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Artykuły w czasopismach na temat "Musculoskeletal morphology"
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Freemont, AJ, i JA Hoyland. "Morphology, mechanisms and pathology of musculoskeletal ageing". Journal of Pathology 211, nr 2 (styczeń 2007): 252–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/path.2097.
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Orsbon, Courtney P., Nicholas J. Gidmark i Callum F. Ross. "Dynamic Musculoskeletal Functional Morphology: Integrating diceCT and XROMM". Anatomical Record 301, nr 2 (13.01.2018): 378–406. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.23714.
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Samim, Mohammad. "3D MRI Models of the Musculoskeletal System". Seminars in Musculoskeletal Radiology 25, nr 03 (czerwiec 2021): 388–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0041-1730912.
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AbstractComputed tomography (CT) is most commonly used to produce three-dimensional (3D) models for evaluating bone and joint morphology in clinical practice. However, 3D models created from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data can be equally effective for comprehensive and accurate assessment of osseous and soft tissue structure morphology and pathology. The quality of 3D MRI models has steadily increased over time, with growing potential to replace 3D CT models in various musculoskeletal (MSK) applications. In practice, a single MRI examination for two-dimensional and 3D assessments can increase the value of MRI and simplify the pre- and postoperative imaging work-up. Multiple studies have shown excellent performance of 3D MRI models in shoulder injuries, in the hip in the setting of femoroacetabular impingement, and in the knee for the creation of bone surface models. Therefore, the utility of 3D MRI postprocessed models is expected to continue to rise and broaden in applications. Computer-based and artificial intelligence–assisted postprocessing techniques have tremendous potential to improve the efficiency of 3D model creation, opening many research avenues to validate the applicability of 3D MRI and establish 3D-specific quantitative assessment criteria. We provide a practice-focused overview of 3D MRI acquisition strategies, postprocessing techniques for 3D model creation, MSK applications of 3D MRI models, and an illustration of cases from our daily clinical practice.
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van Beesel, Julia, John R. Hutchinson, Jean‐Jacques Hublin i Stephanie M. Melillo. "Exploring the functional morphology of the Gorilla shoulder through musculoskeletal modelling". Journal of Anatomy 239, nr 1 (24.02.2021): 207–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/joa.13412.
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Rankin, Jeffery W., Kelsey M. Doney i Craig P. McGowan. "Functional capacity of kangaroo rat hindlimbs: adaptations for locomotor performance". Journal of The Royal Society Interface 15, nr 144 (lipiec 2018): 20180303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2018.0303.
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Many cursorial and large hopping species are extremely efficient locomotors with various morphological adaptations believed to reduce mechanical demand and improve movement efficiency, including elongated distal limb segments. However, despite having elongated limbs, small hoppers such as desert kangaroo rats ( Dipodomys deserti ) are less efficient locomotors than their larger counterparts, which may be in part due to avoiding predators through explosive jumping movements. Despite potentially conflicting mechanical demands between the two movements, kangaroo rats are both excellent jumpers and attain high hopping speeds, likely due to a specialized hindlimb musculoskeletal morphology. This study combined experimental dissection data with a static analysis of muscle moment generating capacities using a newly developed musculoskeletal model to characterize kangaroo rat hindlimb musculoskeletal architecture and investigate how morphology has evolved to meet hopping and jumping mechanical demands. Hindlimb morphology appears biased towards generating constant moment arms over large joint ranges of motion in this species, which may balance competing requirements by reducing the need for posture and movement specific excitation patterns. The ankle extensors are a major exception to the strong positive relationship exhibited by most muscles between muscle architecture parameters (e.g. L fibre ) and joint moment arms. These muscles appear suited to meeting the high moments required for jumping: the biarticular nature of the ankle extensors is leveraged to reduce MTU strain and create a four-bar linkage that facilitates proximal force transfer. The kangaroo rat hindlimb provides an interesting case study for understanding how morphology balances the sometimes competing demands of hopping and jumping.
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A, Corr S., Gentle M. J, McCorquodale C. C i Bennett D. "The Effect of Morphology on the Musculoskeletal System of the Modern Broiler". Animal Welfare 12, nr 2 (maj 2003): 145–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0962728600025604.
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AbstractThis study compares various morphometric features of two strains of broilers, selected and ‘relaxed’ (ie random-bred), raised under two feeding regimes, ad-libitum-fed and restricted-fed. We consider the possible consequences of the different body shapes on the musculoskeletal system. The ad-libitum-fed selected birds reached heavier bodyweights at younger ages, had wider girths, and developed large amounts of breast muscle which probably displaced their centre of gravity cranially. At cull weight, they had shorter legs than birds in the other groups and greater thigh-muscle masses; therefore, greater forces would have to be exerted by shorter lever arms in order to move the body. The tarsometatarsi were broader, providing increased resistance to greater loads, but the bones had a lower calcium and phosphorus content, which would theoretically make them weaker. Many of these morphological changes are likely to have detrimental effects on the musculoskeletal system and therefore compromise the walking ability and welfare of the birds.
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KIKUCHI, Yasuhiro, Ryuhei KOJIMA, Yuko FUSE, Yuki KINOSHITA, Kenji OKA i FUJINO FUJINO. "Functional interpretation of primate's trunk by studying musculoskeletal morphology and motion analysis". Primate Research 37, nr 2 (3.12.2021): 161–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.2354/psj.37.047.
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King, Heather M., i Melina E. Hale. "Musculoskeletal morphology of the pelvis and pelvic fins in the lungfishProtopterus annectens". Journal of Morphology 275, nr 4 (30.11.2013): 431–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.20225.
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Jopowicz, Robert, Małgorzata Jopowicz, Łukasz Czarnocki, Jarosław Michał Deszczyński i Jarosław Deszczyński. "Current Uses of Ultrasound Imaging in Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation". Ortopedia Traumatologia Rehabilitacja 19, nr 6 (13.12.2017): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0010.7036.
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The term Rehabilitative Ultrasound Imaging (RUSI) refers to the use of ultrasound imaging by physiotherapists. Ultrasound is used by physiotherapists to evaluate the morphology of muscles and other associated soft tissues not only at rest but also for a dynamic assessment of those structures during physical activities and tasks. RUSI is most commonly utilized as part of a biofeedback mechanism, which shows good efficacy in lower back pain treatment. Several possibilities have been also described for clinically adapting this method in the rehabilitation of the shoulder and knee and postoperative improvement of tendons. RUSI is a novel method with a high clinical potential to support physiotherapeutic therapies.
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Fernandez, J., J. Zhang, T. Heidlauf, M. Sartori, T. Besier, O. Röhrle i D. Lloyd. "Multiscale musculoskeletal modelling, data–model fusion and electromyography-informed modelling". Interface Focus 6, nr 2 (6.04.2016): 20150084. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsfs.2015.0084.
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This paper proposes methods and technologies that advance the state of the art for modelling the musculoskeletal system across the spatial and temporal scales; and storing these using efficient ontologies and tools. We present population-based modelling as an efficient method to rapidly generate individual morphology from only a few measurements and to learn from the ever-increasing supply of imaging data available. We present multiscale methods for continuum muscle and bone models; and efficient mechanostatistical methods, both continuum and particle-based, to bridge the scales. Finally, we examine both the importance that muscles play in bone remodelling stimuli and the latest muscle force prediction methods that use electromyography-assisted modelling techniques to compute musculoskeletal forces that best reflect the underlying neuromuscular activity. Our proposal is that, in order to have a clinically relevant virtual physiological human, (i) bone and muscle mechanics must be considered together; (ii) models should be trained on population data to permit rapid generation and use underlying principal modes that describe both muscle patterns and morphology; and (iii) these tools need to be available in an open-source repository so that the scientific community may use, personalize and contribute to the database of models.
Rozprawy doktorskie na temat "Musculoskeletal morphology"
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Jorgensen, Michael E. "Evolution of Anuran Axial and Pelvic Musculoskeletal Traits Associated with Locomotor Modes". Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1385376238.
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Kietrys, David. "The Effects of High Repetition Low Force Motion on Tendon Integrity and Motor Behavior in an Animal Model of Work-related Musculoskeletal Disorders". Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2010. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/73145.
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Physical TherapyPh.D.
The National Occupational Research Agenda stresses the importance of identifying work-related musculoskeletal disorder (WMSD) risk factors, understanding their exposure dependent nature, and identifying strategies to reduce their incidence and severity. We first examined behavioral changes after exposure to a low repetition low force (LRLF) reaching task for 12 weeks in young rats. We observed increased movement reversals in LRLF - week 8, indicative of a decline in fine motor control, and a small decrease in voluntary task participation in LRLF - week 12, compared to controls. This decline was associated temporally with a low-grade increase of macrophages in peripheral nerve and distal forelimb bones that correlated with nociceptive neurochemical increases in the spinal cord. We next examined motor behavior changes in young rats exposed to either a food retrieval high repetition negligible force (HRNF) task or a lever pulling high repetition low force (HRLF) reaching task. We found that both tasks led to motor declines, with more marked declines in fine motor control in the HRNF group. Thus, repetition, rather than the difference in force magnitude between the 2 tasks, appears to be the key factor in the induction of motor declines associated with repetitive motion injuries (RMIs). Also, these findings indicate that activities involving negligible force do not necessarily pose a lower risk than activities involving low force. Factors such as fine motor coordination requirements may even pose greater risks. Also, compared to the LRLF task, the high repetition tasks resulted in more motor performance declines, thus confirming exposure-dependency in the context of RMI. We also explored the effects of HRNF and HRLF tasks on supraspinatus tendon of young adult rats in 6 and 12 weeks. We found a small but non-significant elevation of ED1+ macrophages in 6 weeks. The supraspinatus tendon does not appear to develop as many pathological changes as forelimb flexor tendons (Barbe, et al., 2003) with task performance. Lastly, we examined the effects of performing HRLF tasks in aged rats. We found that aged rats demonstrate both declines in motor performance and pathological tissue changes over the course of 12 weeks of exposure to the HRLF lever pulling task. The observed declines in grip strength in aged trained control and HRLF rats over time suggest that both age and cumulative exposure to the repetitive task are factors in the development of WMSDs. Our findings suggest that additional study of exposure-dependency and risk factors is warranted. Deeper understanding of the relative contributions of various risk factors can help inform prophylactic programs and/or interventions for individuals who are at risk for, or suffer from, WMSDs.
Temple University--Theses
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Subba, Prakrit. "Exploration of the Association between Muscle Volume and Bone Geometry Reveals Surprising Relationship at the Genetic Level". 2020. https://scholarworks.umass.edu/masters_theses_2/995.
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The evolution of jaws in cichlid fishes of the East African Great Lakes is a textbook example of adaptive radiation in vertebrates. Karl Liem postulated that this adaptive radiation has been possible due to the functional decoupling of two cichlid functional units – the pharyngeal jaw (PJ) and the oral jaw (OJ). This functional decoupling of the jaws has enabled the OJ to be relieved of its dual role of prey capturing and processing and has allowed the PJ to take on the role of prey processing. As a result, African cichlids have adapted the morphology of their functional units (i.e., oral jaws) to specialize in a feeding mechanism best suited for their habitat. However, global morphological changes (across the OJ and PJ) are understudied, especially, at the genetic level.
In this study, two rock dwelling species of African Cichlids from Lake Malawi were used - Labeotropheus fuelleborni (LF) and Tropheops “red cheek” (TRC). Both species have distinct craniofacial morphologies for specialized benthic feeding (LF) and for generalized feeding (TRC). This morphological variation allowed us to investigate the functional decoupling of the jaws by studying differences in bone shape and muscle volumes in an F5 hybrid population. Strong phenotypic correlations were observed between and within the tissues of the OJ and PJ. Further, to identify phenotype to genotype associations, a Quantitative Locus (QTL) analysis and a fine mapping analysis was conducted. The results show some evidence of overlapping genetic control (i.e., pleiotropy) suggesting some genetic coupling between the two jaws.
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Rosado, Joana Cristina de Oliveira. "The Portuguese Trail Runner. Musculoskeletal Injuries. Morphologic, Physiologic and Neuromuscular Profile". Doctoral thesis, 2020. https://hdl.handle.net/10216/128013.
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O objetivo do presente trabalho foi o de caraterizar os atletas masculinos de trail running portugueses através de conjunto de parâmetros epidemiológicos, morfológicos, fisiológicos e neurofuncionais. Foram realizados dois estudos transversais, organizados em cinco artigos. O primeiro estudo, teve uma abordagem epidemiológica retrospetiva (12 meses). A amostra foi composta por 403 atletas de TR. Os resultados do artigo 1 revelaram que 72,7% dos atletas tiveram uma lesão musculoesquelética e o nível participativo, influenciou a severidade da lesão, a taxa de lesão e interferiu com a necessidade de parar de correr/treinar pelo menos um dia. A maioria lesões reportadas nas extremidades inferiores localizaram-se nos tornozelos/pés e nos joelhos (artigo 2). Foram identificados como potenciais determinantes de lesão significativa das extremidades inferiores o IMC, o volume de treino semanal e o treino regular em montanha. O segundo estudo, recorreu a uma amostra por conveniência composta por 44 corredores de ultra-trail (UTR) e teve como objetivo traçar um perfil descritivo multidimensional. O artigo 3, realçou que o UTR nacional (UTR-N) apresenta uma menor massa gorda. A avaliação das vias metabólicas (artigo 4) realçou que os UTR-N obtiveram um melhor desempenho aeróbio. Por último (artigo 5), pretendeu avaliar o perfil isocinético dos músculos da articulação do joelho dos UTR e compará-los com 28 atletas de diferentes desportos. A exigência do trabalho excêntrico dos flexores do joelho no UTR, pode explicar os maiores rácios funcionais de extensão e o equilíbrio das razões de força agonista e antagonista. Conclui-se o nível de participação dos atletas de TR pode implicar diferenças na severidade das lesões, na composição corporal e nos valores de aptidão aeróbia. A exigência do trabalho excêntrico dos flexores do joelho, podem explicar os maiores rácios funcionais de extensão, e o equilíbrio das reações de força agonista e antagonista.
Palavras-Chave: TRAIL RUNNING, EPIDEMIOLOGIA, LESÕES MUSCULO-ESQUELÉTICAS, COMPOSIÇÃO CORPORAL, PERFIL FISIOLÓGICO, FORÇA MUSCULAR E RÁCIOS ISOCINÉTICOS.The objective of the present work was to characterize Portuguese male trail runners in a set of epidemiological, morphological, physiological, and neurofunctional parameters. Two cross-sectional studies were performed, organized in five articles. The first study used a retrospective epidemiological approach (12 months). The sample was composed of 403 trail runners. The results revealed that 72.7% of the athletes had a musculoskeletal injury, and their participative level influenced the severity of the injury (Article 1). The majority of injuries reported in the lower extremities were located in the ankles/feet and knees (Article 2). Body mass index, weekly training volume, and regular mountain training were identified as potential determinants of significant lower extremity injuries. The second study used a convenience sample composed of 44 ultra-trail runners (RTU) and aimed to draw a multidimensional descriptive profile. Article 3 emphasized that the national RTUs (RTU-N) have a lower fat mass. The evaluation of metabolic pathways (Article 4) highlighted that the RTU-Ns obtained a better aerobic performance. Finally, the author evaluated the isokinetic profile of the knee joint muscles of RTUs and compare them with 28 athletes from different sports (Article 5). The demand of the eccentric work of the knee flexors in RTUs may explain the higher functional extension ratios and the balance of the agonist and antagonist force ratios. The author concluded that the level of participation of regional trail runners may imply differences in the severity of injuries, body composition, and aerobic fitness values. The demand of the eccentric work of the knee flexors can explain the greater functional ratios of extension as well as the balance of the agonist and antagonist force reactions.
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Rosado, Joana Cristina de Oliveira. "The Portuguese Trail Runner. Musculoskeletal Injuries. Morphologic, Physiologic and Neuromuscular Profile". Tese, 2020. https://hdl.handle.net/10216/128013.
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O objetivo do presente trabalho foi o de caraterizar os atletas masculinos de trail running portugueses através de conjunto de parâmetros epidemiológicos, morfológicos, fisiológicos e neurofuncionais. Foram realizados dois estudos transversais, organizados em cinco artigos. O primeiro estudo, teve uma abordagem epidemiológica retrospetiva (12 meses). A amostra foi composta por 403 atletas de TR. Os resultados do artigo 1 revelaram que 72,7% dos atletas tiveram uma lesão musculoesquelética e o nível participativo, influenciou a severidade da lesão, a taxa de lesão e interferiu com a necessidade de parar de correr/treinar pelo menos um dia. A maioria lesões reportadas nas extremidades inferiores localizaram-se nos tornozelos/pés e nos joelhos (artigo 2). Foram identificados como potenciais determinantes de lesão significativa das extremidades inferiores o IMC, o volume de treino semanal e o treino regular em montanha. O segundo estudo, recorreu a uma amostra por conveniência composta por 44 corredores de ultra-trail (UTR) e teve como objetivo traçar um perfil descritivo multidimensional. O artigo 3, realçou que o UTR nacional (UTR-N) apresenta uma menor massa gorda. A avaliação das vias metabólicas (artigo 4) realçou que os UTR-N obtiveram um melhor desempenho aeróbio. Por último (artigo 5), pretendeu avaliar o perfil isocinético dos músculos da articulação do joelho dos UTR e compará-los com 28 atletas de diferentes desportos. A exigência do trabalho excêntrico dos flexores do joelho no UTR, pode explicar os maiores rácios funcionais de extensão e o equilíbrio das razões de força agonista e antagonista. Conclui-se o nível de participação dos atletas de TR pode implicar diferenças na severidade das lesões, na composição corporal e nos valores de aptidão aeróbia. A exigência do trabalho excêntrico dos flexores do joelho, podem explicar os maiores rácios funcionais de extensão, e o equilíbrio das reações de força agonista e antagonista.
Palavras-Chave: TRAIL RUNNING, EPIDEMIOLOGIA, LESÕES MUSCULO-ESQUELÉTICAS, COMPOSIÇÃO CORPORAL, PERFIL FISIOLÓGICO, FORÇA MUSCULAR E RÁCIOS ISOCINÉTICOS.The objective of the present work was to characterize Portuguese male trail runners in a set of epidemiological, morphological, physiological, and neurofunctional parameters. Two cross-sectional studies were performed, organized in five articles. The first study used a retrospective epidemiological approach (12 months). The sample was composed of 403 trail runners. The results revealed that 72.7% of the athletes had a musculoskeletal injury, and their participative level influenced the severity of the injury (Article 1). The majority of injuries reported in the lower extremities were located in the ankles/feet and knees (Article 2). Body mass index, weekly training volume, and regular mountain training were identified as potential determinants of significant lower extremity injuries. The second study used a convenience sample composed of 44 ultra-trail runners (RTU) and aimed to draw a multidimensional descriptive profile. Article 3 emphasized that the national RTUs (RTU-N) have a lower fat mass. The evaluation of metabolic pathways (Article 4) highlighted that the RTU-Ns obtained a better aerobic performance. Finally, the author evaluated the isokinetic profile of the knee joint muscles of RTUs and compare them with 28 athletes from different sports (Article 5). The demand of the eccentric work of the knee flexors in RTUs may explain the higher functional extension ratios and the balance of the agonist and antagonist force ratios. The author concluded that the level of participation of regional trail runners may imply differences in the severity of injuries, body composition, and aerobic fitness values. The demand of the eccentric work of the knee flexors can explain the greater functional ratios of extension as well as the balance of the agonist and antagonist force reactions.
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Cho, Eunhye. "Effects of interstitial fluid flow and cell compression in FAK and SRC activities in chondrocytes". Thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1805/3663.
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Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI)Articular cartilage is subjected to dynamic mechanical loading during normal daily activities. This complex mechanical loading, including cell deformation and interstitial fluid flow, affects chondrocyte mechano-chemical signaling and subsequent cartilage homeostasis and remodeling. Focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and Src are known to be main mechanotransduction proteins, but little is known about the effect of mechanical loading on FAK and Src under its varying magnitudes and types. In this study, we addressed two questions using C28/I2 chondrocytes subjected to the different types and magnitudes of mechanical loading: Does a magnitude of the mechanical loading affect activities of FAK and Src? Does a type of the mechanical loading also affect their activities? Using fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET)-based FAK and Src biosensor in live C28/I2 chondrocytes, we monitored the effects of interstitial fluid flow and combined effects of cell deformation/interstitial fluid flow on FAK and Src activities. The results revealed that both FAK and Src activities in C28/I2 chondrocytes were dependent on the different magnitudes of the applied fluid flow. On the other hand, the type of mechanical loading differently affected FAK and Src activities. Although FAK and Src displayed similar activities in response to interstitial fluid flow only, simultaneous application of cell deformation and interstitial fluid flow induced differential FAK and Src activities possibly due to the additive effects of cell deformation and interstitial fluid flow on Src, but not on FAK. Collectively, the data suggest that the intensities and types of mechanical loading are critical in regulating FAK and Src activities in chondrocytes.
Książki na temat "Musculoskeletal morphology"
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Aspden, Richard, i Jenny Gregory. Morphology. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199668847.003.0011.
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The study of joint morphology can help us to understand the risk factors for osteoarthritis (OA), how it progresses, and aids in developing imaging biomarkers for study of the disease. OA results in gross structural changes in affected joints. Growth of osteophytes, deformation of joint components, and loss of joint space where cartilage has broken down are all characteristics of the disorder. Certain bone shapes as well as malalignment predispose people to future OA, or may be a marker for early OA. Geometrical measures, such as the alpha angle or Wiberg’s CE angle, used to be the primary tool for investigating morphology. In recent years, however, statistical shape modelling (SSM) has become increasingly popular. SSM can be used with any imaging modality and has been successfully applied to a number of musculoskeletal conditions. It uses sets of landmark points denoting the anatomy of one or more bones to generate new variables (modes) that describe and quantify the shape variation in a set of images via principal components analysis. With the aid of automated search algorithms for point placement, the use of SSMs is expanding and provides a valuable and versatile tool for exploration of bone and joint morphometry. Whilst the majority of research has focused on hip and knee OA, this chapter provides an overview of joint morphology through the whole skeleton and how it has helped our ability to understand and quantify the risk and progression of osteoarthritis.
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Dog Anatomy: A Pictorial Approach to Canine Structure. J. A. Allen & Company, Limited, 1999.
Znajdź pełny tekst źródłaCzęści książek na temat "Musculoskeletal morphology"
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McGavin, M. Donald. "Procedures for Morphologic Studies of Skeletal Muscle, Rat, Mouse, and Hamster". W Cardiovascular and Musculoskeletal Systems, 101–8. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-76533-9_17.
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"Femoroacetabular Impingement Morphology". W Diagnostic Imaging: Musculoskeletal Trauma, 562–67. Elsevier, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-323-39253-2.50137-3.
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Hayashi, Daichi, Ali Guermazi i Frank W. Roemer. "Osteoarthritis of the Upper and Lower Extremity Joints". W Musculoskeletal Imaging Volume 1, redaktor Kevin B. Hoover, 195–99. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190938161.003.0044.
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Chapter 44 discusses osteoarthritis (OA) of the upper and lower extremity joints. Imaging plays an increasingly important role in understanding the disease process of OA of the upper and lower extremities. Radiography is the gold standard in OA imaging and is used for establishing the diagnosis and grading disease severity. Radiography can visualize features of OA, such as osteophytes and joint-space narrowing. MRI can image all relevant osseous and soft tissues within the joints and enables visualization of cartilage morphology and composition.
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Wang, Yi-Xiang. "Noninvasive Evaluation of Knee Cartilage Morphology by Magnetic Resonance Imaging". W A Practical Manual for Musculoskeletal Research, 749–69. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789812794093_0043.
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Wyneken, Jeanette. "The External Morphology, Musculoskeletal System, and Neuro‚ÄìAnatomy of Sea Turtles". W Marine Biology, 39–77. CRC Press, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781420040807.ch2.
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"The External Morphology, Musculoskeletal System, and Neuro-Anatomy of Sea Turtles". W The Biology of Sea Turtles, Volume II, 91–130. CRC Press, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781420040807-7.
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Zupan, Janja. "Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells and Fibroblasts: Their Roles in Tissue Injury and Regeneration, and Age-Related Degeneration". W Fibroblasts - Advances in Inflammation, Autoimmunity and Cancer. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.100556.
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Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) and fibroblasts are present in normal tissues to support tissue homeostasis. Both share common pathways and have a number of common features, such as a spindle-shaped morphology, connective tissue localization, and multipotency. In inflammation, a nonspecific response to injury, fibroblasts and MSC are the main players. Two mechanisms of their mode of action have been defined: immunomodulation and regeneration. Following tissue injury, MSCs are activated, and they multiply and differentiate, to mitigate the damage. With aging and, in particular, in degenerative disorders of the musculoskeletal system (i.e., joint and bone disorders), the regenerative capacity of MSCs appears to be lost or diverted into the production of other nonfunctional cell types, such as adipocytes and fibroblasts. Fibroblasts are stromal cells that provide the majority of the structural framework of almost all types of tissues; i.e., the stroma. As such, fibroblasts also have significant roles in tissue development, maintenance, and repair. In their immunosuppressive role, MSCs and fibroblasts contribute to the normal resolution of inflammation that is a prerequisite for successful tissue repair. In this chapter, we review the common and opposing properties of different tissue-derived MSCs and fibroblasts under physiological and pathophysiological conditions. We consider injury and age-related degeneration of various tissues, and also some immunological disorders. Specifically, we address the distinct and common features of both cell types in health and disease, with a focus on human synovial joints. Finally, we also discuss the possible approaches to boost the complementary roles of MSCs and fibroblasts, to promote successful tissue regeneration.
Streszczenia konferencji na temat "Musculoskeletal morphology"
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Akkaya, Z., A. Gursoy Coruh, E. Peker, B. Gülpinar, A. H. Elhan i G. Sahin. "Preliminary MRI Study on Sacroiliac Joint Anatomy: Does Morphology Matter?" W 26th Annual Scientific Meeting of the European Society of Musculoskeletal Radiology (ESSR). Georg Thieme Verlag KG, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-1692569.
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Rippel, R. A., B. Khan i R. Mansour. "Femoral Trochlea Morphology and Body Mass Index: Is There a Link?" W 29th Annual Scientific Meeting of the European Society of Musculoskeletal Radiology (ESSR). Thieme Medical Publishers, Inc., 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0042-1750671.
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Falkowski, A. L., J. A. Jacobson, V. Kalia, A. Atinga, G. Gandikota i R. G. Thiele. "Prevalence of Pseudoerosions and Morphology of Joint Capsules and Recesses of the Hand and Wrist: Ultrasound Findings in 100 Asymptomatic Volunteers". W 26th Annual Scientific Meeting of the European Society of Musculoskeletal Radiology (ESSR). Georg Thieme Verlag KG, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-1692565.
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Chernak, Laura, i Darryl G. Thelen. "The Use of Ultrasound Elastography to Assess Regional Variations in Tendon Strain". W ASME 2011 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2011-53739.
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Muscle-tendon loading patterns are complex, with computational models suggesting that both muscle and tendinous tissues undergo highly nonuniform deformation patterns [1]. Hence, musculoskeletal tissue injuries may alter both the morphology and mechanical interactions of muscle and tendon, potentially contributing to secondary pathologies. For example, the presence of residual scar tissue following acute strain injury likely alters force transmission across the muscle-tendon junction and contributes to re-injury risk [2]. While visual ultrasonic methods for assessing tendon strain have provided insight into overall tissue mechanics [3], no prior technique has demonstrated the ability to measure strain distributions in vivo. The purpose of the current study was to evaluate the potential use of ultrasound elastography as a tool for measuring in vivo tendon strain patterns. We achieved this purpose by first developing and assessing an elastography-based approach in an ex vivo experimental setup, and then repeating the analysis on pilot ultrasonic data collected in vivo.
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Ali, Adiba, i Yi-Xian Qin. "Inhibition of Bone Loss and Muscle Atrophy by Dynamic Muscle Contractions With Rest Periods in a Functional Disuse Mouse Model". W ASME 2008 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2008-193066.
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Osteoporosis, induced by aging and long-term disuse, often occurs together with muscle loss. Musculoskeletal disuse causes severe physiologic changes and it has been proposed the synergistic effects of muscle function and bone adaptation. Bone fluid flow has been shown to be induced during mechanical loading, and is proposed to be a critical mediator of bone adaptation. The skeletal muscle may serve as a muscle pump that may mediate bone mechanotransduction via modulation of intramedullary pressure. Thus, muscular stimulation is proposed to be used to simultaneously treat both muscle and bone loss, but the optimal parameters required for such treatment is unclear. Studies have separately investigated the optimal signal parameters for bone or muscle. Insertion of recovery periods during high frequency stimulations have shown potential to reduce muscle atrophy by minimizing fatigue and mimicking physiologic contractions, and demonstrated enhancement of bone remodeling. Our preliminary research has indicated that dynamic muscle contractions within an optimal frequency range can significantly recover disuse induced bone loss. However, the optimal rest periods required to prevent muscle fatigue during stimulations are not clear. The overall objective of this study was to evaluate optimized dynamic muscle stimulations at relatively high frequency, e.g., 20 Hz, and to test the role of varying the rest duration on muscle mass and bone morphology in a functional hind limb disuse mouse model.
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Dyment, Nathaniel A., Namdar Kazemi, Lindsey E. Aschbacher-Smith, Nicolas J. Barthelery, Keith Kenter, Cynthia Gooch, Jason T. Shearn, Christopher Wylie i David L. Butler. "The Relationships Among Spatiotemporal Gene Expression, Histology, and Biomechanics Following Full-Length Injury in the Murine Patellar Tendon". W ASME 2011 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2011-53622.
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Tendon and ligament injuries present a considerable socioeconomic impact as close to 50% of the 32 million musculoskeletal injuries in the US per year include these structures [1]. The inadequate healing in these tissues requires novel treatment modalities. Improving tendon tissue engineering dictates that we better understand the process of natural adult tendon healing. Type-I (Col1) and Type-II (Col2) collagens are important structural proteins in tendon as Col1 is the main collagen type found in the tendon midsubstance while Col2 is expressed at the insertion into bone during development, growth, and healing [2–3]. Expression of Col1 and Col2 has typically been analyzed via qPCR, western blotting, and immunohistochemistry (IHC) during healing. However, the temporal expression of these genes is still poorly understood on a cell-by-cell basis. Our lab has previously studied patellar tendon (PT) healing in NZW rabbits [4]. While the NZW rabbit allows for controlled injuries and accurate biomechanical assessment of healing, it lacks the genetic power that is offered in the mouse. Therefore, pOBCo13.6GFPtpz (Col1) and pCol2ECFP (Col2) double transgenic (DT) reporter mice were created to track spatiotemporal gene expression. Thus, the objectives of this study were to monitor changes in: 1) spatiotemporal Col1 and Col2 gene expression patterns, 2) tissue morphology, and 3) healing biomechanics following a full-length, central PT injury in Col1/Col2 DT mice and to compare these natural healing results to contralateral surgical shams and normal PT in age-matched controls.
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Giovanelli, Yonnel, Fréderic Puel, Camélia Mahdi, Arnaud Gouelle i William Bertucci. "Comparative evaluation of cervical exoskeletons using IMUs". W 13th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2022). AHFE International, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1001483.
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Musculoskeletal disorders and pain in the neck and shoulders are commonly reported in workers whose activities imply overhead tasks. Repetitive passive head support or traumatic movements of the neck can cause damage to the ligaments and tendons of this region, with mild to severe long-term consequences. Exoskeletons are one of the solutions to help workers and their evaluation requires scientific methods and protocols to prove their effectiveness and make recommendations (Crea et al., 2021) (De Bock et al., 2022). Cervical exoskeletons could therefore be a valuable ergonomic solution to reduce stress on the neck and shoulders. However, while the growth of exoskeleton technology has led to multiple systems available on the market, it is still difficult to objectively determine which type or model of neck exoskeleton is the best adapted for overhead work and if the user’s perception matches with biomechanical outcomes.In this randomized crossover design study, 8 participants (3 women) performed dynamic and static extensions of the head in sitting position without trunk support for a period of 3 minutes (then 3 minutes of rest) while wearing three different head/neck exoskeletons in comparison with a situation without an exoskeleton. This allowed us to evaluate comfort, utility, usability, safety and impact (AFNOR, 2017) (Giovanelli & Touchard, 2018). A solution, based on synchronized merger of wireless inertial sensors, EMG signals, Polar OH1+ optical heart rate sensor (Hettiarachchi et al., 2019) and videos of the task (Motion CAPTIV, TEA, France) (Peeters et al., 2019) was used to examine joint angles of the head and spine movements, the bioelectrical activity of the sternocleidomastoid muscle and heart rate. Further these biomechanical and physiological outcomes, the perception of intensity was assessed by the Borg scale (Meyer, 2014) : CR10 Scale for the cervical and lumbar spine as well by the Rated Perceived Exertion (RPE) Scale for the global level of activity.The synthesis of this comparative analysis was carried out and compiled in the form of a conceptual basis from the C-K theory (Hatchuel & Weil, 2003) from the analysis of the design logic of exoskeletons.The results of this comparative analysis showed differences in terms of comfort, utility, usability, safety depending on the design logic of the solutions tested, but also depending on the morphology of the testers.
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Schmaranzer, F., R. Helfenstein, G. Zeng, T. D. Lerch, K. Siebenrock, M. Tannast i G. Zheng. "Automatic MRI-based 3D Models of Hip Cartilage Using a 3D U-net-like Fully Convolutional Network for Improved Morphologic and Biochemical Analysis". W 26th Annual Scientific Meeting of the European Society of Musculoskeletal Radiology (ESSR). Georg Thieme Verlag KG, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-1692571.
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Blatt, Joshua, Jacob Kirkendoll, Paavana Krishna Mandava, Zachary Preston, Robert Joyce i Roozbeh (Ross) Salary. "An Image-Based Convolutional Neural Network Platform for the Prediction of the Porosity of Composite Bone Scaffolds, Fabricated Using Material Extrusion Additive Manufacturing". W ASME 2022 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2022-95044.
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Abstract The overarching goal of this research work is to fabricate biocompatible, porous bone scaffolds that are not only mechanically robust but also dimensionally accurate for the treatment of osseous fractures, defects, and musculoskeletal diseases. In pursuit of this goal, the objective of the work is to develop an image-based intelligent platform, based on convolutional neural network, for prediction of the functional properties (such as porosity, stiffness, and compressive strength) of composite bone scaffolds (composed of polyamide, polyolefin, and cellulose fibers) fabricated using fused deposition modeling (FDM) process. FDM is a material extrusion additive manufacturing process, which has been extensively utilized for the fabrication of a wide range of biological tissues and constructs for tissue engineering applications. As a high-resolution method, FDM allows for deposition of composite materials with complex formulations as well as complex porous microstructures. Despite the advantages and engendered applications, the FDM process is inherently complex; the complexity of the process is, to a great extent, the result of complex physical phenomena (such as non-Newtonian material deposition, layer fusion, and phase change) in addition to unavoidable material-process interactions (e.g., molten polymer flow deposition and subsequent layer fusion vs. translation speed). Besides, there is a wide spectrum of scaffold design, composite material, and fabrication process parameters (such as molten polymer viscosity, scaffold morphology, nozzle diameter, deposition temperature, and forced convection rate influencing solidification rate) contributing to the complexity of the FDM process. As a result, investigation of the impact of consequential design, material, and process parameters as well as their interactions would be required for optimal fabrication of mechanically strong, dimensionally accurate, and porous composite bone scaffolds. In this study, an image-based convolutional neural network (CNN) platform is presented with the aim to intelligently learn the complex dynamics of composite material deposition and ultimately predict scaffold porosity. In this study, the CNN model is trained on the basis of monochromatic images acquired from FDM-fabricated bone scaffolds via a high-resolution charge-coupled device (CCD) camera. The bone scaffolds were fabricated based on a medical-grade composite material, deposited using a converging microcapillary nozzle having a diameter of 800 μm with a deposition temperature, translation speed, and layer height of 225 °C, 15 mm/s, and 400 μm, respectively. The CNN model is utilized for in-process prediction of the morphological properties of the fabricated bone scaffolds. Overall, the outcomes of this study pave the way for smart, patient-specific fabrication of robust and porous bone scaffolds with tunable medical and functional properties.
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Zhang, Qingwei, Ioannis Neitzel, Vadym N. Mochalin, Isabel Knoke, David M. Wootton, Yury Gogotsi, Peter I. Lelkes i Jack G. Zhou. "PLLA-Nanodiamond Composites and Their Application in Bone Tissue Engineering". W ASME 2010 First Global Congress on NanoEngineering for Medicine and Biology. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/nemb2010-13336.
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Nanodiamond (ND) is an attractive nanomaterial for reinforcement of polymers [1] due to the ND’s superior mechanical and chemical properties, and low biotoxicity. A novel composite material has been produced for bone scaffolds utilizing the biodegradable polymer, poly(L-lactic acid) (PLLA), and octadecylamine-functionalized nanodiamond (ND-ODA) [2]. Composites were prepared by admixing to a PLLA/chloroform solution chloroform suspensions of ND-ODA at concentrations of 0, 1, 3, 5, 7, and 10 (w/w). Dispersion of ND-ODA in the composites was studied by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The lower-resolution TEM micrograph of 1% wt ND-ODA/PLLA film (Fig. 1a) shows nanodiamond particles dispersed in PLLA film on amorphous carbon support. Due to long hydrocarbon chains of ODA the ND-ODA particles have good wettability with the PLLA so there is no segregation of ND-ODA and PLLA, and the polymer completely surrounds the particles. The high-resolution TEM image (Fig. 1b) shows ND crystals with attached organic material that can be ODA or PLLA. Nanoindentation tests show that the mechanical strength of ND-ODA/PLLA composites improves upon addition of ND (Table 1). Even at low concentrations (1% wt) the ND-ODA increased the hardness of the composite by 60% and Young’s modulus by 20% over neat PLLA. Based on our preliminary observations, we conclude that further additions of ND-ODA resulted in smaller changes with subsequent saturation in the mechanical properties at ∼7% wt (see Table 1). ND is relatively novel nanomaterial. Establishing its biocompatibility requires further studies, especially for modified ND. We studied the biocompatibility of 5–10nm ND and ND-ODA in experiments with a murine osteoblast cell line (7F2, from ATCC). Incubation of a cultured osteoblasts with 1–100μg/ml of ND or ND-ODA particles for 4 hours did not show much influence on the cell viability (Fig. 2), as inferred from an alamarBlue™ assay. To test the feasibility of ND-ODA/PLLA as a matrix material supporting cell growth, osteoblasts were cultured on the composites for 6 days. The attactment and proliferation of 7F2 cells on the scaffolds were assessed, respectively, by fluorescent nuclear staining with Hoechst 33258 and the alamarBlueTM assay. Our results showed that the addition of ND-ODA had only a negligibly small effect on cell proliferation, which is indicative of good biocompatibility of the composites (Fig. 3). The morphology of 7F2 cells growing on all ND-ODA/PLLA composite scaffolds was assessed by SEM. The data (not shown) confirm that the osteoblasts spread on the scaffolds similar to their spreading on TCP (tissue culture plastic). To summarize, the improved mechanical properties of the PLLA/ND-ODA composites and their good biocompatibility suggest that these materials may be suitable for applications in musculoskeletal tissue engineering.