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Vanhook, Patricia M. "Musculoskeletal Disorders". Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2019. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/7407.
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Rubeor, Amity, Michael Petrizzi, Judith Furlong i Diana L. Heiman. "Musculoskeletal Milestones: Encouraging Resident Competence and Leadership in Musculoskeletal Education". Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2014. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/8156.
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In this workshop, the STFM Group on Musculoskeletal Education will facilitate participants incorporating the ACGME milestones into a musculoskeletal curriculum. Participants will submit prior to the workshop perceived barriers in implementing the milestones. During the workshop, participants will engage in a hands-on curriculum that promotes milestone progression in residents, including concepts such as self-learning and leadership while learning core musculoskeletal medicine concepts, such as shoulder/knee exams and concussion management. Participants will apply these skills while training to administer a SMART (Sideline Management Assessment Response Techniques) course and thus learn how to assess resident competence in providing medical coverage at sporting events where these key concepts and skills such as spinal immobilization are necessary. The workshop will conclude with a discussion on collaboration and methods that promote interdisciplinary education in musculoskeletal medicine.
Objectives: After attending this workshop, participants will be able to: 1. Apply the ACGME milestones to key portions of a musculoskeletal curriculum, including joint exams, joint injections, casting/splinting, and sideline management 2. Reproduce hands-on skill stations in a residency setting, form the foundation for residency competence, and promote muscle memory in key musculoskeletal procedures. 3. Lead a SMART (Sideline Management Assessment Response Techniques) course in their residency setting.
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Vanhook, Patricia M., Lynne M. Dunphy, B. Porter, M. Zycowizc, T. South, L. Martian-Plank i C. Luskin. "Common Musculoskeletal Complaints". Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2019. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/7408.
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Book Summary: Serves the needs of advanced practice nurses because it’s written by nurse practitioners for nurse practitioners, in collaboration with a physician. Organizes content around the Circle of Caring framework for nursing-based knowledge and holistic care. Explores complementary and alternative treatments for each disorder. Covers the broadest range of human disease and disorders using a systems-based approach, presenting both common complaints and common problems to help students narrow down the possible differentials to the most likely diagnosis. Considers interactions of pharmaceuticals with alternative medications and nutraceuticals. Features coverage of pathophysiology and diagnostic reasoning as well as up-to-date guidance on laboratory and diagnostic tests. Emphasizes evidence-based practice with information on evidence levels and more references to primary studies. Integrates discussions of health policy and primary care throughout the text.
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Heiman, Diana L. "Common Musculoskeletal Problems". Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2016. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/8172.
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Düring, Alma, i Evelina Eklund. "Musculoskeletal Impairments at Piña Palmera, Mexico : Musculoskeletal Impairments at Piña Palmera, Mexico". Thesis, Hälsohögskolan, Jönköping University, HHJ, Avd. för rehabilitering, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-49634.
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Aim: The aim of this thesis was to map specific musculoskeletal impairments experienced by adults with physical disabilities at the Piña Palmera rehabilitation center in Mexico and to categorize them according to the ICF. Method: This cross-sectional study was conducted through observations and a survey based on predefined questions. The questions covered the individuals’ level of independence, pain, earlier treatment and biggest obstacle in daily life. The participants were observed when they received physical therapy or in their daily work at the center. The results from the survey and observations were later coded according to ICF. The participants were categorized and divided into groups depending on severity of their impairment: mild, moderate and severe. Results: This study includes 17 participants, nine women and eight men. The age of the participants ranged from 22 to 87 years (median: 44). The result shows an overview of the most common impairments that individuals’ who are visiting the center are affected by. The result also shows all the codes for each individual on the ICF-components. Conclusion: The group with severe loss of function had higher level of problem on the investigated components of ICF. Assistive device that should be prioritized is AFO.Syfte: Syftet med denna studie är att kartlägga de specifika muskuloskelettära funktionsnedsättningarna hos vuxna människor med fysiska funktionshinder på Piña Palmera rehabiliteringscenter i Mexico samt att kategorisera dessa enligt International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health. Metod: Denna tvärsnittsstudie genomfördes genom observationer och ett förberett frågeformulär. Frågeformuläret innehöll frågor som rörde individens självständighetsförmåga, smärta, tidigare behandlingar samt deltagarens självupplevda största hinder i vardagen. Deltagarna observerades under besök hos fysioterapeuten eller i deras vardagliga arbete på centret. Resultatet från intervjun och undersökningarna kodades enligt ICF och deltagarna delades in i grupper beroende på grad av funktionsnedsättning, mild, medel eller svår. Resultat: Denna studie inkluderar 17 deltagare, nio kvinnor och åtta män. Deltagarnas ålder är mellan 22 och 87 år (median: 44 år). Resultatet ger en överblick på de vanligaste funktionshindren hos individer som besöker centret. Resultatet visar också kodningen för varje individ för fyra olika komponenter inom ICF. Slutsats: Gruppen med svår funktionsnedsättning hade högre problemgrad på alla ICF-komponenter, vilket var väntat. De assisterande hjälpmedlen som bör prioriteras för centret är AFO.
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Hungenahalli, Shivanna Bharath. "Musculoskeletal Modeling of Ballet". Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Mekanik och hållfasthetslära, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-171924.
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This thesis work comprises the working and simulation procedures being involved in simulating motion capture data in AnyBody Modeling System. The motion capture data used in this thesis are ballet movements from dancers of Östgöta ballet and dance academy. The ballet movements taken into consideration are the arabesque on demi-pointe and pirouette. The arabesque on demi-pointe was performed by two dancers but the pirouette is performed by only one dancer. The method involved recording ballet movements by placing markers on the dancer's body and using this motion capture data as input to AnyBody Modeling System to create a musculoskeletal simulation. The musculoskeletal modeling involved creating a very own Qualisys marker protocol for the markers placed on the ballet dancers. Then implementing the marker protocol onto a human model in AnyBody Modeling System by making use of the AnyBody Managed Modeling Repository (TM) and obtain the kinematics from the motion capture. To best fit the human model to the dancer's anthropometry, scaling of the human model is done, environmental conditions such as the force plates are provided. An optimization algorithm is conducted for the marker positions to best fit the dancer's anthropometry by running parameter identification. From the kinematics of the motion capture data, we simulate the inverse dynamics in AnyBody Modeling System. The simulations explain a lot of parameters that describe the ballet dancers. Results such as the center of mass, the center of pressure, muscle activation, topple angle are presented and discussed. Moreover, we compare the models of the dancers and draw conclusions about body balance, effort level, and muscles activated during the ballet movements.
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Megale, Rodrigo Zunzarren. "Musculoskeletal pain and ageing". Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/19884.
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Musculoskeletal pain is a complex phenomenon involving biomechanics, inflammation and central pain processing pathways. The ageing process and ageing-related conditions can affect the course of musculoskeletal pain; conversely, the presence of pain can affect the ageing process, contributing to increased risks of adverse health outcomes. Despite the importance of managing pain in older adults, questions remain in terms of the best approach as the use of analgesics in this population is associated with increased risks of adverse events. This thesis contributes to the current knowledge of how age-related conditions such as multimorbidity and frailty interact with musculoskeletal pain and its management. The specific aims are: a) to determine whether frailty status is a risk factor for development of chronic or intrusive musculoskeletal pain; b) to determine whether pain increases the risk of developing the frailty phenotype; c) to describe the current management of vertebral compression fractures, a common and painful musculoskeletal condition typically seen in older adults; and d) to review and appraise the literature on the efficacy and safety of opioid analgesics for older adults with musculoskeletal pain.«br /» To address the first and the second aims, longitudinal data from the Concord Health and Ageing in Men Project (CHAMP), a prospective population based cohort study, were used.«strong» «/strong»A total of 1705 men aged 70 years or older, living in an urban area of New South Wales, Australia, were included in the CHAMP baseline study. Data on the presence of chronic pain (daily pain for at least 3 months), intrusive pain (pain causing moderate to severe interference with activities) and the criteria for the Cardiovascular Health Study frailty phenotype were collected in three waves, from January 2005 to October 2013. After adjusting for potential confounders, no association between frailty and future chronic or intrusive pain was observed. However, non-frail (robust and pre-frail) men who reported chronic pain were 1.60 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.02 to 2.51, p=0.039) times more likely to develop frailty at follow-up, compared to those with no pain. For those reporting intrusive pain, the odds of developing future frailty were 1.64 (95%CI: 0.97-2.78, p=0.063). In summary, the presence of chronic pain increased the risk of developing the physical frailty phenotype in community-dwelling older men.«br /» To address the third aim, data from the Bettering the Evaluation And Care of Health (BEACH) program collected between April 2005 and March 2015 were used. Each year, a random national sample of approximately 1,000 GPs each recorded information on 100 consecutive patient encounters. All encounters at which vertebral compression fracture was managed were selected. Vertebral compression fractures were managed in 211 (0.022%; 95% CI: 0.018–0.025) of the 977,300 BEACH encounters recorded April 2005– March 2015. At encounters with patients aged 50 years or over, prescription of opioids analgesics (47.1 per 100 vertebral fractures; 95% CI: 38.4–55.7) was the most common management action. Prescriptions of paracetamol (8.2 per 100 vertebral fractures; 95% CI: 4-12.4) or non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (4.1 per 100 vertebral fractures; 95% CI: 1.1-7.1) were less frequent. Non-pharmacological treatment was provided at a rate of 22.4 per 100 vertebral fractures (95% CI: 14.6-30.1). In summary, prescription of oral opioid analgesics remains the commonest general practice approach for vertebral compression fractures management, despite the lack of evidence to support this approach.«br /» The fourth aim concerns the efficacy and safety of using opioid analgesics in older adults with musculoskeletal pain. A systematic review with meta-analysis was performed including 23 randomized controlled trials with mean population age of 60 years or older that compared the efficacy and safety of opioid analgesics with placebo for musculoskeletal pain conditions. Opioid analgesics had a small effect on decreasing pain intensity (Standardised mean difference (SMD): -0.27; 95% CI: -0.33 to -0.20) and improving function (SMD: -0.27, 95%CI: -0.36 to -0.18), which was not associated with daily dose or treatment duration. The risk of adverse events was three times higher (OR: 2.94; 95% CI: 2.33 to 3.72) and treatment discontinuation four times higher (OR: 4.04; 95% CI: 3.10 to 5.25) in opioid treated patients. The systematic review concluded that, in older adults suffering from musculoskeletal pain, using opioid analgesics had only a small effect on pain and function at the cost of a higher risk of adverse events and treatment discontinuation. Therefore, for this specific population, the opioid-related risks may outweigh the benefits.«br /» From the results presented in the chapters of this thesis, important conclusions can be drawn: a) chronic musculoskeletal pain increases the risk of developing frailty in older adults and therefore, pain management should be part of a potential strategy to prevent frailty; b) despite being commonly prescribed for musculoskeletal pain in older adults, opioid analgesics alone are not likely to result in significant relief of chronic pain in these patients; c) instead of recommending opioid analgesics for persistent pain in older patients, guidelines should recommend comprehensive pain assessment, multimodal strategies and multidisciplinary approaches.
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Prenzler, Elizabeth A. "Musculoskeletal adaptation to dance". Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 1998. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/36748/1/36748_Prenzler_1998.pdf.
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Training can facilitate adaptive changes in the human body in response to activity, and these changes are evident in dancers. Unique manoeuvres inherent in the training programmes and performance of dancers have a significant influence on adaptive responses of the musculo-skeletal system. These set manoeuvres must be executed to be visually correct and often involve extreme ranges of movement, along with highly repetitive moves and frequent jumping. As dancers often begin training at an early age, physiological changes may take place as their bodies adapt to the positions and loads experienced. Additional factors that may influence adaptation are nutritional deficiencies, menstrual abnormalities, floor surfaces, inadequate footwear and hours of practice. The process of adaptation affects both the skeletal and muscular systems of the body and both positive and negative consequences are evident. Negative effects may be expressed by high injury rates, pertaining mainly to the lower limb and often chronic in nature. A significant factor in the cause of injury relates to the inability to effectively match training levels and intensities with positive adaptation. Bone mineral density (BMD) is one measure that can be taken to examine the adaptive response of bone. Following training, BMD has been found to increase at specific sites in response to loading at those sites. However, if the loads or frequency of loads are too great, failure may occur which may ultimateiy lead to stress fractures. Muscular adaptation to training may be evident by increases in muscular strength and the presence of muscle imbalance, although a precise definition of what constitutes an imbalance is unclear. Studies claim that symmetry in terms of strength should exist between muscles on opposite sides of the body, or that a specific ratio is found between the agonisUantagonist muscle groups of the same extremity. A discrepancy of more than 10% from expected values has been classified as an imbalance, potentially causing injury, and muscle imbalances have frequently been linked with dancing injuries. While many studies have investigated imbalance and injury, the relationship between them is still unclear and few studies have targeted specific muscle groups in the area of dance. It is necessary to prospectively examine this relationship and to more closely monitor training intensities and subsequent changes in the musculo-skeletal system. The purpose of this study was to investigate prospectively the relationship between factors commonly associated with injuries and the injury profiles of female dancers. The specific aims were to determine the anthropometry, skeletal status, muscular strength and flexibility characteristics of this group of dancers; to investigate the nature of the training program with respect to duration, intensity and frequency components; and to investigate the relationship between these factors and injury throughout a season of dancing.
Twenty female dance students from the Queensland University of Technology dance program and five female dance students from the Brisbane Dance Centre participated in the study. Over a 10-month period, five measures were taken at the beginning of the university semester. Muscie strength was measured using a Kin-Com isokinetic dynamometer including hip flexors/extensors, hip abductors/adductors, hip external/internal rotators, knee fiexors/extensors, ankle invertors/evertors and ankie plantar/dorsiflexors. These measures were also used to determine muscle strength ratio's. Passive ranges of movement of the above actions were measured using a Leighton flexometer. The Lunar densitometer was used to measure bone mineral density of the proximal femur and lumbar spine. Anthropometric measures were used to establish body composition and a submaximal fitness test was carried out at each of the test periods. Continual monitoring of activity levels and injuries occurred throughout the 10 month period. Training intensity was established by analysis of dance classes, activity diaries and force plate measurements.
The training hours of dancers were not significantly different between injured and non-injured dancers. It was noted however, that there was a discrepancy between the number of hours recorded and the actual number of active hours completed in the dancers training history, due to the nature of the dance classes. No skeletal injuries were recorded, therefore a comparison with BMD measures could not be made, however the values from the dancers from this study were higher than previous dance studies. Muscular characteristics in terms of strength and flexibility did show evidence of adaptation at certain joints compared to normal values, however they were different again to professional dancers. While a number of characteristics showed significant differences between injured and non-injured groups, these were viewed with caution due to the exploratory nature of the study. They did reveal however, that further investigation, particularly around the ankle joint and hip joint is warranted.
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Pinard, Julie. "Musculoskeletal characteristics of highland dancers". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape9/PQDD_0004/MQ42191.pdf.
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Neville, Charlotte Eleanor. "Diet, lifestyle and musculoskeletal health". Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.534615.
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Zayat, Ahmed Salem. "Confounding factors in musculoskeletal ultrasound". Thesis, University of Leeds, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.574628.
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Musculoskeletal ultrasound (US) is an imaging modality with the potential to revolutionise the way we practise rheumatology. Ultrasound has been shown to be more sensitive and valid when compared to conventional imaging methods and clinical examination in the assessment of inflammatory arthropathies (lA). However, major limitations to its widespread use have been its perceived poor reliability and unknown diagnostic discriminative ability. Image acquisition is a key point for improving reliability. A systematic literature review was performed and a survey of experts was obtained in order to understand the important confounding factors in image acquisition. The effect of two of these factors on synovitis detection was then examined. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) usage was found to significantly mask both grey scale (GS) and power Doppler (PD) signal and resultedinlower assessment of disease activity. Change in the joint position during scanning was found to significantly alter US findings in patients with lA. Scanning the hands in a flat position and the knees in a 30° position provided the highest GS and PD scores suggesting that they may be the optimal scanning positions. The ability of US to discriminate rheumatoid arthritis (RA) from other diseases by detecting bone erosions was explored by examining the specificity of US detected bone erosion. The overall presence of US detected erosions was not a specific fmding for RA. However, erosions in certain anatomical sites were specific for RA. In conclusion, this thesis has demonstrated that certain factors. including concurrent NSAID intake and joint position can affect US image acquisition. Ultrasound does / IV have the ability to discriminate RA from other diseases by specifically detecting bone erosions in target joints. Standardisation of the US confounding factors and better understanding of the specificity of common US findings may enhance the role of US in the assessment of IA.
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De, Pablo Paola. "The epidemiology of musculoskeletal inflammation". Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2013. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/4161/.
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Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by progressive joint destruction often resulting in functional disability and increased mortality. With appropriate therapies, it is possible to delay or even prevent evolution of patients into RA and/or induce remission. Thus the identification of individuals not only early in the disease course but at risk of developing RA is important. Following on this concept, we investigated the presence of systemic autoimmunity among individuals at risk of RA based on environmental exposures, and conducted a meta-analyses showing an early therapeutic window of opportunity associated with sustained benefit on disease progression and structural damage. Since time matters, we examined both the recent criteria performance and the role of musculoskeletal ultrasound as tools to identify RA early in the disease course. One of the therapeutic goals in RA is the prevention of radiologically evident joint destruction, thus we evaluated a novel scoring method to assess radiological disease progression. We also examined the impact of inflammation on RA-associated collateral damage, including cardiovascular disease and bone loss. We observed within the epidemiology of musculoskeletal involvement that chronic inflammation in any one tissue clearly impacts the overall health status and disease susceptibility of the whole body.
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Chaffee, Beth K. "Preclinical Modeling of Musculoskeletal Cancer". The Ohio State University, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1376844544.
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Jambo, Alves Lopes Thiago. "Musculoskeletal Injuries in Navy Cadets". Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/18923.
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According to the Translating Research into Injury Prevention Practice framework, prior to implement any preventive intervention, it is crucial to complete some steps: to conduct high quality and evidence based injury surveillance (step 1), to understand the injury risk factors associated with the context and target population (step 2) and to create interventions that target the risk factors found previously (step 3). In order to implement preventive interventions to reduce MSI incidence in a Brazilian Navy cadet’s cohort, the main purpose of this thesis was to complete steps 1 to 3 of the TRIPP framework. In Chapter 2 we investigated the incidence of anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction in Brazil and the differences between age and sex groups. Chapter 3 described the 12-month prevalence rate of self-reported musculoskeletal symptoms in Navy cadets comparing differences between sex and school year. In chapter 4 the intent was to provide normative data on commonly used physical performance tests that may be associated with MSIs in Navy cadets, and assess for sex and limb dominance differences. Chapter 5 investigated if 2D-video analysis is a reliable and valid method of measuring trunk and lower extremity frontal plane kinematics during athletics tasks. Chapter 6 investigated the reliability and validity of a popular wearable motion system for measurements of frontal plane knee motion in healthy adults during a single leg squat task. In chapter 7, it was conducted a prospective cohort study in order to investigate clinically-identified risk factors associated with acute and chronic musculoskeletal injury in a Brazilian Navy cadet cohort. Chapter 8 investigated the effect of Injury Prevention Program on landing biomechanics as they relate to the dominance theories of ACL injury. Finally, the last chapter of this thesis (Chapter 9) presents final considerations, including the main findings and clinical implications of the thesis as well as future research.
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Roberts, Nathan T. "Musculoskeletal injuries in tactical law enforcement". Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10450/11120.
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Jackson, Renae Angelique. "Musculoskeletal Injuries in California Ocean Lifeguards". Thesis, California State University, Long Beach, 2017. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10605833.
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Databases on ocean lifeguard injuries are scarce and it is likely that available injury data on lifeguards underestimates the prevalence of musculoskeletal injuries in this population. Currently, the prevalence of injuries in California ocean lifeguards is unknown. The purpose of this study was to identify and describe musculoskeletal injuries present in California ocean lifeguards. This study additionally examined the distribution of injury according to several demographic categories. Of the lifeguards who took this survey, 61% stated they have sustained a work-related injury at some point in their career, and 1410 total injuries were reported. Age, years of experience, employment status, and swimming as a method of maintaining fitness for the job were significantly associated the occurrence of injury. Over half of the injuries reported were within the following lower body segments: thigh/knee, lower leg/ankle, and foot. The knee was the most common injury location requiring surgery. Proper identification and treatment of ocean lifeguard injuries should be a priority due to the high prevalence of injury and the unknown potential effects of these injuries on the individuals. If risk factors for injuries in lifeguards can be identified early on in their career, then interventions can be implemented, which may overall reduce future injury rates within this population.
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Payne, Nancy. "Musculoskeletal fitness, assessment and health implications". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ39219.pdf.
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Levin, David Isaac William. "Towards dynamic, patient-specific musculoskeletal models". Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/41963.
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This thesis focuses on the development of tools to aid in producing dynamic simulations from patient specific volumetric data. Specifically, two new computational methods have been developed, one for image acquisition and one for simulation. Acquiring patient-specific musculoskeletal architectures is a difficult task. Our image acquisition relies on Diffusion Tensor Imaging since it allows the non-invasive study of muscle fibre architecture. However, musculoskeletal Diffusion Tensor Imaging suffers from low signal-to-noise ratio. Noise in the computed tensor fields can lead to poorly reconstructed muscle fibre fields. In this thesis we detail how leveraging a priori knowledge of the structure of skeletal muscle can drastically increase the quality of fibre architecture data extracted from Diffusion Tensor Images. The second section of this thesis describes a simulation technique that allows the direct simulation of volumetric data, such as that produced by the denoising algorithm. The method was developed in response to two key motivations: first, that the medical imaging data we acquire is volumetric and can be difficult to discretize in a Lagrangian fashion, and second that many biological structures (such as muscle) are highly deformable and come into close contact with each other as well as the environment. In response to these observations we have produced an Eulerian simulator that can simulate volumetric objects in close contact. The algorithm intrinsically handles large deformations and potential degeneracies that can result in contacting scenarios. Extending the simulator to produce complex musculoskeletal simulations is also discussed. These two algorithms address concerns in two stages of a proposed pipeline for generating dynamic, patient specific musculoskeletal simulations.
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Woods, Valerie. "Work inequalities and musculoskeletal ill health". Thesis, University of Surrey, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.435101.
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Toms, Andoni. "Recent advances in musculoskeletal imaging research". Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2011. https://ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk/35694/.
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Goon, DT, AL Toriola i BS Shaw. "Musculoskeletal fitness in Nigerian school children". Medicina Dello Sport, 2009. http://encore.tut.ac.za/iii/cpro/DigitalItemViewPage.external?sp=1001798.
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Summary
Aim. The purpose of this study was to examine age and gender differences in muscular strength and flexibility
among primary school children and to compare the findings with data for school-going children
from other countries.
Method. A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 2 015 primary school children in Makurdi, Nigeria
(N.=979 boys; N.=1 036 girls) aged 9-12 years, who performed the FITNESSGRAM (CIAR, 2000) physical
fitness tests.
Results. A non-significant difference in flexibility was found between boys (mean: 27.1±4.4 cm) and girls
(mean: 26.9±4.6 cm) (P=0.851; P>0.05). ANOVA test indicated no significant sex main effect on flexibility
test scores (F(1, 2007)=0.027; P>0.05), whereas this yielded a substantial age main effect (F(3,
2007)=3.407; P<0.05). On average, boys had a slight, but significantly superior push-up performance
(9.1±3.9) compared to girls (8.6±3.5) (P=0.04; P<0.05). Results also indicated substantial age difference
in push-up scores among boys and girls (F(1, 3)=11.1; P<0.05). There were no significant age/ sex interaction
effect (F(3, 2007)=1.396; P>0.05) and sex main effect in the sit-up performances for the boys
and girls (P=0.188; P>0.05). Boys had significantly (P<0.05) higher mean sit-up values, at ages 10 and
12, whereas no statistically significant sex main effect was found regarding the children’s sit-up scores
(F(1, 2007)=1.134; P>0.05).
Conclusion. Whereas the study showed non-significant sex and age differences in flexibility between boys
and girls, marked age- and gender- related discrepancies were found regarding muscular strength. The muscular
endurance component showed inconsistent results across age groups.
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Rezgui, Taysir. "Musculoskeletal modeling of cerebral palsy children". Compiègne, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012COMP1991.
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La modélisation musculosquelettique est aujourd’hui utilisée dans de nombreux domaines tels que l’analyse de la marche pathologique et la simulation des traitements thérapeutiques et chirurgicaux. Dans le cadre de la paralysie cérébrale (PC), la prise en considération des spécificités des patients, des troubles neurologiques et des déformations osseuses est nécessaire. Etant donné que les techniques d’imagerie médicale sont encore marginales en routine clinique, le recours aux modèles génériques reste donc indispensable. Notre étude rétrospective vise le développement d’un modèle musculosquelettique (MMS) générique adapté aux enfants PC. Une première étude détermine les limites d’un tel modèle pour la marche normale, les marches pathologiques des enfants paralysés cérébraux, et les postures pathologiques imitées par une population saine. Une seconde étude propose une technique de calibration pour raffiner les paramètres du MMS à partir des données recueillies de l’analyse quantifiée de la marche (AQM). Ainsi, on a pu déduire que, même si les résultats estimés sont représentatifs pour les adultes sains, le MMS standard présente des limites concernant la cinématique et les forces musculaires prédites pour les enfants sains et les enfants PC. D’autre part, la procédure de calibration influe de façon positive sur les données prédites comme les activations musculaires et les forces musculaires. Ce travail montre que le MMS générique peut être calibré à partir des données de l’AQM afin d’améliorer les résultats du modèle. Cette technique pourrait représenter une nouvelle perspective dans les applications cliniques de la modélisation musculosquelettiqueThe analysis of pathological gait using musculoskeletal modeling is a promising approach to qualify and quantify the pathology as well as to monitor the potential recovery after therapy. When dealing with cerebral palsy, its specific neurological disorders and consequently bones deformities, specific-subject musculoskeletal models has been developed. The imaging techniques are still unaffordable in clinical practises. So, using the LifeMod software, we aimed to develop musculoskeletal model in a retrospective study to evaluate the accuracy of surgical treatments on cerebral palsy. Two principles studies are performed. First, relying on the accuracy of a rescaled generic adult skeleton, the musculoskeletal modeling limitation have been determined when applying normal gait and pathological crouch and jump postures, imitated by healthy adults and children. Second, calibration technique had been developed to refine the model’s parameters based on data collectid from the subject. Results from musculoskeletal modeling are compared to gait analysis date. As results, even if the model outputs gave correct results with healthy adults, the standard rescaled musculoskeletal modeling showed limits on predicted kinematics and muscle forces for healthy and CP children. The refinement of subject-specific joint parameters and driving the model with the experimental GRF data have a huge influence in model outputs and improve quantitatively the predicted muscle activations and forces. This work pointed out that the parameters of a rescaled generic musculoskeletal moded can be refined and personalized to improve model’s outcomes. It may represent a new perspective in clinical applications
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Holmberg, L. Joakim. "Musculoskeletal Biomechanics in Cross-country Skiing". Doctoral thesis, Linköpings universitet, Mekanik, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-76148.
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Why copy the best athletes? When you finally learn their technique, they may have already moved on. Using muscluloskeletal biomechanics you might be able to add the "know-why" so that you can lead, instead of being left in the swells. This dissertation presents the theoretical framework of musculoskeletal modeling using inverse dynamics with static optimization. It explores some of the possibilities and limitations of musculoskeletal biomechanics in cross-country skiing, especially double-poling. The basic path of the implementation is shown and discussed, e.g. the issue of muscle model choice. From that discussion it is concluded that muscle contraction dynamics is needed to estimate individual muscle function in double-poling. Several computer simulation models, using The Anybody Modeling System™, have been created to study different cross-country skiing applications. One of the applied studies showed that the musculoskeletal system is not a collection of discrete uncoupled parts because kinematic differences in the lower leg region caused kinetic differences in the other end of the body. An implication of the results is that the kinematics and kinetics of the whole body probably are important when studying skill and performance in sports. Another one of the applied studies showed how leg utilisation may affect skiing efficiency and performance in double-poling ergometry. Skiing efficiency was defined as skiing work divided by metabolic muscle work, performance was defined as forward impulse. A higher utilization of the lower-body increased the performance, but decreased the skiing efficiency. The results display the potential of musculoskeletal biomechanics for skiing efficiency estimations. The subject of muscle decomposition is also studied. It is shown both analytically and with numerical simulations that muscle force estimates may be affected by muscle decomposition depending on the muscle recruitment criteria. Moreover, it is shown that proper choices of force normalization factors may overcome this issue. Such factors are presented for two types of muscle recruitment criteria. To sum up, there are still much to do regarding both the theoretical aspects as well as the practical implementations before predictions on one individual skier can be made with any certainty. But hopefully, this disseration somewhat furthers the fundamental mechanistic understanding of cross-country skiing, and shows that musculoskeletal biomechanics will be a useful complement to existing experimental methods in sports biomechanics.Varför ska man kopiera de som är bäst inom sin idrottsgren? När man väl har lärt sig deras teknik så har de antagligen redan gått vidare. Vore det inte bättre att öka sin förståelse så att man kan ligga i framkant, istället för i svallvågorna? Med biomekaniska simuleringar som ett komplement till traditionella experimentella metoder finns möjligheten att få veta varför prestationen ökar, inte bara hur man ska göra för att öka sin prestation. Längdskidåkning innehåller snabba och kraftfulla helkroppsrörelser och därför behövs en beräkningsmetod som kan hantera helkroppsmodeller med många muskler. Avhandlingen presenterar flera muskeloskelettära simuleringsmodeller skapade i The AnyBody Modeling System™ och är baserade på inversdynamik och statisk optimering. Denna metod tillåter helkroppsmodeller med hundratals muskler och stelkroppssegment av de flesta kroppsdelarna. Avhandlingen visar att biomekaniska simuleringar kan användas som komplement till mer traditionella experimentella metoder vid biomekaniska studier av längdskidåkning. Exempelvis går det att förutsäga muskelaktiviteten för en viss rörelse och belastning på kroppen. Detta nyttjas för att studera verkningsgrad och prestation inom dubbelstakning. Utifrån experiment skapas olika simuleringsmodeller. Dessa modeller beskriver olika varianter (eller stilar) av dubbelstakning, alltifrån klassisk stil med relativt raka ben och kraftig fällning av överkroppen till en mer modern stil där åkaren går upp på tå och använder sig av en kraftig knäböj. Resultaten visar först och främst att ur verkningsgradsynpunkt är den klassiska stilen att föredra då den ger mest framåtdrivande arbete per utfört kroppsarbete, dvs den är energisnål. Men ska en längdlöpare komma så fort fram som möjligt (utan att bry sig om energiåtgång) verkar det som en mer modern stil är att föredra. Denna studie visar också att för att kunna jämföra kroppens energiåtgång för skelettmusklernas arbete mellan olika rörelser så krävs det en modell där muskler ingår. Andra studier som presenteras är hur muskelantagonister kan hittas, hur lastfördelningen mellan muskler eller muskelgrupper förändras när rörelsen förändras samt effekter av benproteser på energiåtgång. Några aspekter av metoden presenteras också. Två muskelmodeller och dess inverkan på olika simuleringsresultat visas. En annan aspekt är hur muskeldekomposition och muskelrekryteringskriterium påverkar beräkningarna. Normaliseringsfaktorer för olika muskelrekryteringskriterium presenteras.
Beräkningsbaserad biomekanik inom längdskidåkningen - möjligheter och begränsningar
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Chen, Lingxiao. "Exploring the heterogeneity of musculoskeletal pain". Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2021. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/27464.
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Musculoskeletal pain often includes pain in the back, neck, knee, and hip, and is associated with a substantial financial and personal burden. Eight chapters are included in this thesis that aims to improve the understanding of the heterogeneity in treatment effects and prognosis of musculoskeletal pain. Four issues were identified: i) people with different pain phenotypes (i.e. back pain with or without neurological deficit) or with distinct underlying health conditions (e.g. pregnancy-related back pain) may respond differently to treatment strategies; ii) people with chronic back pain and presenting different radiological phenotypes may experience different course of the disease; iii) different patterns of analgesic use over time may be associated with different long term health status; iv) different types and number of sites of musculoskeletal pain may be associated with different clinical prognoses.
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Atijosan, Oluwarantimi Oluwatunmike. "Measuring musculoskeletal impairment in developing countries". Thesis, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (University of London), 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.536877.
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Amiri, Mohsen. "Cervical musculoskeletal impairment in frequent intermittent headache /". [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2003. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe18168.pdf.
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Tojima, Sayaka. "Sacro-caudal musculoskeletal morphological diversity in catarrhines". 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/188517.
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Peck, Christopher Charles. "Dynamic musculoskeletal biomechanics in the human jaw". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape4/PQDD_0018/NQ48693.pdf.
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Debiparshad, Kevin. "Musculoskeletal phenotype of Egr-1 deficient mice". Thesis, McGill University, 2010. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=86749.
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Early growth response protein-1 (EGR-1) is a transcription factor induced by stress or injury, mitogens, and differentiation factors. It has been shown to be regulated by various cytokines, growth factors and by ischemic/hypoxic stress as well as shear stress and mechanical injury. These regulators have been linked to both the development as well the degeneration of the musculoskeletal system, namely articlar cartilage, intervertebral discs (IVDs) and bone. Furthermore, Egr-1 has been shown to regulate the expression of collagens and enzymes affecting the extracellular matrix. Polymorphisms of DNA binding sites for EGR-1 have shown to be associated with both disc degeneration and osteoporosis. The aim of this study was to determine the affects of EGR-1 deficiency on articular cartilage, IVD and bone phenotype.Wild-type (+/+) C57Bl/6 or Egr-1-deficient (−/−) mice were sacrificed at the same age interval (8- to 9-months). Standard histological preparation and staining with Safranin-O/Fast Green were done. Also immuncohistochemistry was performed using anti-bodies to type X collagen, cleavage products of both type II collagen and aggrecan. Imaging of mice was with plain radiographs, bone mineral density measurements and microCT analysis.
Results revealed that these mice have differences including abnormal bone structure and density, structural and possibly compositional differences in articular cartilage and structural and biochemical changes in IVDs. This points to the importance of Egr-1 in the maintenance of normal bone, IVD and articular cartilage and makes it a possible target for initiating pathological conditions of these tissues.
La protéine de croissance EGR-1 (Early Growth Response protein-1, en anglais) est un facteur de transcription qui est induit par la tension ou la blessure, les facteurs mitogènes, et les facteurs de différenciation. EGR-1 est ainsi régulé par divers cytokines, facteurs de croissance, par les conditions ischémique, ainsi que la tension et les blessures mécaniques. Ces régulateurs ont été reliés au développement ainsi que la dégradation du système squeletto-musculaire, particulièrement le cartilage articulaire, les disques intervertébraux (DIV) et l'os. De plus, il a été démontré que EGR-1 peut réguler l'expression des collagènes et d'enzymes contribuant à la matrice extracellulaire. Le polymorphisme de séquences d'ADN pour les des sites d'attachements d'EGR-1 a démontré être associé avec la dégradation de disques intervertébraux et l'ostéoporose. L'objectif de cette étude était de déterminer l'effet d'une expression réduite d'EGR-1 sur les phénotypes du cartilage articulaire, les DIV, et l'os.
Les souris C57Bl/6 de phénotype sauvage (+/+) ou ceux avec une expression réduite d'EGR-1 (−/−) ont été sacrifiées au même intervalle d'âge (8 à 9 mois). La préparation histologique standard et la coloration avec Safranin-O/Fast Green a été fait. Aussi l'immunohistochimie a été exécuté avec des anticorps pour le collagène de type X, et les produits de clivage du collagène de type II ainsi que les aggrécanes. L'imagerie de souris a été faite avec les radiographies simples, les mesures de densité minéraux de l'os, et avec l'analyse de micro-tomodensitomètre.
Les résultats ont révélé que ces souris ont des différences incluant la structure et densité d'os anormaux, les différences structurelles et possiblement compositionnelles dans le cartilage articulaire, et les changements structurels et biochimiques dans les DIV. Ceci indique à l'importance d'EGR-1 dans l'entretien d'os normal, des DIV et le cartilage articulaire, et le rend une cible possible pour initier les conditions pathologiques de ces tissus.
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林玊玲 i Yuk-ling Lam. "Patterns of musculoskeletal injuries in collegiate dancers". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2001. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31257264.
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Grimer, Robert John. "Improving outcomes for patients with musculoskeletal tumours". Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2011. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/2986/.
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This thesis summarises the author’s lifelong work to improve outcomes for patients with musculoskeletal tumours. It starts with analysing diagnostic features and steps that could be taken to improve the time to diagnosis of these rare tumours. It continues with a number of basic science projects which the author has either carried out or collaborated with. Benign bone tumours are common in children and are discussed. The author has probably one of the largest personal experiences of treating primary malignant bone and soft tissue tumours and this is evidenced by the papers on osteosarcoma, chondrosarcoma, Ewing’s sarcoma and soft tissue sarcoma. The indications for and outcomes of major ablative amputations are outlined followed by an extensive review of the outcomes of limb salvage surgery with endoprostheses and other techniques. The role of this type of surgery in metastatic disease is put in context. Finally the importance of follow up and guidelines is considered. The thesis represents an analysis of the huge improvements that have taken place in the past 25 years in musculoskeletal oncology but also reveals the many still unanswered questions in this evolving field.
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Dicko, Ali Hamadi. "Construction of musculoskeletal systems for anatomical simulation". Thesis, Grenoble, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014GRENM084/document.
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L'usage d'humains virtuels s'est démocratisé à de nombreuses activités ces dernières années.Au-delà de la chirurgie virtuelle, les corps virtuels sont de plus en plus utilisés pour concevoir des dispositifs médicaux, des véhicules et des outils de notre quotidien plus généralement.Ils se sont avérés être également d'extraordinaires supports à l'apprentissage de l'anatomie.De récents films (Avatar, Le seigneur des anneaux, etc) ont démontré que l'anatomie et la biomécanique peuvent être utilisées pour concevoir des personnages d'une grande qualité.Cependant, reproduire le comportement des structures anatomiques demeure une tâche complexe, et de nombreuses connaissances variées sont nécéssaires à la mise en place de simulation de qualité de nos organes. Ceci fait de la modélisation pour la simulation d'humains une problématique non résolue, une tâche fastidieuse, mais également un sujet de recherche fascinant.À travers ces travaux de thèse, nous abordons cette problématique de la construction de systèmes musculo-squeletiques pour ces domaines variés : animation, biomécanique et aide à l'apprentissage.Notre objectif est de simplifier le processus entier de création en le rendant plus intuitif et plus rapide.Notre approche consiste à pallier à chacune des difficultés, à savoir : la représentation et la manipulation de connaissances anatomiques, la modélisation géométrique et la simulation efficace de systèmes musculosquelettiques grâce à trois principalescontributions introduites durant ces travaux de recherche.Notre première contribution se focalise sur la construction biomécanique d'un modèle hybride du rachis lombaire.Dans ces travaux, nous montrons que les approches hybrides combinant des systèmes de corps rigides et des modèles éléments finis permettent d'obtenir des simulations en temps intéractifs, précises, et respectant les principes de l'anatomie et de la mécanique.Notre seconde contribution s'intéresse aux problématiques liées à la complexité des connaissances anatomiques, physiologiques et fonctionnelles. En se basant sur une ontologie de l'anatomie et une ontologie inédite de la physiologie humaine, nous introduisonsun pipeline pour la construction automatique de modèles simulant les fonctions de nos organes.Celles-ci permettent d'exploiter les connaissances anatomiques complexes via des requêtes simples.Les sorties de ces requêtes sont utilisées pour créer des modèles simulables retranscrivant les aspects fonctionnels tels qu'ils ont été formalisés et décrits par les anatomistes.Enfin, notre troisième contribution : le transfert d'anatomie, permet d'adapter les modèles géométriques et mécaniques à la morphologie de patients spécifiques.Cette nouvelle méthode de recalage permet de reconstruire automatiquement l'anatomie interne d'un personnage défini par sa peau en transférant les organes d'un personnage de référence.Elle permet de pallier à la nécessité de re-construire ces géometries pour chaque nouvelle simulation, et contribue ainsi à accélérer la mise en place de simulations spécifiques à une grande variété d'individus de morphologie différenteThe use of virtual humans has spread in various activities in recent years.Beyond virtual surgery, virtual bodies are increasingly used to design medical devices, vehicles, and daily life hardware more generally.They also turn out to be extraordinary supports to learn anatomy.Recent movies (Avatar, Lord of the Rings, etc) demonstrated that anatomy and biomechanics can be used to design high-quality characters.However, reproducing the behavior of anatomical structures remains a complex task, and a great amount and variety of knowledge is necessary for setting up high quality simulations.This makes the modeling of human body for simulation purposes an open problem, a tedious task, but also a fascinating research subject.Through this PhD, we address the problem of the construction of biomechanical models of the musculoskeletal systems for several domains : animation, biomechanics and teaching.Our goal is to simplify the entire process of model design by making it more intuitive and faster.Our approach is to address each difficulty : the representation and use of anatomical knowledge, the geometrical modeling and the efficient simulation of the musculoskeletal system thanks to three novel contributions introduced during these research works.Our first contribution focuses on the biomechanical construction of a hybrid model of lumbar spine.In this work, we show that hybrid approaches that combine both rigid body systems and finite element models allow interactive simulations, accurate, while respecting the principles of anatomy and mechanics.Our second contribution addresses the problem of the complexity of anatomical, physiological and functional knowledge.Based on a novel ontology of anatomical functions of the human body, we introduce a novel pipeline to automatically build models that simulate physiological functions of our bodies.The ontology allows us to extract detailed knowledge using simple queries.The outputs of these queries are used to set up simulation models of the functional aspects as they were formalized and described by anatomists.Finally our third contribution, the anatomy transfer, allows the mapping of available geometrical and mechanical models to the morphology of any specific individual.This novel registration method enables the automatic construction of the internal anatomy of any character defined by his skin, by transferring organs from a reference character.It allows to overcome the need to re-construct these geometries for each new simulation, and it contributes to accelerate the simulations setup for a range of people with different morph
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Shamoto, Yoshiko. "Piano-related Musculoskeletal Disorders: Posture and Pain". Thesis, University of North Texas, 2013. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc271895/.
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A healthy posture protects the body-supporting functions and prevents injuries by maintaining balance. Literature in performing arts medicine suggests that posture is an important component to prevent piano-playing related injuries. However, no known research studies have quantified, characterized, and compared pianists' sitting postures. The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between playing postures and perceived pain among pianists. This study applied innovative approach using qualitative and quantitative methods, combined with three-dimensional motion captured technology. To examine risk factors related pianists' postures, three-dimensional motion-capture cameras recorded approximate 40 pianists' postures in various situations; data recordings were combined with a statistical method to investigate pain-posture correlations. Results reveal that the degrees of head-neck or body tilt angles are the tendency of risk factors for piano-playing related pain. Results from this study may have multiple practical implications among which are: (1) a risk factor pain, injury index, or indicator (2) a performance habits profile and (3) practice guide to prevention of piano-playing related musculoskeletal disorders.
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Brooker, Heather. "Incidence of musculoskeletal injuries in professional dancers". Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/32453.
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Background: Professional ballet dancers focus on the high levels of discipline, perfection and mobility to achieve the fluid, controlled lines of movement presented on the stage. Dancers undergo long hours of strenuous, repetitive training which increases the risk of developing overuse or traumatic injuries and may compromise the longevity of dancers' careers. Relevant research, particularly in the South African context, is needed to provide recommendations on the intrinsic and extrinsic factors contributing to musculoskeletal injuries in professional ballet dancers. Aim: The aim of this study was to determine the incidence of musculoskeletal injuries and their associated risk factors over a three-month period in adult female professional ballet dancers in South Africa. Specific Objectives: The specific objectives of this study were: • To determine the incidence of traumatic and overuse injuries per 1000 dance hours over a three-month training and performance period in South African female professional ballet dancers; • To determine the relationships between a) Functional Lower Extremity Evaluation (FLEE) scores and injury incidence; b) intrinsic factors (amenorrhoea; body mass index; skinfold measurements; caloric intake) and injury incidence; and c) extrinsic factors (training hours; performance hours) and injury incidence respectively, in South African female professional ballet dancers. Methods: This study had a prospective, descriptive design. Eighteen female dancers were recruited from professional dance companies in the Gauteng, Western Cape and North West provinces of South Africa. Data were collected over a three-month period and included a subjective questionnaire, three-day food diary, skinfold measurements and the Functional Lower Extremity Evaluation (FLEE). Injuries were reported using an injury reporting form over the three-month period. Results: Participants had an average age of 22.1 ± 3.0 years. The dancers had an average BMI of 21.4 ± 2.1 kg.m⁻²; LBM of 41.7 ± 4.9 kg and body fat percentage of 24.7% ± 2.9%. Injury incidence was 3.3 injuries per 1000 dance hours with a total of 4605.58 hours reported overall. Of the 15 injuries reported, 13 occurred in the lower limb, with eight in the ankle and foot. Overuse injuries accounted for 93.3% of the total injuries, with only one traumatic injury reported. None of the descriptive characteristics was associated with increased injury risk. The average caloric intake of 1810.0 ± 503.7 calories, while lower than what is recommended for female athletes, also showed no significant relationship to injury. There were also no significant associations between pre-injury FLEE measurements and training loads; and injury incidence over the course of the study. Conclusion: An overall injury incidence of 3.3 injuries per 1000 dance hours was found in professional female ballet dancers in South Africa, which is higher than the injury incidences identified in previous studies in high-income countries. With regards to injury profile, overuse injuries are 86% more prevalent than traumatic injuries among this population type. We were unable to identify any intrinsic or extrinsic risk factors associated with injury incidence; however, we recognise the limitations of the small sample size in this study. With a high level of injury incidence and inconclusive results on injury risk factors, there is a clear need for significant further research in the field of injury prevention in professional ballet dancing. Further, this study identified a strong need for further research in South African dance companies to facilitate injury prevention and management in South Africa.
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Lam, Yuk-ling. "Patterns of musculoskeletal injuries in collegiate dancers /". Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2001. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk:8888/cgi-bin/hkuto%5Ftoc%5Fpdf?B2342543x.
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Brusky, Paula. "Performance Related Musculoskeletal Disorders in Bassoon Players". Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/5136.
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Performance related musculoskeletal disorders (PRMDs) are a frequent reality for practicing musicians. Many aspects of the bassoon make bassoon players particularly susceptible to PRMDs. This thesis explored the prevalence of PRMDs among bassoon players and assessed the frequency, types, and locations of PRMDs. Also identified were treatments used for PRMDs, contributing factors to PRMD development, and the perceptions of the bassoon community regarding PRMDs. The International Bassoonist Questionnaire was distributed via the World Wide Web (n = 166, 58% male, 42% female). Eighty-six percent of bassoon players reported PRMDs. Pain was the most common PRMD symptom reported (78%). Females reported PRMDs (96%) more frequently than males (78%). Younger bassoon players reported more PRMDs. Most bassoon players (88%) were attempting to treat their PRMDs. The most common self-administered treatments were rest (60%) and reducing playing time (53%). Bassoonists attributed the cause of PRMDs to “long hours of practice” and “sudden increase in playing time.” Bassoon players felt strongly that the medical profession did not know how to treat a bassoon related injury. They believed that a knowledgeable teacher was the best resource against the onset of PRMDs even though technical aspects of playing were not identified as significant contributors to PRMDs. The bassoon playing population needs more information about PRMDs in order to develop treatment and prevention strategies.
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Brusky, Paula. "Performance Related Musculoskeletal Disorders in Bassoon Players". University of Sydney, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/5136.
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PhD in PerformancePerformance related musculoskeletal disorders (PRMDs) are a frequent reality for practicing musicians. Many aspects of the bassoon make bassoon players particularly susceptible to PRMDs. This thesis explored the prevalence of PRMDs among bassoon players and assessed the frequency, types, and locations of PRMDs. Also identified were treatments used for PRMDs, contributing factors to PRMD development, and the perceptions of the bassoon community regarding PRMDs. The International Bassoonist Questionnaire was distributed via the World Wide Web (n = 166, 58% male, 42% female). Eighty-six percent of bassoon players reported PRMDs. Pain was the most common PRMD symptom reported (78%). Females reported PRMDs (96%) more frequently than males (78%). Younger bassoon players reported more PRMDs. Most bassoon players (88%) were attempting to treat their PRMDs. The most common self-administered treatments were rest (60%) and reducing playing time (53%). Bassoonists attributed the cause of PRMDs to “long hours of practice” and “sudden increase in playing time.” Bassoon players felt strongly that the medical profession did not know how to treat a bassoon related injury. They believed that a knowledgeable teacher was the best resource against the onset of PRMDs even though technical aspects of playing were not identified as significant contributors to PRMDs. The bassoon playing population needs more information about PRMDs in order to develop treatment and prevention strategies.
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Capell, Jacquelin. "Playing related musculoskeletal disorders in instrumental musicians". Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/16154.
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Cruz, Eduardo José Brazete Carvalho. "Clinical reasoning in musculoskeletal physiotherapy in Portugal". Thesis, University of Brighton, 2010. https://research.brighton.ac.uk/en/studentTheses/5d5210fe-b5d1-4bc6-be38-aa29f91a1178.
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Clinical reasoning refers to the process in which practitioners, interacting with their patients, structure meaning, goals, and health management strategies based on clinical data, patient/client choices, and professional judgment and knowledge (Higgs & Jones, 2000, p. 11). Recent literature in physiotherapy and other allied health professions describes clinical reasoning as moving between cognitive and decision-making processes required to optimally diagnose and manage impairment and physical disabilities (hypothetic-deductive), and those required to understand and engage with patients' experience of disabilities and impairments (narrative reasoning). Clinical reasoning has been described as a universal process, common to all clinicians, in particular in the musculoskeletal area. However, clinical reasoning models emerged from research developed in specific and well-developed health care and professional cultures, such as Australia and United States, but there has been little discussion of their relevance and applicability to other cultural groups. Since research literature concerning physiotherapy in Portugal is almost non-existent, the aims of this study were twofold. The first aim was to explore clinical reasoning processes in a sample of Portuguese expert physiotherapists and secondly, to identify the current perspective of clinical reasoning held by educators and students, and how it is promoted in the undergraduate curriculum. The focus of the study was musculoskeletal physiotherapy. The research was influenced by the interpretative/constructivist paradigm of inquiry. The study consisted of three parts. In part one, the clinical reasoning approach of a sample of Portuguese expert therapists in musculoskeletal physiotherapy was investigated. The study focused on Portuguese clinicians' interaction with their patients in order to define and manage clinical problems. Data was collected through non-participant observation, semi-structured interviews, memos and field notes, and analysed thematically to identify and compare the practice and reasoning approach used. In part two, the generic aspects of undergraduate physiotherapy curricula in Portugal were analysed to provide a first insight of how educational programmes are organized and delivered in Portugal. Then, current musculoskeletal physiotherapy curricula in Portuguese entry-level physiotherapy programs were analysed by a questionnaire survey and documentary analysis. The specific aim was to capture the educational process and actions underlying current educational practice across undergraduate courses. In part three (Study 3 and 4), a sample of musculoskeletal lecturers and a sample of near graduate students were selected against criteria relating to the diversity of institutions that offer undergraduate physiotherapy courses (private versus public institutions) and length of time as a Physiotherapy education provider. Each course was examined from lecturer and student perspectives (through individual interviews and focus groups) to see what kind of clinical reasoning approach were most emphasised in relation to physiotherapy intervention in musculoskeletal conditions. Data were transcribed and subjected to thematic analysis. Findings showed some similar characteristics in the reasoning process of this group of Portuguese expert physiotherapists in the study when compared with other studies in the musculoskeletal physiotherapy field. However, findings also highlighted that Portuguese physiotherapists were more likely to use and value an instrumental approach to clinical practice. There was little evidence of patients sharing their perspectives about their problems or participating in clinical decisions made. An instrumental approach to reasoning and practice was also dominant in current Portuguese musculoskeletal programs as well in educators' and students' perspectives. The focus was on diagnostic and procedural strategies of reasoning with little emphasis on promoting student competences to involve patients in the decision making process. In this sense, the practice and reasoning of this sample could be seen as more instrumental than communicative. Perspectives on clinical reasoning differ between cultures and contexts of practice and this has implications for the quality of health care education and service delivery. This research has identified the current model of clinical reasoning in Portuguese Physiotherapy practice. The findings have significant implications for clinical practice in musculoskeletal physiotherapy, curriculum development, and wider education and health service policy.
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Miguez, Diego. "Ultrasonography for the prediction of musculoskeletal function". Thesis, Manchester Metropolitan University, 2017. http://e-space.mmu.ac.uk/620512/.
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Ultrasound (US) imaging is a well-recognised technique for studying in vivo characteristics of a range of biological tissues due to its portability, low cost and ease of use; with recent technological advances that increased the range of choices regarding acquisition and analysis of ultrasound data available for studying dynamic behaviour of different tissues. This thesis focuses on the development and validation of methods to exploit the capabilities of ultrasound technology to investigate dynamic properties of skeletal muscles in vivo exclusively using ultrasound data. The overarching aim was to evaluate the influence of US data properties and the potential of inference algorithms for prediction of net ankle joint torques. A fully synchronised experimental setup was designed and implemented enabling collection of US, Electromyography (EMG) and dynamometer data from the Gastrocnemius medialis muscle and ankle joint of healthy adult volunteers. Participants performed three increasing complexity muscle movement tasks: passive joint rotations, isometric and isotonic contractions. Two frame rates (32 and 1000 fps) and two data precisions (8 and 16-bits) were obtained enabling analysis of the impact of US data temporal resolution and precision on joint torque predictions. Predictions of net joint torque were calculated using five data inference algorithms ranging from simple regression through to Artificial Neural Networks. Results indicated that accurate predictions of net joint torque can be obtained from the analysis of ultrasound data of one muscle. Significantly improved predictions were observed using the faster frame rate during active tasks, with 16-bit data precision and ANN further improving results in isotonic movements. The speed of muscle activation and complexity of fluctuations of the resulting net joint torques were key factors underpinning the prediction errors recorded. The properties of collected US data in combination with the movement tasks to be assessed should therefore be a key consideration in the development of experimental protocols for in vivo assessment of skeletal muscles.
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Tonelli, Shalome. "Musculoskeletal symptoms among Iowa farmers and farmworkers". Diss., University of Iowa, 2016. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/6314.
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Farmers and farmworkers are at a high risk for development of musculoskeletal symptoms due to the physically demanding nature of their work environment, the repetitive nature of many agricultural tasks, and the time-dependent nature of agricultural work that often requires greater than full-time hours at various times of the year. The purpose of this dissertation was to gain a better understanding of musculoskeletal symptom prevalence in Iowa farmers, examine age-related effects, determine how those symptoms related to safety on the farm, and to determine musculoskeletal symptom prevalence in migrant farmworkers in Iowa on H-2A Visas.
Study data of 438 Iowa farmers was examined retrospectively through a cross-sectional survey that examined musculoskeletal symptoms prevalence, safety scores of the farm environment, and health-seeking behaviors of this population. This study found prevalence rates that varied from 28% (elbow) to 73% (back) with 4.15 (S.D. = 2.75) average painful joints. More farmers in the older age category were in the lower safety category. Significant predictors of seeking healthcare due to musculoskeletal symptoms included arthritis, employee help on the farm, hip pain, or upper back pain.
Migrant farmworkers who were in Iowa on an H-2A Visa for agricultural work were surveyed about their musculoskeletal symptom prevalence at the beginning of their work contract in Iowa. The data from these 180 migrant farmworkers was compared to the National Agricultural Workers Survey. A chart review was completed that provided information about musculoskeletal symptoms throughout the contracted work period and also information about the treatment provided through the non-profit migrant health clinic. Baseline prevalence varied from 1.4% (hip) to 15.9% (neck) with 56 (39.7%) workers reporting 1 or more painful joints. Throughout the contracted work, 33.6% of visits were attributed to musculoskeletal complaints with farmworkers over 35 being 2.5 times more likely to have musculoskeletal complaints (OR = 2.5; 95% CI: 1.1-5.5).
The information from these studies provides support for the need to develop and test interventions to prevent musculoskeletal symptom development in agricultural worker populations.
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Schmidt, Brian Matthew. "Pyschometric Evaluation of the Musculoskeletal Pain Questionnaire for Musicians and the Musculoskeletal Pain Intensity and Interference Questionnaire for Musicians". Thesis, North Dakota State University, 2017. https://hdl.handle.net/10365/28398.
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There is currently no standard method to measure the incidence and prevalence of musculoskeletal injury among musicians. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the validity and reliability for the Musculoskeletal Pain Questionnaire for Musicians (MPQM) and the Musculoskeletal Pain Intensity and Interference Questionnaire for Musicians (MPIIQM) in collegiate musicians. Participants completed a packet containing the MPQM and MPIIQM, with two baseline instruments (SF-36 and QuickDASH). Convergent validity was evaluated using a correlation between the scores of the baseline instruments and the MPQM and MPIIQM. Reliability was evaluated using the split-half method and Cronbach?s alpha. The readability was evaluated with the Flesch-Kincaid score. The MPQM and MPIIQM showed weak correlations to the SF-36 and moderate correlations to the QuickDASH and the sports/performing arts optional module. Both showed strong reliability and good readability. Both should be used with caution in future research.
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Harris, Courtenay. "Musculoskeletal outcomes in children using computers : a model representing the relationships between user correlates, computer exposure and musculoskeletal outcomes". Thesis, Curtin University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/2353.
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The etiology of musculoskeletal outcomes associated with the use of information technology (IT) has predominately been defined by studies of adults in their work environments. Theories explaining the causation of work related musculoskeletal disorders have identified individual user (biomechanical, physiological and psychosocial), task demand, work organization and environmental risk factors. Models based on these theories have subsequently been developed to investigate the causal relationship between IT exposure and outcomes experienced by the user.Computers are an important IT type used by children, and computer use by children is rapidly growing in both school and home environments. Recent literature demonstrates an increase in children’s reports of computer related musculoskeletal outcomes. Children’s computer use appears to be different to adult’s work related computer use. Thus, although many potential risk factors for children may be similar to those for adults, it is proposed that risk factors and models of causal relationships between computer use and musculoskeletal outcomes may vary for children.The main aims of this study were: (1) to investigate children’s computer exposure in their usual occupational environments of school and home; and (2) to develop and test a multivariable model that would assist in understanding relationships between child user correlates, computer exposure and computer related musculoskeletal outcomes.1351 students (792 boys and 559 girls) from eight primary and five secondary schools in Perth, Australia, participated in the study in 2006. Convenience sampling was undertaken within stratified groups, to ensure the sample had the required range of participants from different socioeconomic status (SES) backgrounds, both genders and school Years 1, 6, 9 and 11(approximate ages 6, 9, 14 and 16 years).The study design was cross sectional involving the completion of a questionnaire survey by participants, and for younger participants their parents. Questionnaires contained items relating to the participant and their activity exposure as an individual, within a family context, and within their neighbourhood. Physical measures of height and weight were also collected.The results showed that 100% of children had access to computers at school, and at home 98.9% of children had access to computers, with 95.9% reporting home internet access. The use of different exposure measures demonstrated that at school 97.8% of children had used a computer in the last month, for an average of 2.4 hours per week, commonly for 30-60 minutes in one sitting. At home 95.7% of children had used a computer in the last month, for an average of 7.2 hours per week, commonly for 60 - 120 minutes in one sitting. Computer activities performed more frequently at school were surfing the internet, learning programs and multimedia. At home the most frequent computer activities were surfing the internet and email. Children with bedroom computer access were found to have nearly 50% greater mean weekly hours of use. The use of a range of computer exposure measures (frequency, usual and longest duration, mean weekly hours and frequency of computer activities) provided better characterization of the amount and nature of children’s school and home computer exposure.Age and gender were associated with children’s school and home computer use. Computer use was greater with age for both boys and girls, and boys had greater use than girls across all Year levels for all exposure measures except school usual duration. Children with greater computer exposure were shown to experience less computer anxiety; reported more somatic complaints; had used a broader range of computer activities; had greater exposure to other IT activities (electronic games, TV, mobile phone) and moderate vigorous physical activity. SES was associated with computer exposure, with children from low SES backgrounds having greater home computer exposure, and children from high SES backgrounds having greater school computer exposure.Computer related musculoskeletal outcomes were reported by 10% of children for school computer use and 20% for home computers. The most commonly affected body locations were the neck and back, and 30% of those children reporting outcomes limited their activity participation, 10% took medication and 7% consulted a treating health professional. The use of a range of outcome measures allowed for a better understanding of the impact of children’s computer related musculoskeletal outcomes.Given the significant findings of different relationships between children’s computer exposure patterns at school and home, two models were developed and tested, with one model for school computer exposure and one model for home computer exposure. Path analysis modeling, accounting for user correlates, tested direct relationships and indirect relationships via computer exposure for a range of user correlates. The final school computer exposure model showed direct relationships between gender, somatic complaints, computer exposure and musculoskeletal soreness; and indirect relationships, via computer exposure, between age, computer flow, TV exposure, SES and musculoskeletal soreness. The final home computer exposure model showed direct relationships between gender, age, somatic complaints, computer exposure and musculoskeletal soreness; and indirect relationships, via computer exposure, between age, computer flow, computer anxiety, TV exposure, SES and musculoskeletal soreness.In conclusion, the child specific model tested within this study demonstrated direct relationships between children’s computer exposure and musculoskeletal outcomes. Additionally, direct and indirect relationships were also shown between a range of user correlates, the environment and musculoskeletal outcomes. These findings will assist researchers, teachers and parents to understand the range of potential risk factors for computer related musculoskeletal outcomes. This will also allow researchers to target interventions to child users and their computer environments to ensure children’s computer use is performed in a safe and productive manner.
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Jackson, Felisa. "Prevalence of Musculoskeletal Disorders in Third- and Fourth-Year Dental Students at the University of Health Science Center College of Dentistry". Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2021. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/3925.
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The effects of pain suffered from musculoskeletal disorders by dental professionals may lead to reduced work hours, loss of production, and early retirement. Although third- and fourth-year dental students are provided lectures about musculoskeletal disorders, proper positioning and ergonomics, they are at an increased risk of developing MSD. This study was conducted to evaluate the prevalence on musculoskeletal disorders in third- and fourth-year dental students and to determine if third-year dental students experience more MSD pain than fourth-year dental students at the University of Tennessee Health Science Center College of Dentistry. A total of 50 third- and fourth- year dental students responded to the online questionnaire, 21 third-year dental students and 29 fourth-year dental students. Both third- and fourth-year dental students report experiencing MSD pain over the last twelve months. There was no statistically significant difference between MSD pain felt between third- or fourth-year dental students.
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Wilkin, Linda Diane. "Rehabilitative influence of therapeutic ultrasound treatment on cellular markers of skeletal muscle regeneration following blunt contusion injury /". The Ohio State University, 2002. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1486463321624146.
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Massafra, Gabriele. "Electrospun scaffolds for regeneration of musculoskeletal interface tissues". Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2020. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/21485/.
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L’apparato muscolo scheletrico è composto da strutture muscolari, articolari e ossee. Tali tessuti sono molto diversi tra loro e hanno proprietà meccaniche estremamente variabili, pertanto presentano una transizione graduale in corrispondenza della loro giunzione, onde evitare l’insorgere di concentrazioni di tensione. L’evoluzione ha portato alla formazione di particolari interfacce che permettono la corretta trasmissione dei carichi distribuendo le tensioni su una superficie più ampia in corrispondenza della giunzione. Le interfacce che vanno a inserirsi nell’osso vengono definite entesi e in particolare, in questa review, analizzeremo il caso di quelle tra tendini/legamenti e osso. In questo lavoro ci siamo anche concentrati sulla giunzione miotendinea, ovvero tra muscolo e tendine. Sono numerose le lesioni che riguardano muscoli, ossa, tendini o legamenti e molto spesso l’infortunio avviene a livello della giunzione. Quando ciò accade vi sono diverse strade, ciascuna con i suoi vantaggi e svantaggi: sutura, autograft, allograft o xenograft. Oltre a queste soluzioni si è fatta gradualmente più spazio la possibilità di realizzare degli scaffold che vadano temporaneamente a sostituire la parte danneggiata e a promuovere la sua rigenerazione, degradandosi man mano. L’elettrofilatura (Elettrospinning) è un processo produttivo che negli ultimi decenni si è affermato come tecnica per la fabbricazione di questi scaffold, fino a diventare uno tra i principali processi utilizzati dai ricercatori in questo campo. Questa tecnica infatti permette di realizzare scaffold di nanofibre porose utilizzando polimeri biodegradabili e soprattutto biocompatibili. Lo scopo della review è proprio quello di scoprire tutti i lavori e gli studi che utilizzano l’elettrofilatura per realizzare degli scaffold per interfacce, delineando così lo stato dell’arte sui progressi fatti e sulle varie tecniche utilizzate.
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Coady, D. A. "Which musculoskeletal clinical skills should medical students learn?" Thesis, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.413269.
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Persad, Lomas Shiva. "Musculoskeletal modelling of the shoulder during cricket bowling". Thesis, Imperial College London, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/40383.
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Shoulder injuries affect athletes who participate in overhead sports, such as swimming, baseball or basketball. This is due to the high loading, large range of motion and repetitive nature of the sporting task. Impingement has been identified as the most common cause of shoulder pain in overhead athletes. Cricket bowling involves one of the more complex sporting tasks where the arm goes through a large range of motion during circumduction to project the cricket ball at varying degrees of speed and spin where injury surveillance research estimates that over 20% of cricket injuries are related to the upper limb with the glenohumeral joint being the second most injured site. Similar to other overhead athletes, cricket bowlers have a prevalence of shoulder injury and pain with loss of internal rotation. It is hypothesised that this is due to large distraction forces and muscle imbalance at the glenohumeral joint. A second, specific hypothesis is that bowlers who have greater internal rotation after delivering the cricket ball are more likely to suffer from impingement. The motivation for this study is derived from these hypotheses. The aim of this thesis was to test the hypotheses above and investigate potential shoulder injury risk in cricket bowlers. A full body 3D kinematic analysis of fast and slow bowling actions was conducted and a musculoskeletal model used to investigate joint forces and muscle activations at the shoulder. Technical advances were made in musculoskeletal modelling; these included a new kinematic optimisation routine and improvements in the muscle wrapping method. The performance of a scapula tracker in full speed bowling trials showed good repeatability. There was however, significantly greater posterior/anterior tilt and internal rotation underlining the effect of speed of movement on the scapula tracker that was used. At ball release, the glenohumeral adduction angle for fast bowlers was between 36° - 80° and 59° - 66° for slow bowlers with the humerus externally rotated within a range of 90° - 140° and 71° - 131° for both sets of bowlers respectively. The analysis showed that one potentially vulnerable position was in the region between upper arm horizontal and ball release due to the location of the joint reaction force and its magntiude. A large distraction force was reported for bowlers where the superior shear forces was also a key factor in determining the risk on injuries at the joint. Predicted activation pattern for subscapularis substantiate the risk of impingement injuries due to overuse and fatigue during rotation of the arm from upper arm horizontal to ball release. In addition, internal/external glenohumeral joint torque values were similar for both sets of bowlers with the peak value occuring midway between upper arm horizontal and ball release. Further work should concentrate on the link between technique and musculoskeletal loads and thus allow training to mitigate the risk of shoulder injury.
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Faber, Elske. "Management of sick leave due to musculoskeletal disorders". [S.l. : Rotterdam : s.n.] ; Erasmus University [Host], 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1765/8337.
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Lundberg, Mari. "Kinesiophobia : various aspects of moving with musculoskeletal pain /". Göteborg : Department of Orthopaedics, Institute of Clinical Sciences, The Sahlgrenska Academy at Göteborg University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2077/317.
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