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Baptista, Luciane Pansardi Cabreira. "Variabilidade na produção de embriões: Mus domesticus domesticus". reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/5624.
Pełny tekst źródłaCheuiche, Zilah Maria Gervasio. "Vitrificação de embriões Mus domesticus domesticus envazados em microcapilares de quartzo". reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/36859.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe aim of the experiment was to determine the survival rates after vitrification of mice blastocysts exposed to two different associations of cryoprotectants and loaded in quartz microcapillaries (QCM) or glass microcapillaries (GMP) and, later, to compare the embryo survival rates obtained with murine blastocysts loaded into QMC with two internal diameters (0.1 mm or 0.2 mm). In experiment 1, the murine blastocysts were collected on day 4 of development and morphologically selected and randomly divided into six groups. Group 1 (control 1): not vitrified blastocysts cultured into KSOM drops immediately after collection. Group 2: embryos exposed for 1 minute at 10% PROH, 10% EG, 0.5% PVA in PBSm(ES1) and after exposed to 20% PROH, 20% EG, 0.5% PVA in PBSm (VS1) within 30 seconds, then loaded in QMC. Group 3: the same to group 2 however loaded in GMP. Group 4: exposed to 10% DMSO, 10% EG, 0.5% PVA in PBSm(ES2) and after exposed to 20% DMSO, 20% EG, 0.5% PVA in PBSm(VS2), loaded in QMC. Group 5: the same to group 4 however loaded in GMP. After exposure to vitrification solutions, the capillaries were immediately immersed in LN2. Group 6 (Control 2): not vitrified embryos placed in culture only after the end of vitrification of the treated groups. The second experiment consisted of the following groups: Group 1 (control 1) embryos transferred to culture immediately after collection; Group 2: embryos loaded in QCM with 0.1 mm internal diameter, and Group 3: embryos loaded in QCM with 0.2 mm internal diameter diameter, and Group 4 (control 2): not vitrified embryos placed in culture only after the end vitrification procedures. Groups 2 and 3 were exposed to ES2 and VS2 and later loaded in QMC 0.1 or 0.2 mm in diameter, immediately immersed in LN2. Blastocysts were warmed by exposure to 0.25 M sucrose in PBSm at 37 °C for 5min to remove the cryoprotectant. After warming, the embryos were transferred to 100 μL drops of KSOM during 72 hours. Hatching rates were observed in groups of experiment 1 were: G1: 83.07% (54/65), G2: 47.3% (23/49), G3: 38.4% (20/52), G4: 60.4% (29/48), G5: 41.1 (21/51), G6: 77.4% (55/71). In the second experiment, the blastocyst hatching rates were: G1: 82.5% (33/40), G2: 55.3% (17/31), G3: 58.5% (22/38), G4: 82% (41/50). The results observed in both experiments showed no significant difference in embryo hatching rates among the experimental groups, but all were inferior (P>0.05) to controls. The vitrification solutions used, the GMP and the QCM at two diameters tested provided similar embryo survival rates.
Forestier, Tatiana. "Environnement socio-olfactif et choix alimentaires chez la souris domestique, Mus musculus domesticus". Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018USPCD003/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe ecological success of the house mouse, Mus musculus domesticus, implies a great capacity to adapt its diet to available food resources. The social transmission of food preference (STFP) is an adaptive type of learning observed in rodents allowing them to enlarge their food repertoire at lower risk by getting olfactory information on novel food sources from conspecifics. This social learning takes place directly, during an encounter with a conspecific or indirectly, via olfactory marks. The objective of this thesis work was to determine how mice use their socio-olfactory environment to make food choices. Our results revealed that the absence of the conspecific during the indirect STFP reduces the social constraints associated with an encounter and allows the acquisition of STFP between unfamiliar conspecifics. However, some physical constraints associated with the perception of information in feces may reduce the availability of food information. We also showed that different sex concerns of individuals may affect the prioritization of information present in feces and limit, in males, the acquisition of STFP. Our results suggest that the use of food information in mice varies according to their social and ecological context and involves different processes such as emotion and attention. Under natural conditions, the direct and indirect STFP could be complementary, each of them extending the conditions for the transmission of food information in rodents
Costa, Alexandre Aiquel Vaz. "Vitrificação de embriões Mus domesticus domesticus envasados em palheta convencional dotada de haste metálica". reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/12698.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe aim of this experiment was determine the Mus domesticus domesticus blastocysts survival rates after vitrification in straws containing a metallic stick, that allows to increase the temperature changes among the nitrogen and the embryo sample. Day 4 Mus domesticus domesticus blastocysts were collected from superovulated donnors and after morphologically evaluation were randomly divided in three groups. The embryos select as control group were transferred to KSOM medium drops and in vitro cultured during 48 hours. The crioperservation selected embryos were first exposed to a cryoprotective solution (modified PBS + 10% ethylene-glycol and 10% propylene-glycol) to promote embryo cell dehydration and after exposed during 25 seconds to the vitrification solution composed by modified PBS + 20% ethylene-glycol and 20% propylene-glycol, and immediately plunged into slush liquid nitrogen. The embryo survival rate in group vitrified in the straws containing the metallic stick (56,21% - 86/153) was significantly different from the observed in the group loaded in original straws (18,84% - 26/138). In conclusion, the presence of the metallic stick in contact with the sample was efficient to enhance more suitable survival rates after vitrification of Mus domesticus domesticus blastocysts loaded in 0,25 mL straws.
Masterson, Dawn E. "Infanticide and parental care in mice Mus musculus domesticus". Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.241418.
Pełny tekst źródłaOsuna, Alexander Nivia. "Sobrevivência in vitro de blastocistos Mus domesticus domesticus vitrificados em macro ou microvolume de crioprotetor". reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/13372.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe development of efficient vitrification protocols for mammalian embryos still is a challenge for reproductive biologists. Low toxicity cryoprotectant solutions and safe vitrifications procedures that allow sample identification and sanitary control are fundamental factors. Two experiments were conducted to determine the survival rate of vitrified Mus domesticus domesticus embryos loaded into straws containing a metallic piece (manufactured in gold), using cryoprotectant solutions described for microvolume vitrification procedures. In Experiment 1, the toxicity of the dehydratation solution (SD: PBSm +10% EG + 10% PROH + 0,5 M sucrose) was evaluated using three different embryo exposure times: 1 (T1), 3 (T2) or 10 min (T3), in addition as well as the toxicity of the vitrification solution (SV: PBSm + 20% EG + 20% PROH) was also tested upon embryo exposure for 25, 60 or 180 sec, previously dehydration for 1 or 3 min. In Experiment 2, the use of macrovolume (straw with a stem of gold) or microvolume (glass micropipettes – GMP) was evaluated for the vitrification of blastocysts after exposure to SV for 25 sec and previous dehydration for 1 or 3 min. Data were analized by the Chi-square test (P<0,05). In Experiment 1, statistical differences were not observed between hatching rates of dehydrated embryos: T1=68.0% (38/56), T2=72.0% (36/50), T3=71.0% (39/55) and control group embryos, (74.0% - 48/65). However, a significant difference (P <0,05) was observed between hatching rates after embryos exposure to the SV. Embryos dehydrated for 1 or 3 min and exposed for 25 sec to the SV showed higher re-expansion (79.0% vs. 84.0%) and hatching rates (58.0% vs. 72.0%) than embryos exposed to SV for 60 or 180 sec. In Experiment 2, after vitrification of the embryos loaded into straws containing a metallic piece showed a hatching rate of 16.0% (10/64) when previouslly dehydrated for 1 min, and 4.0% (2/57) when for 3 min. On the other hand, embryos loaded into GMP, previouslly dehydrated for 3 min, showed a higher hatching rate, (60.0% - 52/60). Embryo vitrification using a cryoprotectant solution described as suitable for microvolume was not efficient to cryoprotect blastocysts loaded into macrovolume straws containing a metallic piece.
Firman, Renee C. "The evolutionary implications of polyandry in house mice (Mus domesticus)". University of Western Australia. School of Animal Biology, 2008. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2008.0162.
Pełny tekst źródłaJones, Catherine S. "Mitochondrial DNA variation in British house mice (Mus domesticus, Rutty)". Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.426183.
Pełny tekst źródłaAssaf, Sabrina Silveira. "Vitrificação de embriões Mus domesticus domesticus contidos em volumes diferentes de 9,0 m de etileno glicol". reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/1921.
Pełny tekst źródłaThis work was performed with Mus domesticus domesticus embryos to verify the in vitro viability of vitrified embryos using differents volumes of ethylene glycol–based solution. The experiment I consisted of four treatments. The 881 collected embryos were arranged as follows: treatment 1(control): 307 fresh embryos were cultured in vitro in PBSm + 0.4% BSA without being exposed to either dehydration or cryoprotectants agents; treatment 2: 292 embryos were loaded into 0.25 mL french straws containing 10% glycerol + 0.4% BSA in PBSm and after 10 minutes the straws were submitted to the rapid-freezing procedure (Biocool®, controlled freezer); treatment 3:138 embryos were exposed during 2 minutes to a dehydration solution (10% ethylene glycol + 6% BSA in PBSm) and then transferred to the vitrification solution (50% ethylene glycol + 6% BSA in PBSm) in teflon wire with 0.4 mm diameter, 2 cm length and 0.05 mm thickness containing the drop of 1μL volume, and placed into stainless steel box for the storage in LN2; treatment 4:144 embryos were exposed to a dehydration solution (10% ethylene glycol + 6% BSA in PBSm) and after 2 minutes were transferred to the teflon wire, that was previousily loaded with 1μL of the vitrification solution (50% ethylene glycol + 6% BSA in PBSm). Finally, the teflon wires were placed into plastic globets attached to aluminum canes and maintained in LN2. After thawing, the embryos were serially washed in PBSm, and then cultured in PBSm supplemented with 0.4% BSA. The hatched blastocyst rates observed in the treatments were: T1=76.29% (245/307); T2=41.05% (117/292); T3=37.98% (54/138) and T4=26.78% (37/144). In the second experiment, 747 embryos were arranged as follows: treatment 1(control): consisted of 80 fresh embryos cultured in vitro in KSOM medium + 0.4% BSA without being exposed to either dehydration or cryoprotectants agents; treatment 2: 334 embryos were loaded into 0.25 mL french straws containing 10% glycerol + 0.4% BSA in PBSm and after 10 minutes the straws were submitted to the rapid-freezing procedure (Biocool®, controlled freezer); treatment 3: 333 embryos were exposed during 2 minutes to a dehydration solution (10% ethylene glycol + 0.4% BSA in PBSm) and then transferred to the eppendorf tubes loaded with the vitrification solution (50% ethylene glycol + 0.4% BSA in PBSm). After in vitro culture, the hatched blastocysts rates observed were: T1=88.75% (71/80); T2=40.44% (141/334) and T3=19.70% (66/333). Based on these results it is concluded that the embryos of Mus domesticus domesticus submitted to vitrification procedure after being exposed to 9.0 M of ethylene glycol – based solution and loaded in teflon wires were efficient to promote satisfactory embryo survival rates. The survival rate of Mus domesticus domesticus embryos was independent of the LN2 storage procedure. The vitrification procedure after being exposed to 9.0 M of ethylene glycol – based solution and loaded in eppendorf tubes were not efficient to promote high embryo survival rate, but to warrant the embryo’s biologically security during storage in liquid nitrogen.
Gray, Samantha Jane. "The effects of habitat structure on the social behaviour of house mice : (Mus domesticus and Mus spretus)". Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.338523.
Pełny tekst źródłaHoule-Leroy, Philippe. "Impacts physiologiques d'une sélection visant à accroître la course volontaire chez la souris domestique, Mus domesticus". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ44720.pdf.
Pełny tekst źródłaVillamil, Paula Rodriguez. "Vitrificação de blastocistos mus domesticus domesticus expostos à solução crioprotetora com dimetilformamida e envase em microcapilares produzidos industrialmente". reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/16240.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe aims of these experiments were first, determine the effect of dimethylformamide (DF) into cryoprotectant solutions and sencondly, evaluated the in vitro viability of blastocyst Mus domesticus domesticus vitrified into glass microcapillaries (Brand®). The first article described the efficiency of DF in association with ethylene glycol (EG) and 1-2 propanediol (PROH) on in vitro viability of vitrified mouse blastocysts. Initially, the differents cryoprotectant solutions were tested on its capacities to induce virification. In the second experiment to determine the cryoprotectant toxicity the embryos were exposed during 1, 3 and 10 min to three different equilibrium solutions ES1 (PBSm + 10% PROH+ 10% DF + 0.5% PVA), ES2 (PBSm+10% EG+ 10% DF + 0.5% PVA), ES3 (PBSm + 10% PROH + 10% EG + 0.5% PVA). After 72 hours of in vitro culture in KSOM medium, re-expansion and hatching rates showed no differences among the tested cryoprotectant solutions for 1 or 3 min exposition interval time. However, for the 10 min exposition interval time, ES3 was more effective to promote embryo survival than the others tested cryoprotectant solutions. In the third experiment, blastocysts were vitrified after been exposed to one of the equilibrium solutions (ES1, ES2 or ES3) during 1 min. After that the embryos were transferred to one of the vitrification solutions (VS1 = PBSm + 20% PROH + 20% DF+ 0.5% PVA; VS2 = PBSm + 20% EG+ 20% DF+ 0.5% PVA and VS3 = PBSm + 20% EG+ 20% PROH+ 0.5% PVA) during 30 s, loaded into glass micro pipettes (GMPs) to be plungged into super-cooled liquid nitrogen. The GMPs were thawed in air during 10 s, transferred into drops of PBSm + 0,25 M sucrose at 37 °C for 5 min, and finally transferred to KSOM medium for in vitro culture. After 72 hours the expansion and hatched rates were evaluated. Results demonstrated a significantly difference between the vitrification solutions, showing better hatching rates the embryos vitrified into the ES3/EV3 solution. Therefore, these data shows that the cryoprotectants solutions containning dimethylformamide have deleterious effects on the developmental competence of vitrified mouse blastocysts, and the highest expansion and hatching rates were obtained when the cryoprotectant solution containning an EG and PROH association. The purpose of the second study was to determine the in vitro expansion and hatching rates of vitrified mouse blastocysts loaded into commercially available glass micro-capillaries (GMC - Brand® 5µL). In the early morning at day 4 of the pregnancy, collected blastocysts were divided in three groups: Control: embryos were in vitro culture during 72 hours into KSOM medium; Group 1, blastocyst vitrified into glass micropipettes (GMP); Group 2, blastocyst vitrified into GMC. The embryos were first exposed to the equilibrium solution (PBSm + 10% EG + 10% PROH + 0.5% PVA) for 1 min and then transferred into the vitrification solution (PBSm + 20% EG + 20% PROH + 0.5% PVA) for 30 sec. Blastocysts were loaded into GMP or GMC and plunged into super-cooled liquid nitrogen. Embryo warming was carried out by plunging the narrowest end of the capillaries into droplets of 0.25 M sucrose mantained at 37°C. After 5 min, embryos in vitro culture into KSOM medium for 72 hours. Blastocyst survival rates did not show significant differences between the groups. The tested manufacturated GMC (Brand®) showed the same efficiency as the GMP to load mouse blastocysts for vitrification.
Cromie, Anthea Alexandra. "Behavioural and physiological counter-strategies to infanticide in mice (Mus musculus domesticus)". Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.241423.
Pełny tekst źródłaLange, Mateus da Costa. "Vitrificação de diferentes estádios embrionários de Mus domesticus domesticus envasados em microvolume e expostos ao nitrogênio líquido A-200ºC". reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/14065.
Pełny tekst źródłaManolakou, Ekaterini. "Etude multilocus d'interactions génomiques entre les sous-espèces "Mus musculus musculus" et "Mus musculus domesticus" à partir des croisements contrôlés". Montpellier 2, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996MON20136.
Pełny tekst źródłaPorcherie, Adeline. "Susceptibilité aux parasites des hybrides entre "Mus musculus" et "Mus musculus domesticus" : origine du phénomène et rôle dans la contre-sélection des hybrides". Montpellier 2, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005MON20083.
Pełny tekst źródłaSans, Fuentes Maria Assumpció. "Estudio biológico de "Mus domesticus", Rutty 1772, en una zona de polimorfismo Robertsoniano". Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/788.
Pełny tekst źródłaLas zonas de polimorfismo Robertsoniano son lugares potenciales de especiación, ya sea por un proceso de reforzamiento, o bien por una disminución del flujo genético causada por una reducción en la recombinación a nivel pericentromérico en los cromosomas Robertsonianos. Es por ello importante estudiar aquellos aspectos que pueden determinar un aislamiento genético entre las poblaciones que forman estas áreas. En este marco, los objetivos de la presente tesis fueron: 1) realizar un estudio exhaustivo de la estructura poblacional referente a la presencia de estas fusiones; 2) determinar cómo afecta la heterocigosidad estructural de las translocaciones Robertsonianas a nivel reproductivo en ejemplares pertenecientes a esta zona de polimorfismo cromosómico; 3) valorar el grado de aislamiento genético entre diferentes grupos cromosómicos mediante un estudio comparado de morfología craneana y post-craneana; 4) determinar las posibles relaciones entre el cariotipo y el comportamiento de los animales.
Los resultados obtenidos mostraron que las poblaciones de ratón doméstico ubicadas en la provincia de Barcelona y alrededores forman una zona de polimorfismo Robertsoniano, no pudiendo considerar este conjunto poblacional como una zona híbrida, puesto que no ha sido detectada ninguna raza cromosómica. Las poblaciones de esta área funcionan como unidades panmíticas separadas. Se puso en evidencia la existencia de una nueva fusión, Rb(7.17), no descrita previamente en ninguna población Robertsoniana de la especie. La notable extensión de esta zona (5000 km2) sugiere que la eficacia biológica de los individuos portadores de translocaciones no está severamente afectada. En la línea de células germinales masculinas se apreció una mayor muerte celular en aquellos ejemplares con fusiones Robertsonianas, especialmente cuando más de una translocación ha estado presente en heterocigosis estructural. Se detectó un patrón general en el cambio de forma relacionado con la heterocigosidad estructural y el número cromosómico, aunque dicha variación de forma es de carácter moderado. La diferenciación morfológica de los animales estándar respecto a los ejemplares que presentan polimorfismo Robertsoniano, sugiere un aislamiento genético de estos últimos. La existencia de diferenciación genética dentro de la zona de polimorfismo Robertsoniano vino también avalada por las diferencias significativas detectadas en la pauta de comportamiento, estudiada mediante el patrón diario de la actividad motora (variable regulada por el sistema circadiano). Respecto a esta variable se obtuvo que las fusiones Robertsonianas no afectan a las principales características del reloj circadiano pero sí a la modulación ultradiana del ritmo circadiano. El patrón de actividad motora se mostró como una variable apropiada para la discriminación entre grupos de ratones diferenciados cromosómicamente.
Se concluye que las fusiones Robertsonianas presentes en esta zona han contribuido a la diferenciación morfológica y etológica entre las poblaciones que la forman, circunstancia que sugiere la existencia de diferencias genéticas entre ellas. De aquí se desprende que la zona de polimorfismo presente en la provincia de Barcelona y en sus inmediaciones constituye un escenario muy apropiado para estudiar aspectos relacionados con el proceso de especiación
Roberts, David G. "The behavioural endocrinology of infanticide and parental care in mice (Mus musculus domesticus)". Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.241500.
Pełny tekst źródłaRich, Tracey. "Functions and mechanisms of scent mark communication in the house mouse (Mus domesticus)". Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.243643.
Pełny tekst źródłaBelkhir, Khalid. "Différenciation chromosomique et évolution chez "Mus musculus domesticus" : cas des souris robertsoniennes d'Alsace". Montpellier 2, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991MON20161.
Pełny tekst źródłaDean, Matthew, Geoffrey Findlay, Michael Hoopmann, Christine Wu, Michael MacCoss, Willie Swanson i Michael Nachman. "Identification of ejaculated proteins in the house mouse (Mus domesticus) via isotopic labeling". BioMed Central, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/610018.
Pełny tekst źródłaJacquot, Catherine. "Compétition et approvisionnement alimentaire chez 2 souches de souris domestique, Mus m. Domesticus (DDO) et Mus m. Musculus (MDH) : inteactions entre mâles et effet des odeurs sociales". Paris 13, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA132016.
Pełny tekst źródłaDerothe, Jean-Marc. "Parasitisme et évolution hôte : approche expérimentale de la susceptibilité des hybrides entre les souris "Mus musculus musculus" et "Mus musculus domesticus"". Montpellier 2, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999MON20120.
Pełny tekst źródłaPalmer, Christianne Louise. "A chromosomal hybrid zone of the house mouse (Mus musculus domesticus) in northern Scotland". Thesis, University of York, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.245903.
Pełny tekst źródłaHumphries, Richard Edward. "Investigations into possible behavioural resistance in inner-city house mice (Mus domesticus Rutty) in the U.K". Thesis, University of Reading, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.283631.
Pełny tekst źródłaTattersall, Francoise. "The ecology of the housemouse, Mus domesticus, with particular reference to interaction with the woodmouse, Apodemus sylvaticus". Thesis, University of Reading, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.317696.
Pełny tekst źródłaGündüz, Islam. "Evolutionary genetics of the house mouse (Mus musculus domesticus) with particular emphasis on chromosomal and mitochondrial DNA variation". Thesis, University of York, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.369328.
Pełny tekst źródłaPocock, Michael James Orlando. "The spatial population dynamics of house mice (Mus musculus domesticus) with reference to the potential transmission of zoonoses". Thesis, University of York, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.369343.
Pełny tekst źródłaChristophe-Ligonnière, Nathalie. "Echanges possibles entre les deux sous-especes de souris, mus musculus musculus et mus musculus domesticus et leurs hybrides : etude du role des comportements sociaux et des preferences sexuelles". Paris 13, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA132023.
Pełny tekst źródłaKrebs-Wheaton, Rebecca [Verfasser]. "The influence of personality on territory use and fitness in western house mice (Mus musculus domesticus) / Rebecca Krebs-Wheaton". Kiel : Universitätsbibliothek Kiel, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1150704365/34.
Pełny tekst źródłaMuñoz, Muñoz Francesc. "Estudio de la variación morfológica en una zona de polimorfismo Robertsoniano de ratón doméstico, Mus musculus domesticus (Schwarz y Schwarz, 1943)". Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/32177.
Pełny tekst źródłaValente, Ana Sofia Bonito de Figueiredo. "Helmintofauna gastrointestinal e hepática do ratinho-caseiro (Mus musculus domesticus) do Arquipélago da Madeira : potencial zoonótico e importância em sanidade animal". Master's thesis, Universidade de Lisboa. Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/11093.
Pełny tekst źródłaOs roedores são reservatórios de diversas espécies parasitas com um importante impacto em saúde humana e animal. O ratinho-caseiro (Mus musculus domesticus), devido aos seus hábitos comensais e proximidade a populações humanas, é uma das espécies mais problemáticas no que respeita a disseminação de parasitas zoonóticos. Nas ilhas da Madeira e de Porto Santo, este risco é amplificado pelas elevadas densidades populacionais e pela estreita relação de proximidade com os humanos e produtos agrícolas. Neste estudo, foi analisada pela primeira vez a parasitofauna destas populações insulares de roedores. Os sistemas digestivos e fígados de 200 ratinhos, 161 da Madeira e 39 de Porto Santo, foram processados para pesquisa de lesões e parasitas, sendo que 182 (91,0%) foram positivos. Na Madeira, 89,4% dos animais foram positivos e em Porto Santo 97,4%. O tremátode Brachylaima sp. foi identificado no intestino delgado de 2,0% da amostra (4/200). O metacéstode Cysticercus fasciolaris foi identificado nos fígados de 24,0% dos ratinhos (48/200) e Cysticercus sp. em 12,5% (25/200), de ambas as ilhas. O céstode Hymenolepis diminuta foi identificado em 0,5% dos indivíduos (1/200) e Rodentolepis nana em 2,5% (5/200), ambos apenas identificados no intestino delgado de ratinhos da Madeira. Os nemátodes Calodium hepaticum, 23,5% (47/200), espécie zoonótica, Heligmosomoides polygyrus, 6,5% (13/200), Heterakis spumosa, 5,0% (10/200) e Trichuris muris, 39,0% (78/200), foram apenas identificados na ilha da Madeira; Gongylonema neoplasticum, 2,0% (4/200) foi apenas identificado na ilha de Porto Santo e Mastophorus muris, 11,5% (23/200) e Syphacia obvelata, 73,5% (147/200), foram identificados em ambas as ilhas. Esta variação observada entre ilhas pode ser devida às diferentes densidades populacionais dos ratinhos, pool genético, origem dos indivíduos fundadores e/ou diferentes níveis de interação com os hospedeiros definitivos. C. fasciolaris, H. diminuta, R. nana e C. hepaticum são agentes zoonóticos cujos ciclos biológicos, de alguns destes, podem envolver carnívoros domésticos com proximidade ao Homem, amplificando o risco de transmissão. Brachylaima sp. e S. obvelata possuem um potencial zoonótico devido aos seus ciclos biológicos pelo que não devem ser descurados. As infeções humanas por estes parasitas são frequentemente subestimadas, possivelmente devido à falta de conhecimento da importância dos parasitas de roedores como importantes ameaças em termos de saúde pública e animal, sendo um problema digno de estudo no âmbito de One Health.
ABSTRACT - Gastrointestinal and liver helminthic fauna in house mice (Mus musculus domesticus) from the Madeira Archipelago: its zoonotic potential and importance in animal health - Rodents are major reservoirs for parasites with important implications for human and animal health. The western house mouse (Mus musculus domesticus), due to its commensal habits and proximity with human dwellings, is one of the most problematic species concerning the spread of zoonotic parasites. In the Portuguese islands of Madeira and Porto Santo, this risk is potentiated by high population densities and a close relationship with humans and agricultural products. In this study, we assessed for the first time the parasitofauna of these rodent insular populations. The digestive systems and livers of 200 mice, 161 mice from Madeira and 39 from Porto Santo, were screened for lesions and parasites, being 182 (91%) positive. In Madeira island, mice were positive for 89.4% of the samples and in Porto Santo for 97.4%. The trematode Brachylaima sp. was found on both islands in the small intestines of 2.0% of the sample (4/200). The metacestodes Cysticercus fasciolaris was found in the livers of 24% mice (48/200) and Cysticercus sp. in 12.5% (25/200) on both islands. The adult cestodes Hymenolepis diminuta was found in 0.5% of samples (1/200) and Rodentolepis nana in 2.5% (5/200), both only found in the small intestines of mice from Madeira. The nematodes Calodium hepaticum, 23.5% (47/200), a zoonotic species, Heligmosomoides polygyrus, 6.5% (13/200), Heterakis spumosa, 5.0% (10/200) and Trichuris muris, 39.0% (78/200), were only detected in Madeira; Gongylonema neoplasticum, 2.0% (4/200) was only detected in Porto Santo and Mastophorus muris, 11.5% (23/200) and Syphacia obvelata, 73.5% (147/200), were detected on both islands. This variation across islands may be due to differences in mouse population densities, genetic pool, colonization origin and/or different levels of interaction with definitive hosts. C. fasciolaris, H. diminuta, R. nana and C. hepaticum are zoonotic agents whose life cycles, for some of them, may involve domestic carnivores in the proximity with humans, amplifying their chance of transmission. Brachylaima sp. and S. obvelata have also a zoonotic potential due to their life cycles and human proximity, and therefore should not be overlooked. The human infections by these parasites are usually underestimated, possibly due to the lack of knowledge on the importance of rodent parasites as major threats and reason for concern in terms of animal and public health, a problem that should be further studied under the scope of One Health.
Navajas, y. Navarro Maria José. "Facteurs sélectifs et stochastiques de la différenciation de populations insulaires de Mus musculus domesticus analyse à divers niveaux d'intégration, génome, individu, population". Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1986. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37599976z.
Pełny tekst źródłaVanlerberghe, Flavie. "Histoire évolutive de la zone d'hybridation naturelle entre les deux sous-espèces de souris européennes Mus musculus domesticus et Mus musculus musculus dynamique de l'introgression de gènes autosomaux, de l'ADN mitochondrial et du chromosome Y /". Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37618998j.
Pełny tekst źródłaVanlerberghe, Flavie. "Histoire évolutive de la zone d'hybridation naturelle entre les deux sous-espèces de souris européennes Mus musculus domesticus et Mus musculus musculus : dynamique de l'introgression de gènes autosomaux, de l'ADN mitochondrial et du chromosome Y". Montpellier 2, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988MON20001.
Pełny tekst źródłaDiagne, Christophe. "Communautés de parasites, immunité et succès d'invasion des rongeurs commensaux : le cas de la souris domestique du rat noir au Sénégal". Thesis, Montpellier, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015MONTS057/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaBiological invasions are increasingly phenomenon worldwide having deleterious impacts on biodiversity and human health. Studying the mechanisms explaining them allows both (i) to define efficient strategies for controlling and preventing invaders and (ii) to study ecological and evolutionary processes at contemporary scales. Some major hypotheses rely on parasitism and host immunity to explain invasion success. Thus, exotic host populations (1) may benefit of an " Enemy Release " (ER) through impoverishment of their original parasite communities, and may affect native hosts by (2) transferring exotic parasites (Spill-Over, SO) and/or (3) by increasing transmission risk of native parasites (Spill-Back, SB). In turn, according to the refined “Evolution of Increased Competitive Ability” (EICA) theory, invasive populations should experience immune trade-offs by favouring less expensive antibody-mediated responses over costly inflammation, to increase their competitive ability (dispersion, reproduction). The aim of my thesis is to test these predictions along the invasion routes of two commensal exotic species in Senegal, the domestic mouse (Mus musculus domesticus) and the black rat (Rattus rattus). These rodent species are considered to be major invasive species worldwide inducing high economic, sanitary and ecological damages. My research is based on comparative analyses along one invasion route for each invasive species. We focused on gastrointestinal helminths and pathogenic bacteria as parasite communities, and inflammation and natural antibody-mediated responses as immune estimates. Comparisons were performed for invasive and/or native (Mastomys spp.) rodents between localities of long-established invasion (100-200 years ago), recent invasion (10-30 years ago; invasion front), and non-invaded localities. My findings showed variations along both invasion routes in parasite community structure and immune patterns, but in a more complex way than expected under the initial predictions. The heterogeneity of changes observed highlights the existence of particular relations between host and parasite traits, host immune investment, environmental conditions and biological invasions. Further experimental works are needed to assess the consequences and mechanisms underlying the changes observed along both invasion routes
Pouliquen, Odile. "Variabilité comportementale dans diverses populations naturelles de Mus musculus domesticus rôle de la structure sociale dans le fonctionnement et l'évolution du système individu-population /". Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb376176854.
Pełny tekst źródłaPouliquen, Odile. "Variabilité comportementale dans diverses populations naturelles de Mus musculus domesticus : rôle de la structure sociale dans le fonctionnement et l'évolution du système individu-population". Montpellier 2, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988MON20028.
Pełny tekst źródłaLippens, Cédric. "Coûts et bénéfices de l'inflammation dans les relations hôte-parasite". Thesis, Dijon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016DIJOS035/document.
Pełny tekst źródłaHost-parasite interactions are characterized by trade-offs that involve both plastic and microevolutionary responses. On one hand, while immunity is essential to fight parasites, it can also cause damage to the host, leading to autoimmunity and inflammatory diseases. On the other hand, parasites have to cope with the immune environnement provided by the host. This raises the question of the costs and benefits of the inflammatory response for the two partners of the interaction. With different experimental and literature-based approaches, I showed that immunopathology is a trait that likely persists because of the immediate benefits of the immune response in terms of protection against parasites. Furthermore, I was able to show that inflammation positively altered the life history traits of the gastrointestinal nematode Heligmosomoides polygyrus both plastically or after experimental evolution. However, the parasite invested more in immunomodulation and camouflage when facing an inflammatory environment, leaving open the question of the costs associated with an inflammatory environment over the entire lifespan of the parasite and/or across generations
Medarde, González Núria Estel. "La zona de polimorfismo cromosómico ‘Barcelona’ de Mus musculus domesticus Schwarz y Schwarz, 1943: dinámica espaciotemporal de su estructura y efecto de las fusiones robertsonianas sobre la espermatogénesis". Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/116318.
Pełny tekst źródłaA Robertsonian (Rb) polymorphism zone of the western European house mouse (Mus musculus domesticus) is found in the vicinity of the city of Barcelona. This Rb system covers about 5.000 km2 and is surrounded by populations whose individuals show a standard (St) karyotype of 40 telocentric chromosomes. In that area, up to seven different metacentrics and Rb specimens with diploid numbers ranging from 27 to 40 chromosomes have been detected. The ‘Barcelona’ Robertsonian system (BRbS) constitutes a unique model among the whole Rb systems described to date, since it lacks an exclusive chromosomal race and the set of metacentrics are geographically distributed following a staggered clinal pattern. Although information on the structure of the system was available at the beginning of the present research, little was known about the dispersal dynamics of the fusions throughout time. Thus, in order to evaluate possible changes in the fixation rates of the Rb fusions and in the degree of genetic isolation among populations differing in some karyotypic characteristics, a study on the spatio-temporal variation of the structure of the BRbS during the periods 1996-2000 and 2008-2010 has been carried out. Likewise, taking into account the finding of differences in the seminiferous epithelium between St and Rb specimens, the possible effect of Rb fusions on the rate of apoptotic germ cell death has been analyzed in all stages of the spermatogenesis in M. musculus domesticus. Finally, the relationship between the Rb fusions and the shape and size of the sperm head has been tested by applying geometric morphometrics to images obtained through a scanning electron microscope, a technique also applied to evaluate the existence of variational modularity in such sperm structure. Although local fluctuations in the fixation rate of metacentrics were detected, the clinal structure of the zone remained relatively stable over the period considered. This result indicates the existence of certain degree of genetic isolation between populations karyotypically differenciated, which corroborates the existence of reproductive barriers among them. Specimens with low diploid numbers showed a relevant signal of germ cell death, abnormalities in the genetic recombination and morphological alterations both in round spermatids and in mature spermatozoids. However, the great variability detected among individuals suggests that the magnitude of the effects caused by Rb fusions on the seminiferous epithelium may vary depending on the structural characteristics of the chromosomes involved in the fusions and on the degree of genic heterozygosity. Morphometric analysis on the sperm head revealed substantial differences among chromosomal groups. Divergences in the shape of the ventral spurs were detected between sperms from St and Rb specimens, while variation in the post-acrosomal width was also noticed among Rb gametes. These changes might be related to alterations in the gamete morphogenesis promoted by Rb fusions. Modularity analyses indicated that the sperm head is divided into three variational modules that fit with the cytoskeleton compartmentalization of the perinuclear theca. Although no differences in the modularity pattern were found among chromosomal groups, the decrease in the covariation rates between pairs of modules in Rb specimens suggests that Rb fusions might induce changes in the phenotype-genotype map of individuals.
Collares, Favorino José de Freitas. "Expressão gênica e taxas de desenvolvimento de embriões Mus musculus domesticus expostos à pressão gasosa no estágio de 8-células e submetidos à crioconservação no estágio de blastocisto". reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/108173.
Pełny tekst źródłaThe first objective of the experiments was to determine the development rates of mouse embryos exposed to high gaseous pressure (HGP – 15.7 MPa gaseous N2) at 8-cell stage for 2 or 4 hours. Second, determine the blastocyst re-expansion rates after cryopreservation. Third, determine the relative expression of BAX, Bcl2, GLUT1, GLUT3, IGF1, IGF2, IGF1-R, IGF2-R, SOD2, HSP70.1, AQP3 and PPIA in the following experimental steps: immediately after collection of 8-cell stage embryos, at the blastocyst stage before and after freezing. Fourteen males and 60 females Mus musculus domesticus were used in six experiment replications. Thirty-eight (63%) from the 60 superovulated, females produced 1092 viable embryos. These 8-cell stage embryos were then randomly divided into four experimental groups: P1 group – embryos were first exposed to 15.7 MPa of gaseous N2 for 2 hours and after cultured in vitro until the blastocyst stage; P2 group - embryos were treated identically to the P1 group, but were exposed to 15.7 MPa of gaseous N2 for 4 hours; CE control group - embryos were submitted to in vitro culture immediately after collection; CB control group - embryos were maintained at room temperature (22ºC) for 4 hours and after cultured in vitro. The results of embryo in vitro development to the blastocyst stage were: P1 Group- 96.4% (245/253); P2 group- 94.0% (253/269); CE group- 95.0% (249/262) and CB- 95.4 (249/261). After cryopreservation the blastocyst re-expansion rates were: P1 group- 86.3 % (63/73); P2 group- 80.0 (76/95); CE group – 72.8 (67/92), CB group- 83.6 (92/110). No major differences in gene expression were observed among treatment groups for most genes analyzed in this study, likely due to the biological variability in groups of embryos within each group. Exposure of embryos at 8-cells stage to 15.7 MPa of gaseous N2 did not compromise in vitro embryo viability to reach the blastocyst stage. The survival rates of blastocysts to cryopreservation differ only among the embryos that were exposed to the HGP during 2 hours at 8-cell stage (86,3 %) and the 8-cell stage embryos that were submitted to the in vitro culture immediately after collection (72,8 %). The experimental results showed that HGP can be used to induce sublethal cell stress in murine embryos.
Wesche, Kai-Oliver. "Analyse dysregulierter Moleküle des Nervensystems der Tenascin-R-defizienten Maus (Mus musculus domesticus, Linneaus, 1758; m. musculus TN-R-/-, Weber et al. 1999) Analysis of dysregulated molecules in the nervous system of tenascin-R deficient mice /". [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2003. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=969120346.
Pełny tekst źródłaStewart, Annabelle Greer. "Dibblers on the Jurien islands : the influence of burrowing seabirds and the potential for competition from other species". University of Western Australia. School of Animal Biology, 2007. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2007.0066.
Pełny tekst źródłaLe, Pape Gilles. "Etude expérimentale des facteurs génétiques et épigénétiques de la variabilité interindividuelle du comportement chez la souris domestique mus musculus". Tours, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985TOUR4001.
Pełny tekst źródłaRajabi, Maham Hassan. "Phylogéographie des souris du complexe Mus musculus en Iran : coalescence mitochondriale et diversité du chromosome Y". Montpellier 2, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007MON20077.
Pełny tekst źródłaPettersson, Maria. "Whose Islam is the right Islam? :". Lund, Sweden : Department of Economic History at Lund University, 2002. http://www.ekh.lu.se/publ/mfs/6.pdf.
Pełny tekst źródłaParker, Kristy. "Women MPs, feminism and domestic policy in the Second World War". Thesis, University of Oxford, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.241334.
Pełny tekst źródłaNoguchi, Milica Satake. "O dito, o não dito e o mal-dito: o fonoaudiólogo diante da violência familiar contra crianças e adolescentes". reponame:Repositório Institucional da FIOCRUZ, 2005. https://www.arca.fiocruz.br/handle/icict/12836.
Pełny tekst źródłaEsta tese apresentada no formato de três artigos científicos procurou compreender como os fonoaudiólogos vêm enfrentando o problema da violência familiar contra crianças e adolescentes e como este tema vem sendo abordado na produção científica da área.O pressuposto central deste trabalho é de que existem especificidades da atuação e da formação fonoaudiológica que propiciam a experiência com os maus-tratos no cotidiano profissional, mas ao mesmo tempo, dificultam o enfrentamento destes casos.O primeiro artigo teve o objetivo de chamar a atenção do fonoaudiólogo para esse grave problema, discutindo seu papel enquanto profissional integrante da rede de proteção à infância e sua importância na identificação, condução e prevenção dos maus tratos.Por se tratar de um assunto ainda pouco tematizado na área, este trabalho procurou ser didático nos seus propósitos de orientar os profissionais brasileiros sobre a importância de se capacitarem para um melhor atendimento.O segundo e o terceiro artigo foram baseados em dados originais de um inquérito realizado com fonoaudiólogos do município do Rio de Janeiro no ano de 2003. Estes trabalhos procuraram compreender as dificuldades enfrentadas por este profissional diante dos casos de maus-tratos buscando outras vias explicativas, além da falta de informação e qualificação. Além disso, os resultados deste inquérito possibilitaram conhecer a ocorrência da violência familiar na população que recebe atendimento fonoaudiológico.Além do caráter descritivo e exploratório deste estudo inédito no país e na literatura de língua inglesa, a tese como um todo, teve também um caráter bibliográfico já que analisou todos os estudos encontrados sobre Fonoaudiologia, distúrbios da comunicação e violência familiar revelando uma escassez de publicações internacionais e nacionais acerca deste problema.
O isolamento que caracteriza a atuação do fonoaudiólogo, a tradição de uma prática corretivo-normatizadora, uma prática clínica pouco embasada teórica e metodologicamente e ainda, o distanciamento das instituições públicas fizeram com que o problema dos maus-tratos permanecesse à margem da pauta de debates da Fonoaudiologia no Brasil. A compreensão destes fatores é fundamental para que o processo de capacitação e disseminação de informação para esta categoria profissional seja efetivo.
Morales, Rivera Alvaro Enrique. "La dinámica social e institucional del abuso sexual intrafamiliar, bajo la óptica de la atención, en el Instituto Nacional de Medicina Legal y Ciencias Forenses en Santa Fe de Bogotá, Colombia". reponame:Repositório Institucional da FIOCRUZ, 2003. https://www.arca.fiocruz.br/handle/icict/4553.
Pełny tekst źródłaVisa analisar o abuso sexual intrafamiliar em crianças e adolescentes, em Santa Fé de Bogotá, Colômbia. Realizou-se uma pesquisa qualitativa e quantitativa, exploratória, com abordagem no campo da investigação social. Os dados quantitativos foram obtidos das publicações do Instituto Nacional de Medicina Legal e Ciências Forenses (INMLCF), que apresentam e analisam as informações dos laudos médico-legais no país inteiro. Os dados da análise qualitativa foram obtidos: a partir da leitura do laudo médico-legal do INMLCF, relatórios de gestão de instituições envolvidas no problema do abuso sexual em menores; entrevistas semiestruturadas individuais com os profissionais destas instituições e com familiares e/ou acompanhantes que compareceram duas ou mais vezes ao INMLCF para a realização do exame médico-legal. Constatou-se que 86 por cento das denúncias de delitos sexuais na Colômbia são de menores de idade, nos quais em 78 por cento os agressores eram pessoas conhecidas e, desses, 76 por cento eram familiares. Ao analisar o grupo etário encontramos, tanto no país quanto em Santa Fé de Bogotá, um predomínio do grupo etário de 5 a 14 anos com 68 por cento de casos recebidos, seguido pelo grupo etáreo de 15 a 17 anos com 17 por cento Realizou-se uma discussão sobre a dinâmica das famílias que apresentam o abuso sexual(...) O trabalho confirma que, enquanto o processo de investigação do abuso sexual intrafamiliar não unir o esforço das equipes multidisciplinares e interinstitucionais, trabalhando na atenção e na prevenção, será muito difícil avançar na solução.
Bandeira, Noemi [UNESP]. "Violência doméstica contra crianças e adolescentes: da denúncia ao atendimento". Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/97537.
Pełny tekst źródłaCoordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
A violência doméstica é um flagelo domiciliar que se impõe a crianças e adolescentes de maneira a prejudicar seu desenvolvimento físico, psíquico e social, negando seus direitos de cidadania. Embora hoje já se perceba uma preocupação crescente de toda a sociedade e do Estado brasileiro com relação à questão da violência em suas diversas faces, o suplício doméstico de inúmeras crianças e adolescentes ainda se mantém em situação de invisibilidade e negligência pelos órgãos públicos de saúde, educação e assistência social. Apesar de a legislação brasileira ser uma das mais avançadas em prever a garantia dos direitos humanos, com prioridade absoluta para a criança e o adolescente, as práticas cotidianas em torno da questão estão ainda longe de atingirem a um patamar desejável. Esta pesquisa buscou entender como se dá o atendimento à violência doméstica contra crianças e adolescentes na cidade de Assis, interior paulista. O objetivo era compreender se há uma rede organizada de atendimento, se há um acompanhamento às vítimas, ao agressor e à família e como este é realizado. A pesquisa intencionava ainda discutir quais as maiores dificuldades para a detecção, o encaminhamento e seguimento dos casos pelos profissionais. A metodologia desenvolvida é a qualitativa, com os pressupostos teóricos do Materialismo Histórico Dialético. Primeiramente foi realizada uma análise documental a 458 prontuários do Conselho Tutelar, referentes ao período de 03 de junho de 2005 a 31 de maio de 2006, totalizando 556 casos de crianças e adolescentes...
The domestic violence is an indoor scourge that is inflicted against children and adolescents in a way that harms their physical, social and psychic development, denying them their citizenship rights. Although today it has already been noticed a growing concern in all Brazilian State’s society regarding the violence issue in it’s varied faces, the domestic torment of countless children and adolescents is yet kept in a neglected and invisible condition by the public health, social care and education organs. Although the Brazilian legislation is one of the most advanced in anticipating the human rights enforcement, with absolute priority to the child and adolescent, the everyday practices around the issue are far yet from attaining a suitable level. This research pursued to understand how the assistance to domestic abuse against children and adolescents in the city of Assis, São Paulo’s countryside, is carried out. The aim was to comprehend if there is an assistance organized web, if there is escort to the victims, the attacker and his family and how this is accomplished. The research had yet aimed at discussing what are the major impairments to the detection, conducting and guidance of the cases by professionals. The methodology developed is the qualitative with the Historical-Dialect Materialism theoretical orientation. Firstly a documental analysis was performed in 458 Guardianship Council´s forms, concerning to the period from... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)