Gotowa bibliografia na temat „Mykolai͡a (Krekhiv, Ukraine)”

The article traces the origins of the formation of Ukrainian «lexicon of humility» in Old Ukrainian biblical monuments of the 16th century. It explores the use of Church Slavonic смиренїє / смѣренїє «humility» and смирен(н)ыи / смѣренъ «humble» vis-à-vis покора «meekness» and покорныи «meek» of the «prosta mova» for the denotion of humility in the Peresopnytsia Gospel (1556–1561) and the Krekhiv Apostle (second half of the 16th century) as compared to the vocabulary use in the Ostroh Bible (1581), the Lviv Apostle (1574) and modern Ukrainian Bible translations. Bible translations of the early modern Ukraine, written in the Old Ukrainian «prosta mova», demonstrate two concurrent tendencies in the rendition of the «lexicon of humility»: following the Church Slavonic tradition (the Peresopnytsia Gospel) and employing Old Ukrainian words of «prosta mova» (the Krekhiv Apostle). While modern Bible translations tend to take into consideration the contextual meanings of the Greek words for humility and to render them with various lexical means of the Ukrainian language, this is not typical of the Church Slavonic biblical monuments of the 16th century, but is partially traceable in the Krekhiv Apostle. Obviously, the use of derivatives from смиренний and покірний in modern Ukrainian language is rooted in the religious monuments of the 16th and 17th centuries, written in «prosta mova», which signifies their considerable influence upon the formation of modern Ukrainian ethical lexicon. Modern Bible translations mostly render the positive meaning of ταπεινοφροσύνη / ταπείνωσις and ταπεινός with the words покора / покірливість «meekness» and покірний / покірливий «meek», replacing the words of Church Slavonic origin смирення «humility» and смиренний «humble». The same tendency can be observed in the Krekhiv Apostle and the 17th century Didactic Gospels, which consistently use покора and покорныи. Modern Bible translations usually render the negatively connotated words for humility (conveying humiliation, oppression, destitution, etc.) with the derivatives from принижувати «humiliate», понижувати «lower», зневажати «despise», впокорювати «submit», quite similarly to the Krekhiv Apostle and Didactic Gospels, which employ the verbs унижити «humiliate», понижати «lower»and упокорити / упокоритися «submit / be submitted» in this function.

Today, a dominant trend in factory construction is to account for the eco-economic aspects of their further operations. It requires sustainable technological solutions, with regard for structural specificities or for production technology used. At the same time, the buildings shall be architecturally attractive and distinct. In the paper, the author considered architectural, technological, structural, ecological, and economic factors for construction of wood-processing and furniture-making facilities. The author analyzed the actual Project Design to build the type of facility in Krekhiv village, Zhovkva district, Lviv region (western Ukraine) as commissioned by a well-known French company (the author have been engaged in the design). The study focused on a wood-processing Woodman company designed for the midtech production of edge glued panels and furniture. According to the design documentation by types of products planned, the Project Design provided for the following production units: unit for wood-sawing and drying; unit for mechanical processing of wood, production of edge glued panels and furniture; unit for mechanical repairs; and an administrative and services unit. The anticipated annual production capacity is: for edge glued panels – 600 m³ a year, furniture production – up to 4,000 pc a year.

This study analyzes the formation factors and major centres and shrines of pilgrimage and religious tourism in the Western region of Ukraine. The article presents structure of the religious space of 8 regions of Western Ukraine in the context of major Christian denominations. According to the latest statistics in the West of Ukraine, among the Christian denominations we can see dominance of believers and communities of the Ukrainian Greek-Catholic Church, the Orthodox Church of Ukraine, the Ukrainian Orthodox Church of the Moscow Patriarchate and the Roman Catholic Church. The main pilgrimage centres that represent the Christian denominations of the region are characterized by attracting their faithful and at the same time serving as religious tourism centres for a wider range of people. These include, among others: Univ Lavra, Krekhiv and Hoshiv Monasteries, the Marian Spiritual Centre in Zarvanytsia (Greek-Catholic Church); Maniava Skete, St. George Monastery on the Cossack Graves (Orthodox Church of Ukraine); Pochayiv Lavra, Zymne and Mezhyrich Monasteries, Monasteries in Bukovyna and Transcarpathia (Orthodox Church of the Moscow Patriarchate). At the same time, the Roman Catholic Church is represented by sanctuaries: Basilica of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary in Lviv, churches in Stryi, Bilshivtsi, Chortkiv, Letychiv and other settlements. The annual number of visitors to these major centres is between 30 and 100 thousand people a year. Regarding non-Christian religions, there are important shrines in the region for Hasidic pilgrims in Belz, Medzhybizh and other towns. At the same time, a number of regional centres are important destinations. There are many temples in Lviv, Ivano-Frankivsk, Lutsk, Ternopil, which, given the presence of objects of religious worship and significant architectural appeal, perform both a pilgrimage and a religious-tourist function. Religious shrines, which are primarily of natural origin, are often an important component of the pilgrimage-tourist movement in the West of Ukraine. These include the appearance of the Virgin Mary, including individual hills or springs, as well as ancient cave monasteries. Numerous pilgrimage and travel agencies actively promote visits of believers and tourists to them. Development of religious and pilgrimage centres is related to the development of service infrastructure, service complexes and a network of different types of accommodation. It may be recommended to organize more educational and scholarly events of ecumenical nature and meetings of faithful of different denominations in the well-known religious centres of the region. Key words: pilgrimage, religious tourism, denominations, temple, shrine, pilgrimage centre, infrastructure.

The authors of the article consider the problem of including ethnic cultures in the processes of sustainable development and the maximum use of the creative economy in Ukraine. Documents of international organizations, the results of research by famous scientists in the humanities, architecture and urban planning confirm the relevance of the topic of the article. The confrontation between global civilization and regional cultures, which manifests itself in the confrontation between progress and traditions, has intensified in the rivalry between postmodernism and modernism. The principle of postmodern inclusiveness, in contrast to the exclusivity of modernism, opens up new prospects for the preservation and renewal of traditions in many countries, including Ukraine, where twelve ethnic regions have developed historically. The authors of the article traced the historical stages of the development of ethnic cultures in these regions based on the original synergistic method of polarized cycles. This method focuses on the stable order of cyclical changes in the ups and downs of regional cultures, which makes it possible to diagnose and predict their development. The forecast indicates the leading role of small settlements in the sustainable development of regional cultures. In Volyn these are Volodymyr-Volynskyi and Zymne, Olyka and Gubkiv, Dubno and Klevan, Mezhyrich, Ostrog and Plyasheva. There are many more such centers in Galicia. Among them: Brody and Drohobych, Zhovkva and Zolochiv, Krekhiv and Olesko, Pidhirtsi and Pidkamin, Univ and Halych, Kolomyia and Kosiv, Manyava and Rohatyn, Berezhany and Buchach, Zbarazh and Kremenets, Skala-Podilska and Chortkiv. The centers of ethnic culture in the Sivers'kyi region are formed around Baturyn and Gustyn, Kachanivka and Kozelets, Lyubech and Nizhyn, Novhorod-Siverskyi and Ostra, Pryluky and Sokyryntsi, Akhtyrka and Hlukhiv, Putivl and Romny. In Podillya, these centers include Bar and Brailiv, Voronovitsa and Lyadova, Mohyliv-Podilskyi, Letychiv and Medzhibizh. There are no less centers of ethnic culture in Bukovyna and Zakarpattia, in Polissya and Prydniprovya, in Slobozhanshchyna, in Tavria and in Crimea. Monastic complexes, handicrafts, museums, fairs, monuments of architecture and urban planning are concentrated there. Their rational use and functioning determine the inclusion of ethnic regions and Ukraine as a whole in the processes of sustainable development.

Abstract Today, a dominant trend in factory construction is to account for the eco-economic aspects of their further operations. It requires sustainable technological solutions, with regard for structural specificities or for production technology used. At the same time, the buildings shall be architecturally attractive and distinct. In the paper, the author considered architectural, technological, structural, ecological, and economic factors for construction of wood-processing and furniture-making facilities. The author analyzed the actual Project Design to build the type of facility in Krekhiv village, Zhovkva district, Lviv region (western Ukraine) as commissioned by a well-known French company (the author have been engaged in the design). The study focused on a wood-processing Woodman company designed for the midtech production of edge glued panels and furniture. According to the design documentation by types of products planned, the Project Design provided for the following production units: unit for wood-sawing and drying; unit for mechanical processing of wood, production of edge glued panels and furniture; unit for mechanical repairs; and an administrative and services unit. The anticipated annual production capacity is: for edge glued panels – 600 m3 a year, furniture production– up to 4,000 pc a year. “Wood-sawing unit”, according to the Project Design, is organized according to the following principles of production technology based on the stages and operations: stockholding and storage of round timber (sawtimber); cutting the sawtimber into the shaped timber and logs; stocking the sawn timber (untrimmed boards) into stockpiles and on separators for further atmospheric and chamber drying. Sawn timber drying is taking place in the “Drying Unit”. It is the process of moisture removal from timber to a certain degree of humidity. The Project Design provided for the atmospheric drying of logs and boards in the furnished stockpiles under the roof, and artificial seasoning in a steam-curing and drying chambers. The artificial seasoning technology for sawn timber and logs is organized with the help of drying chambers and a boiler room with a sawdust bunker. The “Unit for Mechanical Wood Processing, Production of Edged Glued Panels and Furniture” is used for production of the edged glued panels from the sawn timber coming from hardwood (beech, oak). The production process of the edged glued panels includes the following stages: 1) cross-cutting of dry boards; 2) line cutting of board edges for the rough-sawn stock; 3) primary mechanical processing; 4) sorting by quality, color; 5) end-jointing gluing line; 6) log finishing; 7) press-molding of logs into panels; 8) panel surface preparation; 9) size cutting; 10) preservative treatment; 11) quality control; 12) storage and sales. "Administrative and Service Block", according to the Project Design, is an inbuilt part of the Main Building (Unit). It is a two-story insert separated with the fire safety barriers from the manufacturing facilities. It has isolated outside entrances and a technological corridor linking the manufacturing facilities. With account for production process requirements, fire safety, and sanitary standards, the Unit is divided into several personal services rooms for the staff and administrative rooms.

It is important to analyze the activities of fighters for the Ukrainian national idea, who found themselves in extreme conditions. After all, they had to fight against different occupation regimes at the same time. The political changes that took place during this time affected the tactics and methods of the fighters for the Ukrainian national idea. The analysis of OUN and UPA activities during the World War II and in the postwar period is important. The relevance of the study of organizational and militarypolitical activities in the Zhovkva district is explained by the peculiarities of this region. Among them are the following: this territory during the World War II was under the influence of various military and political formations in (UPA, OUN, AK – the regional army, guerrillas from the Soviet Union); some ideological sprouts for the future struggle were born on the territory of the Zhovkva district; this region was a kind of spiritual and religious center of Eastern Galicia. There were Zhovkva and Krekhiv monasteries of the Greek Catholic Church; having endured a lot of suffering of the Polish, Soviet and German occupation regimes, the population did not want to contribute to the restoration of Soviet power in the region; residents of Zhovkva region were forced to go underground. They wanted to avoid direct conflicts with the new government; the population was looking for alternative ways to gather contingent, serve in the army, ideological influence. The study of OUN activities in the Zhovkva district will help fill the gaps in understanding the processes and phenomena of World War II and the postwar years, to reach a new level of preparation of generalized works on the political history of Ukraine in this period. In order to properly assess the actions of the OUN members, it is necessary to follow their reaction to the change of political regimes and to find out whether these fighters were consistent in achieving their task – in defending national interests. Now that Ukraine is again under threat of occupation, it is important to pay attention to the experience of predecessors in the struggle for independence, point out the positive aspects of the OUN and take into account the mistakes made by Ukrainian nationalists.