolic and systolic diameter and decreased in fractional shortening and the area variation fraction when compared to the control group. In the morphometric analysis, was observed that in infarcted animals there was an increase in the diameter myocytes, the expansion of the left ventricle and collagen volume fraction, especially in the subendocardial region, when compared to the control group. Vitamin E associated to lipid nanoparticles, showed no protective nor attenuated effects on cardiac remodeling in this experimental model
Pal, Nikhil. "Metabolomics in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and other myocardial diseases". Thesis, University of Oxford, 2015. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:6af4444d-d067-4032-b1ad-b151bd2df5a6.
Pełny tekst źródłaFliegner, Daniela. "Geschlechterunterschiede bei drucklast-induzierter Myokardhypertrophie im Mausmodell". Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät I, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/15889.
Pełny tekst źródłaDevelopment and progress of myocardial hypertrophy (MH) and the transition to heart failure (HF) differ between the sexes in humans. There is evidence that sex- related differences are mediated through sex hormones, especially the sex hormone estrogen. Effects of estrogen are mediated by two different estrogen receptors (ER): ERalpha und ERbeta. Many studies indicate a beneficial role of estrogen and particularly for ERbeta in the development of pressure overload induced MH and HF. This study investigates sex differences in the development of pathological MH and accompanying myocardial changes under the influence of ERbeta. For this purpose wildtype and estrogen receptor beta lacking (ERbeta-/-) mice were investigated. Myocardial hypertrophy was induced by using the method of transversal aortic constriction (TAC). To determine the progression of MH to HF two time points were studied, which describe the adaptive and the maladaptive response to cardiac pressure overload. The development of MH was characterized by echocardiography and hemodynamic measurements in vivo. Additionally microarrays, molecular and biochemical analyses were performed in left ventricles. We identified sex differences in the development of MH induced by chronic pressure overload. ERbeta modulated the cardiac function and the molecular response in hypertrophy associated processes like cardiac metabolism, fibrosis and apoptosis in female and male animals. ERbeta contribute to the maintenance of energy homeostasis in female mice and limits the development of maladaptive cardiac hypertrophy, fibrosis and apoptosis in female and in male mice and slows the progression to heart failure consequently down.
Harsdorf, Rüdiger von. "Untersuchungen zur Regulation von Zellwachstum und Zelltod im Herzen". Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Medizinische Fakultät - Universitätsklinikum Charité, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/13717.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe aim of the study was to elucidate mechanisms controlling death and growth of cardiomyocytes. First, a model was developed suitable to identify regulatory gene sequences in vivo. Multiple variables controlling expression of reportergene constructs injected into the heart were investigated. The results showed that injection of reportergene constructs into the heart of dogs is an appropriate model to analyse regulation of gene expression in vivo in large mammals. Using this approach reportergene constructs harboring the promoter of the ANF (atrial natriuretic factor)-gene were injected in dog hearts which were subjected to pressure overload by aortic banding. Serial mutations of the promoter region revealed an AP-1 like sequence to be of importance for the induction of this gene in pressure overload hypertrophy. In order to identify factors responsible for the cell cycle arrest of cardiomyocytes the transcription factor E2F-1 was overexpressed in isolated cardiomyocytes using adenoviral gene transfer. In cardiomyoccytes the overexpression of E2F1- was followed by apoptosis. Apoptosis was suppressed in the presence of insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) and the re-induction of DNA synthesis could be observed. Cyclin dependent inhibitors (cdi) p21CIP1 and p27KIP1 appear to play an important role in the maintenance of the cell cycle arrest in cardiomyocytes, since these factors dissappeared from cyclin complexes in the presence of IGF-I. In order to understand how apoptosis is induced in cardiomyocytes and which intracellular signalling cascades may be involved, isolated cardiomyocytes were exposed to reactive oxygen species (superoxide anion (O2-) or hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)). Both O2- and H2O2 induced apoptosis in cardiomyocytes dose-dependently. However, different intracellular signalling cascades were activated. Cytochrome C was released by H2O2, but not by O2-. Release of cytochrome c was followed by translocation of Bax from the cytosol to mitochondria where it was interacting with anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 leading to the subsequent activation of caspase-3. O2- lead to an activation of caspase-6 which was followed by the cleavage of lamin A.
Kang, Robin. "Heart frontal section and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy /". Online version of thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1850/11651.
Pełny tekst źródłaEleftheriadou, Olga. "Regulation of the PP2AC, PP4C, PP6C and alpha4 signalling axis in the myocardium : roles in calcium homeostasis and hypertrophy". Thesis, Kingston University, 2017. http://eprints.kingston.ac.uk/39280/.
Pełny tekst źródłaRiesen, Sabine C. "Studies on Myocardial Funny Channels and the Funny Current Inhibitor Ivabradine in Healthy Cats and Cats with Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy". The Ohio State University, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1281555785.
Pełny tekst źródłaClemente, Carolina Fernanda Manfredi Zambon. "Influencia da quinase de adesão focal na hipertrofia miocardica induzida por sobrecarga pressorica em camundongos". [s.n.], 2008. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/310216.
Pełny tekst źródłaTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciencias Medicas
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Resumo: Doenças do coração cursam frequentemente com hipertrofia do miocárdio. Estímulos mecânicos e neuro-humorais são sinalizadores críticos para o crescimento hipertrófico dos cardiomiócitos nos vários processos patológicos. Neste contexto, estudos indicam que a quinase de adesão focal (FAK), uma proteína tirosino-quinase que participa dos mecanismos de sinalização por integrinas, é uma mediadora importante do crescimento hipertrófico do ventrículo esquerdo (VE). Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a influência da FAK na indução da hipertrofia e na deterioração do VE induzidas por sobrecarga pressórica crônica em camundongos através de estratégia de interferência por RNA. A coarctação da aorta em camundongos induziu a hipertrofia do VE acompanhada pelo aumento da expressão e atividade da FAK no miocárdio. A infusão de siRNA específico para FAK (siRNAFAK), via veia jugular, levou ao silenciamento gênico prolongado da FAK (~70%) no VE normal e também no hipertrófico. O knockdown da FAK foi confirmado nos miócitos e fibroblastos cardíacos provenientes do VE de camundongos. O silenciamento da FAK foi acompanhado tanto da prevenção como regressão da hipertrofia do VE. A função do VE foi preservada e a taxa de sobrevivência foi maior nos camundongos tratados com siRNAFAK, apesar da persistência da sobrecarga pressórica. Estes achados foram paralelos a atenuação do crescimento hipertrófico dos cardiomiócitos e da expressão do marcador de hipertrofia ß-MHC no VE sob sobrecarga pressórica. O silenciamento da FAK também atenuou o aumento da fibrose intersticial, conteúdo de colágeno e atividade da metaloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) no VE submetido ao estímulo mecânico. Em fibroblastos extraídos de corações hipertróficos, o silenciamento da FAK foi concomitante à diminuição da expressão de MMP-2. Assim, estes dados indicam que a sinalização mediada pela FAK é necessária não apenas para o desenvolvimento, mas também para sustentar a hipertrofia em resposta a sobrecarga pressórica crônica
Abstract: Hypertrophy is a critical event in the onset of failure in chronically overloaded hearts. Mechanical stress and neurohumoral factors signaling factors have been considered the main triggering stimuli for the installation of hypertrophy in cardiac myocytes in a variety of pathological process. In this context, focal adhesion kinase (FAK), a key protein of the integrin signaling pathway, has attracted particular attention as a mediator of hypertrophy induced by increased load. This study was performed to address the influence of FAK in the pathophysiology of cardiac hypertrophy and failure induced by chronic pressure overload in mice using RNA interference methodology. Aortic constriction in mice induced left ventricle (LV) hypertrophy and increased expression and phosphorylation of FAK. Intrajugular delivery of specific small interfering RNA induced prolonged FAK silencing (~70%) in both normal and hypertrophic LVs. Studies in cardiac myocytes and fibroblasts harvested from LVs confirmed the ability of the systemically administered specific small interfering RNA to silence FAK in both cell types. Myocardial FAK silencing was accompanied by prevention, as well as reversal, of load-induced left ventricular hypertrophy. The function of LVs was preserved and the survival rate was higher in banded mice treated with small interfering RNA targeted to FAK, despite the persistent pressure overload. Further analysis indicated attenuation of cardiac myocyte hypertrophic growth and of the rise in the expression of ß-myosin heavy chain in overloaded LVs. Moreover, FAK silencing was demonstrated to attenuate the rise in the fibrosis, collagen content, and activity of matrix metalloproteinase-2 in overloaded LVs, as well as the rise of matrix metalloproteinase-2 protein expression in fibroblasts harvested from overloaded LVs. This study indicate that FAK is necessary not only to the development but also to sustain LV hypertrophy in response to chronic pressure overload
Doutorado
Medicina Experimental
Doutor em Fisiopatologia Medica
Uys, Gerrida Mathilda. "Investigations of the role of myomegalin in the phosphorylation of cardiac myosin binding protein C". Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/5460.
Pełny tekst źródłaBibliography
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is the most common inherited cardiac muscle disorder worldwide. The disease is characterized by extreme variability in the amount of hypertrophy that develops in different patients in response to sarcomeric protein-encoding gene mutations. The underlying defect in HCM is altered contractility of the sarcomere, primarily due to a defective sarcomere. Although numerous disease-causing genes have been identified for HCM, the factors that modify the amount of hypertrophy that develops in a given person are still unknown, it can be hypothesized that molecules that affect contractility can act as modifiers of the hypertrophic signal, and therefore influence the development of hypertrophy. Cardiac contractility is regulated by dynamic phosphorylation of proteins within the sarcomere by kinases such as cAMP-activated protein kinase A (PKA). Because speed and energy efficiency of cardiac muscle contraction has to be regulated in order to match the body’s needs, PKA is anchored close to its targets by A-kinase anchoring proteins (AKAPs) to enable spatio-temporal control of phosphorylation. Cardiac myosin binding protein-C (cMyBPC) and cardiac troponin I (cTNI) are HCM-causing sarcomeric proteins which regulate contractility in response to PKA phosphorylation. In a previous study, our laboratory identified a phosphodiesterase 4D-interacting protein as ligand of the N-terminal of cMyBPC via a yeast-two-hybrid (Y2H) cardiac library screen. This protein is also known in the literature as myomegalin (MMGL) isoform 4. Because phosphodiesterases and PKA are sometimes anchored by the same anchoring protein (AKAP), we hypothesized that MMGL isoform 4 acts as an AKAP by anchoring PKA to the phosphorylatable N-terminal of cMyBPC, and tested this by direct protein-protein interaction analyses in a yeast-based system. The MMGL cDNA was cloned into a bait vector, which was directly assessed for interaction with two distinct PKA regulatory-subunit preys. We further investigated the function of MMGL itself by using the Y2H bait to screen a cardiac cDNA library for novel MMGL interactors. All the prey clones identified via these Y2H analyses were subsequently sequenced to determine their identity. Based on their identities and subcellular localization, all putative Y2H MMGL-prey interactions were further assessed by additional, separate biochemical techniques viz. in vivo co-immunoprecipitation and in vivo 3D co-localization. The interactions between MMGL and its known PKA-phosphorylatable sarcomeric ligands were also investigated under conditions of β-adrenergic stress, by quantitatively measuring levels of co-localization before and upon addition of the β-adrenergic agonist isoproterenol. Furthermore, in order to evaluate the role of MMGL in cMyBPC phosphorylation, we assessed the expression of the different phosphorylation isoforms of cMyBPC, with and without β-adrenergic stimulation, in the context of siRNA-mediated MMGL knockdown. We further hypothesized that MMGL and PKA may serve as modifiers of the hypertrophic phenotype. This was tested by conducting a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotyping study of the genes encoding MMGL and the regulatory subunits of PKA viz. PDE4DIP, PRKAR1A and PRKAR2A, respectively, and comparing genotypic data with clinical phenotypic traits in a family-based association study. A panel of 353 individuals, including genetically and clinically affected as well as unaffected HCM individuals, was identified. All these individuals were screened for the presence or absence of all three South African HCM founder mutations, and blood was collected and DNA extracted. Genotypes at multiple SNPs in each gene were determined by subjecting the DNA samples to TaqMan® allelic discrimination technology. Statistical analysis using quantitative transmission disequilibrium testing (QTDT) was done in order to establish whether the difference in genotype in these three genes might have an effect on HCM phenotype. Our results showed that MMGL interacted with both PKA regulatory subunits as well as with other cardiac proteins that are PKA targets, including the sarcomeric protein cTNI. It was confirmed that two regulatory subunits of PKA (PRKAR1A and PRKAR2A), cardiac ankyrin repeat protein (CARP), copper metabolism gene MURR1 domain 4 (COMMD4), α-enolase (ENO1), β-enolase (ENO3) and cTNI are novel interactors of MMGL. In order to classify a protein as an AKAP, interaction with one of PKA’s regulatory subunits are prerequisite; MMGL showed interaction with both, confirming our hypothesis of MMGL being an AKAP, moreover, classifying it as a novel dual-specific sarcomeric AKAP. The identities of the AKAPs involved in the phosphorylation of cMyBPC and cTNI had been unknown; our results indicate that MMGL is the AKAP involved in the phosphorylation of both these PKA targets. We also showed that quantitatively more interaction occurs between MMGL and its sarcomeric ligands cMyBPC and cTNI under β-adrenergic stress. This implicates that under elevated cAMP levels, PKA is dynamically recruited by MMGL to the PKA targets cMyBPC and cTNI, presumably to mediate cardiac stress responses and leading to increased cardiac contractility. Furthermore, siRNA-mediated knockdown of MMGL lead to a reduction of cMyBPC levels under conditions of β-adrenergic stress, indicating that MMGL-assisted phosphorylation is requisite for protection of cMyBPC against proteolytic cleavage. The SNP modifier study indicated that one variant in PDE4DIP (rs1664005) showed strong association with numerous clinical hypertrophy traits, including maximal interventricular septum thickness, as well as a number of other composite score traits. Two variants in PRKAR1A (rs11651687 and rs3785906) also showed strong association with some of these clinical hypertrophy traits. These results therefore suggest that variants in these two genes may act as modifiers of the HCM phenotype. In conclusion, this study ascribes a novel function to MMGL isoform 4: it meets all criteria for classification as an AKAP and appears to be involved in the phosphorylation of cMyBPC as well as cTNI; hence MMGL is likely to be an important component in the regulation of cardiac contractility, and by extension, in the development of hypertrophy. This has further implications for understanding the patho-aetiology of mutations in cMyBPC and cTNI, and raises the question of whether MMGL might itself be considered a candidate HCM-causing factor.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hipertrofiese kardiomiopatie (HKM) is die mees algemeenste oorerflike hartspier siekte wêreldwyd. Die siekte word gekenmerk deur die uiterste variasie in die hoeveelheid hipertrofie wat in verskillende pasiënte ontwikkel as gevolg van sarkomeriese proteïen-koderende mutasies. Die onderliggende gebrek in HKM is geaffekteerde kontraktiliteit van die sarkomeer, hoofsaaklik as gevolg van ‘n gebrekkige sarkomeer. Alhoewel daar verskeie siekte-veroorsakende gene vir HKM geïdentifiseer is, bly die faktore wat die hoeveelheid hipertrofie in ‘n gegewe persoon modifiseer, onbekend. Daar kan dus gehipotiseer word dat molekules wat kontraktiliteit beïnvloed as modifiseerders van die hipertrofiese sein kan optree, en dus die ontwikkeling van hipertrofie beïnvloed. Hartspier kontraktiliteit word gereguleer deur die dinamiese fosforilasie van proteïene binne die sarkomeer deur kinases soos bv. cAMP-geaktiveerde proteïen kinase A (PKA). Die spoed en energie doeltreffendheid van hartspier kontraksie moet gereguleer word om by die liggaam se behoeftes aan te pas; dus word PKA naby sy teikens deur A-kinase anker proteïene (AKAPs) geanker om sodoende die beheer van fosforilasie beide in die korrekte area sowel as tydsduur te reguleer. Kardiale miosien-bindingsproteïen C (cMyBPC), asook kardiale troponien I (cTNI), is beide HKM-veroorsakende sarkomeriese proteïene wat kontraktiliteit beheer deur middel van fosforilasie deur PKA. In ‘n vorige studie in ons laboratorium is ‘n fosfodiesterase 4D-interaksie proteïen as bindingsgenoot van die N-terminaal van cMyBPC geïdentifiseer deur middel van ‘n gis-twee-hibried (G2H) kardiale biblioteek sifting. In die literatuur staan dié proteïen ook bekend as miomegalin (MMGL) isovorm 4. Fosfodiesterases en PKA word soms deur dieselfde anker proteïen (AKAP) geanker, dus het ons hipotiseer dat MMGL isovorm 4 ook as AKAP kan optree deur PKA aan die fosforileerbare N-terminaal van cMyBPC te anker. Die hipotese is getoets deur middel van direkte proteïen-proteïen interaksie analises in ‘n gis-gebaseerde sisteem. Die MMGL cDNA was in ‘n jag-plasmied gekloneer, wat toe direk ge-evalueer is vir interaksie met twee verskillende PKA regulatoriese-subeenheid prooi-plasmiede. Die funksie van MMGL self is verder ondersoek deur die G2H jag-plasmied te gebruik om ‘n kardiale cDNA biblioteek te sif, sodoende om nuwe MMGL bindingsgenote te identifiseer. Alle prooi klone wat deur dié G2H analises geïdentifiseer is, was daarna onderworpe aan DNA-volgorde bepaling om hul identiteit vas te stel. Afhangende van hul identiteite en subsellulêre lokalisering, is alle moontlike G2H MMGL-prooi interaksies verder ge-evalueer deur bykomende, afsonderlike biochemiese tegnieke viz. in vivo ko-immunopresipitasie asook in vivo 3D ko-lokalisering. Die interaksie tussen MMGL en sy bekende PKA-gefosforileerde sarkomeriese bindingsgenote was ook ondersoek onder kondisies van β-adrenergiese stres, deur kwantitatief die vlakke van ko-lokalisering te meet voor en na byvoeging van die β-adrenergiese agonis isoproterenol. Om verder die rol van MMGL in cMyBPC fosforilasie te ondersoek, het ons die uitdrukking van die verskillende fosforilasie isovorms van cMyBPC, met en sonder β-adrenergiese stimulasie, in die konteks van siRNA-bemiddelde MMGL uitklop, bepaal. Ons het verder hipotiseer dat MMGL en PKA as modifiseerders van die hipertrofiese fenotipe mag dien. Dit is getoets deur ‘n enkel nukleotied polimorfisme (SNP) genotiperings studie van die gene wat kodeer vir MMGL en die regulatoriese subeenhede van PKA, viz. PDE4DIP, PRKAR1A en PRKAR2A, en daarna dié genotipiese data met kliniese fenotipiese data te vergelyk in ‘n familie-gebaseerde assosiasie studie. ‘n Paneel van 353 individue wat genetiese en klinies geaffekteerde, sowel as ongeaffekteerde HKM individue insluit, was geidentifiseerd. Alle individue was ondersoek vir die aanwesigheid of afwesigheid van al drie Suid-Afrikaanse HKM stigter mutasies; bloedmonsters is gekollekteer en DNA uitgetrek. Die genotipes van veelvoudige SNPs in elke geen was bepaal deur die DNA monsters aan TaqMan® alleliese diskriminasie tegnologie met behulp van die ABI TaqMan® Validated SNP Genotyping Assays sisteem te analiseer. Statistiese analises deur middel van kwantitatiewe transmissie disekwilibrium toetse (QTDT) was gedoen om te bepaal of die verskil in genotipe in hierdie drie gene ‘n effek op HKM fenotipe het. Ons resultate het gewys dat MMGL interaksie toon met beide PKA regulatoriese subeenhede, sowel as met ander kardiale proteïene wat ook PKA teikens is, insluitende die sarkomeriese proteïen cTNI. Dit is bevestig dat die twee regulatoriese subeenhede van PKA (PRKAR1A en PRKAR2A), kardiale ankyrin herhaal proteïen (CARP), koper metabolisme geen MURR1 domein 4 (COMMD4), α-enolase (ENO1), β-enolase (ENO3) en cTNI almal nuwe bindingsgenote van MMGL is. ‘n Proteïen moet interaksie met een van die regulatoriese subeenhede van PKA toon om as AKAP geklassifiseer te word; MMGL het interaksie met beide getoon, wat ons hipotese bevestig dat MMGL ‘n AKAP is, asook dat MMGL as ‘n nuwe dubbel-spesifieke sarkomeriese AKAP geklassifiseer kan word. Die identiteite van die AKAPs wat betrokke is in die fosforilasie van cMyBPC en cTNI was onbekend tot nou; ons resultate wys dat MMGL die AKAP is wat betrokke is in die fosforilasie van beide hierdie PKA teikens. Ons wys ook dat daar kwantitatief meer interaksie plaasvind tussen MMGL en sy sarkomeriese bindingsgenote cMyBPC en cTNI onder kondisies van β-adrenergiese stres. Dit impliseer dat PKA dinamies verwerf word deur MMGL, onder verhoogde vlakke van cAMP, tot by die PKA teikens cMyBPC en cTNI, moontlik om kardiale stres-response te bemiddel en dus te lei na verhoogde spierkontraksie. Verder het siRNA-bemiddelde uitklop van MMGL gelei na ‘n vermindering van cMyBPC vlakke onder kondisies van β-adrenergiese stres. Dit dui aan dat fosforilasie deur middel van MMGL-bystand ‘n voorvereiste is vir beskerming van cMyBPC teen proteolise. Die SNP modifiseerder studie het gewys dat een variant in PDE4DIP (rs1664005) sterk assosiasie toon met verskeie kliniese hipertrofie kenmerke, insluitende maksimale interventrikulêre septum diktheid, sowel as ander van die saamgestelde telling kenmerke. Twee variante in PRKAR1A (rs11651687 en rs3785906) het ook sterk assosiasie getoon met verskeie van die kliniese hipertropfie kenmerke. Hierdie resultate dui dus daarop dat variante in hierdie twee gene as modifiseerders van die HKM fenotipe mag optree. In samevatting skryf hierdie studie ‘n nuwe funksie aan MMGL isovorm 4 toe: dit voldoen aan alle vereistes om as AKAP geklassifiseer te word en dit blyk of dit betrokke is in die fosforilasie van cMyBPC en cTNI; dus is MMGL waarskynlik ‘n belangrike komponent in die regulasie van hartspier sametrekking, en dus met uitbreiding, in die ontwikkeling van hipertrofie. Dit hou verdere implikasies in om die siekte-oorsaak van mutasies in cMyBPC en cTNI te verstaan, en stel die vraag of MMGL self as ‘n kandidaat HKM-veroorsakende geen kan beskou word.
Medical Research Council
University of Stellenbosch
Prof Paul van Helden
Hakalahti, A. (Anna). "Human β1-adrenergic receptor:biosynthesis, processing and the carboxyl-terminal polymorphism". Doctoral thesis, Oulun yliopisto, 2011. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9789514295263.
Pełny tekst źródłaTiivistelmä β1-adrenerginen reseptori (β1AR) kuuluu laajaan G-proteiineihin kytkettyjen reseptorien perheeseen. β1AR on tärkeässä asemassa sympaattisen hermoston toiminnassa. Sydämessä β1AR on vallitseva adrenerginen reseptori, ja sydänlihaksen supistusvireys sekä -taajuus voimistuvat β1AR:n aktivaation kautta. Siten se edustaa sydän- ja verisuonisairauksissa käytettävien β-salpaajien tärkeintä kohdereseptoria. β1AR:n luontaisia agonisteja ovat lisämunuaisytimestä ja hermopäätteistä vapautuvat adrenaliini ja noradrenaliini. Sydänlihaksen lisäksi β1AR:a ilmennetään myös aivoissa, jossa reseptorilla on keskeinen asema muistin ja synaptisen muovautuvuuden kannalta. Ihmisen β1AR (hβ1AR) sisältää kaksi polymorfismia, joista toinen (Arg389Gly8.56) sijaitsee reseptorin karboksyyli- (C-) terminaalissa solulimassa. Tällä polymorfismilla on havaittu olevan toiminnallista merkitystä. Vaikka hβ1AR:n kliininen merkitys on huomattava, sen biosynteesistä ja translaationjälkeisestä muokkauksesta ei ole tähän mennessä ollut juurikaan tutkimustietoa. Tämän väitöskirjatyön tavoite oli kuvata näitä tapahtumia ja erityisesti keskittyä hβ1AR:n solunulkoisen amino- (N-) terminaalin rajoitettuun proteolyysiin. Lisäksi haluttiin tutkia, onko β-adrenergisillä ligandeilla vaikutusta reseptorin prosessointiin. Tutkimuksen kliinisessä osiossa kartoitettiin C-terminaalisen polymorfian yhteyttä valikoituihin muuttujiin aineistossa, joka koostui akuutin sydäninfarktin (AMI) sairastaneista potilaista. hβ1AR:n biosynteesin havaittiin olevan tehokas ja nopea heterologisessa systeemissä. Kypsän reseptorin N-terminaalissa havaittiin useita O-kytkennäisiä ja yksi N-kytkennäinen glykaani. Glykosyloinnista huolimatta N-terminaali pilkkoutui solun pinnalla, mikä tuotti kaksi solukalvolla sijaitsevaa, C-terminaalista reseptoripalasta. Pilkkoutumista, joka havaittiin myös in vivo, katalysoi metalloproteinaasi. Reseptorin aktivaatio kiihdytti pilkkoutumista, joka siten todennäköisesti edustaa uudenlaista hβ1AR:n säätelymekanismia. Ligandit, jotka kiihdyttivät pilkkoutumista, toisaalta stabiloivat solunsisäisiä hβ1AR:n epäkypsiä muotoja toimien luultavasti ns. farmakologisina kaperoneina. Näin ollen väitöskirjatyö osoittaa, että β-adrenergisillä ligandeilla voi olla erilaisia säätelyvaikutuksia eri hβ1AR-muotoihin. Kliinisessä tutkimuksessa Arg3898.56-homotsygooteilla potilailla havaittiin merkittävästi suurentunut vasemman kammion massaindeksi Gly3898.56-kantajiin verrattuina, mikä puoltaa Arg3898.56-polymorfismin ja vasemman kammion hypertrofian (LVH) välistä yhteyttä. Kun euglykeemisiä potilaita ja diabeetikkoja tutkittiin erikseen, yhteys ilmeni vain euglykeemisessä ryhmässä. Diabetes on riskitekijä, joka vaikuttaa LVH:n kehittymiseen. Tässä tutkimuksessa diabeteksellä havaittiin olevan voimakkaampi vaikutus LVH:n kehittymiseen Arg3898.56 -polymorfismiin verrattuna
Jaleel, Naser. "Re-Expression of T-Type Calcium Channels Minimally Affects Cardiac Contractility and Activates Pro-Survival Signaling Pathways in the Myocardium". Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2010. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/83093.
Pełny tekst źródłaPh.D.
The role of T-type calcium channels (TTCCs) in the heart is unclear. TTCCs are transiently expressed throughout the neonatal heart during a period of rapid cardiac development. A few weeks postnatally, TTCCs are no longer found in ventricular myocytes (VMs) and calcium influx via TTCCs (ICa,T) is only detected in the SA node and Purkinje system. However, pathologic cardiac stress is associated with re-expression of TTCCs in VMs. Whether ICa,T in this setting promotes cardiac growth or exacerbates cardiac function is a topic of debate. The focus of this thesis work was to examine the effect of TTCC re-expression in the normal and diseased myocardium. Our experiments were performed in a transgenic mouse model with inducible, cardiac-specific expression of α1G TTCCs. While both the α1G and α1H TTCC subtypes re-appear during cardiac disease, we specifically evaluated the effects of α1G TTCCs since mRNA levels of this TTCC subtype are markedly elevated during cardiac pathology. We found that transgenic mice with α1G overexpression had robust ICa,T with biophysical properties similar to those published in previous studies. α1G mice had a small increase in cardiac function and showed no evidence of cardiac histopathology or increased mortality. These findings were in contrast to the phenotype of transgenic mice with augmented L-type calcium channel (LTCC) activity secondary to overexpression of the β2a regulatory subunit. While the magnitude of calcium influx in α1G and β2a VMs was similar, we found that cardiac contractility of β2a mice was significantly greater than α1G mice. Also, β2a mice had significant cardiac fibrosis, myocyte death, and premature lethality compared to the benign phenotype of α1G mice. We showed that the phenotypic differences are likely related to the differential spatial localization of T- and LTCCs. Whereas α1G TTCCs were principally localized to the surface sarcolemma, LTCCs were primarily found in the transverse tubules in close proximity to the sites of sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium release. We evaluated the effect of TTCC expression during cardiac disease by inducing myocardial infarction (MI) in α1G mice. Acutely (1-week post MI), α1G mice showed similar worsening of cardiac function and mortality rates compared to control post-infarct mice. However, α1G hearts had smaller infarct sizes which correlated with increased Akt and NFAT activation in α1G than control hearts. After chronic heart failure, i.e. 7- weeks post-infarction, α1G hearts had significant hypertrophic response as determined by increased HW/BW ratio, myocyte cross-sectional area, as well as NFAT and Akt activity. Finally, α1G mice had a small survival benefit than control mice, which while statistically non-significant, suggests that TTCC re-expression does not exacerbate cardiac function as hypothesized by some investigators. We conclude that TTCCs play a minimal role in cardiac function and activate pro-survival signaling pathways in the myocardium.
Temple University--Theses
Ball, Warren Todd. "Expression of IGF-I and TGF[beta]-1 in cultured human myocardium insights into the role of growth factors in hypertrophic obstructive cariomyopathy". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape11/PQDD_0007/MQ40798.pdf.
Pełny tekst źródłaRonconi, Júlio César. ""Estudo comparativo de diferentes métodos eletrocardiográficos de diagnóstico de hipertrofia ventricular esquerda e sua associação com característica anatômicas e histológicas do coração"". Universidade de São Paulo, 2005. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5131/tde-15082005-112957/.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) is an important cardiovascular risk factor. The purpose of the present retrospective paper is to examine the association of LVH electrocardiographic criteria with both anatomical and histological characteristics of the heart on 51 patients submitted to the necropsy. The study carried out the measurement of the transverse diameter of cardiomyocytes, as well as the percentage of fibrosis at both left and right ventriculi. Among those patients who presented anatomic LVH, the Romhilt criterium resulted positive in 92.3% of the cases, thus surpassing the other criteria evaluated, with specificity and sensibility up to 89.5% and 68.8% respectively. This was the only criterium associated to both anatomic and histological characteristics of the heart
Shiozaki, Afonso Akio. "Avaliação da fibrose miocárdica pela ressonância magnética e tomografia computadorizada com múltiplos detectores na cardiomiopatia hipertrófica". Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5131/tde-27102011-170125/.
Pełny tekst źródłaHypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a genetic cardiac disorder leading cause of sudden death in young people with extremely variable presentation, from asymptomatic to sudden death as first symptom, leads to challenging risk stratification. Recently, both cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) and multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) were able to assess myocardial fibrosis (MF) often found in cases of HCM. Our objectives were to evaluate the distribution and correlation of myocardial hypertrophy (MH) and myocardial fibrosis by CMR in patients with HCM; to compare and validate the assessment of myocardial fibrosis by MDCT and CMR and to evaluate the correlation between myocardial fibrosis by MDCT and ventricular arrhythmias appropriately treated by defibrillators, due to contraindications to CMR in this group. 145 HCM patients were selected with 13 having exclusion criteria. Then 132 outpatients were included and signed informed consent for this study. First, 91 patients were submitted to CMR to evaluate the morphofunctional characteristics of the heart including myocardial fibrosis; Second, 15 patients were submitted to both MDCT and CMR in order to evaluate myocardial fibrosis by both methods, and finally 26 HCM patients with implantable cardiac defibrillator (ICD) were submitted to MDCT, for assessment MF. Among 91 patients submitted to CMR the mean age was 37.9 ± 17 years old, and 58% were men. The LV maximum end diastolic wall thickness was 24.2 ± 6.3mm and LVEF mean was 73.3% ± 13.3. MF was evident in 76.9% of patients with a mean fibrosis mass index of 8.1±11.0g/m2. Of all the 1547 myocardial segments from 91 HCM patient, 35.2% of segments with MF occurred in segments without MH, 58.6% of MH segments had no signs of MF. Linear regression showed no significant correlation between number of segments with MH and MF (r = 0.13, p = 0.21). A per patient Kappa analysis showed no significant agreement (Kappa0.40, p ns) between MH and MF in 65.8% of the population and the remaining 34.2% of this population showed a significant agreement between MH and MF (kappa > 0.40, p < 0.001). The analysis of MF% in the group of 15 HCM patients submitted by both MDCT and MR showed a good correlation by linear regression between the two methods with r = 0.77 and p = 0.0001 with mean difference of 0.99g. The MF analysis by TCMD in 26 HCM patients with ICD, clinically indicated, for at least one year demonstrated that MF was present in 96.1% of patients with a mean fibrosis mass of 20.5±15.8g. During the mean follow-up of 38.5±25.5 months, 50% of these patients present appropriated shocks due to ventricular fibrillation in most of cases (12/13 registered events). Patients with appropriate ICD shocks had significantly greater MF mass than those without (29.10±19.13g vs 13.57±8.31g, p=0.01). The best MF mass cut off was 18g, with an accuracy of 0.75 for predicting ICD firing. Patients with MF mass 18g had a significantly higher event rate in the follow up (p=0.02). MF mass was independently associated with ventricular tachycardia/fibrillation on ICD-stored electrograms by multivariate analysis. We conclude that the presentation of myocardial hypertrophy and fibrosis areas is heterogeneous and the correlation between MH and MF is variable and non significant in the most of the patients in CMR images. The validation data of MF techniques showed that in cases where CMR can not be used, MDCT may be a good alternative to assessment of fibrosis. The MF analysis in HCM patients with ICD showed a significant and independent association between MF extent and VF / VT appropriated therapy by ICDs
Melo, Silvia Elaine de Sousa Ferreira Carvalho de. "Efeitos cardiovasculares do citrato de sildenafil na miocardiopatia hipertensiva induzida pela inibição da sintese de oxido nitrico em ratos". [s.n.], 2005. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/309584.
Pełny tekst źródłaTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciencias Medicas
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Resumo: O óxido nítrico (NO) é um mediador biológico multifuncional que serve como molécula chave em muitos processos fisiopatológicos, sintetizado nas células endoteliais em resposta a estímulos fisiológicos ou patológicos. Sua síntese se dá a partir da clivagem do terminal nitrogênio-guanidina do aminoácido L-arginina, em uma reação catalizada pela enzima óxido nítrico sintase (NOS). Há três isoformas de NOS: a NOS endotelial (eNOS), a NOS neuronal (nNOS) e a NOS induzível (iNOS). A eNOS e a nNOS são isoformas expressas constitutivamente nas células endoteliais vasculares e nas células neuronais, respectivamente; e a iNOS que a forma induzível, expressa em células inflamatórias após a indução por citocinas e outros mediadores inflamatórios. Após sua síntese o NO se difunde para as células do músculo liso vascular ativando a enzima guanilato ciclase solúvel (GCs), que converte guanosina-tri-fostato (GTP) em guanosina-3¿,5¿-monofosfato cíclica (GMPc), um segundo mensageiro para seus diversos efeitos biológicos, dentre os quais o relaxamento da musculatura lisa vascular. A síntese de NO pode ser inibida por vários compostos análogos à L-arginina, como L-NMMA, L-NAA, L-NAME e L-NIO de forma dose-dependente. A inibição crônica da síntese de óxido nítrico pela administração crônica de L-NAME é um modelo complexo e bem estabelecido de hipertensão arterial e miocardiopatia hipertensiva. É caracterizado por elevação da pressão arterial (PA) de forma severa, redução na freqüência cardíaca, no fluxo coronário e débito cardíaco (DC), aumento da resistência vascular periférica total (RVPT), diminuição do relaxamento vascular e alterações na contratilidade cardíaca, hipertrofia cardíaca, aumento do tamanho cardiomiócito, remodelamento miocárdico e microvascular com fibrose perivascular, sendo que o índice peso cardíaco/peso corporal e peso ventricular esquerdo/peso corporal estão usualmente aumentados. As fosfodiesterases são enzimas que degradam os nucleotídeos cíclicos GMPc e AMPc nas suas formas inativas. São conhecidas 11 famílias de enzimas (PDE1 ¿ PDE11) que diferem com relação ao padrão distribuição, especificidade de substrato, regulação pelas PKs e proteínas ligantes. Estão envolvidas em diversos processos fisiológicos e patológicos, tais como ereção peniana, asma, hipertensão pulmonar, aterosclerose, insuficiência cardíaca e diabetes. Consequentemente, os inibidores seletivos de PDE são interessantes e promissores alvos farmacológicos. Os inibidores das PDEs inpedem a degradação do AMPc, GMPc, elevando seus níveis intracelulares. Esses inibidores mimetizam as estruturas do AMPc e GMPc, mas não são degradados. Sildenafil é um inibidor seletivo da PDE5 induzindo o e relaxamento do músculo vascular liso e têm sido utilizados com sucesso no tratamento da disfunção erétil. A base racional para este projeto é a hipótese de que o sildenafil, por inibir de forma seletiva a PDE5 e conseqüentemente aumentar a disponibilidade de GMPc, possa ter efeitos cardiovasculares benéficos na inibição crônica da síntese de NO que reduz os níveis de GMPc no músculo cardíaco e vascular. Para isso foram estudados 4 grupos experimentais divididos aleatoriamente em: CONTROLE, L-NAME, SILDENAFIL e SILDENAFIL + L-NAME, durante 8 semanas de tratamento. Analisamos as alterações hemodinâmicas através das medidas da pressão arterial média, débito cardíaco, freqüência cardíaca e resistência vascular. As análises histológicas foram feitas através de técnicas morfométricas para determinação do diâmetro de miócito, lesões miocárdicas e espessura da camada média vascular e análises imunohistológicas. Nossos resultados demonstraram que a administração crônica de sildenafil altera os padrões hemodinâmicos e histolólgicos do modelo de miocardiopatia hipertensiva induzida pela inibição da síntese de NO por L-NAME. A inibição da PDE5 restaurou parcialmente os padrões hemodinâmicos, avaliados através da PA, DC e RVPT, além de protege parcialmente o miocárdio e músculo vascular liso contra as lesões e remodelamento cardiovascular característicos deste modelo experimental. A biodisponibilidade de GMPc, nos animais do grupo L-NAME + sildenafil, foi totalmente restaurada após 8 semanas de tratamento e a expressão das enzimas PDE3 e PDE5 estavam modificadas no músculo vascular liso e nos discos intercalares dos miócitos. Dessa forma, concluimos que o sildenafil, através da inibição da PDE5, aumentando a biodisponibilidade do GMPc, resulta em um efeito cardioprotetor e antiproliferativo contra as alterações cardiovasculares descritas no modelo de miocardiopatia hipertensiva induzida pela inibição crônica da síntese de NO em ratos Wistar
Abstract: Many of the physiological responses to nitric oxide (NO) are mediated by cyclic 5'-guanosine monophosphate (cGMP), the intracellular levels of which are regulated by phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5). In situations of reduced NO formation, the inhibition of PDE5 by selective inhibitors such as sildenafil could be beneficial in restoring physiological functions by enhancing the intracellular levels of cGMP. In this study, we evaluated the effects of sildenafil on the hemodynamic and histological alterations induced by the chronic treatment of rats with Nw¿nitro-L¿arginine¿methyl ester (L-NAME). After 8 weeks of concomitant treatment with sildenafil and L-NAME, arterial blood pressure was significantly lower (P<0.05) than in L-NAME treated rats. The fall in blood pressure was associated with a slight reduction in the total peripheral vascular resistance (P<0.05). Sildenafil partially restored the decrease in cardiac output seen in L-NAME-treated rats. Morphologically, sildenafil reduced the total area of the myocardial lesions and attenuated the cardiomyocyte and vascular smooth muscle remodeling seen with L-NAME. These results show that sildenafil reversed the deleterious hemodynamic and morphological alterations associated with L-NAME-induced hypertension. This beneficial effect was probably mediated by an increase in cardiac and vascular cGMP levels as reflected in circulating plasma cGMP levels
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Doutor em Farmacologia
Grandperrin, Antoine. "Entraînement en musculation et remodelage myocardique : Influence du sexe, du niveau de pratique et de la prise régulière de stéroïdes anabolisants Myocardial adaptations after 16 weeks of high-intensity strength training in men and women Androgenic anabolic steroids induce left atrial and left ventricular remodeling and dysfunction in strength athletes Left ventricular dyssynchrony and post-systolic shortenings in young bodybuilders using anabolic-androgenic steroids Myocardial work in athletes using anabolic androgenic steroids and athletes with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy". Thesis, Avignon, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020AVIG0717.
Pełny tekst źródłaStrength training is increasingly practiced by previously untrained people or by experienced athletes. This work aimed to evaluate cardiac adaptations to strength training over these different populations. In a first time, we evaluated the longitudinal impact of 16-weeks strength training on the cardiac function of previously untrained women and men. The American College of Sports Medicine recommendations were used to build the training program (i.e. training at 70% of the repetition maximum, 4 sets, 8-12 repetitions, 3 times a week with polyarticular exercices). 2D-strain echocardiography was used to assess both left ventricular and atrial morphology and function. In a second time, we aimed to evaluate the cardiac function of strength-trained athletes, which used androgenic anabolic steroids. While previous studies reported an alteration of cardiac function in this population, with sudden-death frequently reported, any study used 2D-strain parameters to understand the dysfunctions. In this context, we used 2D-strain analysis to evaluate global and regional myocardial function in order to evaluate the underlying mechanisms of left ventricular and left atrial functions, with a specific evaluation of intra-ventricular dyssynchrony. Finally, we aimed to compare our athletes using androgenic anabolic steroids users to athletes with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy to assess the probably pathological remodelling generates by anabolic androgenic steroids. In this study, we evaluate myocardial work, a new tool in echocardiography, which take into account load conditions and could better discriminate our populations
Calamaras, Timothy Dean. "Role of oxidative modifications of LKB1 in promoting myocardial hypertrophy". Thesis, 2014. https://hdl.handle.net/2144/14687.
Pełny tekst źródłaTata, Nazneen. "Molecular chronobiology of myocardial hypertrophy and the chronotherapeutic effects of captopril". 2006. http://link.library.utoronto.ca/eir/EIRdetail.cfm?Resources__ID=450655&T=F.
Pełny tekst źródłaHu, Wei-Syun, i 胡幃勛. "The roles of gelsolin in myocardial hypertrophy and hypoxia-induced apoptosis". Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/p29794.
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